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Chen Z, Chen J, Tan S, Yang Z, Zhang Y. Dechlorination Helps Defluorination: Insights into the Defluorination Mechanism of Florfenicol by S-nZVI and DFT Calculations on the Reaction Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2542-2553. [PMID: 38262936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Defluorination is essential to eliminate the antibiotic resistance and detrimental effects of florfenicol (C12H14Cl2FNO4S, FF), which is achievable by sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI), yet a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism is lacking. Herein, we used experimental data and density functional theory calculations to demonstrate four dechlorination-promoted defluorination pathways of FF, depending on S-nZVI or not. FF was defluorinated in a rapid and then slow but continuous manner, accompanying a consecutive dechlorination to deschloro (dFF) and dideschloro FF (ddFF). Unexpectedly, the predominant defluorination occurs by spontaneous hydrolysis of ddFF to form the hydrolyzed byproduct (HO-ddFF), i.e., independent of S-nZVI, which is initiated by intramolecular attack from carbonyl O to alkyl F and is thus limited for FF and dFF owing to the diminished nucleophilicity by electron-withdrawing Cl. The removal of Cl also makes the reductive defluorination of ddFF by S-nZVI amenable. The other two minor but more rapid defluorination pathways occur in synergy with the dechlorination of FF and dFF, which are mediated by the reactive carbanion intermediates and generate HO-dFF and HO-ddFF, respectively. The reliability of these dechlorination-facilitated defluorination pathways was verified by the consistency of theoretical calculations with experimental data, providing valuable insights into the degradation of fluorinated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jingdan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shendong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Zilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, China
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Liu S, Guo Y, Qu H, Dong Y, Zhao S, Fu T, Kang R, Cheng J, Huang S, Zhao L, Ma Q. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in the plasma, urine, and feces of fattening male donkeys following single oral administration. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1314029. [PMID: 38239747 PMCID: PMC10794771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1314029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF) is a commonly used antibacterial agent in animals. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) in donkeys. Donkeys were administered FF (30 mg/kg bodyweight, p.o.). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. The FF (FFA) pharmacokinetics parameters were characterized by along elimination half-life (t1/2 kz) of 5.92 h (15.95 h), plasma peak concentration (Cmax) of 0.13 μg/mL (0.08 μg/mL), and the time taken to reach Cmax (Tmax) of 0.68 h (0.72 h). The area under plasma concentration-time curve and mean residence time of FF (FFA) in plasma were 1.31 μg·mL-1·h (0.47 μg·mL-1·h) and 10.37 h (18.40 h), respectively. The t1/2 kz of FF and FFA in urine was 21.93 and 40.26 h, and the maximum excretion rate was 10.56 and 4.03 μg/h reached at 25.60 and 32.20 h, respectively. The respective values in feces were 0.02 and 0.01 μg·h-1 reached at 33.40 h. The amount of FF and FFA recovered in feces was 0.52 and 0.22 μg, respectively. In conclusion, FF (FFA) is rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after a single oral administration to donkeys. Compared to FF, FFA was more slowly eliminated. FF (FFA) is mostly excreted through urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanjie Dong
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tianze Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifen Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wu CF, Rairat T, Chou CC, Kuo HC. Letter to the editor. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:62-63. [PMID: 38047430 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tirawat Rairat
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Zhang T, Sun J, Peng J, Ding Y, Li Y, Ma H, Yu M, Ma Y. Effects of Florfenicol on nirS-Type Denitrification Community Structure of Sediments in an Aquatic Microcosm Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1254. [PMID: 37627674 PMCID: PMC10451342 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol is one of the most widely used antibiotics in aquaculture and veterinary clinics because of its low side effects and strong bactericidal effect. A total of 45~60% of florfenicol is not absorbed by the animal body and accumulates in the aquatic environment through a variety of pathways, which affects denitrification. Indoor aquatic microcosm models were constructed and sediment samples were collected at different florfenicol concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L) on days 0, 7, 30, and 60 to extract the microbial genome DNA and determine the water properties. qPCR and amplicon sequencing were used to study the dynamic changes in the nirS gene and nirS-type denitrification community structure, diversity, and abundance, respectively. The results showed that high florfenicol stress influenced the sediment's physicochemical properties, reducing conductivity, alkaline dissolved nitrogen, and organic matter content. In addition, the abundance of nirS, a functional denitrification gene, increased obviously with increased florfenicol concentrations but decreased the diversity of nirS-type denitrification microorganisms. Proteobacteria was the dominant denitrifying phylum in the sediment. Our study provides a scientific basis for the rational use of florfenicol in aquaculture to maintain a healthy and stable microecological environment and also provides a preliminary understanding of the response characteristics of water denitrifying microorganisms to florfenicol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (T.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Junying Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jinju Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (T.Z.)
| | - Yuexia Ding
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (T.Z.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (T.Z.)
| | - Haotian Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (T.Z.)
| | - Mengbo Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (T.Z.)
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (T.Z.)
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Zhang T, Peng J, Dai Y, Xie X, Luo S, Ding Y, Ma Y. Effect of florfenicol on nirS-type denitrifying communities structure of water in an aquatic microcosm model. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1205394. [PMID: 37529176 PMCID: PMC10388553 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1205394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol is used worldwide for its low side effects and strong bactericidal effect. Florfenicol is physicochemically stable and can persist in natural water bodies and affect water denitrification. Indoor aquatic microcosm models were constructed and water samples were collected at different florfenicol concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L) on days 0, 7, 30, and 60 to extract the microbial genome DNA and determine the water properties. qPCR and amplicon sequencing were used to study the dynamic changes of nirS gene and nirS-type denitrifying communities structure, diversity and abundance, respectively. The results showed that higher florfenicol concentrations caused accumulation of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in water. Florfenicol stress caused orders of magnitude changes in nirS gene abundance, showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. 100 mg/L florfenicol addition led to a sustained increase of nirS gene abundance in water bodies. The florfenicol addition altered denitrifying community structure and suppressed the richness and diversity index of denitrifying bacteria in water body. Over time, the richness and diversity index gradually recovered. Proteobacteria was always the dominant denitrifying phylum in water. The relative abundance of Pseudomonas and beta proteobacterium showed obvious positive correlation with nirS gene abundance and were the dominant genera under florfenicol stress. Our study provided a scientific basis for the rational use of florfenicol in aquaculture to maintain a healthy and stable microecological environment, and also provided a preliminary understanding of the response characteristics of water denitrifying microorganisms to florfenicol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinju Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xingpeng Xie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuaishuai Luo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuexia Ding
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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Yang WC, Liu ZY, Zhang YX, Yu Y, Shen Y, Xu Y, Huang XH. Florfenicol sustained-release granules: an in vitro-in vivo correlation study in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:81. [PMID: 37391757 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize pharmaceutical characteristics of florfenicol sustained-release granules (FSRGs) in vitro and in vivo. FSRGs were synthesized using monostearate, polyethylene glycol 4000 and starch. In vitro dissolution profiles were studied using the rotating basket method in pH 1.2 HCl solution and pH 4.3 acetate buffer. Twenty-four male healthy Landrace×Yorkshire pigs were equally divided into three groups and administered a 20 mg/kg i.v bolus of florfenicol solution and dosed orally with FSRGs in the fasting and fed states. The Higuchi model was the best fit for the drug release profile in pH 1.2 and pH 4.3 media, and the mechanism of drug dissolution was governed by both diffusion and dissolution. We established a level A in vitro - in vivo correlation for FSRGs and the in vivo profile of the FSRGs can be estimated by the in vitro drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cong Yang
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zi-Yao Liu
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Zhang
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xian-Hui Huang
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Origin Bacteria, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Somogyi Z, Mag P, Simon R, Kerek Á, Szabó P, Albert E, Biksi I, Jerzsele Á. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Florfenicol in Plasma and Synovial Fluid of Pigs at a Dose of 30 mg/kg bw Following Intramuscular Administration. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040758. [PMID: 37107120 PMCID: PMC10135420 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A major problem of our time is the ever-increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacterial populations. One of the most effective ways to prevent these problems is to target antibacterial therapies for specific diseases. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effectiveness of florfenicol against S. suis, which can cause severe arthritis and septicemia in swine herds. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of florfenicol in porcine plasma and synovial fluid were determined. After a single intramuscular administration of florfenicol at 30 mg/kgbw, the AUC0-∞ was 164.45 ± 34.18 µg/mL × h and the maximum plasma concentration was 8.15 ± 3.11 µg/mL, which was reached in 1.40 ± 0.66 h, whereas, in the synovial fluid, these values were 64.57 ± 30.37 µg/mL × h, 4.51 ± 1.16 µg/mL and 1.75 ± 1.16 h, respectively. Based on the MIC values of the 73 S. suis isolates tested, the MIC50 and MIC90 values were 2 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively. We successfully implemented a killing-time curve in pig synovial fluid as a matrix. Based on our findings, the PK/PD breakpoints of the bacteriostatic (E = 0), bactericidal (E = -3) and eradication (E = -4) effects of florfenicol were determined and MIC thresholds were calculated, which are the guiding indicators for the treatment of these diseases. The AUC24h/MIC values for bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication effects were 22.22 h, 76.88 h and 141.74 h, respectively, in synovial fluid, and 22.42 h, 86.49 h and 161.76 h, respectively, in plasma. The critical MIC values of florfenicol against S. suis regarding bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication effects in pig synovial fluid were 2.91 ± 1.37 µg/mL, 0.84 ± 0.39 µg/mL and 0.46 ± 0.21 µg/mL, respectively. These values provide a basis for further studies on the use of florfenicol. Furthermore, our research highlights the importance of investigating the pharmacokinetic properties of antibacterial agents at the site of infection and the pharmacodynamic properties of these agents against different bacteria in different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Simon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Szabó
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Center for Structural Study, MS Metabolomics Laboratory, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ervin Albert
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 2225 Üllő, Hungary
- SCG Diagnostics Ltd., 2437 Délegyháza, Hungary
| | - Imre Biksi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 2225 Üllő, Hungary
- SCG Diagnostics Ltd., 2437 Délegyháza, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Yuan Y, An B, Xie S, Qu W, Hao H, Huang L, Luo W, Liang J, Peng D. The dose regimen formulation of doxycycline hydrochloride and florfenicol injection based on ex vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling against the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs. ANIMAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDoxycycline hydrochloride and florfenicol combination (DoxHcl&FF) is an effective treatment for respiratory diseases. In the study, our objective was to evaluate the activity of DoxHcl&FF against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) in porcine pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and the optimal dosage scheme to avoid the development of resistance. The DoxHcl&FF was administered intramuscularly (IM) at 20 mg/kg, and the PELF was collected at different time points. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-mortality curves were also included in the study. Based on the sigmoid Emax equation and dose equations, the study integrated the in vivo pharmacokinetic data of infected pigs and ex vivo pharmacodynamic data to obtain the area under concentration time curve (AUC0-24h)/MIC values in PELF and achieve bacteriostatic activity, bactericidal activity and the virtual eradication of bacteria. The study showed that the combination of DoxHcl and FF caused no significant changes in PK parameters. The peak concentration (Cmax) of FF in healthy and diseased pigs was 8.87 ± 0.08 μg/mL and 8.67 ± 0.07 μg/mL, the AUC0-24h were 172.75 ± 2.52 h·μg/mL and 180.22 ± 3.13 h·μg/mL, the Cmax of DoxHcl was 7.91 ± 0.09 μg/mL and 7.99 ± 0.05 μg/mL, and the AUC0-24h was 129.96 ± 3.70 h·μg/mL and 169.82 ± 4.38 h·μg/mL. DoxHcl&FF showed strong concentration-dependent tendencies. The bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination activity were calculated as 5.61, 18.83 and 32.68 h, and the doses were 1.37 (bacteriostatic), 4.59 (bactericidal) and 7.99 (elimination) mg/kg. These findings indicated that the calculated recommended dose could assist in achieving more precise administration, increasing the effectiveness of DoxHcl&FF treatment for APP infections.
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Yuan Q, Zhang H, Qin C, Zhang H, Wang D, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Zhao J. Impact of emerging pollutant florfenicol on enhanced biological phosphorus removal process: Focus on reactor performance and related mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160316. [PMID: 36403846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF), an emerging pollutant antibiotic that is difficult to biodegrade, inevitably enters sewage treatment facilities with high level. To date, however, the performance and related mechanism of FF on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) have not been reported. In order to fill this gap, this work investigated the potential impacts of FF on EBPR and revealed the relevant mechanisms. The effect of FF on EBPR was dose-dependent, that was, low dose had no effect on EBPR, while high FF concentration inhibited EBPR. Mechanism investigation showed that FF had no effect on anaerobic phosphate release, but reduced oxic phosphorus uptake. Three-dimensional Excitation-emission Matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that FF affected the structure and components of activated sludge extracellular polymers (EPS). High content of FF stimulated sludge to secrete more EPS. High level of FF reduced the relative abundance of microorganisms responsible for biological phosphorus removal. Microbiological community structure analysis indicated 2.0 mg FF/L increased the relative abundance of Candidatus_Competibacter and Terrimonas from 9.22 % and 12.49 % to 19.00 % and 16.28 %, respectively, but significantly reduced the relative abundance of Chinophagaceae from 11.32 % to 0.38 %, compared with the blank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Yuan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Chengzhi Qin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qiuzhuo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dalei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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10
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Based on functional materials and PLGA for the florfenicol controlled release system and its antibacterial properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Chou WC, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. An Interactive Generic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) Modeling Platform to Predict Drug Withdrawal Intervals in Cattle and Swine: A Case Study on Flunixin, Florfenicol and Penicillin G. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:180-197. [PMID: 35642931 PMCID: PMC9333411 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Violative chemical residues in edible tissues from food-producing animals are of global public health concern. Great efforts have been made to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for estimating withdrawal intervals (WDIs) for extralabel prescribed drugs in food animals. Existing models are insufficient to address the food safety concern as these models are either limited to 1 specific drug or difficult to be used by non-modelers. This study aimed to develop a user-friendly generic PBPK platform that can predict tissue residues and estimate WDIs for multiple drugs including flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G in cattle and swine. Mechanism-based in silico methods were used to predict tissue/plasma partition coefficients and the models were calibrated and evaluated with pharmacokinetic data from Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD). Results showed that model predictions were, in general, within a 2-fold factor of experimental data for all 3 drugs in both species. Following extralabel administration and respective U.S. FDA-approved tolerances, predicted WDIs for both cattle and swine were close to or slightly longer than FDA-approved label withdrawal times (eg, predicted 8, 28, and 7 days vs labeled 4, 28, and 4 days for flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G in cattle, respectively). The final model was converted to a web-based interactive generic PBPK platform. This PBPK platform serves as a user-friendly quantitative tool for real-time predictions of WDIs for flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G following FDA-approved label or extralabel use in both cattle and swine, and provides a basis for extrapolating to other drugs and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chou
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.,1Data Consortium,Kansas State University, Olathe, KS, 66061, USA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL, 32608, USA
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12
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Jourquin S, Bokma J, De Cremer L, van Leenen K, Vereecke N, Pardon B. Randomized field trial comparing the efficacy of florfenicol and oxytetracycline in a natural outbreak of calf pneumonia using lung reaeration as a cure criterion. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:820-828. [PMID: 34994480 PMCID: PMC8965221 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory infections are the main indication for antimicrobial use in calves. Optimal treatment duration currently is unknown, but shorter duration would likely decrease selection for antimicrobial resistance. Hypothesis/Objectives Determine differences in cure rate and healing time between animals treated with florfenicol and oxytetracycline in a natural outbreak of respiratory disease using reaeration observed on thoracic ultrasound examination as healing criterion. Animals Commercial farm housing 130, 3 to 9 month old Belgian blue beef calves. Methods Randomized clinical trial during an outbreak of respiratory disease. Metaphylactic treatment was initiated, randomly treating animals with either florfenicol or oxytetracycline. Ultrasonographic follow‐up was done the first day and every other day for a 14‐day period. At the individual animal level, treatment was discontinued when reaeration of the lungs occurred. Differences in cure rate and healing time were determined. Results Of the 130 animals studied, 67.7% developed a lung consolidation ≥0.5 cm. The mean ultrasonographic healing time was 2.5 days in the florfenicol group compared to 3.1 days in the oxytetracycline group (P = .04). After single treatment, 80.6% and 60.3% had no consolidations in the florfenicol and oxytetracycline groups, respectively (P = .01). A Mycoplasma bovis strain was genetically and phenotypically determined to be susceptible to both antimicrobials. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Ultrasonographic lung reaeration shows potential as a cure criterion to rationalize antimicrobial use for outbreaks of pneumonia. In our study, florfenicol resulted in a faster cure and higher reduction in antimicrobial usage than did oxytetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Jourquin
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jade Bokma
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieze De Cremer
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katharina van Leenen
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nick Vereecke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,PathoSense, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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13
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Somogyi Z, Mag P, Kovács D, Kerek Á, Szabó P, Makrai L, Jerzsele Á. Synovial and Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol and PK/PD Integration against Streptococcus suis in Pigs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010109. [PMID: 35057005 PMCID: PMC8778523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol is a member of the phenicol group, a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. It has been used for a long time in veterinary medicine, but there are some factors regarding its pharmacokinetic characteristics that have yet to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of florfenicol in synovial fluid and plasma of swine after intramuscular (i.m.) administration. In addition, the dosage regimen of treatment of arthritis caused by S. suis was computed for florfenicol using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices. As the first part of our investigation, the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of florfenicol were determined in the plasma and synovial fluid of six pigs. Following drug administration (15 mg/kgbw, intramuscularly), blood was drawn at the following times: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h; synovial fluid samples were taken after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The concentration of florfenicol was determined by a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. As the second part of our research, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of florfenicol were determined in 45 S. suis strains isolated from clinical samples collected in Hungary. Furthermore, a strain of S. suis serotype 2 (SS3) was selected, and killing-time curves of different florfenicol concentrations (0.5 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL) were determined against this strain. Peak concentration of the florfenicol was 3.58 ± 1.51 µg/mL in plasma after 1.64 ± 1.74 h, while it was 2.73 ± 1.2 µg/mL in synovial fluid 3.4 ± 1.67 h after administration. The half-life in plasma was found to be 17.24 ± 9.35 h, while in synovial fluid it was 21.01 ± 13.19 h. The area under the curve (AUC24h) value was 54.66 ± 23.34 μg/mL·h for 24 h in plasma and 31.24 ± 6.82 μg/mL·h for 24 h in synovial fluid. The drug clearance scaled by bioavailability (Cl/F) in plasma and synovial fluid was 0.19 ± 0.08 L/h/kg and 0.29 ± 0.08 L/h/kg, respectively. The mean residence time (MRT) in plasma and synovial fluid was 24.0 ± 13.59 h and 27.39 ± 17.16 h, respectively. The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) in plasma was calculated from Cl/F of 0.19 ± 0.08 L/h/kg, multiplied by MRT of 24.0 ± 13.59 h. For the PK/PD integration, average plasma and synovial fluid concentration of florfenicol was used in a steady-state condition. The obtained MIC50 value of the strains was 2.0 µg/mL, and MIC90 proved to be 16.0 µg/mL. PK/PD integration was performed considering AUC24h/MIC breakpoints that have already been described. This study is the first presentation of the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol in swine synovia as well as a recommendation of extrapolated critical MICs of S. suis for therapeutic success in the treatment of S. suis arthritis in swine, but it should be noted that this requires a different dosage regimen to that used in authorized florfenicol formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
| | - Pál Szabó
- MS Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Structural Study, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungária krt. 23-25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (P.M.); (D.K.); (Á.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-30-360-4191
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14
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Geng Y, Lu C, Jin G, Li S, Cui Y, Han C, Shi W, Bao Y. Study on the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides in relieving liver injury of broilers induced by florfenicol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3372-3385. [PMID: 34389946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the transcriptomics and proteomics targets and pathways of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides (SMPs) alleviating florfenicol (FFC)-induced liver injury in broilers, 60 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group ( GP1) was fed tap water, FFC model (GP2) was given tap water containing FFC 0.15 g/L, and SMPs treatment group (GP3) was given tap water containing FFC 0.15 g/L and SMPs 5 g/L. Starting from 1 day of age, the drug was administered continuously for 5 days. On the 6th day, blood was collected from the heart and the liver was taken. Then 3 chickens were randomly taken from each group, and their liver tissues were aseptically removed and placed in an enzyme-free tube. Using high-throughput mRNA sequencing and TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics technology, the transcriptome and proteome of the three groups of broiler liver were analyzed, respectively. The results of the study showed that the liver tissue morphology of the chicks in the GP1 and GP3 groups was complete and there were no obvious necrotic cells in the liver cells. The liver tissue cells in the GP2 group showed obvious damage, the intercellular space increased, and the liver cells showed extensive vacuolation and steatosis. Compared with the GP1 group, the daily gain of chicks in the GP2 group was significantly reduced (P < 0.0 5 or P < 0.01). Compared with the GP2 group, the GP3 group significantly increased the daily gain of chicks (P <0.0 5 or P <0.01). Compared with the GP1 group, the serum levels of ALT, AST, liver LPO, ROS, and IL-6 in the GP2 group were significantly increased (P < 0.0 5 or P < 0.01), and the contents of T-AOC, GSH-PX, IL-4, and IL-10 in the liver were significantly decreased (P < 0.0 5 or P < 0.01). After SMPs treatment, the serum levels of ALT, AST, liver LPO, ROS, and IL-6 were significantly reduced (P < 0.0 5 or P < 0.01), and the contents of T-AOC, GSH-PX, IL-4, and IL-10 in the liver were significantly increased (P < 0.0 5 or P < 0.01). There were 380 mRNA and 178 protein differentially expressed between GP2 group and GP3 group. Part of DEGs was randomly selected for QPCR verification, and the expression results of randomly selected FABP1, SLC16A1, GPT2, AACS, and other genes were verified by QPCR to be consistent with the sequencing results, which demonstrated the accuracy of transcriptation-associated proteomics sequencing. The results showed that SMPs could alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammatory damage caused by FFC in the liver of chicken and restore the normal function of the liver. SMPs may alleviate the liver damage caused by FFC by regulating the drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, PPAR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, and other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Chunyu Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Guozhong Jin
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China.
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding, 071000, China
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15
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Ma W, Xu X, An B, Zhou K, Mi K, Huo M, Liu H, Wang H, Liu Z, Cheng G, Huang L. Single and ternary competitive adsorption-desorption and degradation of amphenicol antibiotics in three agricultural soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113366. [PMID: 34314962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The widespread usage of veterinary antibiotics results in antibiotic contamination and increases environmental risks. This study was evaluated the single and ternary competitive adsorption-desorption and degradation of three amphenicol antibiotics (AMs): chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP), and florfenicol (FF) in three agricultural soils. The adsorption capacity of amphenicol antibiotics in the soil was weak, and the Kf value was in the range of 0.15-3.59 μg1-1/nL1/n kg-1. In the single adsorption-desorption experiment, the ranked order of adsorption capacity was TAP > FF > CAP. However, in the ternary competitive adsorption experiment, the order was changed to be CAP > FF > TAP. The degradation of AMs in soils was performed at various conditions. All AMs were vulnerable to microbial degradation in soils. A higher initial concentration would reduce the degradation rate and enhance the persistence of AMs in soil. The degradation of AMs was positively influenced by changes in soil moisture content and culture temperatures up to 30 °C and decreased at higher temperatures. An equation was used to predict the leachability of AMs in soils and assess their risk to the water environment. The weak adsorption capacity and poor persistence of FF indicated that it may have a strong effect on groundwater based on the equation. It is imperative to further assess the biological impacts of FF at environmentally relevant concentrations given its mobility and extensive use in the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Ma
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiangyue Xu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Boyu An
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Meixia Huo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China; National Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China; National Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China; National Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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16
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Andersson DI, Bampidis V, Bengtsson‐Palme J, Bouchard D, Ferran A, Kouba M, López Puente S, López‐Alonso M, Nielsen SS, Pechová A, Petkova M, Girault S, Broglia A, Guerra B, Innocenti ML, Liébana E, López‐Gálvez G, Manini P, Stella P, Peixe L. Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed. Part 7: Amphenicols: florfenicol and thiamphenicol. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06859. [PMID: 34729087 PMCID: PMC8546524 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific concentrations of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield, were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties, are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. The FARSC for florfenicol was estimated. However, due to the lack of data, the calculation of the FARSC for thiamphenicol was not possible until further experimental data become available. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported for florfenicol, whilst for thiamphenicol no suitable data for the assessment were available. Uncertainties and data gaps associated to the levels reported were addressed. For florfenicol, it was recommended to perform further studies to supply more diverse and complete data related to the requirements for calculation of the FARSC, whereas for thiamphenicol, the recommendation was to generate the data required to fill the gaps which prevented the FARSC calculation.
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17
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Tikhomirov M, Poźniak B, Smutkiewicz A, Świtała M. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and thiamphenicol after single oral and intravenous, as well as multiple oral administrations to geese. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:25-31. [PMID: 32933318 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1824290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TP), which are synthetic bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs, in geese after a single intravenous or oral administration, as well as seven oral doses administered at 12 h intervals. For all treatments, the dose was 30 mg/kg. 2. After single IV administration, clearance and volume of distribution were low (0.23 ± 0.03 l/h/kg and 0.57 ± 0.08 l/kg for FF, and 0.23 ± 0.04 l/h/kg and 0.59 ± 0.08 l/kg for TP, respectively). The elimination half-life was similar between products and short (2.91 ± 0.41 and 2.84 ± 0.64 h for FF and TP, respectively). 3. The single oral administration resulted in efficient absorption (bioavailability of 83.15 ± 11.48 for FF and 75.21 ± 19.56% for TP) with high maximal concentrations of 30.47 ± 2.47 and 20.02 ± 3.87 μg/ml for FF and TP, respectively. The area under the curve was 108.36 ± 14.96 and 101.81 ± 26.48 mg×h/l for FF and TP, respectively. 4. For both drugs, the two latter parameters were found to be higher compared to earlier studies on terrestrial birds. This suggested that FF and TP may be efficient in treating infections in geese caused by certain bacteria sensitive to chloramphenicol. 5. Neither drug accumulated in tissues following the oral seven doses and no adverse effects were noted in any treated animals. Thus, the selected FF and TP dosage may be considered as a safe treatment for geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tikhomirov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - B Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Smutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Świtała
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090563. [PMID: 32878274 PMCID: PMC7559249 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of medicines in pig rearing are administered via oral group medication through medicated feed and drinking water. However, relevant on-farm factors affecting the concentration of these drugs in feed and drinking water, such as the homogeneity, stability, and cross-contamination, are largely unknown. To characterize these factors, samples of medicated feed and drinking water were taken on 24 Belgian pig farms during treatment and 2 days thereafter, as well as at different on-farm sampling sites from production to feeding troughs or drinking nipples. The samples contained amoxicillin, doxycycline, florfenicol, or flubendazole. Additionally, a questionnaire was completed. In contrast to the results of medicated feed, results of medicated water showed a large between-farm variation in antimicrobial drug concentration. The therapeutic concentration range was only met in 2 out of 11 farms using medicated feed, and in 3 out of 13 farms using medicated water. Medicated feed concentrations were often below the therapeutic concentration range mentioned in the Summary of Product Characteristics, while drinking water concentrations were just as often above as they were below the advised target concentration range. Drug residues measured 2 days after the end of therapy with both feed and water medication rarely exceeded 1% of the lowest therapeutic concentration. This study demonstrates that recommendations on good clinical practices for oral group medication in the pig industry are highly needed.
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19
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Maes D, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Gautier-Bouchardon AV. Antimicrobial treatment of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections. Vet J 2020; 259-260:105474. [PMID: 32553237 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia, a chronic and economically important respiratory disease of pigs. Control and prevention of M. hyopneumoniae infections can be accomplished by optimization of management and housing conditions, and by vaccination. The present paper summarizes the current knowledge on the main characteristics and efficacy of antimicrobials used for the treatment of clinical M. hyopneumoniae infections, the in vitro and in vivo activities of these antimicrobials and the reported resistance mechanisms against some. Potentially active antimicrobials against M. hyopneumoniae include tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, amphenicols, aminoglycosides, aminocyclitols and fluoroquinolones. Antimicrobial treatment can be administered either orally or parenterally. Based on the overall results of efficacy studies performed under experimental and/or field conditions, the majority of agents belonging to these antimicrobial classes improved clinical parameters (clinical signs, lung lesions) and reduced performance losses due to M. hyopneumoniae infection. Antimicrobials may, however, not be able to prevent infection or to eradicate the bacterium from the respiratory tract. The decision to medicate should, therefore, be considered carefully. M. hyopneumoniae shows an intrinsic resistance against β-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides and trimethoprim. A few reports have shown acquired antimicrobial resistance against some antibiotics, along with associated resistance mechanisms. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing are difficult to interpret in terms of treatment outcome, as no clinical breakpoints have been defined for M. hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Filip Boyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Anne V Gautier-Bouchardon
- Mycoplasmology, Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), France
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20
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Du Z, Wang M, Cui G, Zu X, Zhao Z, Xue Y. The prevalence of amphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs in mainland China from 2000 to 2018: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228388. [PMID: 32045422 PMCID: PMC7012437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphenicols have been widely used in the pig industry in China, leading to varying degrees of drug resistance. METHODS The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) recommendations on studies investigating the prevalence of amphenicol-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from pig in mainland China from 2000 to 2018, a random-effects model was selected, then followed by meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 103 articles were included in the study. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the pooled summarized prevalence of resistance to chloramphenicol (CAP) was 72.31% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 67.12%-77.23%) and to florfenicol (FF) was 58.64% (95% CI = 52.48%-64.67%). During the past 18 years, the resistance rate to CAP remained high initially but then declined rapidly after 2012, whereas the resistance rate to FF plateaued (54.13%-59.60%) from 2000-2018. In different parts of China, the rate of resistance to amphenicols among E. coli isolates was fairly consistent, with the exception of the north and northwest regions. CONCLUSIONS In 2002, the veterinary use of CAP was prohibited and its resistance levels in E. coli isolated from pigs was initially maintained at a high level but then showed an obvious downward trend in recent years. Resistance to commonly used FF remained at a high but stable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Du
- Lab of Medical Microbiology Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Lab of Medical Microbiology Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Guanyi Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiangyang Zu
- Lab of Medical Microbiology Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhao
- School Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (ZqZ)
| | - Yun Xue
- Lab of Medical Microbiology Engineering, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (ZqZ)
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21
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Elgeddawy SA, Shaheen HM, El-Sayed YS, Abd Elaziz M, Darwish A, Samak D, Batiha GE, Mady RA, Bin-Jumah M, Allam AA, Alagawany M, Taha AE, El-Mleeh A, El-Sayed SAA, Abd El-Hack ME, Elnesr SS. Effects of the dietary inclusion of a probiotic or prebiotic on florfenicol pharmacokinetic profile in broiler chicken. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:549-557. [PMID: 32017274 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in broilers feed. Unsexed two hundred, thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens, were put in four equal groups (n = 50). The first group was administrated florfenicol intravenous at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) only once dosage without pre- or probiotic administration to determine the bioavailability. While, the second group was administrated florfenicol (intracrop routes; a dosage of 30 mg/kg BW for five progressive days) without pre- or probiotic co-administration. The third and the fourth groups were administrated the same dose of florfenicol (intracrop route) for five successive days, followed by 10 days of prebiotic or probiotic treatment respectively. The plasma florfenicol % was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the first florfenicol administration (intravenous or intracrop routes) in all groups. Then, the residual levels of florfenicol were determined in liver, kidney and muscle tissues from the second, third and fourth groups which were exposed to florfenicol orally. Our results demonstrated that broilers pre-treated with prebiotic or probiotic significantly increased Cmax , AUC0- t , AUC0-inf as well as AUMC values, while significant drop was recorded in V/F and CL/F. Prebiotic or probiotic influenced the cumulative effect of florfenicol in liver and kidney tissues of treated birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A Elgeddawy
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Magdy Abd Elaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Darwish
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Samak
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Mady
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sabry A A El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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22
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Rattanapanadda P, Kuo HC, Vickroy TW, Sung CH, Rairat T, Lin TL, Yeh SY, Chou CC. In vitro and in vivo Synergistic Effects of Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol in Combination Against Swine Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2430. [PMID: 31749775 PMCID: PMC6842999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential synergism between florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TAP) was investigated for in vitro efficacy against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and/or Pasteurella multocida as well as in vivo efficacy in swine. Among isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae (n = 58) and P. multocida (n = 79) from pigs in Taiwan that were tested, high percentages showed resistance to FF (52 and 53%, respectively) and TAP (57 and 53%, respectively). Checkerboard microdilution assay indicated that synergism [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ≤ 0.5] was detected in 17% of A. pleuropneumoniae (all serovar 1) and 24% of P. multocida isolates. After reconfirming the strains showing FICI ≤ 0.625 with time kill assay, the synergism increased to around 32% against both bacteria and the number could further increase to 40% against resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and 65% against susceptible P. multocida isolates. A challenge-treatment trial in pigs with P. multocida showed that the FF + TAP dosage at ratios correspondent to their MIC deduction was equally effective to the recommended dosages. Further on the combination, the resistant mutation frequency is very low when A. pleuropneumoniae is grown with FF + TAP and similar to the exposure to sub-inhibitory concentration of FF or TAP alone. The degree of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) reduction in FF could reach 75% (1/4 MIC) or more (up to 1/8 MIC for P. multocida, 1/16 for A. pleuropneumoniae) when combined with 1/4 MIC of TAP (or 1/8 for A. pleuropneumoniae). The synergism or FICI ≤ 0.625 of FF with oxytetracycline (47%), doxycycline (69%), and erythromycin (56%) was also evident, and worth further investigation for FF as a central modulator facilitating synergistic effects with these antimicrobials. Taken together, synergistic FF + TAP combination was effective against swine pulmonary isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this study may offer a potential alternative for the treatment of A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida infections and has the potential to greatly reduce drug residues and withdrawal time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porjai Rattanapanadda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Thomas W. Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tirawat Rairat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Lu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sze-Yu Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Huang Y, Chen X, Wang H, Zhao H, Luo Y, Wu Z. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in blunt-snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) at two water temperatures with single-dose oral administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:564-571. [PMID: 31197852 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of florfenicol (FFC) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) were studied in healthy blunt-snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, 50 ± 10 g). The study was conducted with a single-dose (25 mg/kg) oral administration at a water temperature of 18 or 28°C, while in the residue elimination study, fish were administered at 25 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days by oral gavage to determine the withdrawal period (WDT) at 28°C. The FFC and FFA levels in plasma and tissues (liver, kidneys and muscle) were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A no-compartment model was used to analyse the concentration versus time data of M. amblycephala. In the two groups at 18 and 28°C, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of FFC was 5.89 and 6.21 μg/ml, while the time to reach Cmax (Tmax ) was 5.97 and 2.84 hr, respectively. These suggested that higher temperature absorbed more drug and more quickly at M. amblycephala. And the elimination half-life (T1/2 kβ ) of FFC was calculated as 26.75 and 16.14 hr, while the total body clearance (CL) was 0.09 and 0.15 L kg-1 hr-1 , and the areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) were 265.87 and 163.31 μg hr/ml, respectively. The difference demonstrated that the elimination rate of FFC in M. amblycephala at 28°C was more quickly than that at 18°C. The results of FFA showed the same trend in tissues of M. amblycephala. After multiple oral doses (25 mg/kg daily for 3 days), the k (eliminate rate constant) of FFA in M. amblycephala muscle was 0.017, the C0 (initial concentration) was 3.07 mg/kg, and the WDT was 10 days (water temperature 28°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention/Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention/Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention/Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention/Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaner Luo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention/Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention/Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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24
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Arriagada F, Günther G, Zabala I, Rubio-Retama J, Morales J. Development and Characterization of Florfenicol-Loaded BSA Nanoparticles as Controlled Release Carrier. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:202. [PMID: 31140015 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol (FLO) is a broad-spectrum fluorinated antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial diseases such as bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle. FLO is a poorly soluble drug in aqueous solution, and its encapsulation in various nanovehicles has been reported to be less than 30%. In this context, the use of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a nanocarrier for FLO is an interesting approach. BSA is a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic natural protein, allowing the vehiculization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs with a well-tolerated administration. The present work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of florfenicol-loaded BSA (FLO-BSA NPs), incorporation efficiency, and in vitro release pattern. FLO-BSA NPs nanoparticles were successfully obtained by a simple, low-cost and in a few steps method. The physicochemical properties of the obtained nanoparticles such as size (~ 120 nm), polydispersity index (0.04), and zeta potential (approximately - 40 mV) suggest a high colloidal stability and suitable characteristics for drug delivery. The drug loading reveals a high incorporation of florfenicol in the nanoparticles, in which 33.6 molecules of FLO are encapsulated per each molecule of BSA. The in vitro release profile exhibits an initial stage characterized by the burst effect and then a prolonged release of FLO from the albumin matrix, which is compatible with the Higuchi model and which follows a Fickian diffusion. The results together suggest a suitable tool for future investigations in drug delivery field in order to use this nanomaterial in food, pharmaceutical, and veterinary industry.
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25
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Miazek K, Brozek-Pluska B. Effect of PHRs and PCPs on Microalgal Growth, Metabolism and Microalgae-Based Bioremediation Processes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102492. [PMID: 31137560 PMCID: PMC6567089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the effect of pharmaceuticals (PHRs) and personal care products (PCPs) on microalgal growth and metabolism is reported. Concentrations of various PHRs and PCPs that cause inhibition and toxicity to growths of different microalgal strains are summarized and compared. The effect of PHRs and PCPs on microalgal metabolism (oxidative stress, enzyme activity, pigments, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, toxins), as well as on the cellular morphology, is discussed. Literature data concerning the removal of PHRs and PCPs from wastewaters by living microalgal cultures, with the emphasis on microalgal growth, are gathered and discussed. The potential of simultaneously bioremediating PHRs/PCPs-containing wastewaters and cultivating microalgae for biomass production in a single process is considered. In the light of reviewed data, the feasibility of post-bioremediation microalgal biomass is discussed in terms of its contamination, biosafety and further usage for production of value-added biomolecules (pigments, lipids, proteins) and biomass as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Miazek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Brozek-Pluska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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26
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Zhang L, Yao L, Kang Z, Huang Z, Gu X, Shen X, Ding H. Microdialysis Determination of Cefquinome Pharmacokinetics in Murine Thigh From Healthy, Neutropenic, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 30914957 PMCID: PMC6422941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at applying microdialysis to explore cefquinome pharmacokinetics in thigh and plasma of healthy, neutropenic, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected mice. The relative recoveries (RRs) were tested in vitro by dialysis and retrodialysis and in vivo by retrodialysis. ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: H-40 (healthy mice receiving cefquinome at 40 mg/kg), H-160, N-40 (neutropenic mice), and I-40 mg/kg (thigh infected-mice with A. pleuropneumoniae). After cefquinome administration, plasma was collected by retro-orbital puncture and thigh dialysate was collected by using a microdialysis probe with Ringer’s solution at a perfusion rate of 1.5 μL/min. Plasma and thigh dialysate samples were assessed by HPLC–MS/MS and analyzed by a non-compartment model. The mean in vivo recoveries in the thigh were 39.35, 38.59, and 37.29% for healthy, neutropenic, and infected mice, respectively. The mean plasma protein-binding level was 16.40% and was independent of drug concentrations. For all groups, the mean values of the free AUCinf in plasma were higher than those in murine thigh, while the elimination T1/2β for plasma were lower than those for murine thigh. Cefquinome penetration (AUCthigh/AUCplasma) from the plasma to thigh was 0.76, 0.88, 0.47, and 0.98 for H-40, N-40, I-40, and H-160 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicated that infection significantly affected cefquinome pharmacokinetics in murine thigh. In conclusion, we successfully applied a microdialysis method to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in murine thigh of healthy, neutropenic, and A. pleuropneumonia-infected mice and the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was obviously affected by infection in thigh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanzhong Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Lei Z, Liu Q, Khaliq H, Cao J, He Q. Resistant cutoff values and optimal scheme establishments for florfenicol against Escherichia coli with PK-PD modeling analysis in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 42:324-335. [PMID: 30801741 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Florfenicol, a structural analog of thiamphenicol, has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic cutoff, and the optimal scheme of florfenicol against Escherichia coli (E. coli) with PK-PD integrated model in the target infectious tissue. 220 E. coli strains were selected to detect the susceptibility to florfenicol, and a virulent strain P190, whose minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was similar to the MIC50 (8 μg/ml), was analyzed for PD study in LB and ileum fluid. The MIC of P190 in the ileum fluid was 0.25 times lower than LB. The ratios of MBC/MIC were four both in the ileum and LB. The characteristics of time-killing curves also coincided with the MBC determination. The recommended dosages (30 mg/kg·body weight) were orally administrated in healthy pigs, and both plasma and ileum fluid were collected for PK study. The main pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters including AUC24 hr , AUC0-∞ , Tmax , T1/2 , Cmax , CLb, and Ke were 49.83, 52.33 μg*h/ml, 1.32, 10.58 hr, 9.12 μg/ml, 0.50 L/hr*kg, 0.24 hr-1 and 134.45, 138.71 μg*hr/ml, 2.05, 13.01 hr, 16.57 μg/ml, 0.18 L/hr*kg, 0.14 hr-1 in the serum and ileum fluid, respectively. The optimum doses for bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination activities were 29.81, 34.88, and 36.52 mg/kg for 50% target and 33.95, 39.79, and 42.55 mg/kg for 90% target, respectively. The final sensitive breakpoint was defined as 16 μg/ml. The current data presented provide the optimal regimens (39.79 mg/kg) and susceptible breakpoint (16 μg/ml) for clinical use, but these predicted data should be validated in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Qianying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haseeb Khaliq
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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28
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Papatsiros V, Tzika E, Athanasiou L, Tassis P, Chaintoutis S, Christodoulopoulos G. In Vivo Effectiveness of Injectable Antibiotics on the Recovery of Acute Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-Infected Pigs. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:603-610. [PMID: 30562148 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this trial was to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of injectable antibiotics of one- or two-dose administration on recovery of acute App (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae)-infected pigs. Ninety pigs with moderate general clinical score (GCS) of a commercial farm, suffering from acute App infection, were divided in two groups: (a) T1: one administration of gamithromycin injectable solution and (b) T2: two administrations of florfenicol injectable solution. Morbidity/mortality, clinical scores (clinical appearance score index-CAS, clinical respiratory score-CRS, clinical cough score index [CCS], general respiratory clinical score-GCRS, and general clinical score-GCS), body temperature score (BTS), and posttreatment interval were recorded. The carcass weight and lung scoring were estimated, based on slaughterhouse pleurisy evaluation system score, lung lobes score, and pneumonia area. The results of this study indicated that the tested antibiotics are efficacious for the recovery of acute App-affected pigs. Quicker improvement of BTS in sick pigs (at day 1 and 2) and quicker recovery of clinical signs, based on the improvement of clinical parameters (CAS, CCS, GCRS, GCS on day 2 and 3, and CRS on day 2), were noticed in T1 group. In conclusion, the use of tested antibiotics in acute App-affected pigs is an effective strategy for the control of an acute outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Papatsiros
- 1 Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eleni Tzika
- 2 Farm Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Labrini Athanasiou
- 1 Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tassis
- 2 Farm Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Serafeim Chaintoutis
- 3 Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Christodoulopoulos
- 1 Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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29
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De Smet J, Boyen F, Croubels S, Rasschaert G, Haesebrouck F, De Backer P, Devreese M. Similar Gastro-Intestinal Exposure to Florfenicol After Oral or Intramuscular Administration in Pigs, Leading to Resistance Selection in Commensal Escherichia coli. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1265. [PMID: 30459619 PMCID: PMC6232271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol, which is licensed for veterinary use only, proves to be a potent antimicrobial for treatment of respiratory disease. However, the subsequent exposure of the gut microbiota to florfenicol is not well described. Hence, the effect of various administration protocols on both plasma and gastro-intestinal florfenicol concentrations in pigs was evaluated. In field situations were simulated by application of different administration routes and dosages [single oral bolus at 10 or 5 mg/kg body weight (BW), medicated feed at 10 or 5 mg/kg BW and intramuscular injections at 15 or 30 mg/kg BW]. After intramuscular administration of 30 mg florfenicol/kg BW, gastro-intestinal concentrations of florfenicol, quantified 10 h after the last administration, were significantly elevated in comparison with the other treatment groups and ranging between 31.5 and 285.8 μg/g over the different gut segments. For the other treatment groups, the influence of dose and administration route was not significantly different. Bacteriological analysis of the fecal samples from the animals at the start of the experiment, demonstrated the presence of both florfenicol susceptible (with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2-16 μg/mL) and florfenicol resistant (MIC ≥ 256 μg/mL) Escherichia coli isolates in all treatment groups. Following, at 10 h after the last administration the susceptible E. coli population was eradicated in all treatment groups due to the high intestinal florfenicol concentrations measured. Moreover, selection of the resistant E. coli strains during treatment occurred in all groups. This is likely related to the fact that the different treatment strategies led to high gastro-intestinal concentrations albeit not reaching the high magnitude of MIC values associated with florfenicol resistance (≥256 μg/mL). Conclusively, in our experimental setup the administration route and dose alterations studied, had no influence on monitored florfenicol resistance selection in E. coli from the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joren De Smet
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Backer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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30
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Ahmed S, Liu Y, Li X. Pharmacokinetic of florfenicol in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of swine and effects of anesthetic agent on drug plasma disposition kinetics. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The primary objective of the current study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) of florfenicol (FFL) in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and the plasma in swine. The second objectives were to evaluate the effect of anesthesia with ketamine and propofol on the PK of FFL in plasma. Bronchoaveolar lavage was utilized for quantification of PELF volume and the urea dilution method was used to determine the concentration of FFL in PELF. FFL was administered intramuscularly (IM) to swine in a single dose of 20mg/kg body weight. The main PK parameters of FFL in plasma and PELF were as follows: the area under the concentration-time curve, maximal drug concentration, elimination half-life and mean residence time were 69.45±4.36 vs 85.03±9.26μg·hr/ml, 4.65±0.34 vs 5.94±0.86μg/ml, 9.87±1.70 vs 10.69±1.60hr and 12.75±0.35 vs 14.46±1.26hr, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the PK profiles of FFL for the anesthetized and unanesthetized pigs. This study suggest that (i) FFL penetrated rapidly into the pulmonary and the drug concentration decay faster in plasma than in the pulmonary, (ii) the PK profile of FFL in swine was not interfered after administration of anesthetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Tarim University, China; Shihezi University, China
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31
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Zhang L, Zhao L, Liu Y, Liu J, Li X. Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in healthy pigs and in pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:431-437. [PMID: 28385011 PMCID: PMC5746435 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.4.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) study of tilmicosin (TIL) was conducted in 6 crossbred healthy pigs and 6 crossbred pigs infected with Haemophilus (H.) parasuis following oral administration of a single 40 mg/kg dose. The infected model was established by intranasal inoculation and confirmed by clinical signs, blood biochemistry, and microscopic examinations. Plasma TIL concentrations were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection at 285 nm. PK parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin software. After TIL administration, the main PK parameters of TIL in healthy and H. parasuis-infected pigs were as follows: Area under the concentration-time curve, maximal drug concentration, half-life of the absorption phase, half-life of the distribution phase, and half-life of the elimination phase were 34.86 ± 9.69 vs. 28.73 ± 6.18 μgㆍh/mL, 1.77 ± 0.33 vs. 1.67 ± 0.28 μg/mL, 2.27 ± 0.45 vs. 2.24 ± 0.44 h, 5.35 ± 1.40 vs. 4.61 ± 0.35 h, and 43.53 ± 8.17 vs. 42.05 ± 9.36 h, respectively. These results of this exploratory study suggest that there were no significant differences between the PK profiles of TIL in the healthy and H. parasuis-infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar 843300, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar 843300, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar 843300, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar 843300, China
| | - Xianqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar 843300, China
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32
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Liu Z, Rong T, Zeng D, Shen X, Ma X, Zeng Z. Bayesian population pharmacokinetic modeling of florfenicol in pigs after intravenous and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:719-725. [PMID: 29974964 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bayesian population pharmacokinetic models of florfenicol in healthy pigs were developed based on retrospective data in pigs either via intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration. Following i.v. administration, the disposition of florfenicol was best described by a two-compartment open model with the typical values of half-life at α phase (t1/2α ), half-life at β phase (t1/2β ), total body clearance (Cl), and volume of distribution (Vd ) were 0.132 ± 0.0289, 2.78 ± 0.166 hr, 0.215 ± 0.0102, and 0.841 ± 0.0289 L kg-1 , respectively. The disposition of florfenicol after i.m. administration was best described by a one-compartment open model. The typical values of maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax ), elimination half-life (t1/2Kel ), Cl, and Volume (V) were 5.52 ± 0.605 μg/ml, 9.96 ± 1.12 hr, 0.228 ± 0.0154 L hr-1 kg-1 , and 3.28 ± 0.402 L/kg, respectively. The between-subject variabilities of all the parameters after i.m. administration were between 25.1%-92.1%. Florfenicol was well absorbed (94.1%) after i.m. administration. According to Monte Carlo simulation, 8.5 and 6 mg/kg were adequate to exert 90% bactericidal effect against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae after i.v. and i.m. administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Rong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongping Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Chang KC, Tsai CE. Bioequivalence evaluation of Florfenicol pharmaceutics in pigs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1448869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Chang
- Division of Animal Industry, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-En Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
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34
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Zhang L, Li Y, Wang Y, Sajid A, Ahmed S, Li X. Integration of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic for dose optimization of doxycycline against Haemophilus parasuis in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:706-718. [PMID: 29696661 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to establish optimal doses of doxycycline (dox) against Haemophilus parasuis on the basis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) integration modeling. The infected model was established by intranasal inoculation of organism in pigs and confirmed by clinical signs, blood biochemistry, and microscopic examinations. The recommended dose (20 mg/kg b.w.) was administered in pigs through intramuscular routes for PK studies. The area under the concentration 0- to 24-hr curve (AUC0-24 ), elimination half-life (T½ke ), and mean residence time (MRT) of dox in healthy and H. parasuis-infected pigs were 55.51 ± 5.72 versus 57.10 ± 4.89 μg·hr/ml, 8.28 ± 0.91 versus 9.80 ± 2.38 hr, and 8.43 ± 0.27 versus 8.79 ± 0.18 hr, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dox against 40 H. parasuis isolates was conducted through broth microdilution method, the corresponding MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.25 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The Ex vivo growth inhibition data suggested that dox exhibited a concentration-dependent killing mechanism. Based on the observed AUC24 hr /MIC values by modeling PK-PD data in H. parasuis-infected pigs, the doses predicted to obtain bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects for H. parasuis over 24 hr were 5.25, 8.55, and 10.37 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR), and 7.26, 13.82, and 18.17 mg/kg for 90% TAR, respectively. This study provided a more optimized alternative for clinical use and demonstrated that the dosage 20 mg/kg of dox by intramuscular administration could have an effective bactericidal activity against H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China.,College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - A Sajid
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Li
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China
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35
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Xu Y, Wen X, Feng X, Liang Z, Ye X, Nie H, Liao X, Li J, Zeng Y, Tang S, He J. Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics in swine of a florfenicol enteric formulation prepared using hot-melt extrusion technology. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:572-580. [PMID: 29500829 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to manufacture an enteric formulation of florfenicol (FF) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology and to evaluate its in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics. For the HME process, hypromellose acetate succinate LG (HPMCAS-LG) was the enteric polymer mixed with FF, and the two components were extruded with a standard screw configuration at a speed of 50 rpm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were performed to characterize the HME extrudate. The release percentage of the enteric formulation in the acidic stage was <10% of the loaded FF, whereas that in the phosphate buffer stage was >80%. Pharmacokinetic evaluations in swine revealed that the enteric formulation had a longer t1/2λ and MRT than commercially available FF powder (FULAIKA® ), indicating that the novel formulation exhibited enteric and sustained release properties. Compared with the commercial product, the relative bioavailability of the enteric formulation reached up to 117.2%. This study suggests that this formulation may have potential for future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Feng
- The Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Z Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Ye
- The Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - H Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S Tang
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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36
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Lei Z, Liu Q, Yang S, Yang B, Khaliq H, Li K, Ahmed S, Sajid A, Zhang B, Chen P, Qiu Y, Cao J, He Q. PK-PD Integration Modeling and Cutoff Value of Florfenicol against Streptococcus suis in Pigs. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:2. [PMID: 29387013 PMCID: PMC5776115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to establish optimal doses and provide an alternate COPD for florfenicol against Streptococcus suis based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration modeling. The recommended dose (30 mg/kg b.w.) were administered in healthy pigs through intramuscular and intravenous routes for pharmacokinetic studies. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax, AUC0-24h, AUC, Ke, t1/2ke, MRT, Tmax, and Clb, were estimated as 4.44 μg/ml, 88.85 μg⋅h/ml, 158.56 μg⋅h/ml, 0.048 h-1, 14.46 h, 26.11 h, 4 h and 0.185 L/h⋅kg, respectively. The bioavailability of florfenicol was calculated to be 99.14% after I.M administration. A total of 124 Streptococcus suis from most cities of China were isolated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of florfenicol. The MIC50 and MIC90 were calculated as 1 and 2 μg/ml. A serotype 2 Streptococcus suis (WH-2), with MIC value similar to MIC90, was selected as a representative for an in vitro and ex vivo pharmacodynamics study. The MIC values of WH-2 in TSB and plasma were 2 μg/ml, and the MBC/MIC ratios were 2 in TSB and plasma. The MPC was detected to be 3.2 μg/ml. According to inhibitory sigmoid Emax model, plasma AUC0-24h/MIC values of florfenicol versus Streptococcus suis were 37.89, 44.02, and 46.42 h for the bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and elimination activity, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations the optimal doses for bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and elimination effects were calculated as 16.5, 19.17, and 20.14 mg/kg b.w. for 50% target attainment rates (TAR), and 21.55, 25.02, and 26.85 mg/kg b.w. for 90% TAR, respectively. The PK-PD cutoff value (COPD) analyzed from MCS for florfenicol against Streptococcus suis was 1 μg/ml which could provide a sensitivity cutoff value. These results contributed an optimized alternative to clinical veterinary medicine and showed that the dose of 25.02 mg/kg florfenicol for 24 h could have a bactericidal action against Streptococcus suis after I.M administration. However, it should be validated in clinical practice in the future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaike Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haseeb Khaliq
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of lllinois at Urbana – Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdul Sajid
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Bingzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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37
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Ling Z, Yonghong L, Junfeng L, Li Z, Xianqiang L. Tilmicosin- and florfenicol-loaded hydrogenated castor oil-solid lipid nanoparticles to pigs: Combined antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetics. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:307-313. [PMID: 29139136 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The combined antibacterial effects of tilmicosin (TIL) and florfenicol (FF) against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) (n = 2), Streptococcus suis (S. suis) (n = 2), and Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) (n = 2) were evaluated by chekerboard test and time-kill assays. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of TIL- and FF-loaded hydrogenated castor oil (HCO)-solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were performed in healthy pigs. The results indicated that TIL and FF showed synergistic or additive antibacterial activities against APP, S. suis and HPS with the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) ranging from 0.375 to 0.75. The time-kill assays showed that 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) TIL combined with 1/2 MIC FF had a stronger ability to inhibit the growth of APP, S. suis, and HPS than 1 MIC TIL or 1 MIC FF, respectively. After oral administration, plasma TIL and FF concentrations could maintain about 0.1 μg/ml for 192 and 176 hr. The SLN prolonged the last time point with detectable concentrations (Tlast ), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t ), elimination half-life (T½ke ), and mean residence time (MRT) by 3.1, 5.6, 12.7, 3.4-fold of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of TIL and 11.8, 16.5, 18.1, 12.1-fold of the API of FF, respectively. This study suggests that the TIL-FF-SLN could be a useful oral formulation for the treatment of APP, S. suis, and HPS infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - L Yonghong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - L Junfeng
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Z Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - L Xianqiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
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38
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Yang J, Sun G, Qian M, Huang L, Ke X, Yang B. Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of florfenicol in animal feedstuffs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:9-14. [PMID: 29028619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An effective thin layer chromatography (TLC) purification procedure coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of florfenicol (FF) in pig, chicken and fish feedstuffs. The feedstuff samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, defatted with n-hexane saturated with acetonitrile, and further purified by TLC. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column using an isocratic procedure with acetonitrile-water (35:65, v/v) at 0.6mL/min. The ultraviolet (UV) detector was set at a wavelength of 225nm. The FF concentrations in feedstuff samples were quantified using a standard curve. Good linear correlations (y=159075x-15054, r>0.9999) were achieved within the concentration range of 0.05-200μg/mL. The recoveries of FF spiked at levels of 1, 100 and 1000μg/g ranged from 80.6% to 105.3% with the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 9.3%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.02 and 0.06mg/kg for pig feedstuffs, 0.02 and 0.07mg/kg for chicken feedstuffs, and 0.02 and 0.05mg/kg for fish feedstuffs, respectively. This reliable, simple and cost-effective method could be applied to the routine monitoring of FF in animal feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinJing Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - GuiZhi Sun
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, PR China.
| | - MingRong Qian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - LingLi Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - XianBing Ke
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, PR China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, PR China.
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Imran M, Fazal-e-Habib, Tawab A, Rauf W, Rahman M, Khan QM, Asi MR, Iqbal M. LC–MS/MS based method development for the analysis of florfenicol and its application to estimate relative distribution in various tissues of broiler chicken. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1063:163-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Qian MR, Wang QY, Yang H, Sun GZ, Ke XB, Huang LL, Gao JD, Yang JJ, Yang B. Diffusion-limited PBPK model for predicting pulmonary pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in pig. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:e30-e38. [PMID: 28568482 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For most bacterial lung infections, the concentration of unbound antimicrobial agent in lung interstitial fluid has been thought to be responsible for antimicrobial efficacy. In this study, a diffusion-limited physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict the pulmonary pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) in pigs. The model included separate compartments corresponding to blood, diffusion-limited lung, flow-limited muscle, liver, and kidney and an extra compartment representing the remaining carcass. The absorption rate constant and renal and hepatic clearance of FF were determined in vivo. Other parameters were taken from the literature or optimized based on existing pharmacokinetic data. All mathematical operations during the development of the model were performed using acslXtreme version 3.0.2.1 (Aegis Technologies Group, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA). The model accurately predicted the concentration-time courses of FF in lung interstitial fluid, serum, and plasma following different dosing schedules, except at the dose of 15 mg/kg. When compared with the tissue residue data, the model generally underestimated the FF concentration at the injection site, whereas it gave good predictions of FF concentrations in lung, liver, and kidney at early time points. The model predictions provide a scientific basis for the dosage regimen design of FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Qian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Y Wang
- Wuhan Agricultural School, Wuhan, China
| | - H Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Z Sun
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - X B Ke
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - L L Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/MOA Key Laboratory of Food Safety Evaluation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - J D Gao
- Wuhan Royal Veterinary Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - J J Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - B Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
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41
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Yang B, Gao JD, Cao XY, Wang QY, Sun GZ, Yang JJ. Lung microdialysis study of florfenicol in pigs after single intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:530-538. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector; Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering; Wuhan China
| | - J. D. Gao
- Wuhan Royal Veterinary Hospital; Wuhan China
| | - X. Y. Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | | | - G. Z. Sun
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector; Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering; Wuhan China
| | - J. J. Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector; Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering; Wuhan China
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42
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Activity of florfenicol for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida using standardised versus non-standardised methodology. Vet J 2016; 218:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Sparks JW, Karriker LA, Day DN, Wulf LW, Zhang J, Stock ML, Bates JL, Gehring R, Coetzee JF. Vaccination mitigates the impact of PRRSv infection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:363-369. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Sparks
- Swine Medicine Education Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - L. A. Karriker
- Swine Medicine Education Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - D. N. Day
- Swine Medicine Education Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - L. W. Wulf
- Pharmacology Analytical Support Team (PhAST); College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - J. Zhang
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - M. L. Stock
- Pharmacology Analytical Support Team (PhAST); College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - J. L. Bates
- Swine Medicine Education Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - R. Gehring
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Kansas State University; Manhattan KS USA
| | - J. F. Coetzee
- Pharmacology Analytical Support Team (PhAST); College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
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44
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Nasim A, Aslam B, Javed I, Ali A, Muhammad F, Raza A, Sindhu ZUD. Determination of florfenicol residues in broiler meat and liver samples using RP-HPLC with UV-visible detection. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1284-1288. [PMID: 25886128 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broilers are vulnerable to various types of microorganisms, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in multiple infections. Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs such as florfenicol (FF) are widely used in the treatment of such infections. Suspected residues of these drugs in body tissues of treated birds can be passed to humans through meat consumption and thus lead to serious ill effects on human health. The present study was designed to estimate the presence of FF residues in broiler meat and liver samples. RESULTS The mean residual concentrations of FF in broiler meat and liver samples were 311.42 ± 186.56 and 2585.44 ± 1759.71 µg kg(-1) respectively, which are higher than their respective maximum residual limits (MRLs). The results showed that 126 and 24 samples were FF-positive and FF-negative respectively. Of the positive samples, 84 and 42 samples were above and below the MRL respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicate the presence of FF residues in broiler meat and liver samples. Usage of this contaminated meat causes resistance in consumers and poses a public health threat. Thus there is a need to educate farmers about the ill effects of residual drugs on human health and their withdrawal times in poultry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Nasim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Javed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zia-ud-Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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45
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Mitchell SM, Ullman JL, Teel AL, Watts RJ. Hydrolysis of amphenicol and macrolide antibiotics: Chloramphenicol, florfenicol, spiramycin, and tylosin. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:504-11. [PMID: 25618189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics that enter the environment can present human and ecological health risks. An understanding of antibiotic hydrolysis rates is important for predicting their environmental persistence as biologically active contaminants. In this study, hydrolysis rates and Arrhenius constants were determined as a function of pH and temperature for two amphenicol (chloramphenicol and florfenicol) and two macrolide (spiramycin and tylosin) antibiotics. Antibiotic hydrolysis rates in pH 4-9 buffer solutions at 25°C, 50°C, and 60°C were quantified, and degradation products were characterized. All of the antibiotics tested remained stable and exhibited no observable hydrolysis under ambient conditions typical of aquatic ecosystems. Acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurred at elevated temperatures (50-60°C), and hydrolysis rates increased considerably below pH 5 and above pH 8. Hydrolysis rates also increased approximately 1.5- to 2.9-fold for each 10°C increase in temperature. Based on the degradation product masses found, the functional groups that underwent hydrolysis were alkyl fluoride, amide, and cyclic ester (lactone) moieties; some of the resultant degradation products may remain bioactive, but to a lesser extent than the parent compounds. The results of this research demonstrate that amphenicol and macrolide antibiotics persist in aquatic systems under ambient temperature and pH conditions typical of natural waters. Thus, these antibiotics may present a risk in aquatic ecosystems depending on the concentration present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Mitchell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, 405 Spokane Street, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ullman
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 110570, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Amy L Teel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, 405 Spokane Street, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Richard J Watts
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, 405 Spokane Street, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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46
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Gajda A, Bladek T, Jablonski A, Posyniak A. The influence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
infection on tulathromycin pharmacokinetics and lung tissue disposition in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 39:176-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Veterinary Research Institute; Pulawy Poland
| | - T. Bladek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Veterinary Research Institute; Pulawy Poland
| | - A. Jablonski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Veterinary Research Institute; Pulawy Poland
- Department of Swine Diseases; National Veterinary Research Institute; Pulawy Poland
| | - A. Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Veterinary Research Institute; Pulawy Poland
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47
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Botelho RG, Christofoletti CA, Correia JE, Ansoar Y, Olinda RA, Tornisielo VL. Genotoxic responses of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to florfenicol and oxytetracycline. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 132:206-212. [PMID: 25898970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FLC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) are the two most commonly used antibiotics for bacterial treatment in fish farming in Brazil, and because of their intensive use, the potential harmful effects on aquatic organisms are of great concern. This study evaluated the effects of environmental concentrations of FLC and OTC on the genetic material of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) erythrocytes by using the comet assay and the occurrence of micronuclei (MN) and other erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) after exposure to 96hour. The comet assay showed that fish erythrocytes exhibited significantly higher DNA damage after exposure to environmental concentrations of FLC and OTC. Although MN was not observed, ENAs were significantly higher after exposure to FLC, indicating that ENAs are a better biomarker for FLC than MN. The results showed that environmental concentrations of FLC and OTC were genotoxic to erythrocytes of O. niloticus; however, future studies on DNA damage recovery are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Botelho
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - CENA/USP, Avenida Centenário, 303, São Dimas, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416-000, Brazil.
| | - C A Christofoletti
- Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto - FHO/UNIARARAS, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil.
| | - J E Correia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Avenida 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Y Ansoar
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Avenida 24 A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - R A Olinda
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Campus I - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Estatística, Avenida das Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58101-001, Brazil.
| | - V L Tornisielo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - CENA/USP, Avenida Centenário, 303, São Dimas, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13416-000, Brazil.
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48
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Rottbøll LAH, Skovgaard K, Barington K, Jensen HE, Friis C. Intrabronchial Microdialysis: Effects of Probe Localization on Tissue Trauma and Drug Penetration into the Pulmonary Epithelial Lining Fluid. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:242-50. [PMID: 25827198 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent intrabronchial microdialysis data indicate that the respiratory epithelium is highly permeable to drugs. Of concern is whether intrabronchial microdialysis disrupts the integrity of the respiratory epithelium and thereby alters drug penetration into the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intrabronchial microdialysis on the integrity of the bronchial epithelium. Microdialysis sampling in PELF in proximal (n = 4) and distal bronchi (n = 4) was performed after intravenous inulin and florfenicol administration in anaesthetized pigs. Inulin was used as a marker molecule of permeability of the epithelium, and florfenicol was used as test drug. Bronchial tissue was examined by histopathology (distal and proximal bronchi) and gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR, proximal bronchi) at the termination of the experiment (6.5 hr). The microdialysis probe caused overt tissue trauma in distal bronchi, whereas no histopathological lesions were observed in proximal bronchi. A moderate up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B, IL6 and acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A was seen in proximal bronchi surrounding the microdialysis probes suggesting initiation of an inflammatory response. The observed up-regulation is considered to have limited impact on drug penetration during short-term studies. Inulin penetrated the respiratory epithelium in both proximal and distal bronchi without any correlation to histopathological lesions. Likewise, florfenicol penetration into PELF was unaffected by bronchial histopathology. However, this independency of pathology on drug penetration may not be valid for other antibiotics. We conclude that short-term microdialysis drug quantification can be performed in proximal bronchi without disruption of tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristiane Barington
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Elvang Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Friis
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Geng ZX, Li HM, Tian J, Liu TF, Yu ZG. Study of pharmacokinetics of an in situ forming gel system for controlled delivery of florfenicol in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 38:596-600. [PMID: 25771961 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To reduce florfenicol (FFC) administration frequency in veterinary use, the drug was currently developed into in situ forming gel. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups (six pigs per group). A single i.m. dose of 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given to pigs, group one was given FFC in situ forming gel, and group two was given FFC conventional injection. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine FFC plasma concentrations. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between FFC in situ forming gel and conventional injection, in pharmacokinetic parameters MRT (mean retention time) (57.79 ± 2.88) h versus (15.94 ± 1.29) h, AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) (421.54 ± 8.97) μg·h/mL versus (168.16 ± 4.59) μg·h/mL, tmax (time of occurrence of cmax ) (9.00 ± 2.68) h versus (4.33 ± 0.82) h, cmax (maximum plasma concentration) (6.87 ± 0.66) μg/mL versus (12.01 ± 0.66) μg/mL, t1/2λz (terminal elimination half-life) (38.04 ± 2.20) h versus (9.15 ± 2.71) h. The results demonstrated that the in situ forming gel system could shorten dosing interval of FFC and thus achieved less frequent administration during long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-X Geng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H-M Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - T-F Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Z-G Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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50
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Xu M, Qian M, Zhang H, Ma J, Wang J, Wu H. Simultaneous determination of florfenicol with its metabolite based on modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample pretreatment and evaluation of their degradation behavior in agricultural soils. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:211-7. [PMID: 25395188 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple and simultaneous method for the determination of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in agricultural soils using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample pretreatment and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is presented. Florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine residues in agricultural soils were extracted with alkalized acetonitrile and an aliquot was cleaned up with Si(CH2)3NH(CH2)2NH2 and C18 sorbent, which were powder materials. High-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to simultaneously determine the level of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in agricultural soils. Excellent linearity was achieved for florfenicol and florfenicol amine over a range of concentrations from 0.1-500 μg/L with coefficients more than 0.99. Average recoveries at four different levels (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg) for florfenicol and florfenicol amine ranged from 73.6-94.9% with relative standard deviations of 2.9-12.5%. The limits of detection for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in agricultural soils were 2.0 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 6.0 μg/kg. Based on this method, the degradation behavior of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in three soils (Nanchang, Hangzhou, and Changchun) under sterilized and native conditions was investigated and the transformation rate of florfenicol amine from florfenicol was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, China
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