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Zhou K, Sun L, Zhang X, Xu X, Mi K, Ma W, Zhang L, Huang L. Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1176317. [PMID: 37303797 PMCID: PMC10249997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1176317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Typhoid fever and enteritis caused by Salmonella enterica are associated with 16-33 million infections and 500,000 to 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. The eradication of Salmonella is becoming increasingly difficult because of its remarkable capacity to counter antimicrobial agents. In addition to the intrinsic and acquired resistance of Salmonella, increasing studies indicated that its non-inherited resistance, which commonly mentioned as biofilms and persister cells, plays a critical role in refractory infections and resistance evolution. These remind the urgent demand for new therapeutic strategies against Salmonella. This review starts with escape mechanisms of Salmonella against antimicrobial agents, with particular emphasis on the roles of the non-inherited resistance in antibiotic failure and resistance evolution. Then, drug design or therapeutic strategies that show impressive effects in overcoming Salmonella resistance and tolerance are summarized completely, such as overcoming the barrier of outer membrane by targeting MlaABC system, reducing persister cells by limiting hydrogen sulfide, and applying probiotics or predatory bacteria. Meanwhile, according to the clinical practice, the advantages and disadvantages of above strategies are discussed. Finally, we further analyze how to deal with this tricky problems, thus can promote above novel strategies to be applied in the clinic as soon as possible. We believed that this review will be helpful in understanding the relationships between tolerance phenotype and resistance of Salmonella as well as the efficient control of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangyue Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Mi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjin Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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The Clinical Implication of Serogroup Distribution and Drug Resistance of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Children: A Single Center Study in Southern Taiwan during 2004-2019. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9091403. [PMID: 36138712 PMCID: PMC9497768 DOI: 10.3390/children9091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: A regional antibiotic susceptibility database of certain pathogens is crucial for first-line physicians in terms of providing clinical judgement and appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study is to update the epidemiological data of Salmonella serogroups and drug resistance in pediatric patients. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study enrolling patients aged from 0 to 18 years who were hospitalized with cultured proven non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection from 2004 to 2019. The isolates were collected and the demographic data, serogroups of Salmonella and antimicrobial susceptibilities were further analyzed. Results: A total of 1583 isolates of NTS were collected. Serogroup C2 was prone to cause invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis (iNTS), especially bacteremia. Patients aged < 2 years were associated with serogroups B and C2 infection, while those aged ≥ 2 years were associated with serogroups D and E infection. The prevalence of serogroup B declined with simultaneous increase in prevalence of serogroups D and E. Serogroups B and E were associated with ceftriaxone resistance, while Serogroup D was less drug-resistant than the others. The prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella had not increased, although more ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were found in iNTS infection. Conclusions: Age < 2 years is a risk factor of iNTS for children, and the distribution of serogroup changes should be closely monitored. Ceftriaxone is still the drug of choice for treating pediatric iNTS infection, and although no increase was observed in the prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant strains in this study, continuing surveillance of such cases is warranted.
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Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081079. [PMID: 36009947 PMCID: PMC9404765 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A global problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria is the cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. In response to the significant increase of MDR bacteria, legislative measures have widely been taken to limit or eliminate the use of antibiotics, including in the form of feed additives for livestock, but also in metaphylaxis and its treatment, which was the subject of EU Regulation in 2019/6. Numerous studies have documented that bacteria use both phenotypis and gentic strategies enabling a natural defence against antibiotics and the induction of mechanisms in increasing resistance to the used antibacterial chemicals. The mechanisms presented in this review developed by the bacteria have a significant impact on reducing the ability to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals. Moreover, the high prevalence of multi-resistant strains in the environment and the ease of transmission of drug-resistance genes between the different bacterial species including commensal flora and pathogenic like foodborne pathogens (E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp.) favor the rapid spread of multi-resistance among bacteria in humans and animals. Given the global threat posed by the widespread phenomenon of multi-drug resistance among bacteria which are dangerous for humans and animals, the subject of this study is the presentation of the mechanisms of resistance in most frequent bacteria called as “foodborne pathoges” isolated from human and animals. In order to present the significance of the global problem related to multi-drug resistance among selected pathogens, especially those danger to humans, the publication also presents statistical data on the percentage range of occurrence of drug resistance among selected bacteria in various regions of the world. In addition to the phenotypic characteristics of pathogen resistance, this review also presents detailed information on the detection of drug resistance genes for specific groups of antibiotics. It should be emphasized that the manuscript also presents the results of own research i.e., Campylobacter spp., E. coli or Enetrococcus spp. This subject and the presentation of data on the risks of drug resistance among bacteria will contribute to initiating research in implementing the prevention of drug resistance and the development of alternatives for antimicrobials methods of controlling bacteria.
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A Ternary Copper (II) Complex with 4-Fluorophenoxyacetic Acid Hydrazide in Combination with Antibiotics Exhibits Positive Synergistic Effect against Salmonella Typhimurium. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030388. [PMID: 35326852 PMCID: PMC8944508 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. continues to figure prominently in world epidemiological registries as one of the leading causes of bacterial foodborne disease. We characterised 43 Brazilian lineages of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) strains, characterized drug resistance patterns, tested copper (II) complex as control options, and proposed effective antimicrobial measures. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated for seven antimicrobials, isolated and combined with the copper (II) complex [Cu(4-FH)(phen)(ClO4)2] (4-FH = 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid hydrazide and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), known as DRI-12, in planktonic and sessile ST. In parallel, 42 resistance genes were screened (PCR/microarray). All strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). Resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins (86 and 88%, respectively) have drawn attention to the emergence of the problem in Brazil, and resistance is observed also to CIP and CFT (42 and 67%, respectively), the drugs of choice in treatment. Resistance to beta-lactams was associated with the genes blaTEM/blaCTX-M in 39% of the strains. Lower concentrations of DRI-12 (62.7 mg/L, or 100 μM) controlled planktonic and sessile ST in relation to AMP/SUL/TET and AMP/SUL/TET/COL, respectively. The synergistic effect provided by DRI-12 was significant for COL/CFT and COL/AMP in planktonic and sessile ST, respectively, and represents promising alternatives for the control of MDR ST.
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Carroll LM, Buehler AJ, Gaballa A, Siler JD, Cummings KJ, Cheng RA, Wiedmann M. Monitoring the Microevolution of Salmonella enterica in Healthy Dairy Cattle Populations at the Individual Farm Level Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:763669. [PMID: 34733267 PMCID: PMC8558520 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.763669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock represent a possible reservoir for facilitating the transmission of the zoonotic foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica to humans; there is also concern that strains can acquire resistance to antimicrobials in the farm environment. Here, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize Salmonella strains (n = 128) isolated from healthy dairy cattle and their associated environments on 13 New York State farms to assess the diversity and microevolution of this important pathogen at the level of the individual herd. Additionally, the accuracy and concordance of multiple in silico tools are assessed, including: (i) two in silico serotyping tools, (ii) combinations of five antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinant detection tools and one to five AMR determinant databases, and (iii) one antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) prediction tool. For the isolates sequenced here, in silico serotyping methods outperformed traditional serotyping and resolved all un-typable and/or ambiguous serotype assignments. Serotypes assigned in silico showed greater congruency with the Salmonella whole-genome phylogeny than traditional serotype assignments, and in silico methods showed high concordance (99% agreement). In silico AMR determinant detection methods additionally showed a high degree of concordance, regardless of the pipeline or database used (≥98% agreement among susceptible/resistant assignments for all pipeline/database combinations). For AMR detection methods that relied exclusively on nucleotide BLAST, accuracy could be maximized by using a range of minimum nucleotide identity and coverage thresholds, with thresholds of 75% nucleotide identity and 50-60% coverage adequate for most pipeline/database combinations. In silico characterization of the microevolution and AMR dynamics of each of six serotype groups (S. Anatum, Cerro, Kentucky, Meleagridis, Newport, Typhimurium/Typhimurium variant Copenhagen) revealed that some lineages were strongly associated with individual farms, while others were distributed across multiple farms. Numerous AMR determinant acquisition and loss events were identified, including the recent acquisition of cephalosporin resistance-conferring bla CMY- and bla CTX-M-type beta-lactamases. The results presented here provide high-resolution insight into the temporal dynamics of AMR Salmonella at the scale of the individual farm and highlight both the strengths and limitations of WGS in tracking zoonotic pathogens and their associated AMR determinants at the livestock-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ariel J. Buehler
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ahmed Gaballa
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Julie D. Siler
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Cummings
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rachel A. Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Sheedy DB, Okello E, Williams DR, Precht K, Cella E, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Effect of Antimicrobial Treatment on the Dynamics of Ceftiofur Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from Adult California Dairy Cows. Microorganisms 2021; 9:828. [PMID: 33919743 PMCID: PMC8070714 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy farm use of antimicrobial drugs (AMD) is a risk for the selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); however, these resistance dynamics are not fully understood. A cohort study on two dairy farms enrolled 96 cows with their fecal samples collected three times weekly, for the first 60 days in milk. Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated by spiral plating samples onto MacConkey agar impregnated with 0, 1, 8, 16 and 30 µg/mL ceftiofur. Negative binomial regression analyzed AMR over time. The continuum of ceftiofur concentrations permitted estimation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and analysis using interval regression. The most common systemic AMD was ceftiofur, administered in 94% of treatments (15/16 cows). Enterobacteriaceae did not grow in 88% of samples collected from non-AMD treated cows at 8 µg/mL ceftiofur. Samples from AMD treated cows had peak counts of resistant Enterobacteriaceae during AMD treatment and returned to baseline counts by 3-4 days post-treatment at 8 µg/mL. Sensitive Enterobacteriaceae (0-1 µg/mL ceftiofur) were reduced below pre-treated levels for 29-35 days post-AMD treatment. Population MIC peaked during AMD treatment and returned to baseline levels by 7-8 days. We conclude that the effect of systemic ceftiofur on the resistance of Enterobacteriaceae in early lactation dairy cows was limited in duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Sheedy
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 95616, USA
| | - Deniece R. Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Katie Precht
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Elisa Cella
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Terry W. Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sharif S. Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (D.B.S.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (K.P.); (E.C.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 95616, USA
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Carroll LM, Huisman JS, Wiedmann M. Twentieth-century emergence of antimicrobial resistant human- and bovine-associated Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium lineages in New York State. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14428. [PMID: 32879348 PMCID: PMC7467927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) boasts a broad host range and can be transmitted between livestock and humans. While members of this serotype can acquire resistance to antimicrobials, the temporal dynamics of this acquisition is not well understood. Using New York State (NYS) and its dairy cattle farms as a model system, 87 S. Typhimurium strains isolated from 1999 to 2016 from either human clinical or bovine-associated sources in NYS were characterized using whole-genome sequencing. More than 91% of isolates were classified into one of four major lineages, two of which were largely susceptible to antimicrobials but showed sporadic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene acquisition, and two that were largely multidrug-resistant (MDR). All four lineages clustered by presence and absence of elements in the pan-genome. The two MDR lineages, one of which resembled S. Typhimurium DT104, were predicted to have emerged circa 1960 and 1972. The two largely susceptible lineages emerged earlier, but showcased sporadic AMR determinant acquisition largely after 1960, including acquisition of cephalosporin resistance-conferring genes after 1985. These results confine the majority of AMR acquisition events in NYS S. Typhimurium to the twentieth century, largely within the era of antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jana S Huisman
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Elnekave E, Hong SL, Lim S, Johnson TJ, Perez A, Alvarez J. Comparing serotyping with whole-genome sequencing for subtyping of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica: a large-scale analysis of 37 serotypes with a public health impact in the USA. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000425. [PMID: 32845830 PMCID: PMC7643971 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotyping has traditionally been used for subtyping of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates. However, its discriminatory power is limited, which impairs its use for epidemiological investigations of source attribution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis allows more accurate subtyping of strains. However, because of the relative newness and cost of routine WGS, large-scale studies involving NTS WGS are still rare. We aimed to revisit the big picture of subtyping NTS with a public health impact by using traditional serotyping (i.e. reaction between antisera and surface antigens) and comparing the results with those obtained using WGS. For this purpose, we analysed 18 282 sequences of isolates belonging to 37 serotypes with a public health impact that were recovered in the USA between 2006 and 2017 from multiple sources, and were available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed for each serotype using the core genome for the identification of genetic subpopulations. We demonstrated that WGS-based subtyping allows better identification of sources potentially linked with human infection and emerging subpopulations, along with providing information on the risk of dissemination of plasmids and acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (AARGs). In addition, by reconstructing a phylogenetic tree with representative isolates from all serotypes (n=370), we demonstrated genetic variability within and between serotypes, which formed monophyletic, polyphyletic and paraphyletic clades. Moreover, we found (in the entire data set) an increased detection rate for AARGs linked to key antimicrobials (such as quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins) over time. The outputs of this large-scale analysis reveal new insights into the genetic diversity within and between serotypes; the polyphyly and paraphyly of certain serotypes may suggest that the subtyping of NTS to serotypes may not be sufficient. Moreover, the results and the methods presented here, leading to differentiation between genetic subpopulations based on their potential risk to public health, as well as narrowing down the possible sources of these infections, may be used as a baseline for subtyping of future NTS infections and help efforts to mitigate and prevent infections in the USA and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Elnekave
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samuel L. Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seunghyun Lim
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andres Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Crecencio RB, Brisola MC, Bitner D, Frigo A, Rampazzo L, Borges KA, Furian TQ, Salle CTP, Moraes HLS, Faria GA, Da Silva AS, Stefani LM. Antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation and genetic profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken meat. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 84:104355. [PMID: 32389829 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is the number one exporter of chicken meat, and this industry maintains constant microbiological vigilance. The objective of this study was to characterize the pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the profile of biofilm production of Escherchia coli strains isolated from raw refrigerated cuts of chicken meat sold in retail markets of the four largest poultry companies in Brazil. We collected 150 samples of chicken meat, in order to isolate E. coli and performed susceptibility tests (to amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole). In addition, the disc approximation test to detect extended spectrum beta-lactamases enzymes (ESBLs) producers was performed. E. coli ability to form biofilm was checked using polystyrene microplates. We also searched for ESBLs genes (blaCTY-M2, blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M2, blaOXA-1, blaPSE-1 and AmpC) and adhesion genes (sfa/foc, afa/draB, iha, hrla, fimC, tsh, papC, mat, cr1, felA, fimH and papG) in ESBL-E. coli producers and in those E. coli classified as strongly biofilm formers, respectively. The overall percentage of E. coli isolation was 58.66%, with brand A having the highest percentage (70%), followed by brands D, B and C (60, 53.3 and 50%, respectively). The highest resistance profile was observed for beta-lactams (39.5%), followed by sulfonamide associated to trimethoprim (36.9%) and polymyxin (33.4%). Of the isolates obtained, 77% were non-susceptible to at least one antimicrobial. Brand A showed the highest overall percentage of resistance with 95.23%, followed by brands C (80%), B (75%) and D (69.44%). Overall, 73.86% of the isolates were non susceptible to at least one antibiotic and 36.3% were multiresistants. A total of 17.04% of E. coli strains were identified as ESBLs producers and 70.44% were able to form biofilms (moderate-to-strong). The blaTEM-1 gene was the most prevalent (73.33%), followed by blaSHV-1 (46.66%) and blaCMY-2 (6%). Of the 31 strongly biofilm-forming strains, 26 (83.87%), 24 (77.41%) and 20 (64.51%) expressed fimC, papG and crl genes, respectively. Taken together, our results show that Brazilian chicken meat can be contaminated with E. coli that are non-susceptible to multiple antibiotics, able to form biofilm and showing a diverse repertoire of adhesins linked to pathogenicity depending on the brand evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane B Crecencio
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC-Oeste), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiara C Brisola
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC-Oeste), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Dinael Bitner
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC-Oeste), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Angélica Frigo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC-Oeste), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Luana Rampazzo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC-Oeste), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Karen A Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thales Q Furian
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos T P Salle
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia A Faria
- Laboratory of Applied Statistics, Department of Mathematics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC-Oeste), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Lenita M Stefani
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC-Oeste), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Li MM, Ray P, Teets C, Pruden A, Xia K, Knowlton KF. Short communication: Increasing temperature and pH can facilitate reductions of cephapirin and antibiotic resistance genes in dairy manure slurries. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2877-2882. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Makinde OM, Ayeni KI, Sulyok M, Krska R, Adeleke RA, Ezekiel CN. Microbiological safety of ready‐to‐eat foods in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A comprehensive 10‐year (2009 to 2018) review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:703-732. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA–Tulln)Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro‐Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Tulln Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA–Tulln)Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro‐Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Tulln Austria
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University Belfast Belfast United Kingdom
| | - Rasheed A. Adeleke
- Department of MicrobiologyNorth‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Department of MicrobiologyBabcock University Ilishan Remo Nigeria
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA–Tulln)Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro‐Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Tulln Austria
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12
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Bir C, Widmar NO, Thompson NM, Townsend J, Wolf CA. US respondents' willingness to pay for Cheddar cheese from dairy cattle with different pasture access, antibiotic use, and dehorning practices. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3234-3249. [PMID: 32008783 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cheese is a widely consumed product in American diets and an important economic driver of US dairy markets. Given the widespread interest in credence attributes of fluid dairy products, the lack of knowledge of demand for animal welfare, environmental, and other credence attributes in cheeses is surprising. Increasing attention surrounding dairy cattle welfare has been placed on the disbudding or dehorning of dairy cattle, in addition to the longer term debates surrounding pasture access and antibiotic use. This work estimates willingness to pay for these attributes of dairy cattle management systems for Cheddar cheese in a nationally representative sample of 749 US household members. Ninety percent of respondents indicated they or someone in their household consumed cheese in the last year. Higher proportions of respondents with children in the household purchased cheese of any kind. Respondents had positive willingness to pay for Cheddar cheese that had the following attributes: USDA-, retailer-, and industry-verified antibiotic use not permitted, required pasture access, and dehorning with pain relief as well as polled (when compared with dehorning without pain relief). As dairy producers face tighter margins and shifting consumer preferences, increasing attention on consumer preferences for cheese may aid in increasing profitability if demanded attributes can be profitability provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Bir
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
| | - Nicole Olynk Widmar
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Nathanael M Thompson
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jonathan Townsend
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Christopher A Wolf
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Elnekave E, Hong S, Mather AE, Boxrud D, Taylor AJ, Lappi V, Johnson TJ, Vannucci F, Davies P, Hedberg C, Perez A, Alvarez J. Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,[5],12:i:- in Swine in the United States Midwest: An Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Clade. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:877-885. [PMID: 29069323 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-, a worldwide emerging pathogen that causes many food-borne outbreaks mostly attributed to pig and pig products, is expanding in the United States. Methods Whole-genome sequencing was applied to conduct multiple comparisons of 659 S. 4,[5],12:i:- and 325 Salmonella Typhimurium from different sources and locations (ie, the United States and Europe) to assess their genetic heterogeneity, with a focus on strains recovered from swine in the US Midwest. In addition, the presence of resistance genes and other virulence factors was detected and the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of 50 and 22 isolates of livestock and human origin, respectively, was determined. Results The S. 4,5,12:i:- strains formed two main clades regardless of their source and geographic origin. Most (84%) of the US isolates recovered in 2014-2016, including those (48 of 51) recovered from swine in the US Midwest, were part of an emerging clade. In this clade, multiple genotypic resistance determinants were predominant, including resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Phenotypic resistance to enrofloxacin (11 of 50) and ceftiofur (9 of 50) was found in conjunction with the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance genes (qnrB19/qnrB2/qnrS1 and blaCMY-2/blaSHV-12, respectively). Higher similarity was also found between S. 4,[5],12:i:- from the emerging clade and S. Typhimurium from Europe than with S. Typhimurium from the United States. Conclusions Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- currently circulating in swine in the US Midwest are likely to be part of an emerging multidrug-resistant clade first reported in Europe, and can carry plasmid-mediated resistance genes that may be transmitted horizontally to other bacteria, and thus may represent a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Elnekave
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
| | - Samuel Hong
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
| | - Alison E Mather
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
| | - Fabio Vannucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
| | - Peter Davies
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
| | - Craig Hedberg
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Andres Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
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Epidemiological significance of poultry litter for spreading the antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s004393391600043x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Circulation of Plasmids Harboring Resistance Genes to Quinolones and/or Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Multiple Salmonella enterica Serotypes from Swine in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02602-18. [PMID: 30745386 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02602-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) poses a major public health risk worldwide that is amplified by the existence of antimicrobial-resistant strains, especially those resistant to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC). Little is known on the dissemination of plasmids harboring the acquired genetic determinants that confer resistance to these antimicrobials across NTS serotypes from livestock in the United States. NTS isolates (n = 183) from U.S. swine clinical cases retrieved during 2014 to 2016 were selected for sequencing based on their phenotypic resistance to enrofloxacin (quinolone) or ceftiofur (3rd-generation cephalosporin). De novo assemblies were used to identify chromosomal mutations and acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (AARGs). In addition, plasmids harboring AARGs were identified using short-read assemblies and characterized using a multistep approach that was validated by long-read sequencing. AARGs to quinolones [qnrB15, qnrB19, qnrB2, qnrD, qnrS1, qnrS2, and aac(6')Ib-cr] and ESC (bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-27, and bla SHV-12) were distributed across serotypes and were harbored by several plasmids. In addition, chromosomal mutations associated with resistance to quinolones were identified in the target enzyme and efflux pump regulation genes. The predominant plasmid harboring the prevalent qnrB19 gene was distributed across serotypes. It was identical to a plasmid previously reported in S. enterica serovar Anatum from swine in the United States (GenBank accession number KY991369.1) and similar to Escherichia coli plasmids from humans in South America (GenBank accession numbers GQ374157.1 and JN979787.1). Our findings suggest that plasmids harboring AARGs encoding mechanisms of resistance to critically important antimicrobials are present in multiple NTS serotypes circulating in swine in the United States and can contribute to resistance expansion through horizontal transmission.
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Brisola MC, Crecencio RB, Bitner DS, Frigo A, Rampazzo L, Stefani LM, Faria GA. Escherichia coli used as a biomarker of antimicrobial resistance in pig farms of Southern Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:362-368. [PMID: 30081373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify the presence of antimicrobial resistant strains of Escherichia coli in pig farms and to use it as a biomarker to evaluate phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as the presence of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and fluoroquinolone resistance genes. Several samples (n = 306) collected from swine farms (n = 100) of Southern Brazil were used for E. coli isolation: 103 of swine feces, 105 of water, and 98 of soil. E. coli isolates were submitted to the disk-diffusion test to verify their antimicrobial susceptibility, to disk-approximation test to detect ESBL-producers, and to PCR analysis to search for ESBLs genes (blaCTY-M2, blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M2, blaOXA-1, blaPSE-1) and quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB and qnrS). The percentage of E. coli isolates found in feces, water and soil samples was 66.02%, 30.48% and 35.71%, respectively. The highest percentages of resistance were obtained for sulfamethoxazole associated with trimethoprim (63.70%), colistin (45.19%) and enrofloxacin (39.26%). Regarding the levels of multidrug resistance, 37.04% of the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials. The most common profile (16%) of multirresistance was GEM-SUT-ENO-COL. The index of multiple resistance to antimicrobials (IRMA) was above 0.2 in 78% of the multiresistant isolates. Out of 135 E. coli isolates, 7.41% was ESBL-producers, of which 50% showed the blaCMY-M2 gene, 40% the blaTEM-1 and 70% the qnrS gene. Of non-ESBL-producing strains resistant to enrofloxacin, 13.04% were positives for qnrS gene. These results demonstrated the presence of fecal contamination in the environment, in addition to high resistance indexes for several antimicrobials, including beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones, which was confirmed by the genetic detection of ESBLs and qnr genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Cristiane Brisola
- Post Graduation Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Western Center of Education, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Regiane Boaretto Crecencio
- Post Graduation Program in Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Western Center of Education, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Dinael Simão Bitner
- Graduate in Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Western Center of Education, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Angélica Frigo
- Graduate in Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Western Center of Education, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luana Rampazzo
- Graduate in Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Western Center of Education, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lenita Moura Stefani
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Western Center of Education, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Amorim Faria
- Department of Mathematics, Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lalruatdiki A, Dutta TK, Roychoudhury P, Subudhi PK. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing multidrug resistance Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Klebsiella pneumoniae in pig population of Assam and Meghalaya, India. Vet World 2018; 11:868-873. [PMID: 30034183 PMCID: PMC6048086 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.868-873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study was conducted to record the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae from pig population of Assam and Meghalaya and to record the ability of the resistant bacteria to transfer the resistance genes horizontally. Materials and Methods Fecal samples (n=228), collected from pigs of Assam (n=99) and Meghalaya (n=129), were processed for isolation and identification of E. coli and Salmonella spp. All the isolates were tested for ESBLs production by double disc synergy test (DDST) followed by screening for ESBLs producing genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaCMY) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Possible transfer of resistance encoding genes between enteric bacterial species was carried out by in vitro and in vivo horizontal gene transfer (HGT) method. Results A total of 897 enteric bacteria (867 E. coli and 30 Salmonella) were isolated and identified. Altogether 25.41% isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by DDST method. Majority of the isolates were E. coli followed by Salmonella. By PCR, 9.03% isolates were found positive for at least one of the target resistance genes. blaSHV was absent in all the isolates. blaCMY was the most prevalent gene. All the E. coli isolates from Assam were negative for blaTEM. A total of 2.76% isolates were positive for blaTEM + blaCMY. On the other hand, 0.67% isolates were positive for blaCTX-M + blaCMY genes. Only 0.33% isolates carried all the three genes. Altogether, 4.68% bacteria carried the resistance encoding genes in their plasmids. blaTEM gene could be successfully transferred from Salmonella (donor) to E. coli (recipient) by in vitro (5.5-5.7×10-5) and in vivo (6.5×10-5 to 8.8×10-4) methods. In vivo method was more effective than in vitro in the transfer of resistance genes. Conclusion The pig population of Assam and Meghalaya are carrying multidrug resistance and ESBLs producing E. coli and Salmonella. The isolates are also capable to transfer their resistance trait to other bacterial species by HGT. The present finding could be considered as a serious public health concern as similar trait can also be transmitted to the human commensal bacteria as well as pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lalruatdiki
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl - 796 014, Mizoram, India
| | - T K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl - 796 014, Mizoram, India
| | - P Roychoudhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl - 796 014, Mizoram, India
| | - P K Subudhi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl - 796 014, Mizoram, India
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Peek SF, Mcguirk SM, Sweeney RW, Cummings KJ. Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract. REBHUN'S DISEASES OF DAIRY CATTLE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7152230 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-39055-2.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Holschbach
- Large Animal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, UW-School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Simon F Peek
- Department of Medical Sciences, UW-School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Giuriatti J, Stefani LM, Brisola MC, Crecencio RB, Bitner DS, Faria GA. Salmonella Heidelberg: Genetic profile of its antimicrobial resistance related to extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Microb Pathog 2017; 109:195-199. [PMID: 28578094 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial susceptibility and the possible involvement of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in the resistance profile of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) isolated from chicken meat. We used 18 SH isolates from chicken meat produced in 2013 in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. The isolates were submitted to disk-diffusion tests and from these results it was possible to determine the number of isolates considered multiresistant and the index of multiple antimicrobial resistance (IRMA) against ten antimicrobials routinely used in human and veterinary medicine. It was considered multidrug resistant the isolate that showed resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Another test performed was the disc-approximation in order to investigate interposed zones of inhibition, indicative of ESBLs production. In the isolates that presented multidrug resistance (18/18), a search of resistance genes involved in the production of ESBLs was performed using PCR: blaCMY-2, blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M2, blaOXA-1, blaPSE-1 and AmpC. The overall antimicrobial resistance was 80.55%. The highest levels of resistance were observed for nalidixic acid and ceftiofur (100%). The most commonly resistance pattern found (42.1%) was A (penicillin-cephalosporin-quinolone-tetracycline). The results were negative for ghost zone formation, indicative of ESBLs. However, PCR technique was able to detect resistance genes via ESBLs where the blaTEM-1 gene showed the highest amplification (83.33%), and the second most prevalent genes were blaCMY-2 (38.88%) and AmpC gene (38.88%). The blaOXA-1 and blaPSE-1 genes were not detected. These results are certainly of concern since SH is becoming more prevalent in the South of Brazil and able to cause severe disease in immune compromised individuals, showing high antimicrobial resistance to those drugs routinely used in the treatment and control of human and animal salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Giuriatti
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Lenita Moura Stefani
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Maiara Cristina Brisola
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Regiane Boaretto Crecencio
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Dinael Simão Bitner
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Amorim Faria
- Department of Mathematics, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
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Abduljabba A, Reyadh Med A. Prevalence of Some Antimicrobials Resistance Associated-genes in Salmonella typhi Isolated from Patients Infected with Typhoid Fever. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2017.171.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Eka Widjay F, Retnani Y, Hermana W. Evaluation of Piper betle L. Aqueous Extract on Salmonella sp. Isolates from Small Intestine of Quails. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2017.62.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Bermúdez PM, Pulecio SL, Suárez MC. Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de aislamientos de Salmonella enterica provenientes de pisos, equipos, utensilios y producto terminado en el beneficio porcino en Colombia. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v63n1.56903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>La diseminación de aislamientos de Salmonella spp resistentes a antimicrobianos, a través de las cadenas productivas de alimentos de origen animal, es una preocupación de salud pública de carácter mundial. Éste estudio describe los patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana de 283 aislamientos de Salmonella enterica procedentes de plantas de beneficio porcino en Colombia. Se evaluó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana frente a diez antimicrobianos: amoxacilina-ácido clavulánico (30 ug), ampicilina(10 ug), ceftiofur (30 ug), ciprofloxacina (5 ug), cloranfenicol (30 ug), florfenicol (30 ug), gentamicina (10 ug), sulfadiazina/trimetroprim (25 ug), tetraciclina (30 ug) y tilmicosina (15 ug) mediante el método de difusión en disco (Bauer & Kirby, 1966). Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de 279 aislamientos multiresistentes de Salmonella enterica de origen porcino provenientes del ambiente y producto terminado de las plantas de beneficio evaluadas (46.64% n: 132). Se detectaron 52 patrones de multiresistencia, el más común fue ceftiofur-tetraciclina-tilmicosina en el 9,89% (n: 28) de los aislamientos. Con referencia a éstos antimicrobianos el 96,82% (n: 274) de los aislamientos fueron resistentes a tetraciclina, 73,14% (n: 207) a tilmicosina y 28,27% (n: 80) a ceftiofur. De especial interés fue la alta proporción de aislamientos resistentes a éste último, debido a una posible resistencia cruzada con ceftriaxona. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la necesidad de promover y fortalecer un Programa oficial de Vigilancia de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana y sistemas de monitoreo voluntario en cada eslabón de las cadenas productivas, para contribuir a la prevención y control de la transmisión de microorganismos resistentes de origen alimentario en el marco del sistema de gestión de inocuidad alimentaria en Colombia.</p>
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Hsieh YC, Poole TL, Runyon M, Hume M, Herrman TJ. Prevalence of Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Salmonella Strains with Conjugative Antimicrobial-Resistant Serovars Contaminating Animal Feed in Texas. J Food Prot 2016; 79:194-204. [PMID: 26818979 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize 365 nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from animal feed. Among the 365 isolates, 78 serovars were identified. Twenty-four isolates (7.0%) were recovered from three of six medicated feed types. Three of these isolates derived from the medicated feed, Salmonella Newport, Salmonella Typhimurium var. O 5- (Copenhagen), and Salmonella Lexington var. 15+ (Manila), displayed antimicrobial resistance. Susceptibility testing revealed that only 3.0% (12) of the 365 isolates displayed resistance to any of the antimicrobial agents. These 12 isolates were recovered from unmedicated dry beef feed (n = 3), medicated dry beef feed (n = 3), cabbage culls (n = 2), animal protein products (n = 2), dry dairy cattle feed (n = 1), and fish meal (n = 1). Only Salmonella Newport and Salmonella Typhimurium var. O 5- (Copenhagen) were multidrug resistant. Both isolates possessed the IncA/C replicon and the blaCMY-2 gene associated with cephalosporin resistance. Plasmid replicons were amplified from 4 of 12 resistant isolates. Plasmids (40 kb) were Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Kentucky. Conjugation experiments were done using 7 of the 12 resistant isolates as donors. Only Salmonella Montevideo, possessing a plasmid and amplifying IncN, produced transconjugants. Transconjugants displayed the same antimicrobial resistance profile as did the donor isolate. Three isolates that amplified replicons corresponding to IncA/C or IncHI2 did not produce transconjugants at 30 or 37°C. The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella contaminating animal feed is low in Texas. However, Salmonella was more prevalent in feed by-products; fish meal had the highest prevalence (84%) followed by animal protein products (48%). Ten of the 35 feed types had no Salmonella contamination. Further investigation is needed to understand the possible role of specific feed types in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Hsieh
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Toni L Poole
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Mick Runyon
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Michael Hume
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Timothy J Herrman
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Lambertini E, Karns JS, Van Kessel JAS, Cao H, Schukken YH, Wolfgang DR, Smith JM, Pradhan AK. Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4477-88. [PMID: 25911478 PMCID: PMC4475889 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00465-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli or its associated virulence factors have been frequently detected in dairy cow manure, milk, and dairy farm environments. However, it is unclear what the long-term dynamics of E. coli virulence factors are and which farm compartments act as reservoirs. This study assessed the occurrence and dynamics of four E. coli virulence factors (eae, stx1, stx2, and the gamma allele of the tir gene [γ-tir]) on three U.S. dairy farms. Fecal, manure, water, feed, milk, and milk filter samples were collected from 2004 to 2012. Virulence factors were measured by postenrichment quantitative PCR (qPCR). All factors were detected in most compartments on all farms. Fecal and manure samples showed the highest prevalence, up to 53% for stx and 21% for γ-tir in fecal samples and up to 84% for stx and 44% for γ-tir in manure. Prevalence was low in milk (up to 1.9% for stx and 0.7% for γ-tir). However, 35% of milk filters were positive for stx and 20% were positive for γ-tir. All factors were detected in feed and water. Factor prevalence and levels, expressed as qPCR cycle threshold categories, fluctuated significantly over time, with no clear seasonal signal independent from year-to-year variability. Levels were correlated between fecal and manure samples, and in some cases autocorrelated, but not between manure and milk filters. Shiga toxins were nearly ubiquitous, and 10 to 18% of the lactating cows were potential shedders of E. coli O157 at least once during their time in the herds. E. coli virulence factors appear to persist in many areas of the farms and therefore contribute to transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Huilin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ynte H Schukken
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA GD Animal Health, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - David R Wolfgang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia M Smith
- Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Abani K Pradhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Biffi CP, Stefani LM, Miletti LC, Matiello CA, Backes RG, Almeida JM, Neves GB. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance profile of Salmonella Typhimurium to antimicrobials commonly used in poultry. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x160293-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CP Biffi
- Universidade do Estado de Santa de Catarina
| | - LM Stefani
- Universidade do Estado de Santa de Catarina; Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
| | - LC Miletti
- Universidade do Estado de Santa de Catarina
| | | | - RG Backes
- Universidade do Estado de Santa de Catarina
| | - JM Almeida
- Universidade do Estado de Santa de Catarina
| | - GB Neves
- Universidade do Estado de Santa de Catarina
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Guo YF, Zhang WH, Ren SQ, Yang L, Lü DH, Zeng ZL, Liu YH, Jiang HX. IncA/C plasmid-mediated spread of CMY-2 in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from food animals in China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96738. [PMID: 24816748 PMCID: PMC4016023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To obtain a broad molecular epidemiological characterization of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase CMY-2 in Escherichia coli isolates from food animals in China. Methods A total of 1083 E. coli isolates from feces, viscera, blood, drinking water, and sub-surface soil were examined for the presence of CMY-2 β-lactamases. CMY-2-producing isolates were characterized as follows: the blaCMY-2 genotype was determined using PCR and sequencing, characterization of the blaCMY-2 genetic environment, plasmid sizing using S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR-based replicon typing, phylogenetic grouping, XbaI-PFGE, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results All 31 CMY-2 producers were only detected in feces, and presented with multidrug resistant phenotypes. All CMY-2 strains also co-harbored genes conferring resistance to other antimicrobials, including extended spectrum β-lactamases genes (blaCTX-M-14 or blaCTX-M-55), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants (qnr, oqxA, and aac-(6′)-Ib-cr), floR and rmtB. The co-transferring of blaCMY-2 with qnrS1 and floR (alone and together) was mainly driven by the Inc A/C type plasmid, with sizes of 160 or 200 kb. Gene cassette arrays inserted in the class 1 or class 2 integron were amplified among 12 CMY-2 producers. CMY-2 producers belonged to avirulent groups B1 (n = 12) and A (n = 11), and virulent group D (n = 8). There was a good correlation between phylogenetic groups and sequence types (ST). Twenty-four STs were identified, of which the ST complexes (STC) 101/B1 (n = 6), STC10/A (n = 5), and STC155/B1 (n = 3) were dominant. Conclusions CMY-2 is the dominant AmpC β-lactamase in food animals and is associated with a transferable replicon IncA/C plasmid in the STC101, STC10, and STC155 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Qi Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lü
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of molecular typing methods for major food‐borne microbiological hazards and their use for attribution modelling, outbreak investigation and scanning surveillance: Part 1 (evaluation of methods and applications). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Kanwar N, Scott HM, Norby B, Loneragan GH, Vinasco J, McGowan M, Cottell JL, Chengappa MM, Bai J, Boerlin P. Effects of ceftiofur and chlortetracycline treatment strategies on antimicrobial susceptibility and on tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 resistance genes among E. coli isolated from the feces of feedlot cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80575. [PMID: 24260423 PMCID: PMC3834275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized controlled field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of two sets of treatment strategies on ceftiofur and tetracycline resistance in feedlot cattle. The strategies consisted of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) administered to either one or all of the steers within a pen, followed by feeding or not feeding a therapeutic dose of chlortetracycline (CTC). Eighty-eight steers were randomly allocated to eight pens of 11 steers each. Both treatment regimens were randomly assigned to the pens in a two-way full factorial design. Non-type-specific (NTS) E. coli (n = 1,050) were isolated from fecal samples gathered on Days 0, 4, 12, and 26. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using a microbroth dilution technique. PCR was used to detect tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 genes within each isolate. Chlortetracycline administration greatly exacerbated the already increased levels of both phenotypic and genotypic ceftiofur resistance conferred by prior CCFA treatment (P<0.05). The four treatment regimens also influenced the phenotypic multidrug resistance count of NTS E. coli populations. Chlortetracycline treatment alone was associated with an increased probability of selecting isolates that harbored tet(B) versus tet(A) (P<0.05); meanwhile, there was an inverse association between finding tet(A) versus tet(B) genes for any given regimen (P<0.05). The presence of a tet(A) gene was associated with an isolate exhibiting reduced phenotypic susceptibility to a higher median number of antimicrobials (n = 289, median = 6; 95% CI = 4-8) compared with the tet(B) gene (n = 208, median = 3; 95% CI = 3-4). Results indicate that CTC can exacerbate ceftiofur resistance following CCFA therapy and therefore should be avoided, especially when considering their use in sequence. Further studies are required to establish the animal-level effects of co-housing antimicrobial-treated and non-treated animals together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Kanwar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Matthew McGowan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Cottell
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muckatira M. Chengappa
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Soyer Y, Richards J, Hoelzer K, Warnick LD, Fortes E, McDonough P, Dumas NB, Gröhn YT, Wiedmann M. Antimicrobial drug resistance patterns among cattle- and human-associated Salmonella strains. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1676-88. [PMID: 24112566 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During the year 2004, 178 human and 158 bovine clinical Salmonella isolates were collected across New York State to better understand the transmission dynamics and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance among human and bovine hosts. Serotyping, sequence typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing results have been reported previously. Here we tested all isolates for phenotypic susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial drugs that are part of the National Antimicrobial Monitoring System bovine susceptibility panel. PCR was performed on a representative subset of unique isolates (n = 53) to screen for the presence of 21 known antimicrobial resistance genes (i.e., ampC, blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, blaPSE-1, cat1, cat2, cmlA, flo, aadA1, aadA2, aacC2, strA, strB, aphA1-IAB, dhrfI, dhrfXII, sulI, sulII, tetA, tetB, and tetG); selected fluoroquinolone- and nalidixic acid-resistant (n = 3) and -sensitive (n = 6) isolates were also tested for known resistance-conferring mutations in gyrA and parC. Genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance were shared among isolates of human and bovine origin. However, bovine isolates were significantly more likely than human isolates to be multidrug resistant (P < 0.0001; Fisher's exact test). Our analyses showed perfect categorical agreement between phenotypic and genotypic resistance for beta-lactam and chloramphenicol. Our data confirm that resistance profiles of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and tetracycline were strongly associated with the presence of blaCMY or ampC, flo, aphA1-IAB, and tetA, respectively. Our findings provide evidence for the clinical value of genotypic resistance typing if incorporating multiple known genes that can confer a phenotypic resistance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Soyer
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;,
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Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Associates with CRISPR Sequence Type. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4282-4289. [PMID: 23796925 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00913-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium is a leading cause of food-borne salmonellosis in the United States. The number of antibiotic-resistant isolates identified in humans is steadily increasing, suggesting that the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains is a major threat to public health. S Typhimurium is commonly identified in a wide range of animal hosts, food sources, and environments, but little is known about the factors mediating the spread of antibiotic resistance in this ecologically complex serovar. Previously, we developed a subtyping method, CRISPR-multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST), which discriminates among strains of several common S. enterica serovars. Here, CRISPR-MVLST identified 22 sequence types within a collection of 76 S Typhimurium isolates from a variety of animal sources throughout central Pennsylvania. Six of the sequence types were identified in more than one isolate, and we observed statistically significant differences in resistance among these sequence types to 7 antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human medicine, such as ceftiofur and ampicillin (P < 0.05). Importantly, five of these sequence types were subsequently identified in human clinical isolates, and a subset of these isolates had identical antibiotic resistance patterns, suggesting that these subpopulations are being transmitted through the food system. Therefore, CRISPR-MVLST is a promising subtyping method for monitoring the farm-to-fork spread of antibiotic resistance in S Typhimurium.
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Medalla F, Hoekstra RM, Whichard JM, Barzilay EJ, Chiller TM, Joyce K, Rickert R, Krueger A, Stuart A, Griffin PM. Increase in resistance to ceftriaxone and nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and decrease in multidrug resistance among Salmonella strains, United States, 1996-2009. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:302-9. [PMID: 23464603 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a major bacterial pathogen transmitted commonly through food. Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents (e.g., ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin) used to treat serious Salmonella infections threatens the utility of these agents. Infection with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has been associated with increased risk of severe infection, hospitalization, and death. We describe changes in antimicrobial resistance among nontyphoidal Salmonella in the United States from 1996 through 2009. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System conducts surveillance of resistance among Salmonella isolated from humans. From 1996 through 2009, public health laboratories submitted isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We used interpretive criteria from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and defined isolates with ciprofloxacin resistance or intermediate susceptibility as nonsusceptible to ciprofloxacin. Using logistic regression, we modeled annual data to assess changes in antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS From 1996 through 2009, the percentage of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates resistant to ceftriaxone increased from 0.2% to 3.4% (odds ratio [OR]=20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3-64), and the percentage with nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin increased from 0.4% to 2.4% (OR=8.3, 95% CI 3.3-21). The percentage of isolates that were multidrug resistant (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) decreased from 17% to 9.6% (OR=0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7), which was driven mainly by a decline among serotype Typhimurium. However, multidrug resistance increased from 5.9% in 1996 to a peak of 31% in 2001 among serotype Newport and increased from 12% in 1996 to 26% in 2009 (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.2) among serotype Heidelberg. CONCLUSIONS We describe an increase in resistance to ceftriaxone and nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and an overall decline in multidrug resistance. Trends varied by serotype. Because of evidence that antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella is predominantly a consequence of antimicrobial use in food animals, efforts are needed to reduce unnecessary use, especially of critically important agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Medalla
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
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Yeung M. ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Trends in culture-independent methods for assessing dairy food quality and safety: Emerging metagenomic tools. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6831-42. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ramakrishnan V, Narayan B, Halami PM. Combined effect of enterocin and lipase from Enterococcus faecium NCIM5363 against food borne pathogens: mode of action studies. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:162-9. [PMID: 22580888 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Food borne diseases have a major impact on public health whose epidemiology is rapidly changing. The whole cells of pathogens involved or their toxins/metabolites affect the human health apart from spoiling sensory properties of the food products finally affecting the food industry as well as consumer health. With pathogens developing mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, there has been an increased need to replace antibiotics as well as chemical additives with naturally occurring bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are known to act mainly against Gram-positive pathogens and with little or no effect towards Gram-negative enteric bacteria. In the present study, combination effect of lipase and bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium NCIM5363, a highly lipolytic lactic acid bacterium against various food pathogens was assessed. The lipase in combination with enterocin exhibited a lethal effect against Gram-negative pathogens. Scanning electron microscopy studies carried out to ascertain the constitutive mode of action of lipase and enterocin revealed that the lipase degrades the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and creates a pore through which enterocin enters thereby resulting in cell death. The novelty of this work is the fact that this is the first report revealing the synergistic effect of lipase with enterocin against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Ramakrishnan
- Department of Food Microbiology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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Habing GG, Lo YJ, Kaneene JB. Changes in the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolated from the same Michigan dairy farms in 2000 and 2009. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xia LN, Tao XQ, Shen JZ, Dai L, Wang Y, Chen X, Wu CM. A Survey of β-Lactamase and 16S rRNA Methylase Genes Among Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates and Their Horizontal Transmission in Shandong, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:1241-8. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ning Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urmuqi, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of the Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of the Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of the Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of the Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of the Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li X, Zheng W, Machesky ML, Yates SR, Katterhenry M. Degradation kinetics and mechanism of antibiotic ceftiofur in recycled water derived from a beef farm. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10176-81. [PMID: 21863813 DOI: 10.1021/jf202325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ceftiofur is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that has been widely used to treat bacterial infections in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Land application of CAFO waste may lead to the loading of ceftiofur residues and its metabolites to the environment. To understand the potential contamination of the antibiotic in the environment, the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of ceftiofur in solutions blended with and without the recycled water derived from a beef farm were investigated. The transformation of ceftiofur in aqueous solutions in the presence of the CAFO recycled water was the combined process of hydrolysis and biodegradation. The total degradation rates of ceftiofur at 15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C varied from 0.4-2.8×10(-3), 1.4-4.4×10(-3), 6.3-11×10(-3), and 11-17×10(-3) h(-1), respectively, in aqueous solutions blended with 1 to 5% CAFO recycled water. Hydrolysis of ceftiofur increased with incubation temperature from 15 to 45 °C. The biodegradation rates of ceftiofur were also temperature-dependent and increased with the application amounts of the recycled CAFO water. Cef-aldehyde and desfuroylceftiofur (DFC) were identified as the main biodegradation and hydrolysis products, respectively. This result suggests that the primary biodegradation mechanism of ceftiofur was the cleavage of the β-lactam ring, while hydrolytic cleavage occurred at the thioester bond. Unlike DFC and ceftiofur, cef-aldehyde does not contain a β-lactam ring and has less antimicrobial activity, indicating that the biodegradation of ceftiofur in animal wastewater may mitigate the potentially adverse impact of the antibiotic to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1 Hazelwood Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
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Izzo MM, Mohler VL, House JK. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates recovered from calves with diarrhoea in Australia. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:402-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bovine intestinal bacteria inactivate and degrade ceftiofur and ceftriaxone with multiple beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:4990-8. [PMID: 21876048 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00008-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The veterinary cephalosporin drug ceftiofur is rapidly degraded in the bovine intestinal tract. A cylinder-plate assay was used to detect microbiologically active ceftiofur, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to quantify the amount of ceftiofur remaining after incubation with bovine intestinal anaerobic bacteria, which were isolated from colon contents or feces from 8 cattle. Ninety-six percent of the isolates were able to inactivate ceftiofur to some degree, and 54% actually degraded the drug. None of 9 fungal isolates inactivated or degraded ceftiofur. Facultative and obligate anaerobic bacterial species that inactivated or degraded ceftiofur were identified with Vitek and Biolog systems, respectively. A subset of ceftiofur degraders also degraded the chemically similar drug ceftriaxone. Most of the species of bacteria that degraded ceftiofur belonged to the genera Bacillus and Bacteroides. PCR analysis of bacterial DNA detected specific β-lactamase genes. Bacillus cereus and B. mycoides isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases. Seven isolates of Bacteroides spp. produced multiple β-lactamases, including possibly CepA, and metallo-β-lactamases. Isolates of Eubacterium biforme, Bifidobacterium breve, and several Clostridium spp. also produced ceftiofur-degrading β-lactamases. An agar gel overlay technique on isoelectric focusing separations of bacterial lysates showed that β-lactamase enzymes were sufficient to degrade ceftiofur. These results suggest that ceftiofur is inactivated nonenzymatically and degraded enzymatically by multiple β-lactamases from bacteria in the large intestines of cattle.
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Fernández-Alarcón C, Singer RS, Johnson TJ. Comparative genomics of multidrug resistance-encoding IncA/C plasmids from commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli from multiple animal sources. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23415. [PMID: 21858108 PMCID: PMC3155540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Incompatibility group A/C (IncA/C) plasmids have received recent attention for their broad host range and ability to confer resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. Due to the potential spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes from foodborne pathogens to human pathogens, the dissemination of these plasmids represents a public health risk. In this study, four animal-source IncA/C plasmids isolated from Escherichia coli were sequenced and analyzed, including isolates from commercial dairy cows, pigs and turkeys in the U.S. and Chile. These plasmids were initially selected because they either contained the floR and tetA genes encoding for florfenicol and tetracycline resistance, respectively, and/or the blaCMY-2 gene encoding for extended spectrum β-lactamase resistance. Overall, sequence analysis revealed that each of the four plasmids retained a remarkably stable and conserved backbone sequence, with differences observed primarily within their accessory regions, which presumably have evolved via horizontal gene transfer events involving multiple modules. Comparison of these plasmids with other available IncA/C plasmid sequences further defined the core and accessory elements of these plasmids in E. coli and Salmonella. Our results suggest that the blaCMY-2 plasmid lineage appears to have derived from an ancestral IncA/C plasmid type harboring floR-tetAR-strAB and Tn21-like accessory modules. Evidence is mounting that IncA/C plasmids are widespread among enteric bacteria of production animals and these emergent plasmids have flexibility in their acquisition of MDR-encoding modules, necessitating further study to understand the evolutionary mechanisms involved in their dissemination and stability in bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fernández-Alarcón
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Randall S. Singer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Timothy J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Selection pressure required for long-term persistence of blaCMY-2-positive IncA/C plasmids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4486-93. [PMID: 21602382 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02788-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance blaCMY-2 plasmids that confer resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins have been found in multiple bacterial species collected from different hosts worldwide. The widespread distribution of blaCMY-2 plasmids may be driven by antibiotic use that selects for the dissemination and persistence of these plasmids. Alternatively, these plasmids may persist and spread in bacterial populations in the absence of selection pressure if a balance exists among conjugative transfer, segregation loss during cell division, and fitness cost to the host. We conducted a series of experiments (both in vivo and in vitro) to study these mechanisms for three blaCMY-2 plasmids, peH4H, pAR060302, and pAM04528. Results of filter mating experiments showed that the conjugation efficiency of blaCMY-2 plasmids is variable, from <10(-7) for pAM04528 and peH4H to ∼10(-3) for pAR060302. Neither peH4H nor pAM04528 was transferred from Escherichia coli strain DH10B, but peH4H was apparently mobilized by the coresident trimethoprim resistance-encoding plasmid pTmpR. Competition studies showed that carriage of blaCMY-2 plasmids imposed a measurable fitness cost on the host bacteria both in vitro (0.095 to 0.25) and in vivo (dairy calf model). Long-term passage experiments in the absence of antibiotics demonstrated that plasmids with limited antibiotic resistance phenotypes arose, but eventually drug-sensitive, plasmid-free clones dominated the populations. Given that plasmid decay or loss is inevitable, we infer that some level of selection is required for the long-term persistence of blaCMY-2 plasmids in bacterial populations.
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Mann S, Siler JD, Jordan D, Warnick LD. Antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal Escherichia coli isolates in dairy cows following systemic treatment with ceftiofur or penicillin. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:861-7. [PMID: 21381922 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this longitudinal controlled trial was to determine the effect of systemic treatment with ceftiofur on antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal Escherichia coli isolates in dairy cows. Cows with metritis or interdigital necrobacillosis requiring systemic antimicrobial treatment were sequentially assigned to two treatment groups. The first group was treated with ceftiofur hydrochloride and the second with penicillin G procaine. Untreated healthy control cows were selected for sampling on the same schedule as treated cows. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28. In total, 21983 E. coli isolates from 42 cows were analyzed for susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracycline, and ceftiofur using a hydrophobic grid membrane filter system to assess growth on agar containing selected antimicrobial drugs. Temporal changes in both the concentration of E. coli in feces and the susceptibility of E. coli to each drug were analyzed. A significant decrease in the concentration of fecal E. coli on days 2 and 7 post-treatment (but not thereafter) was detected in animals treated with ceftiofur. The proportion of all isolates (95% confidence interval in parentheses) showing reduced susceptibility at day 0 was 3.0% (2.5, 3.6) for ampicillin, 10.6% (9.7, 11.6) for tetracycline, and 4.8% (4.2, 5.6) for ceftiofur; 1.7% (1.3, 2.1) of isolates were resistant to ceftiofur based on growth at 8 μg/mL. Treatment did not have any significant effect on the proportion of isolates expressing reduced susceptibility to antibiotics with the exception of decreased tetracycline susceptibility in the ceftiofur-treated group on day 2. Although we found the potential for selection pressure by documenting the change in E. coli concentration after ceftiofur treatment, an increase in ceftiofur resistance was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mann
- Ambulatory and Production Medicine Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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Oliver SP, Murinda SE, Jayarao BM. Impact of antibiotic use in adult dairy cows on antimicrobial resistance of veterinary and human pathogens: a comprehensive review. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 8:337-55. [PMID: 21133795 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have saved millions of human lives, and their use has contributed significantly to improving human and animal health and well-being. Use of antibiotics in food-producing animals has resulted in healthier, more productive animals; lower disease incidence and reduced morbidity and mortality in humans and animals; and production of abundant quantities of nutritious, high-quality, and low-cost food for human consumption. In spite of these benefits, there is considerable concern from public health, food safety, and regulatory perspectives about the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals. Over the last two decades, development of antimicrobial resistance resulting from agricultural use of antibiotics that could impact treatment of diseases affecting the human population that require antibiotic intervention has become a significant global public health concern. In the present review, we focus on antibiotic use in lactating and nonlactating cows in U.S. dairy herds, and address four key questions: (1) Are science-based data available to demonstrate antimicrobial resistance in veterinary pathogens that cause disease in dairy cows associated with use of antibiotics in adult dairy cows? (2) Are science-based data available to demonstrate that antimicrobial resistance in veterinary pathogens that cause disease in adult dairy cows impacts pathogens that cause disease in humans? (3) Does antimicrobial resistance impact the outcome of therapy? (4) Are antibiotics used prudently in the dairy industry? On the basis of this review, we conclude that scientific evidence does not support widespread, emerging resistance among pathogens isolated from dairy cows to antibacterial drugs even though many of these antibiotics have been used in the dairy industry for treatment and prevention of disease for several decades. However, it is clear that use of antibiotics in adult dairy cows and other food-producing animals does contribute to increased antimicrobial resistance. Although antimicrobial resistance does occur, we are of the opinion that the advantages of using antibiotics in adult dairy cows far outweigh the disadvantages. Last, as this debate continues, we need to consider the consequences of "what would happen if antibiotics are banned for use in the dairy industry and in other food-producing animals?" The implications of this question are far reaching and include such aspects as animal welfare, health, and well-being, and impacts on food quantity, quality, and food costs, among others. This question should be an important aspect in this ongoing and controversial debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Oliver
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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Abstract
Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Newport is a major global public health concern, particularly because S. Newport isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), including third-generation cephalosporins (MDR-AmpC phenotype), have been commonly isolated from food animals. We analyzed 384 S. Newport isolates from various sources by a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to study the evolution and population structure of the serovar. These were compared to the population structure of S. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Kentucky, Paratyphi B, and Typhimurium. Our S. Newport collection fell into three lineages, Newport-I, Newport-II, and Newport-III, each of which contained multiple sequence types (STs). Newport-I has only a few STs, unlike Newport-II or Newport-III, and has possibly emerged recently. Newport-I is more prevalent among humans in Europe than in North America, whereas Newport-II is preferentially associated with animals. Two STs of Newport-II encompassed all MDR-AmpC isolates, suggesting recent global spread after the acquisition of the bla(CMY-2) gene. In contrast, most Newport-III isolates were from humans in North America and were pansusceptible to antibiotics. Newport was intermediate in population structure to the other serovars, which varied from a single monophyletic lineage in S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium to four discrete lineages within S. Paratyphi B. Both mutation and homologous recombination are responsible for diversification within each of these lineages, but the relative frequencies differed with the lineage. We conclude that serovars of S. enterica provide a variety of different population structures.
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Mollenkopf DF, Glendening C, Wittum TE, Funk JA, Tragesser LA, Morley PS. Association of dry cow therapy with the antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal coliform bacteria in dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 2010; 96:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Meunier D, Jouy E, Lazizzera C, Doublet B, Kobisch M, Cloeckaert A, Madec JY. Plasmid-borne florfenicol and ceftiofur resistance encoded by the floR and blaCMY-2 genes in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased cattle in France. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:467-471. [PMID: 20056773 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.016162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the genetic basis of florfenicol and ceftiofur resistance in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from French cattle. In these isolates, ceftiofur resistance was conferred by bla(CMY-2) located on three distinct conjugative plasmids on a specific DNA fragment, ISEcp1-bla(CMY-2)-blc- sugE. Two of the plasmids also carried the floR gene conferring resistance to florfenicol. The floR gene was shown to be associated with the insertion sequence ISCR2. Mobile elements appear to contribute to the mobilization of floR and bla(CMY-2) genes in E. coli. The presence of bla(CMY-2) and floR on the same plasmid highlights the potential risk for a co-selection of the bla(CMY-2) gene through the use of florfenicol in food animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Meunier
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Antibiorésistance et VirulenceBactériennes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Mycoplasmologie - Bactériologie,BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Corinne Lazizzera
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Antibiorésistance et VirulenceBactériennes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Benoît Doublet
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale Santé Publique,37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Marylène Kobisch
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Mycoplasmologie - Bactériologie,BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- INRA, UR1282 Infectiologie Animale Santé Publique,37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Agence Française de SécuritéSanitaire des Aliments, Unité Antibiorésistance et VirulenceBactériennes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
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Heider LC, Hoet AE, Wittum TE, Khaitsa ML, Love BC, Huston CL, Morley PS, Funk JA, Gebreyes WA. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of theblaCMYGene fromEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericaIsolated from Food-Producing Animals, Humans, the Environment, and Retail Meat. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:1235-40. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Heider
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Armando E. Hoet
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Margaret L. Khaitsa
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, The College of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Brenda C. Love
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Carla L. Huston
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Paul S. Morley
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Population Health Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Julie A. Funk
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Wondwossen A. Gebreyes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Poole TL, Edrington TS, Brichta-Harhay DM, Carattoli A, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Conjugative Transferability of the A/C Plasmids from Salmonella enterica Isolates That Possess or Lack blaCMY in the A/C Plasmid Backbone. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:1185-94. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toni L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Tom S. Edrington
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Dayna M. Brichta-Harhay
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | | | - Robin Carl Anderson
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - David J. Nisbet
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
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49
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Scientific Advisory Group on Antimi. Reflection paper on the use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins in food producing animals in the European Union: development of resistance and impact on human and animal health. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:515-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Martinez JL. Environmental pollution by antibiotics and by antibiotic resistance determinants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:2893-902. [PMID: 19560847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 930] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most successful drugs used for human therapy. However, since they can challenge microbial populations, they must be considered as important pollutants as well. Besides being used for human therapy, antibiotics are extensively used for animal farming and for agricultural purposes. Residues from human environments and from farms may contain antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes that can contaminate natural environments. The clearest consequence of antibiotic release in natural environments is the selection of resistant bacteria. The same resistance genes found at clinical settings are currently disseminated among pristine ecosystems without any record of antibiotic contamination. Nevertheless, the effect of antibiotics on the biosphere is wider than this and can impact the structure and activity of environmental microbiota. Along the article, we review the impact that pollution by antibiotics or by antibiotic resistance genes may have for both human health and for the evolution of environmental microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Martinez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, and CIBERESP, Spain.
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