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Núñez D, Oyarzún P, González S, Martínez I. Toward biomanufacturing of next-generation bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)-based materials with tailored properties: A review on genetic engineering approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108390. [PMID: 38823654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biopolymer that is drawing significant attention for a wide range of applications thanks to its unique structure and excellent properties, such as high purity, mechanical strength, high water holding capacity and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the biomanufacturing of BNC is hindered due to its low yield, the instability of microbial strains and cost limitations that prevent it from being mass-produced on a large scale. Various approaches have been developed to address these problems by genetically modifying strains and to produce BNC-based biomaterials with added value. These works are summarized and discussed in the present article, which include the overexpression and knockout of genes related and not related with the nanocellulose biosynthetic operon, the application of synthetic biology approaches and CRISPR/Cas techniques to modulate BNC biosynthesis. Further discussion is provided on functionalized BNC-based biomaterials with tailored properties that are incorporated in-vivo during its biosynthesis using genetically modified strains either in single or co-culture systems (in-vivo manufacturing). This novel strategy holds potential to open the road toward cost-effective production processes and to find novel applications in a variety of technology and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariela Núñez
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricio Oyarzún
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile
| | - Sebastián González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, Concepción, Chile
| | - Irene Martínez
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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D A G, Adhikari J, Debnath P, Ghosh S, Ghosh P, Thomas S, Ghandilyan E, Gorbatov P, Kuchukyan E, Gasparyan S, Saha P. 3D printing of bacterial cellulose for potential wound healing applications: Current trends and prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135213. [PMID: 39216564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Several advances in skin tissue engineering have been made to restore skin damage, facilitating wound healing. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a naturally occurring polymer, has gained attention as a potential material in wound healing due to its unique physical and biological properties. In recent years, with the advent of 3D bio-printing technology, new avenues have opened for fabricating customized wound dressings and scaffolds for tissue engineering purposes. The existing literature in this field mainly focuses on the ways of modifications of bacterial cellulose to make it printable. Still, the applicability of 3D printed scaffolds for wound healing needs to be explored more. This review article focuses on the current research on using 3D-printed BC for skin regeneration, including its production methods and physical and biological properties, making it a better choice than traditional dressings. Furthermore, it also highlights the limitations and future directions for using BC in wound healing and tissue engineering applications. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of the applications of 3D-printed BC in wound healing, drawing insights from pre-existing studies and emphasizing patient compliance, clinical outcomes, and economic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouripriya D A
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, WB-700091, India
| | - Jaideep Adhikari
- School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Poonam Debnath
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, WB-700091, India
| | - Shrayana Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, WB-700091, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Science and IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa; TrEST Research Park, TC-4/2322, GEM Building, Opposite College of Engineering Trivandrum, Kulathoor Rd, Sreekariyam, Trivandrum, Kerala 695016, India
| | - Emmanuel Ghandilyan
- Foldink, 22 Orbeli Brothers Street 0028, Yerevan, Armenia; Institute of Physiology after L. Orbeli National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, 22 Orbeli Brothers Street, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Pavel Gorbatov
- Foldink, 22 Orbeli Brothers Street 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elza Kuchukyan
- Foldink, 22 Orbeli Brothers Street 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Seda Gasparyan
- Foldink, 22 Orbeli Brothers Street 0028, Yerevan, Armenia; Institute of Physiology after L. Orbeli National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, 22 Orbeli Brothers Street, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, GP Block, Salt Lake, Sector-5, WB-700091, India.
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3
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Lu C, Huang Y, Cui J, Wu J, Jiang C, Gu X, Cao Y, Yin S. Toward Practical Applications of Engineered Living Materials with Advanced Fabrication Techniques. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2295-2312. [PMID: 39002162 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) are materials composed of or incorporating living cells as essential functional units. These materials can be created using bottom-up approaches, where engineered cells spontaneously form well-defined aggregates. Alternatively, top-down methods employ advanced materials science techniques to integrate cells with various kinds of materials, creating hybrids where cells and materials are intricately combined. ELMs blend synthetic biology with materials science, allowing for dynamic responses to environmental stimuli such as stress, pH, humidity, temperature, and light. These materials exhibit unique "living" properties, including self-healing, self-replication, and environmental adaptability, making them highly suitable for a wide range of applications in medicine, environmental conservation, and manufacturing. Their inherent biocompatibility and ability to undergo genetic modifications allow for customized functionalities and prolonged sustainability. This review highlights the transformative impact of ELMs over recent decades, particularly in healthcare and environmental protection. We discuss current preparation methods, including the use of endogenous and exogenous scaffolds, living assembly, 3D bioprinting, and electrospinning. Emphasis is placed on ongoing research and technological advancements necessary to enhance the safety, functionality, and practical applicability of ELMs in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yaying Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250021, China
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4
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Jabbour R, Kang JS, Sobhi HF. Effect of Quorum Sensing Molecules on the Quality of Bacterial Nanocellulose Materials. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20003-20011. [PMID: 38737048 PMCID: PMC11079910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) biofilms, produced by various bacterial species, such as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, represent a highly promising multifunctional material characterized by distinctive physiochemical properties. These biofilms have demonstrated remarkable versatility as nano biomaterials, finding extensive applications across medical, defense, electronics, optics, and food industries. In contrast to plant cellulose, BNC biofilms exhibit numerous advantages, including elevated purity and crystallinity, expansive surface area, robustness, and excellent biocompatibility, making them exceptional multifunctional materials. However, their production with consistent morphological properties and their transformation into practical forms present challenges. This difficulty often arises from the heterogeneity in cell density, which is influenced by the presence of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) serving as quorum sensing signaling molecules during the biosynthesis of BNC biofilms. In this study, we employed surface characterization methodologies including scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy to characterize BNC biofilms derived from growth media supplemented with varying concentrations of distinct N-acyl-homoserine lactone signaling molecules. The data obtained through these analytical techniques elucidated that the morphological properties of the BNC biofilms were influenced by the specific AHLs, signaling molecules, introduced into the growth media. These findings lay the groundwork for future exploration of leveraging synthetic biology and biomimetic methods for tailoring BNC with predetermined morphological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih
E. Jabbour
- U.S.
Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Research & Technology Directorate, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Joshua S. Kang
- Center
for Organic Synthesis, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21216, United States
| | - Hany F. Sobhi
- Center
for Organic Synthesis, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21216, United States
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5
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Walker KT, Li IS, Keane J, Goosens VJ, Song W, Lee KY, Ellis T. Self-pigmenting textiles grown from cellulose-producing bacteria with engineered tyrosinase expression. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02194-3. [PMID: 38565971 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Environmental concerns are driving interest in postpetroleum synthetic textiles produced from microbial and fungal sources. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising sustainable leather alternative, on account of its material properties, low infrastructure needs and biodegradability. However, for alternative textiles like BC to be fully sustainable, alternative ways to dye textiles need to be developed alongside alternative production methods. To address this, we genetically engineer Komagataeibacter rhaeticus to create a bacterial strain that grows self-pigmenting BC. Melanin biosynthesis in the bacteria from recombinant tyrosinase expression achieves dark black coloration robust to material use. Melanated BC production can be scaled up for the construction of prototype fashion products, and we illustrate the potential of combining engineered self-pigmentation with tools from synthetic biology, through the optogenetic patterning of gene expression in cellulose-producing bacteria. With this study, we demonstrate that combining genetic engineering with current and future methods of textile biofabrication has the potential to create a new class of textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Walker
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ivy S Li
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Vivianne J Goosens
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wenzhe Song
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Ellis
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Li Y, Jiao H, Zhang H, Wang X, Fu Y, Wang Q, Liu H, Yong YC, Guo J, Liu J. Biosafety consideration of nanocellulose in biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130900. [PMID: 38499126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanocellulose-based biomaterials have gained significant attention in various fields, especially in medical and pharmaceutical areas, due to their unique properties, including non-toxicity, high specific surface area, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and abundant feasible and sophisticated strategies for functional modification. The biosafety of nanocellulose itself is a prerequisite to ensure the safe and effective application of biomaterials as they interact with living cells, tissues, and organs at the nanoscale. Potential residual endogenous impurities and exogenous contaminants could lead to the failure of the intended functionalities or even serious health complications if they are not adequately removed and assessed before use. This review summarizes the sources of impurities in nanocellulose that may pose potential hazards to their biosafety, including endogenous impurities that co-exist in the cellulosic raw materials themselves and exogenous contaminants caused by external exposure. Strategies to reduce or completely remove these impurities are outlined and classified as chemical, physical, biological, and combined methods. Additionally, key points that require careful consideration in the interpretation of the biosafety evaluation outcomes were discussed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the nanocellulose-based biomaterials in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinyi Fu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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7
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Tanakura Y, Uekawa Y, Shige Y, Fukuda W, Ikuta S, Wu HN, Yasukawa K, Yanagihara I, Fujiwara S. Expression of a recombinant protein by an acetic acid bacterial host. J Biotechnol 2024; 380:38-50. [PMID: 38135188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the suitability of Komagataeibacter europaeus, a vinegar production organism adept at synthetic media growth, as a host for heterologous gene expression. Cryptic plasmids (pGE1 and pGE2 derivatives) from K. europaeus strain KGMA0119 were employed as vectors for heterologous gene expression. The focus was placed on the groES promoter as a potential inducible switch. The groES promoter was fused with the EGFP gene and introduced into a pGE1 derivative to assess its suitability. Ethanol, acetic acid, and heat stresses were examined under various conditions for induction. EGFP transcription surged 600-fold when late logarithmic phase K. europaeus cells, cultured at 30 °C, endured heat stress at 40 °C, coupled with 20% acetic acid and 30% ethanol stress after an additional 6-hour cultivation. This robust induction system was then applied to express two proteins, Tth pol from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus strain M1 and UPV230, a restriction enzyme from the acid-tolerant microorganism Ureaplasma parvum, known to cause vaginal infections and miscarriages. Both Tth pol and UPV230 were successfully expressed in K. europaeus cells and purified. The recovery of Tth pol from K. europaeus cells (480 µg protein per liter culture) was approximately half that from E. coli (960 µg protein per liter culture). In contrast, UPV230 recovery from K. europaeus cells (640 µg protein per liter culture) was nearly 10 times higher than that from Escherichia coli (66 µg protein per liter). The data highlights the potential of acetic acid bacteria as a host for producing acidophilic proteins. The shift in recognition from a 6-base sequence to a 4-base sequence of UPV230 was observed, accompanied by a change in structure as the pH transitioned from acidic pH to near-neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanakura
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Uekawa
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Yuki Shige
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Wakao Fukuda
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ikuta
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Heng Ning Wu
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Itaru Yanagihara
- Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujiwara
- Department of Biosciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan; Department of Biosciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
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8
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Caleb OJ, Belay ZA. Role of biotechnology in the advancement of biodegradable polymers and functionalized additives for food packaging systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 83:102972. [PMID: 37487401 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have shown enormous potential for application in food packaging systems and offer solutions to mitigate the challenges of single-use plastics. Over the past decade, advances in fermentation technology, metabolic engineering of microorganisms, and synthetic biology have enabled the optimization and functionalization of biodegradable polymers for food packaging application. This article provides an overview of the biotechnological approaches/methods used in advancing the production of biopolymers and summarizes the recent developments in the application of functionalized biopolymers for decision-making and quality control. It discusses the current applications and future perspectives of extracellular biopolymers in food systems. Finally, this review highlights the complexities of public acceptance, safety, and government regulations and legislations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi J Caleb
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Africa Institute for Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Zinash A Belay
- Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies (PHATs), Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
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9
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Potočnik V, Gorgieva S, Trček J. From Nature to Lab: Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production and Modification with Synthetic Biology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3466. [PMID: 37631523 PMCID: PMC10459212 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a macromolecule with versatile applications in medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology, cosmetology, food and food packaging, ecology, and electronics. Although many bacteria synthesize BC, the most efficient BC producers are certain species of the genera Komagataeibacter and Novacetimonas. These are also food-grade bacteria, simplifying their utilization at industrial facilities. The basic principles of BC synthesis are known from studies of Komagataeibacter xylinus, which became a model species for studying BC at genetic and molecular levels. Cellulose can also be of plant origin, but BC surpasses its purity. Moreover, the laboratory production of BC enables in situ modification into functionalized material with incorporated molecules during its synthesis. The possibility of growing Komagataeibacter and Novacetimonas species on various organic substrates and agricultural and food waste compounds also follows the green and sustainable economy principles. Further intervention into BC synthesis was enabled by genetic engineering tools, subsequently directing it into the field of synthetic biology. This review paper presents the development of the fascinating field of BC synthesis at the molecular level, seeking sustainable ways for its production and its applications towards genetic modifications of bacterial strains for producing novel types of living biomaterials using the flexible metabolic machinery of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Potočnik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Janja Trček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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10
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van Zyl EM, Kennedy MA, Nason W, Fenlon SJ, Young EM, Smith LJ, Bhatia SR, Coburn JM. Structural properties of optically clear bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii using arabitol. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213345. [PMID: 36889229 PMCID: PMC10075302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits beneficial properties for use in biomedical applications but is limited by its lack of tunable transparency capabilities. To overcome this deficiency, a novel method to synthesize transparent BC materials using an alternative carbon source, namely arabitol, was developed. Characterization of the BC pellicles was performed for yield, transparency, surface morphology, and molecular assembly. Transparent BC was produced using mixtures of glucose and arabitol. Zero percent arabitol pellicles exhibited 25% light transmittance, which increased with increasing arabitol concentration through to 75% light transmittance. While transparency increased, overall BC yield was maintained indicating that the altered transparency may be induced on a micro-scale rather than a macro-scale. Significant differences in fiber diameter and the presence of aromatic signatures were observed. Overall, this research outlines methods for producing BC with tunable optical transparency, while also bringing new insight to insoluble components of exopolymers produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M van Zyl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America.
| | - Mitchell A Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America.
| | - Wendy Nason
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, United States of America.
| | - Sawyer J Fenlon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America.
| | - Eric M Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America.
| | - Luis J Smith
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, United States of America.
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America.
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America.
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11
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Samyn P, Meftahi A, Geravand SA, Heravi MEM, Najarzadeh H, Sabery MSK, Barhoum A. Opportunities for bacterial nanocellulose in biomedical applications: Review on biosynthesis, modification and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123316. [PMID: 36682647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural polysaccharide produced as extracellular material by bacterial strains and has favorable intrinsic properties for primary use in biomedical applications. In this review, an update on state-of-the art and challenges in BNC production, surface modification and biomedical application is given. Recent insights in biosynthesis allowed for better understanding of governing parameters improving production efficiency. In particular, introduction of different carbon/nitrogen sources from alternative feedstock and industrial upscaling of various production methods is challenging. It is important to have control on the morphology, porosity and forms of BNC depending on biosynthesis conditions, depending on selection of bacterial strains, reactor design, additives and culture conditions. The BNC is intrinsically characterized by high water absorption capacity, good thermal and mechanical stability, biocompatibility and biodegradability to certain extent. However, additional chemical and/or physical surface modifications are required to improve cell compatibility, protein interaction and antimicrobial properties. The novel trends in synthesis include the in-situ culturing of hybrid BNC nanocomposites in combination with organic material, inorganic material or extracellular components. In parallel with toxicity studies, the applications of BNC in wound care, tissue engineering, medical implants, drug delivery systems or carriers for bioactive compounds, and platforms for biosensors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- SIRRIS, Department Innovations in Circular Economy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amin Meftahi
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi Geravand
- Department of Technical & Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Najarzadeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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An B, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Xun D, Church GM, Dai Z, Yi X, Tang TC, Zhong C. Engineered Living Materials For Sustainability. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2349-2419. [PMID: 36512650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science have given rise to a new form of materials, namely engineered living materials (ELMs), which are composed of living matter or cell communities embedded in self-regenerating matrices of their own or artificial scaffolds. Like natural materials such as bone, wood, and skin, ELMs, which possess the functional capabilities of living organisms, can grow, self-organize, and self-repair when needed. They also spontaneously perform programmed biological functions upon sensing external cues. Currently, ELMs show promise for green energy production, bioremediation, disease treatment, and fabricating advanced smart materials. This review first introduces the dynamic features of natural living systems and their potential for developing novel materials. We then summarize the recent research progress on living materials and emerging design strategies from both synthetic biology and materials science perspectives. Finally, we discuss the positive impacts of living materials on promoting sustainability and key future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin An
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanyi Wang
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuzhu Liu
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongmin Xun
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - George M Church
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, Massachusetts United States.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts United States
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tzu-Chieh Tang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, Massachusetts United States.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts United States
| | - Chao Zhong
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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13
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Jayasekara S, Dissanayake L, Jayakody LN. Opportunities in the microbial valorization of sugar industrial organic waste to biodegradable smart food packaging materials. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 377:109785. [PMID: 35752069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many petroleum-derived plastics, including food packaging materials are non-biodegradable and designed for single-use applications. Annually, around 175 Mt. of plastic enters the land and ocean ecosystems due to mismanagement and lack of techno economically feasible plastic waste recycling technologies. Renewable sourced, biodegradable polymer-based food packaging materials can reduce this environmental pollution. Sugar production from sugarcane or sugar beet generates organic waste streams that contain fermentable substrates, including sugars, acids, and aromatics. Microbial metabolism can be leveraged to funnel those molecules to platform chemicals or biopolymers to generate biodegradable food packaging materials that have active or sensing molecules embedded in biopolymer matrices. The smart package can real-time monitor food quality, assure health safety, and provide economic and environmental benefits. Active packaging materials display functional properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and light or gas barrier. This article provides an overview of potential biodegradable smart/active polymer packages for food applications by valorizing sugar industry-generated organic waste. We highlight the potential microbial pathways and metabolic engineering strategies to biofunnel the waste carbon efficiently into the targeted platform chemicals such as lactic, succinate, muconate, and biopolymers, including polyhydroxyalkanoates, and bacterial cellulose. The obtained platform chemicals can be used to produce biodegradable polymers such as poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) that could replace incumbent polyethylene and polypropylene food packaging materials. When nanomaterials are added, these polymers can be active/smart. The process can remarkably lower the greenhouse gas emission and energy used to produce food-packaging material via sugar industrial waste carbon relative to the petroleum-based production. The proposed green routes enable the valorization of sugar processing organic waste into biodegradable materials and enable the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Jayasekara
- School of Biological Science, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Lakshika Dissanayake
- School of Biological Science, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Lahiru N Jayakody
- School of Biological Science, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA; Fermentation Science Institute, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA.
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14
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A turning point in the bacterial nanocellulose production employing low doses of gamma radiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7012. [PMID: 35488046 PMCID: PMC9054840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, huge efforts have been conducted to conceive a cost-effective production process of the bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), thanks to its marvelous properties and broadening applications. Herein, we unveiled the impact of gamma irradiation on the BNC yield by a novel bacterial strain Komagataeibacter hansenii KO28 which was exposed to different irradiation doses via a designed scheme, where the productivity and the structural properties of the BNC were inspected. After incubation for 240 h, the highest BNC yield was perceived from the culture treated twice with 0.5 kGy, recording about 475% higher than the control culture. Furthermore, almost 92% of its BNC yield emerged in the first six days. The physicochemical characteristics of the BNCs were investigated adopting scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Additionally, the water holding capacity, water release rate, surface area (BET), and mechanical properties were configured for the BNC generated from the control and the irradiated cultures. As a whole, there were no significant variations in the properties of the BNC produced by the irradiated cultures versus the control, proposing the strain irradiation as a valuable, facile, and cheap route to augment the BNC yield.
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15
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Choi SM, Rao KM, Zo SM, Shin EJ, Han SS. Bacterial Cellulose and Its Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061080. [PMID: 35335411 PMCID: PMC8949969 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharp increase in the use of cellulose seems to be in increasing demand in wood; much more research related to sustainable or alternative materials is necessary as a lot of the arable land and natural resources use is unsustainable. In accordance, attention has focused on bacterial cellulose as a new functional material. It possesses a three-dimensional, gelatinous structure consisting of cellulose with mechanical and thermal properties. Moreover, while a plant-originated cellulose is composed of cellulose, hemi-cellulose, and lignin, bacterial cellulose attributable to the composition of a pure cellulose nanofiber mesh spun is not necessary in the elimination of other components. Moreover, due to its hydrophilic nature caused by binding water, consequently being a hydrogel as well as biocompatibility, it has only not only used in medical fields including artificial skin, cartilage, vessel, and wound dressing, but also in delivery; some products have even been commercialized. In addition, it is widely used in various technologies including food, paper, textile, electronic and electrical applications, and is being considered as a highly versatile green material with tremendous potential. However, many efforts have been conducted for the evolution of novel and sophisticated materials with environmental affinity, which accompany the empowerment and enhancement of specific properties. In this review article, we summarized only industry and research status regarding BC and contemplated its potential in the use of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Mo Choi
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeung-Nam University, Gyengsan-si 38541, Korea;
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeung-Nam University, Gyengsan-si 38541, Korea; (K.M.R.); (S.M.Z.)
| | - Kummara Madhusudana Rao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeung-Nam University, Gyengsan-si 38541, Korea; (K.M.R.); (S.M.Z.)
| | - Sun Mi Zo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeung-Nam University, Gyengsan-si 38541, Korea; (K.M.R.); (S.M.Z.)
| | - Eun Joo Shin
- Department of Organic Materials and Polymer Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.J.S.); (S.S.H.); Tel.: +82-51-2007343 (E.J.S.); +82-53-8103892 (S.S.H.); Fax: +82-51-2007540 (E.J.S.); +82-53-8104686 (S.S.H.)
| | - Sung Soo Han
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeung-Nam University, Gyengsan-si 38541, Korea;
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeung-Nam University, Gyengsan-si 38541, Korea; (K.M.R.); (S.M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.J.S.); (S.S.H.); Tel.: +82-51-2007343 (E.J.S.); +82-53-8103892 (S.S.H.); Fax: +82-51-2007540 (E.J.S.); +82-53-8104686 (S.S.H.)
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16
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Bacterial cellulose production, functionalization, and development of hybrid materials using synthetic biology. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Decellularized Alstroemeria flower stem modified with chitosan for tissue engineering purposes: A cellulose/chitosan scaffold. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:321-332. [PMID: 35149092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing plant-based scaffolds has pulled in the consideration of tissue engineers. Plant tissues own different structures with particular porosity and structure. In this study, the stem of the Alstroemeria flower was designated for decellularization to fabricate a new scaffold. The stems were decellularized and called AFSP and then modified by chitosan and named AFSPC. Osteoblast precursor cell line was employed to assess the biological potential of the final scaffolds. The results uncovered that AFSP owns linear microchannels with a smooth surface. AFSPC delineated uniform chitosan coating on the walls with appropriate roughness. AFSPC showed higher potential in swelling, degradation, diffusion, and having a porous structure than AFSP. Modification with chitosan improved mechanical behavior. Biological assays depicted no cytotoxicity for AFSP and AFSPC. AFSPC showed good cell attachment, proliferation, and migration. In conclusion, modified tissue plants can be a good candidate for tissue engineering of both soft and hard tissues.
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18
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Synthetic biology: a new frontier in food production. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:781-803. [PMID: 35120749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding food security arise from population growth, global warming, and reduction in arable land. With advances in synthetic biology, food production by microbes is considered to be a promising alternative that would allow rapid food production in an environmentally friendly manner. Moreover, synthetic biology can be adopted to the production of healthier or specifically designed food ingredients (e.g., high-value proteins, lipids, and vitamins) and broaden the utilization of feedstocks (e.g., methanol and CO2), thereby offering potential solutions to high-quality food and the greenhouse effect. We first present how synthetic biology can facilitate the microbial production of various food components, and then discuss feedstock availability enabled by synthetic biology. Finally, we illustrate trends and key challenges in synthetic biology-driven food production.
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19
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Volova TG, Prudnikova SV, Kiselev EG, Nemtsev IV, Vasiliev AD, Kuzmin AP, Shishatskaya EI. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) and BC Composites: Production and Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:192. [PMID: 35055211 PMCID: PMC8780924 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Komagataeibacter xylinus strain B-12068 was investigated on various C-substrates, under submerged conditions with stirring and in static surface cultures. We implemented the synthesis of BC on glycerol, glucose, beet molasses, sprat oil, and a mixture of glucose with sunflower oil. The most productive process was obtained during the production of inoculum in submerged culture and subsequent growth of large BC films (up to 0.2 m2 and more) in a static surface culture. The highest productivity of the BC synthesis process was obtained with the growth of bacteria on molasses and glycerol, 1.20 and 1.45 g/L per day, respectively. We obtained BC composites with silver nanoparticles (BC/AgNPs) and antibacterial drugs (chlorhexidine, baneocin, cefotaxime, and doripenem), and investigated the structure, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of composites. The disc-diffusion method showed pronounced antibacterial activity of BC composites against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G. Volova
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.P.); (E.G.K.); (I.V.N.); (A.D.V.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Prudnikova
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.P.); (E.G.K.); (I.V.N.); (A.D.V.); (E.I.S.)
| | - Evgeniy G. Kiselev
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.P.); (E.G.K.); (I.V.N.); (A.D.V.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Nemtsev
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.P.); (E.G.K.); (I.V.N.); (A.D.V.); (E.I.S.)
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Vasiliev
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.P.); (E.G.K.); (I.V.N.); (A.D.V.); (E.I.S.)
- L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/38 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey P. Kuzmin
- School of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (S.V.P.); (E.G.K.); (I.V.N.); (A.D.V.); (E.I.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 50/50 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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20
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R R, Philip E, Thomas D, Madhavan A, Sindhu R, Binod P, Varjani S, Awasthi MK, Pandey A. Bacterial nanocellulose: engineering, production, and applications. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11463-11483. [PMID: 34818969 PMCID: PMC8810168 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has been emerging as a biomaterial of considerable significance in a number of industrial sectors because of its remarkable physico-chemical and biological characteristics. High capital expenses, manufacturing costs, and a paucity of some well-scalable methods, all of which lead to low BNC output in commercial scale, are major barriers that must be addressed. Advances in production methods, including bioreactor technologies, static intermittent, and semi-continuous fed batch technologies, and innovative outlay substrates, may be able to overcome the challenges to BNC production at the industrial scale. The novelty of this review is that it highlights genetic modification possibilities in BNC production to overcome existing impediments and open up viable routes for large-scale production, suitable for real-world applications. This review focuses on various production routes of BNC, its properties, and applications, especially the major advancement in food, personal care, biomedical and electronic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmy R
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, India
| | - Deepa Thomas
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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21
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Vadaye Kheiry E, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Kerachian MA. Implantation of stem cells on synthetic or biological scaffolds: an overview of bone regeneration. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:238-268. [PMID: 34789069 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.2003590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a wide range of bone tissue injuries. In severe cases, bone damages could be only treated with transplantation of autologous or allogeneic grafting.In recent years, tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged organs and tissues, providing a great opportunity to cure several diseases. Bone tissue engineering consists of three components: scaffold, cells, and growth factors. Current bone tissue engineering strategies combine the use of stem cells with biologically active materials and gene therapy to mimic the natural microenvironment of bone. The combination of the scaffold with growth factors and extracellular matrix protein molecules can promote cell attachment, proliferation, and induce osteogenesis, which could provide signals for cell migration to begin the healing process during repair and bone formation.This article reviews the principles of bone regeneration and the most current developments of bone tissue engineering related to bone growth factors, the biologically active materials, such as bacterial cellulose, and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Vadaye Kheiry
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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23
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Singhania RR, Patel AK, Tsai ML, Chen CW, Di Dong C. Genetic modification for enhancing bacterial cellulose production and its applications. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6793-6807. [PMID: 34519629 PMCID: PMC8806912 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1968989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is higher in demand due to its excellent properties which is attributed to its purity and nano size. Komagataeibacter xylinum is a model organism where BC production has been studied in detail because of its higher cellulose production capacity. BC production mechanism shows involvement of a series of sequential reactions with enzymes for biosynthesis of cellulose. It is necessary to know the mechanism to understand the involvement of regulatory proteins which could be the probable targets for genetic modification to enhance or regulate yield of BC and to alter BC properties as well. For the industrial production of BC, controlled synthesis is desired so as to save energy, hence genetic manipulation opens up avenues for upregulating or controlling the cellulose synthesis in the bacterium by targeting genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis. In this review article genetic modification has been presented as a tool to introduce desired changes at genetic level resulting in improved yield or properties. There has been a lack of studies on genetic modification for BC production due to limited availability of information on whole genome and genetic toolkits; however, in last few years, the number of studies has been increased on this aspect as whole genome sequencing of several Komagataeibacter strains are being done. In this review article, we have presented the mechanisms and the targets for genetic modifications in order to achieve desired changes in the BC production titer as well as its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Szustak M, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Nanocellulose-Based Scaffolds for Chondrogenic Differentiation and Expansion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:736213. [PMID: 34485266 PMCID: PMC8415884 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.736213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose deserves special attention among the large group of biocompatible biomaterials. It exhibits good mechanical properties, which qualifies it for potential use as a scaffold imitating cartilage. However, the reconstruction of cartilage is a big challenge due to this tissue's limited regenerative capacity resulting from its lack of vascularization, innervations, and sparsely distributed chondrocytes. This feature restricts the infiltration of progenitor cells into damaged sites. Unfortunately, differentiated chondrocytes are challenging to obtain, and mesenchymal stem cells have become an alternative approach to promote chondrogenesis. Importantly, nanocellulose scaffolds induce the differentiation of stem cells into chondrocyte phenotypes. In this review, we present the recent progress of nanocellulose-based scaffolds promoting the development of cartilage tissue, especially within the emphasis on chondrogenic differentiation and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Nicu R, Ciolacu F, Ciolacu DE. Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1125. [PMID: 34452086 PMCID: PMC8399340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising "green" materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals-CNC, cellulose nanofibrils-CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose-BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana E. Ciolacu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
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Buldum G, Mantalaris A. Systematic Understanding of Recent Developments in Bacterial Cellulose Biosynthesis at Genetic, Bioprocess and Product Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137192. [PMID: 34281246 PMCID: PMC8268586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering biological processes has become a standard approach to produce various commercially valuable chemicals, therapeutics, and biomaterials. Among these products, bacterial cellulose represents major advances to biomedical and healthcare applications. In comparison to properties of plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose (BC) shows distinctive characteristics such as a high purity, high water retention, and biocompatibility. However, low product yield and extensive cultivation times have been the main challenges in the large-scale production of BC. For decades, studies focused on optimization of cellulose production through modification of culturing strategies and conditions. With an increasing demand for BC, researchers are now exploring to improve BC production and functionality at different categories: genetic, bioprocess, and product levels as well as model driven approaches targeting each of these categories. This comprehensive review discusses the progress in BC platforms categorizing the most recent advancements under different research focuses and provides systematic understanding of the progress in BC biosynthesis. The aim of this review is to present the potential of ‘modern genetic engineering tools’ and ‘model-driven approaches’ on improving the yield of BC, altering the properties, and adding new functionality. We also provide insights for the future perspectives and potential approaches to promote BC use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Buldum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence:
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Blanco FG, Hernández N, Rivero-Buceta V, Maestro B, Sanz JM, Mato A, Hernández-Arriaga AM, Prieto MA. From Residues to Added-Value Bacterial Biopolymers as Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061492. [PMID: 34200068 PMCID: PMC8228158 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biopolymers are naturally occurring materials comprising a wide range of molecules with diverse chemical structures that can be produced from renewable sources following the principles of the circular economy. Over the last decades, they have gained substantial interest in the biomedical field as drug nanocarriers, implantable material coatings, and tissue-regeneration scaffolds or membranes due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability into nonhazardous disintegration products, and their mechanical properties, which are similar to those of human tissues. The present review focuses upon three technologically advanced bacterial biopolymers, namely, bacterial cellulose (BC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA), as models of different carbon-backbone structures (polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides) produced by bacteria that are suitable for biomedical applications in nanoscale systems. This selection models evidence of the wide versatility of microorganisms to generate biopolymers by diverse metabolic strategies. We highlight the suitability for applied sustainable bioprocesses for the production of BC, PHA, and PGA based on renewable carbon sources and the singularity of each process driven by bacterial machinery. The inherent properties of each polymer can be fine-tuned by means of chemical and biotechnological approaches, such as metabolic engineering and peptide functionalization, to further expand their structural diversity and their applicability as nanomaterials in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Blanco
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hernández
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Rivero-Buceta
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Maestro
- Host-Parasite Interplay in Pneumococcal Infection Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jesús M. Sanz
- Host-Parasite Interplay in Pneumococcal Infection Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Aránzazu Mato
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Hernández-Arriaga
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Auxiliadora Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.B.); (N.H.); (V.R.-B.); (A.M.); (A.M.H.-A.)
- Polymer Biotechnology Group, Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Biological Research Centre Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Moradi M, Jacek P, Farhangfar A, Guimarães JT, Forough M. The role of genetic manipulation and in situ modifications on production of bacterial nanocellulose: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:635-650. [PMID: 33957199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are well-known biomaterials because of their availability and low-cost, with applications in diverse fields. Cellulose, a renowned polysaccharide, can be obtained from different sources including plants, algae, and bacteria, but recently much attention has been paid to the microorganisms due to their potential of producing renewable compounds. In this regard, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a novel type of nanocellulose material that is commercially synthesized mainly by Komagataeibacter spp. Characteristics such as purity, porosity, and remarkable mechanical properties made BNC a superior green biopolymer with applications in pharmacology, biomedicine, bioprocessing, and food. Genetic manipulation of BNC-producing strains and in situ modifications of the culturing conditions can lead to BNC with enhanced yield/productivity and properties. This review mainly highlights the role of genetic engineering of Komagataeibacter strains and co-culturing of bacterial strains with additives such as microorganisms and nanomaterials to synthesize BNC with improved functionality and productivity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Paulina Jacek
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 16, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | | | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mehrdad Forough
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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Fricke PM, Klemm A, Bott M, Polen T. On the way toward regulatable expression systems in acetic acid bacteria: target gene expression and use cases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3423-3456. [PMID: 33856535 PMCID: PMC8102297 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are valuable biocatalysts for which there is growing interest in understanding their basics including physiology and biochemistry. This is accompanied by growing demands for metabolic engineering of AAB to take advantage of their properties and to improve their biomanufacturing efficiencies. Controlled expression of target genes is key to fundamental and applied microbiological research. In order to get an overview of expression systems and their applications in AAB, we carried out a comprehensive literature search using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The Acetobacteraceae family currently comprises 49 genera. We found overall 6097 publications related to one or more AAB genera since 1973, when the first successful recombinant DNA experiments in Escherichia coli have been published. The use of plasmids in AAB began in 1985 and till today was reported for only nine out of the 49 AAB genera currently described. We found at least five major expression plasmid lineages and a multitude of further expression plasmids, almost all enabling only constitutive target gene expression. Only recently, two regulatable expression systems became available for AAB, an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-inducible system for Komagataeibacter rhaeticus and an L-arabinose-inducible system for Gluconobacter oxydans. Thus, after 35 years of constitutive target gene expression in AAB, we now have the first regulatable expression systems for AAB in hand and further regulatable expression systems for AAB can be expected. KEY POINTS: • Literature search revealed developments and usage of expression systems in AAB. • Only recently 2 regulatable plasmid systems became available for only 2 AAB genera. • Further regulatable expression systems for AAB are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moritz Fricke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelika Klemm
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Mukherjee C, Chakraborty S. Study of dietary polyphenols from natural herbal sources for providing protection against human degenerative disorders. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gilbert C, Tang TC, Ott W, Dorr BA, Shaw WM, Sun GL, Lu TK, Ellis T. Living materials with programmable functionalities grown from engineered microbial co-cultures. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:691-700. [PMID: 33432140 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems assemble living materials that are autonomously patterned, can self-repair and can sense and respond to their environment. The field of engineered living materials aims to create novel materials with properties similar to those of natural biomaterials using genetically engineered organisms. Here, we describe an approach to fabricating functional bacterial cellulose-based living materials using a stable co-culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and bacterial cellulose-producing Komagataeibacter rhaeticus bacteria. Yeast strains can be engineered to secrete enzymes into bacterial cellulose, generating autonomously grown catalytic materials and enabling DNA-encoded modification of bacterial cellulose bulk properties. Alternatively, engineered yeast can be incorporated within the growing cellulose matrix, creating living materials that can sense and respond to chemical and optical stimuli. This symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast is a flexible platform for the production of bacterial cellulose-based engineered living materials with potential applications in biosensing and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Gilbert
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tzu-Chieh Tang
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Mediated Matter Group, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ott
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brandon A Dorr
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William M Shaw
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George L Sun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Tom Ellis
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Singh A, Walker KT, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ellis T. Engineering Bacterial Cellulose by Synthetic Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9185. [PMID: 33276459 PMCID: PMC7730232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology is an advanced form of genetic manipulation that applies the principles of modularity and engineering design to reprogram cells by changing their DNA. Over the last decade, synthetic biology has begun to be applied to bacteria that naturally produce biomaterials, in order to boost material production, change material properties and to add new functionalities to the resulting material. Recent work has used synthetic biology to engineer several Komagataeibacter strains; bacteria that naturally secrete large amounts of the versatile and promising material bacterial cellulose (BC). In this review, we summarize how genetic engineering, metabolic engineering and now synthetic biology have been used in Komagataeibacter strains to alter BC, improve its production and begin to add new functionalities into this easy-to-grow material. As well as describing the milestone advances, we also look forward to what will come next from engineering bacterial cellulose by synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritpal Singh
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.S.); (K.T.W.); (R.L.-A.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kenneth T. Walker
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.S.); (K.T.W.); (R.L.-A.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.S.); (K.T.W.); (R.L.-A.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tom Ellis
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.S.); (K.T.W.); (R.L.-A.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Srubar WV. Engineered Living Materials: Taxonomies and Emerging Trends. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:574-583. [PMID: 33234328 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At the intersection of synthetic biology and materials science, the field of engineered living materials (ELMs) has evolved into a new, standalone discipline. The fusion of bioengineering's design-build-test-learn approaches with classical materials science has yielded breakthrough innovations in the synthesis of complex, biologically active materials for functional applications in therapeutics, electronics, construction, and beyond. However, the transdisciplinary nature of the ELM field - and its rapid growth - has made holistic comprehension of achievements related to the tools, techniques, and applications of ELMs difficult across disciplines. To this end, this review proposes an emergent taxonomy of ELM research and uses the categorization to discuss current trends and state-of-the-art advancements, significant opportunities, and imminent challenges for scientists and engineers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wil V Srubar
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Towards control of cellulose biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter using systems-level and strain engineering strategies: current progress and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6565-6585. [PMID: 32529377 PMCID: PMC7347698 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The strains of the Komagataeibacter genus have been shown to be the most efficient bacterial nanocellulose producers. Although exploited for many decades, the studies of these species focused mainly on the optimisation of cellulose synthesis process through modification of culturing conditions in the industrially relevant settings. Molecular physiology of Komagataeibacter was poorly understood and only a few studies explored genetic engineering as a strategy for strain improvement. Only since recently the systemic information of the Komagataeibacter species has been accumulating in the form of omics datasets representing sequenced genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes. Genetic analyses of the mutants generated in the untargeted strain modification studies have drawn attention to other important proteins, beyond those of the core catalytic machinery of the cellulose synthase complex. Recently, modern molecular and synthetic biology tools have been developed which showed the potential for improving targeted strain engineering. Taking the advantage of the gathered knowledge should allow for better understanding of the genotype–phenotype relationship which is necessary for robust modelling of metabolism as well as selection and testing of new molecular engineering targets. In this review, we discuss the current progress in the area of Komagataeibacter systems biology and its impact on the research aimed at scaled-up cellulose synthesis as well as BNC functionalisation.Key points • The accumulated omics datasets advanced the systemic understanding of Komagataeibacter physiology at the molecular level. • Untargeted and targeted strain modification approaches have been applied to improve nanocellulose yield and properties. • The development of modern molecular and synthetic biology tools presents a potential for enhancing targeted strain engineering. • The accumulating omic information should improve modelling of Komagataeibacter’s metabolism as well as selection and testing of new molecular engineering targets. |
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Bacterial Cellulose as a Versatile Platform for Research and Development of Biomedical Materials. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique pool of features found in intracellular and extracellular bacterial biopolymers attracts a lot of research, with bacterial cellulose (BC) being one of the most versatile and common. BC is an exopolysaccharide consisting solely of cellulose, and the variation in the production process can vary its shape or even its composition when compounding is applied in situ. Together with ex situ modification pathways, including specialised polymers, particles or exclusively functional groups, BC provides a robust platform that yields complex multifunctional compounds that go far beyond ultra-high purity, intrinsic hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and biocompatibility to introduce bioactive, (pH, thermal, electro) responsive, conductive and ‘smart’ properties. This review summarises the research outcomes in BC-medical applications, focusing mainly on data from the past decade (i.e., 2010–2020), with special emphasis on BC nanocomposites as materials and devices applicable in medicine. The high purity and unique structural/mechanical features, in addition to its capacity to closely adhere to irregular skin surfaces, skin tolerance, and demonstrated efficacy in wound healing, all stand as valuable attributes advantageous in topical drug delivery. Numerous studies prove BC compatibility with various human cells, with modifications even improving cell affinity and viability. Even BC represents a physical barrier that can reduce the penetration of bacteria into the tissue, but in its native form does not exhibit antimicrobial properties, therefore carious modifications have been made or specific compounds added to confer antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory properties. Progress in the use of BC-compounds as wound dressings, vascular grafts, and scaffolds for the treatment of cartilage, bone and osteochondral defects, the role as a basement membrane in blood-brain barrier models and many more are discussed to particular extent, emphasising the need for BC compounding to meet specific requirements.
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Grigull NP, Redeker JI, Schmitt B, Saller MM, Schönitzer V, Mayer-Wagner S. Chondrogenic Potential of Pellet Culture Compared to High-Density Culture on a Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082785. [PMID: 32316353 PMCID: PMC7215943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based approaches of cartilage lesions use different culture systems to obtain optimal cell quality. Pellet cultures with high cellular density (HD) are the gold standard to keep chondrocytes in a differentiated stage. Bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel is discussed to prevent cellular aging and dedifferentiation. The hypothesis of this study was that HD culture on BC hydrogel (HD hydrogel) might reach the chondrogenic potential of pellet culture (pellet). Human articular osteoarthritic (OA) and non-osteoarthritic (non-OA) chondrocytes were cultured for seven days within pellets and compared to HD hydrogel and HD polystyrene. Gene expression analysis and histological assessment were performed. We observed no significant change of COL2A1 expression by the culture system (pellet, HD hydrogel and HD polystyrene) but a significant change of COL2A1/COL1A1-ratio, with the highest ratio in pellets. Chondrocytes on HD hydrogel showed an elevated expression of MMP13 and on polystyrene an increased expression of COL1A1 and MMP13. The patterns of gene expression changes observed in OA and non-OA chondrocytes in reaction to the different culture systems were similar in those two cell groups. Pellet cultures moreover formed a histomorphologically superior neocartilage. Concluding, human chondrocytes kept the potential to express COL2A1 in all HD culture systems. However, pellets excelled in a higher COL2A1/COL1A1-ratio, a higher extracellular matrix deposit and in not developing degeneration and dedifferentiation markers. This underlines the superiority of pellet culture in maintaining the chondrogenic potential of human chondrocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Pascale Grigull
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.P.G.); (J.I.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Julia Isabelle Redeker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.P.G.); (J.I.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Bärbel Schmitt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.P.G.); (J.I.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (M.M.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Veronika Schönitzer
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (M.M.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Susanne Mayer-Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.P.G.); (J.I.R.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-44007-4857
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Raghavendran V, Asare E, Roy I. Bacterial cellulose: Biosynthesis, production, and applications. Adv Microb Physiol 2020; 77:89-138. [PMID: 34756212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer produced by the acetic acid producing bacterium and has gathered much interest over the last decade for its biomedical and biotechnological applications. Unlike the plant derived cellulose nanofibres, which require pretreatment to deconstruct the recalcitrant lignocellulosic network, BC are 100% pure, and are extruded by cells as nanofibrils. Moreover, these nanofibrils can be converted to macrofibers that possess excellent material properties, surpassing even the strength of steel, and can be used as substitutes for fossil fuel derived synthetic fibers. The focus of the review is to present the fundamental long-term research on the influence of environmental factors on the organism's BC production capabilities, the production methods that are available for scaling up/scaled-up processes, and its use as a bulk commodity or for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendran Raghavendran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Asare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Portela R, Leal CR, Almeida PL, Sobral RG. Bacterial cellulose: a versatile biopolymer for wound dressing applications. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:586-610. [PMID: 30838788 PMCID: PMC6559198 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several therapeutic approaches are available for wound and burn treatment and much progress has been made in this area, room for improvement still exists, driven by the urgent need of better strategies to accelerate wound healing and recovery, mostly for cases of severe burned patients. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by bacteria with several advantages over vegetal cellulose, such as purity, high porosity, permeability to liquid and gases, elevated water uptake capacity and mechanical robustness. Besides its biocompatibility, BC can be modified in order to acquire antibacterial response and possible local drug delivery features. Due to its intrinsic versatility, BC is the perfect example of a biotechnological response to a clinical problem. In this review, we assess the BC main features and emphasis is given to a specific biomedical application: wound dressings. The production process and the physical-chemical properties that entitle this material to be used as wound dressing namely for burn healing are highlighted. An overview of the most common BC composites and their enhanced properties, in particular physical and biological, is provided, including the different production processes. A particular focus is given to the biochemistry and genetic manipulation of BC. A summary of the current marketed BC-based wound dressing products is presented, and finally, future perspectives for the usage of BC as wound dressing are foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Portela
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Bacterial PathogensUCIBIO@REQUIMTEDepartamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829‐516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Catarina R. Leal
- Área Departamental de FísicaISEL ‐ Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de LisboaRua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1P‐1959‐007LisboaPortugal
- CENIMAT/I3NDepartamento de Ciência dos MateriaisFaculdade Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829‐516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Pedro L. Almeida
- Área Departamental de FísicaISEL ‐ Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de LisboaRua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1P‐1959‐007LisboaPortugal
- CENIMAT/I3NDepartamento de Ciência dos MateriaisFaculdade Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829‐516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Rita G. Sobral
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Bacterial PathogensUCIBIO@REQUIMTEDepartamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829‐516CaparicaPortugal
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Jacek P, Dourado F, Gama M, Bielecki S. Molecular aspects of bacterial nanocellulose biosynthesis. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:633-649. [PMID: 30883026 PMCID: PMC6559022 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced by aerobic bacteria is a biopolymer with sophisticated technical properties. Although the potential for economically relevant applications is huge, the cost of BNC still limits its application to a few biomedical devices and the edible product Nata de Coco, made available by traditional fermentation methods in Asian countries. Thus, a wider economic relevance of BNC is still dependent on breakthrough developments on the production technology. On the other hand, the development of modified strains able to overproduce BNC with new properties - e.g. porosity, density of fibres crosslinking, mechanical properties, etc. - will certainly allow to overcome investment and cost production issues and enlarge the scope of BNC applications. This review discusses current knowledge about the molecular basis of BNC biosynthesis, its regulations and, finally, presents a perspective on the genetic modification of BNC producers made possible by the new tools available for genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jacek
- Institute of Technical BiochemistryLodz University of Technology4/10 Stefanowskiego Str90‐924LodzPoland
| | - Fernando Dourado
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‐057BragaPortugal
| | - Miguel Gama
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‐057BragaPortugal
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Technical BiochemistryLodz University of Technology4/10 Stefanowskiego Str90‐924LodzPoland
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Roman M, Haring AP, Bertucio TJ. The growing merits and dwindling limitations of bacterial cellulose-based tissue engineering scaffolds. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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van Zyl EM, Coburn JM. Hierarchical structure of bacterial-derived cellulose and its impact on biomedical applications. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Teh MY, Ooi KH, Danny Teo SX, Bin Mansoor ME, Shaun Lim WZ, Tan MH. An Expanded Synthetic Biology Toolkit for Gene Expression Control in Acetobacteraceae. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:708-723. [PMID: 30865830 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The availability of different host chassis will greatly expand the range of applications in synthetic biology. Members of the Acetobacteraceae family of Gram-negative bacteria form an attractive class of nonmodel microorganisms that can be exploited to produce industrial chemicals, food and beverage, and biomaterials. One such biomaterial is bacterial cellulose, which is a strong and ultrapure natural polymer used in tissue engineering scaffolds, wound dressings, electronics, food additives, and other products. However, despite the potential of Acetobacteraceae in biotechnology, there has been considerably little effort to fundamentally reprogram the bacteria for enhanced performance. One limiting factor is the lack of a well-characterized, comprehensive toolkit to control expression of genes in biosynthetic pathways and regulatory networks to optimize production and cell viability. Here, we address this shortcoming by building an expanded genetic toolkit for synthetic biology applications in Acetobacteraceae. We characterized the performance of multiple natural and synthetic promoters, ribosome binding sites, terminators, and degradation tags in three different strains, namely, Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 700178, Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 53582, and Komagataeibacter rhaeticus iGEM. Our quantitative data revealed strain-specific and common design rules for the precise control of gene expression in these industrially relevant bacterial species. We further applied our tools to synthesize a biodegradable cellulose-chitin copolymer, adjust the structure of the cellulose film produced, and implement CRISPR interference for ready down-regulation of gene expression. Collectively, our genetic parts will enable the efficient engineering of Acetobacteraceae bacteria for the biomanufacturing of cellulose-based materials and other commercially valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan Teh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459 Singapore
| | - Kean Hean Ooi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Shun Xiang Danny Teo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 138672 Singapore
| | | | - Wen Zheng Shaun Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459 Singapore
| | - Meng How Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459 Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 138672 Singapore
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Bacakova L, Pajorova J, Bacakova M, Skogberg A, Kallio P, Kolarova K, Svorcik V. Versatile Application of Nanocellulose: From Industry to Skin Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020164. [PMID: 30699947 PMCID: PMC6410160 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is cellulose in the form of nanostructures, i.e., features not exceeding 100 nm at least in one dimension. These nanostructures include nanofibrils, found in bacterial cellulose; nanofibers, present particularly in electrospun matrices; and nanowhiskers, nanocrystals, nanorods, and nanoballs. These structures can be further assembled into bigger two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nano-, micro-, and macro-structures, such as nanoplatelets, membranes, films, microparticles, and porous macroscopic matrices. There are four main sources of nanocellulose: bacteria (Gluconacetobacter), plants (trees, shrubs, herbs), algae (Cladophora), and animals (Tunicata). Nanocellulose has emerged for a wide range of industrial, technology, and biomedical applications, namely for adsorption, ultrafiltration, packaging, conservation of historical artifacts, thermal insulation and fire retardation, energy extraction and storage, acoustics, sensorics, controlled drug delivery, and particularly for tissue engineering. Nanocellulose is promising for use in scaffolds for engineering of blood vessels, neural tissue, bone, cartilage, liver, adipose tissue, urethra and dura mater, for repairing connective tissue and congenital heart defects, and for constructing contact lenses and protective barriers. This review is focused on applications of nanocellulose in skin tissue engineering and wound healing as a scaffold for cell growth, for delivering cells into wounds, and as a material for advanced wound dressings coupled with drug delivery, transparency and sensorics. Potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of nanocellulose are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Julia Pajorova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic.
| | - Anne Skogberg
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pasi Kallio
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Katerina Kolarova
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Svorcik
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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46
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Gilbert C, Ellis T. Biological Engineered Living Materials: Growing Functional Materials with Genetically Programmable Properties. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1-15. [PMID: 30576101 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural biological materials exhibit remarkable properties: self-assembly from simple raw materials, precise control of morphology, diverse physical and chemical properties, self-repair, and the ability to sense-and-respond to environmental stimuli. Despite having found numerous uses in human industry and society, the utility of natural biological materials is limited. But, could it be possible to genetically program microbes to create entirely new and useful biological materials? At the intersection between microbiology, material science, and synthetic biology, the emerging field of biological engineered living materials (ELMs) aims to answer this question. Here we review recent efforts to program cells to produce living materials with novel functional properties, focusing on microbial systems that can be engineered to grow materials and on new genetic circuits for pattern formation that could be used to produce the more complex systems of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Gilbert
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Tom Ellis
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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47
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Nanocellulose Composite Biomaterials in Industry and Medicine. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Anderson LA, Islam MA, Prather KLJ. Synthetic biology strategies for improving microbial synthesis of "green" biopolymers. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5053-5061. [PMID: 29339554 PMCID: PMC5892568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm117.000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based biopolymers have many material properties relevant to industrial and medical uses, including as drug delivery agents, wound-healing adhesives, and food additives and stabilizers. Traditionally, polysaccharides are obtained from natural sources. Microbial synthesis offers an attractive alternative for sustainable production of tailored biopolymers. Here, we review synthetic biology strategies for select "green" biopolymers: cellulose, alginate, chitin, chitosan, and hyaluronan. Microbial production pathways, opportunities for pathway yield improvements, and advances in microbial engineering of biopolymers in various hosts are discussed. Taken together, microbial engineering has expanded the repertoire of green biological chemistry by increasing the diversity of biobased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Anderson
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - M Ahsanul Islam
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kristala L J Prather
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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49
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Yates LE, Mills DC, DeLisa MP. Bacterial Glycoengineering as a Biosynthetic Route to Customized Glycomolecules. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 175:167-200. [PMID: 30099598 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have garnered increased interest in recent years as a platform for the biosynthesis of a variety of glycomolecules such as soluble oligosaccharides, surface-exposed carbohydrates, and glycoproteins. The ability to engineer commonly used laboratory species such as Escherichia coli to efficiently synthesize non-native sugar structures by recombinant expression of enzymes from various carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways has allowed for the facile generation of important products such as conjugate vaccines, glycosylated outer membrane vesicles, and a variety of other research reagents for studying and understanding the role of glycans in living systems. This chapter highlights some of the key discoveries and technologies for equipping bacteria with the requisite biosynthetic machinery to generate such products. As the bacterial glyco-toolbox continues to grow, these technologies are expected to expand the range of glycomolecules produced recombinantly in bacterial systems, thereby opening up this platform to an even larger number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Yates
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dominic C Mills
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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50
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Takeda M, Kondo K, Sanda S, Kan D, Borges IK, Suzuki I, Katahira M. Enzymatic degradation of β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosaminoglucan prepared from Thiothrix nivea. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:323-328. [PMID: 29253548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thiothrix nivea is a filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacterium commonly found in activated sludge. The filament of this bacterium is covered with a sheath. The sheath is an assemblage of macromolecular glucosaminoglucan (GG), [4)-β-d-GlcN-(1 → 4)-β-d-Glc-(1 → ]n, modified with an unidentified deoxy-sugar at position 3 of Glc. GG was obtained by dialysis after the partial hydrolysis of the sheath. The GG hydrogel was prepared by drying a GG solution. Then, the hydrogel was N-acetylated to prepare a stable hydrogel of N-acetylglucosaminoglucan (NGG), [4)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1 → 4)-β-d-Glc-(1 → ]n. The NGG hydrogel was stable in phosphate buffer but was disrupted by lysozyme addition, suggesting that NGG is susceptible to lysozyme degradation and has potential for medical use. The GG solution was N-acetylated to prepare a NGG suspension to confirm enzymatic degradation. The turbidity of the NGG suspension was decreased by lysozyme addition. Sugars released in the reaction mixture were derivatized with 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE) followed by HPLC analysis. Two major derivatives were detected, and their concentration was increased in reverse proportion to the turbidity of the reaction mixture. The derivatives were identified as GlcNAc-Glc-GlcNAc-Glc-ABEE and GlcNAc-Glc-ABEE by mass spectrometry. Consequently, NGG was found to be degraded by lysozyme via a mechanism similar to that of chitin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Takeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sanda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Isabele Kazahaya Borges
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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