1
|
Fregulia P, Campos MM, Dhakal R, Dias RJP, Neves ALA. Feed efficiency and enteric methane emissions indices are inconsistent with the outcomes of the rumen microbiome composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175263. [PMID: 39102957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The correlation between enteric methane emissions (eME) and feed efficiency (FE) in cattle is linked to the anaerobic fermentation of feedstuffs that occurs in the rumen. Several mathematical indices have been developed to predict feed efficiency and identify low methane emitters in herds. To investigate this, the current study aimed to evaluate the rumen microbial composition in the same group of animals ranked according to six different indices (three indices for FE and three for eME). Thirty-three heifers were ranked into three groups, each consisting of 11 animals, based on FE (feed conversion efficiency - FCE, residual weight gain - RG, and residual feed intake - RFI) and eME indices (production, yield, and intensity). Rumen fluids were collected using a stomach tube and analyzed using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA, targeting rumen bacteria, archaea, and protozoa. The sequencing analysis revealed that the presence of unique microbial species in the rumen varies across animals ranked by the FE and eME indices. The High RG group harbored 17 unique prokaryotic taxa, while the High FCE group contained only seven. Significant differences existed in the microbial profiles of the animals based on the FE and eME indices. For instance, Raoultibacter was more abundant in the Intermediate RFI group but less so in the Intermediate RG and Intermediate FCE groups. The abundance of Entodinium was higher while Diplodinium was lower in the High FCE group, in contrast to the High RG and High RFI groups. Methanobrevibacter exhibited similar abundances across eME indices. However, the heifers did not demonstrate the same production, yield, and intensity of eME. The present findings underscore the importance of standardizing the FE and eME indices. This standardization is crucial for ensuring consistent and reliable assessments of the composition and function of the rumen microbiome across different herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Fregulia
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Magalhães Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rajan Dhakal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - André Luis Alves Neves
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keogh K, Kenny DA, Alexandre PA, Waters SM, McGovern E, McGee M, Reverter A. Relationship between the rumen microbiome and liver transcriptome in beef cattle divergent for feed efficiency. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:52. [PMID: 39304935 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed costs account for a high proportion of the variable cost of beef production, ultimately impacting overall profitability. Thus, improving feed efficiency of beef cattle, by way of determining the underlying genomic control and selecting for feed efficient cattle provides a method through which feed input costs may be reduced whilst also contributing to the environmental sustainability of beef production. The rumen microbiome dictates the feed degradation capacity and consequent nutrient supply in ruminants, thus potentially impacted by feed efficiency phenotype. Equally, liver tissue has been shown to be responsive to feed efficiency phenotype as well as dietary intake. However, although both the rumen microbiome and liver transcriptome have been shown to be impacted by host feed efficiency phenotype, knowledge of the interaction between the rumen microbiome and other peripheral tissues within the body, including the liver is lacking. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare two contrasting breed types (Charolais and Holstein-Friesian) divergent for residual feed intake (RFI) over contrasting dietary phases (zero-grazed grass and high-concentrate), based on gene co-expression network analysis of liver transcriptome data and microbe co-abundance network of rumen microbiome data. Traits including RFI, dry matter intake (DMI) and growth rate (ADG), as well as rumen concentrations of volatile fatty acids were also included within the network analysis. RESULTS Overall, DMI had the greatest number of connections followed by RFI, with ADG displaying the fewest number of significant connections. Hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism were correlated to both RFI and DMI phenotypes, whilst genes related to immune response were correlated to DMI. Despite the known relationship between RFI and DMI, the same microbes were not directly connected to these phenotypes, the Succiniclasticum genus was however, negatively connected to both RFI and ADG. Additionally, a stepwise regression analysis revealed significant roles for both Succiniclasticum genus and Roseburia.faecis sp. in predicting RFI, DMI and ADG. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study highlight the interactive relationships between rumen microbiome and hepatic transcriptome data of cattle divergent for RFI, whilst also increasing our understanding of the underlying biology of both DMI and ADG in beef cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - David A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Pamela A Alexandre
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Sinead M Waters
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emily McGovern
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Mark McGee
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Skarlupka JH, Cox MS, Steinberger AJ, Sbardellati DL, McClure JC, Bickhart DM, Scheftgen AJ, Zuniga-Chaves I, Wolfe LA, Paget E, Skadron C, Attipetty N, Suen G. Oral swabs as a proxy for direct ruminal microbiome sampling in Holstein dairy cows is correlated with sample color. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1466375. [PMID: 39355424 PMCID: PMC11443345 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1466375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Using oral swabs to collect the remnants of stomach content regurgitation during rumination in dairy cows can replicate up to 70% of the ruminal bacterial community, offering potential for broad-scale population-based studies on the rumen microbiome. The swabs collected from dairy cows often vary widely with respect to sample quality, likely due to several factors such as time of sample collection and cow rumination behavior, which may limit the ability of a given swab to accurately represent the ruminal microbiome. One such factor is the color of the swab, which can vary significantly across different cows. Here, we hypothesize that darker-colored swabs contain more rumen contents, thereby better representing the ruminal bacterial community than lighter-colored swabs. To address this, we collected oral swabs from 402 dairy cows and rumen samples from 13 cannulated cows on a research farm in Wisconsin, United States and subjected them to 16S rRNA sequencing. In addition, given that little is known about the ability of oral swabs to recapitulate the ruminal fungal community, we also conducted ITS sequencing of these samples. To correlate swab color to the microbiota we developed and utilized a novel imaging approach to colorimetrically quantify each swab from a range of light to dark. We found that swabs with increasing darkness scores were significantly associated with increased bacterial alpha diversity (p < 0.05). Lighter swabs exhibited greater variation in their community structure, with many identified amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) categorized as belonging to known bovine oral and environmental taxa. Our analysis of the fungal microbiome found that swabs with increasing darkness scores were associated with decreased alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and were also significantly associated with the ruminal solids fungal community, but not with the ruminal liquid community. Our study refines the utility of oral swabs as a useful proxy for capturing the ruminal microbiome and demonstrates that swab color is an important factor to consider when using this approach for documenting both the bacterial and fungal communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Skarlupka
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Madison S Cox
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrew J Steinberger
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dino L Sbardellati
- Microbiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Derek M Bickhart
- USDA Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
- Hendrix Genetics, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Scheftgen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ibrahim Zuniga-Chaves
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luke A Wolfe
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eric Paget
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Charles Skadron
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nithya Attipetty
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Zhan J, Zhao S, Jiang H, Jia H, Pan Y, Zhong X, Huo J. Microbial-Metabolomic Exploration of Tea Polyphenols in the Regulation of Serum Indicators, Liver Metabolism, Rumen Microorganisms, and Metabolism in Hu Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2661. [PMID: 39335251 PMCID: PMC11429419 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of tea polyphenols on serum indices, rumen microorganisms, rumen metabolism, and liver metabolism in Hu sheep. Sixty healthy lambs, aged three months and with similar average weights, were chosen and randomly assigned to control (CON), TP400, TP800, and TP1200 groups, each consisting of fifteen lambs. The control group received a basal diet, while the experimental groups were provided with basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg of tea polyphenols, respectively. Compared with the CON group, the addition of tea polyphenols to the diet significantly increased serum IgA, GSH-Px, and TSOD. In addition, tea polyphenols were able to increase rumen pH but had no significant effect on the rumen NH3-N, VFA molar content, and the microbial top 10 phylum and genus levels. Moreover, Firmicutes predominated in the network map of the top 80 abundant microorganisms at the genus level, identifying 13 biomarkers at the genus level. In addition, strong correlations were observed between liver and rumen metabolites, particularly between rumen succinic acid and liver alanyl-serine and methylmalonic acid. Furthermore, tea polyphenol additions changed the enrichment of liver and rumen metabolites in the top five KEGG metabolic pathways, but 400-1200 mg/kg additions had no negative impact on the liver and rumen. In summary, TP significantly influences rumen and liver metabolites in Hu sheep, enhancing lamb immunity and antioxidant capacity, with 400 mg/kg being the most effective dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinshun Zhan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Haoyun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Haobin Jia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Junhong Huo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brulin L, Ducrocq S, Even G, Sanchez MP, Martel S, Merlin S, Audebert C, Croiseau P, Estellé J. Characterization of bovine vaginal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing: associations with host fertility, longevity, health, and production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19277. [PMID: 39164272 PMCID: PMC11336114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their potential impact on the host's phenotype, organ-specific microbiotas are receiving increasing attention in several animal species, including cattle. Specifically, the vaginal microbiota of ruminants is attracting growing interest, due to its predicted critical role on cows' reproductive functions in livestock contexts. Notably, fertility disorders represent a leading cause for culling, and additional research would help to fill relevant knowledge gaps. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the vaginal microbiota of a large cohort of 1171 female dairy cattle from 19 commercial herds in Northern France. Vaginal samples were collected using a swab and the composition of the microbiota was determined through 16S rRNA sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable regions. Initial analyses allowed us to define the core bacterial vaginal microbiota, comprising all the taxa observed in more than 90% of the animals. Consequently, four phyla, 16 families, 14 genera and a single amplicon sequence variant (ASV) met the criteria, suggesting a high diversity of bacterial vaginal microbiota within the studied population. This variability was partially attributed to various environmental factors such as the herd, sampling season, parity, and lactation stage. Next, we identified numerous significant associations between the diversity and composition of the vaginal microbiota and several traits related to host's production and reproduction performance, as well as reproductive tract health. Specifically, 169 genera were associated with at least one trait, with 69% of them significantly associated with multiple traits. Among these, the abundances of Negativibacillus and Ruminobacter were positively correlated with the cows' performances (i.e., longevity, production performances). Other genera showed mixed relationships with the phenotypes, such as Leptotrichia being overabundant in cows with improved fertility records and reproductive tract health, but also in cows with lower production levels. Overall, the numerous associations underscored the complex interactions between the vaginal microbiota and its host. Given the large number of samples collected from commercial farms and the diversity of the phenotypes considered, this study marks an initial step towards a better understanding of the intimate relationship between the vaginal microbiota and the dairy cow's phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Brulin
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, 59000, Lille, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - S Ducrocq
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, 59000, Lille, France
- PEGASE-Biosciences, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - G Even
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, 59000, Lille, France
- PEGASE-Biosciences, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - M P Sanchez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - S Martel
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, 59000, Lille, France
- PEGASE-Biosciences, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - S Merlin
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, 59000, Lille, France
- PEGASE-Biosciences, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - C Audebert
- GD Biotech-Gènes Diffusion, 59000, Lille, France
- PEGASE-Biosciences, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - P Croiseau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Estellé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shang Z, Chen K, Han T, Bu F, Sun S, Zhu N, Man D, Yang K, Yuan S, Fu H. Natural Foraging Selection and Gut Microecology of Two Subterranean Rodents from the Eurasian Steppe in China. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2334. [PMID: 39199868 PMCID: PMC11350848 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant group of mammals, rodents possess a very rich ecotype, which makes them ideal for studying the relationship between diet and host gut microecology. Zokors are specialized herbivorous rodents adapted to living underground. Unlike more generalized herbivorous rodents, they feed on the underground parts of grassland plants. There are two species of the genus Myospalax in the Eurasian steppes in China: one is Myospalax psilurus, which inhabits meadow grasslands and forest edge areas, and the other is M. aspalax, which inhabits typical grassland areas. How are the dietary choices of the two species adapted to long-term subterranean life, and what is the relationship of this diet with gut microbes? Are there unique indicator genera for their gut microbial communities? Relevant factors, such as the ability of both species to degrade cellulose, are not yet clear. In this study, we analyzed the gut bacterial communities and diet compositions of two species of zokors using 16S amplicon technology combined with macro-barcoding technology. We found that the diversity of gut microbial bacterial communities in M. psilurus was significantly higher than that in M. aspalax, and that the two species of zokors possessed different gut bacterial indicator genera. Differences in the feeding habits of the two species of zokors stem from food composition rather than diversity. Based on the results of Mantel analyses, the gut bacterial community of M. aspalax showed a significant positive correlation with the creeping-rooted type food, and there was a complementary relationship between the axis root-type-food- and the rhizome-type-food-dominated (containing bulb types and tuberous root types) food groups. Functional prediction based on KEGG found that M. psilurus possessed a stronger degradation ability in the same cellulose degradation pathway. Neutral modeling results show that the gut flora of the M. psilurus has a wider ecological niche compared to that of the M. aspalax. This provides a new perspective for understanding how rodents living underground in grassland areas respond to changes in food conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghaoni Shang
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (Z.S.); (K.C.); (T.H.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (N.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled, Hohhot 010011, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (Z.S.); (K.C.); (T.H.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (N.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled, Hohhot 010011, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Tingting Han
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (Z.S.); (K.C.); (T.H.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (N.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled, Hohhot 010011, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Fan Bu
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (Z.S.); (K.C.); (T.H.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (N.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled, Hohhot 010011, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (Z.S.); (K.C.); (T.H.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (N.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled, Hohhot 010011, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Na Zhu
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (Z.S.); (K.C.); (T.H.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (N.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled, Hohhot 010011, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Duhu Man
- College of Agriculture, Hulunbuir University, Hulunbuir 021000, China;
| | - Ke Yang
- Alxa League Meteorological Bureau, Alxa 750300, China;
| | - Shuai Yuan
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (Z.S.); (K.C.); (T.H.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (N.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled, Hohhot 010011, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Heping Fu
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China; (Z.S.); (K.C.); (T.H.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (N.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Rodent Ecology and Pest Controlled, Hohhot 010011, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010011, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan C, Li H, Li S, Zhong G, Jia W, Zhuo Z, Xue Y, Koontz AF, Cheng J. Effect of Different Slow-Release Urea on the Production Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Blood Parameter of Angus Heifer. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2296. [PMID: 39199830 PMCID: PMC11350829 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of replacing part of the dietary soybean meal with either polymer-coated urea or gelatinized starch urea on the production performance, blood indexes, and ruminal fermentation of Angus heifers. A total of 210 purebred Angus cattle (BW = 314.26 kg) were divided into three groups: the no urea group (CON), the polymer-coated urea group (PCU), and the gelatinized starch urea group (GSU); 20 g/kg polymer-coated urea or 25 g/kg gelatinized starch urea was used to replace part of soybean meal in the concentrate feed, according to the principle of isometabolic energy and isonitrogenous. The result showed that the PCU group had higher ADG and ADF apparent digestibility, while it had a lower feed-weight ratio. On the 86th day, the serum albumin (ALB) content in the PCU group was significantly higher than that in the CON group. In rumen, compared with the CON group, the contents of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acid were significantly higher in the PCU group, whereas butyric acid and propionic acid were significantly higher in the PCU group and GSU group. Ruminal bacterial diversity analysis found that the abundance of Firmicutes was higher in the PCU group at the phylum level, and an inverse result was observed in Bacteroidetes. The abundance of Paraprevotella was higher in the PCU group, whereas higher abundance of Prevotella was found in the GSU group at the genus level. These results indicate that slow-release urea can replace part of soybean meal in the diet, and the amount of substitution in this trial had no diverse effect on the performance of Angus heifers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (C.F.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Hongguang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (C.F.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Shuaihong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (C.F.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Gang Zhong
- Zhonghe Hengrui (Guizhou) Co., Ltd., Bijie 551600, China;
| | - Wenbin Jia
- Beijing Alltech Biological Products Co., Ltd., LD01/0702-0703, Liangmaqiao (DRC) Diplomatic Office Building, No. 19 Orient East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100600, China;
| | - Zhao Zhuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (C.F.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (C.F.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Anne F. Koontz
- Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA;
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (C.F.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Estrada R, Romero Y, Figueroa D, Coila P, Hañari-Quispe RD, Aliaga M, Galindo W, Alvarado W, Casanova D, Quilcate C. Effects of Age in Fecal Microbiota and Correlations with Blood Parameters in Genetic Nucleus of Cattle. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1331. [PMID: 39065099 PMCID: PMC11279168 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of age on the fecal microbiota in the genetic nucleus of cattle, with a focus on microbial richness, composition, functional diversity, and correlations with blood parameters. Fecal and blood samples from 21 cattle were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Older cattle exhibited greater bacterial diversity and abundance, with significant changes in alpha diversity indices (p < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed significant variations in microbial composition between age groups and the interaction of age and sex (p < 0.05). Correlations between alpha diversity, community composition, and hematological values highlighted the influence of microbiota on bovine health. Beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, were more abundant in older cattle, suggesting a role in gut health. Functional diversity analysis indicated that younger cattle had significantly more abundant metabolic pathways in fermentation and anaerobic chemoheterotrophy. These findings suggest management strategies including tailored probiotic therapies, dietary adjustments, and targeted health monitoring to enhance livestock health and performance. Further research should include comprehensive metabolic analyses to better correlate microbiota changes with age-related variations, enhancing understanding of the complex interactions between microbiota, age, and reproductive status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Estrada
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima 15024, Peru; (Y.R.); (D.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Yolanda Romero
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima 15024, Peru; (Y.R.); (D.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Deyanira Figueroa
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima 15024, Peru; (Y.R.); (D.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Pedro Coila
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21001, Peru; (P.C.); (R.D.H.-Q.); (M.A.); (W.G.)
| | - Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21001, Peru; (P.C.); (R.D.H.-Q.); (M.A.); (W.G.)
| | - Mery Aliaga
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21001, Peru; (P.C.); (R.D.H.-Q.); (M.A.); (W.G.)
| | - Walter Galindo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21001, Peru; (P.C.); (R.D.H.-Q.); (M.A.); (W.G.)
| | - Wigoberto Alvarado
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Chachapoyas 01001, Peru;
| | - David Casanova
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima 15024, Peru; (Y.R.); (D.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Carlos Quilcate
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima 15024, Peru; (Y.R.); (D.F.); (D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi Y, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Jo SU, Guan LL, Lee SS. Metataxonomic and metabolomic profiling revealed Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil reduced methane emission through affecting ruminal microbial interactions and host-microbial metabolism. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:37. [PMID: 38943213 PMCID: PMC11212255 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil (PEO) contains functional compounds such as monoterpene hydrocarbons, and the administration of PEO reduced methane (CH4) emissions during growing phase of goats. However, the mode of action of PEO driven CH4 reduction is not known, especially how the administration of PEO can affect rumen microbiota and host metabolism in goats during the fattening phase. This study aimed to elucidate the potential microbial and host responses PEO supplementation in goats using metataxonomics (prokaryotes and protozoa) and metabolomics (rumen fluid and serum). RESULTS Ten fattening Korean native goats were divided into two dietary groups: control (CON; basal diet without additives) and PEO (basal diet + 1.5 g/d of PEO) with a 2 × 2 crossover design and the treatment lasted for 11 weeks. Administration of PEO reduced CH4 concentrations in the exhaled gas from eructation by 12.0-13.6% (P < 0.05). Although the microbial composition of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and protozoa in the rumen was not altered after PEO administration. MaAsLin2 analysis revealed that the abundance of Selenomonas, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Anaerovibrio were enriched in the rumen of PEO supplemented goats (Q < 0.1). Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group and Anaerovibrio were the keystone taxa in the CON and PEO groups, respectively. Methane metabolism (P < 0.05) was enriched in the CON group, whereas metabolism of sulfur (P < 0.001) and propionate (P < 0.1) were enriched in the PEO group based on microbial predicted functions. After PEO administration, the abundance of 11 rumen and 4 serum metabolites increased, whereas that of 25 rumen and 14 serum metabolites decreased (P < 0.1). Random forest analysis identified eight ruminal metabolites that were altered after PEO administration, among which four were associated with propionate production, with predictive accuracy ranging from 0.75 to 0.88. Additionally, we found that serum sarcosine (serum metabolite) was positively correlated with CH4 emission parameters and abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the rumen (|r|≥ 0.5, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that PEO administration reduced CH4 emission from of fattening goats with altered microbial interactions and metabolites in the rumen and host. Importantly, PEO administration affected utilizes various mechanisms such as formate, sulfur, methylated amines metabolism, and propionate production, collectively leading to CH4 reduction. The knowledge is important for future management strategies to maintain animal production and health while mitigate CH4 emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S J Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - S U Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Min L, Tuo Y, Li D, Zang C, Amat G, Zhang Z, Guo T. Impact of 5-20% Hydroponic Wheat Sprouts Inclusion on Growth and Metabolic Parameters of Growing Ewes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1630. [PMID: 38891677 PMCID: PMC11171387 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of varying proportions (5-20%) of hydroponic wheat sprouts in the diet of growing four-month-old Hu ewes on their productive performance, metabolic profiles, rumen fermentation, and alterations in microflora. Compared with the control group (CON), the optimum final weight of ewes has been presented in the group of substitution 15% (S15) of the basal diet with hydroponic wheat sprouts. Furthermore, 1-30 d the average daily gain (ADG), 31-60 d ADG, and average feed intake were both significantly improved in S15 compared with CON (p < 0.05). Feeding hydroponic wheat sprouts can significantly increase high-density lipoprotein and interleukin-2 (p < 0.05) accompanied by the numerical increase of the content of interferon-γ, suggesting its positive effect on ewes' health and immune systems. In this process, it is noteworthy that feeding hydroponic wheat sprouts results in an increase in relative abundance of Olsenella, Limosilactobacillus, Shuttleworthia, and Prevotella_7, and a decrease in relative abundance of Succinimonas, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Anaerovibrio in the rumen of growing ewes. It implies that the response of rumen microflora adapted to the change of dietary ingredients, as well as the relationship between rumen microflora changes and the improvement of productive performance and immune system in growing ewes. Considering the usage cost and application effect, S15 of the basal diet with hydroponic wheat sprouts could be the appropriate application solution for growing ewes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.M.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Yong Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.M.)
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Dagang Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Changjiang Zang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Guzalnur Amat
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.M.)
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.M.)
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Zhan J, Jia H, Jiang H, Pan Y, Zhong X, Zhao S, Huo J. Relationship between Rumen Microbial Differences and Phenotype Traits among Hu Sheep and Crossbred Offspring Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1509. [PMID: 38791726 PMCID: PMC11117386 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three-way hybrid sheep and Hu sheep on serum indicators, rumen fermentation, rumen enzyme activity, and microorganisms in sheep. Healthy and similar birth weights from three groups (Hu, n = 11; Charolais × Australian White × Hu, CAH, n = 11; Charolais × Dorper × Hu, CDH, n = 11) were selected to be fed by the ewes until 45 days of age. Subsequently, they were weaned intensively and underwent short-term fattening for 3 months along with selected male lambs fed intensively. During this period, they were fed and watered ad libitum. Blood and rumen fluid were collected and analyzed for serum indicators and rumen fluid microorganisms, enzyme activity, and VFA, respectively, at the end of the fattening period. Compared with Hu lamb, the offspring of the three-way hybrid lamb showed significant improvements in body weight, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine content. However, there was no significant effect on serum immunity and antioxidant indices. In addition, the rumen fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) molar concentration and microcrystalline cellulose and lipase content were significantly lower in the three-way hybrid lamb compared to Hu lamb, but β-glucosidase, amylase, pepsin, and VFA molar ratio were not significantly affected. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing diversity analysis revealed that three-way hybrid lamb significantly increased rumen microbial ACE and Chao1 indices compared to Hu lamb. Meanwhile, the abundance of Verrucomicrobiota and Synergistota significantly increased at the phylum level. Correlation analysis showed that Prevotella had the highest proportion, while Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group correlated most closely with others genus. The microbial communities isovaleric acid molar concentration and proportion were strongly correlated. In addition, there were significant differences in correlations between microbial communities and isobutyric acid, butyric acid and valeric acid content, and their molar proportion, but they were not significantly correlated with digestive enzymes. From the functional enrichment analysis, it was found that hybrid progeny were mainly enriched in the pyruvate metabolism, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, carbon metabolism, and quorum sensing pathways. In contrast, the Hu sheep were primarily enriched in the cysteine and methionine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite pathways. These results suggest that hybridization can play a role in regulating organismal metabolism and improve animal production performance by influencing the structure and characteristics of microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinshun Zhan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haobin Jia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haoyun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Junhong Huo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang X, Wang W, Wang Y, Cao Z, Yang H, Li S. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal differences in rumen microbiota between grass- and grain-fed Sanhe heifers. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1336278. [PMID: 38803375 PMCID: PMC11128563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1336278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diets on the composition and function of rumen microbiome and metabolites in Sanhe heifers. Methods Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were performed using rumen fluid samples collected from Sanhe heifers (n = 20) with similar body weights and ages from grass-fed and grain-fed systems. Results The grain-fed group exhibited more intensive rumen fermentation than the grass-fed group. However, the grass-fed group exhibited carbohydrate metabolism and methane production higher than that of the grain-fed group; these increases were observed as a higher abundance of various bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Verrucomicrobia), families (Lachnospiraceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Eggerthellaceae), and the archaeal family Methanobacteriaceae. A comparison of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes, using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome profiles, revealed noteworthy differences in the functions of rumen microbiota; these differences were largely dependent on the feeding system. Conclusion These results could help manipulate and regulate feed efficiency in Sanhe cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Romanzin A, Braidot M, Beraldo P, Spanghero M. Rumen fermentation parameters and papillae development in Simmental growing bulls with divergent residual feed intake. Animal 2024; 18:101149. [PMID: 38663151 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI), a widespread index used to measure animal feed efficiency, is influenced by various individual biological factors related to inter-animal variation that need to be assessed. Herein, 30 Simmental bulls, raised under the same farm conditions, were divided on the basis of RFI values into a high efficient group (HE, RFI = - 1.18 ± 0.33 kg DM/d, n = 15) and a low efficient group (LE, RFI = 0.92 ± 0.35 kg DM/d, n = 15). Subsequently, bulls were slaughtered at an average BW of 734 ± 39.4 kg. Their ruminal fermentation traits were analysed immediately after slaughtering and after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Furthermore, ruminal micro-biota composition and ruminal papillae morphology were examined. The LE group exhibited a higher propionate concentration as a percentage of total volatile fatty acids (17.3 vs 16.1%, P = 0.04) in the rumen fluid collected during slaughtering, which was also confirmed after in vitro fermentation (16.6 vs 15.4% respectively for LE and HE, P = 0.01). This phenomenon resulted in a significant alteration in the acetate-to-propionate ratio (A:P) with higher values for the HE group, both after slaughter (4.01 vs 3.66, P = 0.02) and after in vitro incubation (3.78 vs 3.66, P = 0.02). Methane production was similar in both groups either as absolute production (227 vs 218 mL for HE and LE, respectively) or expressed as a percentage of total gas (approximately 22%). Even if significant differences (P < 0.20) in the relative abundance of some bacterial genera were observed for the two RFI groups, no significant variations were observed in the alpha (Shannon index) and beta (Bray-Curtis index) diversity. Considering the papillae morphology, the LE subjects have shown higher length values (6.26 vs 4.90 mm, P < 0.01) while HE subjects have demonstrated higher papillae density (46.4 vs 40.5 n/cm2, P = 0.02). Histo-morphometric analysis did not reveal appreciable modifications in the total papilla thickness, boundaries or surface between the experimental groups. In conclusion, our results contribute to efforts to analyse the factors affecting feed efficiency at the ruminal level. Propionate production, papillae morphology and a few bacterial genera certainly play a role in this regard, although not a decisive one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Romanzin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio, 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Braidot
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio, 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - P Beraldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio, 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M Spanghero
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio, 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
El Jeni R, Villot C, Koyun OY, Osorio-Doblado A, Baloyi JJ, Lourenco JM, Steele M, Callaway TR. Invited review: "Probiotic" approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing "magic foo-foo dust". J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1832-1856. [PMID: 37949397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbial consortium in dairy cattle is critical to determining the energetic status of the dairy cow from birth through her final lactation. The ruminant's microbial community can degrade a wide variety of feedstuffs, which can affect growth, as well as production rate and efficiency on the farm, but can also affect food safety, animal health, and environmental impacts of dairy production. Gut microbial diversity and density are powerful tools that can be harnessed to benefit both producers and consumers. The incentives in the United States to develop Alternatives to Antibiotics for use in food-animal production have been largely driven by the Veterinary Feed Directive and have led to an increased use of probiotic approaches to alter the gastrointestinal microbial community composition, resulting in improved heifer growth, milk production and efficiency, and animal health. However, the efficacy of direct-fed microbials or probiotics in dairy cattle has been highly variable due to specific microbial ecological factors within the host gut and its native microflora. Interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic) between the microbial ecosystem and the host animal physiology (including epithelial cells, immune system, hormones, enzyme activities, and epigenetics) are critical to understanding why some probiotics work but others do not. Increasing availability of next-generation sequencing approaches provides novel insights into how probiotic approaches change the microbial community composition in the gut that can potentially affect animal health (e.g., diarrhea or scours, gut integrity, foodborne pathogens), as well as animal performance (e.g., growth, reproduction, productivity) and fermentation parameters (e.g., pH, short-chain fatty acids, methane production, and microbial profiles) of cattle. However, it remains clear that all direct-fed microbials are not created equal and their efficacy remains highly variable and dependent on stage of production and farm environment. Collectively, data have demonstrated that probiotic effects are not limited to the simple mechanisms that have been traditionally hypothesized, but instead are part of a complex cascade of microbial ecological and host animal physiological effects that ultimately impact dairy production and profitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R El Jeni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - C Villot
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France, 31069
| | - O Y Koyun
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - A Osorio-Doblado
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J J Baloyi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - M Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - T R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Keum GB, Pandey S, Kim ES, Doo H, Kwak J, Ryu S, Choi Y, Kang J, Kim S, Kim HB. Understanding the Diversity and Roles of the Ruminal Microbiome. J Microbiol 2024; 62:217-230. [PMID: 38662310 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The importance of ruminal microbiota in ruminants is emphasized, not only as a special symbiotic relationship with ruminants but also as an interactive and dynamic ecosystem established by the metabolites of various rumen microorganisms. Rumen microbial community is essential for life maintenance and production as they help decompose and utilize fiber that is difficult to digest, supplying about 70% of the energy needed by the host and 60-85% of the amino acids that reach the small intestine. Bacteria are the most abundant in the rumen, but protozoa, which are relatively large, account for 40-50% of the total microorganisms. However, the composition of these ruminal microbiota is not conserved or constant throughout life and is greatly influenced by the host. It is known that the initial colonization of calves immediately after birth is mainly influenced by the mother, and later changes depending on various factors such as diet, age, gender and breed. The initial rumen microbial community contains aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria due to the presence of oxygen, but as age increases, a hypoxic environment is created inside the rumen, and anaerobic bacteria become dominant in the rumen microbial community. As calves grow, taxonomic diversity increases, especially as they begin to consume solid food. Understanding the factors affecting the rumen microbial community and their effects and changes can lead to the early development and stabilization of the microbial community through the control of rumen microorganisms, and is expected to ultimately help improve host productivity and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sriniwas Pandey
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Ryu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoun Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Quirino DF, Marcondes MI, de Oliveira KR, Guimarães SEF, da Silva JS, Suen G, Rossi LE, Cunha CS, Mantovani HC, Rotta PP. Comparison of ruminal microbiota, IL-1β gene variation, and tick incidence between Holstein × Gyr and Holstein heifers in grazing system. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1132151. [PMID: 38468851 PMCID: PMC10925795 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1132151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The variation in bacterial communities among breeds has been previously reported and may be one of the reasons why Holstein × Gyr dairy heifers have better development in grazing systems in tropical conditions. This study aimed to explore the ruminal microbiota composition, the IL-1β gene variation, tick incidence, and blood parameters of Holstein × Gyr (½ Holstein × ½ Gyr) and Holstein heifers grazing intensely managed Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça). Methods Sixteen heifers were divided into two groups consisting of 8 Holstein × Gyr and 8 Holstein heifers. The experimental period was comprised of 3 periods of 21 days. Ruminal samples were taken via the stomach tube technique. The sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Counting and collection of ticks were conducted each 21 days. Blood and skeletal muscle tissue biopsies were performed at the end of the experiment. Results Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla present in both breed rumen samples and Bacteroidota showed differences in relative abundance between breed groups, with greater values for Holstein heifers (p < 0.05 with FDR correction). The 10 most abundant unique OTUs identified in each breed included several OTUs of the genus Prevotella. Holstein heifers had a greater tick count and weight (9.8 ticks/animal and 1.6 g/animal, respectively) than Holstein × Gyr (2.56 ticks/animal and 0.4 g/animal, respectively). We found nucleotide substitutions in the IL-1β gene that might be related to adaptation and resistance phenotypes to tick infestation in Holstein × Gyr heifers. Blood concentrations of urea, albumin, insulin-like growth factor 1, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were greater in Holstein × Gyr than in Holstein heifers. Conclusion Adaptations in Holstein × Gyr heifers such as ruminal microbiota, tick resistance, nucleotide substitutions in IL-1β gene, and hormone concentration suggest a better energy metabolism and thermoregulation resulting in better performance in tropical grazing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Letícia Elisa Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Soares Cunha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Polyana Pizzi Rotta
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cabral LDS, Weimer PJ. Megasphaera elsdenii: Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition and Its Potential Industrial Application for Organic Acid Biosynthesis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:219. [PMID: 38276203 PMCID: PMC10819428 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii was first isolated from the rumen in 1953 and is common in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Its ability to use either lactate or glucose as its major energy sources for growth has been well documented, although it can also ferment amino acids into ammonia and branched-chain fatty acids, which are growth factors for other bacteria. The ruminal abundance of M. elsdenii usually increases in animals fed grain-based diets due to its ability to use lactate (the product of rapid ruminal sugar fermentation), especially at a low ruminal pH (<5.5). M. elsdenii has been proposed as a potential dietary probiotic to prevent ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle and high-producing dairy cows. However, this bacterium has also been associated with milk fat depression (MFD) in dairy cows, although proving a causative role has remained elusive. This review summarizes the unique physiology of this intriguing bacterium and its functional role in the ruminal community as well as its role in the health and productivity of the host animal. In addition to its effects in the rumen, the ability of M. elsdenii to produce C2-C7 carboxylic acids-potential precursors for industrial fuel and chemical production-is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano da Silva Cabral
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Extension, Agronomy and Animal Science School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 780600-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil;
| | - Paul J. Weimer
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao Y, Zhao H, Li L, Yu S, Liu M, Jiang L. Ceramide on the road to insulin resistance and immunometabolic disorders in transition dairy cows: driver or passenger? Front Immunol 2024; 14:1321597. [PMID: 38274826 PMCID: PMC10808295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows must undergo profound metabolic and endocrine adaptations during their transition period to meet the nutrient requirements of the developing fetus, parturition, and the onset of lactation. Insulin resistance in extrahepatic tissues is a critical component of homeorhetic adaptations in periparturient dairy cows. However, due to increased energy demands at calving that are not followed by a concomitant increase in dry matter intake, body stores are mobilized, and the risk of metabolic disorders dramatically increases. Sphingolipid ceramides involved in multiple vital biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Three typical pathways generate ceramide, and many factors contribute to its production as part of the cell's stress response. Based on lipidomic profiling, there has generally been an association between increased ceramide content and various disease outcomes in rodents. Emerging evidence shows that ceramides might play crucial roles in the adaptive metabolic alterations accompanying the initiation of lactation in dairy cows. A series of studies also revealed a negative association between circulating ceramides and systemic insulin sensitivity in dairy cows experiencing severe negative energy balance. Whether ceramide acts as a driver or passenger in the metabolic stress of periparturient dairy cows is an unknown but exciting topic. In the present review, we discuss the potential roles of ceramides in various metabolic dysfunctions and the impacts of their perturbations. We also discuss how this novel class of bioactive sphingolipids has drawn interest in extrahepatic tissue insulin resistance and immunometabolic disorders in transition dairy cows. We also discuss the possible use of ceramide as a new biomarker for predicting metabolic diseases in cows and highlight the remaining problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zang X, Sun H, Xue M, Liang S, Guan LL, Liu J. Genotype-associated heritable rumen bacteria can be a stable microbiota passed to the offspring. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycad020. [PMID: 38328446 PMCID: PMC10848306 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that some rumen microbes are "heritable" (those have significant narrow sense heritability) and can significantly contribute to host phenotype variations. However, it is unknown if these heritable rumen bacteria can be passed to the next generation. In this study, the rumen bacteria from mother cows (sampled in 2016) and their offspring (sampled in 2019) were assessed to determine if vertical transmission occurred between the two generations. The analysis of relationship between host genotypes and heritable bacterial abundances showed that potential of five host genotypes can affect the relative abundances of two unclassified species level heritable bacteria (Pseudoscardovia and p-251-o5). The G allele of BTB-01532239 and A allele of ARS-BFGL-NGS-8960 were associated with a higher relative abundance of p-251-o5. The A allele of BTB-00740910 and BovineHD1300021786 and G allele of BovineHD1900005868 were associated with a higher relative abundance of Pseudoscardovia. The mother-offspring comparison revealed that the heritable rumen bacteria had higher compositional similarity than nonheritable bacteria between two generations, and the predicted heritable microbial functions had higher stability than those from nonheritable bacteria. These findings suggest that a high stability exists in heritable rumen bacteria, which could be passed to the next generation in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zang
- Institute of Diary Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huizeng Sun
- Institute of Diary Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingyuan Xue
- Institute of Diary Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shulin Liang
- Institute of Diary Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Present address: Functional Genomics and Animal Microbiome, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, MacMillan Bldg, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Diary Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Floridia V, Russo N, D'Alessandro E, Lopreiato V, Pino A, Amato A, Liotta L, Caggia C, Randazzo CL. Effect of olive cake supplementation on faecal microbiota profile of Holstein and Modicana dairy cattle. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127510. [PMID: 37801779 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of olive cake supplementation on faecal microbiota of Holstein (n = 16) and Modicana (n = 16) dairy cows. Although no difference in richness was detected, within breeds and between the two dietary treatment, the PERMANOVA analysis applied to the beta diversity allowed to discriminate samples according to breeds (p < 0.001) and treatment (p < 0.001). In Holstein cows, the olive cake supplementation led to the increase of Pseudobutyrivibrio and Christensenellaceae_R7-group genera (p < 0.05) recognized as health-promoting or associated with feed efficiency. Differently, no difference was detected between control and treated groups for Modicana suggesting a high adaptive capacity to diet changes. In addition, the higher prevalence of Firmicutes phyla in the Modicana microbiota reflected its better capacity to digest the fibrous sources. Our study supports the suitability of olive cake as a feed supplement for cows and could help validating a sustainable livestock system in the Mediterranean area, characterized by a relevant oil production and by a native breeds reared with extensive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Floridia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; ProBioEtna srl, Spin-off of University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Alessandro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; ProBioEtna srl, Spin-off of University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Amato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; ProBioEtna srl, Spin-off of University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy; ProBioEtna srl, Spin-off of University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vettori JDM, Cavallini D, Giammarco M, Lanzoni L, Vignone O, Jalal H, Mammi L, Pezzi P, Formigoni A, Fusaro I. Parity and nutrient total-tract digestibility in dairy cows during transition period. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100313. [PMID: 37736571 PMCID: PMC10509770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cows experience many physiological, nutritional and social changes during transition period. This study aims to evaluate the differences in nutrients total-tract digestibility (nTTD) between primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) cows through the transition period. From -23, -5, 0, 7, 14, and 30 days from calving a sample of feed and feces samples were collected from 25 Holstein cows (11 PP and 14 MP) as well as daily rumination time through accelerometers. The results show that average nTTD were different (p ≤ 0.02) for amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber organic matter (aNDFom) and potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber (pdNDF240; 52.5 vs. 54.0 and 78.8 vs. 81.3, respectively in PP vs. MP), while no differences were found regarding pdNDF24 and starch (88.5 vs. 88.6 and 95.1 vs. 96.1, respectively in PP vs. MP). Total-tract starch digestibility (TTstarchD) was different among timepoints (p < 0.01), going from an average of 91.40 up to 97.39% of starch, on times -23 and 14, respectively. Differences in total-tract digestibility of aNDFom among timepoints (p < 0.01) was expected because of differences in diet composition among lactating and non-lactating cows. No differences in daily rumination time (p = 0.92), TTstarchD and total-tract potentially digestible NDF digestibility at 24 h (TTpdNDF24D) were recorded. Our findings show that fiber digestibility during the transition period is higher in MP probably for a different ruminal retention time. These differences should be considered when formulating rations for groups with different parity number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio de M. Vettori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Giammarco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lydia Lanzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Oreste Vignone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Hassan Jalal
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ludovica Mammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isa Fusaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu J, Li C, Li X, Liu K, Liu Z, Ni W, Zhou P, Wang L, Hu S. Isolation and functional analysis of acid-producing bacteria from bovine rumen. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16294. [PMID: 37868061 PMCID: PMC10590097 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants such as cattle rely mainly on microbes in the rumen to digest cellulose and hemicellulose from forage, and the digestion products are mainly absorbed and utilized by the host in the form of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study aimed to isolate acid-producing strains from the cattle rumen and investigate their functions. A total of 980 strains of acid-producing bacteria were isolated from cattle rumen contents using a medium supplemented with bromocresol green. Combined with the test of acid production ability and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology, five strains were selected based on their ability to produce relatively high levels of acid, including Bacillus pumillus, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis. Sheep were treated by gavage with a mixed bacterial suspension. The results showed that mixed bacteria significantly increased the body weight gain and feed conversion rate of sheep. To investigate the function of acid-producing bacteria in sheep, we used 16S rDNA sequencing technology to analyze the rumen microbes of sheep. We found that mixed bacteria changed the composition and abundance of sheep rumen bacteria. Among them, the abundance of Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Proteobacteria was significantly increased, and the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased, indicating that the changes in gut microbiota changed the function of the sheep rumen. The acid-producing bacteria isolated in this study can effectively promote the growth of ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, and can be used as additives to improve breeding efficiency, which lays a foundation for subsequent research on probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Yu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cunyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kaiping Liu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Limin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Si B, Liu K, Huang G, Chen M, Yang J, Wu X, Li N, Tang W, Zhao S, Zheng N, Zhang Y, Wang J. Relationship between rumen bacterial community and milk fat in dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247348. [PMID: 37886063 PMCID: PMC10598608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Milk fat is the most variable nutrient in milk, and recent studies have shown that rumen bacteria are closely related to milk fat. However, there is limited research on the relationship between rumen bacteria and milk fatty. Fatty acids (FAs) are an important component of milk fat and are associated with various potential benefits and risks to human health. Methods In this experiment, forty-five healthy Holstein dairy cows with alike physiological and productive conditions were selected from medium-sized dairy farms and raised under the same feeding and management conditions. The experimental period was two weeks. During the experiment, raw milk and rumen fluid were collected, and milk components were determined. In this study, 8 high milk fat percentage (HF) dairy cows and 8 low milk fat percentage (LF) dairy cows were selected for analysis. Results Results showed that the milk fat percentage in HF group was significantly greater than that of the dairy cows in the LF group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the rumen bacterial abundance of HF dairy cows was significantly higher than that in LF dairy cows; at the genus level, the bacterial abundances of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcus_1, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, probable_genus_10 and U29-B03 in HF group were significantly higher than those in the LF group. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that milk fat percentage was positively related to Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcus_1, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, probable_genus_10 and U29-B03. Furthermore, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 was positively related to C14:0 iso, C15:0 iso, C18:0, Ruminococcus_1 with C18:1 t9, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group with C18:1 t9 and C18:1 t11, U29-B03 with C15:0 iso. Discussion To sum up, rumen bacteria in dairy cows are related to the variation of milk fat, and some rumen bacteria have potential effects on the deposition of certain fatty acids in raw milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxue Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xufang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang DD, Tang GF, Li YY, Yu JJ, Lei XJ, Cao YC, Yao JH. Differences in serum metabolome profile explain individual variation in growth performance of young goats. J Proteomics 2023; 288:104982. [PMID: 37532014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
High growth rates and body weight are important traits of young dairy goats that can shorten generation intervals, improve animal performance, and increase economic benefits. In the present study, ninety-nine, 6-month-old, female goats were fed with the same diet and kept under the same management condition. The ten goats with highest average daily gain (ADG, HADG, 135.27 ± 4.59 g/d) and ten goats with lowest ADG (LADG, 87.74 ± 3.13 g/d) were selected to identify the key serum metabolites associated with ADG, and to investigate the relationships of serum metabolome profiles with digestive tract microbiota. The results showed that a total of 125 serum metabolites were significantly different between HADG and LADG. Of these, 43 serum metabolites were significantly higher levels in HADG, including D-ornithine, l-glutamine, L-histidine, carnosine, LysoPC (16:1(9Z)/0:0), DCTP and hydroxylysine, while, 82 serum metabolites were significantly higher levels in LADG, including P-salicylic acid and deoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide. Pathway analysis indicated that these different metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that these differential serum metabolites were correlated with ADG and ADG-related bacteria. Notably, serum hydroxylysine and L-histidine could be used as biomarkers for distinguishing HADG and LADG goats, with an accuracy of >92.0%. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study confirms that individual microbiota and metabolic differences contribute to the variations of growth rate in young goats. Some serum metabolites may be useful in improving the growth performance of young goats, which provides directions for developing further nutritional regulation in the goat industry to achieve healthy feeding and efficiency enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Dang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guang Fu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Jian Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Jian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Chun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Hu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang D, Chen L, Tang G, Yu J, Chen J, Li Z, Cao Y, Lei X, Deng L, Wu S, Guan LL, Yao J. Multi-omics revealed the long-term effect of ruminal keystone bacteria and the microbial metabolome on lactation performance in adult dairy goats. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:215. [PMID: 37773207 PMCID: PMC10540338 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased growth rate of young animals can lead to higher lactation performance in adult goats; however, the effects of the ruminal microbiome on the growth of young goats, and the contribution of the early-life rumen microbiome to lifelong growth and lactation performance in goats has not yet been well defined. Hence, this study assessed the rumen microbiome in young goats with different average daily gains (ADG) and evaluated its contribution to growth and lactation performance during the first lactation period. RESULTS Based on monitoring of a cohort of 99 goats from youth to first lactation, the 15 highest ADG (HADG) goats and 15 lowest ADG (LADG) goats were subjected to rumen fluid microbiome and metabolome profiling. The comparison of the rumen metagenome of HADG and LADG goats revealed that ruminal carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism function were enhanced in HADG goats, suggesting that the rumen fluid microbiome of HADG goats has higher feed fermentation ability. Co-occurrence network and correlation analysis revealed that Streptococcus, Candidatus Saccharimonans, and Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001 were significantly positively correlated with young goats' growth rates and some HADG-enriched carbohydrate and protein metabolites, such as propionate, butyrate, maltoriose, and amino acids, while several genera and species of Prevotella and Methanogens exhibited a negative relationship with young goats' growth rates and correlated with LADG-enriched metabolites, such as rumen acetate as well as methane. Additionally, some functional keystone bacterial taxa, such as Prevotella, in the rumen of young goats were significantly correlated with the same taxa in the rumen of adult lactation goats. Prevotella also enriched the rumen of LADG lactating goats and had a negative effect on rumen fermentation efficiency in lactating goats. Additional analysis using random forest machine learning showed that rumen fluid microbiota and their metabolites of young goats, such as Prevotellaceae UCG-003, acetate to propionate ratio could be potential microbial markers that can potentially classify high or low ADG goats with an accuracy of prediction of > 81.3%. Similarly, the abundance of Streptococcus in the rumen of young goats could be predictive of milk yield in adult goats with high accuracy (area under the curve 91.7%). CONCLUSIONS This study identified the keystone bacterial taxa that influence carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic functions and shape the rumen fluid microbiota in the rumen of adult animals. Keystone bacteria and their effects on rumen fluid microbiota and metabolome composition during early life can lead to higher lactation performance in adult ruminants. These findings suggest that the rumen microbiome together with their metabolites in young ruminants have long-term effect on feed efficiency and animal performance. The fundamental knowledge may allow us to develop advanced methods to manipulate the rumen microbiome and improve production efficiency of ruminants. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dangdang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjian Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Porter WP, Bertz AE, Mathewson PD, Solorzano LC, Dudley PN, Bonazza R, Gebremedhin KG. Climate Spaces and Cliffs: A Novel Bovine Thermodynamic and Mass Balances Model. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3043. [PMID: 37835649 PMCID: PMC10572002 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of climate change on animals are typically viewed in terms of survivability and wellbeing. In this study, we broaden that purview to include climate impacts on reproductive capability. There are not only climate spaces for daily function, but climate cliffs that represent reproductive failures in the face of climate warming. This alternative focus suggests that climate warming challenges may be more immediate and profound than initially imagined. This research describes a state-of-the-art mechanistic model, Dairy Niche Mapper (DNM), and independent validation tests. Where test data are absent, the calculated results are consistent with expected responses. Simulations of metabolic chamber conditions reveal the local steady-state impacts of climate and animal variables on milk production capacity, metabolic rate, food consumption and water needs. Simulations of a temperature humidity index (THI) show strengths and limitations of that approach. Broader time- and spatial-scale calculations applied in the western and eastern halves of the northern hemisphere identify current and future monthly latitudinal climate change impacts on milk production potential, feed and water needs in dairy cows of different sizes. Dairy Niche Mapper (DNM) was developed from a broadly tested mechanistic microclimate-animal model, Niche Mapper (NM). DNM provides an improved quantitative understanding of the complex nonlinear interactions of climate variation and dairy bovine properties' effects on current and future milk production, feed and water needs for grazing and confinement dairy operations. DNM outputs include feasible activity times, milk production and water and feed needs of different-sized Holstein cows on high-grain (confinement feeding) versus high-forage (grazing feeding) diets at three arbitrary north latitudes, 12°, 30° and 60°, for North and Central America and for Asia. These three latitudes encompass current northern hemisphere bovine production environments and possible future production locations. The greatest impacts of climate change will be in the low elevations in tropical and subtropical regions. Global regions above 30° and below 60° latitude with reliable rainfall will be least affected by current projected levels of climate change. This work provides the basis for computational animal design for guiding agricultural development via breeding programs, genetic engineering, management options including siting or the manipulation of other relevant environmental and animal variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren P. Porter
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.E.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Alexa E. Bertz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.E.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Paul D. Mathewson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.E.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Luis C. Solorzano
- Adjunct Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA;
| | - Peter N. Dudley
- Fisheries Collaborative Program, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Riccardo Bonazza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Kifle G. Gebremedhin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stepanchenko N, Stefenoni H, Hennessy M, Nagaraju I, Wasson DE, Cueva SF, Räisänen SE, Dechow CD, Pitta DW, Hristov AN. Microbial composition, rumen fermentation parameters, enteric methane emissions, and lactational performance of phenotypically high and low methane-emitting dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6146-6170. [PMID: 37479584 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the relation of high and low methane-yield phenotypes with body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), lactation performance, enteric CH4 emissions, and rumen fermentation parameters in lactating dairy cows. A total of 130 multi- and primiparous Holstein cows were screened for enteric CH4 emissions using the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc.). Out of these 130 cows, 5 were identified as phenotypically high (HM) and 5 as phenotypically low (LM) CH4 emitters. Cows in the LM group had lower daily enteric CH4 emissions than cows in the HM group (on average 346 vs. 439 g/d, respectively), lower CH4 yield (15.5 vs. 20.4 g of CH4/kg of DMI), and CH4 intensity (13.2 vs. 17.0 g of CH4/ kg of energy-corrected milk yield). Enteric emissions of CO2 and H2 did not differ between HM and LM cows. These 10 cows were blocked by parity, days in milk, and milk production, and were used in a 5-wk randomized complete block design experiment. Milk composition, production, and BW were also not different between LM and HM cows. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids in ruminal contents did not differ between CH4 phenotypes, but LM cows had a lower molar proportion of acetate (57 vs. 62.1%), a higher proportion of propionate (27.5 vs. 21.6%, respectively), and therefore a lower acetate-to-propionate ratio than HM cows. Consistently, the 16S cDNA analysis revealed the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and unclassified Veillonellaceae to be higher in LM cows compared with HM cows, bacteria that were positively correlated with ruminal propionate concentration. Notably, Succinivibrionaceae trigger the formation of propionate via oxaloacetate pathway from phosphoenolpyruvate via Enzyme Commission: 4.1.1.49, which showed a trend to be higher in LM cows compared with HM cows. Additionally, LM cows possessed fewer transcripts of a gene encoding for methyl-CoM reductase enzyme compared with HM. In this study, low and high CH4-yield cows have similar production performance and milk composition, but total-tract apparent digestibility of organic matter and fiber fractions was lower in the former group of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - H Stefenoni
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482
| | - I Nagaraju
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 28, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - C D Dechow
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D W Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 193482.
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fu Y, Yao S, Wang T, Lu Y, Han H, Liu X, Lv D, Ma X, Guan S, Yao Y, Liu Y, Yu H, Li S, Yang N, Liu G. Effects of melatonin on rumen microorganisms and methane production in dairy cow: results from in vitro and in vivo studies. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:196. [PMID: 37644507 PMCID: PMC10463863 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methane (CH4) is a major greenhouse gas, and ruminants are one of the sources of CH4 which is produced by the rumen microbiota. Modification of the rumen microbiota compositions will impact the CH4 production. In this study, the effects of melatonin on methane production in cows were investigated both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Melatonin treatment significantly reduced methane production in both studies. The cows treated with melatonin reduced methane emission from their respiration by approximately 50%. The potential mechanisms are multiple. First, melatonin lowers the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production in rumen and reduces the raw material for CH4 synthesis. Second, melatonin not only reduces the abundance of Methanobacterium which are responsible for generating methane but also inhibits the populations of protozoa to break the symbiotic relationship between Methanobacterium and protozoa in rumen to further lowers the CH4 production. The reduced VFA production is not associated with food intake, and it seems also not to jeopardize the nutritional status of the cows. This was reflected by the increased milk lipid and protein contents in melatonin treated compared to the control cows. It is likely that the energy used to synthesize methane is saved to compensate the reduced VFA production. CONCLUSION This study enlightens the potential mechanisms by which melatonin reduces rumen methane production in dairy cows. Considering the greenhouse effects of methane on global warming, these findings provide valuable information using different approaches to achieve low carbon dairy farming to reduce the methane emission. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Songyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Beijing Changping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Lu
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Huigang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Lv
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
da Silva CS, Leão JM, Lage CFA, Coelho SG, Campos MM. Residual Feed Intake as an Efficiency Metric for Pre-Weaning Dairy Calves: What Do We Know? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1727. [PMID: 37629582 PMCID: PMC10455359 DOI: 10.3390/life13081727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle systems have targeted improvements in feed efficiency by selecting animals that can convert less feed into more products. Residual feed intake (RFI) has been the index of choice when selecting dairy cattle for feed efficiency. Nonetheless, RFI studies have focused on lactating cows, and the crucial importance of pre-weaning efficiency on farm profitability and cow productivity has been mostly neglected. This review discusses the current knowledge of how RFI divergence relates to nutrient metabolism in pre-weaning dairy calves, including the advantages and limitations of evaluating RFI in this phase. Existing literature indicates that nutrient utilization, energy metabolism, protein metabolism, vitamin metabolism, intestinal development, and hindgut bacterial populations may be implicated in RFI divergence between pre-weaning calves. Techniques developed to date to evaluate RFI in this phase are still evolving to better adapt to the unique characteristics of this phase, and more research is needed to fill in the gaps in our current understanding of early-life feed efficiency divergence in cattle. However, current results suggest great potential for selecting high-efficiency calves while in pre-weaning to accelerate the progress of genetic selection in dairy cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila S. da Silva
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora 36038-330, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Juliana M. Leão
- The Saskatoon Colostrum Company, Ltd., Saskatoon, SK S7K 6A2, Canada;
| | | | - Sandra G. Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Mariana M. Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora 36038-330, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tapio M, Fischer D, Mäntysaari P, Tapio I. Rumen Microbiota Predicts Feed Efficiency of Primiparous Nordic Red Dairy Cows. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1116. [PMID: 37317090 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient feed utilization in dairy cows is crucial for economic and environmental reasons. The rumen microbiota plays a significant role in feed efficiency, but studies utilizing microbial data to predict host phenotype are limited. In this study, 87 primiparous Nordic Red dairy cows were ranked for feed efficiency during their early lactation based on residual energy intake, and the rumen liquid microbial ecosystem was subsequently evaluated using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenome sequencing. The study used amplicon data to build an extreme gradient boosting model, demonstrating that taxonomic microbial variation can predict efficiency (rtest = 0.55). Prediction interpreters and microbial network revealed that predictions were based on microbial consortia and the efficient animals had more of the highly interacting microbes and consortia. Rumen metagenome data was used to evaluate carbohydrate-active enzymes and metabolic pathway differences between efficiency phenotypes. The study showed that an efficient rumen had a higher abundance of glycoside hydrolases, while an inefficient rumen had more glycosyl transferases. Enrichment of metabolic pathways was observed in the inefficient group, while efficient animals emphasized bacterial environmental sensing and motility over microbial growth. The results suggest that inter-kingdom interactions should be further analyzed to understand their association with the feed efficiency of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miika Tapio
- Genomics and Breeding, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Daniel Fischer
- Applied Statistical Methods, Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntysaari
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ilma Tapio
- Genomics and Breeding, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Du Y, Gao Y, Hu M, Hou J, Yang L, Wang X, Du W, Liu J, Xu Q. Colonization and development of the gut microbiome in calves. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:46. [PMID: 37031166 PMCID: PMC10082981 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization and development of the gut microbiome are crucial for the growth and health of calves. In this review, we summarized the colonization, beneficial nutrition, immune function of gut microbiota, function of the gut barrier, and the evolution of core microbiota in the gut of calves of different ages. Homeostasis of gut microbiome is beneficial for nutritional and immune system development of calves. Disruption of the gut microbiome leads to digestive diseases in calves, such as diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. Microbiota already exists in the gut of calf fetuses, and the colonization of microbiota continues to change dynamically under the influence of various factors, which include probiotics, diet, age, and genotype. Colonization depends on the interaction between the gut microbiota and the immune system of calves. The abundance and diversity of these commensal microbiota stabilize and play a critical role in the health of calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ya Gao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mingyang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiu Hou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linhai Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghuang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjuan Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Microbial Populations in Ruminal Liquid Samples from Beefmaster Steers at Both Extremes of RFI Values. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030663. [PMID: 36985235 PMCID: PMC10055678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is involved in the productivity of beef cattle, but the impact of different analysis strategies on microbial composition is unclear. Ruminal samples were obtained from Beefmaster steers (n = 10) at both extremes of residual feed intake (RFI) values (5 with the lowest and 5 with the highest RFI) from two consecutive days. Samples were processed using two different DNA extraction methods. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified using PCR and sequenced with a MiSeq instrument (Illumina). We analyzed 1.6 million 16S sequences from all 40 samples (10 steers, 2 time points, and 2 extraction methods). The abundance of most microbes was significantly different between DNA extraction methods but not between high-efficiency (LRFI) and low-efficiency (HRFI) animals. Exceptions include the genus Succiniclasticum (lower in LRFI, p = 0.0011), and others. Diversity measures and functional predictions were also mostly affected by DNA extraction methods, but some pathways showed significant differences between RFI levels (e.g., methylglyoxal degradation, higher in LRFI, p = 0.006). The results suggest that the abundance of some ruminal microbes is associated with feed efficiency and serves as a cautionary tale for the interpretation of results obtained with a single DNA extraction method.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bandarupalli VVK, St-Pierre B. Metagenomics-Based Analysis of Candidate Lactate Utilizers from the Rumen of Beef Cattle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030658. [PMID: 36985231 PMCID: PMC10054779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In ruminant livestock production, ruminal acidosis is an unintended consequence of the elevated dietary intake of starch-rich feedstuffs. The transition from a state of subacute acidosis (SARA) to acute acidosis is due in large part to the accumulation of lactate in the rumen, which is a consequence of the inability of lactate utilizers to compensate for the increased production of lactate. In this report, we present the 16S rRNA gene-based identification of two bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Bt-01708_Bf (89.0% identical to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) and Bt-01899_Ap (95.3% identical to Anaerococcus prevotii), that were enriched from rumen fluid cultures in which only lactate was provided as an exogenous substrate. Analyses of in-silico-predicted proteomes from metagenomics-assembled contigs assigned to these candidate ruminal bacterial species (Bt-01708_Bf: 1270 annotated coding sequences, 1365 hypothetical coding sequences; Bt-01899_Ap: 871 annotated coding sequences, 1343 hypothetical coding sequences) revealed genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase, a putative lactate transporter, as well as pathways for the production of short chain fatty acids (formate, acetate and butyrate) and for the synthesis of glycogen. In contrast to these shared functions, each OTU also exhibited distinct features, such as the potential for the utilization of a diversified set of small molecules as substrates (Bt-01708_Bf: malate, quinate, taurine and polyamines) or for the utilization of starch (Bt-01899_Ap: alpha-amylase enzymes). Together, these results will contribute to the continued characterization of ruminal bacterial species that can metabolize lactate into distinct subgroups based on other metabolic capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Vinay Kumar Bandarupalli
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- GenMark Diagnostics, 5964 La Place Ct, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun Y, Yu Y, Guo J, Zhong L, Zhang M. Alterations in Fecal Microbiota Linked to Environment and Sex in Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:929. [PMID: 36899786 PMCID: PMC10000040 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in impacting the host's metabolism, immunity, speciation, and many other functions. How sex and environment affect the structure and function of fecal microbiota in red deer (Cervus elaphus) is still unclear, particularly with regard to the intake of different diets. In this study, non-invasive molecular sexing techniques were used to determine the sex of fecal samples from both wild and captive red deer during the overwintering period. Fecal microbiota composition and diversity analyses were performed using amplicons from the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform. Based on Picrust2 prediction software, potential function distribution information was evaluated by comparing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG). The results showed that the fecal microbiota of the wild deer (WF, n = 10; WM, n = 12) was significantly enriched in Firmicutes and decreased in Bacteroidetes, while the captive deer (CF, n = 8; CM, n = 3) had a significantly higher number of Bacteroidetes. The dominant species of fecal microbiota in the wild and captive red deer were similar at the genus level. The alpha diversity index shows significant difference in fecal microbiota diversity between the males and females in wild deer (p < 0.05). Beta diversity shows significant inter-group differences between wild and captive deer (p < 0.05) but no significant differences between female and male in wild or captive deer. The metabolism was the most important pathway at the first level of KEGG pathway analysis. In the secondary pathway of metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, energy metabolism, and the metabolism of other amino acids were significantly different. In summary, these compositional and functional variations in the fecal microbiota of red deer may be helpful for guiding conservation management and policy decision-making, providing important information for future applications of population management and conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Yanze Yu
- Wildlife Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinhao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Linqiang Zhong
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Minghai Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cui X, Wang Z, Guo P, Li F, Chang S, Yan T, Zheng H, Hou F. Shift of Feeding Strategies from Grazing to Different Forage Feeds Reshapes the Rumen Microbiota To Improve the Ability of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) To Adapt to the Cold Season. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0281622. [PMID: 36809032 PMCID: PMC10100778 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02816-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of ruminant-rumen microbiome symbiosis associated with feeding strategies in the cold season were examined. Twelve pure-grazing adult Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) (18 months old; body weight, 40 ± 0.23 kg) were transferred from natural pasture to two indoor feedlots and fed either a native-pasture diet (NPF group) or an oat hay diet (OHF group) (n = 6 per treatment), and then the flexibility of rumen microbiomes to adapt to these compositionally different feeding strategies was examined. Principal-coordinate analysis and similarity analysis indicated that the rumen bacterial composition correlated with altered feeding strategies. Microbial diversity was higher in the grazing group than in those fed with native pasture and an oat hay diet (P < 0.05). The dominant microbial phyla were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the core bacterial taxa comprised mostly (42.49% of shared operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) Ruminococcaceae (408 taxa), Lachnospiraceae (333 taxa), and Prevotellaceae (195 taxa), which were relatively stable across different treatments. Greater relative abundances of Tenericutes at the phylum level, Pseudomonadales at the order level, Mollicutes at the class level, and Pseudomonas at the genus level were observed in a grazing period than in the other two treatments (NPF and OHF) (P < 0.05). In the OHF group, due to the high nutritional quality of the forage, Tibetan sheep can produce high concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and NH3-N by increasing the relative abundances of key bacteria in the rumen, such as Lentisphaerae, Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcus 2, Quinella, Bacteroidales RF16 group, and Prevotella 1, to aid in nutrients degradation and energy utilization. The levels of beneficial bacteria were increased by the oat hay diet; these microbiotas are likely to help improve and maintain host health and metabolic ability in Tibetan sheep to adapt to cold environments. The rumen fermentation parameters were significantly influenced by feeding strategy in the cold season (P < 0.05). Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the strong effect of feeding strategies on the rumen microbiota of Tibetan sheep, which provided a new idea for the nutrition regulation of Tibetan sheep grazing in the cold season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. IMPORTANCE During the cold season, like other high-altitude mammals, Tibetan sheep have to adapt their physiological and nutritional strategies, as well as the structure and function of their rumen microbial community, to the seasonal variation of lower food availability and quality. This study focused on the changes and adaptability in the rumen microbiota of Tibetan sheep when they adapted from grazing to a high-efficiency feeding strategy during the cold season by analyzing the rumen microbiota of Tibetan sheep raised under the different management systems, and it shows the linkages among the rumen core and pan-bacteriomes, nutrient utilization, and rumen short-chain fatty acids. The findings from this study suggest that the feeding strategies potentially contribute to variations in the pan-rumen bacteriome, together with the core bacteriome. Fundamental knowledge on the rumen microbiomes and their roles in nutrient utilization furthers our understanding of how rumen microbial adaptation to harsh environments may function in hosts. The facts obtained from the present trial clarified the possible mechanisms of the positive effects of feeding strategy on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in harsh environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Penghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Livestock Production Science Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, County Down, United Kingdom
| | - Huiru Zheng
- School of Computing, University of Ulster, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yao H, Mo Q, Wu H, Zhao D. How do living conditions affect the gut microbiota of endangered Père David's deer ( Elaphurus davidianus)? Initial findings from the warm temperate zone. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14897. [PMID: 36860766 PMCID: PMC9969852 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reintroduction is an effective strategy in the conservation of endangered species under scientific monitoring. Intestinal flora plays an important role in the envir onmental adaptation of endangered Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus). In this study, 34 fecal samples from E. davidianus were collected from different habitats in Tianjin city of China to investigate differences in the intestinal flora under captive and semi-free-ranging conditions. Based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, a total of 23 phyla and 518 genera were obtained. Firmicutes was dominant in all individuals. At the genus level, UCG-005 (13.05%) and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (8.94%) were dominant in captive individuals, while Psychrobacillus (26.53%) and Pseudomonas (11.33%) were dominant in semi-free-ranging individuals. Alpha diversity results showed that the intestinal flora richness and diversity were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in captive individuals than in semi-free-ranging individuals. Beta diversity analysis also showed a significant difference (P = 0.001) between the two groups. In addition, some age- and sex-related genera such as Monoglobus were identified. In summary, the structure and diversity of intestinal flora showed significant habitat variation. This is the first time an analysis has been undertaken of the structural differences of the intestinal flora in Père David's deer, under different habitats in the warm temperate zone, providing a reference basis for the conservation of endangered species.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang J, Yang Y, Lei X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Yao J. Active dry yeast supplementation benefits ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, blood immunoglobulins, and growth performance in young dairy goats, but not for intermittent supplementation. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:289-301. [PMID: 37168451 PMCID: PMC10165222 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of active dry yeast (ADY) supplementation and supplementation strategies on ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, blood metabolites, and growth performance in young dairy goats. Sixty young female Guanzhong dairy goats of similar age (4.00 ± 0.50 months) and BW (19.65 ± 0.41 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20): (1) basal diet group (CON); (2) basal diet continuously supplemented with 3.0 g/goat per day commercial ADY (a proprietary strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 5.0 × 109 cfu/g) group (CSY); (3) basal diet with intermittently supplemented ADY group (ISY; 5 d supplementation with ADY at 4.5 g/goat per day following 5 d of no supplementation). The experiment lasted 67 d with the first 7 d as an adaptive period. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected bi-weekly. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure combined with the SLICE option in SAS. Specific orthogonal contrasts of ADY vs. CON and CSY vs. ISY were also analyzed. During the experimental period, ADY supplementation resulted in greater DMI (P = 0.03), ruminal acetate proportion (P < 0.01) and acetylesterase activity (P = 0.01), and blood contents of glucose (P = 0.01) and IgM (P = 0.02) and tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.05) and paunch girth (P = 0.06) than the CON, despite the propionate proportion (P = 0.03) and contents of total protein (P = 0.04) and IgA (P = 0.03) being lower. The lower ruminal NH3-N (P < 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.07) contents indicated greater nitrogen utilization with ADY supplementation. ADY supplementation showed persistent effects after it was stopped because the BW at 12 months of age (P = 0.03) and birth weight of lambs (P = 0.02) were greater than the CON. However, the ISY did not show those benefits and had significantly lower relative abundances of fiber-degrading related bacteria than the CSY. In conclusion, ADY supplementation, especially continuously supplemented, may enhance ADG and ADG:DMI ratio by improving DMI, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance and enzyme activity, nitrogen utilization, and immune status. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of ADY and have important practical implications for the design of nutritional strategies in growing dairy goats.
Collapse
|
38
|
Hailemariam D, Hashemiranjbar M, Manafiazar G, Stothard P, Plastow G. Milk metabolomics analyses of lactating dairy cows with divergent residual feed intake reveals physiological underpinnings and novel biomarkers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1146069. [PMID: 37091872 PMCID: PMC10113888 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1146069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunity to select for feed efficient cows has been limited by inability to cost-effectively record individual feed efficiency on an appropriate scale. This study investigated the differences in milk metabolite profiles between high- and low residual feed intake (RFI) categories and identified biomarkers of residual feed intake and models that can be used to predict residual feed intake in lactating Holsteins. Milk metabolomics analyses were undertaken at early, mid and late lactation stages and residual feed intake was calculated in 72 lactating dairy cows. Cows were ranked and grouped into high residual feed intake (RFI >0.5 SD above the mean, n = 20) and low residual feed intake (RFI <0.5 SD below the mean, n = 20). Milk metabolite profiles were compared between high residual feed intake (least efficient) and low residual feed intake (most efficient) groups. Results indicated that early lactation was predominantly characterized by significantly elevated levels of medium chain acyl carnitines and glycerophospholipids in high residual feed intake cows. Citrate cycle and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the associated pathways enriched with the significantly different metabolites in early lactation. At mid lactation short and medium chain acyl carnitines, glycerophospholipids and amino acids were the main metabolite groups differing according to residual feed intake category. Late lactation was mainly characterized by increased levels of amino acids in high residual feed intake cows. Amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis pathways were enriched for metabolites that differed between residual feed intake groups at the mid and late lactation stages. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified candidate biomarkers: decanoylcarnitine (area under the curve: AUC = 0.81), dodecenoylcarnitine (AUC = 0.81) and phenylalanine (AUC = 0.85) at early, mid and late stages of lactation, respectively. Furthermore, panels of metabolites predicted residual feed intake with validation coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.65, 0.37 and 0.60 at early, mid and late lactation stages, respectively. The study sheds light on lactation stage specific metabolic differences between high-residual feed intake and low-residual feed intake lactating dairy cows. Candidate biomarkers that distinguished divergent residual feed intake groups and panels of metabolites that predict individual residual feed intake phenotypes were identified. This result supports the potential of milk metabolites to select for more efficient cows given that traditional residual feed intake phenotyping is costly and difficult to conduct in commercial farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagnachew Hailemariam
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Dagnachew Hailemariam,
| | - Mohsen Hashemiranjbar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ghader Manafiazar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Animal Science and Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graham Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen X, Han Z, Dong J, Xiao J, Zhao W, Rong J, Aschalew ND, Zhang X, Qin G, Zhen Y, Sun Z, Wang T. Dietary protein to starch metabolizable energy ratios alter growth performance and gastrointestinal microbiota of calves. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1065721. [PMID: 36937312 PMCID: PMC10014794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1065721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The diet structure is very important for the growth and development of calves. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary protein-to-starch metabolizable energy ratios (DPSRs) on growth performance, blood index, and gastrointestinal microbiota of calves. Forty-eight Holstein bull calves were fed six dietary DPSRs including A20-35 (20% CP and 35% starch), B20-30, C20-25, D22-35, E22-30, and F22-25 at d 4 to d 60, and then changed to another six dietary DPSRs at d 61 to d 180 (A18-30, B18-27, C18-24, D20-30, E20-27, and F20-24). Twelve calves (d 60) from groups A20-35, C20-25, D22-35, and F22-25 (n = 3) and another twelve calves (d 180) from groups A18-30, C18-24, D20-30, and F20-24 (n = 3) were euthanized. The growth performance parameters were measured. Blood, ruminal fluid, and cecum digesta were collected for further analysis. Results showed heart girth gain of B18-27 was significantly higher than A18-30, C18-24, and heart girth gain (d 180) was significantly affected by protein × starch (DPSRs; p < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN; d 60) in C20-25 was significantly higher than A20-35 and B20-30 (p < 0.05). The BUN (d 180) in D20-30 was significantly higher than A18-30 (p < 0.05). The BUN was significantly affected by protein × starch (p < 0.05) on d 60. The albumin (ALB) levels in C20-25 and C18-24 were significantly higher than that in A20-35 on d 60 and A18-30 on d 180, respectively (p < 0.05). The ALB level in D22-35 on d 60 and E20-27 on d 180 was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05). The ALB level was significantly affected by protein and starch, respectively, on d 60 (p < 0.05). In the rumen, the genera Roseburia (C20-25) and Dialister (D22-35), Prevotellaceae UCG-001 (C18-24), Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-002, and Anaerovorax (F20-24) were found in significant higher relative abundances than those in other groups (p < 0.05). In the cecum, the genera Bacteroides and Eisenbergiella (F22-25), Ruminiclostridium_1 and Candidatus Stoquefichus (A18-30), Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-004 and Tyzzerella 4 (D20-30), and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 and Klebsiella (F20-24) were found in significant higher abundances than those in other groups (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicated that the heart girth, BUN, ALB, and gastrointestinal microbiota responded distinctly to differing DPSRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiye Rong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Natnael D. Aschalew
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Sun,
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Tao Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fregulia P, Campos MM, Dias RJP, Liu J, Guo W, Pereira LGR, Machado MA, Faza DRDLR, Guan LL, Garnsworthy PC, Neves ALA. Taxonomic and predicted functional signatures reveal linkages between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency in dairy cattle raised in tropical areas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025173. [PMID: 36523842 PMCID: PMC9745175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants digest plant biomass more efficiently than monogastric animals due to their symbiotic relationship with a complex microbiota residing in the rumen environment. What remains unclear is the relationship between the rumen microbial taxonomic and functional composition and feed efficiency (FE), especially in crossbred dairy cattle (Holstein x Gyr) raised under tropical conditions. In this study, we selected twenty-two F1 Holstein x Gyr heifers and grouped them according to their residual feed intake (RFI) ranking, high efficiency (HE) (n = 11) and low efficiency (LE) (n = 11), to investigate the effect of FE on the rumen microbial taxa and their functions. Rumen fluids were collected using a stomach tube apparatus and analyzed using amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S (bacteria and archaea) and 18S (protozoa) rRNA genes. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analysis revealed no significant difference in the rumen microbiota between the HE and LE animals. Multivariate analysis (sPLS-DA) showed a clear separation of two clusters in bacterial taxonomic profiles related to each FE group, but in archaeal and protozoal profiles, the clusters overlapped. The sPLS-DA also revealed a clear separation in functional profiles for bacteria, archaea, and protozoa between the HE and LE animals. Microbial taxa were differently related to HE (e.g., Howardella and Shuttleworthia) and LE animals (e.g., Eremoplastron and Methanobrevibacter), and predicted functions were significatively different for each FE group (e.g., K03395-signaling and cellular process was strongly related to HE animals, and K13643-genetic information processing was related to LE animals). This study demonstrates that differences in the rumen microbiome relative to FE ranking are not directly observed from diversity indices (Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity, Pielou's Evenness, Shannon's diversity, weighted UniFrac distance, Jaccard index, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), but from targeted identification of specific taxa and microbial functions characterizing each FE group. These results shed light on the role of rumen microbial taxonomic and functional profiles in crossbred Holstein × Gyr dairy cattle raised in tropical conditions, creating the possibility of using the microbial signature of the HE group as a biological tool for the development of biomarkers that improve FE in ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Fregulia
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Magalhães Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Júnio Pedroso Dias
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro de Lima Reis Faza
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA), National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Phil C. Garnsworthy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - André Luis Alves Neves
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang X, Zeng H, Xu J, Zhai Y, Xia H, Xi Y, Han Z. Characteristics of ruminal microbiota and metabolome in Holstein cows differing in milk protein concentrations. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac253. [PMID: 35938984 PMCID: PMC9645559 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen is a vital organ containing vast amounts of microbes that play a key role in the digestion of nutrients and affect the production performance of ruminants. However, few studies have focused on the characterization of the ruminal microbiota composition and function in cows with long-term difference milk protein concentrations, and the relationship between milk protein concentration and ruminal microbiota remains elusive. In this study, we collected the data of milk protein concentrations of 1,025 Holstein cows for 10 mo on a commercial farm. Based on the milk protein concentrations, 30 cows were selected and divided into three groups (n = 10 per group): low milk protein group (LMP, milk protein concentration < 3.1%), medium milk protein group (MMP, 3.1% ≤ milk protein concentration < 3.4%), and high milk protein group (HMP, milk protein concentration ≥ 3.4%). The ruminal microbiome, metabolome, VFA concentrations and proportions, and amino acid profiles of the three groups were analyzed. The data showed that free amino acid (FAA) levels were lower in the rumen and higher in the plasma of HMP cows (P < 0.05). In addition, lower NH3 concentrations were observed in the rumen, plasma, and milk of the HMP cows (P < 0.05). Protease activity and isobutyric acid molar proportion in the rumen were lower in the HMP group (P < 0.05). Microbiome analysis showed that HMP cows had lower microbial diversity (represented as Shannon and Simpson indices) than LMP cows. At the genus level, lower relative abundances of Prevotella_1 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 were observed in the HMP group (P < 0.05). At the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level, a lower relative abundance of OTU3 (Prevotella ruminicola) was observed in the HMP group (P < 0.05). We found that the relative abundances of ruminal Prevotella_1 and OTU3 (Prevotella ruminicola) were negatively correlated with milk protein concentration (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that the cows with long-term high milk protein concentrations had lower microbial diversity and weaker protein degradation ability in the rumen. Furthermore, our observations identified a correlation between the milk protein concentration and ruminal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hanfang Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunfei Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yumeng Xi
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Improved assessments of bulk milk microbiota composition via sample preparation and DNA extraction methods. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267992. [PMID: 36107863 PMCID: PMC9477292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bacterial detection by 16S rRNA gene amplicon DNA sequencing is a widely-applied technique, standardized methods for sample preparation and DNA extraction are needed to ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and scalability for automation. To develop these methods for bovine bulk milk, we assembled and tested a bacterial cell mock community (BCMC) containing bacterial species commonly found in milk. The following protocol variations were examined:: BCMC enumeration (colony enumeration or microscopy), sample volume (200 μl to 30 ml), sample storage condition (frozen in PBS or 25% glycerol or exposure to freeze-thaw cycles), cell lysis method (bead-beating, vortex, enzymatic), and DNA extraction procedure (MagMAX Total, MagMAX CORE, and MagMAX Ultra 2.0, with and without either Proteinase K or RNase A). Cell enumeration by microscopy was more accurate for quantification of the BCMC contents. We found that least 10 mL (≥ 104 cells in high quality milk) is needed for reproducible bacterial detection by 16S rRNA gene amplicon DNA sequencing, whereas variations in storage conditions caused minor differences in the BCMC. For DNA extraction and purification, a mild lysis step (bead-beating for 10 s at 4 m/s or vortexing at 1800 rpm for 10 s) paired with the MagMAX Total kit and Proteinase K digestion provided the most accurate representation of the BCMC. Cell lysis procedures conferred the greatest changes to milk microbiota composition and these effects were confirmed to provide similar results for commercial milk samples. Overall, our systematic approach with the BCMC is broadly applicable to other milk, food, and environmental samples therefore recommended for improving accuracy of culture-independent, DNA sequence-based analyses of microbial composition in different habitats.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rabapane KJ, Ijoma GN, Matambo TS. Insufficiency in functional genomics studies, data, and applications: A case study of bio-prospecting research in ruminant microbiome. Front Genet 2022; 13:946449. [PMID: 36118848 PMCID: PMC9472250 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.946449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, biotechnology has advanced at a rapid pace, propelled by the incorporation of bio-products into various aspects of pharmaceuticals, industry, and the environment. These developments have sparked interest in the bioprospecting of microorganisms and their products in a variety of niche environments. Furthermore, the use of omics technologies has greatly aided our analyses of environmental samples by elucidating the microbial ecological framework, biochemical pathways, and bio-products. However, the more often overemphasis on taxonomic identification in most research publications, as well as the data associated with such studies, is detrimental to immediate industrial and commercial applications. This review identifies several factors that contribute to the complexity of sequence data analysis as potential barriers to the pragmatic application of functional genomics, utilizing recent research on ruminants to demonstrate these limitations in the hopes of broadening our horizons and drawing attention to this gap in bioprospecting studies for other niche environments as well. The review also aims to emphasize the importance of routinely incorporating functional genomics into environmental metagenomics analyses in order to improve solutions that drive rapid industrial biocatalysis developments from derived outputs with the aim of achieving potential benefits in energy-use reduction and environmental considerations for current and future applications.
Collapse
|
44
|
Elolimy AA, Liang Y, Wilachai K, Alharthi AS, Paengkoum P, Trevisi E, Loor JJ. Residual feed intake in peripartal dairy cows is associated with differences in milk fat yield, ruminal bacteria, biopolymer hydrolyzing enzymes, and circulating biomarkers of immunometabolism. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6654-6669. [PMID: 35840400 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) measures feed efficiency independent of milk production level, and is typically calculated using data past peak lactation. In the current study, we retrospectively classified multiparous Holstein cows (n = 320) from 5 of our published studies into most feed-efficient (M-eff) or least feed-efficient (L-eff) groups using performance data collected during the peripartal period. Objectives were to assess differences in profiles of plasma biomarkers of immunometabolism, relative abundance of key ruminal bacteria, and activities of digestive enzymes in ruminal digesta between M-eff and L-eff cows. Individual data from cows with ad libitum access to a total mixed ration from d -28 to d +28 relative to calving were used. A linear regression model including dry matter intake (DMI), energy-corrected milk (ECM), changes in body weight (BW), and metabolic BW was used to classify cows based on RFI divergence into L-eff (n = 158) and M-eff (n = 162). Plasma collected from the coccygeal vessel at various times around parturition (L-eff = 60 cows; M-eff = 47 cows) was used for analyses of 30 biomarkers of immunometabolism. Ruminal digesta collected via esophageal tube (L-eff = 19 cows; M-eff = 29 cows) was used for DNA extraction and assessment of relative abundance (%) of 17 major bacteria using real-time PCR, as well as activity of cellulase, amylase, xylanase, and protease. The UNIVARIATE procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.) was used for analyses of RFI coefficients. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used for repeated measures analysis of performance, milk yield and composition, plasma immunometabolic biomarkers, ruminal bacteria, and enzyme activities. The M-eff cows consumed less DMI during the peripartal period compared with L-eff cows. In the larger cohort of cows, despite greater overall BW for M-eff cows especially in the prepartum (788 vs. 764 kg), no difference in body condition score was detected due to RFI or the interaction of RFI × time. Milk fat content (4.14 vs. 3.75 ± 0.06%) and milk fat yield (1.75 vs. 1.62 ± 0.04 kg) were greater in M-eff cows. Although cumulative ECM yield did not differ due to RFI (1,138 vs. 1,091 ± 21 kg), an RFI × time interaction due to greater ECM yield was found in M-eff cows. Among plasma biomarkers studied, concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, bilirubin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, myeloperoxidase, and reactive oxygen metabolites were overall greater, and glucose, paraoxonase, and IL-6 were lower in M-eff compared with L-eff cows. Among bacteria studied, abundance of Ruminobacter amylophilus and Prevotella ruminicola were more than 2-fold greater in M-eff cows. Despite lower ruminal activity of amylase in M-eff cows in the prepartum, regardless of RFI, we observed a marked linear increase after calving in amylase, cellulase, and xylanase activities. Protease activity did not differ due to RFI, time, or RFI × time. Despite greater concentrations of biomarkers reflective of negative energy balance and inflammation, higher feed efficiency measured as RFI in peripartal dairy cows might be associated with shifts in ruminal bacteria and amylase enzyme activity. Further studies could help address such factors, including the roles of the liver and the mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Elolimy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - K Wilachai
- Program of Animal science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand; Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - A S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Paengkoum
- Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 30000
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facolta di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Universita Cattolicadel Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Effect of Methionine Supplementation on Serum Metabolism and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151950. [PMID: 35953939 PMCID: PMC9367550 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is the first or second limiting amino acid for ruminants, such as sika deer, and has a variety of biological functions such as antioxidant activity, immune response, and protein synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of methionine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemistry, rumen fermentation, and the bacterial community of sika deer during the antler-growing period. Twelve 4-year-old male sika deer were randomly assigned to three dietary groups supplemented with 0 g/day (n = 4, CON), 4.0 g/day (n = 4, LMet), and 6.0 g/day (n = 4, HMet) methionine. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the production performance between the three groups, but antler weight was higher in both the LMet and HMet groups than in the CON group. Methionine supplementation significantly increased the serum glutathione peroxidase activity (p < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G level was significantly higher in the HMet group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant effect was found on the apparent amino acid digestibility of the three groups, but cysteine and methionine digestibility were higher in the LMet group. The serum hydroxylysine level was significantly lower in the LMet and HMet groups, whereas the serum lysine level was significantly lower in the HMet group compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). The LMet group had the highest but a nonsignificant total volatile fatty acid content and significantly higher microbial protein content in the rumen than the CON group (p < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of the sika deer. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) results showed a significant change in the bacterial composition of the three groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Prevotella and Rikenellaceae-RC9 was significantly higher in the LMet group compared with the CON group and CON and HMet groups, respectively. These results revealed that methionine supplementation improved the antioxidant activity and immune status, affecting amino acid metabolism and rumen microbial composition of the sika deer.
Collapse
|
46
|
Periodical Changes of Feces Microbiota and Its Relationship with Nutrient Digestibility in Early Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141770. [PMID: 35883317 PMCID: PMC9311505 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early mammal gut microorganism colonization affects host health, the feed conversion rate, and production performance. Herein, we explored how fecal microbiota develops and the interactions between microorganisms and nutrients. The lambs were separated from ewes at 7 days old, artificial feeding with milk replacer completely replaced lactation, and the starter diet was added. At 21 days old, the lambs were fed with complete starter and milk replacer was stopped. At day 7, 21, 35, and 49 after birth, fecal samples were collected. Then 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the fecal samples revealed that the alpha diversity increased significantly with age. Principal coordinates analysis showed clear clustering by age (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of 8 genera declined, 12 genera increased (p < 0.1), and 4 genera changed dramatically with age (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber significantly decreased by 21.77%, 23.15%, 23.62%, 19.38%, and 45.24%, respectively, from 7 to 35 days of age (p < 0.05), but not thereafter (p > 0.05). Fecal nutrient contents affected the abundance of bacterial genera (p < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae_unclassified, Clostridium XlVb, Bifidobacterium, and other genera had no relationship with the fecal nutrient content; however, they were closely related to nutrient intake and digestibility, possibly promoting nutrient digestion. Our results suggested that nutrient digestion of young lambs changed rapidly, which was closely related to intestinal microbial colonization.
Collapse
|
47
|
Fresco S, Marie-Etancelin C, Meynadier A, Martinez Boggio G. Variation in Rumen Bacteria of Lacaune Dairy Ewes From One Week to the Next. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:848518. [PMID: 35814674 PMCID: PMC9260014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.848518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms in the rumen microbiota and play essential roles, mainly fermenting plant compounds that yield fatty acids. In this study, we aimed at assessing stability of both bacterial composition and of its associations with rumen and milk fatty acids phenotypes over a 1-week period. The study was performed using 118 Lacaune dairy ewes from the INRAE Experimental Unit of La Fage. Rumen and milk samples were obtained from the ewes twice, 1 week apart, and microbiota composition, volatile and long-chain fatty acid concentrations were analyzed. Bacterial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and microbiota and fatty acids were analyzed as compositional data. As we worked with relative abundances expressed in a constrained space, the centered log-ratio transformation enabled to transform data to work with multivariate analyses in the Euclidian space. Bacterial composition differed between the 2 weeks of sampling, characterized by different proportions of the two main phyla, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The repeatability of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was low, although it varied significantly. However, 66 of them presented a repeatability of over 0.50 and were particularly associated with fatty acid phenotypes. Even though the OTUs from the same bacterial families presented similar correlations to fatty acids in both weeks, only a few OTUs were conserved over the 2 weeks. We proved with the help of sequencing data that there is significant change in microbial composition over a week in terms of abundance of different families of bacteria. Further studies are required to determine the impact of bacterial composition alterations over 1 week, and the specificities of the highly repeatable OTUs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Xiang K, Li S, Tuniyazi M, Mu R, Wang Y, Zhang N, Hu X, Fu Y. Changes in the rumen microbiota community in ketosis cows during propylene glycol treatment. Food Funct 2022; 13:7144-7156. [PMID: 35699056 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ketosis, a common metabolic disorder in dairy cattle, occurs during early lactation and leads to higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and is generally believed to be caused by excessive negative energy balance (NEB). Propylene glycol (PG), a gluconeogenic precursor, has been proved to promote gluconeogenesis and alleviate NEB. Oral administration of PG is widely considered one of the most effective therapeutic options for treating ketosis. Thus, in this study, we assessed the effects of PG on rumen microbiota via 16S rDNA analysis. The results show that one dose (500 mL) of PG treatment could rapidly reduce the blood BHBA level in ketosis cows by increasing the level and proportion of propionate in the rumen. Meanwhile, PG also had certain effects on the rumen bacterial community. Compared with before treatment, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 increased significantly, while those of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Butyrivibrio and Saccharofermentans significantly decreased. LEfSe analysis revealed that after PG treatment, only Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was enriched in the rumen fluid at the genus level. In conclusion, the present study indicates that ketosis is accompanied by alterations in the rumen microbiota community. PG treatment changes the composition of rumen microbiota to a healthier state and contributes to rapid recovery from ketosis. These results support the usage of PG for treating such metabolic diseases that challenge high-yield cows due to their minimized cost and maximized safety without any adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihe Xiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, Liaoning Province 118000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maimaiti Tuniyazi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu J, Ren A, Jiao J, Shen W, Yang L, Zhou C, Tan Z. Effects of Non-Protein Nitrogen Sources on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Diversity. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.891898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the effects of non-protein nitrogen sources on fermentation parameters and microbial diversity were explored using three fistula goats as rumen fluid donors. The experiments involved six fermenters in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three dietary non-protein sources [ammonium chloride (A), biuret (B), and glutamine (G)] as treatment factors. A dual-flow continuous culture fermentation system was used. Microbial protein content in group B was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen concentration significantly differed among the three groups (P < 0.01), following the order of G > A > B group. The acetate-to-propionate ratio in group G was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.01). At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Cyanobacteria, Elusimicrobia, and Armatimonadetes were the highest in group G, being significantly higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1 was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). Overall, glutamine shifted the fermentation pathway from acetate to propionate, and the lower microbial crude protein content and relative abundances of the major fiber-degrading bacteria Ruminococcus_1 and protein-degrading bacteria Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 in group B indicate that biuret is not suitable as a dietary non-protein nitrogen source.
Collapse
|
50
|
Dynamic changes in fecal bacterial microbiota of dairy cattle across the production line. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:132. [PMID: 35568809 PMCID: PMC9107139 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbiota play important roles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of dairy cattle as the communities are responsible for host health, growth, and production performance. However, a systematic characterization and comparison of microbial communities in the GIT of cattle housed in different management units on a modern dairy farm are still lacking. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate the fecal bacterial communities of 90 dairy cattle housed in 12 distinctly defined management units on a modern dairy farm. Results We found that cattle from management units 5, 6, 8, and 9 had similar bacterial communities while the other units showed varying levels of differences. Hutch calves had a dramatically different bacterial community than adult cattle, with at least 10 genera exclusively detected in their samples but not in non-neonatal cattle. Moreover, we compared fecal bacteria of cattle from every pair of the management units and detailed the number and relative abundance of the significantly differential genera. Lastly, we identified 181 pairs of strongly correlated taxa in the community, showing possible synergistic or antagonistic relationships. Conclusions This study assesses the fecal microbiota of cattle from 12 distinctly defined management units along the production line on a California dairy farm. The results highlight the similarities and differences of fecal microbiota between cattle from each pair of the management units. Especially, the data indicate that the newborn calves host very different gut bacterial communities than non-neonatal cattle, while non-neonatal cattle adopt one of the two distinct types of gut bacterial communities with subtle differences among the management units. The gut microbial communities of dairy cattle change dramatically in bacterial abundances at different taxonomic levels along the production line. The findings provide a reference for research and practice in modern dairy farm management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02549-3.
Collapse
|