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Pintão AM, Santos T, Nogueira F. Antimalarial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus L.) and Benzyl Isothiocyanate. Molecules 2024; 29:2316. [PMID: 38792178 PMCID: PMC11124403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains an important and challenging infectious disease, and novel antimalarials are required. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), the main breakdown product of benzyl glucosinolate, is present in all parts of Tropaeolum majus L. (T. majus) and has antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. To our knowledge, there is no information on the effects of BITC against malaria. The present study evaluates the antimalarial activity of aqueous extracts of BITC and T. majus seeds, leaves, and stems. We used flow cytometry to calculate the growth inhibition (GI) percentage of the extracts and BITC against unsynchronized cultures of the chloroquine-susceptible Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 - GFP strain. Extracts and/or compounds with at least 70% GI were validated by IC50 estimation against P. falciparum 3D7 - GFP and Dd2 (chloroquine-resistant strain) unsynchronized cultures by flow cytometry, and the resistance index (RI) was determined. T. majus aqueous extracts showed some antimalarial activity that was higher in seeds than in leaves or stems. BITC's GI was comparable to chloroquine's. BITC's IC50 was similar in both strains; thus, a cross-resistance absence with aminoquinolines was found (RI < 1). BITC presented features that could open new avenues for malaria drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Pintão
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, University Campus, Quinta da Granja Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, University Campus, Quinta da Granja Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.S.); (F.N.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.S.); (F.N.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, MolSyn, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
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Liu J, Zhu J, Hao H, Bi J, Hou H, Zhang G. Transcriptomic and Molecular Docking Analysis Reveal Virulence Gene Regulation-Mediated Antibacterial Effects of Benzyl Isothiocyanate Against Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04938-y. [PMID: 38709426 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen that can cause many serious infections. Thus, efficient and practical techniques to fight S. aureus are required. In this study, transcriptomics was used to evaluate changes in S. aureus following treatment with benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) to determine its antibacterial action. The results revealed that the BITC at subinhibitory concentrations (1/8th MIC) treated group had 94 differentially expressed genes compared to the control group, with 52 downregulated genes. Moreover, STRING analyses were used to reveal the protein interactions encoded by 36 genes. Then, we verified three significant virulence genes by qRT-PCR, including capsular polysaccharide synthesis enzyme (cp8F), capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein (cp5D), and thermonuclease (nuc). Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the action site of BITC with the encoded proteins of cp8F, cp5D, and nuc. The results showed that the docking fraction of BITC with selected proteins ranged from - 6.00 to - 6.60 kcal/mol, predicting the stability of these complexes. BITC forms hydrophobic, hydrogen-bonded, π-π conjugated interactions with amino acids TRP (130), GLY (10), ILE (406), LYS (368), TYR (192), and ARG (114) of these proteins. These findings will aid future research into the antibacterial effects of BITC against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Junya Zhu
- Jinkui Food Science and Technology (Dalian) Co., Ltd, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Hongshun Hao
- Department of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jingran Bi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Hongman Hou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Hoch CC, Shoykhet M, Weiser T, Griesbaum L, Petry J, Hachani K, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Wollenberg B. Isothiocyanates in medicine: A comprehensive review on phenylethyl-, allyl-, and benzyl-isothiocyanates. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107107. [PMID: 38354869 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, isothiocyanates (ITCs), bioactive compounds primarily derived from Brassicaceae vegetables and herbs, have gained significant attention within the biomedical field due to their versatile biological effects. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the therapeutic potential and individual biological mechanisms of the three specific ITCs phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), as well as their collective impact within the formulation of ANGOCIN® Anti-Infekt N (Angocin). Angocin comprises horseradish root (Armoracia rusticanae radix, 80 mg) and nasturtium (Tropaeoli majoris herba, 200 mg) and is authorized for treating inflammatory diseases affecting the respiratory and urinary tract. The antimicrobial efficacy of this substance has been confirmed both in vitro and in various clinical trials, with its primary effectiveness attributed to ITCs. PEITC, AITC, and BITC exhibit a wide array of health benefits, including potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, along with noteworthy anticancer potentials. Moreover, we highlight their ability to modulate critical biochemical pathways, such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, shedding light on their involvement in cellular apoptosis and their intricate role to guide immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Shoykhet
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Griesbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julie Petry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Khouloud Hachani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Pfäffle SP, Herz C, Brombacher E, Proietti M, Gigl M, Hofstetter CK, Mittermeier-Kleßinger VK, Claßen S, Tran HTT, Dawid C, Kreutz C, Günther S, Lamy E. A 14-Day Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Crossover Intervention Study with Anti-Bacterial Benzyl Isothiocyanate from Nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus) on Human Gut Microbiome and Host Defense. Nutrients 2024; 16:373. [PMID: 38337658 PMCID: PMC10857499 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial heterogeneity of studies, there is evidence that antibiotics commonly used in primary care influence the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in terms of changing their composition and/or diversity. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) from the food and medicinal plant nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is known for its antimicrobial activity and is used for the treatment of infections of the draining urinary tract and upper respiratory tract. Against this background, we raised the question of whether a 14 d nasturtium intervention (3 g daily, N = 30 healthy females) could also impact the normal gut microbiota composition. Spot urinary BITC excretion highly correlated with a weak but significant antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli. A significant increase in human beta defensin 1 as a parameter for host defense was seen in urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) upon verum intervention. Pre-to-post analysis revealed that mean gut microbiome composition did not significantly differ between groups, nor did the circulating serum metabolome. On an individual level, some large changes were observed between sampling points, however. Explorative Spearman rank correlation analysis in subgroups revealed associations between gut microbiota and the circulating metabolome, as well as between changes in blood markers and bacterial gut species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Pfäffle
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Herz
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Brombacher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19A, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Microbiome Core Facility, Breisacher Strasse 115, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph K. Hofstetter
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena K. Mittermeier-Kleßinger
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sophie Claßen
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hoai T. T. Tran
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Li CC, Liu KL, Lii CK, Yan WY, Lo CW, Chen CC, Yang YC, Chen HW. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits TNFα-driven lipolysis via suppression of the ERK/PKA/HSL signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2024; 121:95-107. [PMID: 38056034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), an inflammatory cytokine, induces lipolysis and increases circulating concentrations of free fatty acids. In addition, TNFα is the first adipokine produced by adipose tissue in obesity, contributing to obesity-associated metabolic disease. Given that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, we hypothesized that BITC can ameliorate TNFα-induced lipolysis and investigated the working mechanisms involved. We first challenged 3T3-L1 adipocytes with TNFα to induce lipolysis, which was confirmed by increased glycerol release, decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1), and increased phosphorylation of ERK, protein kinase A (PKA), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). However, inhibition of ERK or PKA significantly attenuated the lipolytic activity of TNFα. Meanwhile, pretreatment with BITC significantly ameliorated the lipolytic activity of TNFα; the TNFα-induced phosphorylation of ERK, PKA, and HSL; the TNFα-induced ubiquitination of PPARγ; the TNFα-induced decrease in PPARγ nuclear protein binding to PPAR response element; and the TNFα-induced decrease in PLIN1 protein expression. Our results indicate that BITC ameliorates TNFα-induced lipolysis by inhibiting the ERK/PKA/HSL signaling pathway, preventing PPARγ proteasomal degradation, and maintaining PLIN1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ying Yan
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan.
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Li L, Lin Y, Agyekumwaa Addo K, Yu Y, Liao C. Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on the growth and virulence of Clostridium perfringens and its application on cooked pork. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113110. [PMID: 37689877 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the antibacterial action modes and virulence-inhibitory effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AITC against vegetative cells of Cp 13124 was 0.1 μL/mL, and the time-kill kinetics analysis revealed that AITC could significantly suppress the growth of Cp 13124. According to the results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, and UV absorbance substance detection, the cell membrane of Cp 13124 was damaged upon AITC treatment, causing a loss of integrity and the release of intracellular substances. Meanwhile, the fluorescence quenching experiment indicated the interaction of AIT-C with membrane proteins, which caused changes in the conformation of membrane proteins. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that AITC could induce apoptosis through oxidative stress. The formation of Cp 13124 biofilms was inhibited by AITC using the crystalline violet method, which was possibly related to the inhibition of sliding motility. Finally, low concentrations of AITC could be used as an antibacterial agent to inhibit the outgrowth of Cp 13124 in cooked pork, suggesting that AITC is a promising candidate for novel preservatives in the meat business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Li
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yilin Lin
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Keren Agyekumwaa Addo
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yigang Yu
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Caihu Liao
- Yingdong Food Science and Engineering Institute, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resourcesin Northern Guangdong, Shaoguan 512005, China.
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Abdel-Massih RM, Debs E, Othman L, Attieh J, Cabrerizo FM. Glucosinolates, a natural chemical arsenal: More to tell than the myrosinase story. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130208. [PMID: 37089539 PMCID: PMC10114928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of thioglucosides that belong to the class of plant nitrogen-containing natural products. So far, very little biological activity has been associated with intact glucosinolates. The hydrolysis of glucosinolates has, for long, attracted attention because of the potent biological activity of the hydrolysis products. From allelopathic to antiparasitic, antimicrobial and antineoplastic effects, the activity spectrum of the degradation products of typical glucosinolates has been the subject of much research. The present review seeks to address the various means of glucosinolate degradation (thermal, enzymatic, or chemical degradation) and the ensuing products. It also aims to draw a comparative profile of the various antimicrobial effects of these degradation products to provide a further understanding of the biological function of these important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Leen Othman
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Jihad Attieh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, National Scientific and Technical Research Council – National University of General San Martín, Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, National University of General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yi W, Gu L, Wang Y, Lin J, Zhang L, Wang Q, Diao W, Qi Y, Chi M, Yin M, Li C, Zhao G. Benzyl isothiocyanate improves the prognosis of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal load and inhibiting Mincle signal pathway. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119568. [PMID: 36876115 PMCID: PMC9978348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis is a potential blinding disease associated with A. fumigatus invasion and excessive inflammatory response. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a secondary metabolite with broad antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity extracted from cruciferous species. However, the role of BITC in A. fumigatus keratitis has not been discovered yet. This study aims to explore the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of BITC in A. fumigatus keratitis. Our results provided evidences that BITC exerted antifungal effects against A. fumigatus by damaging cell membranes, mitochondria, adhesion, and biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, fungal load and inflammatory response including inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were reduced in BITC-treated A. fumigatus keratitis. Additionally, BITC significantly decreased Mincle, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in RAW264.7 cells that stimulated by A. fumigatus or Mincle ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate. In summary, BITC possessed fungicidal activities and could improve the prognosis of A. fumigatus keratitis by reducing fungal load and inhibiting the inflammatory response mediated by Mincle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weilin Diao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinghe Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Menghui Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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9
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Sulforaphane and Its Bifunctional Analogs: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051750. [PMID: 35268851 PMCID: PMC8911885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, various plants have been studied as sources of biologically active compounds. Compounds with anticancer and antimicrobial properties are the most frequently desired. Cruciferous plants, including Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and wasabi, have a special role in the research studies. Studies have shown that consumption of these plants reduce the risk of lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The high chemopreventive and anticancer potential of cruciferous plants results from the presence of a large amount of glucosinolates, which, under the influence of myrosinase, undergo an enzymatic transformation to biologically active isothiocyanates (ITCs). Natural isothiocyanates, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, or the best-tested sulforaphane, possess anticancer activity at all stages of the carcinogenesis process, show antibacterial activity, and are used in organic synthesis. Methods of synthesis of sulforaphane, as well as its natural or synthetic bifunctional analogues with sulfinyl, sulfanyl, sulfonyl, phosphonate, phosphinate, phosphine oxide, carbonyl, ester, carboxamide, ether, or additional isothiocyanate functional groups, and with the unbranched alkyl chain containing 2-6 carbon atoms, are discussed in this review. The biological activity of these compounds are also reported. In the first section, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and mercapturic acids (their metabolites) are briefly characterized. Additionally, the most studied anticancer and antibacterial mechanisms of ITC actions are discussed.
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Louise Alderley C, Greenrod STE, Friman V. Plant pathogenic bacterium can rapidly evolve tolerance to an antimicrobial plant allelochemical. Evol Appl 2022; 15:735-750. [PMID: 35603031 PMCID: PMC9108312 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop losses to plant pathogens are a growing threat to global food security and more effective control strategies are urgently required. Biofumigation, an agricultural technique where Brassica plant tissues are mulched into soils to release antimicrobial plant allelochemicals called isothiocyanates (ITCs), has been proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative to agrochemicals. Whilst biofumigation has been shown to suppress a range of plant pathogens, its effects on plant pathogenic bacteria remain largely unexplored. Here, we used a laboratory model system to compare the efficacy of different types of ITCs against Ralstonia solanacearum plant bacterial pathogen. Additionally, we evaluated the potential for ITC‐tolerance evolution under high, intermediate, and low transfer frequency ITC exposure treatments. We found that allyl‐ITC was the most efficient compound at suppressing R. solanacearum growth, and its efficacy was not improved when combined with other types of ITCs. Despite consistent pathogen growth suppression, ITC tolerance evolution was observed in the low transfer frequency exposure treatment, leading to cross‐tolerance to ampicillin beta‐lactam antibiotic. Mechanistically, tolerance was linked to insertion sequence movement at four positions in genes that were potentially associated with stress responses (H‐NS histone like protein), cell growth and competitiveness (acyltransferase), iron storage ([2‐Fe‐2S]‐binding protein) and calcium ion sequestration (calcium‐binding protein). Interestingly, pathogen adaptation to the growth media also indirectly selected for increased ITC tolerance through potential adaptations linked with metabolism and antibiotic resistance (dehydrogenase‐like protein) and transmembrane protein movement (Tat pathway signal protein). Together, our results suggest that R. solanacearum can rapidly evolve tolerance to allyl‐ITC plant allelochemical which could constrain the long‐term efficiency of biofumigation biocontrol and potentially shape pathogen evolution with plants.
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Li H, Ming X, Xu D, Mo H, Liu Z, Hu L, Zhou X. Transcriptome Analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Reveal Multitarget-Directed Antibacterial Mechanisms of Benzyl Isothiocyanate against Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11733-11741. [PMID: 34558287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can cause many diseases and has a strong tendency to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. In this study, benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) was shown to have an excellent inhibitory effect on S. aureus ATCC25923 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/mL. Under a scanning electron microscope, shrinkage and lysis of the cellular envelope were observed when exposed to BITC, and a bactericidal mode of BITC against S. aureus was further confirmed through flow cytometry. Additionally, the RNA profiles of S. aureus cells exposed to BITC indicated a violent transcriptional response to BITC. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, it was found that many pathways involving bacterial survival were significantly affected, such as RNA degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, arginine biosynthesis, and so forth. A gene co-expression network was constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and six biologically meaningful co-expression modules and 125 hub genes were identified from the network. Among them, EfeB, GroES, SmpB, and Lsp were possibly targeted by BITC, leading to the death of S. aureus. Our results indicated a great potential of BITC to be applied in food safety and pharmaceuticals, highlighting its multitarget-directed bactericidal effects on S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xujia Ming
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Haizhen Mo
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Zhenbin Liu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Liangbin Hu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Pathobiology & Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Transcriptomic Reprograming of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris after Treatment with Hydrolytic Products Derived from Glucosinolates. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081656. [PMID: 34451701 PMCID: PMC8400333 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes black rot disease in Brassica crops. Glucosinolates are known to be part of the defence system of Brassica crops against Xcc infection. They are activated upon pathogen attack by myrosinase enzymes. Their hydrolytic products (GHPs) inhibit the growth of Xcc in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying this inhibition and the way Xcc can overcome it are not well understood. We studied the transcriptomic reprogramming of Xcc after being supplemented with two chemically different GHPs, one aliphatic isothiocyanate (allyl-ITC) and one indole (indol-3-carbinol), by RNA-seq. Based on our results, the arrest in Xcc growth is related to the need to stop cell division to repair damaged DNA and cell envelope components. Otherwise, GHPs modify energy metabolism by inhibiting aerobic respiration and increasing the synthesis of glycogen. Xcc induces detoxification mechanisms such as the antioxidant defence system and the multidrug efflux system to cope with the toxic effects driven by GHPs. This is the first time that the transcriptomic reprogramming of a plant pathogenic bacterium treated with GHPs has been studied. This information will allow a better understanding of the interaction of a plant pathogen mediated by GSLs.
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Li P, Zhao YM, Wang C, Zhu HP. Antibacterial activity and main action pathway of benzyl isothiocyanate extracted from papaya seeds. J Food Sci 2020; 86:169-176. [PMID: 33300139 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of natural antimicrobial agents has attracted long-term attention due to the increasing demand for food preservation. Papaya, a widely cultivated nutritious tropical fruit, has benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) as one of the most important secondary metabolites in its seeds. And the antibacterial activity of BITC toward different strains and the main antibacterial pathway remain unclear. The current study focused on characterizing the antibacterial effect and exploring the major bacteriostatic pathway of BITC. BITC was shown to have a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 µL/mL for Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus niger, and 0.5 µL/mL for Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Penicillium citrinum. Additionally, BITC was identified to affect the integrity of the biological oxidation system rather than the permeability or morphology of cell membranes. Furthermore, BITC was found not only to affect ATP production but also to hinder a series of important chemical reactions of the coenzymes involved in the transfer of hydrogen ions in the respiratory chain. The bacteriostatic pathway of BITC was shown to be implicated in an incomplete respiratory chain and the deregulation of the metabolism system. These results indicate the potential of BITC as a natural preservative in the food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: BITC is present in papaya seeds and can be extracted and purified. Exploring its antibacterial activity and main action pathway may facilitate its application as a new bacteriostatic agent in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Demonstration Center of Food Quality and Safety Testing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yi-Meng Zhao
- Demonstration Center of Food Quality and Safety Testing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Demonstration Center of Food Quality and Safety Testing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hua-Ping Zhu
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing, 100045, China
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Wilcox A, Murphy M, Tucker D, Laprade D, Roussel B, Chin C, Hallisey V, Kozub N, Brass A, Austriaco N. Sulforaphane alters the acidification of the yeast vacuole. MICROBIAL CELL 2020; 7:129-138. [PMID: 32391394 PMCID: PMC7199281 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.05.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane] found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that is currently of interest because of its potential as a chemopreventive and a chemotherapeutic drug. Recent studies in a diverse range of cellular and animal models have shown that SFN is involved in multiple intracellular pathways that regulate xenobiotic metabolism, inflammation, cell death, cell cycle progression, and epigenetic regulation. In order to better understand the mechanisms of action behind SFN-induced cell death, we undertook an unbiased genome wide screen with the yeast knockout (YKO) library to identify SFN sensitive (SFNS) mutants. The mutants were enriched with knockouts in genes linked to vacuolar function suggesting a link between this organelle and SFN's mechanism of action in yeast. Our subsequent work revealed that SFN increases the vacuolar pH of yeast cells and that varying the vacuolar pH can alter the sensitivity of yeast cells to the drug. In fact, several mutations that lower the vacuolar pH in yeast actually made the cells resistant to SFN (SFNR). Finally, we show that human lung cancer cells with more acidic compartments are also SFNR suggesting that SFN's mechanism of action identified in yeast may carry over to higher eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wilcox
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Douglass Tucker
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - David Laprade
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Breton Roussel
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Christopher Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 368 Plantation St., ASC 1001, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Victoria Hallisey
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Noah Kozub
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Abraham Brass
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 368 Plantation St., ASC 1001, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicanor Austriaco
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
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15
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Chen HW, Yen CC, Kuo LL, Lo CW, Huang CS, Chen CC, Lii CK. Benzyl isothiocyanate ameliorates high-fat/cholesterol/cholic acid diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through inhibiting cholesterol crystal-activated NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 393:114941. [PMID: 32126212 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing worldwide. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is central to the development of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated whether benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) ameliorates diet-induced NASH and the mechanisms involved. C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid (HFCCD) and Kupffer cells stimulated with LPS and cholesterol crystals (CC) were studied. LPS/CC increased the expression of the active form of caspase 1 (p20) and the secretion of IL-1β by Kupffer cells, and these changes were reversed by MCC950, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. LPS/CC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production were dose-dependently attenuated by BITC. BITC decreased cathepsin B release from lysosomes and binding to NLRP3 induced by LPS/CC. Compared with a normal diet, the HFCCD increased serum levels of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, and IL-1β and hepatic contents of triglycerides and total cholesterol. BITC administration (0.1% in diet) reversed the increase in AST and hepatic triglycerides in the HFCCD group. Moreover, BITC suppressed lipid accumulation, macrophage infiltration, fibrosis, crown-like structure formation, and p20 caspase 1 and p17 IL-1β expression in liver in the HFCCD group. These results suggest that BITC ameliorates HFCCD-induced steatohepatitis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells and may protect against diet-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Khan M, Alkhathlan HZ, Khan ST. Antibiotic and Antibiofilm Activities of Salvadora persica L. Essential Oils against Streptococcus mutans: A Detailed Comparative Study with Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010066. [PMID: 31963342 PMCID: PMC7169458 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of organic components from plants as an alternative antimicrobial agent is becoming popular due to the development of drug-resistance in various pathogens. Essential oils from fresh (MF-1) and dried (MD-1) roots of Salvadora persica L. were extracted and benzyl isothiocynate was determined as their chief constituent using GC-MS and GC-FID. The antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of MD-1 and MF-1 against Streptococcus mutans a dental caries causing bacteria were determined using multiple assays. These activities were compared with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and clove oil, well known antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene. Essential oils demonstrated IC50 values (10–11 µg/mL) comparable to that of CHX, showed a significant reduction (82 ± 7–87 ± 6%) of the biofilm formation at a very low concentration. These results were supported by RT-PCR studies showing change in the expression levels of AtlE, gtfB, ymcA and sodA genes involved in autolysis, biofilm formation and oxidative stress, respectively. The results presented in this study show the robust bactericidal and antibiofilm activity of MD-1 and MF-1 against S. mutans which is comparable to Chlorhexidine digluconate. Our results suggest that these essential oils can be as effective as CHX and hence can serve as a good alternative antimicrobial agent for oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (H.Z.A.)
| | - Hamad Z. Alkhathlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (H.Z.A.)
| | - Shams Tabrez Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 2002002 UP, India
- Correspondence:
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Comparison of the inhibitory potential of benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate on Shiga toxin-producing and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Rajamanickam K, Yang J, Sakharkar MK. Phytochemicals as alternatives to antibiotics against major pathogens involved in bovine respiratory disease(BRD)and bovine mastitis(BM). Bioinformation 2019; 15:32-35. [PMID: 31359996 PMCID: PMC6651029 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and bovine mastitis (BM) are the most common and costly infectious diseases in beef cattle and dairy
cattle, respectively. In the current study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of seven phytochemicals against twelve BRD- and/or BMcausing
bacterial pathogens. Our results show that allyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocynate, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are effective
against most of the BRD- and/or BM-causing bacterial pathogens and could be repurposed as alternatives to antibiotics for the
prevention/elimination of BRD and BM in feedlots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthic Rajamanickam
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Kwapong AA, Stapleton P, Gibbons S. Inhibiting plasmid mobility: The effect of isothiocyanates on bacterial conjugation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:629-636. [PMID: 30685311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial conjugation is the main mechanism for the transfer of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes among pathogenic micro-organisms. This process may be controlled by compounds that inhibit bacterial conjugation. In this study, the effects of allyl isothiocyanate, l-sulforaphane, benzyl isothiocyanate, phenylethyl isothiocyanate and 4-methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate on the conjugation of broad-host-range plasmids harbouring various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli were investigated, namely plasmids pKM101 (IncN), TP114 (IncI2), pUB307 (IncP) and the low-copy-number plasmid R7K (IncW). Benzyl isothiocyanate (32 mg/L) significantly reduced conjugal transfer of pKM101, TP114 and pUB307 to 0.3 ± 0.6%, 10.7 ± 3.3% and 6.5 ± 1.0%, respectively. l-sulforaphane (16 mg/L; transfer frequency 21.5 ± 5.1%) and 4-methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate (100 mg/L; transfer frequency 5.2 ± 2.8%) were the only compounds showing anti-conjugal specificity by actively reducing the transfer of R7K and pUB307, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awo Afi Kwapong
- Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Paul Stapleton
- Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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20
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Functional Profiling and Crystal Structures of Isothiocyanate Hydrolases Found in Gut-Associated and Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00478-18. [PMID: 29752272 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00478-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are produced by cruciferous plants to protect them against herbivores and infection by microbes. These compounds are of particular interest due to their antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic properties. The breakdown of ITCs in nature is catalyzed by isothiocyanate hydrolases (ITCases), a novel family within the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-fold superfamily of proteins. saxA genes that code for ITCases are particularly widespread in insect- and plant-associated bacteria. Enzymatic characterization of seven phylogenetically related but distinct ITCases revealed similar activities on six selected ITCs, suggesting that phylogenetic diversity does not determine the substrate specificity of ITCases. X-ray crystallography studies of two ITCases sharing 42% amino acid sequence identity revealed a highly conserved tertiary structure. Notable features of ITCases include a hydrophobic active site with two Zn2+ ions coordinating water/hydroxide and a flexible cap that is implicated in substrate recognition and covers the active site. This report reveals the function and structure of the previously uncharacterized family of isothiocyanate hydrolases within the otherwise relatively well-studied superfamily of metallo-β-lactamases.IMPORTANCE This study explores a newly discovered protein in the β-lactamase superfamily, namely, SaxA, or isothiocyanate hydrolase. Isothiocyanates are defensive compounds found in many cabbage-related crop plants and are currently being investigated for their antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic properties. We show that isothiocyanate hydrolases are responsible for the breakdown of several of these plant defensive chemicals in vitro and suggest their potential for mitigating the beneficial effects of isothiocyanates in crop protection and cancer prevention.
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Romeo L, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Isothiocyanates: An Overview of Their Antimicrobial Activity against Human Infections. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29522501 PMCID: PMC6017699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant-derived products as antimicrobial agents has been investigated in depth. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive products resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GLs), the most abundant secondary metabolites in the botanical order Brassicales. Although the antimicrobial activity of ITCs against foodborne and plant pathogens has been well documented, little is known about their antimicrobial properties against human pathogens. This review collects studies that focus on this topic. Particular focus will be put on ITCs’ antimicrobial properties and their mechanism of action against human pathogens for which the current therapeutic solutions are deficient and therefore of prime importance for public health. Our purpose was the evaluation of the potential use of ITCs to replace or support the common antibiotics. Even though ITCs appear to be effective against the most important human pathogens, including bacteria with resistant phenotypes, the majority of the studies did not show comparable results and thus it is very difficult to compare the antimicrobial activity of the different ITCs. For this reason, a standard method should be used and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Romeo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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22
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Martos GG, Mamani A, Filippone MP, Abate PO, Katz NE, Castagnaro AP, Díaz Ricci JC. Ellagitannin HeT obtained from strawberry leaves is oxidized by bacterial membranes and inhibits the respiratory chain. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:211-218. [PMID: 29435411 PMCID: PMC5794468 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolism produces a variety of tannins that have a wide range of biological activities, including activation of plant defenses and antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory and antitumoral effects. The ellagitannin HeT (1‐O‐galloyl‐2,3;4,6‐bis‐hexahydroxydiphenoyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranose) from strawberry leaves elicits a strong plant defense response, and exhibits antimicrobial activity associated to the inhibition of the oxygen consumption, but its mechanism of action is unknown. In this paper we investigate the influence of HeT on bacterial cell membrane integrity and its effect on respiration. A β‐galactosidase unmasking experiment showed that HeT does not disrupt membrane integrity. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that HeT strongly interacts with the cell membrane. Spectrochemical analysis indicated that HeT is oxidized in contact with bacterial cell membranes, and functional studies showed that HeT inhibits oxygen consumption, NADH and MTT reduction. These results provide evidence that HeT inhibits the respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G Martos
- INSIBIO (CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica San Miguel de Tucuman Argentina
| | - Alicia Mamani
- INSIBIO (CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica San Miguel de Tucuman Argentina
| | - María P Filippone
- Sección Biotecnología de la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) Tucumán Argentina
| | - Pedro O Abate
- INQUINOA (UNT-CONICET) Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Néstor E Katz
- INQUINOA (UNT-CONICET) Facultad de Bioquímica Química y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Atilio P Castagnaro
- Sección Biotecnología de la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) Tucumán Argentina
| | - Juan C Díaz Ricci
- INSIBIO (CONICET-UNT) and Instituto de Química Biológica San Miguel de Tucuman Argentina
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Khamis I, Heikkila JJ. Effect of isothiocyanates, BITC and PEITC, on stress protein accumulation, protein aggregation and aggresome-like structure formation in Xenopus A6 kidney epithelial cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 204:1-13. [PMID: 29100952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have elucidated the health benefits of organosulfur compounds, known as isothiocyanates (ITCs), derived from cruciferous vegetables. As electrophiles, ITCs have the ability to directly bind and modify thiol-containing compounds such as glutathione and cellular protein, including tubulin. While the biochemical effects of ITCs have been well characterized, less information is available regarding their effects on the accumulation of stress-inducible heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the possible formation of aggregated protein due to thiol modification. The present study has examined the effect of the ITCs, benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), on the accumulation of HO-1, HSP70 and HSP30 in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. Immunoblot analysis revealed that both BITC and PEITC induced the accumulation of HO-1 and HSP70 whereas HSP30 levels were enhanced only in cells treated with BITC. Immunocytochemistry determined that ITC treatment induced F-actin disorganization and membrane ruffling and enhanced accumulation of HO-1 in the cytoplasm. Additionally, BITC induced enhanced levels of ubiquitinated protein, aggregated protein, and the collapse and fragmentation of microtubules. In comparison, treatment of cells with the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, induced the accumulation of all three stress proteins, aggregated protein and aggresome-like structures. Finally, cells pretreated with BITC inhibited the formation of MG132-induced aggresome-like structures in the perinuclear region. This latter finding suggests that BITC-induced microtubule fragmentation may impede the movement of aggregated protein via microtubules and their subsequent coalescence into aggresome-like structures in the perinuclear region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khamis
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John J Heikkila
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Dekić MS, Radulović NS, Stojanović NM, Randjelović PJ, Stojanović-Radić ZZ, Najman S, Stojanović S. Spasmolytic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of 5-phenylpentyl isothiocyanate, a new glucosinolate autolysis product from horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb., Brassicaceae). Food Chem 2017; 232:329-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sweeney T, Meredith H, Ryan M, Gath V, Thornton K, O'Doherty J. Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation on Campylobacter jejuni colonisation, performance and gut health following an experimental challenge in 10day old chicks. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Bertóti R, Vasas G, Gonda S, Nguyen NM, Szőke É, Jakab Á, Pócsi I, Emri T. Glutathione protects Candida albicans against horseradish volatile oil. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1071-1079. [PMID: 27272511 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Horseradish essential oil (HREO; a natural mixture of different isothiocyanates) had strong fungicide effect against Candida albicans both in volatile and liquid phase. In liquid phase this antifungal effect was more significant than those of its main components allyl, and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate. HREO, at sublethal concentration, induced oxidative stress which was characterized with elevated superoxide content and up-regulated specific glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Induction of specific glutathione S-transferase activities as marker of glutathione (GSH) dependent detoxification was also observed. At higher concentration, HREO depleted the GSH pool, increased heavily the superoxide production and killed the cells rapidly. HREO and the GSH pool depleting agent, 1-chlore-2,4-dinitrobenzene showed strong synergism when they were applied together to kill C. albicans cells. Based on all these, we assume that GSH metabolism protects fungi against isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bertóti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Jakab
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Antimicrobial Activity and Chromatographic Analysis of Extracts from Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. Tubers. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050566. [PMID: 27136515 PMCID: PMC6273219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. tubers (Tropaeolaceae) are known and used as a condiment and for the treatment of skin infections in Southern Brazil. However, its activity and composition has not yet been investigated. Thus, different extracts and the essential oil from the tubers were tested against a range of microorganisms. The most active extracts were submitted to chromatographic analysis. METHODS Hydroalcoholic extract (70%), fractions of it, and the essential oil from the tubers were tested against several bacteria, yeasts and molds, furnishing the corresponding inhibitory, bactericidal and fungicidal minimal concentration values. The most active extracts were submitted to GC-MS investigation. RESULTS The strongest effects against different strains of microorganisms, such as Gram-positive and negative bacteria, Candida spp. and dermatophytes were observed for the essential oil and the chloroform fraction, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) well below 200 µg/mL. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major essential oil constituent is benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), while the chloroform fraction is constituted of BITC, amides, sulfur, fatty acids and its esters, all compounds that may be related to the demonstrated activity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results support the popular use of the plant for the treatment of skin infections, and revealed the main active compounds.
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Isothiocyanates as effective agents against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: insight to the mode of action. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22263. [PMID: 26922906 PMCID: PMC4770323 DOI: 10.1038/srep22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of Shiga toxins by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) which is responsible for the pathogenicity of these strains, is strictly correlated with induction of lambdoid bacteriophages present in the host's genome, replication of phage DNA and expression of stx genes. Antibiotic treatment of EHEC infection may lead to induction of prophage into a lytic development, thus increasing the risk of severe complications. This, together with the spread of multi-drug resistance, increases the need for novel antimicrobial agents. We report here that isothiocyanates (ITC), plant secondary metabolites, such as sulforaphane (SFN), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), benzyl isothiocynanate (BITC), phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) and isopropyl isothiocyanate (IPRITC), inhibit bacterial growth and lytic development of stx-harboring prophages. The mechanism underlying the antimicrobial effect of ITCs involves the induction of global bacterial stress regulatory system, the stringent response. Its alarmone, guanosine penta/tetraphosphate ((p)ppGpp) affects major cellular processes, including nucleic acids synthesis, which leads to the efficient inhibition of both, prophage induction and toxin synthesis, abolishing in this way EHEC virulence for human and simian cells. Thus, ITCs could be considered as potential therapeutic agents in EHEC infections.
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Rajan TS, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Anticancer activity of glucomoringin isothiocyanate in human malignant astrocytoma cells. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:1-7. [PMID: 26882972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) released from their glucosinolate precursors have been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and they have received significant attention as potential chemotherapeutic agents against cancer. Astrocytoma grade IV is the most frequent and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults without any curative treatment. New therapeutic drugs are therefore urgently required. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antitumor activity of the glycosylated isothiocyanate moringin [4-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate] produced from quantitative myrosinase-induced hydrolysis of glucomoringin (GMG) under neutral pH value. We have evaluated the potency of moringin on apoptosis induction and cell death in human astrocytoma grade IV CCF-STTG1 cells. Moringin showed to be effective in inducing apoptosis through p53 and Bax activation and Bcl-2 inhibition. In addition, oxidative stress related Nrf2 transcription factor and its upstream regulator CK2 alpha expressions were modulated at higher doses, which indicated the involvement of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis induced by moringin. Moreover, significant reduction in 5S rRNA was noticed with moringin treatment. Our in vitro results demonstrated the antitumor efficacy of moringin derived from myrosinase-hydrolysis of GMG in human malignant astrocytoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CREA-CIN), Via Di Corticella 133, Bologna 40128, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CREA-CIN), Via Di Corticella 133, Bologna 40128, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Platz S, Kühn C, Schiess S, Schreiner M, Kemper M, Pivovarova O, Pfeiffer AFH, Rohn S. Bioavailability and metabolism of benzyl glucosinolate in humans consuming Indian cress (Tropaeolum majus L.). Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:652-60. [PMID: 26610401 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), which occurs in Brassicales, has demonstrated chemopreventive potency and cancer treatment properties in cell and animal studies. However, fate of BITC in human body is not comprehensively studied. Therefore, the present human intervention study investigates the metabolism of the glucosinolate (GSL) glucotropaeolin and its corresponding BITC metabolites. Analyzing BITC metabolites in plasma and urine should reveal insights about resorption, metabolism, and excretion. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen healthy men were randomly recruited for a cross-over study and consumed 10 g freeze-dried Indian cress as a liquid preparation containing 1000 μmol glucotropaeolin. Blood and urine samples were taken at several time points and investigated by LC-ESI-MS/MS after sample preparation using SPE. Plasma contained high levels of BITC-glutathione (BITC-GSH), BITC-cysteinylglycine (BITC-CysGly), and BITC-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (BITC-NAC) 1-5 h after ingestion, with BITC-CysGly appearing as the main metabolite. Compared to human plasma, the main urinary metabolites were BITC-NAC and BITC-Cys, determined 4-6 h after ingestion. CONCLUSION This study confirms that consumption of Indian cress increases the concentration of BITC metabolites in human plasma and urine. The outcome of this human intervention study supports clinical research dealing with GSL-containing innovative food products or pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Platz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Kühn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Schiess
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Kovač J, Šimunović K, Wu Z, Klančnik A, Bucar F, Zhang Q, Možina SS. Antibiotic resistance modulation and modes of action of (-)-α-pinene in Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122871. [PMID: 25830640 PMCID: PMC4382180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the mode of action of (-)-α-pinene in terms of its modulation of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni. Broth microdilution and ethidium bromide accumulation assays were used to evaluate the (-)-α-pinene antimicrobial activity, modulation of antimicrobial resistance, and inhibition of antimicrobial efflux. The target antimicrobial efflux systems were identified using an insertion mutagenesis approach, and C. jejuni adaptation to (-)-α-pinene was evaluated using DNA microarrays. Knock-out mutants of the key up-regulated transcriptional regulators hspR and hrcA were constructed to investigate their roles in C. jejuni adaptation to several stress factors, including osmolytes, and pH, using Biolog phenotypical microarrays. Our data demonstrate that (-)-α-pinene efficiently modulates antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni by decreasing the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and triclosan by up to 512-fold. Furthermore, (-)-α-pinene promotes increased expression of cmeABC and another putative antimicrobial efflux gene, Cj1687. The ethidium bromide accumulation was greater in the wild-type strain than in the antimicrobial efflux mutant strains, which indicates that these antimicrobial efflux systems are a target of action of (-)-α-pinene. Additionally, (-)-α-pinene decreases membrane integrity, which suggests that enhanced microbial influx is a secondary mode of action of (-)-α-pinene. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that (-)-α-pinene disrupts multiple metabolic pathways, and particularly those involved in heat-shock responses. Thus, (-)-α-pinene has significant activity in the modulation of antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni, which appears to be mediated by multiple mechanisms that include inhibition of microbial efflux, decreased membrane integrity, and metabolic disruption. These data warrant further studies on (-)-α-pinene to develop its use in the control of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Kovač
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Šimunović
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, United States of America
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, United States of America
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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The Effects of Conventional and Non-conventional Processing on Glucosinolates and Its Derived Forms, Isothiocyanates: Extraction, Degradation, and Applications. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-014-9104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Dufour V, Stahl M, Baysse C. The antibacterial properties of isothiocyanates. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 161:229-243. [PMID: 25378563 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.082362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are natural plant products generated by the enzymic hydrolysis of glucosinolates found in Brassicaceae vegetables. These natural sulfur compounds and their dithiocarbamate conjugates have been previously evaluated for their anti-cancerous properties. Their antimicrobial properties have been previously studied as well, mainly for food preservation and plant pathogen control. Recently, several revelations concerning the mode of action of ITCs in prokaryotes have emerged. This review addresses these new studies and proposes a model to summarize the current knowledge and hypotheses for the antibacterial effect of ITCs and whether they may provide the basis for the design of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dufour
- Equipe EA1254, Microbiologie Risques Infectieux, University of Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Martin Stahl
- Division of Gastroenterology, BC's Children's Hospital, Child and Family Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Baysse
- Equipe EA1254, Microbiologie Risques Infectieux, University of Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France
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