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Nasser-Ali M, Aja-Macaya P, Conde-Pérez K, Trigo-Tasende N, Rumbo-Feal S, Fernández-González A, Bou G, Poza M, Vallejo JA. Emergence of Carbapenemase Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from the Wastewater Treatment Plant in A Coruña, Spain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:194. [PMID: 38391580 PMCID: PMC10886265 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are recognized as important niches of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can be easily spread to the environment. In this study, we collected wastewater samples from the WWTP of A Coruña (NW Spain) from April 2020 to February 2022 to evaluate the presence of Gram-negative bacteria harboring carbapenemase genes. Bacteria isolated from wastewater were classified and their antimicrobial profiles were determined. In total, 252 Gram-negative bacteria carrying various carbapenemase genes were described. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on 55 selected carbapenemase producing isolates using Oxford Nanopore technology. This study revealed the presence of a significant population of bacteria carrying carbapenemase genes in WWTP, which constitutes a public health problem due to their risk of dissemination to the environment. This emphasizes the usefulness of WWTP monitoring for combating antibiotic resistance. Data revealed the presence of different types of sequences harboring carbapenemase genes, such as blaKPC-2, blaGES-5, blaGES-6, blaIMP-11, blaIMP-28, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-217, and blaVIM-2. Importantly, the presence of the blaKPC-2 gene in wastewater, several months before any clinical case was detected in University Hospital of A Coruña, suggests that wastewater-based epidemiology can be used as an early warning system for the surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasser-Ali
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Pablo Aja-Macaya
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Kelly Conde-Pérez
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Noelia Trigo-Tasende
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Soraya Rumbo-Feal
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-González
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Margarita Poza
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
- Microbiome and Health Group, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 A Coruna, Spain
| | - Juan A Vallejo
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC)-University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC)-Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA)-University of A Coruña (UDC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII). Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruna, Spain
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Werbel K, Jankowska D, Wasilewska A, Taranta-Janusz K. Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis of Children's Urinary Tract Infections in Accordance with Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pathogens. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225260. [PMID: 34830542 PMCID: PMC8619446 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to analyze urinary tract infections (UTI) in children by considering epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogens in accordance with inflammatory parameters. The research included 525 patients who demonstrated 627 episodes of UTI. The increasing resistance of bacteria was observed over the years covered by the study (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase of resistance to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (p = 0.001), gentamicin (p = 0.017) and ceftazidime (p = 0.0005). According to the CART method, we managed to estimate C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and white blood cell (WBC) values, in which antibiotic sensitivity was observed. In children with CRP > 97.91 mg/L, there was a high percentage of sensitive cases to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (87.5%). Values of WBC above 14.45 K/µL were associated with E. coli more sensitivity to ampicillin. 100% of children with CRP > 0.42 mg/L and PCT ≤ 6.92 ng/mL had confirmed sensitivity to cefuroxime. Concerning sensitivity to gentamicin, the most optimal cut-off point of WBC was >7.80 K/µL, while in the case of nitrofurantoin, it was CRP value > 0.11 mg/L (which was presented in 98.50% of children). These results may guide us with antibiotic therapy and help to inhibit increasing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Werbel
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland; (K.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Dorota Jankowska
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Wasilewska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland; (K.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland; (K.W.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-745-06-51; Fax: +48-85-742-18-38
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Bojar B, Sheridan J, Beattie R, Cahak C, Liedhegner E, Munoz-Price LS, Hristova KR, Skwor T. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from the clinic through the wastewater pathway. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 238:113863. [PMID: 34662851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains one of the leading global health threats. This study compared antimicrobial resistance patterns among E. coli isolates from clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to hospital wastewater populations and throughout an urban wastewater treatment facility - influent, pre- and post-chlorinated effluents. Antibiotic susceptibility of 201 isolates were analyzed against eleven different antibiotics, and the presence of twelve antibiotic resistant genes and type 1 integrase were identified. AMR exhibited the following pattern: UPEC (46.8%) > hospital wastewater (37.8%) > urban post-chlorinated effluent (27.6%) > pre-chlorinated effluent (21.4%) > urban influent wastewater (13.3%). However, multi-drug resistance against three or more antimicrobial classes was more prevalent among hospital wastewater populations (29.7%) compared to other sources. E. coli from wastewaters disinfected with chlorine were significantly correlated with increased trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in E. coli compared to raw and treated wastewater populations. blaCTX-M-1 group was the most common extended spectrum beta-lactamase in E. coli from hospital wastewater (90%), although UPEC strains also encoded blaCTX-M-1 group (50%) and blaTEM (100%) genes. Among tetracycline-resistant populations, tetA and tetB were the only resistance genes identified throughout wastewater populations that were associated with increased phenotypic resistance. Further characterization of the E. coli populations identified phylogroup B2 predominating among clinical UPEC populations and correlated with the highest AMR, whereas the elevated rate of multi-drug resistance among hospital wastewater was mostly phylogroup A. Together, our findings highlight hospital wastewater as a rich source of AMR and multi-drug resistant bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bojar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Jennifer Sheridan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Rachelle Beattie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Caitlin Cahak
- Wisconsin Diagnostic Laboratories, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elizabeth Liedhegner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | | | | | - Troy Skwor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
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Riley LW. Distinguishing Pathovars from Nonpathovars: Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2020; 8:10.1128/microbiolspec.ame-0014-2020. [PMID: 33385193 PMCID: PMC10773148 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ame-0014-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most well-adapted and pathogenically versatile bacterial organisms. It causes a variety of human infections, including gastrointestinal illnesses and extraintestinal infections. It is also part of the intestinal commensal flora of humans and other mammals. Groups of E. coli that cause diarrhea are often described as intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC), while those that cause infections outside of the gut are called extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). IPEC can cause a variety of diarrheal illnesses as well as extraintestinal syndromes such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. ExPEC cause urinary tract infections, bloodstream infection, sepsis, and neonatal meningitis. IPEC and ExPEC have thus come to be referred to as pathogenic variants of E. coli or pathovars. While IPEC can be distinguished from commensal E. coli based on their characteristic virulence factors responsible for their associated clinical manifestations, ExPEC cannot be so easily distinguished. IPEC most likely have reservoirs outside of the human intestine but it is unclear if ExPEC represent nothing more than commensal E. coli that breach a sterile barrier to cause extraintestinal infections. This question has become more complicated by the advent of whole genome sequencing (WGS) that has raised a new question about the taxonomic characterization of E. coli based on traditional clinical microbiologic and phylogenetic methods. This review discusses how molecular epidemiologic approaches have been used to address these questions, and how answers to these questions may contribute to our better understanding of the epidemiology of infections caused by E. coli. *This article is part of a curated collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee W Riley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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5
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Antibiotic Resistance in Recreational Waters: State of the Science. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218034. [PMID: 33142796 PMCID: PMC7663426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ambient recreational waters can act as both recipients and natural reservoirs for antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs), where they may persist and replicate. Contact with AMR bacteria and ARGs potentially puts recreators at risk, which can thus decrease their ability to fight infections. A variety of point and nonpoint sources, including contaminated wastewater effluents, runoff from animal feeding operations, and sewer overflow events, can contribute to environmental loading of AMR bacteria and ARGs. The overall goal of this article is to provide the state of the science related to recreational exposure and AMR, which has been an area of increasing interest. Specific objectives of the review include (1) a description of potential sources of antibiotics, AMR bacteria, and ARGs in recreational waters, as documented in the available literature; (2) a discussion of what is known about human recreational exposures to AMR bacteria and ARGs, using findings from health studies and exposure assessments; and (3) identification of knowledge gaps and future research needs. To better understand the dynamics related to AMR and associated recreational water risks, future research should focus on source contribution, fate and transport-across treatment and in the environment; human health risk assessment; and standardized methods.
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Zhi S, Stothard P, Banting G, Scott C, Huntley K, Ryu K, Otto S, Ashbolt N, Checkley S, Dong T, Ruecker NJ, Neumann NF. Characterization of water treatment-resistant and multidrug-resistant urinary pathogenic Escherichia coli in treated wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115827. [PMID: 32580076 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), such as the urinary pathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are common constituents of treated wastewater, and therefore represent a potential public health risk. However, no single virulence gene, or set of virulence genes, can be used to conclusively identify this genetically diverse pathotype. As such we sought to identify and characterize the public health relevance of potential UPEC found in treated sewage/wastewater using a comparative genomics approach. Presumptive wastewater UPEC (W-UPEC) were initially identified by virulence gene screening against 5 virulence genes, and for which isolates containing ≥3 virulence genes were whole genome sequenced (n = 24). Single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) spanning tree analysis demonstrated that many of these wastewater UPEC (WUPEC) were virtually identical at the core genome (0.4 Mbp) when compared to clinical UPEC (C-UPEC) sequences obtained from NCBI, varying by as little as 1 SNP. Remarkably, at the whole genome level, W-UPEC isolates displayed >96% whole genome similarity to C-UPEC counterparts in NCBI, with one strain demonstrating 99.5% genome similarity to a particular C-UPEC strain. The W-UPEC populations were represented by sequence types (ST) known to be clinically important, including ST131, ST95, ST127 and ST640. Many of the W-UPEC carried the exact same complement of virulence genes as their most closely related C-UPEC strains. For example, O25b-ST131 W-UPEC strains possessed the same 80 virulence genes as their most closely related C-UPEC counterparts. Concerningly, W-UPEC strains also carried a plethora of antibiotic resistance genes, and O25b-ST131strains were designated as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli by both genome profiling and phenotypic resistance testing. W-UPEC ST131 strains were found in the effluents of a single treatment plant at different times, as well as different wastewater treatment plants, suggesting a differentially ability to survive wastewater treatment. Indeed, in sewage samples treated with chlorine doses sufficient for inducing a ∼99.99% reduction in total E. coli levels, UPEC represented a significant proportion of the chlorine-resistant population. By contrast, no Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were observed in these chlorinated sewage libraries. Our results suggest that clinically-relevant UPEC exist in treated wastewater effluents and that they appear to be specifically adapted to survive wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhi
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Paul Stothard
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graham Banting
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Candis Scott
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristin Huntley
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kanghee Ryu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon Otto
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas Ashbolt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sylvia Checkley
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tao Dong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Norma J Ruecker
- City of Calgary, Water Quality Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Norman F Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Safatov A, Andreeva I, Buryak G, Ohlopkova O, Olkin S, Puchkova L, Reznikova I, Solovyanova N, Belan B, Panchenko M, Simonenkov D. How Has the Hazard to Humans of Microorganisms Found in Atmospheric Aerosol in the South of Western Siberia Changed over 10 Years? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051651. [PMID: 32138383 PMCID: PMC7084375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important components of atmospheric aerosols are microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the hazard to humans, both from individual microorganisms which are present in atmospheric bioaerosols as well as from their pool. An approach for determining the hazard of bacteria and yeasts found in atmospheric bioaerosols for humans has previously been proposed. The purpose of this paper is to compare our results for 2006-2008 with the results of studies obtained in 2012-2016 to identify changes in the characteristics of bioaerosols occurring over a decade in the south of Western Siberia. Experimental data on the growth, morphological and biochemical properties of bacteria and yeasts were determined for each isolate found in bioaerosol samples. The integral indices of the hazards of bacteria and yeast for humans were constructed for each isolate based on experimentally determined isolate characteristics according to the approach developed by authors in 2008. Data analysis of two datasets showed that hazard to humans of culturable microorganisms in the atmospheric aerosol in the south of Western Siberia has not changed significantly for 10 years (trends are undistinguishable from zero with a confidence level of more than 95%) despite a noticeable decrease in the average annual number of culturable microorganisms per cubic meter (6-10 times for 10 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Safatov
- Department of Biophysics and Ecological Researches, FBRI SRC VB “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk rgn., Russia; (I.A.); (G.B.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (L.P.); (I.R.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-913-927-2690
| | - Irina Andreeva
- Department of Biophysics and Ecological Researches, FBRI SRC VB “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk rgn., Russia; (I.A.); (G.B.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (L.P.); (I.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Galina Buryak
- Department of Biophysics and Ecological Researches, FBRI SRC VB “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk rgn., Russia; (I.A.); (G.B.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (L.P.); (I.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Olesia Ohlopkova
- Department of Biophysics and Ecological Researches, FBRI SRC VB “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk rgn., Russia; (I.A.); (G.B.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (L.P.); (I.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Sergei Olkin
- Department of Biophysics and Ecological Researches, FBRI SRC VB “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk rgn., Russia; (I.A.); (G.B.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (L.P.); (I.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Larisa Puchkova
- Department of Biophysics and Ecological Researches, FBRI SRC VB “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk rgn., Russia; (I.A.); (G.B.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (L.P.); (I.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Irina Reznikova
- Department of Biophysics and Ecological Researches, FBRI SRC VB “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk rgn., Russia; (I.A.); (G.B.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (L.P.); (I.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Nadezda Solovyanova
- Department of Biophysics and Ecological Researches, FBRI SRC VB “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk rgn., Russia; (I.A.); (G.B.); (O.O.); (S.O.); (L.P.); (I.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Boris Belan
- Laboratory of Atmosphere Composition Climatology, V.E. Zuev Institute Of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (B.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Mikhail Panchenko
- Laboratory of Atmosphere Composition Climatology, V.E. Zuev Institute Of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (B.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Denis Simonenkov
- Laboratory of Atmosphere Composition Climatology, V.E. Zuev Institute Of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (B.B.); (M.P.); (D.S.)
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The Locus of Heat Resistance Confers Resistance to Chlorine and Other Oxidizing Chemicals in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02123-19. [PMID: 31811037 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02123-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some chlorine-resistant Escherichia coli isolates harbor the locus of heat resistance (LHR), a genomic island conferring heat resistance. In this study, the protective effect of the LHR for cells challenged by chlorine and oxidative stress was quantified. Cloning of the LHR protected against NaClO (32 mM; 5 min), H2O2 (120 mM; 5 min), and peroxyacetic acid (105 mg/liter; 5 min) but not against 5.8 mM KIO4, 10 mM acrolein, or 75 mg/liter allyl isothiocyanate. The lethality of oxidizing treatments for LHR-negative strains of E. coli was about 2 log10 CFU/ml higher than that for LHR-positive strains of E. coli The oxidation of cytoplasmic proteins and membrane lipids was quantified with the fusion probe roGFP2-Orp1 and the fluorescent probe BODIPY581/591, respectively. The fragment of the LHR coding for heat shock proteins protected cytoplasmic proteins but not membrane lipids against oxidation. The middle fragment of the LHR protected against the oxidation of membrane lipids but not of cytoplasmic proteins. The addition of H2O2, NaClO, and peroxyacetic acid also induced green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in the oxidation-sensitive reporter strain E. coli O104:H4 Δstx 2::gfp::amp Cloning of pLHR reduced phage induction in E. coli O104:H4 Δstx 2::gfp::amp after treatment with oxidizing chemicals. Screening of 160 strains of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) revealed that none of them harbors the LHR, additionally suggesting that the LHR and Stx prophages are mutually exclusive. Taking our findings together, the contribution of the LHR to resistance to chlorine and oxidative stress is based on the protection of multiple cellular targets by different proteins encoded by the genetic island.IMPORTANCE Chlorine treatments are used in water and wastewater sanitation; the resistance of Escherichia coli to chlorine is thus of concern to public health. We show that a genetic island termed the locus of heat resistance (LHR) protects E. coli not only against heat but also against chlorine and other oxidizing chemicals, adding to our knowledge of the tools used by E. coli to resist stress. Specific detection of the oxidation of different cellular targets in combination with the cloning of fragments of the LHR provided insight into mechanisms of protection and demonstrated that different fragments of the LHR protect different cellular targets. In E. coli, the presence of the LHR virtually always excluded other virulence factors. It is tempting to speculate that the LHR is maintained by strains of E. coli with an environmental lifestyle but is excluded by pathogenic strains that adapted to interact with vertebrate hosts.
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Gomez-Alvarez V, Hoelle J. Draft Genome Sequences of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from U.S. Wastewater Treatment Plants. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e00351-19. [PMID: 31171619 PMCID: PMC6554606 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00351-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is a major public health concern. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three Escherichia coli isolates from primary effluent collected from geographically dispersed U.S. wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Genomic analysis confirms the presence of genes encoding resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Gomez-Alvarez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jill Hoelle
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Zhi S, Banting G, Stothard P, Ashbolt NJ, Checkley S, Meyer K, Otto S, Neumann NF. Evidence for the evolution, clonal expansion and global dissemination of water treatment-resistant naturalized strains of Escherichia coli in wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:208-222. [PMID: 30921537 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the existence of naturalized strains of E. coli in wastewater and herein perform an in-depth comparative whole genome analysis of these strains (n = 17). Fourteen of the Canadian E. coli strains, isolated from geographically separated wastewater treatment plants, were virtually identical at the core genome and were ≥96% similar at the whole genome level, suggesting clonal-relatedness among these isolates. Remarkably, these strains were shown to be extremely similar to the genome of an E. coli isolated from wastewater in Switzerland, suggesting a global distribution of these strains. The genomes of three other Canadian wastewater strains were more diverse but very similar to the genomes of E. coli isolates collected from U.S. wastewater samples. Based on maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, wastewater strains from Canada, the U.S. and Switzerland formed a clade separate from other known enteric phylogroups (i.e., A, B1, B2, D, E) and the cryptic clades. All Canadian, Swiss and U.S. wastewater strains possessed a common SNP biomarker pattern across their genomes, and a sub-population (i.e., 14 Canadian and 1 Swiss strain) also possessed a previously identified wastewater-specific marker known as uspC-IS30-flhDC element. Biochemical heat mapping of 518 categories of genes recapitulated phylogeny, with wastewater strains phenotypically clustering separately from enteric and cryptic clades. Wastewater strains were enriched for stress-response genes (i.e., nutrient acquisition/deprivation, DNA repair, oxidative stress, and UV resistance) - elements reflective of their environmental survival challenges. Wastewater strains were shown to carry a plethora of known antibiotic resistance (AR) genes, the patterns of which were remarkably similar among all Canadian, U.S. and Swiss wastewater strains. Virulence gene composition was also similar among all the wastewater strains, with an abundant representation of virulence genes commonly associated with urinary pathogenic E. coli (UPEC) as well as enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli. The remarkable degree of similarity between all wastewater strains from Canada, Switzerland and the U.S. suggests the evolution and global-dissemination of water treatment-resistant clone of E. coli. These finding, along with others, raise some important concerns about the potential for emergence of E. coli pathotypes resistant to water-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhi
- School of Public Health, Room 3-57, South Academic Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Graham Banting
- School of Public Health, Room 3-57, South Academic Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Paul Stothard
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 1400 College Plaza, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Ashbolt
- School of Public Health, Room 3-57, South Academic Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Sylvia Checkley
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelsey Meyer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon Otto
- School of Public Health, Room 3-57, South Academic Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Norman F Neumann
- School of Public Health, Room 3-57, South Academic Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G7, Canada.
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Hoelle J, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Kinkle B, Boczek L, Ryu H, Hayes S. Survey of US wastewater for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2019; 17:219-226. [PMID: 30942772 PMCID: PMC6669892 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A survey for antibiotic-resistant (AR) Escherichia coli in wastewater was undertaken by collecting samples from primary clarifiers and secondary effluents from seven geographically dispersed US wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Samples were collected at each WWTP in cool and summer months and cultured using selective media. The resulting isolates were characterized for resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime, presence of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, and phylogroups and sequence types (STs). In total, 322 AR E. coli isolates were identified, of which 65 were imipenem-resistant. Of the 65 carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC) isolates, 62% were positive for more than one and 31% were positive for two or more of carbapenemase and ESBL genes targeted. The most commonly detected carbapenemase gene was blaVIM (n = 36), followed by blaKPC (n = 2). A widespread dispersal of carbapenem-resistant STs and other clinically significant AR STs observed in the present study suggested the plausible release of these strains into the environment. The occurrence of CREC in wastewater is a potential concern because this matrix may serve as a reservoir for gene exchange and thereby increase the risk of AR bacteria (including CR) being disseminated into the environment and thence back to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Hoelle
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail: ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - James R Johnson
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Brian D Johnston
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Brian Kinkle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Laura Boczek
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
| | - Hodon Ryu
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
| | - Sam Hayes
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA E-mail:
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Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater Revealed by Genomic Analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02501-17. [PMID: 29483120 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02501-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater is considered a major source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria released into the environment. Here, we characterized carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in wastewater by whole-genome analysis. Wastewater samples (n = 40) were collected from municipal wastewater treatment plants and hospital wastewater in Japan and Taiwan. Samples were screened for CPE using selective media, and the obtained isolates were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq. The isolates (n = 45) included the following microorganisms: Klebsiella quasipneumoniae (n = 12), Escherichia coli (n = 10), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n = 10), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 8), Klebsiella variicola (n = 2), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 1), Citrobacter freundii (n = 1), and Citrobacter amalonaticus (n = 1). Among the 45 isolates, 38 harbored at least one carbapenemase-encoding gene. Of these, the blaGES (blaGES-5, blaGES-6, and blaGES-24) genes were found in 29 isolates. The genes were situated in novel class 1 integrons, but the integron structures were different between the Japanese (In1439 with blaGES-24 and In1440 with blaGES-5) and Taiwanese (In1441 with blaGES-5 and In1442 with blaGES-6) isolates. Other carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaVIM-1, blaNDM-5, blaIMP-8, blaIMP-19, and blaKPC-2) were found in one to three isolates. Notably, class 1 integrons previously reported among clinical isolates obtained in the same regions as the present study, namely, In477 with blaIMP-19 and In73 with blaIMP-8, were found among the Japanese and Taiwanese isolates, respectively. The results indicate that CPE with various carbapenemase-encoding genes in different genetic contexts were present in biologically treated wastewater, highlighting the need to monitor for antibiotic resistance in wastewater.
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Karkman A, Do TT, Walsh F, Virta MPJ. Antibiotic-Resistance Genes in Waste Water. Trends Microbiol 2017; 26:220-228. [PMID: 29033338 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Waste water and waste water treatment plants can act as reservoirs and environmental suppliers of antibiotic resistance. They have also been proposed to be hotspots for horizontal gene transfer, enabling the spread of antibiotic resistance genes between different bacterial species. Waste water contains antibiotics, disinfectants, and metals which can form a selection pressure for antibiotic resistance, even in low concentrations. Our knowledge of antibiotic resistance in waste water has increased tremendously in the past few years with advances in the molecular methods available. However, there are still some gaps in our knowledge on the subject, such as how active is horizontal gene transfer in waste water and what is the role of the waste water treatment plant in the environmental resistome? The purpose of this review is to briefly describe some of the main methods for studying antibiotic resistance in waste waters and the latest research and main knowledge gaps on the issue. In addition, some future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Karkman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thi Thuy Do
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Fiona Walsh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Marko P J Virta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Jałowiecki Ł, Chojniak J, Dorgeloh E, Hegedusova B, Ejhed H, Magnér J, Płaza G. Using phenotype microarrays in the assessment of the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from wastewater in on-site treatment facilities. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 62:453-461. [PMID: 28451946 PMCID: PMC5630657 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The scope of the study was to apply Phenotype Biolog MicroArray (PM) technology to test the antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial strains isolated from on-site wastewater treatment facilities. In the first step of the study, the percentage values of resistant bacteria from total heterotrophic bacteria growing on solid media supplemented with various antibiotics were determined. In the untreated wastewater, the average shares of kanamycin-, streptomycin-, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria were 53, 56, and 42%, respectively. Meanwhile, the shares of kanamycin-, streptomycin-, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria in the treated wastewater were 39, 33, and 29%, respectively. To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria present in the wastewater, using the phenotype microarrays (PMs), the most common isolates from the treated wastewater were chosen: Serratia marcescens ss marcescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Microbacterium flavescens, Alcaligenes faecalis ss faecalis, Flavobacterium hydatis, Variovorax paradoxus, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Aeromonas bestiarum. The strains were classified as multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Most of them were resistant to more than 30 antibiotics from various chemical classes. Phenotype microarrays could be successfully used as an additional tool for evaluation of the multi-antibiotic resistance of environmental bacteria and in preliminary determination of the range of inhibition concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jałowiecki
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Chojniak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elmar Dorgeloh
- Development and Assessment Institute in Waste Water Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Berta Hegedusova
- Development and Assessment Institute in Waste Water Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helene Ejhed
- Natural Resources and Environmental Effects, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Magnér
- Natural Resources and Environmental Effects, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grażyna Płaza
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice, Poland.
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Petit F, Clermont O, Delannoy S, Servais P, Gourmelon M, Fach P, Oberlé K, Fournier M, Denamur E, Berthe T. Change in the Structure of Escherichia coli Population and the Pattern of Virulence Genes along a Rural Aquatic Continuum. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:609. [PMID: 28458656 PMCID: PMC5394106 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of the Escherichia coli population, focusing on the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli, in surface water draining a rural catchment. Two sampling campaigns were carried out in similar hydrological conditions (wet period, low flow) along a river continuum, characterized by two opposite density gradients of animals (cattle and wild animals) and human populations. While the abundance of E. coli slightly increased along the river continuum, the abundance of both human and ruminant-associated Bacteroidales markers, as well as the number of E. coli multi-resistant to antibiotics, evidenced a fecal contamination originating from animals at upstream rural sites, and from humans at downstream urban sites. A strong spatial modification of the structure of the E. coli population was observed. At the upstream site close to a forest, a higher abundance of the B2 phylogroup and Escherichia clade strains were observed. At the pasture upstream site, a greater proportion of both E and B1 phylogroups was detected, therefore suggesting a fecal contamination of mainly bovine origin. Conversely, in downstream urban sites, A, D, and F phylogroups were more abundant. To assess the occurrence of intestinal pathogenic strains, virulence factors [afaD, stx1, stx2, eltB (LT), estA (ST), ipaH, bfpA, eae, aaiC and aatA] were screened among 651 E. coli isolates. Intestinal pathogenic strains STEC O174:H21 (stx2) and EHEC O26:H11 (eae, stx1) were isolated in water and sediments close to the pasture site. In contrast, in the downstream urban site aEPEC/EAEC and DAEC of human origin, as well as extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli belonging to clonal group A of D phylogroup, were sampled. Even if the estimated input of STEC (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli) - released in water at the upstream pasture site - at the downstream site was low, we show that STEC could persist in sediment. These results show that, the run-off of small cattle farms contributed, as much as the wastewater effluent, in the dissemination of pathogenic E. coli in both water and sediments, even if the microbiological quality of the water was good or to average quality according to the French water index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Petit
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 METISParis, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Food Safety Laboratory, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Pierre Servais
- Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la PlaineBruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michèle Gourmelon
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, RBE-SG2M-LSEMPlouzané, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Food Safety Laboratory, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Kenny Oberlé
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France
| | | | - Erick Denamur
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Thierry Berthe
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France
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16
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Hassouna MEM, ElBably MA, Mohammed AN, Nasser MAG. Assessment of carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles loaded clays as adsorbents for removal of bacterial contaminants from water sources. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2017; 15:133-144. [PMID: 28151446 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of kaolin clay and its loaded forms with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against bacterial isolates from different water supplies (tap, underground and surface water) in addition to wastewater. A total of 160 water samples were collected from different water sources in the investigated districts. Samples were cultured for isolation and serological identification of pathogenic bacteria. AgNPs were synthesized by a typical one-step synthesis protocol, where CNTs were carried out in a reactor employing the double bias-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition method. Both were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, infrared and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial efficacy of each of natural kaolin clay, AgNPs- and CNTs-loaded clays were evaluated by their application in four concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm) at different contact times (5 min, 15 min, 30 min and 2 h). AgNPs-loaded clays at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/l for 2 h contact time exhibited a higher bactericidal efficacy on Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (70, 70, 80 and 90%, respectively) compared to CNTs-loaded clay. Concluding, the application of AgNPs-loaded clay for removal of water bacterial contaminants at a concentration of 0.1 ppm for 2 h contact times resulted in highly effective removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E M Hassouna
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - M A ElBably
- Department of Hygiene, Management and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt E-mail: ;
| | - Asmaa N Mohammed
- Department of Hygiene, Management and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt E-mail: ;
| | - M A G Nasser
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Manjarrez-Hernandez A, Molina-López J, Gavilanes-Parra S, Hernandez-Castro R. Escherichia coli clonal group A among uropathogenic infections in Mexico City. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1438-1444. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Manjarrez-Hernandez
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Gea González, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Molina-López
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Edificio de Investigación Hemato-Oncología 5to, Piso Hospital Infantil de México ‘Federico Gómez’, C.P. 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Gea González, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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Abstract
Several potential reservoirs for the Escherichia coli strains that cause most human extraintestinal infections (extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli; ExPEC) have been identified, including the human intestinal tract and various non-human reservoirs, such as companion animals, food animals, retail meat products, sewage, and other environmental sources. Understanding ExPEC reservoirs, chains of transmission, transmission dynamics, and epidemiologic associations will assist greatly in finding ways to reduce the ExPEC-associated disease burden. The need to clarify the ecological behavior of ExPEC is all the more urgent because environmental reservoirs may contribute to acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants and selection for and amplification of resistant ExPEC. In this chapter, we review the evidence for different ExPEC reservoirs, with particular attention to food and food animals, and discuss the public health implications of these reservoirs for ExPEC dissemination and transmission.
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Arabi H, Pakzad I, Nasrollahi A, Hosainzadegan H, Azizi Jalilian F, Taherikalani M, Samadi N, Monadi Sefidan A. Sulfonamide Resistance Genes (sul) M in Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) and Non-ESBL Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Iranian Hospitals. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e19961. [PMID: 26421132 PMCID: PMC4584071 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.19961v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extensive use of cotrimoxazole has been associated with increasing level of Escherichia coli resistance. Objectives: In the current study, we focused on assessing the prevalence of E. coli resistance to cotrimoxazole and frequency of its associated genes. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and forty-four E. coli isolates were identified during March 2007 to April 2012 at Ilam hospitals and Milad (Tehran) hospital. Antibiotic susceptibility for screening of resistance isolates was done by the Kirby-Bauer method. The sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, int1, blaTEM, blaSHV and CTX-M genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Plasmid curing was done for identifying correlations between resistance genes and plasmids. Results: Amongst the 144 E. coli isolates, seventy-two (50%) Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing and seventy-two (50%) non-ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were identified; eighty-seven isolates (60.41%) were resistant to cotrimoxazole. Frequencies of sul1, sul2 and sul3, were 81% (116 isolates), 67% (96 isolates) and 2.29% (three isolates), respectively. Furthermore, 50.57% (72 isolates) had sul1 and sul2, 2.29% (3 isolates) contained sul2 and sul3, and 2.29% (three isolates) contained sul1, sul2 and sul3 genes, simultaneously. Thirty-four (39.1%) of the isolates had the dfrA1 gene. Five (5.7%) of the isolates had the dfrA5 gene. Sixty-eight (78.2%) strains contained the int1 gene. Furthermore, dfrA1 and dfrA5 were present in three (3.4%) of the isolates. The results showed that of the ESBL-producing isolates, 85.2% (n = 122), 53.2% (n = 76) and 26.1% (n = 37) were blaTEM, blaSHV and CTX-M harboring isolates, respectively. Conclusions: Our study indicated a high frequency of cotrimoxazole resistance gene in E. coli isolates from Ilam and Tehran (Milad) hospitals, and sul genes had a major role in cotrimoxazole resistance of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Arabi
- Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IR Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Iraj Pakzad, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran. E-mail:
| | - Ayat Nasrollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, IR Iran
| | - Hasan Hosainzadegan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, IR Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Morovvat Taherikalani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Naser Samadi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
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Impact of UV and peracetic acid disinfection on the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli in wastewater effluents. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 80:3656-66. [PMID: 24727265 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00418-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater discharges may increase the populations of pathogens, including Escherichia coli, and of antimicrobial-resistant strains in receiving waters. This study investigated the impact of UV and peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection on the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the most abundant E. coli pathotype in municipal wastewaters. Laboratory disinfection experiments were conducted on wastewater treated by physicochemical, activated sludge, or biofiltration processes; 1,766 E. coli isolates were obtained for the evaluation. The target disinfection level was 200 CFU/100 ml, resulting in UV and PAA doses of 7 to 30 mJ/cm(2) and 0.9 to 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. The proportions of UPECs were reduced in all samples after disinfection, with an average reduction by UV of 55% (range, 22% to 80%) and by PAA of 52% (range, 11% to 100%). Analysis of urovirulence genes revealed that the decline in the UPEC populations was not associated with any particular virulence factor. A positive association was found between the occurrence of urovirulence and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the changes in the prevalence of ARGs in potential UPECs were different following disinfection, i.e., UV appears to have had no effect, while PAA significantly reduced the ARG levels. Thus, this study showed that both UV and PAA disinfections reduced the proportion of UPECs and that PAA disinfection also reduced the proportion of antimicrobial resistance gene-carrying UPEC pathotypes in municipal wastewaters.
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21
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Antibiotic Resistance Elements in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Scope and Potential Impacts. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li D, He S, Deng Y, Ding G, Ni H, Cao Y. Development and validation of an HPLC method for determination of Amikacin in water samples by solid phase extraction and pre-column derivatization. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:47-52. [PMID: 24663966 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of amikacin in water samples with solid phase extraction and pre-column derivatization. Amikacin residue was extracted from water samples with solid phase extraction cartridge. Then the extraction solution was derivatized with 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride in the presence of triethylamine at 70°C in 20 min. The amikacin derivative was separated on a C18 column and detected by application of UV detection at 238 nm. The limit of detection is 0.2 μg/L with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 and linearity is established over the concentration range from 0 to 500.0 μg/L. Recoveries of the amikacin in three types of water samples are from 87.5 % to 99.6 % and RSDs are 2.1 %-4.5 %. This method can be used for the quantification of amikacin residues in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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OxyR contributes to the virulence of a Clonal Group A Escherichia coli strain (O17:K+:H18) in animal models of urinary tract infection, subcutaneous infection, and systemic sepsis. Microb Pathog 2013; 64:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Feriancikova L, Bardy SL, Wang L, Li J, Xu S. Effects of outer membrane protein TolC on the transport of Escherichia coli within saturated quartz sands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5720-8. [PMID: 23627691 PMCID: PMC3705718 DOI: 10.1021/es400292x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane protein (OMP) TolC is the cell surface component of several drug efflux pumps that are responsible for bacterial resistance against a variety of antibiotics. In this research, we investigated the effects of OMP TolC on E. coli transport within saturated sands through column experiments using a wild-type E. coli K12 strain (with OMP TolC), as well as the corresponding transposon mutant (tolC::kan) and the markerless deletion mutant (ΔtolC). Our results showed OMP TolC could significantly enhance the transport of E. coli when the ionic strength was 20 mM NaCl or higher. The deposition rate coefficients for the wild-type E. coli strain (with OMP TolC) was usually >50% lower than those of the tolC-negative mutants. The measurements of contact angles using three probe liquids suggested that TolC altered the surface tension components of E. coli cells and lead to lower Hamaker constants for the cell-water-sand system. The interaction energy calculations using the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory suggested that the deposition of the E. coli cell primarily occurred at the secondary energy minimum. The depth of the secondary energy minimum increased with ionic strength, and was greater for the TolC-deletion strains under high ionic strength conditions. Overall, the transport behavior of three E. coli strains within saturated sands could be explained by the XDLVO calculations. Results from this research suggested that antibiotic resistant bacteria expressing OMP TolC could spread more widely within sandy aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Feriancikova
- Department of Geosciences, 3209 N Maryland Ave, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Sonia L. Bardy
- Department of Biological Sciences, 3209 N Maryland Ave, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, 3209 N Maryland Ave, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, 3209 N Maryland Ave, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Shangping Xu
- Department of Geosciences, 3209 N Maryland Ave, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
- Corresponding author, , phone: 414-229-6148
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Shariff V A AR, Shenoy M S, Yadav T, M R. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, with special reference to the fluoroquinolones. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1027-30. [PMID: 23905095 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/4917.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The emergence of drug resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the penicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has limited the options for selecting the appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of urinary tract infections. AIMS The The E. coli isolates, which were obtained from the culture of urine samples,were studied for their antibiotic resistance patterns, with special reference to the antimicrobial activity of the fluoroquinolones and the production of the extended spectrum β-lactamases. (ESBL), Settings and Design: This was a hospital based, prospective study which was done for a period of eighteen months. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was done by using the standard culture techniques for urine samples, the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method for the antibiotic susceptibility testing and the disk diffusion method to confirm the ESBL production by the clinical isolates of E. coli in urine. The sensitivity pattern was correlated with the clinical condition and the presence of the risk factors. The statistical analysis which was used: The statistical analysis was done by using the proportions of sensitive, resistant and intermediates. Descriptive statistics like the total, mean and percentage were done by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15.0. RESULTS The hospital isolates showed high degrees of resistance to the penicillins, cephalosporins, nalidixic acid and the fluoroquinolones, with 59% of the isolates being ESBL producers. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of the multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli has been steadily increasing over the past few years. The knowledge on the resistance pattern of the bacterial strains in a geographical area will help in guiding the appropriate and the judicious use of antibiotics. Also, the formulation of an appropriate hospital antibiotic policy will go a long way in controlling these infections.
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Varela AR, Manaia CM. Human health implications of clinically relevant bacteria in wastewater habitats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3550-3569. [PMID: 23508533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to reflect on the multiple roles of bacteria in wastewater habitats with particular emphasis on their harmful potential for human health. Indigenous bacteria promote a series of biochemical and metabolic transformations indispensable to achieve wastewater treatment. Some of these bacteria may be pathogenic or harbour antibiotic resistance or virulence genes harmful for human health. Several chemical contaminants (heavy metals, disinfectants and antibiotics) may select these bacteria or their genes. Worldwide studies show that treated wastewater contain antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes encoding virulence or antimicrobial resistance, evidencing that treatment processes may fail to remove efficiently these bio-pollutants. The contamination of the surrounding environment, such as rivers or lakes receiving such effluents, is also documented in several studies. The current state of the art suggests that only some of antibiotic resistance and virulence potential in wastewater is known. Moreover, wastewater habitats may favour the evolution and dissemination of new resistance and virulence genes and the emergence of new pathogens. For these reasons, additional research is needed in order to obtain a more detailed assessment of the long-term effects of wastewater discharges. In particular, it is important to measure the human and environmental health risks associated with wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Varela
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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Rizzo L, Manaia C, Merlin C, Schwartz T, Dagot C, Ploy MC, Michael I, Fatta-Kassinos D. Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes spread into the environment: a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 447:345-60. [PMID: 23396083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1247] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are among the main sources of antibiotics' release into the environment. The occurrence of antibiotics may promote the selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), which shade health risks to humans and animals. In this paper the fate of ARB and ARGs in UWTPs, focusing on different processes/technologies (i.e., biological processes, advanced treatment technologies and disinfection), was critically reviewed. The mechanisms by which biological processes influence the development/selection of ARB and ARGs transfer are still poorly understood. Advanced treatment technologies and disinfection process are regarded as a major tool to control the spread of ARB into the environment. In spite of intense efforts made over the last years to bring solutions to control antibiotic resistance spread in the environment, there are still important gaps to fill in. In particular, it is important to: (i) improve risk assessment studies in order to allow accurate estimates about the maximal abundance of ARB in UWTPs effluents that would not pose risks for human and environmental health; (ii) understand the factors and mechanisms that drive antibiotic resistance maintenance and selection in wastewater habitats. The final objective is to implement wastewater treatment technologies capable of assuring the production of UWTPs effluents with an acceptable level of ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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Colomer-Lluch M, Mora A, Lopez C, Mamani R, Dahbi G, Marzoa J, Herrera A, Viso S, Blanco JE, Blanco M, Alonso MP, Jofre J, Muniesa M, Blanco J. Detection of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates belonging to clonal groups O25b:H4-B2-ST131 and O25b:H4-D-ST69 in raw sewage and river water in Barcelona, Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:758-65. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Huang JJ, Hu HY, Lu SQ, Li Y, Tang F, Lu Y, Wei B. Monitoring and evaluation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 42:31-6. [PMID: 21450343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is becoming a concern of public health. In order to acquire information on the emission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from WWTP effluents into natural waters, both average antibiotic tolerance and concentrations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the effluent of a WWTP in Beijing, China were investigated. A new index of IC(50)/MIC ratio (the antibiotic concentration required to inhibit 50% of total heterotrophic bacteria compared to the highest minimum inhibitory concentration value of a group of pathogens according to a specific antibiotic, as defined by CLSI) was used to reflect the average antibiotic tolerance of total heterotrophic bacteria in the secondary effluent. The results showed that the IC(50)/MIC ratios of heterotrophic bacteria in the secondary effluent to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol and rifampicin were >2, >1, >1, and 1.08, respectively, which reflected a significantly high general level of heterotrophic bacteria found in the secondary effluent resistant to these five antibiotics. The concentrations of penicillin-, ampicillin-, cephalothin-, and chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria were as high as 1.5×10(4)-1.9×10(5), 1.2×10(4)-1.5×10(5), 8.9×10(3)-1.9×10(5) and 2.6×10(4)-2.0×10(5) CFU/mL, and the average percentages in relation to total heterotrophic bacteria were 63%, 47%, 55%, and 69%, respectively. The concentrations of tetracycline- and rifampicin-resistant bacteria were 840-6.1×10(3) and 310-6.1×10(4) CFU/mL with average percentages of 2.6% and 11%, respectively. Furthermore, our study found that five- and six-antibiotic-resistant bacteria were widely distributed in four types of enterobacteria from the secondary effluent. The presence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria from effluents of WWTPs into natural waters could pose a serious problem as a secondary pollutant of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Manaia CM, Vaz-Moreira I, Nunes OC. Antibiotic Resistance in Waste Water and Surface Water and Human Health Implications. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2011_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Dias RCS, Marangoni DV, Riley LW, Moreira BM. Identification of uropathogenic Escherichia coli clonal group A (CgA) in hospitalised patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 104:787-9. [PMID: 19820843 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides the first description of healthcare-associated infections with Escherichia coli clonal group A (CgA) isolates in Latin America. Isolates were typed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, E. coli phylogenetic grouping, multilocus sequence typing and fimH single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Out of 42 E. coli hospital isolates studied, three belonged to E. coli phylogenetic group D and ST69 and had fimH sequences identical to that of the CgA reference strain ATCC BAA-457. E. coli CgA is another potential source of resistant infections in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens C S Dias
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Schaeffer AJ. Impact of Community Wide Epidemics of Antimicrobial Resistance on Management of Urinary Tract Infections. J Urol 2010; 183:419-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dias RCS, Marangoni DV, Smith SP, Alves EM, Pellegrino FLPC, Riley LW, Moreira BM. Clonal composition of Escherichia coli causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2010; 15:303-8. [PMID: 19857137 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2009.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from North America and Europe have demonstrated community-wide clonal spread of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). To investigate if a similar pattern of spread occurs in Brazil, we characterized UPEC from women with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in Rio de Janeiro. E. coli isolates from women with UTI in one public outpatient clinic were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, E. coli phylogenetic grouping, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) 2 PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprinting, and multilocus sequence typing. From March 2005 to November 2006, 344 patients were studied. Of these, 186 (54%) had confirmed UTI, 118 (63.4%) of which were caused by E. coli. More than 50% of these isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of these, 96 (81%) belonged to 19 ERIC2 clonal groups. The largest group included 15 isolates, all belonging to multilocus sequence typing group ST69 and phylogenetic group D; they had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns sharing at least 89% similarity compared with the CgA reference strain ATCC BAA-457. CgA strains have been found to be widespread in the United States in the early 2000s. Clonal group E. coli strains accounted for a large proportion (52%) of all UTIs and 82% of the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli UTIs. Thus, as in North America and Europe, UPECs that cause UTI in Rio de Janeiro also show clonal distribution, and a substantial proportion of drug-resistant UTI is caused by a small set of genetically related E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens C S Dias
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Servais P, Passerat J. Antimicrobial resistance of fecal bacteria in waters of the Seine river watershed (France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 408:365-372. [PMID: 19853889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We studied the prevalences of antimicrobial resistance (AR) and multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) among the fecal bacteria found in the rivers of a large watershed under strong anthropogenic pressures, the Seine river watershed (France). Two groups of fecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci, were tested for their susceptibility to 16 and 10 antimicrobials respectively, using the disk diffusion method. We found that 42% of the 214 E. coli river isolates were AR (resistant to at least one antimicrobial) and 35% were MAR (resistant to at least two antimicrobials). Among the 148 intestinal enterococci isolates from rivers, 83% were AR and 49% were MAR. We also investigated the sources of AR fecal bacteria found in the rivers of the watershed. A total of 715 E. coli isolates and 476 intestinal enterococci isolates were collected in point sources (municipal and hospital wastewaters) and non-point sources (surface runoff and soil leaching waters from agricultural or forest areas). For E. coli, the prevalence of AR differed widely from source to source and ranked in this order: hospital wastewaters (71%)>municipal wastewaters (44%)>agricultural non-point sources (16%)>forest non-point sources (2%). The prevalence of MAR ranked similarly, and the same trend was observed for intestinal enterococci. The AR level of fecal bacteria in the sources was related to their expected exposure level to antimicrobials before their release into the environment. A MAR index was calculated for every source and a good discrimination between them was thus obtained. At the global scale of the Seine river watershed, domestic wastewaters seemed more likely to be the predominant source of the AR fecal bacteria found in the rivers. This was corroborated by the similarity of the MAR indices from river and municipal wastewater isolates for both fecal indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Servais
- Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP 221, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Chatterjee B, Kulathinal S, Bhargava A, Jain Y, Kataria R. Anti-microbial resistance stratified by risk factor among Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urinary tract at a rural clinic in Central India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009; 27:329-34. [PMID: 19736402 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.55449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of empirical therapy is frequently observed, even in community-acquired urinary tract infections. We, therefore, conducted a prospective, clinic-based study in 2004-2005 to document anti-microbial resistance rates and correlate them with possible risk factors to assist empirical decision-making. MATERIALS AND METHODS Symptomatic patients with pyuria underwent urine culture. Isolates were identified using standard methods and anti-microbial resistance was determined by disk-diffusion. Ultrasonography was used to detect complicating factors. Patients were stratified by the presence of complicating factors and history of invasive procedures for comparison of resistance rates. STATISTICAL METHOD USED: Chi-square or Fisher exact tests, as appropriate. RESULTS There were 156 E. coli isolates, of which 105 were community-acquired. Twenty-three community-acquired isolates were from patients with complicating factors while 82 were from patients without any. Fifty-one isolates were from patients who had recently undergone invasive procedures on the urinary tract. Thirty-two community-acquired isolates from reproductive-age women without apparent complicating factors had resistance rates of 50% or above against tetracyclines, Co-trimoxazole, aminopenicillins, Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin and 1 st generation cephalosporins. Resistance rates were significantly higher among isolates from patients subjected to invasive procedures, except against Co-trimoxazole, tetracyclines and Amikacin. CONCLUSION High rates of anti-microbial resistance in community-acquired uropathogens have made antimicrobial sensitivity testing necessary even in a rural, primary-care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chatterjee
- Jan Swasthya Sahyog, Village and P. O. Ganiyari - 495 112, District Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Absence of CTX-M enzymes but high prevalence of clones, including clone ST131, among fecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy subjects living in the area of Paris, France. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3900-5. [PMID: 18842941 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00734-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolone-resistant and CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli isolates belonging to clone ST131 have been reported in the community. This study was designed to identify these E. coli isolates in the stools of 332 independent healthy subjects living in the area of Paris, France. Stools were plated on media without antibiotics, in order to obtain the dominant (Dm) fecal E. coli strain, and with nalidixic acid (NAL) and cefotaxime. Quinolone susceptibility, phylogenetic groups, and molecular profiles, including multilocus sequence types (ST), were determined for all NAL-resistant (NAL-R) isolates. Groups were also determined for the Dm strains from participants with NAL-R isolates and from a subgroup without NAL-R isolates. All B2 isolates were typed; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed for the ST131 isolates, and the results were compared with those for intercontinental clone ST131. Two participants (0.6%) had extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (SHV-2, TEM-52) fecal E. coli isolates, and 51 (15%) had NAL-R isolates; 51% of NAL-R isolates belonged to phylogenetic group A, 31% to group D, 16% to group B2, and 2% to group B1. The Dm strain was NAL-R in 3.3% of the 332 subjects. Forty-nine percent of the NAL-R isolates belonged to clones: ST10 and ST606 for group A isolates, ST117 and ST393 for group D isolates. Of all B2 isolates studied from 100 subjects (8 NAL-R strains; 19 NAL-susceptible dominant strains), 52% belonged to three clones: ST131 (n = 7), ST95 (n = 4), and ST141 (n = 3). This is the first study to show the presence of fecal E. coli isolates of clone ST131 in 7% of independent healthy subjects not colonized by CTX-M-15-producing isolates.
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