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Li X, Chen R, Wen J, Ji R, Chen X, Cao Y, Yu Y, Zhao C. The mechanisms in the gut microbiota regulation and type 2 diabetes therapeutic activity of resistant starches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133279. [PMID: 38906356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) can potentially prevent type 2 diabetes through the modulation of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites. Currently, it has been wildly noted that altering the intestinal microbial composition and short-chain fatty acids levels can achieve therapeutic effects, although the specific mechanisms were rarely elucidated. This review systematically explores the structural characteristics of different RS, analyzes the cross-feeding mechanism utilized by intestinal microbiota, and outlines the pathways and targets of butyrate, a primary microbial metabolite, for treating diabetes. Different RS types may have a unique impact on microbiota composition and their cross-feeding, thus exploring regulatory mechanisms of RS on diabetes through intestinal flora interaction and their metabolites could pave the way for more effective treatment outcomes for host health. Furthermore, by understanding the mechanisms of strain-level cross-feeding and metabolites of RS, precise dietary supplementation methods targeted at intestinal composition and metabolites can be achieved to improve T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ruoxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruya Ji
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yigang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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2
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Rajova J, Zeman M, Seidlerova Z, Vlasatikova L, Matiasovicova J, Sebkova A, Faldynova M, Prikrylova H, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Kulich P, Babak V, Volf J, Rychlik I. In Vivo Expression of Chicken Gut Anaerobes Identifies Carbohydrate- or Amino Acid-Utilising, Motile or Type VI Secretion System-Expressing Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6505. [PMID: 38928209 PMCID: PMC11204068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex gut microbiota increases chickens' resistance to enteric pathogens. However, the principles of this phenomenon are not understood in detail. One of the possibilities for how to decipher the role of gut microbiota in chickens' resistance to enteric pathogens is to systematically characterise the gene expression of individual gut microbiota members colonising the chicken caecum. To reach this aim, newly hatched chicks were inoculated with bacterial species whose whole genomic sequence was known. Total protein purified from the chicken caecum was analysed by mass spectrometry, and the obtained spectra were searched against strain-specific protein databases generated from known genomic sequences. Campylobacter jejuni, Phascolarctobacterium sp. and Sutterella massiliensis did not utilise carbohydrates when colonising the chicken caecum. On the other hand, Bacteroides, Mediterranea, Marseilla, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Escherichia coli and Succinatimonas fermented carbohydrates. C. jejuni was the only motile bacterium, and Bacteroides mediterraneensis expressed the type VI secretion system. Classification of in vivo expression is key for understanding the role of individual species in complex microbial populations colonising the intestinal tract. Knowledge of the expression of motility, the type VI secretion system, and preference for carbohydrate or amino acid fermentation is important for the selection of bacteria for defined competitive exclusion products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, CZ6210 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.R.); (M.Z.); (Z.S.); (L.V.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.F.); (H.P.); (D.K.); (M.C.); (P.K.); (V.B.); (J.V.)
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3
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Yan J, Wang Z, Bao G, Xue C, Zheng W, Fu R, Zhang M, Ding J, Yang F, Sun B. Causal effect between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome in European population: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:67. [PMID: 38807189 PMCID: PMC11134679 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported that gut microbiota composition is associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the causal effect of gut microbiota on metabolic syndrome has yet to be confirmed. METHODS We performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study to investigate the causal effect between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome in European population. Summary statistics of gut microbiota were from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis (n = 13,266) conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. The summary statistics of outcome were obtained from the most comprehensive genome-wide association studies of metabolic syndrome (n = 291,107). The inverse-variance weighted method was applied as the primary method, and the robustness of the results was assessed by a series of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS In the primary causal estimates, Actinobacteria (OR = 0.935, 95% CI = 0.878-0.996, P = 0.037), Bifidobacteriales (OR = 0.928, 95% CI = 0.868-0.992, P = 0.028), Bifidobacteriaceae (OR = 0.928, 95% CI = 0.868-0.992, P = 0.028), Desulfovibrio (OR = 0.920, 95% CI = 0.869-0.975, P = 0.005), and RuminococcaceaeUCG010 (OR = 0.882, 95% CI = 0.803-0.969, P = 0.009) may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome, while Lachnospiraceae (OR = 1.130, 95% CI = 1.016-1.257, P = 0.025), Veillonellaceae (OR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.004-1.108, P = 0.034) and Olsenella (OR = 1.046, 95% CI = 1.009-1.085, P = 0.015) may be linked to a higher risk for metabolic syndrome. Reverse MR analysis demonstrated that abundance of RuminococcaceaeUCG010 (OR = 0.938, 95% CI = 0.886-0.994, P = 0.030) may be downregulated by metabolic syndrome. Sensitivity analyses indicated no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Our Mendelian randomization study provided causal relationship between specific gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome, which might provide new insights into the potential pathogenic mechanisms of gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and the assignment of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawu Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Hefei, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guojian Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Hefei, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Cailin Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Hefei, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Wenxuan Zheng
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Hefei, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Minglu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Hefei, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jialu Ding
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Hefei, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Innovative Institute of Tumor Immunity and Medicine (ITIM), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Hefei, China.
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
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Angima G, Qu Y, Park SH, Dallas DC. Prebiotic Strategies to Manage Lactose Intolerance Symptoms. Nutrients 2024; 16:1002. [PMID: 38613035 PMCID: PMC11013211 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactose intolerance, which affects about 65-75% of the world's population, is caused by a genetic post-weaning deficiency of lactase, the enzyme required to digest the milk sugar lactose, called lactase non-persistence. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. Genetic variations, namely lactase persistence, allow some individuals to metabolize lactose effectively post-weaning, a trait thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to dairy consumption. Although lactase non-persistence cannot be altered by diet, prebiotic strategies, including the consumption of galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) and possibly low levels of lactose itself, may shift the microbiome and mitigate symptoms of lactose consumption. This review discusses the etiology of lactose intolerance and the efficacy of prebiotic approaches like GOSs and low-dose lactose in symptom management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Angima
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (G.A.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yunyao Qu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (G.A.); (Y.Q.)
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (G.A.); (Y.Q.)
| | - David C. Dallas
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (G.A.); (Y.Q.)
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Weng CY, Suarez C, Cheang SE, Couture G, Goodson ML, Barboza M, Kalanetra KM, Masarweh CF, Mills DA, Raybould HE, Lebrilla CB. Quantifying Gut Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Isotopomers in Mechanistic Studies Using a Rapid, Readily Expandable LC-MS Platform. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2415-2424. [PMID: 38288711 PMCID: PMC10867797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) comprise the largest group of gut microbial fermentation products. While absorption of most nutrients occurs in the small intestine, indigestible dietary components, such as fiber, reach the colon and are processed by the gut microbiome to produce a wide array of metabolites that influence host physiology. Numerous studies have implicated SCFAs as key modulators of host health, such as in regulating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, robust methods are still required for their detection and quantitation to meet the demands of biological studies probing the complex interplay of the gut-host-health paradigm. In this study, a sensitive, rapid-throughput, and readily expandible UHPLC-QqQ-MS platform using 2-PA derivatization was developed for the quantitation of gut-microbially derived SCFAs, related metabolites, and isotopically labeled homologues. The utility of this platform was then demonstrated by investigating the production of SCFAs in cecal contents from mice feeding studies, human fecal bioreactors, and fecal/bacterial fermentations of isotopically labeled dietary carbohydrates. Overall, the workflow proposed in this study serves as an invaluable tool for the rapidly expanding gut-microbiome and precision nutrition research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu
Charlie Weng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher Suarez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shawn Ehlers Cheang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Garret Couture
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael L. Goodson
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of California
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Mariana Barboza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of California
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Karen M. Kalanetra
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, University
of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chad F. Masarweh
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, University
of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David A. Mills
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, University
of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Helen E. Raybould
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University of California
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Kozak T, Lykhova O, Serhiichuk T, Bezdieniezhnykh N, Chekhun V. OPTIMIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL MODEL SYSTEMS FOR EVALUATING RECIPROCAL INFLUENCE OF BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS AND HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS IN VITRO. Exp Oncol 2024; 45:504-514. [PMID: 38328839 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.04.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of human breast cancer (BC) is known to be closely related to disturbances in the mammary gland microbiota. Bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are an important component of normal breast microbiota and exert antitumor activity. The molecular-biological mechanisms of interaction between BC cells and microbiota members remain poorly studied yet. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize an experimental model system for the co-cultivation of BC cells with Bifidobacterium animalis in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human ВС cells of the MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 lines, as well as live and heat-inactivated bacteria of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. animalis) were used as research objects. The growth kinetics and viability of B. animalis in the presence of different ВС cell lines and without them were determined by both the turbidimetry method and seeding on an elective nutrient medium. Glucose consumption and lactate production by bifidobacteria were assessed by biochemical methods. The viability of BC cells was determined by a standard colorimetric method. RESULTS The growth kinetics of B. animalis in the complete DMEM nutrient medium showed standard patterns. The indicators of glucose consumption and lactate production of B. animalis confirm its physiological metabolic activity under the growth conditions. The presence of BC cells in the model system did not affect the duration of the growth phases of the B. animalis cells' population but contributed to the increase in their counts. A significant decrease in the number of live BC cells of all studied lines was observed only after 48 h of co-cultivation with live B. animalis. To achieve similar suppression of the BC cell viability, 10-30-fold higher counts of heatinactivated bacteria were required compared to live ones. CONCLUSIONS The optimal conditions for co-cultivation of human BC cells and living B. animalis cells in vitro have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kozak
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O Lykhova
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - T Serhiichuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - N Bezdieniezhnykh
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V Chekhun
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Wu X, Li Q, Lin D, Cai J, Huang H, Tan H. Gut microbiota and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: evidence from the Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9105-9127. [PMID: 37698537 PMCID: PMC10522390 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) is related to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP). However, the causal relationship needs to be treated with caution due to confounding factors and reverse causation. METHODS We obtained genetic variants from genome-wide association studies including GM (N = 18,340) in MiBioGen Consortium as well as HDP (7,686 cases/115,893 controls) and specific subtypes in FinnGen Consortium. Then, Inverse variance weighted, maximum likelihood, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR.RAPS methods were applied to examine the causal association. Reverse Mendelian randomization (RMR) and multivariable MR were performed to confirm the causal direction and adjust the potential confounders, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q statistics, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO global test, and the leave-one-out analysis were conducted to detect the potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS The present study found causalities between eight gut microbial genera and HDP. The HDP-associated gut microbial genera identified by MR analyses varied in different subtypes. Specifically, our study found causal associations of LachnospiraceaeUCG010, Olsenella, RuminococcaceaeUCG009, Ruminococcus2, Anaerotruncus, Bifidobacterium, and Intestinibacter with GH, of Eubacterium (ruminantium group), Eubacterium (ventriosum group), Methanobrevibacter, RuminococcaceaeUCG002, and Tyzzerella3 with PE, and of Dorea and RuminococcaceaeUCG010 with eclampsia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study first applied the MR approach to detect the causal relationships between GM and specific HDP subtypes. Our findings may promote the prevention and treatment of HDP targeted on GM and provide valuable insights to understand the mechanism of HDP in different subtypes from the perspective of GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wu
- School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Li
- Xiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jishou, China
| | - Dihui Lin
- School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Jiawang Cai
- School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | | | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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The Pleiotropic Effects of Carbohydrate-Mediated Growth Rate Modifications in Bifidobacterium longum NCC 2705. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030588. [PMID: 36985162 PMCID: PMC10059941 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are saccharolytic bacteria that are able to metabolize a relatively large range of carbohydrates through their unique central carbon metabolism known as the “bifid-shunt”. Carbohydrates have been shown to modulate the growth rate of bifidobacteria, but unlike for other genera (e.g., E. coli or L. lactis), the impact it may have on the overall physiology of the bacteria has not been studied in detail to date. Using glucose and galactose as model substrates in Bifidobacterium longum NCC 2705, we established that the strain displayed fast and slow growth rates on those carbohydrates, respectively. We show that these differential growth conditions are accompanied by global transcriptional changes and adjustments of central carbon fluxes. In addition, when grown on galactose, NCC 2705 cells were significantly smaller, exhibited an expanded capacity to import and metabolized different sugars and displayed an increased acid-stress resistance, a phenotypic signature associated with generalized fitness. We predict that part of the observed adaptation is regulated by the previously described bifidobacterial global transcriptional regulator AraQ, which we propose to reflect a catabolite-repression-like response in B. longum. With this manuscript, we demonstrate that not only growth rate but also various physiological characteristics of B. longum NCC 2705 are responsive to the carbon source used for growth, which is relevant in the context of its lifestyle in the human infant gut where galactose-containing oligosaccharides are prominent.
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Abstract
Bifidobacteria naturally inhabit diverse environments, including the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. Members of the genus are of considerable scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on health and, hence, their potential to be used as probiotics. By definition, probiotic cells need to be viable despite being exposed to several stressors in the course of their production, storage, and administration. Examples of common stressors encountered by probiotic bifidobacteria include oxygen, acid, and bile salts. As bifidobacteria are highly heterogenous in terms of their tolerance to these stressors, poor stability and/or robustness can hamper the industrial-scale production and commercialization of many strains. Therefore, interest in the stress physiology of bifidobacteria has intensified in recent decades, and many studies have been established to obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their stability and robustness. By complementing traditional methodologies, omics technologies have opened new avenues for enhancing the understanding of the defense mechanisms of bifidobacteria against stress. In this review, we summarize and evaluate the current knowledge on the multilayered responses of bifidobacteria to stressors, including the most recent insights and hypotheses. We address the prevailing stressors that may affect the cell viability during production and use as probiotics. Besides phenotypic effects, molecular mechanisms that have been found to underlie the stress response are described. We further discuss strategies that can be applied to improve the stability of probiotic bifidobacteria and highlight knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schöpping
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmad A. Zeidan
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Carl Johan Franzén
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Li P, Wang H, Guo L, Gou X, Chen G, Lin D, Fan D, Guo X, Liu Z. Association between gut microbiota and preeclampsia-eclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2022; 20:443. [PMID: 36380372 PMCID: PMC9667679 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent observational studies have reported that gut microbiota composition is associated with preeclampsia. However, the causal effect of gut microbiota on preeclampsia-eclampsia is unknown. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was performed using the summary statistics of gut microbiota from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis (n=13,266) conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. The summary statistics of preeclampsia-eclampsia were obtained from the FinnGen consortium R7 release data (5731 cases and 160,670 controls). Inverse variance weighted, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted model, MR-PRESSO, and cML-MA were used to examine the causal association between gut microbiota and preeclampsia-eclampsia. Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was performed on the bacteria that were found to be causally associated with preeclampsia-eclampsia in forward Mendelian randomization analysis. Cochran's Q statistics were used to quantify the heterogeneity of instrumental variables. RESULTS Inverse variance weighted estimates suggested that Bifidobacterium had a protective effect on preeclampsia-eclampsia (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.64-0.89, P = 8.03 × 10-4). In addition, Collinsella (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.98, P = 0.03), Enterorhabdus (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.93, P = 8.76 × 10-3), Eubacterium (ventriosum group) (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.63-0.91, P = 2.43 × 10-3), Lachnospiraceae (NK4A136 group) (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.65-0.92, P = 3.77 × 10-3), and Tyzzerella 3 (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.97, P = 0.01) presented a suggestive association with preeclampsia-eclampsia. According to the results of reverse MR analysis, no significant causal effect of preeclampsia-eclampsia was found on gut microbiota. No significant heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was found. CONCLUSIONS This two-sample Mendelian randomization study found that Bifidobacterium was causally associated with preeclampsia-eclampsia. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the protective effect of probiotics on preeclampsia-eclampsia and their specific protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsheng Li
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.,Biobank, Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gou
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.,Biobank, Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Gengdong Chen
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dazhi Fan
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengping Liu
- Foshan Fetal Medicine Research Institute, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China. .,Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Zhao D, Liu H, Zhang H, Liu K, Zhang X, Liu Q, Wu Y, Zhang T, Zhang Q. Dietary supplementation with Cyberlindnera jadinii improved growth performance, serum biochemical Indices, antioxidant status, and intestinal health in growing raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:973384. [PMID: 36212816 PMCID: PMC9532689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether different dietary Cyberlindnera jadinii levels affect growth performance, serum immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota in growing raccoon dogs. Forty-five healthy male raccoon dogs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with 15 raccoon dogs per group. Each raccoon dog was housed in an individual cage. The raccoon dogs in the three groups were fed diets supplemented with Cyberlindnera jadinii at dosages of 0 (N group), 1 × 109 (L group) and 5 × 109 CFU/g (H group). A 7-day pretest period preceded a formal test period of 30 days. The results showed that Cyberlindnera jadinii in the L and H groups improved average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) and decreased the ratio of feed to weight (F/G) (P < 0.05). Serum immunoglobulins A and G levels were increased in the L and H groups compared to the N group (P < 0.05). Cyberlindnera jadinii in the L and H groups increased serum superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.05), and serum glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in the L group compared to the N group (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota were increased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was decreased in the L and H groups compared to the N group (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria was increased in the H group compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the Cyberlindnera jadinii supplementation groups increased compared with the N group (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Megasphaera and Bifidobacterium were increased, and the relative abundance of Prevotella was decreased in the L and H groups compared to the N group (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Dialister was increased, while the relative abundance of Blautia was decreased in the H group compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Agathobacter was decreased in the H group compared to the N group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Cyberlindnera jadinii increased growth performance, serum immunity, antioxidant capacity, and improved intestinal microbiota in growing raccoon dogs. Cyberlindnera jadinii can therefore be used as a growth promoter in raccoon dogs.
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12
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Duboux S, Muller JA, De Franceschi F, Mercenier A, Kleerebezem M. Using fluorescent promoter-reporters to study sugar utilization control in Bifidobacterium longum NCC 2705. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10477. [PMID: 35729224 PMCID: PMC9213400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are amongst the first bacteria to colonize the human gastro-intestinal system and have been proposed to play a crucial role in the development of the infant gut since their absence is correlated to the development of diseases later in life. Bifidobacteria have the capacity to metabolize a diverse range of (complex) carbohydrates, reflecting their adaptation to the lower gastro-intestinal tract. Detailed understanding of carbohydrate metabolism regulation in this genus is of prime importance and availability of additional genetic tools easing such studies would be beneficial. To develop a fluorescent protein-based reporter system that can be used in B. longum NCC 2705, we first selected the most promising fluorescent protein out of the seven we tested (i.e., mCherry). This reporter protein was then used to study the carbohydrate mediated activation of PBl1518 and PBl1694, two promoters respectively predicted to be controlled by the transcriptional factors AraQ and AraU, previously suggested to regulate arabinose utilization and proposed to also act as global transcriptional regulators in bifidobacteria. We confirmed that in B. longum NCC 2705 the AraQ controlled promoter (PBl1518) is induced strongly by arabinose and established that the AraU controlled promoter (PBl1694) was mostly induced by the hexoses galactose and fructose. Combining the mCherry reporter system with flow cytometry, we established that NCC 2705 is able to co-metabolize arabinose and glucose while galactose was only consumed after glucose exhaustion, thus illustrating the complexity of different carbohydrate consumption patterns and their specific regulation in this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duboux
- Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - A Mercenier
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Cakebread J, Wallace OA, Henderson H, Jauregui R, Young W, Hodgkinson A. The impacts of bovine milk, soy beverage, or almond beverage on the growing rat microbiome. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13415. [PMID: 35573176 PMCID: PMC9104089 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Milk, the first food of mammals, helps to establish a baseline gut microbiota. In humans, milk and milk products are consumed beyond infancy, providing comprehensive nutritional value. Non-dairy beverages, produced from plant, are increasingly popular as alternatives to dairy milk. The nutritive value of some plant-based products continues to be debated, whilst investigations into impacts on the microbiome are rare. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of bovine milk, soy and almond beverages on the rat gut microbiome. We previously showed soy and milk supplemented rats had similar bone density whereas the almond supplemented group had compromised bone health. There is an established link between bone health and the microbiota, leading us to hypothesise that the microbiota of groups supplemented with soy and milk would be somewhat similar, whilst almond supplementation would be different. Methods Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10/group) and fed ad libitum for four weeks. Two control groups were fed either standard diet (AIN-93G food) or AIN-93G amino acids (AA, containing amino acids equivalent to casein but with no intact protein) and with water provided ad libitum. Three treatment groups were fed AIN-93G AA and supplemented with either bovine ultra-heat treatment (UHT) milk or soy or almond UHT beverages as their sole liquid source. At trial end, DNA was extracted from caecum contents, and microbial abundance and diversity assessed using high throughput sequencing of the V3 to V4 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Results Almost all phyla (91%) differed significantly (FDR < 0.05) in relative abundance according to treatment and there were distinct differences seen in community structure between treatment groups at this level. At family level, forty taxa showed significantly different relative abundance (FDR < 0.05). Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidaceae) and Firmicutes populations (Lactobacillaceae, Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae) increased in relative abundance in the AA almond supplemented group. Supplementation with milk resulted in increased abundance of Actinobacteria (Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae) compared with other groups. Soy supplementation increased abundance of some Firmicutes (Lactobacilliaceae) but not Actinobacteria, as previously reported by others. Conclusion Supplementation with milk or plant-based drinks has broad impacts on the intestinal microbiome of young rats. Changes induced by cow milk were generally in line with previous reports showing increased relative abundance of Bifidobacteriacea, whilst soy and almond beverage did not. Changes induced by soy and almond drink supplementation were in taxa commonly associated with carbohydrate utilisation. This research provides new insight into effects on the microbiome of three commercially available products marketed for similar uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cakebread
- Food and Biobased Products, AgResearch Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand,Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Harold Henderson
- Food and Biobased Products, AgResearch Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ruy Jauregui
- Digital Agriculture Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
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14
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Feng J, Gao M, Zhao C, Yang J, Gao H, Lu X, Ju R, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Oral Administration of Probiotics Reduces Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhea and Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:823288. [PMID: 35299763 PMCID: PMC8922230 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.823288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy generally causes serious diarrhea and oral mucositis in cancer patients, and subsequently affects treatment. Oral administration of probiotics provides a therapeutic choice to address these limitations. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of oral probiotic use in the management of the chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions, and to summarize the mechanisms underlying the action. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science from the start of the study to its completion on Dec. 31, 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's Tool. Statistical analysis of the acquired data was performed via the RevMan and the Stata Statistical Software. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020220650). Results Twelve randomized controlled trials including 1,013 patients were recruited and analyzed via the standard procedure of meta-analysis. In contrast to the control group, orally taking probiotics significantly decreased the risk of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (≥ 1 grade) (RR = 0.70; 95% Cl: 0.56, 0.88; P = 0.002) and oral mucositis (≥ 1 grade) (RR: 0.84; 95% Cl: 0.78, 0.91; P < 0.00001) at all grades. Further analysis found that severe diarrhea (≥ 2 grades) (RR: 0.50; 95% Cl: 0.32, 0.78; P = 0.002) and severe oral mucositis also significantly declined (≥ 3 grades) (RR: 0.66; 95% Cl: 0.55, 0.79; P < 0.00001) after oral probiotic use. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of probiotics displayed statistically significant only in Asian patients. Importantly, the more species of bacteria they took, the lower the incidences of the adverse reactions occurred. We used Egger's test P value to confirm that there is no publication bias. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrated that orally administrated probiotics has a potential to decrease chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and oral mucositis incidences. However, the efficacy of oral probiotic use against the adverse reactions needs to be further verified through more clinical trials, and the species and number of probiotics have to be optimized and standardized prior to clinical applications. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier: 220650.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Schöpping M, Gaspar P, Neves AR, Franzén CJ, Zeidan AA. Identifying the essential nutritional requirements of the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium longum through genome-scale modeling. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:47. [PMID: 34887435 PMCID: PMC8660834 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bifidobacteria are widely used as probiotics, their metabolism and physiology remain to be explored in depth. In this work, strain-specific genome-scale metabolic models were developed for two industrially and clinically relevant bifidobacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® and B. longum subsp. longum BB-46, and subjected to iterative cycles of manual curation and experimental validation. A constraint-based modeling framework was used to probe the metabolic landscape of the strains and identify their essential nutritional requirements. Both strains showed an absolute requirement for pantethine as a precursor for coenzyme A biosynthesis. Menaquinone-4 was found to be essential only for BB-46 growth, whereas nicotinic acid was only required by BB-12®. The model-generated insights were used to formulate a chemically defined medium that supports the growth of both strains to the same extent as a complex culture medium. Carbohydrate utilization profiles predicted by the models were experimentally validated. Furthermore, model predictions were quantitatively validated in the newly formulated medium in lab-scale batch fermentations. The models and the formulated medium represent valuable tools to further explore the metabolism and physiology of the two species, investigate the mechanisms underlying their health-promoting effects and guide the optimization of their industrial production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schöpping
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paula Gaspar
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Ana Rute Neves
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, 6920, Videbæk, Denmark
| | - Carl Johan Franzén
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmad A Zeidan
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
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16
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Genomic and Metabolic Features of an Unexpectedly Predominant, Thermophilic, Assistant Starter Microorganism, Thermus thermophilus, in Chinese Inner Mongolian Cheese. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122962. [PMID: 34945513 PMCID: PMC8700840 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner Mongolian cheese is a traditional dairy product in China. It is produced without rennet, using naturally acidified milk that is simmered to achieve whey separation. In order to analyse the impact of simmering on the microbial community structure, high-throughput sequencing was performed to obtain bacterial 16S rRNA sequences from cheeses from the Ordos (ES), Ulanqab (WS), Horqin (KS) and Xilingol (XS) grasslands of Inner Mongolia. The relative abundance of an unexpected microorganism, Thermus thermophilus, ranged from 2% to 9%, which meant that its dominance was second only to that of lactic acid bacteria (LABs). Genome sequencing and fermentation validation were performed in T. thermophilus N-1 isolated from the Ordos, and it was determined that T. thermophilus N-1 could ingest and metabolise lactose in milk to produce lactate during the simmering process. T. thermophilus N-1 could also produce acetate, propionate, citrate and other organic acids through a unique acetate production pathway and a complete propionate production pathway and TCA cycle, which may affect texture and flavour development in Inner Mongolian cheese. Simultaneously, the large amount of citrate produced by T. thermophilus N-1 provides a necessary carbon source for continuous fermentation by LABs after the simmering step. Therefore, T. thermophilus N-1 contributes to cheese fermentation as a predominant, thermophilic, assistant starter microorganism unique to Chinese Inner Mongolian cheese.
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17
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Comparative genomics and in silico gene evaluation involved in the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium longum 5 1A. Gene 2021; 795:145781. [PMID: 34153410 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bifidobacterium longum 51A strain of isolated from feces of a healthy child, has demonstrated probiotic properties by in vivo and in vitro studies, which may be assigned to its production of metabolites such as acetate. Thus, through the study of comparative genomics, the present work sought to identify unique genes that might be related to the production of acetate. To perform the study, the DNA strain was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq technology, followed by assembly and manual curation of coding sequences. Comparative analysis was performed including 19 complete B. longum genomes available in Genbank/NCBI. In the phylogenetic analysis, the CECT 7210 and 157F strains of B. longum subsp. infantis aggregated within the subsp. longum cluster, suggesting that their taxonomic classification should be reviewed. The strain 51A of B. longum has 26 unique genes, six of which are possibly related to carbohydrate metabolism and acetate production. The phosphoketolase pathway from B. longum 51A showed a difference in acetyl-phosphate production. This result seems to corroborate the analysis of their unique genes, whose presence suggests the strain may use different sources of carbohydrates that allow a greater production of acetate and consequently offer benefits to the host health.
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18
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Rapid evaluation of optimal growth substrates and improvement of industrial production of Bifidobacterium adolescentis based on the automatic feedback feeding method. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Warda AK, Clooney AG, Ryan F, de Almeida Bettio PH, Di Benedetto G, Ross RP, Hill C. A postbiotic consisting of heat-treated lactobacilli has a bifidogenic effect in pure culture and in human fermented faecal communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02459-20. [PMID: 33579683 PMCID: PMC8091120 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02459-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has a significant impact on host health. Dietary interventions using probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics have the potential to alter microbiota composition and function. Other therapeutic interventions such as antibiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation have also been shown to significantly alter the microbiota and its metabolites. Supplementation of a faecal fermentation model of the human gut with a postbiotic product Lactobacillus LB led to changes in microbiome composition (i.e. increase in beneficial bifidobacteria) and associated metabolic changes (i.e. increased acid production). Lactobacillus LB is a heat-treated preparation of cellular biomass and a fermentate generated by Limosilactobacillus fermentum CNCM MA65/4E-1b (formerly known as Lactobacillus fermentum CNCM MA65/4E-1b) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii CNCM MA65/4E-2z, medically relevant strains used to produce antidiarrheal preparations. In pure culture, Lactobacillus LB also stimulates the growth of a range of bifidobacterial species and strains. Lactobacillus LB-like preparations generated using other Lactobacillaceae, including commercially available probiotic bacteria, did not have the same impact on a model strain (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697). This bifidogenic activity is heat- and enzyme-stable and cannot be attributed to lactose, which is a major constituent of Lactobacillus LB. L fermentum CNCM MA65/4E-1b is largely responsible for the observed activity and there is a clear role for compounds smaller than 1 kDa.Importance In general, disruptions to the gut microbiota are associated with multiple disorders in humans. The presence of high levels of Bifidobacterium spp. in the human gut is commonly considered to be beneficial. Bifidobacteria can be supplemented in the diet (as probiotics) or those bifidobacteria already present in the gut can be stimulated by the consumption of prebiotics such as inulin. We demonstrate that Lactobacillus LB (a product consisting of two heat-killed lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites) can stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in human fermented faecal communities and in pure culture. Given the heat-treatment applied during the production process, there is no risk of the lactic acid bacteria colonising (or causing bacteraemia) in vulnerable consumers (infants, immunocompromised, etc). Lactobacillus LB has the potential to affect human health by selectively promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja K Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adam G Clooney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Feargal Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Reynolds P Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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20
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Chen J, Pi X, Liu W, Ding Q, Wang X, Jia W, Zhu L. Age-related changes of microbiota in midlife associated with reduced saccharolytic potential: an in vitro study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:47. [PMID: 33588748 PMCID: PMC7885556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is critical in maintaining human health, of which diversity and abundance are subject to significantly reduce in seniors. Gut microbiota is reported to be stable across the long adulthood in general, but lack of careful examination, especially for the midlife people. RESULTS To characterize the gut microbiota in midlife, we investigated the faecal microbiota between two groups of healthy people, young, 20-39 years old, n = 15; and midlife, 40-60 years old, n = 15. Metabolic responses of the microbiota were studied through in vitro batch fermentation model. Although no difference was observed in the diversity indices between the two age groups, a wide range taxonomic changes were found in the faecal microbiota. Furthermore, substantial Bifidobacterium reduction was also found in both faecal and fermented samples. The faecal SCFAs are similar in both groups, as well as starch fermentation broth. However, after inulin fermentation, the acetate concentration and inulin degradation rate decreased while the gas production increased in midlife group, suggesting a deficiency of saccharolytic potential in midlife, especially for non-digestible carbohydrate. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that gut microbiota begins to change as early as in midlife. The reduction in Bifidobacterium dominates the change of the microbiota composition in midlife resulting in attenuated saccharolytic capacity of inulin, possibly leading to insufficient acetate production which might be associated with healthy problems in this transition period from young to elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xionge Pi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qunfang Ding
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Jia
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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21
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Zabel BE, Gerdes S, Evans KC, Nedveck D, Singles SK, Volk B, Budinoff C. Strain-specific strategies of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, and difucosyllactose assimilation by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 and ATCC 15697. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15919. [PMID: 32985563 PMCID: PMC7522266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk provides essential nutrients for infant nutrition. A large proportion of human milk is composed of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are resistant to digestion by the infant. Instead, HMOs act as a bioactive and prebiotic enriching HMO-utilizing bacteria and cause systematic changes in the host. Several species of Bifidobacterium have been shown to utilize HMOs by conserved, as well as species-specific pathways, but less work has been done to study variation within species or sub-species. B. longum subsp. infantis is a prevalent species in the breast-fed infant gut and the molecular mechanisms of HMO utilization for the type strain B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 (type strain) have been well characterized. We used growth, transcriptomic, and metabolite analysis to characterize key differences in the utilization of 2'FL, 3FL and DFL (FLs) between B. longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26) and the type strain. Bi-26 grows faster, produces unique metabolites, and has a distinct global gene transcription response to FLs compared to the type strain. Taken together the findings demonstrate major strain specific adaptations in Bi-26 to efficient utilization of FLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Zabel
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Svetlana Gerdes
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kara C Evans
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Derek Nedveck
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Barbara Volk
- Advanced Analytical, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Charles Budinoff
- Genomics and Microbiome Science, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Madison, WI, USA
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22
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Silva Á, Gonzalez N, Terrén A, García A, Martinez-Blanch JF, Illescas V, Morales J, Maroto M, Genovés S, Ramón D, Martorell P, Chenoll E. An Infant Milk Formula Supplemented with Heat-Treated Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145, Reduces Fat Deposition in C. elegans and Augments Acetate and Lactate in a Fermented Infant Slurry. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050652. [PMID: 32438563 PMCID: PMC7278570 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity has a growing health and socio-economical impact due to cardiovascular and metabolic complications in adult life. Some recent studies suggest that live or heat-treated probiotics have beneficial effects in preventing fat deposition and obesity in preclinical and clinical sets. Here, we have explored the effects of heat-treated probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 (HT-BPL1), added as a supplement on an infant milk formula (HT-BPL1-IN), on Caenorhabditis elegans fat deposition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate, using fermented baby fecal slurries. We have found that HT-BPL1-IN significantly reduced fat deposition in C. elegans, at the time it drastically augmented the generation of some SCFAs, particulary acetate and organic acid lactate. Data suggest that heat-treated BPL1 maintains its functional activities when added to an infant powder milk formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Silva
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM Biopolis, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (Á.S.); (N.G.); (S.G.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Nuria Gonzalez
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM Biopolis, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (Á.S.); (N.G.); (S.G.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Ana Terrén
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonio García
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Facultad de Medicina, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vanessa Illescas
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM LIfesequencing, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.F.M.-B.); (V.I.)
| | - Javier Morales
- Product Development Department, Alter Farmacia SA, 28880 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marcos Maroto
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.); (A.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Salvador Genovés
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM Biopolis, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (Á.S.); (N.G.); (S.G.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM Biopolis, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (Á.S.); (N.G.); (S.G.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM LIfesequencing, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.F.M.-B.); (V.I.)
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM Biopolis, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (Á.S.); (N.G.); (S.G.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
| | - Empar Chenoll
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM Biopolis, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (Á.S.); (N.G.); (S.G.); (D.R.); (P.M.)
- Health & Wellness-ADM Nutrition-ADM LIfesequencing, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.F.M.-B.); (V.I.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Lanigan N, Kelly E, Arzamasov AA, Stanton C, Rodionov DA, van Sinderen D. Transcriptional control of central carbon metabolic flux in Bifidobacteria by two functionally similar, yet distinct LacI-type regulators. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17851. [PMID: 31780796 PMCID: PMC6882875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria resident in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are subject to constantly changing environmental conditions, which require rapid adjustments in gene expression. Here, we show that two predicted LacI-type transcription factors (TFs), designated AraQ and MalR1, are involved in regulating the central, carbohydrate-associated metabolic pathway (the so-called phosphoketolase pathway or bifid shunt) of the gut commensal Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003. These TFs appear to not only control transcription of genes involved in the bifid shunt and each other, but also seem to commonly and directly affect transcription of other TF-encoding genes, as well as genes related to uptake and metabolism of various carbohydrates. This complex and interactive network of AraQ/MalR1-mediated gene regulation provides previously unknown insights into the governance of carbon metabolism in bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Lanigan
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emer Kelly
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States.,A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States.,A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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24
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Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Reid G, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:605-616. [PMID: 31296969 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 810] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics are microbiota-management tools for improving host health. They target gastrointestinal effects via the gut, although direct application to other sites such as the oral cavity, vaginal tract and skin is being explored. Here, we describe gut-derived effects in humans. In the past decade, research on the gut microbiome has rapidly accumulated and has been accompanied by increased interest in probiotics and prebiotics as a means to modulate the gut microbiota. Given the importance of these approaches for public health, it is timely to reiterate factual and supporting information on their clinical application and use. In this Review, we discuss scientific evidence on probiotics and prebiotics, including mechanistic insights into health effects. Strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces have a long history of safe and effective use as probiotics, but Roseburia spp., Akkermansia spp., Propionibacterium spp. and Faecalibacterium spp. show promise for the future. For prebiotics, glucans and fructans are well proven, and evidence is building on the prebiotic effects of other substances (for example, oligomers of mannose, glucose, xylose, pectin, starches, human milk and polyphenols).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, USA
| | - Daniel J Merenstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregor Reid
- Lawson Research Institute, and Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Robert A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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25
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Allen JM, Jaggers RM, Solden LM, Loman BR, Davies RH, Mackos AR, Ladaika CA, Berg BM, Chichlowski M, Bailey MT. Dietary Oligosaccharides Attenuate Stress-Induced Disruptions in Immune Reactivity and Microbial B-Vitamin Metabolism. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1774. [PMID: 31417554 PMCID: PMC6681768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to stressful stimuli dysregulates inflammatory processes and alters the gut microbiota. Prebiotics, including long-chain fermentable fibers and milk oligosaccharides, have the potential to limit inflammation through modulation of the gut microbiota. To determine whether prebiotics attenuate stress-induced inflammation and microbiota perturbations, mice were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with galactooligosaccharides, polydextrose and sialyllactose (GOS+PDX+SL) or sialyllactose (SL) for 2 weeks prior to and during a 6-day exposure to a social disruption stressor. Spleens were collected for immunoreactivity assays. Colon contents were examined for stressor- and diet- induced changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS. Results: Stress increased circulating IL-6 and enhanced splenocyte immunoreactivity to an ex vivo LPS challenge. Diets containing GOS+PDX+SL or SL alone attenuated these responses. Stress exposure resulted in large changes to the gut metabolome, including robust shifts in amino acids, peptides, nucleotides/nucleosides, tryptophan metabolites, and B vitamins. Multiple B vitamins were inversely associated with IL-6 and were augmented in mice fed either GOS+PDX+SL or SL diets. Stressed mice exhibited distinct microbial communities with lower abundances of Lactobacillus spp. and higher abundances of Bacteroides spp. Diet supplementation with GOS+PDX+SL, but not SL alone, orthogonally altered the microbiome and enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from mice fed the GOS+PDX+SL diet unveiled genes in a Bifidobacterium MAG for de novo B vitamin synthesis. B vitamers directly attenuated the stressor-induced exacerbation of cytokine production in LPS-stimulated splenocytes. Conclusions: Overall, these data indicate that colonic metabolites, including B vitamins, are responsive to psychosocial stress. Dietary prebiotics reestablish colonic B vitamins and limit stress-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Allen
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert M Jaggers
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lindsey M Solden
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brett R Loman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ronald H Davies
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amy R Mackos
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher A Ladaika
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brian M Berg
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Maciej Chichlowski
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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26
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Rocha Martin VN, Lacroix C, Killer J, Bunesova V, Voney E, Braegger C, Schwab C. Cutibacterium avidum is phylogenetically diverse with a subpopulation being adapted to the infant gut. Syst Appl Microbiol 2019; 42:506-516. [PMID: 31128887 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The infant gut harbors a diverse microbial community consisting of several taxa whose persistence depends on adaptation to the ecosystem. In healthy breast-fed infants, the gut microbiota is dominated by Bifidobacterium spp.. Cutibacterium avidum is among the initial colonizers, however, the phylogenetic relationship of infant fecal isolates to isolates from other body sites, and C. avidum carbon utilization related to the infant gut ecosystem have been little investigated. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic and phenotypic diversity of 28 C. avidum strains, including 16 strains isolated from feces of healthy infants. We investigated the in vitro capacity of C. avidum infant isolates to degrade and consume carbon sources present in the infant gut, and metabolic interactions of C. avidum with infant associated Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Isolates of C. avidum showed genetic heterogeneity. C. avidum consumed d- and l-lactate, glycerol, glucose, galactose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and maltodextrins. Alpha-galactosidase- and β-glucuronidase activity were a trait of a group of non-hemolytic strains, which were mostly isolated from infant feces. Beta-glucuronidase activity correlated with the ability to ferment glucuronic acid. Co-cultivation with B. infantis and B. bifidum enhanced C. avidum growth and production of propionate, confirming metabolic cross-feeding. This study highlights the phylogenetic and functional diversity of C. avidum, their role as secondary glycan degraders and propionate producers, and suggests adaptation of a subpopulation to the infant gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Natalin Rocha Martin
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Killer
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Evelyn Voney
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Braegger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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27
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Chung HJ, Sim JH, Min TS, Choi HK. Metabolomics and Lipidomics Approaches in the Science of Probiotics: A Review. J Med Food 2018; 21:1086-1095. [PMID: 30004273 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microflora plays important roles in the health of the host, such as nutrient processing and the modulation of intestinal immune responses. The constituents of the diet greatly affect the composition of the microbiota and its metabolites. The human intestinal microbiota is made up of around 100 trillion microbial cells encompassing at least 300 species. Consuming probiotics may lead to changes in the intestinal microflora that influence host health. Metabolomics is a powerful tool for revealing metabolic changes in biofluids, tissues, and organs of hosts induced by the consumption of probiotics, and lipidomics in particular is a technical approach that focuses on the analysis of lipids in various cells and biofluids. Metabolomics and lipidomics have been used to investigate intracellular and extracellular metabolites as well as for the nontargeted profiling and fingerprinting of metabolites. Based on metabolomics and lipidomics investigations, we reviewed the effects of consuming probiotics on metabolic profiles in controlled intestinal environments. We also discuss the associations between metabolic changes and human diseases after consuming probiotics in uncontrolled intestinal environments. In addition, we review the metabolic changes that take place within the food matrix during probiotic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Jin Chung
- 1 College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Korea Yakult Co., Ltd. , Yongin, Korea
| | | | - Tae-Sun Min
- 3 Faculty of Biotechnology, SARI, Jeju National University , Jeju, Korea
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28
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Mantziari A, Aakko J, Kumar H, Tölkkö S, du Toit E, Salminen S, Isolauri E, Rautava S. The Impact of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 in Human Milk. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:566-569. [PMID: 28753043 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is the optimal source of complete nutrition for neonates and it also guides the development of infant gut microbiota. Importantly, human milk can be supplemented with probiotics to complement the health benefits of breastfeeding. Storage of human milk for limited periods of time is often unavoidable, but little is known about the effect of different storage conditions (temperature) on the viability of the added probiotics. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated how different storage conditions affect the viability of two specific widely used probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb12), in human milk by culturing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicate that LGG and Bb12 remained stable throughout the storage period. Thus, we conclude that human milk offers an appropriate matrix for probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mantziari
- 1 Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,2 Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Aakko
- 1 Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,2 Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- 1 Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Tölkkö
- 1 Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Elloise du Toit
- 3 Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Seppo Salminen
- 1 Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Isolauri
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital , Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Rautava
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital , Turku, Finland
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29
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Abstract
Bifidobacteria are members of the intestinal microbiota of mammals and other animals, and some strains are able to exert health-promoting effects. The genus Bifidobacterium belongs to the Actinobacteria phylum. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria constitute the most abundant phyla in the human intestinal microbiota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes being predominant in adults, and Actinobacteria in breast-fed infants, where bifidobacteria can reach levels higher than 90% of the total bacterial population. They are among the first microbial colonizers of the intestines of newborns, and play key roles in the development of their physiology, including maturation of the immune system and use of dietary components. Indeed, some nutrients, such as human milk oligosaccharides, are important drivers of bifidobacterial development. Some Bifidobacterium strains are considered probiotic microorganisms because of their beneficial effects, and they have been included as bioactive ingredients in functional foods, mainly dairy products, as well as in food supplements and pharma products, alone, or together with, other microbes or microbial substrates. Well-documented scientific evidence of their activities is currently available for bifidobacteria-containing preparations in some intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. In this review, we focus on the role of bifidobacteria as members of the human intestinal microbiota and their use as probiotics in the prevention and treatment of disease.
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30
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Toh M, Liu SQ. Impact of coculturing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 with yeasts on microbial viability and metabolite formation. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:956-968. [PMID: 28833937 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of coculturing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 with yeasts on microbial viability and metabolite production. METHODS AND RESULTS Monocultures and bacteria-yeast cocultures of B. lactis HN019 and 10 different yeast strains belonging to different species in skim milk media were fermented at 37°C. The presence of yeasts enhanced the growth rate and metabolic activities of B. lactis HN019, which might be attributed to their antioxidative properties. The viability of yeasts, when cocultured with bifidobacteria, was either unaffected or suppressed, depending on the strain. When the B. lactis HN019 monoculture and cocultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC-1118, Pichia kluyveri FrootZen and Kluyveromyces lactis KL71 were fermented to pH 4·7, there were no significant differences in their organic acid composition. On the other hand, cocultures produced significantly higher quantities of alcohols and/or esters than the monoculture. Coculturing B. lactis HN019 with yeasts did not improve the viability of the probiotic during storage at 10°C for 8 weeks, as the bifidobacteria itself demonstrated satisfactory survival in the fermented SMM. CONCLUSIONS Coculturing B. lactis HN019 with yeasts accelerated the growth of the bifidobacteria and increased the production aroma-active volatile metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing specific yeast species as starter or adjunct cultures to simultaneously improve the growth of fastidious bifidobacteria and modulate the organoleptic properties of fermented food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toh
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S-Q Liu
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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31
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The potential of species-specific tagatose-6-phosphate (T6P) pathway in Lactobacillus casei group for galactose reduction in fermented dairy foods. Food Microbiol 2017; 62:178-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Valdés-Varela L, Ruas-Madiedo P, Gueimonde M. In vitro fermentation of different fructo-oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium strains for the selection of synbiotic combinations. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 242:19-23. [PMID: 27866040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of selected probiotics, prebiotics and/or synbiotics, constitute an interesting dietary strategy for intestinal microbiota modulation in case of dysbiosis. Species of the genus Bifidobacterium are among the most currently used probiotics for human consumption since they have shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of some disorders. Bifidobacteria are saccharolytic microorganisms, but their ability to use different carbohydrates varies among strains. In this study, we investigate the utilization of three prebiotic substrates (two different short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides [scFOS] and inulin) by strains of Bifidobacterium, in order to determine the synbiotic potential of the different probiotic/prebiotic combinations. Batch culture fermentations from six Bifidobacterium strains (Bifidobacterium longum IPLA20021, B. longum IPLA20022, Bifidobacterium animalis IPLA20031, B. animalis IPLA20032, B. animalis IPLA20020 and B. animalis Bb12) were carried out in the presence of inulin or scFOS (Synergy or Actilight), or glucose, as carbon source. Bifidobacteria levels were quantified by plate counting. The pH and production of organic acids in the different batch-culture fermentations were also determined. Our results showed that all the studied strains of B. animalis and B. longum were able to utilize scFOS but not inulin. The use of scFOS as carbon source affected the pattern of metabolite's production, when compared with cultures carried out in glucose, particularly in the case of B. longum. The results indicated that the scFOS are well suited to be used in combination with B. animalis or B. longum strains for the development of synbiotic foods or food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Valdés-Varela
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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Gonzalez JE, Antoniewicz MR. Tracing metabolism from lignocellulosic biomass and gaseous substrates to products with stable-isotopes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 43:86-95. [PMID: 27780112 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered microbes offer a practical and sustainable alternative to traditional industrial approaches. To increase the economic feasibility of biological processes, microbial isolates are engineered to take up inexpensive feedstocks (including lignocellulosic biomass, syngas, methane, and carbon dioxide), and convert them into substrates of central metabolism and further into value-added products. To trace the metabolism of these feedstocks into products, isotopic tracers are applied together with isotopomer analysis techniques such as 13C-metabolic flux analysis to provide a detailed picture of pathway utilization. Flux data is then integrated with kinetic models and constraint-based approaches to identify metabolic bottlenecks, propose novel metabolic engineering strategies, and improve process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Maciek R Antoniewicz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Arboleya S, Stanton C, Ryan CA, Dempsey E, Ross PR. Bosom Buddies: The Symbiotic Relationship Between Infants and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum and ssp. infantis. Genetic and Probiotic Features. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:1-21. [PMID: 26934170 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a complex community that plays an important role in human health from the initial steps of its establishment. Its microbial composition has been suggested to result from selective pressures imposed by the host and is modulated by competition among its members. Bifidobacterium longum is one of the most abundant species of the Bifidobacterium genus in the gut microbiota of healthy breast-fed infants and adults. The recent advancements of 'omics techniques have facilitated the genetic and functional studies of different gut microbiota members. They have revealed the complex genetic pathways used to metabolize different compounds that likely contribute to the competitiveness and persistence of B. longum in the colon. The discovery of a genomic island in B. longum ssp. infantis that encodes specific enzymes for the metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides suggests a specific ecological adaptation. Moreover, B. longum is widely used as probiotic, and beneficial effects in infant health have been reported in several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arboleya
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland; ,
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland; ,
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork, Ireland; ,
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork, Ireland; ,
| | - Paul R Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland; , .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
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Butts CA, Paturi G, Tavendale MH, Hedderley D, Stoklosinski HM, Herath TD, Rosendale D, Roy NC, Monro JA, Ansell J. The fate of (13)C-labelled and non-labelled inulin predisposed to large bowel fermentation in rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:1825-32. [PMID: 26778667 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The fate of stable-isotope (13)C labelled and non-labelled inulin catabolism by the gut microbiota was assessed in a healthy rat model. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to diets containing either cellulose or inulin, and were fed these diets for 3 days. On day (d) 4, rats allocated to the inulin diet received (13)C-labelled inulin. The rats were then fed the respective non-labelled diets (cellulose or inulin) until sampling (d4, d5, d6, d7, d10 and d11). Post feeding of (13)C-labelled substrate, breath analysis showed that (13)C-inulin cleared from the host within a period of 36 hours. Faecal (13)C demonstrated the clearance of inulin from gut with a (13)C excess reaching maximum at 24 hours (d5) and then declining gradually. There were greater variations in caecal organic acid concentrations from d4 to d6, with higher concentrations of acetic, butyric and propionic acids observed in the rats fed inulin compared to those fed cellulose. Inulin influenced caecal microbial glycosidase activity, increased colon crypt depth, and decreased the faecal output and polysaccharide content compared to the cellulose diet. In summary, the presence of inulin in the diet positively influenced large bowel microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Gunaranjan Paturi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Halina M Stoklosinski
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Thanuja D Herath
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Douglas Rosendale
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John A Monro
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Juliet Ansell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Yasueda A, Mizushima T, Nezu R, Sumi R, Tanaka M, Nishimura J, Kai Y, Hirota M, Osawa H, Nakajima K, Mori M, Ito T. The effect of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI on the prevention of pouchitis and alteration of the microbiota profile in patients with ulcerative colitis. Surg Today 2015; 46:939-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ferrer Valenzuela J, Pinuer LA, García Cancino A, Bórquez Yáñez R. Metabolic Fluxes in Lactic Acid Bacteria—A Review. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2015.1027913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Larive CK, Barding GA, Dinges MM. NMR spectroscopy for metabolomics and metabolic profiling. Anal Chem 2014; 87:133-46. [PMID: 25375201 DOI: 10.1021/ac504075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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