1
|
Fang Q, Yin X, He Y, Feng Y, Zhang L, Luo H, Yin G, McNally A, Zong Z. Safety and efficacy of phage application in bacterial decolonisation: a systematic review. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e489-e499. [PMID: 38452780 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Colonisation by bacterial pathogens typically precedes invasive infection and seeds transmission. Thus, effective decolonisation strategies are urgently needed. The literature reports attempts to use phages for decolonisation. To assess the in-vivo efficacy and safety of phages for bacterial decolonisation, we performed a systematic review by identifying relevant studies to assess the in-vivo efficacy and safety of phages for bacterial decolonisation. We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles published between Jan 1, 1990, and May 12, 2023, without language restrictions. We included studies that assessed the efficacy of phage for bacterial decolonisation in humans or vertebrate animal models. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023457637. We identified 6694 articles, of which 56 (51 animal studies and five clinical reports) met the predetermined selection criteria and were included in the final analysis. The gastrointestinal tract (n=49, 88%) was the most studied bacterial colonisation site, and other sites were central venous catheters, lung, nose, skin, and urinary tract. Of the 56 included studies, the bacterial load at the colonisation site was reported to decrease significantly in 45 (80%) studies, but only five described eradication of the target bacteria. 15 studies reported the safety of phages for decolonisation. No obvious adverse events were reported in both the short-term and long-term observation period. Given the increasing life-threatening risks posed by bacteria that are difficult to treat, phages could be an alternative option for bacterial decolonisation, although further optimisation is required before their application to meet clinical needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling He
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Linwan Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Center for Pathogen Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Alan McNally
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Center for Pathogen Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bianchessi L, De Bernardi G, Vigorelli M, Dall’Ara P, Turin L. Bacteriophage Therapy in Companion and Farm Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:294. [PMID: 38666970 PMCID: PMC11047634 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, which are viruses with restricted tropism for bacteria, have been employed for over a century as antimicrobial agents; they have been largely abandoned in Western countries but are constantly used in Eastern European countries with the advent of antibiotics. In recent decades, the growing spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which pose a serious threat to worldwide public health, imposed an urgent demand for alternative therapeutic approaches to antibiotics in animal and human fields. Based on this requirement, numerous studies have been published on developing and testing bacteriophage-based therapy. Overall, the literature largely supports the potential of this perspective but also highlights the need for additional research as the current standards are inadequate to receive approval from regulatory authorities. This review aims to update and critically revise the current knowledge on the application of bacteriophages to treat bacterial-derived infectious diseases in animals in order to provide topical perspectives and innovative advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.B.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bogun K, Peh E, Meyer-Kühling B, Hartmann J, Hirnet J, Plötz M, Kittler S. Investigating bacteriophages as a novel multiple-hurdle measure against Campylobacter: field trials in commercial broiler plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3182. [PMID: 38326411 PMCID: PMC10850366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter mitigation along the food production chain is considered effective for minimizing the public health burden of human campylobacteriosis. This study is the first combining different measures in a multiple-hurdle approach, using drinking water additives and feed additives in single and combined application schemes in commercial broiler plants. Broiler chickens in the study groups were naturally contaminated with Campylobacter. Application of an organic acid blend via drinking water, consisting of sodium propionate, potassium sorbate, and sodium diacetate, resulted in significant reductions of up to 4.9 log10 CFU/mL in fecal samples and in cecal samples at slaughter. The application of a phage mixture, consisting of Fletchervirus phage NCTC 12673 and Firehammervirus phage vB_CcM-LmqsCPL1/1, resulted in reductions of up to 1.1 log10 CFU/mL in fecal samples 1 day after dosing. The sole administration of curcumin via feed resulted in small and inconsistent reductions. In the group receiving a combination of all tested measures, reductions of up to 1.1 log10 CFU/mL were observed. Based on the results of our field trials, it was shown that both the sole application and the combined application of mitigation measures in primary production can reduce the Campylobacter load in broiler chickens, while no synergism could be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bogun
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Juliane Hirnet
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chinivasagam HN, Estella W, Finn D, Mayer DG, Rodrigues H, Diallo I. Broiler farming practices using new or re-used bedding, inclusive of free-range, have no impact on Campylobacter levels, species diversity, Campylobacter community profiles and Campylobacter bacteriophages. AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:12-40. [PMID: 38525040 PMCID: PMC10955168 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A multi-stage option to address food-safety can be produced by a clearer understanding of Campylobacter's persistence through the broiler production chain, its environmental niche and its interaction with bacteriophages. This study addressed Campylobacter levels, species, genotype, bacteriophage composition/ levels in caeca, litter, soil and carcasses across commercial broiler farming practices to inform on-farm management, including interventions. Broilers were sequentially collected as per company slaughter schedules over two-years from 17 farms, which represented four commercially adopted farming practices, prior to the final bird removal (days 39-53). The practices were conventional full clean-out, conventional litter re-use, free-range-full cleanout and free-range-litter re-use. Caeca, litter and soil collected on-farm, and representative carcases collected at the processing plant, were tested for Campylobacter levels, species dominance and Campylobacter bacteriophages. General community profiling via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the flaA gene was used to establish the population relationships between various farming practices on representative Campylobacter isolates. The farming practice choices did not influence the high caeca Campylobacter levels (log 7.5 to log 8.5 CFU/g), the carcass levels (log 2.5 to log 3.2 CFU/carcass), the C. jejuni/C. coli dominance and the on-farm bacteriophage presence/levels. A principal coordinate analysis of the flaA distribution for farm and litter practices showed strong separation but no obvious farming practice related grouping of Campylobacter. Bacteriophages originated from select farms, were not practice-dependent, and were detected in the environment (litter) only if present in the birds (caeca). This multifaceted study showed no influence of farming practices on on-farm Campylobacter dynamics. The significance of this study means that a unified on-farm risk-management could be adopted irrespective of commercial practice choices to collectively address caeca Campylobacter levels, as well as the potential to include Campylobacter bacteriophage biocontrol. The impact of this study means that there are no constraints in re-using bedding or adopting free-range farming, thus contributing to environmentally sustainable (re-use) and emerging (free-range) broiler farming choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wiyada Estella
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Eco Sciences Precinct, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Damien Finn
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Eco Sciences Precinct, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David G. Mayer
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Eco Sciences Precinct, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Hugh Rodrigues
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Eco Sciences Precinct, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Diallo
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Coopers Plains QLD 4108
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi Y, Lee W, Kwon JG, Kang A, Kwak MJ, Eor JY, Kim Y. The current state of phage therapy in livestock and companion animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:57-78. [PMID: 38618037 PMCID: PMC11007465 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In a global context, bacterial diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have inflicted sustained damage on both humans and animals. Although antibiotics initially appeared to offer an easy treatment for most bacterial infections, the recent rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, stemming from antibiotic misuse, has prompted regulatory measures to control antibiotic usage. Consequently, various alternatives to antibiotics are being explored, with a particular focus on bacteriophage (phage) therapy for treating bacterial diseases in animals. Animals are broadly categorized into livestock, closely associated with human dietary habits, and companion animals, which have attracted increasing attention. This study highlights phage therapy cases targeting prominent bacterial strains in various animals. In recent years, research on bacteriophages has gained considerable attention, suggesting a promising avenue for developing alternative substances to antibiotics, particularly crucial for addressing challenging bacterial diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Woongji Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joon-Gi Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Anna Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Eor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jordá J, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Montoro-Dasi L, Marco-Fuertes A, Vega S, Marin C. Phage-Based Biosanitation Strategies for Minimizing Persistent Salmonella and Campylobacter Bacteria in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3826. [PMID: 38136863 PMCID: PMC10740442 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Control strategies to minimize pathogenic bacteria in food animal production are one of the key components in ensuring safer food for consumers. The most significant challenges confronting the food industry, particularly in the major poultry and swine sectors, are antibiotic resistance and resistance to cleaning and disinfection in zoonotic bacteria. In this context, bacteriophages have emerged as a promising tool for zoonotic bacteria control in the food industry, from animals and farm facilities to the final product. Phages are viruses that infect bacteria, with several advantages as a biocontrol agent such as high specificity, self-replication, self-limitation, continuous adaptation, low inherent toxicity and easy isolation. Their development as a biocontrol agent is of particular interest, as it would allow the application of a promising and even necessary "green" technology to combat pathogenic bacteria in the environment. However, bacteriophage applications have limitations, including selecting appropriate phages, legal restrictions, purification, dosage determination and bacterial resistance. Overcoming these limitations is crucial to enhance phage therapy's effectiveness against zoonotic bacteria in poultry. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive view of the phage-biosanitation strategies for minimizing persistent Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Jordá
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Sharma S, Tom L, Liao YT, Wu VCH. Gut Phageome-An Insight into the Role and Impact of Gut Microbiome and Their Correlation with Mammal Health and Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2454. [PMID: 37894111 PMCID: PMC10609124 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, compose a diverse mammalian gut environment and are highly associated with host health. Bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria, are the primary members of the gastrointestinal virome, known as the phageome. However, our knowledge regarding the gut phageome remains poorly understood. In this review, the critical role of the gut phageome and its correlation with mammalian health were summarized. First, an overall profile of phages across the gastrointestinal tract and their dynamic roles in shaping the surrounding microorganisms was elucidated. Further, the impacts of the gut phageome on gastrointestinal fitness and the bacterial community were highlighted, together with the influence of diets on the gut phageome composition. Additionally, new reports on the role of the gut phageome in the association of mammalian health and diseases were reviewed. Finally, a comprehensive update regarding the advanced phage benchwork and contributions of phage-based therapy to prevent/treat mammalian diseases was provided. This study provides insights into the role and impact of the gut phagenome in gut environments closely related to mammal health and diseases. The findings provoke the potential applications of phage-based diagnosis and therapy in clinical and agricultural fields. Future research is needed to uncover the underlying mechanism of phage-bacterial interactions in gut environments and explore the maintenance of mammalian health via phage-regulated gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vivian C. H. Wu
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peh E, Szott V, Reichelt B, Friese A, Rösler U, Plötz M, Kittler S. Bacteriophage cocktail application for Campylobacter mitigation - from in vitro to in vivo. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:209. [PMID: 37543585 PMCID: PMC10403930 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective strategies are urgently needed to control Campylobacteriosis, one of the most important foodborne gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Administering bacteriophages (phages) is under evaluation as a possible intervention strategy in primary poultry production to reduce the public health risk of human infection. A major challenge is the translation of results from small-scale animal studies to large broiler flocks. In this study, the in vitro lytic activity of 18 Campylobacter-specific group II phages and 19 group III phages were examined singly, and in different combinations from the same group and from both groups using a planktonic killing assay. Based on these results, a combination of phage NCTC 12,673 (group III) and vB_CcM-LmqsCPL1/1 (group II) was selected for in vivo application in a seeder bird model to study its effectiveness under conditions as close as possible to field conditions. One hundred eighty Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into a control and a treatment group. Ten days post hatch, seeder birds were orally inoculated with the C. jejuni target strain. Phages were administered via drinking water at a total concentration of 107 PFU/mL four, three, and two days before necropsy. RESULTS Combining group II and group III phages resulted in significantly higher in vitro growth inhibition against the C. jejuni target strain BfR-CA-14,430 than single application or combinations of phages from the same group. The results of the animal trial showed that the application of the two phages significantly reduced Campylobacter counts in cloacal swabs. At necropsy, Campylobacter counts in colonic content of the treatment group were significantly reduced by 2 log10 units compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that combining phages of groups II and III results in significantly increased lytic activities. The in vitro results were successfully translated into practical application in a study design close to field conditions, providing new data to apply phages in conventional broiler flocks in the future. Phage application reduced the fecal Campylobacter excretion and Campylobacter concentrations in the colon of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Szott
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Reichelt
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Rösler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bumunang EW, Zaheer R, Niu D, Narvaez-Bravo C, Alexander T, McAllister TA, Stanford K. Bacteriophages for the Targeted Control of Foodborne Pathogens. Foods 2023; 12:2734. [PMID: 37509826 PMCID: PMC10379335 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness is exacerbated by novel and emerging pathotypes, persistent contamination, antimicrobial resistance, an ever-changing environment, and the complexity of food production systems. Sporadic and outbreak events of common foodborne pathogens like Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes are increasingly identified. Methods of controlling human infections linked with food products are essential to improve food safety and public health and to avoid economic losses associated with contaminated food product recalls and litigations. Bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive additional weapon in the ongoing search for preventative measures to improve food safety and public health. However, like all other antimicrobial interventions that are being employed in food production systems, phages are not a panacea to all food safety challenges. Therefore, while phage-based biocontrol can be promising in combating foodborne pathogens, their antibacterial spectrum is generally narrower than most antibiotics. The emergence of phage-insensitive single-cell variants and the formulation of effective cocktails are some of the challenges faced by phage-based biocontrol methods. This review examines phage-based applications at critical control points in food production systems with an emphasis on when and where they can be successfully applied at production and processing levels. Shortcomings associated with phage-based control measures are outlined together with strategies that can be applied to improve phage utility for current and future applications in food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel W Bumunang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1M4, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Dongyan Niu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Trevor Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1M4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abreu R, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Cunha E, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Poultry Production: Current Status and Innovative Strategies for Bacterial Control. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040953. [PMID: 37110376 PMCID: PMC10141167 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The world population’s significant increase has promoted a higher consumption of poultry products, which must meet the specified demand while maintaining their quality and safety. It is well known that conventional antimicrobials (antibiotics) have been used in livestock production, including poultry, as a preventive measure against or for the treatment of infectious bacterial diseases. Unfortunately, the use and misuse of these compounds has led to the development and dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance, which is currently a serious public health concern. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are on the rise, being responsible for serious infections in humans and animals; hence, the goal of this review is to discuss the consequences of antimicrobial drug resistance in poultry production, focusing on the current status of this agroeconomic sector. Novel bacterial control strategies under investigation for application in this industry are also described. These innovative approaches include antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, probiotics and nanoparticles. Challenges related to the application of these methods are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Abreu
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Natural Killers: Opportunities and Challenges for the Use of Bacteriophages in Microbial Food Safety from the One Health Perspective. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030552. [PMID: 36766081 PMCID: PMC9914193 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of food or water contaminated with pathogenic bacteria may cause serious diseases. The One Health approach may help to ensure food safety by anticipating, preventing, detecting, and controlling diseases that spread between animals, humans, and the environment. This concept pays special attention to the increasing spread and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which are considered one of the most important environment-related human and animal health hazards. In this context, the development of innovative, versatile, and effective alternatives to control bacterial infections in order to assure comprehensive food microbial safety is becoming an urgent issue. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses of bacteria, have gained significance in the last years due to the request for new effective antimicrobials for the treatment of bacterial diseases, along with many other applications, including biotechnology and food safety. This manuscript reviews the application of phages in order to prevent food- and water-borne diseases from a One Health perspective. Regarding the necessary decrease in the use of antibiotics, results taken from the literature indicate that phages are also promising tools to help to address this issue. To assist future phage-based real applications, the pending issues and main challenges to be addressed shortly by future studies are also taken into account.
Collapse
|
12
|
Taha-Abdelaziz K, Singh M, Sharif S, Sharma S, Kulkarni RR, Alizadeh M, Yitbarek A, Helmy YA. Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:113. [PMID: 36677405 PMCID: PMC9866650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of food safety concern. Campylobacter jejuni infects chickens by 2-3 weeks of age and colonized chickens carry a high C. jejuni load in their gut without developing clinical disease. Contamination of meat products by gut contents is difficult to prevent because of the high numbers of C. jejuni in the gut, and the large percentage of birds infected. Therefore, effective intervention strategies to limit human infections of C. jejuni should prioritize the control of pathogen transmission along the food supply chain. To this end, there have been ongoing efforts to develop innovative ways to control foodborne pathogens in poultry to meet the growing customers' demand for poultry meat that is free of foodborne pathogens. In this review, we discuss various approaches that are being undertaken to reduce Campylobacter load in live chickens (pre-harvest) and in carcasses (post-harvest). We also provide some insights into optimization of these approaches, which could potentially help improve the pre- and post-harvest practices for better control of Campylobacter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Mankerat Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shreeya Sharma
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abd-El Wahab A, Basiouni S, El-Seedi HR, Ahmed MFE, Bielke LR, Hargis B, Tellez-Isaias G, Eisenreich W, Lehnherr H, Kittler S, Shehata AA, Visscher C. An overview of the use of bacteriophages in the poultry industry: Successes, challenges, and possibilities for overcoming breakdowns. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1136638. [PMID: 37025628 PMCID: PMC10071031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1136638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary contaminants in poultry are Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Their pathogenicity together with the widespread of these bacteria, contributes to many economic losses and poses a threat to public health. With the increasing prevalence of bacterial pathogens being resistant to most conventional antibiotics, scientists have rekindled interest in using bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents. Bacteriophage treatments have also been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry. Bacteriophages' high specificity may allow them only to target a specific bacterial pathogen in the infected animal. However, a tailor-made sophisticated cocktail of different bacteriophages could broaden their antibacterial activity in typical situations with multiple clinical strains infections. Bacteriophages may not only be used in terms of reducing bacterial contamination in animals but also, under industrial conditions, they can be used as safe disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses. Nevertheless, bacteriophage therapies have not been developed sufficiently for widespread use. Problems with resistance, safety, specificity, and long-term stability must be addressed in particular. This review highlights the benefits, challenges, and current limitations of bacteriophage applications in the poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abd-El Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Marwa F. E. Ahmed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lisa R. Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Billy Hargis
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Lehnherr
- PTC Phage Technology Center GmbH, a Part of Finktec Group, Bönen, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, An der Trift, Gödenroth, Germany
- Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis, Bönen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Awad A. Shehata,
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Christian Visscher,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vikram A, Callahan MT, Woolston JW, Sharma M, Sulakvelidze A. Phage biocontrol for reducing bacterial foodborne pathogens in produce and other foods. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102805. [PMID: 36162186 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogen contamination causes approximately 47 million cases of foodborne illness in the United States and renders thousands of pounds of food products inedible, aggravating the already dire situation of food loss. Reducing foodborne contamination not only improves overall global public health but also reduces food waste and loss. Phage biocontrol or phage-mediated reduction of bacterial foodborne pathogens in various foods has been gaining interest recently as an effective and environmentally friendly food-safety approach. Consequently, several commercial phage-based food-safety products have been developed and are increasingly implemented by the food industry in the United States. This review focuses on the use of phage biocontrol in mitigating bacterial pathogen contamination in various food products with a special emphasis on applications to fresh produce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manan Sharma
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Szott V, Peh E, Friese A, Roesler U, Kehrenberg C, Ploetz M, Kittler S. Antimicrobial effect of a drinking water additive comprising four organic acids on Campylobacter load in broilers and monitoring of bacterial susceptibility. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102209. [PMID: 36283144 PMCID: PMC9597105 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of organic acids via feed or drinking water is under discussion as a possible intervention strategy to reduce Campylobacter (C.) load in primary poultry production. A previous in vitro study showed that reduced concentrations of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid were required for antibacterial activity against Campylobacter when using a mixture of these 4 acids compared to when using the single acids. The present study aimed at determining the antibacterial efficiency of this combination in vivo as a drinking water additive for reducing shedding and intestinal C. jejuni colonization in broilers. Furthermore, we assessed whether the inoculated C. jejuni strain BfR-CA-14430 adapted in vivo to the applied organic acids. Results of this study showed that adding the organic acids consistently reduced Campylobacter loads in cloacal swabs. While significant reductions were observed within the entire study period, a maximum 2 log reduction occurred at an age of 18 d. However, after dissection at the end of the trial, no significant differences were detected in Campylobacter loads of cecal and colon contents compared to the control group. Susceptibility testing of re-isolates from cloacal swabs and cecal content revealed equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to the inoculated test strain, suggesting that C. jejuni remained susceptible throughout the trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Szott
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, 30173 Germany.
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Ploetz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, 30173 Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, 30173 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Characteristics of a novel temperate bacteriophage against Staphylococcus arlettae (vB_SarS_BM31). Int Microbiol 2022; 26:327-341. [PMID: 36336729 PMCID: PMC9638216 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus arlettae is a rarely reported coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) isolated from infected humans and livestock. Observing phage-bacteria interaction could improve the understanding of bacterial pathogenetic mechanisms, providing foundational evidence for phage therapy or phage detection. Herein, we aimed to characterise and annotate a novel bacteriophage, vB_SarS_BM31 (BM31), specific to S. arlettae. This bacteriophage was isolated from a milk sample associated with bovine mastitis and collected in the Sichuan Province, China. RESULTS The BM31 genome comprised a linear double-stranded DNA of 42,271 base pair in length with a G + C content of 34.59%. A total of 65 open reading frames (ORFs) were assembled from phage DNA, of which 29 were functionally annotated. These functional genes were divided into four modules: the structural, DNA packing and replication, lysis, and lysogeny modules. Holin (ORF25), lysin (ORF26), and integrase (ORF28) were located closely in the entire BM31 genome and were important for lyse or lysogeny cycle of BM31. The phage was identified as a temperate phage according to whole genome analysis and life cycle assay, with basic biological characteristics such as small burst size, short latency period, and narrow host range, consistent with the characteristics of the family Siphoviridae, subcluster B14 of the Staphylococcus bacteriophage. CONCLUSIONS The present isolation and characterisation of BM31 contributes to the Staphylococcus bacteriophage database and provides a theoretical foundation for its potential applications. To the best of our knowledge, BM31 is the only shared and completely reported phage against S. arlettae in the entire public database.
Collapse
|
17
|
Reichelt B, Szott V, Epping L, Semmler T, Merle R, Roesler U, Friese A. Transmission pathways of campylobacter spp. at broiler farms and their environment in Brandenburg, Germany. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982693. [PMID: 36312983 PMCID: PMC9598865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Broiler meat is widely known as an important source of foodborne Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infections in humans. In this study, we thoroughly investigated transmission pathways that may contribute to possible Campylobacter contamination inside and outside broiler houses. For this purpose we carried out a comprehensive longitudinal sampling approach, using a semi-quantitative cultivation method to identify and quantify transmissions and reservoirs of Campylobacter spp.. Three german broiler farms in Brandenburg and their surrounding areas were intensively sampled, from April 2018 until September 2020. Consecutive fattening cycles and intervening downtimes after cleaning and disinfection were systematically sampled in summer and winter. To display the potential phylogeny of barn and environmental isolates, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Results obtained in this study showed very high Campylobacter prevalence in 51/76 pooled feces (67.1%) and 49/76 boot swabs (64.5%). Average counts between 6.4 to 8.36 log10MPN/g were detected in pooled feces. In addition, levels of 4.7 and 4.1 log10MPN/g were detected in boot swabs and litter, respectively. Samples from the barn interior showed mean Campyloacter values in swabs from drinkers 2.6 log10MPN/g, walls 2.0 log10MPN/g, troughs 1.7 log10MPN/g, boards 1.6 log10MPN/g, ventilations 0.9 log10MPN/g and 0.7 log10MPN/g for air samples. However, Campylobacter was detected only in 7/456 (1.5%) of the environmental samples (water bodies, puddles or water-filled wheel tracks; average of 0.6 log10MPN/g). Furthermore, WGS showed recurring Campylobacter genotypes over several consecutive fattening periods, indicating that Campylobacter genotypes persist in the environment during downtime periods. However, after cleaning and disinfection of the barns, we were unable to identify potential sources in the broiler houses. Interestingly, alternating Campylobacter genotypes were observed after each fattening period, also indicating sources of contamination from the wider environment outside the farm. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that a potential risk of Campylobacter transmission may originate from present environmental sources (litter and water reservoirs). However, the sources of Campylobacter transmission may vary depending on the operation and farm environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Reichelt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Szott
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennard Epping
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Osei EK, Mahony J, Kenny JG. From Farm to Fork: Streptococcus suis as a Model for the Development of Novel Phage-Based Biocontrol Agents. Viruses 2022; 14:1996. [PMID: 36146802 PMCID: PMC9501460 DOI: 10.3390/v14091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of livestock threaten the sustainability of agriculture and public health through production losses and contamination of food products. While prophylactic and therapeutic application of antibiotics has been successful in managing such infections, the evolution and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains along the food chain and in the environment necessitates the development of alternative or adjunct preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the growing consumer preference for "greener" antibiotic-free food products has reinforced the need for novel and safer approaches to controlling bacterial infections. The use of bacteriophages (phages), which can target and kill bacteria, are increasingly considered as a suitable measure to reduce bacterial infections and contamination in the food industry. This review primarily elaborates on the recent veterinary applications of phages and discusses their merits and limitations. Furthermore, using Streptococcus suis as a model, we describe the prevalence of prophages and the anti-viral defence arsenal in the genome of the pathogen as a means to define the genetic building blocks that are available for the (synthetic) development of phage-based treatments. The data and approach described herein may provide a framework for the development of therapeutics against an array of bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuffour Osei
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - John G. Kenny
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bacteriophage and their lysins: A new era of biocontrol for inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in poultry processing and production—A review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
20
|
Mota-Gutierrez J, Lis L, Lasagabaster A, Nafarrate I, Ferrocino I, Cocolin L, Rantsiou K. Campylobacter spp. prevalence and mitigation strategies in the broiler production chain. Food Microbiol 2022; 104:103998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
21
|
Olson EG, Micciche AC, Rothrock MJ, Yang Y, Ricke SC. Application of Bacteriophages to Limit Campylobacter in Poultry Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:458721. [PMID: 35069459 PMCID: PMC8766974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.458721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen with over a million United States cases a year and is typically acquired through the consumption of poultry products. The common occurrence of Campylobacter as a member of the poultry gastrointestinal tract microbial community remains a challenge for optimizing intervention strategies. Simultaneously, increasing demand for antibiotic-free products has led to the development of several alternative control measures both at the farm and in processing operations. Bacteriophages administered to reduce foodborne pathogens are one of the alternatives that have received renewed interest. Campylobacter phages have been isolated from both conventionally and organically raised poultry. Isolated and cultivated Campylobacter bacteriophages have been used as an intervention in live birds to target colonized Campylobacter in the gastrointestinal tract. Application of Campylobacter phages to poultry carcasses has also been explored as a strategy to reduce Campylobacter levels during poultry processing. This review will focus on the biology and ecology of Campylobacter bacteriophages in poultry production followed by discussion on current and potential applications as an intervention strategy to reduce Campylobacter occurrence in poultry production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrew C. Micciche
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Michael J. Rothrock
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sørensen MCH, Gencay YE, Fanger F, Chichkova MAT, Mazúrová M, Klumpp J, Nielsen EM, Brøndsted L. Identification of Novel Phage Resistance Mechanisms in Campylobacter jejuni by Comparative Genomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:780559. [PMID: 34970240 PMCID: PMC8713573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages infecting Campylobacter jejuni are considered a promising intervention strategy at broiler farms, yet phage sensitivity of naturally occurring poultry isolates is not well studied. Here, we investigated phage sensitivity and identified resistance mechanisms of C. jejuni strains originating from Danish broilers belonging to the most prevalent MLST (ST) types. Determining plaque formation of 51 phages belonging to Fletchervirus or Firehammervirus showed that 21 out of 31 C. jejuni strains were susceptible to at least one phage. While C. jejuni ST-21 strains encoded the common phase variable O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) receptor of the Fletchervirus and were only infected by these phages, ST-45 strains did not encode this receptor and were exclusively infected by Firehammervirus phages. To identify internal phage resistance mechanism in ST-21 strains, we performed comparative genomics of two strains, CAMSA2002 sensitive to almost all Fletchervirus phages and CAMSA2038, resistant to all 51 phages. The strains encoded diverse clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) spacers but none matched the tested phages. Sequence divergence was also observed in a predicted SspE homolog and putative restriction modification systems including a methyl-specific McrBC endonuclease. Furthermore, when mcrB was deleted, CAMSA2038 became sensitive to 17 out of 43 phages, three being Firehammervirus phages that otherwise did not infect any ST-21 strains. Yet, 16 phages demonstrated significantly lower efficiencies of plating on the mcrB mutant suggesting additional resistance mechanism still restricting phage propagation in CAMSA2038. Thus, our work demonstrates that C. jejuni isolates originating from broilers may have acquired several resistance mechanisms to successfully prevent phage infection in their natural habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine C H Sørensen
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yilmaz Emre Gencay
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Florian Fanger
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mariana A T Chichkova
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mária Mazúrová
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jochen Klumpp
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva M Nielsen
- Foodborne Infections, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Brøndsted
- Food Safety and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Steffan SM, Shakeri G, Hammerl JA, Kehrenberg C, Peh E, Rohde M, Jackel C, Plotz M, Kittler S. Isolation and Characterization of Group III Campylobacter jejuni-Specific Bacteriophages From Germany and Their Suitability for Use in Food Production. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:761223. [PMID: 34956123 PMCID: PMC8696038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhea worldwide. While thermophilic Campylobacter species asymptomatically colonize the intestines of chickens, most human infections in industrial countries have been attributed to consumption of chicken meat or cross-contaminated products. Bacteriophages (phages) are natural predators of bacteria and their use at different stages of the food production chain has been shown to reduce the public health burden of human campylobacteriosis. However, regarding regulatory issues, the use of lytic phages in food is still under discussion and evaluation. This study aims to identify lytic phages suitable for reducing Campylobacter bacteria along the food production chain. Therefore, four of 19 recently recovered phages were further characterized in detail for their lytic efficacy against different Campylobacter field strains and their suitability under food production settings at different temperatures and pH values. Based on the results of this study, the phages vB_CjM-LmqsCP1-4 and vB_CjM-LmqsCP1-5 appear to be promising candidates for the reduction of Campylobacter jejuni in food production settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severin Michael Steffan
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Golshan Shakeri
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Jackel
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plotz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Islam MR, Martinez-Soto CE, Lin JT, Khursigara CM, Barbut S, Anany H. A systematic review from basics to omics on bacteriophage applications in poultry production and processing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-33. [PMID: 34609270 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1984200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing human population is currently facing an unprecedented challenge on global food production and sustainability. Despite recognizing poultry as one of the most successful and rapidly growing food industries to address this challenge; poultry health and safety remain major issues that entail immediate attention. Bacterial diseases including colibacillosis, salmonellosis, and necrotic enteritis have become increasingly prevalent during poultry production. Likewise, outbreaks caused by consumption of undercooked poultry products contaminated with zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria, are a serious public health concern. With antimicrobial resistance problem and restricted use of antibiotics in food producing animals, bacteriophages are increasingly recognized as an attractive natural antibacterial alternative. Bacteriophages have recently shown promising results to treat diseases in poultry, reduce contamination of carcasses, and enhance the safety of poultry products. Omics technologies have been successfully employed to accurately characterize bacteriophages and their genes/proteins important for interaction with bacterial hosts. In this review, the potential of using lytic bacteriophages to mitigate the risk of major poultry-associated bacterial pathogens are explored. This study also explores challenges associated with the adoption of this technology by industries. Furthermore, the impact of omics approaches on studying bacteriophages, their host interaction and applications is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos E Martinez-Soto
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet T Lin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cezar M Khursigara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shai Barbut
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wyszyńska AK, Godlewska R. Lactic Acid Bacteria - A Promising Tool for Controlling Chicken Campylobacter Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703441. [PMID: 34650524 PMCID: PMC8506037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, campylobacteriosis has been the most common zoonotic disease in Europe. The main reservoir of pathogenic Campylobacter strains is broilers, which makes raw and undercooked poultry meat two major sources of disease. Infection in chicken flocks is most often asymptomatic, despite a high level of colonization reaching 106-109cfu/g in animal ceca. It is widely believed that controlling the level of colonization of the birds' digestive tract by pathogenic strains is a good way to increase food safety. Many treatments have been proposed to combat or at least reduce the level of colonization in animals reservoirs: probiotics, bacteriophages, vaccines, and anti-Campylobacter bacteriocins. This review focuses on the effects of Campylobacter infection on the chicken microbiome and colonization control strategies using probiotics (mostly lactic acid bacteria, LAB), which are live microorganisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Probiotics are not only an alternative to antibiotics, which were used for years as animal growth promoters, but they also constitute an effective protective barrier against excessive colonization of the digestive system by pathogenic bacteria, including Campylobacter. Moreover, one of the many beneficial functions of probiotics is the ability to manipulate the host's microbiota. Recently, there have also been some promising attempts to use lactic acid bacteria as a delivery system of oral vaccine against Campylobacter. Recombinant LAB strains induce primarily a mucosal immune response against foreign antigens, accompanied by at most a low-level immune response against carrier strains. Since the main barrier against the invasion of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract is the intestinal mucosal membrane, the development of effective oral vaccines to protect animals against enteric infection is very reasonable.
Collapse
|
26
|
D’Angelantonio D, Scattolini S, Boni A, Neri D, Di Serafino G, Connerton P, Connerton I, Pomilio F, Di Giannatale E, Migliorati G, Aprea G. Bacteriophage Therapy to Reduce Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Chickens before Slaughter. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081428. [PMID: 34452294 PMCID: PMC8402772 DOI: 10.3390/v13081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in humans. Campybacter jejuni is the main cause of the infection, and bacterial colonization in broiler chickens is widespread and difficult to prevent, leading to high risk of occurrence in broiler meat. Phage therapy represents an alternative strategy to control Campylobacter in poultry. The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of two field-isolated bacteriophages against experimental infections with an anti-microbial resistant (AMR) Campylobacter jejuni strain. A two-step phage application was tested according to a specific combination between chickens’ rearing time and specific multiplicities of infections (MOIs), in order to reduce the Campylobacter load in the animals at slaughtering and to limit the development of phage-resistant mutants. In particular, 75 broilers were divided into three groups (A, B and C), and phages were administered to animals of groups B and C at day 38 (Φ 16-izsam) and 39 (Φ 7-izsam) at MOI 0.1 (group B) and 1 (group C). All broilers were euthanized at day 40, and Campylobacter jejuni was enumerated in cecal contents. Reductions in Campylobacter counts were statistically significant in both group B (1 log10 colony forming units (cfu)/gram (gr)) and group C (2 log10 cfu/gr), compared to the control group. Our findings provide evidence about the ability of phage therapy to reduce the Campylobacter load in poultry before slaughtering, also associated with anti-microbial resistance pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D’Angelantonio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Scattolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Arianna Boni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Diana Neri
- Local Health Unit of Ferrara (USL Ferrara), 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | | | - Philippa Connerton
- Division of Food Science, School of Bioscience, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Ian Connerton
- Division of Food Science, School of Bioscience, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK; (P.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giacomo Migliorati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (D.D.); (S.S.); (F.P.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-33-2-469
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A One Health Perspective on a Multi-hurdle Approach to Combat Campylobacter spp. in Broiler Meat. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
28
|
Hassan AY, Lin JT, Ricker N, Anany H. The Age of Phage: Friend or Foe in the New Dawn of Therapeutic and Biocontrol Applications? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:199. [PMID: 33670836 PMCID: PMC7997343 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended overuse and misuse of antibiotics and other antibacterial agents has resulted in an antimicrobial resistance crisis. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, have emerged as a legitimate alternative antibacterial agent with a wide scope of applications which continue to be discovered and refined. However, the potential of some bacteriophages to aid in the acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of negatively associated bacterial genes, including resistance and virulence genes, through transduction is of concern and requires deeper understanding in order to be properly addressed. In particular, their ability to interact with mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, genomic islands, and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) enables bacteriophages to contribute greatly to bacterial evolution. Nonetheless, bacteriophages have the potential to be used as therapeutic and biocontrol agents within medical, agricultural, and food processing settings, against bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm environments. Additionally, bacteriophages have been deployed in developing rapid, sensitive, and specific biosensors for various bacterial targets. Intriguingly, their bioengineering capabilities show great promise in improving their adaptability and effectiveness as biocontrol and detection tools. This review aims to provide a balanced perspective on bacteriophages by outlining advantages, challenges, and future steps needed in order to boost their therapeutic and biocontrol potential, while also providing insight on their potential role in contributing to bacterial evolution and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Y. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Janet T. Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kittler S, Steffan S, Peh E, Plötz M. Phage Biocontrol of Campylobacter: A One Health Approach. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 431:127-168. [PMID: 33620651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human infections by Campylobacter species are among the most reported bacterial gastrointestinal diseases in the European Union and worldwide with severe outcomes in rare cases. Considering the transmission routes and farm animal reservoirs of these zoonotic pathogens, a comprehensive One Health approach will be necessary to reduce human infection rates. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect certain bacterial genera, species, strains or isolates. Multiple studies have demonstrated the general capacity of phage treatments to reduce Campylobacter loads in the chicken intestine. However, phage treatments are not yet approved for extensive use in the agro-food industry in Europe. Technical inconvenience is mainly related to the efficacy of phages, depending on the optimal choice of phages and their combination, as well as application route, concentration and timing. Additionally, regulatory uncertainties have been a major concern for investment in commercial phage-based products. This review addresses the question as to how phages can be put into practice and can help to solve the issue of human campylobacteriosis in a sustainable One Health approach. By compiling the reported findings from the literature in a standardized manner, we enabled inter-experimental comparisons to increase our understanding of phage infection in Campylobacter spp. and practical on-farm studies. Further, we address some of the hurdles that still must be overcome before this new methodology can be adapted on an industrial scale. We envisage that phage treatment can become an integrated and standardized part of a multi-hurdle anti-bacterial strategy in food production. The last part of this chapter deals with some of the issues raised by legal authorities, bringing together current knowledge on Campylobacter-specific phages and the biosafety requirements for approval of phage treatment in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Severin Steffan
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pumtang-on P, Mahony TJ, Hill RA, Vanniasinkam T. A Systematic Review of Campylobacter jejuni Vaccine Candidates for Chickens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:397. [PMID: 33671947 PMCID: PMC7919041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni infection linked to the consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the leading causes of human enteric illness worldwide. Vaccination of chickens is one of the potential strategies that could be used to control C. jejuni colonization. To date, various C. jejuni vaccines using potential antigens have been evaluated, but a challenge in identifying the most effective formulation is the wide variability in vaccine efficacies reported. A systematic review was undertaken to compare C. jejuni vaccine studies. Based upon specific selection criteria eligible papers were identified and included in the analysis. Vaccine efficacy reported from different C. jejuni antigens, vaccine types, and vaccination regimens reported in these papers were reviewed. Our analysis shows that total outer membrane proteins and cysteine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were among the most efficacious vaccine antigen candidates reported. This review also highlights the importance of the need for increased consistency in the way C. jejuni vaccine studies in poultry are designed and reported in order to be able to undertake a robust comparison of C. jejuni vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pongthorn Pumtang-on
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Timothy J. Mahony
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Rodney A. Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Thiru Vanniasinkam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hakeem MJ, Lu X. Survival and Control of Campylobacter in Poultry Production Environment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:615049. [PMID: 33585282 PMCID: PMC7879573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.615049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are Gram-negative, motile, and non-spore-forming bacteria with a unique helical shape that changes to filamentous or coccoid as an adaptive response to environmental stresses. The relatively small genome (1.6 Mbp) of Campylobacter with unique cellular and molecular physiology is only understood to a limited extent. The overall strict requirement of this fastidious microorganism to be either isolated or cultivated in the laboratory settings make itself to appear as a weak survivor and/or an easy target to be inactivated in the surrounding environment of poultry farms, such as soil, water source, dust, surfaces and air. The survival of this obligate microaerobic bacterium from poultry farms to slaughterhouses and the final poultry products indicates that Campylobacter has several adaptive responses and/or environmental niches throughout the poultry production chain. Many of these adaptive responses remain puzzles. No single control method is yet known to fully address Campylobacter contamination in the poultry industry and new intervention strategies are required. The aim of this review article is to discuss the transmission, survival, and adaptation of Campylobacter species in the poultry production environments. Some approved and novel control methods against Campylobacter species throughout the poultry production chain will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J Hakeem
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ben Romdhane R, Merle R. The Data Behind Risk Analysis of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 431:25-58. [PMID: 33620647 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are major causes of food-borne enteritis in humans. Poultry meat is known to be responsible for a large proportion of cases of human campylobacteriosis. However, other food-borne, environmental and animal sources are frequently associated with the disease in humans as well. Human campylobacteriosis causes gastroenteritis that in most cases is self-limiting. Nevertheless, the burden of the disease is relatively large compared with other food-borne diseases, which is mostly due to rare but long-lasting symptoms related to immunological sequelae. In order to pave the way to improved surveillance and control of human campylobacteriosis, we review here the data that is typically used for risk analysis to quantify the risk and disease burden, identify specific surveillance strategies and assist in choosing the most effective control strategies. Such data are mostly collected from the literature, and their nature is discussed here, for each of the three processes that are essential for a complete risk analysis procedure: risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. Of these, the first, risk assessment, is most dependent on data, and this process is subdivided into the steps of hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. For each of these steps of risk assessment, information from published material that is typically collected will be summarized here. In addition, surveillance data are highly valuable for risk assessments. Different surveillance systems are employed in different countries, which can make international comparison of data challenging. Risk analysis typically results in targeted control strategies, and these again differ between countries. The applied control strategies are as yet not sufficient to eradicate human campylobacteriosis. The surveillance tools of Campylobacter in humans and exposure sources in place in different countries are briefly reviewed to better understand the Campylobacter dynamics and guide control strategies. Finally, the available control measures on different risk factors and exposure sources are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Racem Ben Romdhane
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Premaratne A, Zhang H, Wang R, Chinivasagam N, Billington C. Phage Biotechnology to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58259-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
34
|
Alter T, Reich F. Management Strategies for Prevention of Campylobacter Infections Through the Poultry Food Chain: A European Perspective. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 431:79-102. [PMID: 33620649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies point out that at present, a complete elimination of Campylobacter species in the poultry food chain is not feasible. Thus, the current aim should be to establish control measures and intervention strategies to minimize the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in livestock (esp. poultry flocks) and to reduce the quantitative Campylobacter burden along the food chain in animals and subsequently in foods. The most effective measures to mitigate Campylobacter focus on the primary production stage. Nevertheless, measures applied during slaughter and processing complement the general meat hygiene approaches by reducing fecal contamination during slaughtering and processing and as a consequence help to reduce Campylobacter in poultry meat. Such intervention measures at slaughter and processing level would include general hygienic improvements, technological innovations and/or decontamination measures that are applied at single slaughter or processing steps. In particular, approaches that do not focus on a single intervention measure would need to be based on a thorough process of evaluation, and potential combinatory effects have to be modeled and tested. Finally, the education of all stakeholders (including retailers, food handlers and consumers) is required and will help to increase awareness for the presence of foodborne pathogens in raw meat and meat products and can thus aid in the development of the required good kitchen hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Alter
- Center for Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Koenigsweg 69, Berlin, 14163, Germany.
| | - Felix Reich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ssekatawa K, Byarugaba DK, Kato CD, Wampande EM, Ejobi F, Tweyongyere R, Nakavuma JL. A review of phage mediated antibacterial applications. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2020.1851441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ssekatawa
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi
- African Center of Excellence in Materials Product Development and Nanotechnology (MAPRONANO ACE), College of Engineering Design Art and Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K. Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles D. Kato
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie M. Wampande
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Ejobi
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Tweyongyere
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jesca L. Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Djurhuus AM, Carstens AB, Neve H, Kot W, Hansen LH. Two New Dickeya dadantii Phages with Odd Growth Patterns Expand the Diversity of Phages Infecting Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:251-259. [DOI: 10.1089/phage.2020.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaru Miranda Djurhuus
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alexander Byth Carstens
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Horst Neve
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Kiel, Germany
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dai L, Sahin O, Grover M, Zhang Q. New and alternative strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter. Transl Res 2020; 223:76-88. [PMID: 32438073 PMCID: PMC7423705 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is an enteric pathogen and a leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. It is widely distributed in food animal species and is transmitted to humans primarily through the foodborne route. While generally causing self-limited diarrhea in humans, Campylobacter may induce severe or systemic infections in immunocompromised or young/elderly patients, which often requires antibiotic therapy with the first-line antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and macrolides. Over the past decades, Campylobacter has acquired resistance to these clinically significant antibiotics, compromising the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. To address this concern, many studies have been conducted to advance novel and alternative measures to control antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in animal reservoirs and in the human host. Although some of these undertakings have yielded promising results, efficacious and reliable alternative approaches are yet to be developed. In this review article, we will describe Campylobacter-associated disease spectrums and current treatment options, discuss the state of antibiotic resistance and alternative therapies, and provide an evaluation of various approaches that are being developed to control Campylobacter infections in animal reservoirs and the human host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States 50011
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States 55902
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nastasijevic I, Proscia F, Boskovic M, Glisic M, Blagojevic B, Sorgentone S, Kirbis A, Ferri M. The European Union control strategy for
Campylobacter
spp. in the broiler meat chain. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Boskovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milica Glisic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Bojan Blagojevic
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Veterinary Medicine University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | | | - Andrej Kirbis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Maurizio Ferri
- Italian Society of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Soro AB, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Tiwari BK. Strategies and novel technologies to control Campylobacter in the poultry chain: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1353-1377. [PMID: 33337085 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide causing economic costs. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat is a result of several contamination and cross-contamination sources through the production chain. Moreover, survival mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, viable but nonculturable state, and antimicrobial resistance, enable its persistence during food processing. Therefore, mitigation strategies are necessary in order to avoid and/or inactivate Campylobacter at farm, abattoir, industry, and retail level. In this review, a number of potential strategies and novel technologies that could reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat have been identified and evaluated to provide a useful overview. At farm level for instance, biosecurity, bacteriocins, probiotics, feed and water additives, bacteriophages, and vaccination could potentially reduce colonization in chicken flocks. However, current technologies used in the chicken slaughter and processing industry may be less effective against this foodborne pathogen. Novel technologies and strategies such as cold plasma, ultraviolet light, high-intensity light pulses, pulsed electric fields, antimicrobials, and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed in this review for reducing Campylobacter contamination. Although these measures have achieved promising results, most have not been integrated within processing operations due to a lack of knowledge or an unwillingness to implement these into existing processing systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing and novel strategies might be required to decrease the prevalence of this pathogen in poultry meat and enhance food safety. Therefore, further research will be essential to assess the effectiveness of all these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chinivasagam HN, Estella W, Maddock L, Mayer DG, Weyand C, Connerton PL, Connerton IF. Bacteriophages to Control Campylobacter in Commercially Farmed Broiler Chickens, in Australia. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:632. [PMID: 32395115 PMCID: PMC7197261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the development and use of bacteriophage cocktails to control Campylobacter in broiler chickens, in a commercial setting, in Queensland Australia, following the birds from farm to the processing plant. The components of the bacteriophage cocktails were selected to be effective against the maximum number of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates encountered on SE Queensland farms. Farms were identified that had suitable Campylobacter target populations and phage were undetectable 1 week prior to the intended treatment. Cocktails of phages were administered at 47 days of age. Groups of study birds were slaughtered the following day, on-farm, at the end of flock transport to the plant, and at processing (approximately 28 h post-treatment). On Farm A, the phage treatment significantly reduced Campylobacter levels in the ceca at the farm in the range of 1-3 log10 CFU/g (p = 0.007), compared to mock treated controls. However, individual birds sampled on farm (1/10) or following transport (2/10) exhibited high cecal Campylobacter counts with low phage titers, suggesting that treatment periods > 24 h may be required to ensure phage replication for effective biocontrol in vivo. At the time of the trial the control birds in Farm B were phage positive despite having been negative one week earlier. There was no significant difference in the cecal Campylobacter counts between the treatment and control groups following treatment but a fall of 1.7 log10 CFU/g was observed from that determined from birds collected the previous week (p = 0.0004). Campylobacter isolates from both farms retained sensitivity to the treatment phages. These trials demonstrated bacteriophages sourced from Queensland farms have the potential to reduce intestinal Campylobacter levels in market ready broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene N. Chinivasagam
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wiyada Estella
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lance Maddock
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David G. Mayer
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Caitlin Weyand
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Phillippa L. Connerton
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian F. Connerton
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kittler S, Mengden R, Korf IHE, Bierbrodt A, Wittmann J, Plötz M, Jung A, Lehnherr T, Rohde C, Lehnherr H, Klein G, Kehrenberg C. Impact of Bacteriophage-Supplemented Drinking Water on the E. coli Population in the Chicken Gut. Pathogens 2020; 9:E293. [PMID: 32316373 PMCID: PMC7238078 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among intestinal coliform microbes in the broiler gut, there are potentially pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli that can cause avian colibacillosis. The treatment with antibiotics favors the selection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and an alternative to this treatment is urgently required. A chicken model of intestinal colonization with an apathogenic model strain of E. coli was used to test if oral phage application can prevent or reduce the gut colonization of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli variants in two individual experiments. The E. coli strain E28 was used as a model strain, which could be differentiated from other E. coli strains colonizing the broiler gut, and was susceptible to all cocktail phages applied. In the first trial, a mixture of six phages was continuously applied via drinking water. No reduction of the model E. coli strain E28 occurred, but phage replication could be demonstrated. In the second trial, the applied mixture was limited to the four phages, which showed highest efficacy in vitro. E. coli colonization was reduced in this trial, but again, no reduction of the E. coli strain E28 was observed. The results of the trials presented here can improve the understanding of the effect of phages on single strains in the multi-strain microbiota of the chicken gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ruth Mengden
- Food Inspection, Animal Welfare and Veterinary Service of the Land of Bremen, Border Control Post Bremerhaven, Senator-Borttscheller-Straße 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Imke H. E. Korf
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.H.E.K.); (J.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Anna Bierbrodt
- Institute for Hazardous Materials Research, Waldring 97, 44789 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Johannes Wittmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.H.E.K.); (J.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Tatiana Lehnherr
- PTC Phage Technology Center GmbH, Siemensstraße 42, 59199 Bönen, Germany; (T.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Christine Rohde
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.H.E.K.); (J.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Hansjörg Lehnherr
- PTC Phage Technology Center GmbH, Siemensstraße 42, 59199 Bönen, Germany; (T.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Günter Klein
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Straße 92, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Alter T, Crotta M, Ellis‐Iversen J, Hempen M, Messens W, Chemaly M. Update and review of control options for Campylobacter in broilers at primary production. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06090. [PMID: 32874298 PMCID: PMC7448041 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2011 EFSA opinion on Campylobacter was updated using more recent scientific data. The relative risk reduction in EU human campylobacteriosis attributable to broiler meat was estimated for on-farm control options using Population Attributable Fractions (PAF) for interventions that reduce Campylobacter flock prevalence, updating the modelling approach for interventions that reduce caecal concentrations and reviewing scientific literature. According to the PAF analyses calculated for six control options, the mean relative risk reductions that could be achieved by adoption of each of these six control options individually are estimated to be substantial but the width of the confidence intervals of all control options indicates a high degree of uncertainty in the specific risk reduction potentials. The updated model resulted in lower estimates of impact than the model used in the previous opinion. A 3-log10 reduction in broiler caecal concentrations was estimated to reduce the relative EU risk of human campylobacteriosis attributable to broiler meat by 58% compared to an estimate larger than 90% in the previous opinion. Expert Knowledge Elicitation was used to rank control options, for weighting and integrating different evidence streams and assess uncertainties. Medians of the relative risk reductions of selected control options had largely overlapping probability intervals, so the rank order was uncertain: vaccination 27% (90% probability interval (PI) 4-74%); feed and water additives 24% (90% PI 4-60%); discontinued thinning 18% (90% PI 5-65%); employing few and well-trained staff 16% (90% PI 5-45%); avoiding drinkers that allow standing water 15% (90% PI 4-53%); addition of disinfectants to drinking water 14% (90% PI 3-36%); hygienic anterooms 12% (90% PI 3-50%); designated tools per broiler house 7% (90% PI 1-18%). It is not possible to quantify the effects of combined control activities because the evidence-derived estimates are inter-dependent and there is a high level of uncertainty associated with each.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ushanov L, Lasareishvili B, Janashia I, Zautner AE. Application of Campylobacter jejuni Phages: Challenges and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E279. [PMID: 32054081 PMCID: PMC7070343 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant and diverse biological entities in the biosphere. Due to the rise of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains during the past decade, phages are currently experiencing a renewed interest. Bacteriophages and their derivatives are being actively researched for their potential in the medical and biotechnology fields. Phage applications targeting pathogenic food-borne bacteria are currently being utilized for decontamination and therapy of live farm animals and as a biocontrol measure at the post-harvest level. For this indication, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several phage products targeting Listeria sp., Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. Phage-based applications against Campylobacter jejuni could potentially be used in ways similar to those against Salmonella sp. and Listeria sp.; however, only very few Campylobacter phage products have been approved anywhere to date. The research on Campylobacter phages conducted thus far indicates that highly diverse subpopulations of C. jejuni as well as phage isolation and enrichment procedures influence the specificity and efficacy of Campylobacter phages. This review paper emphasizes conclusions from previous findings instrumental in facilitating isolation of Campylobacter phages and improving specificity and efficacy of the isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Ushanov
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia; (L.U.); (B.L.)
| | - Besarion Lasareishvili
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia; (L.U.); (B.L.)
| | - Irakli Janashia
- Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Andreas E. Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Clavijo V, Baquero D, Hernandez S, Farfan JC, Arias J, Arévalo A, Donado-Godoy P, Vives-Flores M. Phage cocktail SalmoFREE® reduces Salmonella on a commercial broiler farm. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5054-5063. [PMID: 31073590 PMCID: PMC6748741 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic foodborne pathogens. Poultry products are thought to be the main source of Salmonella, which means that it is necessary to control Salmonella at the pre-harvest stage. Bacteriophages, acting as host-specific parasites of bacterial cells, represent one of the alternatives to antibiotics that can contribute to food safety and security. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of the bacteriophage cocktail SalmoFREE® to control Salmonella on a commercial broiler farm. We assessed the relationship between the use of SalmoFREE® and productivity parameters (feed conversion, weight gain, homogeneity). Two field trials (trial 1 n = 34,986; trial 2 n = 34,680) were carried out under commercial rearing conditions on a Colombian broiler farm with a record of Salmonella presence. Each trial comprised 2 control chicken houses and 2 experimental ones. SalmoFREE® and a control suspension were delivered in the drinking water at 3 time points in the production cycle, and the presence of Salmonella was assessed in cloacal swabs the day before and after the treatments. Results revealed that SalmoFREE® controls the incidence of Salmonella and does not affect the animals nor the production parameters, demonstrating its efficacy and innocuity at the production scale. We detected phage-specific genes in samples of total DNA extracted from ceca after the treatment with SalmoFREE®, and tested for the appearance of cocktail-resistant Salmonella, which showed to be an uncommon event. These results contribute relevant information to the adoption of phage therapy as an alternative to growth-promoter antibiotics on poultry farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Clavijo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - D Baquero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - S Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - J C Farfan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - J Arias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - A Arévalo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, 250047, Colombia
| | - P Donado-Godoy
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, 250047, Colombia
| | - M Vives-Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Carrigy NB, Liang L, Wang H, Kariuki S, Nagel TE, Connerton IF, Vehring R. Spray-dried anti-Campylobacter bacteriophage CP30A powder suitable for global distribution without cold chain infrastructure. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118601. [PMID: 31394183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illness globally. In this study, a spray drying and packaging process was developed to produce a thermally-stable dry powder containing bacteriophages that retains biological activity against C. jejuni after long distance shipping at ambient temperature. Spray drying using a twin-fluid atomizer resulted in significantly less (p < 0.05) titer reduction than spray drying using a vibrating mesh nebulizer. The use of centrifugation and dilution of filtered bacteriophage lysate in the formulation step resulted in a significantly greater (p < 0.05) proportion of bacteriophages remaining active relative to use of no centrifugation and dilution. The spray-dried bacteriophage powder generated using leucine and trehalose as excipients was flowable, non-cohesive, and exhibited a high manufacturing yield. The powder retained its titer with no significant differences (p > 0.05) in biological activity after storage in suitable packaging for at least 3 weeks at room temperature and after ambient temperature shipping a total distance of approximately 19,800 km, including with a 38 °C temperature excursion. The bacteriophage powder therefore appears suitable for global distribution without the need for cold chain infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Carrigy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lu Liang
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenyan Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Ian F Connerton
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Richards PJ, Connerton PL, Connerton IF. Phage Biocontrol of Campylobacter jejuni in Chickens Does Not Produce Collateral Effects on the Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:476. [PMID: 30930877 PMCID: PMC6423408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage biocontrol to reduce Campylobacter jejuni levels in chickens can reduce human exposure and disease acquired through the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Investigating changes in the chicken microbiota during phage treatment has not previously been undertaken but is crucial to understanding the system-wide effects of such treatments to establish a sustainable application. A phage cocktail containing two virulent Campylobacter phages was used to treat broiler chickens colonized with C. jejuni HPC5. Campylobacter counts from cecal contents were significantly reduced throughout the experimental period but were most effective 2 days post-treatment showing a reduction of 2.4 log10 CFU g-1 relative to mock-treated Campylobacter colonized controls. The administered phages replicated in vivo to establish stable populations. Bacteriophage predation of C. jejuni was not found to affect the microbiota structure but selectively reduced the relative abundance of C. jejuni without affecting other bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian F. Connerton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Campylobacter Phage Isolation and Characterization: What We Have Learned So Far. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2010018. [PMID: 31164600 PMCID: PMC6481058 DOI: 10.3390/mps2010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lytic Campylobacter phages, which can be used to combat this pathogen in animals and on food products, have been studied for more than 30 years. Though, due to some peculiarities of the phages, which hampered their isolation and particularly their molecular analysis for a long time, progress in this research field was rather slow. Meanwhile, the situation has changed and much more is known about the biology and genetics of those phages. In this article, we address specific issues that should be considered when Campylobacter phages are studied, starting with the isolation and propagation of the phages and ending with a thorough characterization including whole-genome sequencing. The basis for advice and recommendations given here is a careful review of the scientific literature and experiences that we have had ourselves with Campylobacter phages.
Collapse
|
49
|
Modified Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Proteins for Labeling, Immobilization, Capture, and Detection of Bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1918:67-86. [PMID: 30580400 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9000-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A critical component of bacterial detection assays is choosing a suitable affinity molecule that retains sensitivity and specificity for the target pathogen over a wide range of in situ applications. Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses that bind and infect their host cells with unmatched specificity. Phage host range is often determined by their long tail fibers (LTFs) that mediate adsorption of the virus particle to potential bacterial host cells, by binding to specific cell surface receptors. The inherent specificity of the LTFs for distinct bacterial species makes them ideal candidates for development into recombinant affinity molecules. In this chapter, we describe the development of the Salmonella phage S16 LTF (S16 LTF) into an affinity molecule as part of a novel assay to detect Salmonella cells. The enzyme-linked long tail fiber assay (ELLTA) involves two steps: (1) Immobilization and separation of Salmonella cells using S16 LTF-coated paramagnetic beads (LTF-MBs), and (2) Labeling of bead-captured Salmonella using horseradish peroxidase-conjugated S16 LTF (HRP-LTF). Rapid HRP-mediated conversion of a chromogenic substrate provides visual confirmation for the presence of Salmonella. Overall, the ELLTA assay requires as little as 2 h to detect as few as 102 cfu/ml Salmonella cells from liquid culture. The absorbance of the enzyme-generated color substrate is largely proportional to the present bacterial concentrations between 102 and 107 cfu/ml, providing semiquantitative determination of Salmonella cell counts. The methodology described in this chapter can be adapted for other phage receptor-binding proteins, to develop ELLTAs for the detection of other relevant bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wales AD, Vidal AB, Davies RH, Rodgers JD. Field Interventions Against Colonization of Broilers by Campylobacter. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:167-188. [PMID: 33337018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poultry accounts for a high proportion of human campylobacteriosis cases, and the problem of Campylobacter colonization of broiler flocks has proven to be intractable. Owing to their broad host range and genetic instability, Campylobacter organisms are ubiquitous and adaptable in the broiler farm environment, colonizing birds heavily and spreading rapidly after introduction into a flock. This review examines strategies to prevent or suppress such colonization, with a heavy emphasis on field investigations. Attempts to exclude Campylobacter via enhanced biosecurity and hygiene measures have met with mixed success. Reasons for this are becoming better understood as investigations focus on houses, ventilation, biosecurity practices, external operators, and compliance, among other factors. It is evident that piecemeal approaches are likely to fail. Complementary measures include feed and drinking water treatments applied in either preventive or suppressive modes using agents including organic acids and their derivatives, also litter treatments, probiotics, prebiotics, and alterations to diet. Some treatments aim to reduce the number of Campylobacter organisms entering abattoirs by suppressing intestinal colonization just before slaughter; these include acid water treatment or administration of bacteriophages or bacteriocins. Experimental vaccines historically have had little success, but some recent subunit vaccines show promise. Overall, there is wide variation in the control achieved, and consistency and harmonization of trials is needed to enable robust evaluation. There is also some potential to breed for resistance to Campylobacter. Good and consistent control of flock colonization by Campylobacter may require an as-yet undetermined combination of excellent biosecurity plus complementary measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Wales
- Dept. of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Univ. of Surrey, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7AL, U.K
| | - Ana B Vidal
- Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Antimicrobial Resistance Policy and Surveillance Team, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3LS, U.K
| | - Robert H Davies
- Dept. of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA - Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, U.K
| | - John D Rodgers
- Dept. of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, U.K
| |
Collapse
|