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Zhu Y, Wang H, Li J, Wang Z, Wang Y. Metabolic Profiles and Microbial Synergy Mechanism of Anammox Biomass Enrichment and Membrane Fouling Alleviation in the Anammox Dynamic Membrane Bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6284-6295. [PMID: 38488464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The anammox dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) is promising in applications with enhanced anammox biomass enrichment and fouling alleviation. However, the metabolic mechanism underlying the functional features of anammox sludge and the biofilm membrane is still obscure. We investigated the metabolic networks of anammox sludge and membrane biofilm in the DMBR. The cooperation between anammox and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium processes favored the robust anammox process in the DMBR. The rapid bacterial growth occurred in the DMBR sludge with 1.33 times higher biomass yield compared to the MBR sludge, linked to the higher activities of lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and B vitamin-related metabolism of the DMBR sludge. The metabolism of the DMBR biofilm microbial community benefited the fouling alleviation that the abundant fermentative bacteria and their cooperation with the anammox sludge microbial community promoted organics degradation. The intensified degradation of foulants by the DMBR biofilm community was further evidenced by the active carbohydrate metabolism and the upregulated vitamin B intermediates in the biofilms of the DMBR. Our findings provide insights into key metabolic mechanisms for enhanced biomass enrichment and fouling control of the anammox DMBR, guiding manipulations and applications for overcoming anammox biomass loss in the treatment of wastewater under detrimental environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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Chen H, Ye Q, Wang X, Sheng J, Yu X, Zhao S, Zou X, Zhang W, Xue G. Applying sludge hydrolysate as a carbon source for biological denitrification after composition optimization via red soil filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120909. [PMID: 38006788 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Sludge hydrolysate, the byproduct generated during sludge hydrothermal treatment (HT), is a potential carbon source for biological denitrification. However, the refractory organic matters and the nutrient substances are unfavorable to the nitrogen removal. In this study, effects of HT conditions on the hydrolysate properties, and the hydrolysate compositions optimization via red soil (RS) filtration were investigated. At HT temperature of 160-220 °C and reaction time of 1-4 h, the highest dissolution rate of organics from sludge to hydrolysate achieved 70.1 %, while the acetic acid dominated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was no more than 5.0 % of the total organic matter content. The NH4+-N and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were the main nitrogen species in hydrolysate. When the hydrolysate was filtered by RS, the high molecular weight organic matters, DON, NH4+ and PO43- were effectively retained by RS, while VFAs and polysaccharide favorable for denitrification were kept in the filtrate. When providing same COD as the carbon source, the filtrate group (Fi-Group) introduced lower concentrations of TN and humic substances but higher content of VFAs. This resulted in TN removal rate (57.0 %) and denitrification efficiency (93.6 %) in Fi-Group higher than those in hydrolysate group (Hy-Group), 39.4 % and 83.7 %, respectively. It is noticeable that both Hy- and Fi- Groups up-regulated most of denitrification functional genes, and increased the richness and diversity of denitrifying bacteria. Also, more denitrifying bacteria genera appeared, and their relative abundance increased significantly from 3.31 % in Control to 21.15 % in Hy- Group and 31.31 % in Fi-Group. This indicates that the filtrate is a more suitable carbon source for denitrification than hydrolysate. Moreover, the pH rose from 4.6 ± 0.14 to 6.5 ± 0.05, and the organic carbon, TN, TP and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of RS increased as well after being filtered, implying that the trapped compounds may have the potential to improve soil quality. This study provides a new insight for hydrolysate application according to its composition characteristics, and helps make the most use of wasted sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China; Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110044, PR China; School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji'an, 343009, PR China
| | - Qinhui Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xiulan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Shiyi Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji'an, 343009, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110044, PR China
| | - Gang Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
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Jia Z, Yuan Q, Roots P, Sabba F, Rosenthal AF, Kozak JA, Wells GF. Partial Nitritation/Anammox and biological phosphorus removal integration in a single bioreactor under mainstream conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128714. [PMID: 36754238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anammox-based nitrogen removal and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) are increasingly applied for nutrient removal from wastewater, but are typically operated in separate reactors. Here, a novel process for integrated partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) and EBPR in a single reactor employing integrated fixed film activated sludge was tested. The reactor was fed with mainstream municipal wastewater (5.4 ± 1.3 g COD/g N) at 20 °C for 243 days. Robust ammonium, total inorganic nitrogen, and orthophosphate removal efficiencies of 94 ± 4 %, 87 ± 7 % and 92 ± 7 % were achieved. Nitrite-oxidizing organisms suppression and ammonia-oxidizing organisms retention were achieved via solids retention time control, intermittent aeration, and suspended versus attached biomass population segregation. The contribution of anammox to nitrogen removal increased from 24 % to 74 %. In parallel, a substantial enrichment of Tetrasphaera polyphosphate accumulating organisms was observed. This work demonstrates a novel intensified bioprocess coupling PN/A and EBPR in the same reactor for efficient nutrient removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Paul Roots
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Fabrizio Sabba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Black & Veatch, KS, USA
| | - Alex F Rosenthal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Joseph A Kozak
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL 60804, USA
| | - George F Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Loria MH, Griffin JS, Wells GF, Rhoads KR. Effects of feast-famine nutrient regimes on wastewater algal biofuel communities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279943. [PMID: 36598899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate lipids in response to nutrient deprivation, and these lipids are a biodiesel fuel stock. Algal cultivation with secondary wastewater effluent is one proposed platform for biofuel production, which provides nutrients to algae while further polishing wastewater effluent. Algal bioreactors were tested using a feast-famine feeding regiment in simulated secondary wastewater effluent to evaluate the effects on lipid content and algal community structure. Algal polycultures were inoculated into reactors fed with synthetic secondary wastewater effluent at pH 7.5 and 9 and operated under a feast-famine nutrient (N, P, and BOD) supply regime in sequencing batch reactors. Fatty acid methyl ester contents of the reactors were assessed, which showed a decrease in lipid content after the feast-famine cycling (from 12.2% initially to 5.2% after four cycles at pH 9). This decrease in lipid content was not correlated with an increase in carbohydrate storage within biomass, nor an increase in bacterial biomass abundance relative to algal biomass in the reactors. The eukaryotic microbial communities from reactors operated at pH 9 diverged from reactors operated at pH 7.5 during cycling, with the pH 9 reactors becoming dominated by a single Operational Taxonomic Unit aligning to the Scenedesmus genus. These results suggest that high pH and feast-famine nutrient cycling may select for a less diverse algal community with a lower lipid content within a secondary wastewater polishing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Loria
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James S Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - George F Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kurt R Rhoads
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Li W, Yue H, Zhang C, Hu J, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhang S, Chen J, Zhao J. Engineering multiscale polypyrrole/carbon nanotubes interface to boost electron utilization in a bioelectrochemical system coupled with chemical absorption for NO removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134943. [PMID: 35569635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical absorption-bioelectrochemical reduction (CABER) integrated system provides an alternative of good potential for NO removal. The efficient utilization of cathode electrons directly determines the system performance and operating cost. Herein, we synthesize a polypyrrole/carbon nanotubes (PPy/CNTs) composite to engineer a micro-and nanoscale interface with low resistance and high biocompatibility between the cathode and biofilms in the CABER system. The resulting PPy/CNTs biocathodes exhibit 36.4% increase in biomass density, 40.7%-302.6% increase in Faraday efficiency along Fe(III)EDTA reduction, and 204% increase in Fe(II)EDTA-NO reduction rate. The enrichment of functional microorganisms is validated to be a key strengthening factor, as the proportion of which increased from 57.9% to 84.6%. Moreover, for efficient electron transfer and utilization, a low-resistance electron transfer route, "electrode substrate → PPy (→ CNTs) → microbial cells → Fe(III)EDTA or Fe(II)EDTA-NO", is realized in the multiscale conductive networks constructed of PPy/CNTs composite and microbial nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Huanyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Junyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jingkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Guo HG, Li Q, Wang LL, Chen QL, Hu HW, Cheng DJ, He JZ. Semi-solid state promotes the methane production during anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure with corn straw comparison to wet and high-solid state. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115264. [PMID: 35569359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Total solid content (TS) is an important factor for biogas production during anaerobic digestion. In this study, we explored the influence of different TS (5% wet, 15% semi-solid and 25% solid state) on the relative cumulative methane production (RCMP) during anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure with corn straw. Results showed that total ammonium nitrogen and free ammonia nitrogen concentration increased with the increase of TS. Ammonium nitrogen in treatments at 15% TS was 2.25-2.76 times as high as that at 5% TS, which was below 3 times. The highest chemical oxygen demand removal and RCMP were obtained in the treatment of 15% TS with a ratio of 2:1 chicken manure: corn straw (based on TS). The RCMP in the treatments of 15% TS were 3.63-4.59 times higher than that of 5% TS based on the volume of substrates. The abundance of Caldicoprobacter improving the degradation of corn straw was significantly positively correlated with the RCMP, and the average abundance of Caldicoprobacter at 15% TS was 8.33 and 7.02 times higher than that at 5% and 25% TS, respectively. Structural equation models analysis suggested that TS significantly impacted the RCMP by indirectly impacting free ammonia nitrogen and microbial abundance. These findings indicated semi-solid state (15% TS) decreased ammonia nitrogen releasing and improved the abundance of Caldicoprobacter, and increased RCMP during anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure with corn straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Gang Guo
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Qian Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Lei-Lei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Dong-Juan Cheng
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China.
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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7
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Dalcin Martins P, Echeveste Medrano MJ, Arshad A, Kurth JM, Ouboter HT, Op den Camp HJM, Jetten MSM, Welte CU. Unraveling Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Carbon Metabolic Pathways and Microbial Community Transcriptional Responses to Substrate Deprivation and Toxicity Stresses in a Bioreactor Mimicking Anoxic Brackish Coastal Sediment Conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:798906. [PMID: 35283857 PMCID: PMC8906906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.798906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities are key drivers of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycling in coastal ecosystems, where they are subjected to dynamic shifts in substrate availability and exposure to toxic compounds. However, how these shifts affect microbial interactions and function is poorly understood. Unraveling such microbial community responses is key to understand their environmental distribution and resilience under current and future disturbances. Here, we used metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to investigate microbial community structure and transcriptional responses to prolonged ammonium deprivation, and sulfide and nitric oxide toxicity stresses in a controlled bioreactor system mimicking coastal sediment conditions. Ca. Nitrobium versatile, identified in this study as a sulfide-oxidizing denitrifier, became a rare community member upon ammonium removal. The ANaerobic Methanotroph (ANME) Ca. Methanoperedens nitroreducens showed remarkable resilience to both experimental conditions, dominating transcriptional activity of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). During the ammonium removal experiment, increased DNRA was unable to sustain anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) activity. After ammonium was reintroduced, a novel anaerobic bacterial methanotroph species that we have named Ca. Methylomirabilis tolerans outcompeted Ca. Methylomirabilis lanthanidiphila, while the anammox Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis outcompeted Ca. Scalindua rubra. At the end of the sulfide and nitric oxide experiment, a gammaproteobacterium affiliated to the family Thiohalobacteraceae was enriched and dominated transcriptional activity of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductases. Our results indicate that some community members could be more resilient to the tested experimental conditions than others, and that some community functions such as methane and sulfur oxidation coupled to denitrification can remain stable despite large shifts in microbial community structure. Further studies on complex bioreactor enrichments are required to elucidate coastal ecosystem responses to future disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arslan Arshad
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Julia M Kurth
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Heleen T Ouboter
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cornelia U Welte
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Regmi P, Sturm B, Hiripitiyage D, Keller N, Murthy S, Jimenez J. Combining continuous flow aerobic granulation using an external selector and carbon-efficient nutrient removal with AvN control in a full-scale simultaneous nitrification-denitrification process. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:117991. [PMID: 34973545 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The James R. Dolorio Water Reclamation Facility in Pueblo, Colorado, uses AvN aeration controls to lower aeration energy while promoting carbon-efficient nutrient removal and hydrocyclone-based wasting to achieve SVI improvements and process intensification. The results from the full-scale installation showed that hydrocyclone-based wasting helped improve settling characteristics by reducing the SVI from 200 ± 52 mL/g to 83 ± 22 mL/g within weeks of operation. PAO and nitrifiers were preferentially retained in dense flocs and granules, while lighter heterotrophic and filamentous organisms were preferentially wasted, thus uncoupling the SRT of these two fractions relative to the overall SRT. The SRT was estimated at 14.4 ± 3.4 days for dense aggregates and 7.1 ± 2.3 days for lighter flocs. The use of AvN control with continuous low DO conditions resulted in low DO conditions (< 0.3 mgO2/L) reducing air demand by 50% while providing excellent nitrogen (effluent TIN < 11 mgN/L) and TP removal (effluent TP < 1 mgP/L) at low primary effluent COD/N ratio of 6.0. The presence of comammox was demonstrated through molecular analysis, while ex-situ batch tests revealed the presence of DPAO, which could have attributed to the energy and carbon-efficient biological nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nancy Keller
- City of Pueblo Water Department, Pueblo, CO, USA
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Larsen TA, Riechmann ME, Udert KM. State of the art of urine treatment technologies: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH X 2021; 13:100114. [PMID: 34693239 PMCID: PMC8517923 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, urine treatment technologies have developed from lab studies of a few pioneers to an interesting innovation, attracting attention from a growing number of process engineers. In this broad review, we present literature from more than a decade on biological, physical-chemical and electrochemical urine treatment processes. Like in the first review on urine treatment from 2006, we categorize the technologies according to the following objectives: stabilization, volume reduction, targeted N-recovery, targeted P-recovery, nutrient removal, sanitization, and handling of organic micropollutants. We add energy recovery as a new objective, because extensive work has been done on electrochemical energy harvesting, especially with bio-electrochemical systems. Our review reveals that biological processes are a good choice for urine stabilization. They have the advantage of little demand for chemicals and energy. Due to instabilities, however, they are not suited for bathroom applications and they cannot provide the desired volume reduction on their own. A number of physical-chemical treatment technologies are applicable at bathroom scale and can provide the necessary volume reduction, but only with a steady supply of chemicals and often with high demand for energy and maintenance. Electrochemical processes is a recent, but rapidly growing field, which could give rise to exciting technologies at bathroom scale, although energy production might only be interesting for niche applications. The review includes a qualitative assessment of all unit processes. A quantitative comparison of treatment performance was not the goal of the study and could anyway only be done for complete treatment trains. An important next step in urine technology research and development will be the combination of unit processes to set up and test robust treatment trains. We hope that the present review will help guide these efforts to accelerate the development towards a mature technology with pilot scale and eventually full-scale implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove A. Larsen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michel E. Riechmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kai M. Udert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Wang Y, Li J, Huang S, Huang X, Hu W, Pu J, Xu M. Evaluation of NOx removal from flue gas and Fe(II)EDTA regeneration using a novel BTF-ABR integrated system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125741. [PMID: 34088200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A promising process is under development for the removal of NOx and regeneration of Fe(II)EDTA in a novel biotrickling filter-anaerobic baffled reactor (BTF-ABR) integrated system at 50 ± 0.5 ℃. In this work, we investigated the NOx removal capacity of a BTF under different O2 concentrations (7.0 vol%, 5.25 vol% and 3.5 vol%), and tested the effect of an ABR on NOx removal and regeneration of Fe(II)EDTA. The results showed that the NOx removal capacity was significantly increased with the O2 concentration reduced from 7.0% to 3.5%. The microoxygen environment produced by the BTF-ABR integrated system was more conducive to the removal of NOx and regeneration of Fe(II)EDTA compared with that in the BTF. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that the coordinated expression of denitrification genes was the major reason for no N2O emission, along with no nitrate and nitrite accumulation. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis showed that the cooperation of denitrifying bacteria (Klebsiella, Petrimonas, Rhodococcus and Ochrobactium) and iron-reducing bacteria (Klebsiella, Geobacter and Petrimonas) in the system was the key to the stable and efficient removal of NOx and the regeneration of Fe(II)EDTA simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xingzhu Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Wenzhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jia Pu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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11
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Gruber W, Niederdorfer R, Ringwald J, Morgenroth E, Bürgmann H, Joss A. Linking seasonal N 2O emissions and nitrification failures to microbial dynamics in a SBR wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH X 2021; 11:100098. [PMID: 33889832 PMCID: PMC8050800 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a strong greenhouse gas and causal for stratospheric ozone depletion. During biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), high N2O fluxes to the atmosphere can occur, typically exhibiting a seasonal emission pattern. Attempts to explain the peak emission phases in winter and spring using physico-chemical process data from WWTP were so far unsuccessful and new approaches are required. The complex and diverse microbial community of activated sludge used in biological treatment systems also exhibit substantial seasonal patterns. However, a potentially causal link between the seasonal patterns of microbial diversity and N2O emissions has not yet been investigated. Here we show that in a full-scale WWTP nitrification failure and N2O peak emissions, bad settleability of the activated sludge and a turbid effluent strongly correlate with a significant reduction in the microbial community diversity and shifts in community composition. During episodes of impaired performance, we observed a significant reduction in abundance for filamentous and nitrite oxidizing bacteria in all affected reactors. In some reactors that did not exhibit nitrification and settling failures, we observed a stable microbial community and no drastic loss of species. Standard engineering approaches to stabilize nitrification, such as increasing the aerobic sludge age and oxygen availability failed to improve the plant performance on this particular WWTP and replacing the activated sludge was the only measure applied by the operators to recover treatment performance in affected reactors. Our results demonstrate that disturbances of the sludge microbiome affect key structural and functional microbial groups, which lead to seasonal N2O emission patterns. To reduce N2O emissions from WWTP, it is therefore crucial to understand the drivers that lead to the microbial population dynamics in the activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzel Gruber
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Niederdorfer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Ringwald
- ARA Jungholz, Seestrasse 171, 8610 Uster, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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12
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Nguyen HTM, Tran HTH. Effect of organic matter on nitrogen removal through the anammox process. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:608-619. [PMID: 33034096 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, the anammox bacterial activity is inhibited by high chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents. In this study, the effect of the COD/total nitrogen (TN) ratio and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the efficiency of the anammox process in a fixed-bed reactor was assessed via experiments with increasing COD/TN ratios from 0 to 7.0 and different HRTs of 6, 9, and 12 hr. Felibendy cubes were used as the biomass carrier. The presence of organic compounds affects the performance of the treatment process, and the level of influence increases with the increase in influent COD. With COD greater than 300 mg/L, the anammox process was inhibited, TN efficiency was the lowest, and effluent water quality did not yield effluent standards. The kinetic parameters Umax (the maximum substrate removal rate constant) and KB (the saturation constant) of the Stover-Kincannon model corresponding to the different COD/TN ratios were determined in this study. The kinetic parameter values of the ammonium removal process decreased gradually from Umax = 0.685 g/L/day and KB = 0.846 g/L/day, for COD/TN = 0, to Umax = 0.314 g/L/day and KB = 0.498 g/L/day, for COD/TN = 6. The kinetic parameter of the TN removal process also decreased gradually as the COD/TN ratio in wastewater increased gradually. This means that the anammox process was inhibited as much as high organic compounds. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The higher COD/TN ratios the more anammox activity is affected, especially COD/TN = 7.0 (COD = 350 mg/L). The tolerance threshold of anammox process about organic matter concentration is 300 mg/L as COD (COD/TN ratio <6). With the COD/TN ratios from 1.0 to 6.0, the values of Umax and KB constants of Stover-Kincannon model for ammonium removal by Anammox process decrease gradually from 0.685 to 0.314 and from 0.846 to 0.498, respectively.
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13
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Roots P, Rosenthal A, Wang Y, Sabba F, Jia Z, Yang F, Zhang H, Kozak J, Wells G. Pushing the limits of solids retention time for enhanced biological phosphorus removal: process characteristics and Accumulibacter population structure. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1614-1627. [PMID: 33107855 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the solids retention time (SRT) of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process can increase organic carbon diversion to the sidestream for energy recovery, thereby realizing some of the benefits of the high rate activated sludge (HRAS) process. Determining the washout (i.e. minimum) SRT of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), therefore, allows for simultaneous phosphorus and carbon diversion for energy recovery from EBPR systems. However, few studies have investigated the washout SRT of PAOs in real wastewater, and little is known of the diversity of PAOs in high rate EBPR systems. Here we demonstrate efficient phosphorus removal (83% orthophosphate removal) in a high rate EBPR sequencing batch reactor fed real primary effluent and operated at 20 °C. Stable operation was achieved at a total SRT of 1.8 ± 0.2 days and hydraulic retention time of 3.7-4.8 hours. 16S rRNA gene sequencing data demonstrated that Accumulibacter were the dominant PAO throughout the study, with a washout aerobic SRT between 0.8 and 1.4 days. qPCR targeting the polyphosphate kinase gene revealed that Accumulibacter clades IIA, IIB and IID dominated the PAO community at low SRT operation, while clade IA was washed out at the lowest SRT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Roots
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Alex Rosenthal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Fabrizio Sabba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA
| | - Joseph Kozak
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA
| | - George Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA E-mail:
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14
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Liu L, Ji M, Wang F, Wang S, Qin G. Insight into the influence of microbial aggregate types on nitrogen removal performance and microbial community in the anammox process - A review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136571. [PMID: 31986383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been paid close attention in the wastewater treatment field because of its energy-saving advantages. Different microbial aggregates have been used in the anammox process, and there is an urgent need to evaluate the comparative efficiencies of the widely used types of microbial aggregates with respect to their nitrogen removal performance as well as microbial community. To address this, 1724 published papers concentrating on three types of microbial aggregates, namely granules, biofilm, and flocs were compiled. A quantitative meta-analysis was carried out to compare the standard error of nitrogen removal efficiencies among these three microbial aggregates. The data sources of this meta-analysis comprised articles on granules (42%), followed by those on biofilm (33%) and flocs (25%). The granular sludge appeared to be competent in achieving the highest average nitrogen removal efficiencies of 81.1%, followed by biofilm (80.8%). Flocs provided comparatively poor removal of nitrogen pollutants with the lowest removal efficiency of 74.1%. Biofilm had the highest abundance of functional microbial communities with 43.4% on Candidatus Kuenenia and 11.2% on Candidatus Brocadia, which were detected in the anammox system as common genera. This meta-analysis suggested that the microbial aggregate types of granules and biofilm had a relatively low heterogeneity and high total nitrogen removal efficiencies for the anammox process and were the recommended microbial aggregates for anammox bacteria cultivation and operation of the anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Shuya Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Geng Qin
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
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15
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Guan T, Kuang Y, Li X, Fang J, Fang W, Wu D. The recovery of phosphorus from source-separated urine by repeatedly usable magnetic Fe 3O 4@ZrO 2 nanoparticles under acidic conditions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105322. [PMID: 31739135 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The separation of urine at source for phosphorus (P) recovery is attractive taking into account the high P concentration and small volume. However, the treatment of urine is still challenging due to its unpleasant odor and hygiene problems. Because the above problems could be solved by acidification to keep the pH of urine below 4, we propose a novel strategy to recover P from acidified urine using tailored hydrous zirconia-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ZrO2). This strategy involves the selective adsorption of phosphate by easily separable and reusable Fe3O4@ZrO2, the desorption of adsorbed phosphate, and the precipitation of desorbed phosphate as calcium phosphate fertilizer. The results indicated that at pH 4, the P in synthetic urine was selectively adsorbed and could be exhausted using Fe3O4@ZrO2. Nearly all (>97.5%) of the sequestered P on the Fe3O4@ZrO2 nanoparticles was stripped using ≥1 M NaOH solution and ~100% of the stripped P was then successfully transformed into calcium phosphate, upon adding CaCl2 at pH >12 and a Ca/P molar ratio of 3. The liquid/solid (Fe3O4@ZrO2 particles) mixture could be conveniently separated for reuse using an external magnetic field. The reusability of the Fe3O4@ZrO2 nanoparticles in the extraction of P from synthetic urine was confirmed using five cycles of the adsorption-desorption process and their performance validated using real urine samples. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption was investigated using XPS, FTIR and zeta potential measurements, showing that phosphate was chemically adsorbed on the surface through direct coordination to zirconium atom via ligand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Kuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenkan Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deyi Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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16
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Thürlimann CM, Udert KM, Morgenroth E, Villez K. Stabilizing control of a urine nitrification process in the presence of sensor drift. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114958. [PMID: 31430654 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensor drift is commonly observed across engineering disciplines, particularly in harsh media such as wastewater. In this study, a novel stabilizing controller for nitrification of high strength ammonia solutions is designed based on online signal derivatives. The controller uses the derivative of a drifting nitrite signal to determine if nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are substrate limited or substrate inhibited. To ensure a meaningful interpretation of the derivative signal, the process is excited in a cyclic manner by repeatedly exposing the NOB to substrate-limited and substrate-inhibited conditions. The resulting control system successfully prevented nitrite accumulations for a period of 72 days in a laboratory-scale reactor. Slow disturbances in the form of feed composition changes and temperature changes were successfully handled by the controller while short-term temperature disturbances are shown to pose a challenge to the current version of this controller. Most importantly, we demonstrate that drift-tolerant control for the purpose of process stabilization can be achieved without sensor redundancy by combining deliberate input excitation, qualitative trend analysis, and coarse process knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Thürlimann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Chair of Urban Water Systems, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai M Udert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Chair of Urban Water Systems, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Chair of Urban Water Systems, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kris Villez
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Chair of Urban Water Systems, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Zhang K, Gu J, Wang X, Zhang X, Hu T, Zhao W. Analysis for microbial denitrification and antibiotic resistance during anaerobic digestion of cattle manure containing antibiotic. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121803. [PMID: 31326686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of tylosin (0, 10, and 100 mg/kg dry weight) on the denitrification genes and microbial community during the anaerobic digestion of cattle manure. N2 emissions were reduced and N2O emissions were increased by 10 mg/kg tylosin. Adding 100 mg/kg tylosin increased the emission of both N2O and N2. The different responses of denitrifying bacteria and genes to tylosin may have been due to the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Network analysis indicated that denitrification genes and ARGs had the same potential host bacteria. intI1 was more important for the horizontal transfer of denitrification genes and ARGs during anaerobic digestion than intI2. The anaerobic digestion of manure containing tylosin may increase nitrogen losses and the associated ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenya Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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18
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Mao X, Stenuit B, Tremblay J, Yu K, Tringe SG, Alvarez-Cohen L. Structural dynamics and transcriptomic analysis of Dehalococcoides mccartyi within a TCE-Dechlorinating community in a completely mixed flow reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:146-156. [PMID: 31035191 PMCID: PMC7053656 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A trichloroethene (TCE)-dechlorinating community (CANAS) maintained in a completely mixed flow reactor was established from a semi-batch enrichment culture (ANAS) and was monitored for 400 days at a low solids retention time (SRT) under electron acceptor limitation. Around 85% of TCE supplied to CANAS (0.13 mmol d-1) was converted to ethene at a rate of 0.1 mmol d-1, with detection of low production rates of vinyl chloride (6.8 × 10-3 mmol d-1) and cis-dichloroethene (2.3 × 10-3 mmol d-1). Two distinct Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains (ANAS1 and ANAS2) were stably maintained at 6.2 ± 2.8 × 108 cells mL-1 and 5.8 ± 1.2 × 108 cells mL-1, respectively. Electron balance analysis showed 107% electron recovery, in which 6.1% were involved in dechlorination. 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed a structural regime shift between ANAS and CANAS while maintaining robust TCE dechlorination due to similar relative abundances of D. mccartyi and functional redundancy among each functional guild supporting D. mccartyi activity. D. mccartyi transcriptomic analysis identified the genes encoding for ribosomal RNA and the reductive dehalogenases tceA and vcrA as the most expressed genes in CANAS, while hup and vhu were the most critical hydrogenases utilized by D. mccartyi in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1710, USA
| | - Benoit Stenuit
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1710, USA
| | | | - Ke Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1710, USA
| | - Susannah G Tringe
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lisa Alvarez-Cohen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1710, USA; Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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19
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Song L, Li D, Fang H, Cao X, Liu R, Niu Q, Li YY. Revealing the correlation of biomethane generation, DOM fluorescence, and microbial community in the mesophilic co-digestion of chicken manure and sheep manure at different mixture ratio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19411-19424. [PMID: 31073832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Batch co-digestion tests of chicken manure (CM) and sheep manure (SM) at different ratio (Rs/c) were conducted under mesophilic condition (35 °C). Batch kinetic analysis of bioCH4 production, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and microbial community were investigated. The well-fitted modified Gompertz model (R2, 0.98-0.99) resulted that the co-digestion markedly improved the methane production rate and shortened the lag phase time. The highest bioCH4 yield of 219.67 mL/gVSadd and maximum production rate of 0.378 mL/gVSadd/h were obtained at an optimum Rs/c of 0.4. Additionally, a significant variation of DOM was detected at the Rs/c of 0.4 with a consistent degradation of soluble microbial byproduct-like and protein-like organics. The positive synergy effects of co-digestion conspicuously enhanced the bioCH4 production efficiency. FI370 and NADH were significantly correlated to Rs/c (p < 0.05). Moreover, the correlations among process indicator, EEM-peaks and different environmental parameters were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. The high diversity of acetoclastic methanogens and hydrogenotrophic methanogens in the co-digestion improved the stability of process. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dunjie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyunong Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigui Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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20
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Roots P, Wang Y, Rosenthal AF, Griffin JS, Sabba F, Petrovich M, Yang F, Kozak JA, Zhang H, Wells GF. Comammox Nitrospira are the dominant ammonia oxidizers in a mainstream low dissolved oxygen nitrification reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:396-405. [PMID: 30974288 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings show that a subset of bacteria affiliated with Nitrospira, a genus known for its importance in nitrite oxidation for biological nutrient removal applications, are capable of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) to nitrate. Early reports suggested that they were absent or present in low abundance in most activated sludge processes, and thus likely functionally irrelevant. Here we show the accumulation of comammox Nitrospira in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor operated at low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Actual mainstream wastewater was used as influent after primary settling and an upstream pre-treatment process for carbon and phosphorus removal. The ammonia removal rate was stable and exceeded that of the treatment plant's parallel full-scale high DO nitrifying activated sludge reactor. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a steady accumulation of Nitrospira to 53% total abundance and a decline in conventional ammonia oxidizing bacteria to <1% total abundance over 400 + days of operation. After ruling out other known ammonia oxidizers, qPCR confirmed the accumulation of comammox Nitrospira beginning around day 200, to eventually comprise 94% of all detected amoA and 4% of total bacteria by day 407. Quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridization confirmed the increasing trend and high relative abundance of Nitrospira. These results demonstrate that comammox can be metabolically relevant to nitrogen transformation in wastewater treatment, and can even dominate the ammonia oxidizing community. Our results suggest that comammox may be an important functional group in energy efficient nitrification systems designed to operate at low DO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Roots
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Alex F Rosenthal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - James S Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Sabba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Morgan Petrovich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA.
| | - Joseph A Kozak
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 W Pershing Road, Chicago, IL, 60804, USA.
| | - George F Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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21
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Gao H, Mao Y, Zhao X, Liu WT, Zhang T, Wells G. Genome-centric metagenomics resolves microbial diversity and prevalent truncated denitrification pathways in a denitrifying PAO-enriched bioprocess. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 155:275-287. [PMID: 30852315 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification is the stepwise microbial reduction of nitrate or nitrite (NO2-) to nitrogen gas via the obligate intermediates nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Substantial N2O accumulation has been reported in denitrifying enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) bioreactors enriched in denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs), but little is known about underlying mechanisms for N2O generation, prevalence of complete versus truncated denitrification pathways, or the impact of NO2- feed on DPAO-enriched consortia. To address this knowledge gap, we employed genome-resolved metagenomics to investigate nitrogen transformation potential in a NO2- fed denitrifying EBPR bioreactor enriched in Candidatus Accumulibacter and prone to N2O accumulation. Our analysis yielded 41 near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including two co-occurring Accumulibacter strains affiliated with clades IA and IC (the first published genome from this clade) and 39 non-PAO flanking bacterial genomes. The dominant Accumulibacter clade IA encoded genes for complete denitrification, while the lower abundance Accumulibacter clade IC harbored all denitrification genes except for a canonical respiratory NO reductase. Analysis of the 39 non-PAO MAGs revealed a high prevalence of taxa harboring an incomplete denitrification pathway. Of the 27 MAGs harboring capacity for at least one step in the denitrification pathway, 10 were putative N2O producers lacking N2O reductase, 16 were putative N2O reducers that lacked at least one upstream denitrification gene, and only one harbored a complete denitrification pathway. We also documented increasing abundance over the course of reactor operation of putative N2O producers. Our results suggest that the unusually high levels of N2O production observed in this Accumulibacter-enriched consortium are linked in part to the selection for non-PAO flanking microorganisms with truncated denitrification pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
| | - Yanping Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- Master of Science in Biotechnology Program, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - George Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States.
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22
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On resolving ambiguities in microbial community analysis of partial nitritation anammox reactors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6954. [PMID: 31061389 PMCID: PMC6502876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR-based methods have caused a surge for integration of eco-physiological approaches into research on partial nitritation anammox (PNA). However, a lack of rigorous standards for molecular analyses resulted in widespread data misinterpretation and consequently lack of consensus. Data consistency and accuracy strongly depend on the primer selection and data interpretation. An in-silico evaluation of 16S rRNA gene eubacterial primers used in PNA studies from the last ten years unraveled the difficulty of comparing ecological data from different studies due to a variation in the coverage of these primers. Our 16S amplicon sequencing approach, which includes parallel sequencing of six 16S rRNA hypervariable regions, showed that there is no perfect hypervariable region for PNA microbial communities. Using qPCR analysis, we emphasize the significance of primer choice for quantification and caution with data interpretation. We also provide a framework for PCR based analyses that will improve and assist to objectively interpret and compare such results.
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23
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Song L, Song Y, Li D, Liu R, Niu Q. The auto fluorescence characteristics, specific activity, and microbial community structure in batch tests of mono-chicken manure digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 83:57-67. [PMID: 30514471 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Batch tests inoculated with granular and suspended sludge of mono chicken manure (CM) digestion were conducted. Kinetic analysis showed a maximum bio-CH4 generation (6 mL/gVS/d) at an optimal TS of 10-12%. At a TS of 25%, serious inhibition was found for granular sludge and even greater inhibition for the suspended sludge caused by free ammonia. The auto fluorescence of Excitation-mission matrix with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) showed that the dissolved organic matter (DOM) varied between the form C1, C2, C3 and C4. The split component of the SMP-like C2 and protein-like C4 significantly related to the bio-methane production in time series. The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) indicated that ammonia, pH, and TS influenced the PARAFAC component significantly. The aceticlastic methanogens of the genus Methanosaeta and acetogens of the genus Syntrophobacter predominated in the CM sludge. The methanogens and acetogens formed a metabolic cooperation, making the process a stable methane produced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yong Song
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, No.1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Dunjie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Qigui Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology (Jiangnan University), Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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24
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Zhang C, Xu K, Zheng M, Li J, Wang C. Factors Affecting the Crystal Size of Struvite-K Formed in Synthetic Urine Using a Stirred Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangning Xu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jiyun Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwen Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Hiller-Bittrolff K, Foreman K, Bulseco-McKim AN, Benoit J, Bowen JL. Effects of mercury addition on microbial community composition and nitrate removal inside permeable reactive barriers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:797-806. [PMID: 30032076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) remove nitrogen from groundwater by enhancing microbial denitrification. The PRBs consist of woodchips that provide carbon for denitrifiers, but these woodchips also support other anaerobic microbes, including sulfate-reducing bacteria. Some of these anaerobes have the ability to methylate inorganic mercury present in groundwater. Methylmercury is hazardous to human health, so it is essential to understand whether PRBs promote mercury methylation. We examined microbial communities and geochemistry in fresh water and sulfate-enriched PRB flow-through columns by spiking replicates of both treatments with mercuric chloride. We hypothesized that mercury addition could alter bacterial community composition to favor higher abundances of genera containing known methylating taxa and that the sulfate-rich columns would produce more methylmercury after mercury addition, due mainly to an increase in abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). However, methylmercury output at the end of the experiment was not different from output at the beginning, due in part to coupled Hg methylation and demethylation. There was a transient reduction in nitrate removal after mercury addition in the sulfate enriched columns, but nitrate removal returned to initial rates after two weeks, demonstrating resilience of the denitrifying community. Since methylmercury output did not increase and nitrate removal was not permanently affected, PRBs could be a low cost approach to combat eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenly Hiller-Bittrolff
- University of Massachusetts Boston Biology Department, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kenneth Foreman
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Ecosystems Center, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Ashley N Bulseco-McKim
- Northeastern University, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA, USA.
| | - Janina Benoit
- Wheaton College, Chemistry Department, 26 E Main Street, Norton, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Bowen
- Northeastern University, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA, USA.
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26
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Dohi M, Mougi A. A coexistence theory in microbial communities. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180476. [PMID: 30839701 PMCID: PMC6170546 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are widespread in natural ecosystems where they create complex communities. Understanding the functions and dynamics of such microbial communities is a very important theme not only for ecology but also for humankind because microbes can play major roles in our health. Yet, it remains unclear how such complex ecosystems are maintained. Here, we present a simple theory on the dynamics of a microbial community. Bacteria preferring a particular pH in their environment indirectly inhibit the growth of the other types of bacteria by changing the pH to their optimum value. This pH-driven interaction always causes a state of bistability involving different types of bacteria that can be more or less abundant. Furthermore, a moderate abundance ratio of different types of bacteria can confer enhanced resilience to a specific equilibrium state, particularly when a trade-off relationship exists between growth and the ability of bacteria to change the pH of their environment. These results suggest that the balance of the composition of microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining microbial communities.
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27
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Ya-Juan X, Jun-Yuan J, Ping Z, Lan W, Abbas G, Zhang J, Ru W, Zhan-Fei H. The effect and biological mechanism of granular sludge size on performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal system. Biodegradation 2018; 29:339-347. [PMID: 29855740 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The autotrophic process for nitrogen removal has attracted worldwide attention in the field of wastewater treatment, and the performance of this process is greatly influenced by the size of granular sludge particles present in the system. In this work, the granular sludge was divided into three groups, i.e. large size (> 1.2 mm), medium size (0.6-1.2 mm) and small size (< 0.6 mm). The medium granular sludge was observed to dominate at high volumetric nitrogen loading rates, while offering strong support for good performance. Its indispensable contribution was found to originate from improved settling velocity (0.84 ± 0.10 cm/s), high SOUR-A (specific oxygen uptake rate for ammonia oxidizing bacteria, 25.93 mg O2/g MLVSS/h), low SOUR-N (specific oxygen uptake rate for nitrite oxidizing bacteria, 3.39 mg O2/g MLVSS/h), and a reasonable microbial spatial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ya-Juan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Ji Jun-Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Zheng Ping
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Wang Lan
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Resources and Environment Department, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Wang Ru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - He Zhan-Fei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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28
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Zhao J, Zhang C, Sun C, Li W, Zhang S, Li S, Zhang D. Electron transfer mechanism of biocathode in a bioelectrochemical system coupled with chemical absorption for NO removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:16-22. [PMID: 29413918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A biocathode with the function of Fe(III)EDTA and Fe(II)EDTA-NO reduction was applied in a microbial electrolysis cell coupled with chemical absorption for NO removal from flue gas. As the mediated electron transfer was excluded by the same electrochemical characterizations of the biocathodes before and after a 48 h continuous operation, the profiles of reduction experiments indicated that direct electron transfer was the main mechanism of Fe(III)EDTA reduction, while Fe(III)EDTA-NO was mainly reduced via Fe(II)-assisted autotrophic denitrification. The microscopy of the biocathode confirmed the existence of pili, which was supposed to be bacterial nanowires for electron transfer. The analysis of microbial community revealed that iron-reducing bacteria, including Escherichia coli, had the possibility of electron uptake from electrode via physical contact. These results first time gave us in-depth understanding of the electron transfer in the multifunctional biocathode and mechanism for further enhancement of the bioreduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Shihan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Sujing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuquan Campus, Hangzhou 310027, China
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29
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Chen L, Yang X, Tian X, Yao S, Li J, Wang A, Yao Q, Peng D. Partial nitritation of stored source-separated urine by granular activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor. AMB Express 2017; 7:50. [PMID: 28244031 PMCID: PMC5328902 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of partial nitritation (PN) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been proposed as an ideal process for nitrogen removal from source-separated urine, while the high organic matters in urine cause instability of single-stage PN-anammox process. This study aims to remove the organic matters and partially nitrify the nitrogen in urine, producing an ammonium/nitrite solution suitable for anammox. The organic matters in stored urine were used as the electron donors to achieve 40% total nitrogen removal in nitritation-denitrification process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Granular aggregates were observed and high mixed liquor suspended solids (9.5 g/L) were maintained in the SBR. Around 70–75% ammonium was oxidized to nitrite under the volumetric loading rates of 3.23 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3 d) and 1.86 kg N/(m3 d), respectively. The SBR produced an ammonium/nitrite solution free of biodegradable organic matters, with a NO2−–N:NH4+–N of 1.24 ± 0.13. Fluorescence in situ hybridization images showed that Nitrosomonas-like ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, accounting for 7.2% of total bacteria, located in the outer layer (25 μm), while heterotrophs distributed homogeneously throughout the granular aggregates. High concentrations of free ammonia and nitrous acids in the reactor severely inhibited the growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, resulting in their absence in the granular sludge. The microbial diversity analysis indicated Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum, in which Pseudomonas was the most abundant genus.
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30
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Oxic-anoxic regime shifts mediated by feedbacks between biogeochemical processes and microbial community dynamics. Nat Commun 2017; 8:789. [PMID: 28986518 PMCID: PMC5630580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regime shifts are known from various ecosystems, the involvement of microbial communities is poorly understood. Here we show that gradual environmental changes induced by, for example, eutrophication or global warming can induce major oxic-anoxic regime shifts. We first investigate a mathematical model describing interactions between microbial communities and biogeochemical oxidation-reduction reactions. In response to gradual changes in oxygen influx, this model abruptly transitions between an oxic state dominated by cyanobacteria and an anoxic state with sulfate-reducing bacteria and phototrophic sulfur bacteria. The model predictions are consistent with observations from a seasonally stratified lake, which shows hysteresis in the transition between oxic and anoxic states with similar changes in microbial community composition. Our results suggest that hysteresis loops and tipping points are a common feature of oxic-anoxic transitions, causing rapid drops in oxygen levels that are not easily reversed, at scales ranging from small ponds to global oceanic anoxic events. The role of microbial communities in regime shifts is poorly understood. Here, the authors use a mathematical model and field data from a seasonally stratified lake to show that gradual environmental changes can induce oxic-anoxic regime shifts mediated by microbial community dynamics and redox processes.
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31
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Pagaling E, Vassileva K, Mills CG, Bush T, Blythe RA, Schwarz-Linek J, Strathdee F, Allen RJ, Free A. Assembly of microbial communities in replicate nutrient-cycling model ecosystems follows divergent trajectories, leading to alternate stable states. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3374-3386. [PMID: 28677203 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied in detail the reproducibility of community development in replicate nutrient-cycling microbial microcosms that were set up identically and allowed to develop under the same environmental conditions. Multiple replicate closed microcosms were constructed using pond sediment and water, enriched with cellulose and sulphate, and allowed to develop over several months under constant environmental conditions, after which their microbial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results show that initially similar microbial communities can follow alternative - yet stable - trajectories, diverging in time in a system size-dependent manner. The divergence between replicate communities increased in time and decreased with larger system size. In particular, notable differences emerged in the heterotrophic degrader communities in our microcosms; one group of steady state communities was enriched with Firmicutes, while the other was enriched with Bacteroidetes. The communities dominated by these two phyla also contained distinct populations of sulphate-reducing bacteria. This biomodality in community composition appeared to arise during recovery from a low-diversity state that followed initial cellulose degradation and sulphate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulyn Pagaling
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kristin Vassileva
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine G Mills
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy Bush
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Blythe
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Fiona Strathdee
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosalind J Allen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew Free
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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32
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Yao S, Chen L, Guan D, Zhang Z, Tian X, Wang A, Wang G, Yao Q, Peng D, Li J. On-site nutrient recovery and removal from source-separated urine by phosphorus precipitation and short-cut nitrification-denitrification. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:210-218. [PMID: 28222375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Source separation and treatment of human urine have been recognized as a resource-efficient alternative to conventional urban drainage, not only reducing nutrient loads on municipal wastewater treatment plants, but recovering valuable resources from waste streams. In this work, on-site phosphorus (P) recovery from real urine was carried out by using the brine from a reverse osmosis process as the flush water for urine-diverting toilets and a P precipitant, while nitrogen (N) was removed via short-cut nitrification-denitrification (SCND) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). More than 90% of P was recovered by mixing the urine with reverse osmosis brine (1:1, v/v) under the condition of pH > 9.0. The recovered precipitates contained 10-15% of P and can potentially be reused for phosphate fertilizer production. Stable SCND was achieved in a MBR, and 45% of N was removed with the organic compounds in urine as the electron donor for denitrification. Methanol addition significantly elevated denitrification, which in turn replenished the alkalinity required for nitrification. More than 99% of P, 90% of organics and 90% of N were removed in the combined precipitation and MBR process. Nitrosomonas was observed to be the predominant ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were absent in the microbial communities as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and pyrosequencing technique. High concentrations of free ammonia and nitrite acids, as well as low dissolved oxygen, are the prevailing factors to inhibit the growth of NOB, which allows for stable operation of SCND in the MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yao
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Detian Guan
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongguo Zhang
- Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujun Tian
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guotian Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qian Yao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Dangcong Peng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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33
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Zöllig H, Remmele A, Morgenroth E, Udert KM. Removal rates and energy demand of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia and organic substances in real stored urine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE : WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 3:480-491. [PMID: 33408873 PMCID: PMC7705126 DOI: 10.1039/c7ew00014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The separate collection and treatment of urine allows for an environmentally friendly and cost-efficient management of the nutrients contained in urine. The primary goal should be to recover all these nutrients. However, in some cases it will be economically or ecologically more sensitive to recover only the phosphorus, while nitrogen is removed together with organic substances (measured as chemical oxygen demand, COD) and pathogens. In this study, we investigated the use of galvanostatic electrolysis for the removal of nitrogen and COD from real stored urine. Non-active type boron-doped diamond (BDD) and active type thermally decomposed iridium oxide film (TDIROF) anodes were evaluated using batch experiments. On both anodes, ammonia was exclusively removed by indirect oxidation with active chlorine (AC:Cl2, HClO, and ClO-). As a consequence, ammonia was not completely removed, if chlorine was consumed by competing processes. While COD was present, ammonia removal was faster on TDIROF (227 ± 16 gN m-2 d-1 at 20 mA cm-2) than on BDD (43 ± 20 gN m-2 d-1 at 20 mA cm-2). The reason for the slower ammonia removal on BDD was the enhanced reaction of AC with organic molecules. In fact, hydroxyl radicals broke organic molecules down to shorter chain molecules which reacted with most of the AC leaving only little AC for the oxidation of ammonia. This preferential oxidation of organics resulted in very high COD removal rates on BDD (above 420 gCOD m-2 d-1 at 20 mA cm-2 for COD concentrations above 1000 mgCOD L-1). A main drawback of electrolysis with both anodes was the high energy demand (BDD: 55 W h gCOD-1 and 766 W h gN-1 for 90% and 6% removal, respectively. TDIROF: 67 W h gCOD-1 and 77 W h gN-1 for 30% and 40% removal. All at 20 mA cm-2). It can be concluded that BDD and TDIROF anodes could be combined in series for a fast, complete, and more energy efficient electrochemical urine treatment: COD could be removed on BDD before the residual ammonia would be removed on TDIROF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanspeter Zöllig
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. E-mail: ; ; Tel: +41 58 765 5360
| | - Annette Remmele
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. E-mail: ; ; Tel: +41 58 765 5360
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. E-mail: ; ; Tel: +41 58 765 5360
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kai M Udert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. E-mail: ; ; Tel: +41 58 765 5360
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Agrawal S, Karst SM, Gilbert EM, Horn H, Nielsen PH, Lackner S. The role of inoculum and reactor configuration for microbial community composition and dynamics in mainstream partial nitritation anammox reactors. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28296352 PMCID: PMC5552961 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementation of partial nitritation anammox (PNA) in the mainstream (municipal wastewater treatment) is still under investigation. Microbial community structure and reactor type can influence the performance of PNA reactor; yet, little is known about the role of the community composition of the inoculum and the reactor configuration under mainstream conditions. Therefore, this study investigated the community structure of inocula of different origin and their consecutive community dynamics in four different lab‐scale PNA reactors with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. These reactors were operated for almost 1 year and subjected to realistic seasonal temperature fluctuations as in moderate climate regions, that is, from 20°C in summer to 10°C in winter. The sequencing analysis revealed that the bacterial community in the reactors comprised: (1) a nitrifying community (consisting of anaerobic ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB)); (2) different heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria and other putative heterotrophic bacteria (HB). The nitrifying community was the same in all four reactors at the genus level, although the biomasses were of different origin. Community dynamics revealed a stable community in the moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) in contrast to the sequencing batch reactors (SBR) at the genus level. Moreover, the reactor design seemed to influence the community dynamics, and reactor operation significantly influenced the overall community composition. The MBBR seems to be the reactor type of choice for mainstream wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelesh Agrawal
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Engineering, Darmstadt, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Chair for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eva M Gilbert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Chair for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,EnviroChemie GmbH, Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Chair for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Susanne Lackner
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Engineering, Darmstadt, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Chair for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sullam KE, Matthews B, Aebischer T, Seehausen O, Bürgmann H. The effect of top-predator presence and phenotype on aquatic microbial communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1572-1582. [PMID: 28261466 PMCID: PMC5330871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of predators can impact a variety of organisms within the ecosystem, including microorganisms. Because the effects of fish predators and their phenotypic differences on microbial communities have not received much attention, we tested how the presence/absence, genotype, and plasticity of the predatory three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) influence aquatic microbes in outdoor mesocosms. We reared lake and stream stickleback genotypes on contrasting food resources to adulthood, and then added them to aquatic mesocosm ecosystems to assess their impact on the planktonic bacterial community. We also investigated whether the effects of fish persisted following the removal of adults, and the subsequent addition of a homogenous juvenile fish population. The presence of adult stickleback increased the number of bacterial OTUs and altered the size structure of the microbial community, whereas their phenotype affected bacterial community composition. Some of these effects were detectable after adult fish were removed from the mesocosms, and after juvenile fish were placed in the tanks, most of these effects disappeared. Our results suggest that fish can have strong short‐term effects on microbial communities that are partially mediated by phenotypic variation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sullam
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Zoological Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag Aquatic Ecology Department Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Thierry Aebischer
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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Huang P, Mukherji ST, Wu S, Muller J, Goel R. Fate of 17β-Estradiol as a model estrogen in source separated urine during integrated chemical P recovery and treatment using partial nitritation-anammox process. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 103:500-509. [PMID: 27566951 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research on source separation followed by the treatment of urine and/or resource recovery from human urine has shown promise as an emerging management strategy. Despite contributing only 1% of the total volume of wastewater, human urine contributes about 80% of the nitrogen, 70% of the potassium, and up to 50% of the total phosphorus in wastewater. It is also a known fact that many of the micropollutants, especially selected estrogens, get into municipal wastewater through urine excretion. In this research, we investigated the fate of 17β-estradiol (E2) as a model estrogen during struvite precipitation from synthetic urine followed by the treatment of urine using a partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) system. Single-stage and two-stage suspended growth PN/A configurations were used to remove the nitrogen in urine after struvite precipitation. The results showed an almost 95% phosphorous and 5% nitrogen recovery/removal from the synthetic urine due to struvite precipitation. The single and two stage PN/A processes were able to remove around 50% and 75% of ammonia and nitrogen present in the post struvite urine solution, respectively. After struvite precipitation, more than 95% of the E2 remained in solution and the transformation of E2 to E1 happened during urine storage. Most of the E2 removal that occurred during the PN/A process was due to sorption on the biomass and biodegradation (transformation of E2 to E1, and slow degradation of E1 to other metabolites). These results demonstrate that a combination of chemical and biological unit processes will be needed to recover and manage nutrients in source separated urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sachiyo T Mukherji
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James Muller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 South Campus Drive, MCE 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Guo J, Peng Y, Fan L, Zhang L, Ni BJ, Kartal B, Feng X, Jetten MSM, Yuan Z. Metagenomic analysis of anammox communities in three different microbial aggregates. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:2979-93. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering; Engineering Research Center of Beijing; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering; Engineering Research Center of Beijing; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Lu Fan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering; Engineering Research Center of Beijing; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Boran Kartal
- Microbiology, IWWR; Faculty of Science; Radboud University Nijmegen; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Laboratory of Microbiology; Gent University; Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Xin Feng
- Research Department of Microbiology; Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen; Shenzhen China
| | - Mike S. M. Jetten
- Microbiology, IWWR; Faculty of Science; Radboud University Nijmegen; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering; Engineering Research Center of Beijing; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC); The University of Queensland; St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
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38
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Freimann R, Bürgmann H, Findlay SEG, Robinson CT. Hydrologic linkages drive spatial structuring of bacterial assemblages and functioning in alpine floodplains. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1221. [PMID: 26579113 PMCID: PMC4630579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial community assembly and microbial functions are affected by a number of different but coupled drivers such as local habitat characteristics, dispersal rates, and species interactions. In groundwater systems, hydrological flow can introduce spatial structure and directional dependencies among these drivers. We examined the importance of hydrology in structuring bacterial communities and their function within two alpine floodplains during different hydrological states. Piezometers were installed in stream sediments and surrounding riparian zones to assess hydrological flows and also were used as incubation chambers to examine bacterial community structures and enzymatic functions along hydrological flow paths. Spatial eigenvector models in conjunction with models based on physico-chemical groundwater characteristics were used to evaluate the importance of hydrologically-driven processes influencing bacterial assemblages and their enzymatic activities. Our results suggest a strong influence (up to 40% explained variation) of hydrological connectivity on enzymatic activities. The effect of hydrology on bacterial community structure was considerably less strong, suggesting that assemblages demonstrate large functional plasticity/redundancy. Effect size varied between hydrological periods but flow-related mechanisms always had the most power in explaining both bacterial structure and functioning. Changes in hydrology should be considered in models predicting ecosystem functioning and integrated into ecosystem management strategies for floodplains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Freimann
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology ETH Zurich, Dübendorf, Switzerland ; Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland ; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Epigenetic Regulation and Cell Identity Control ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters - Research and Management, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology ETH Zurich, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | | | - Christopher T Robinson
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology ETH Zurich, Dübendorf, Switzerland ; Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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The effect of oxygen supply on nitrogen removal via nitrite using stored substrate (PHB) as the electron donor in SBRs. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Harris E, Joss A, Emmenegger L, Kipf M, Wolf B, Mohn J, Wunderlin P. Isotopic evidence for nitrous oxide production pathways in a partial nitritation-anammox reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 83:258-270. [PMID: 26164660 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) production pathways in a single stage, continuously fed partial nitritation-anammox reactor were investigated using online isotopic analysis of offgas N2O with quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy (QCLAS). N2O emissions increased when reactor operating conditions were not optimal, for example, high dissolved oxygen concentration. SP measurements indicated that the increase in N2O was due to enhanced nitrifier denitrification, generally related to nitrite build-up in the reactor. The results of this study confirm that process control via online N2O monitoring is an ideal method to detect imbalances in reactor operation and regulate aeration, to ensure optimal reactor conditions and minimise N2O emissions. Under normal operating conditions, the N2O isotopic site preference (SP) was much higher than expected - up to 40‰ - which could not be explained within the current understanding of N2O production pathways. Various targeted experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of N2O formation in the reactor. The high SP measurements during both normal operating and experimental conditions could potentially be explained by a number of hypotheses: i) unexpectedly strong heterotrophic N2O reduction, ii) unknown inorganic or anammox-associated N2O production pathway, iii) previous underestimation of SP fractionation during N2O production from NH2OH, or strong variations in SP from this pathway depending on reactor conditions. The second hypothesis - an unknown or incompletely characterised production pathway - was most consistent with results, however the other possibilities cannot be discounted. Further experiments are needed to distinguish between these hypotheses and fully resolve N2O production pathways in PN-anammox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Harris
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Emmenegger
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Kipf
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Wolf
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Joachim Mohn
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wunderlin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Laureni M, Weissbrodt DG, Szivák I, Robin O, Nielsen JL, Morgenroth E, Joss A. Activity and growth of anammox biomass on aerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 80:325-36. [PMID: 26024830 PMCID: PMC5250675 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct treatment of municipal wastewater (MWW) based on anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria holds promise to turn the energy balance of wastewater treatment neutral or even positive. Currently, anammox processes are successfully implemented at full scale for the treatment of high-strength wastewaters, whereas the possibility of their mainstream application still needs to be confirmed. In this study, the growth of anammox organisms on aerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater (MWW(pre-treated)), amended with nitrite, was proven in three parallel reactors. The reactors were operated at total N concentrations in the range 5-20 mg(N)∙L(-1), as expected for MWW. Anammox activities up to 465 mg(N)∙L(-1)∙d(-1) were reached at 29 °C, with minimum doubling times of 18 d. Lowering the temperature to 12.5 °C resulted in a marked decrease in activity to 46 mg(N)∙L(-1)∙d(-1) (79 days doubling time), still in a reasonable range for autotrophic nitrogen removal from MWW. During the experiment, the biomass evolved from a suspended growth inoculum to a hybrid system with suspended flocs and wall-attached biofilm. At the same time, MWW(pre-treated) had a direct impact on process performance. Changing the influent from synthetic medium to MWW(pre-treated) resulted in a two-month delay in net anammox growth and a two to three-fold increase in the estimated doubling times of the anammox organisms. Interestingly, anammox remained the primary nitrogen consumption route, and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing analyses revealed that the shift in performance was not associated with a shift in dominant anammox bacteria ("Candidatus Brocadia fulgida"). Furthermore, only limited heterotrophic denitrification was observed in the presence of easily biodegradable organics (acetate, glucose). The observed delays in net anammox growth were thus ascribed to the acclimatization of the initial anammox population or/and the development of a side population beneficial for them. Additionally, by combining microautoradiography and fluorescence in situ hybridization it was confirmed that the anammox organisms involved in the process did not directly incorporate or store the amended acetate and glucose. In conclusion, these investigations strongly support the feasibility of MWW treatment via anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Laureni
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - David G Weissbrodt
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Szivák
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Orlane Robin
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT) - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques (ENSIACET), 4 allée Emile Monso, CS 44362, 31030, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Czekalski N, Sigdel R, Birtel J, Matthews B, Bürgmann H. Does human activity impact the natural antibiotic resistance background? Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in 21 Swiss lakes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 81:45-55. [PMID: 25913323 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging environmental contaminants, known to be continuously discharged into the aquatic environment via human and animal waste. Freshwater aquatic environments represent potential reservoirs for ARG and potentially allow sewage-derived ARG to persist and spread in the environment. This may create increased opportunities for an eventual contact with, and gene transfer to, human and animal pathogens via the food chain or drinking water. However, assessment of this risk requires a better understanding of the level and variability of the natural resistance background and the extent of the human impact. We have analyzed water samples from 21 Swiss lakes, taken at sampling points that were not under the direct influence of local contamination sources and analyzed the relative abundance of ARG using quantitative real-time PCR. Copy numbers of genes mediating resistance to three different broad-spectrum antibiotic classes (sulfonamides: sul1, sul2, tetracyclines: tet(B), tet(M), tet(W) and fluoroquinolones: qnrA) were normalized to copy numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. We used multiple linear regression to assess if ARG abundance is related to human activities in the catchment, microbial community composition and the eutrophication status of the lakes. Sul genes were detected in all sampled lakes, whereas only four lakes contained quantifiable numbers of tet genes, and qnrA remained below detection in all lakes. Our data indicate higher abundance of sul1 in lakes with increasing number and capacity of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the catchment. sul2 abundance was rather related to long water residence times and eutrophication status. Our study demonstrates the potential of freshwater lakes to preserve antibiotic resistance genes, and provides a reference for ARG abundance from lake systems with low human impact as a baseline for assessing ARG contamination in lake water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Czekalski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters - Research and Management, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Radhika Sigdel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters - Research and Management, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Julia Birtel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters - Research and Management, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
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43
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A Sequential Method of Detecting Abrupt Changes in the Correlation Coefficient and Its Application to Bering Sea Climate. CLIMATE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cli3030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Birtel J, Walser JC, Pichon S, Bürgmann H, Matthews B. Estimating bacterial diversity for ecological studies: methods, metrics, and assumptions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125356. [PMID: 25915756 PMCID: PMC4411174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to estimate microbial diversity have developed rapidly in an effort to understand the distribution and diversity of microorganisms in natural environments. For bacterial communities, the 16S rRNA gene is the phylogenetic marker gene of choice, but most studies select only a specific region of the 16S rRNA to estimate bacterial diversity. Whereas biases derived from from DNA extraction, primer choice and PCR amplification are well documented, we here address how the choice of variable region can influence a wide range of standard ecological metrics, such as species richness, phylogenetic diversity, β-diversity and rank-abundance distributions. We have used Illumina paired-end sequencing to estimate the bacterial diversity of 20 natural lakes across Switzerland derived from three trimmed variable 16S rRNA regions (V3, V4, V5). Species richness, phylogenetic diversity, community composition, β-diversity, and rank-abundance distributions differed significantly between 16S rRNA regions. Overall, patterns of diversity quantified by the V3 and V5 regions were more similar to one another than those assessed by the V4 region. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the datasets with different sequence similarity thresholds used during sequences clustering and when the same analysis was used on a reference dataset of sequences from the Greengenes database. In addition we also measured species richness from the same lake samples using ARISA Fingerprinting, but did not find a strong relationship between species richness estimated by Illumina and ARISA. We conclude that the selection of 16S rRNA region significantly influences the estimation of bacterial diversity and species distributions and that caution is warranted when comparing data from different variable regions as well as when using different sequencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Birtel
- Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences (D-USYS), Swiss Federal Insitute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Genetic Diversity Centre (GDC), Department of Environmental System Sciences (D-USYS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Pichon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology and Evolution, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Department of Surface Waters, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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45
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Stenuit B, Agathos SN. Deciphering microbial community robustness through synthetic ecology and molecular systems synecology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:305-17. [PMID: 25880923 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial ecosystems exhibit specific robustness attributes arising from the assembly and interaction networks of diverse, heterogeneous communities challenged by fluctuating environmental conditions. Synthetic ecology provides new insights into key biodiversity-stability relationships and robustness determinants of host-associated or environmental microbiomes. Driven by the advances of meta-omics technologies and bioinformatics, community-centered approaches (defined as molecular systems synecology) combined with the development of dynamic and mechanistic mathematical models make it possible to decipher and predict the outcomes of microbial ecosystems under disturbances. Beyond discriminating the normal operating range and natural, intrinsic dynamics of microbial processes from systems-level responses to environmental forcing, predictive modeling is poised to be integrated within prescriptive analytical frameworks and thus provide guidance in decision-making and proactive microbial resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stenuit
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Place Croix du Sud 2, bte. L07.05.19, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Place Croix du Sud 2, bte. L07.05.19, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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46
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Looft T, Allen HK, Casey TA, Alt DP, Stanton TB. Carbadox has both temporary and lasting effects on the swine gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:276. [PMID: 24959163 PMCID: PMC4050737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are used in livestock and poultry production to treat and prevent disease as well as to promote animal growth. Carbadox is an in-feed antibiotic that is widely used in swine production to prevent dysentery and to improve feed efficiency. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of carbadox and its withdrawal on the swine gut microbiota. Six pigs (initially 3-weeks old) received feed containing carbadox and six received unamended feed. After 3-weeks of continuous carbadox administration, all pigs were switched to a maintenance diet without carbadox. DNA was extracted from feces (n = 142) taken before, during, and following (6-week withdrawal) carbadox treatment. Phylotype analysis using 16S rRNA sequences showed the gradual development of the non-medicated swine gut microbiota over the 8-week study, and that the carbadox-treated pigs had significant differences in bacterial membership relative to non-medicated pigs. Enumeration of fecal Escherichia coli showed that a diet change concurrent with carbadox withdrawal was associated with an increase in the E. coli in the non-medicated pigs, suggesting that carbadox pre-treatment prevented an increase of E. coli populations. In-feed carbadox caused striking effects within 4 days of administration, with significant alterations in both community structure and bacterial membership, notably a large relative increase in Prevotella populations in medicated pigs. Digital PCR was used to show that the absolute abundance of Prevotella was unchanged between the medicated and non-medicated pigs despite the relative increase shown in the phylotype analysis. Carbadox therefore caused a decrease in the abundance of other gut bacteria but did not affect the absolute abundance of Prevotella. The pending regulation on antibiotics used in animal production underscores the importance of understanding how they modulate the microbiota and impact animal health, which will inform the search for antibiotic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torey Looft
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service Ames, IA, USA
| | - Heather K Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service Ames, IA, USA
| | - Thomas A Casey
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service Ames, IA, USA
| | - David P Alt
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service Ames, IA, USA
| | - Thaddeus B Stanton
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service Ames, IA, USA
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47
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Gomez-Alvarez V, Schrantz KA, Pressman JG, Wahman DG. Biofilm community dynamics in bench-scale annular reactors simulating arrestment of chloraminated drinking water nitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5448-5457. [PMID: 24754322 DOI: 10.1021/es5005208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Annular reactors (ARs) were used to study biofilm community succession and provide ecological insight during nitrification arrestment through simultaneously increasing monochloramine (NH2Cl) and chlorine to nitrogen mass ratios, resulting in four operational periods (I-IV). Analysis of 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequence reads (454-pyrosequencing) examined viable and total biofilm communities and found total samples were representative of the underlying viable community. Bacterial community structure showed dynamic changes corresponding with AR operational parameters. Period I (complete nitrification and no NH2Cl residual) was dominated by Bradyrhizobium (total cumulative distribution: 38%), while environmental Legionella-like phylotypes peaked (19%) during Period II (complete nitrification and minimal NH2Cl residual). Nitrospira moscoviensis (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria) was detected in early periods (2%) but decreased to <0.02% in later periods, corresponding to nitrite accumulation. Methylobacterium (19%) and members of Nitrosomonadaceae (42%) dominated Period III (complete ammonia and partial nitrite oxidation and low NH2Cl residual). An increase in Afipia (haloacetic acid-degrading bacteria) relative abundance (<2% to 42%) occurred during Period IV (minimal nitrification and moderate to high NH2Cl residual). Microbial community and operational data provided no evidence of taxa-time relationship, but rapid community transitions indicated that the system had experienced ecological regime shifts to alternative stable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Gomez-Alvarez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
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48
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Czekalski N, Gascón Díez E, Bürgmann H. Wastewater as a point source of antibiotic-resistance genes in the sediment of a freshwater lake. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:1381-90. [PMID: 24599073 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are currently discussed as emerging environmental contaminants. Hospital and municipal sewage are important sources of ARGs for the receiving freshwater bodies. We investigated the spatial distribution of different ARGs (sul1, sul2, tet(B), tet(M), tet(W) and qnrA) in freshwater lake sediments in the vicinity of a point source of treated wastewater. ARG contamination of Vidy Bay, Lake Geneva, Switzerland was quantified using real-time PCR and compared with total mercury (THg), a frequently particle-bound inorganic contaminant with known natural background levels. Two-dimensional mapping of the investigated contaminants in lake sediments with geostatistical tools revealed total and relative abundance of ARGs in close proximity of the sewage discharge point were up to 200-fold above levels measured at a remote reference site (center of the lake) and decreased exponentially with distance. Similar trends were observed in the spatial distribution of different ARGs, whereas distributions of ARGs and THg were only moderately correlated, indicating differences in the transport and fate of these pollutants or additional sources of ARG contamination. The spatial pattern of ARG contamination and supporting data suggest that deposition of particle-associated wastewater bacteria rather than co-selection by, for example, heavy metals was the main cause of sediment ARG contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Czekalski
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gascón Díez
- Group of Limnology and Environmental Geology, Institut F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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49
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Jenni S, Vlaeminck SE, Morgenroth E, Udert KM. Successful application of nitritation/anammox to wastewater with elevated organic carbon to ammonia ratios. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 49:316-326. [PMID: 24355291 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The nitritation/anammox process has been mainly applied to high-strength nitrogenous wastewaters with very low biodegradable organic carbon content (<0.5 g COD∙g N(-1)). However, several wastewaters have biodegradable organic carbon to nitrogen (COD/N) ratios between 0.5 and 1.7 g COD∙g N(-1) and thus, contain elevated amounts of organic carbon but not enough for heterotrophic denitrification. In this study, the influence of elevated COD/N ratios was studied on a nitritation/anammox process with suspended sludge. In a step-wise manner, the influent COD/N ratio was increased to 1.4 g COD∙g N(-1) by supplementing digester supernatant with acetate. The increasing availability of COD led to an increase of the nitrogen removal efficiency from around 85% with pure digester supernatant to >95% with added acetate while the nitrogen elimination rate stayed constant (275 ± 40 mg N∙L(-1)∙d(-1)). Anammox activity and abundance of anammox bacteria (AMX) were strongly correlated, and with increasing influent COD/N ratio both decreased steadily. At the same time, heterotrophic denitrification with nitrite and the activity of ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) gradually increased. Simultaneously, the sludge retention time (SRT) decreased significantly with increasing COD loading to about 15 d and reached critical values for the slowly growing AMX. When the SRT was increased by reducing biomass loss with the effluent, AMX activity and abundance started to rise again, while the AOB activity remained unaltered. Fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) showed that the initial AMX community shifted within only 40 d from a mixed AMX community to "Candidatus Brocadia fulgida" as the dominant AMX type with an influent COD/N ratio of 0.8 g COD∙g N(-1) and higher. "Ca. Brocadia fulgida" is known to oxidise acetate, and its ability to outcompete other types of AMX indicates that AMX participated in acetate oxidation. In a later phase, glucose was added to the influent instead of acetate. The new substrate composition did not significantly influence the nitrogen removal nor the AMX activity, and "Ca. Brocadia fulgida" remained the dominant type of AMX. Overall, this study showed that AMX can coexist with heterotrophic bacteria at elevated influent COD/N ratios if a sufficiently high SRT is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Jenni
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Ghent University, Laboratory for Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kai M Udert
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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50
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Bacterial structures and ecosystem functions in glaciated floodplains: contemporary states and potential future shifts. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:2361-73. [PMID: 23842653 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glaciated alpine floodplains are responding quickly to climate change through shrinking ice masses. Given the expected future changes in their physicochemical environment, we anticipated variable shifts in structure and ecosystem functioning of hyporheic microbial communities in proglacial alpine streams, depending on present community characteristics and landscape structures. We examined microbial structure and functioning during different hydrologic periods in glacial (kryal) streams and, as contrasting systems, groundwater-fed (krenal) streams. Three catchments were chosen to cover an array of landscape features, including interconnected lakes, differences in local geology and degree of deglaciation. Community structure was assessed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and microbial function by potential enzyme activities. We found each catchment to contain a distinct bacterial community structure and different degrees of separation in structure and functioning that were linked to the physicochemical properties of the waters within each catchment. Bacterial communities showed high functional plasticity, although achieved by different strategies in each system. Typical kryal communities showed a strong linkage of structure and function that indicated a major prevalence of specialists, whereas krenal sediments were dominated by generalists. With the rapid retreat of glaciers and therefore altered ecohydrological characteristics, lotic microbial structure and functioning are likely to change substantially in proglacial floodplains in the future. The trajectory of these changes will vary depending on contemporary bacterial community characteristics and landscape structures that ultimately determine the sustainability of ecosystem functioning.
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