1
|
Awosile B, Fritzler J, Levent G, Rahman MK, Ajulo S, Daniel I, Tasnim Y, Sarkar S. Genomic Characterization of Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Beta-Lactam Antimicrobials from Wild Hogs and Coyotes. Pathogens 2023; 12:929. [PMID: 37513776 PMCID: PMC10383658 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mobile genetic elements of 16 Escherichia coli isolates-with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime and imipenem-that were recovered from the fecal samples of coyotes and wild hogs from West Texas, USA. Whole-genome sequencing data analyses revealed distinct isolates with a unique sequence type and serotype designation. Among 16 isolates, 4 isolates were multidrug resistant, and 5 isolates harbored at least 1 beta-lactamase gene (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, or blaCTX-M-27) that confers resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials. Several isolates carried genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines (tet(A), tet(B), and tet(C)), aminoglycosides (aac(3)-IId, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3″)-lb, aadA5, and aph(6)-ld), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2, and sul3), amphenicol (floR), trimethoprim (dfrA1 and dfrA17), and macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLSB) agents (Inu(F), erm(B), and mph(A)). Nine isolates showed chromosomal mutations in the promoter region G of ampC beta-lactamase gene, while three isolates showed mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE quinolone resistance-determining regions, which confer resistance to quinolones. We also detected seven incompatibility plasmid groups, with incF being the most common. Different types of virulence genes were detected, including those that enhance bacterial fitness and pathogenicity. One blaCMY-2 positive isolate (O8:H28) from a wild hog was also a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli and was a carrier of the stx2A virulence toxin subtype. We report the detection of blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCTX-M-27 beta-lactamase genes in E. coli from coyotes for the first time. This study demonstrates the importance of wildlife as reservoirs of important multi-drug-resistant bacteria and provides information for future comparative genomic analysis with the limited literature on antimicrobial resistance dynamics in wildlife such as coyotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babafela Awosile
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Jason Fritzler
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Gizem Levent
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Md Kaisar Rahman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Samuel Ajulo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ian Daniel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yamima Tasnim
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Levent G, Schlochtermeier A, Vinasco J, Jennings J, Richeson J, Ives SE, Norman KN, Lawhon SD, Loneragan GH, Scott HM. Long-Term Effects of Single-Dose Cephalosporin or Macrolide Use on the Prevalence of AmpC and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in the Feces of Beef Cattle. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102071. [PMID: 36296347 PMCID: PMC9610231 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are serious public health threats. Due to an increasing number of reports of ESBL and AmpC producing Escherichia coli in agricultural settings, it is critical to understand the relationship between the use of two of the highest priority critically important human antibiotics (e.g., third generation cephalosporins [3GC] and macrolides) in food animals and their potential contribution to the selection of ESBL/AmpC E. coli. The objective of our randomized controlled feedlot trial was to measure the effects of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid and tulathromycin on 3GC resistant fecal E. coli populations in cattle before and at various time points after treatment up to and including at slaughter. Multi-level mixed-effects linear regression showed no effect of ceftiofur and tulathromycin on 3GC E. coli CFU counts at slaughter (Day 99); however, a significant (p < 0.05) population shift was observed from susceptible to 3GC resistant E. coli immediately after ceftiofur administration (Day 7). Among 799 fecal samples screened using selective media, 17.7% were ESBL/AmpC E. coli positive, which were further tested for phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility. The majority of the isolates from these plates were multidrug-resistant (94.3%) and expressed either AmpC (78.1%) or ESBL (28.1%) phenotype. A subset of isolates was whole-genome sequenced (n = 20) and identified to harbor chromosomal and/or plasmidal bla genes such as CMY-2, CTX-M, and TEM. Our findings show a time-dependent selection of antibiotics on 3GC-resistant E. coli. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant ESBL/AmpC E. coli found in cattle feces highlights the importance of prudent use of antibiotics in livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Levent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | | | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Jenny Jennings
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - John Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Samuel E. Ives
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Long NS, Wells JE, Berry ED, Legako JF, Woerner DR, Loneragan GH, Broadway PR, Carroll JA, Burdick Sanchez NC, Fernando SC, Bacon CM, Helmuth CL, Smock TM, Manahan JL, Hoffman AA, Hales KE. Metaphylactic antimicrobial effects on occurrences of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. measured longitudinally from feedlot arrival to harvest in high-risk beef cattle. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1940-1955. [PMID: 35766106 PMCID: PMC9546201 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims Our objective was to determine how injectable antimicrobials affected populations of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in feedlot cattle. Methods and Results Two arrival date blocks of high‐risk crossbred beef cattle (n = 249; mean BW = 244 kg) were randomly assigned one of four antimicrobial treatments administered on day 0: sterile saline control (CON), tulathromycin (TUL), ceftiofur (CEF) or florfenicol (FLR). Faecal samples were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 112, 182 and study end (day 252 for block 1 and day 242 for block 2). Hide swabs and subiliac lymph nodes were collected the day before and the day of harvest. Samples were cultured for antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. The effect of treatment varied by day across all targeted bacterial populations (p ≤ 0.01) except total E. coli. Total E. coli counts were greatest on days 112, 182 and study end (p ≤ 0.01). Tulathromycin resulted in greater counts and prevalence of Salmonella from faeces than CON at study end (p ≤ 0.01). Tulathromycin and CEF yielded greater Salmonella hide prevalence and greater counts of 128ERYRE. coli at study end than CON (p ≤ 0.01). No faecal Salmonella resistant to tetracyclines or third‐generation cephalosporins were detected. Ceftiofur was associated with greater counts of 8ERYREnterococcus spp. at study end (p ≤ 0.03). By the day before harvest, antimicrobial use did not increase prevalence or counts for all other bacterial populations compared with CON (p ≥ 0.13). Conclusions Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in feedlot cattle is not caused solely by using a metaphylactic antimicrobial on arrival, but more likely a multitude of environmental and management factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Long
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - J E Wells
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - E D Berry
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - J F Legako
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - D R Woerner
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - G H Loneragan
- Texas Tech University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - P R Broadway
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - J A Carroll
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - S C Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - C M Bacon
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - C L Helmuth
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - T M Smock
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - J L Manahan
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - A A Hoffman
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - K E Hales
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Resistomes and microbiome of meat trimmings and colon content from culled cows raised in conventional and organic production systems. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:21. [PMID: 35272712 PMCID: PMC8908682 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential to distribute bacteria resistant to antimicrobial drugs in the meat supply is a public health concern. Market cows make up a fifth of the U.S. beef produced but little is known about the entire population of bacteria (the microbiome) and entirety of all resistance genes (the resistome) that are found in this population. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the resistomes and microbiome of beef, dairy, and organic dairy market cows at slaughter. Methods Fifty-four (N = 54) composite samples of both colon content and meat trimmings rinsate samples were collected over six visits to two harvest facilities from cows raised in three different production systems: conventional beef, conventional dairy, and organic dairy (n = 3 samples per visit per production system). Metagenomic DNA obtained from samples were analyzed using target-enriched sequencing (resistome) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing (microbiome). Results All colon content samples had at least one identifiable antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG), while 21 of the 54 meat trimmings samples harbored at least one identifiable ARGs. Tetracycline ARGs were the most abundant class in both colon content and carcass meat trimmings. The resistome found on carcass meat trimmings was not significantly different by production system (P = 0.84, R2 = 0.00) or harvest facility (P = 0.10, R2 = 0.09). However, the resistome of colon content differed (P = 0.01; R2 = 0.05) among production systems, but not among the harvest facilities (P = 0.41; R2 = 0.00). Amplicon sequencing revealed differences (P < 0.05) in microbial populations in both meat trimmings and colon content between harvest facilities but not production systems (P > 0.05). Conclusions These data provide a baseline characterization of an important segment of the beef industry and highlight the effect that the production system where cattle are raised and the harvest facilities where an animal is processed can impact associated microbiome and resistomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00166-z.
Collapse
|
5
|
Awosile B, Eisnor J, Saab ME, Heider L, McClure JT. Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in retail meat products from the Maritime Provinces, Canada. Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:537-547. [PMID: 33242259 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in Escherichia coli isolates. The isolates were collected from retail meat products collected in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Our analyses involved the use of both selective and traditional culture methods; we also conducted genotype analyses using multiplex polymerase chain reactions. ESC-resistant (ESC-R) E. coli were detected in 33 of 559 samples (5.9%) using the traditional culture method, compared with 151 of 557 samples (27.1%) using the selective culture method. We recovered more isolates of ESC-R E. coli from poultry compared with beef and pork (P < 0.001). Multidrug resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), and AmpC phenotypes were more common in chicken-derived isolates than other retail meat products (P < 0.001). From the 98 isolates examined, 76 isolates (77.6%) were positive for either ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases or both. Among the 76 isolates, blaCMY-2 (78.9%), blaCTXM (46.1%), blaTEM (21.1%), and blaSHV (1.3%) genes were detected. Among the blaCTXM-producing isolates, blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-2, and blaCTXM-9 phylogenetic groups were detected. β-lactamase genes were more commonly detected in chicken-derived isolates compared with other meat types (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates the occurrence of ESBL- and AmpC-resistance genes in retail meat products in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. We found that selective culture significantly improved the recovery of ESC-R E. coli isolates from retail meat samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babafela Awosile
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Jessica Eisnor
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Matthew E Saab
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Luke Heider
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J T McClure
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schmidt JW. SMART Antimicrobial Resistance Goals to Drive Meat Safety Improvement. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.11218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns that food-animal production significantly contributes to antibiotic-resistant human infections have persisted for more than 20 years. Most antibiotic resistance concerns are generalized, not specific. By their nature, non- specific concerns are unfalsifiable and can never be scientifically alleviated or remediated. Therefore, antibiotic resistance meat safety improvement begins with defining SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time bound) antibiotic resistance goals. Two SMART goals related to high-priority antibiotic resistance in beef production are described as an example to facilitate scientific goal attainment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John William Schmidt
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adator EH, Narvaez-Bravo C, Zaheer R, Cook SR, Tymensen L, Hannon SJ, Booker CW, Church D, Read RR, McAllister TA. A One Health Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Beef Production, Sewage and Clinical Settings. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060885. [PMID: 32545206 PMCID: PMC7355928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and generic Escherichia coli from a One Health continuum of the beef production system in Alberta, Canada. A total of 705 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (ESCr) were obtained from: cattle feces (CFeces, n = 382), catch basins (CBasins, n = 137), surrounding streams (SStreams, n = 59), beef processing plants (BProcessing, n = 4), municipal sewage (MSewage; n = 98) and human clinical specimens (CHumans, n = 25). Generic isolates (663) included: CFeces (n = 142), CBasins (n = 185), SStreams (n = 81), BProcessing (n = 159) and MSewage (n = 96). All isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility to 9 antimicrobials and two clavulanic acid combinations. In ESCr, oxytetracycline (87.7%), ampicillin (84.4%) and streptomycin (73.8%) resistance phenotypes were the most common, with source influencing AMR prevalence (p < 0.001). In generic E. coli, oxytetracycline (51.1%), streptomycin (22.6%), ampicillin (22.5%) and sulfisoxazole (14.3%) resistance were most common. Overall, 88.8% of ESCr, and 26.7% of generic isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR in ESCr was high from all sources: CFeces (97.1%), MSewage (96.9%), CHumans (96%), BProcessing (100%), CBasins (70.5%) and SStreams (61.4%). MDR in generic E. coli was lower with CFeces (45.1%), CBasins (34.6%), SStreams (23.5%), MSewage (13.6%) and BProcessing (10.7%). ESBL phenotypes were confirmed in 24.7% (n = 174) ESCr and 0.6% of generic E. coli. Prevalence of bla genes in ESCr were blaCTXM (30.1%), blaCTXM-1 (21.6%), blaTEM (20%), blaCTXM-9 (7.9%), blaOXA (3.0%), blaCTXM-2 (6.4%), blaSHV (1.4%) and AmpC β-lactamase blaCMY (81.3%). The lower AMR in ESCr from SStreams and BProcessing and higher AMR in CHumans and CFeces likely reflects antimicrobial use in these environments. Although MDR levels were higher in ESCr as compared to generic E. coli, AMR to the same antimicrobials ranked high in both ESCr and generic E. coli sub-populations. This suggests that both sub-populations reflect similar AMR trends and are equally useful for AMR surveillance. Considering that MDR ESCr MSewage isolates were obtained without enrichment, while those from CFeces were obtained with enrichment, MSewage may serve as a hot spot for MDR emergence and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelia H. Adator
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Shaun R. Cook
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada; (S.R.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Lisa Tymensen
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada; (S.R.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Sherry J. Hannon
- Health Management Services Ltd, Okotoks, AB T1S 2A2, Canada; (S.J.H.); (C.W.B.)
| | - Calvin W. Booker
- Health Management Services Ltd, Okotoks, AB T1S 2A2, Canada; (S.J.H.); (C.W.B.)
| | - Deirdre Church
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (D.C.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Ron R. Read
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (D.C.); (R.R.R.)
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adator EH, Walker M, Narvaez-Bravo C, Zaheer R, Goji N, Cook SR, Tymensen L, Hannon SJ, Church D, Booker CW, Amoako K, Nadon CA, Read R, McAllister TA. Whole Genome Sequencing Differentiates Presumptive Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli along Segments of the One Health Continuum. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030448. [PMID: 32235751 PMCID: PMC7143971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has important implications for the continued use of antibiotics to control infectious diseases in both beef cattle and humans. AMR along the One Health continuum of the beef production system is largely unknown. Here, whole genomes of presumptive extended-spectrum β-lactamase E. coli (ESBL-EC) from cattle feces (n = 40), feedlot catch basins (n = 42), surrounding streams (n = 21), a beef processing plant (n = 4), municipal sewage (n = 30), and clinical patients (n = 25) are described. ESBL-EC were isolated from ceftriaxone selective plates and subcultured on ampicillin selective plates. Agreement of genotype-phenotype prediction of AMR ranged from 93.2% for ampicillin to 100% for neomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and enrofloxacin resistance. Overall, β-lactam (100%; blaEC, blaTEM-1, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M-), tetracycline (90.1%; tet(A), tet(B)) and folate synthesis (sul2) antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were most prevalent. The ARGs tet(C), tet(M), tet(32),blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaOXA-1, dfrA18, dfrA19, catB3, and catB4 were exclusive to human sources, while blaTEM-150, blaSHV-11–12,dfrA12, cmlA1, and cmlA5 were exclusive to beef cattle sources. Frequently encountered virulence factors across all sources included adhesion and type II and III secretion systems, while IncFIB(AP001918) and IncFII plasmids were also common. Specificity and prevalence of ARGs between cattle-sourced and human-sourced presumptive ESBL-EC likely reflect differences in antimicrobial use in cattle and humans. Comparative genomics revealed phylogenetically distinct clusters for isolates from human vs. cattle sources, implying that human infections caused by ESBL-EC in this region might not originate from beef production sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelia H. Adator
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
| | - Matthew Walker
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.W.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Noriko Goji
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Center for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada; (N.G.); (K.A.)
| | - Shaun R. Cook
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada; (S.R.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Lisa Tymensen
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4V6, Canada; (S.R.C.); (L.T.)
| | - Sherry J. Hannon
- Feedlot Health Management Services Ltd., Okotoks, AB T1S 2A2, Canada; (S.J.H.); (D.C.); (C.W.B.)
| | - Deirdre Church
- Feedlot Health Management Services Ltd., Okotoks, AB T1S 2A2, Canada; (S.J.H.); (D.C.); (C.W.B.)
| | - Calvin W. Booker
- Feedlot Health Management Services Ltd., Okotoks, AB T1S 2A2, Canada; (S.J.H.); (D.C.); (C.W.B.)
| | - Kingsley Amoako
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Center for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada; (N.G.); (K.A.)
| | - Celine A. Nadon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (M.W.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Ron Read
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada;
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (E.H.A.); (C.N.-B.)
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ohta N, Norby B, Loneragan GH, Vinasco J, den Bakker HC, Lawhon SD, Norman KN, Scott HM. Quantitative dynamics of Salmonella and E. coli in feces of feedlot cattle treated with ceftiofur and chlortetracycline. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225697. [PMID: 31791047 PMCID: PMC6887520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use in beef cattle is a risk factor for the expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella populations. However, actual changes in the quantity of Salmonella in cattle feces following antibiotic use have not been investigated. Previously, we observed an overall reduction in Salmonella prevalence in cattle feces associated with both ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) and chlortetracycline (CTC) use; however, during the same time frame the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella increased. The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the dynamics of Salmonella using colony counting (via a spiral-plating method) and hydrolysis probe-based qPCR (TaqMan® qPCR). Additionally, we quantified antibiotic-resistant Salmonella by plating to agar containing antibiotics at Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoint concentrations. Cattle were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups across 16 pens in 2 replicates consisting of 88 cattle each. Fecal samples from Days 0, 4, 8, 14, 20, and 26 were subjected to quantification assays. Duplicate qPCR assays targeting the Salmonella invA gene were performed on total community DNA for 1,040 samples. Diluted fecal samples were spiral plated on plain Brilliant Green Agar (BGA) and BGA with ceftriaxone (4 μg/ml) or tetracycline (16 μg/ml). For comparison purposes, indicator non-type-specific (NTS) E. coli were also quantified by direct spiral plating. Quantity of NTS E. coli and Salmonella significantly decreased immediately following CCFA treatment. CTC treatment further decreased the quantity of Salmonella but not NTS E. coli. Effects of antibiotics on the imputed log10 quantity of Salmonella were analyzed via a multi-level mixed linear regression model. The invA gene copies decreased with CCFA treatment by approximately 2 log10 gene copies/g feces and remained low following additional CTC treatment. The quantities of tetracycline or ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella were approximately 4 log10 CFU/g feces; however, most of the samples were under the quantification limit. The results of this study demonstrate that antibiotic use decreases the overall quantity of Salmonella in cattle feces in the short term; however, the overall quantities of antimicrobial-resistant NTS E. coli and Salmonella tend to remain at a constant level throughout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bo Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Henk C. den Bakker
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harvey M. Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tymensen L, Booker CW, Hannon SJ, Cook SR, Jokinen CC, Zaheer R, Read R, Boerlin P, McAllister TA. Plasmid Distribution among Escherichia coli from Livestock and Associated Wastewater: Unraveling Factors That Shape the Presence of Genes Conferring Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11666-11674. [PMID: 31532641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A key concern with agricultural wastewater storage ponds is that they may provide an environment conducive for horizontal exchange of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), thereby facilitating the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Central to this exchange are mobile genetic elements like plasmids; yet, the factors shaping their presence in agricultural environments remain poorly understood. Here, using Escherichia coli as a model bacterium, we examined genetic backgrounds and plasmid profiles of generic fecal and wastewater isolates and those possessing blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 genes (which confer resistance to third-generation cephalosporins) to delineate factors shaping the environmental persistence of plasmid-associated ARGs in beef cattle feedlots. The wastewater environment exerted minimal influence on plasmid repertoires, as the number of plasmids and distribution of different incompatibility groups did not differ between generic fecal and wastewater isolates. The blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 genes were associated with IncF and IncA/C plasmids, respectively, and host isolates possessing these ARGs had fewer plasmids than generic isolates, suggesting ARG-bearing plasmids may associate predominantly with such hosts to compensate for the metabolic burden imposed by these plasmids. Phylogeny also appeared to be a factor for blaCTX-M genes, as their bacterial hosts were restricted to particular genetic lineages, including the environmentally adapted ET-1 clade, as noted previously for these genes. Ultimately, these findings have important implications for evaluating human health risks of agricultural wastewater with respect to environmental persistence of ARGs and may help identify options for improving wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tymensen
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry , Lethbridge , Alberta Canada , T1J 4V6
| | - Calvin W Booker
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Ltd. , Okotoks , Alberta Canada , T1S 2A2
| | - Sherry J Hannon
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Ltd. , Okotoks , Alberta Canada , T1S 2A2
| | - Shaun R Cook
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry , Lethbridge , Alberta Canada , T1J 4V6
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lethbridge , Alberta Canada , T1J 4B1
| | - Cassandra C Jokinen
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry , Lethbridge , Alberta Canada , T1J 4V6
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lethbridge , Alberta Canada , T1J 4B1
| | - Ron Read
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta Canada , T1Y 6J4
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario Canada , N1G 2W1
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lethbridge , Alberta Canada , T1J 4B1
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Foster DM, Jacob ME, Farmer KA, Callahan BJ, Theriot CM, Kathariou S, Cernicchiaro N, Prange T, Papich MG. Ceftiofur formulation differentially affects the intestinal drug concentration, resistance of fecal Escherichia coli, and the microbiome of steers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223378. [PMID: 31584976 PMCID: PMC6777789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract likely drive antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria. Our objective was to determine the concentration of ceftiofur and its metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract of steers treated with ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) or ceftiofur hydrochloride (CHCL), determine the effect of these drugs on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fecal Escherichia coli, and evaluate shifts in the microbiome. Steers were administered either a single dose (6.6 mg/kg) of CCFA or 2.2 mg/kg of CHCL every 24 hours for 3 days. Ceftiofur and its metabolites were measured in the plasma, interstitium, ileum and colon. The concentration and MIC of fecal E. coli and the fecal microbiota composition were assessed after treatment. The maximum concentration of ceftiofur was higher in all sampled locations of steers treated with CHCL. Measurable drug persisted longer in the intestine of CCFA-treated steers. There was a significant decrease in E. coli concentration (P = 0.002) within 24 hours that persisted for 2 weeks after CCFA treatment. In CHCL-treated steers, the mean MIC of ceftiofur in E. coli peaked at 48 hours (mean MIC = 20.45 ug/ml, 95% CI = 10.29–40.63 ug/ml), and in CCFA-treated steers, mean MIC peaked at 96 hours (mean MIC = 10.68 ug/ml, 95% CI = 5.47–20.85 ug/ml). Shifts in the microbiome of steers in both groups were due to reductions in Firmicutes and increases in Bacteroidetes. CCFA leads to prolonged, low intestinal drug concentrations, and is associated with decreased E. coli concentration, an increased MIC of ceftiofur in E. coli at specific time points, and shifts in the fecal microbiota. CHCL led to higher intestinal drug concentrations over a shorter duration. Effects on E. coli concentration and the microbiome were smaller in this group, but the increase in the MIC of ceftiofur in fecal E. coli was similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Megan E. Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Kyle A. Farmer
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Callahan
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Casey M. Theriot
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Natalia Cernicchiaro
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Timo Prange
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Papich
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vikram A, Miller E, Arthur TM, Bosilevac JM, Wheeler TL, Schmidt JW. Similar Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance in U.S. Food Service Ground Beef Products with and without a "Raised without Antibiotics" Claim. J Food Prot 2018; 81:2007-2018. [PMID: 30476443 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
U.S. ground beef with "raised without antibiotics" (RWA) label claims are perceived as harboring fewer bacteria with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) than are found in conventional (CONV) ground beef with no such label claim. A total of 370 ground beef samples from CONV ( n = 191) and RWA ( n = 179) production systems were collected over 13 months from three food service suppliers. The following bacteria were cultured: Escherichia coli, tetracycline-resistant (TETr) E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCr) E. coli, Salmonella enterica, TETr S. enterica, 3GCr S. enterica, nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica, Enterococcus spp., erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., TETr Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. TETr E. coli was more frequently detected in CONV ground beef (CONV, 54.2%; RWA, 35.2%; P < 0.01), but supplier ( P < 0.01) and production system × suppler interaction ( P < 0.01) effects were also significant. Metagenomic DNA was isolated from each sample, and equal amounts of metagenomic DNA were pooled by supplier, month, and production system for 75 pooled samples (38 CONV, 37 RWA). The abundance of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aadA1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, blaKPC-2, erm(B), mecA, tet(A), tet(B), and tet(M) genes was assessed by quantitative PCR. The tet(A) (2.9-log2-fold change, P = 0.04) and tet(B) (5.6-log2-fold change) ( P = 0.03) genes were significantly more abundant in RWA ground beef. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that ground beef microbiomes differed more by supplier than by production system. These results were consistent with prior research suggesting antimicrobial use in U.S. beef cattle has minimal impact on the AMR of bacteria found in these products. These results should spur a reevaluation of assumptions regarding the impact of antimicrobial use during U.S. beef production on the AMR of bacteria in ground beef.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Vikram
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Eric Miller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Joseph M Bosilevac
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| | - John W Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-0474 [T.M.A.], http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-9097 [T.L.W.], http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-2436 [J.W.S.])
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tymensen L, Zaheer R, Cook SR, Amoako KK, Goji N, Read R, Booker CW, Hannon SJ, Neumann N, McAllister TA. Clonal expansion of environmentally-adapted Escherichia coli contributes to propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in beef cattle feedlots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:657-664. [PMID: 29758422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Livestock wastewater lagoons represent important environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), although factors contributing to their proliferation within these reservoirs remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized Escherichia coli from feedlot cattle feces and associated wastewater lagoons using CRISPR1 subtyping, and demonstrated that while generic E. coli were genetically diverse, populations were dominated by several 'feedlot-adapted' CRISPR types (CTs) that were widely distributed throughout the feedlot. Moreover, E. coli bearing beta-lactamase genes, which confer reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporin's, predominantly belonged to these feedlot-adapted CTs. Remarkably, the genomic region containing the CRISPR1 allele was more frequently subject to genetic exchange among wastewater isolates compared to fecal isolates, implicating this region in environmental adaptation. This allele is proximal to the mutS-rpoS-nlpD region, which is involved in regulating recombination barriers and adaptive stress responses. There were no loss-of-function mutS or rpoS mutations or beneficial accessory genes present within the mutS-rpoS-nlpD region that would account for increased environmental fitness among feedlot-adapted isolates. However, comparative sequence analysis revealed that protein sequences within this region were conserved among most feedlot-adapted CTs, but not transient fecal CTs, and did not reflect phylogenetic relatedness, implying that adaptation to wastewater environments may be associated with genetic variation related to stress resistance. Collectively, our findings suggest adaptation of E. coli to feedlot environments may contribute to propagation of ARGs in wastewater lagoons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tymensen
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4V6, Canada.
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Shaun R Cook
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4V6, Canada
| | - Kingsley K Amoako
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Center for Animal Disease, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Noriko Goji
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Center for Animal Disease, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ron Read
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T1Y 6J4, Canada
| | - Calvin W Booker
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Ltd., Okotoks, Alberta T1S 2A2, Canada
| | - Sherry J Hannon
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Ltd., Okotoks, Alberta T1S 2A2, Canada
| | - Norman Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Authority, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferguson KM, Jacob ME, Theriot CM, Callahan BJ, Prange T, Papich MG, Foster DM. Dosing Regimen of Enrofloxacin Impacts Intestinal Pharmacokinetics and the Fecal Microbiota in Steers. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2190. [PMID: 30283418 PMCID: PMC6156522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The intestinal concentrations of antimicrobial drugs that select for resistance in fecal bacteria of cattle are poorly understood. Our objective was to associate active drug concentrations in the intestine of steers with changes in the resistance profile and composition of the fecal microbiome. Methods: Steers were administered either a single dose (12.5 mg/kg) or 3 multiple doses (5 mg/kg) of enrofloxacin subcutaneously every 24 h. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations in intestinal fluid were measured over 96 h, and the abundance and MIC of E. coli in culture and the composition of the fecal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were assessed over 192 h after initial treatment. Results: Active drug concentrations in the ileum and colon exceeded plasma and interstitial fluid concentrations, but were largely eliminated by 48 h after the last dose. The concentration of E. coli in the feces significantly decreased during peak drug concentrations, but returned to baseline by 96 h in both groups. The median MIC of E. coli isolates increased for 24 h in the single dose group, and for 48 h in the multiple dose group. The median MIC was higher in the multiple dose group when compared to the single dose group starting 12 h after the initial dose. The diversity of the fecal microbiota did not change in either treatment group, and taxa-specific changes were primarily seen in phyla commonly associated with the rumen. Conclusions: Both dosing regimens of enrofloxacin achieve high concentrations in the intestinal lumen, and the rapid elimination mitigates long-term impacts on fecal E. coli resistance and the microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Ferguson
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Megan E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Casey M Theriot
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin J Callahan
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Timo Prange
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mark G Papich
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Derek M Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hardefeldt L, Nielsen T, Crabb H, Gilkerson J, Squires R, Heller J, Sharp C, Cobbold R, Norris J, Browning G. Veterinary Students' Knowledge and Perceptions About Antimicrobial Stewardship and Biosecurity-A National Survey. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E34. [PMID: 29670064 PMCID: PMC6023091 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of veterinary students’ perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge about antimicrobial stewardship and biosecurity could facilitate more effective education of future veterinarians about these important issues. A multicenter cross-sectional study was performed by administering a questionnaire to veterinary students expected to graduate in 2017 or 2018 in all Australian veterinary schools. Four hundred and seventy-six of 1246 students (38%) completed the survey. Many students were unaware of the high importance of some veterinary drugs to human medicine, specifically enrofloxacin and cefovecin (59% and 47% of responses, respectively). Fewer than 10% of students would use appropriate personal protective equipment in scenarios suggestive of Q fever or psittacosis. Students expected to graduate in 2018 were more likely to select culture and susceptibility testing in companion animal cases (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.33–2.69, p < 0.001), and were more likely to appropriately avoid antimicrobials in large animal cases (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.26–2.44, p = 0.001) than those expected to graduate in 2017. However, 2018 graduates were less likely to correctly identify the importance rating of veterinary antimicrobials for human health (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.34–0.67, p < 0.001) than 2017 graduates. Students reported having a good knowledge of antimicrobial resistance, and combating resistance, but only 34% thought pharmacology teaching was adequate and only 20% said that teaching in lectures matched clinical teaching. Efforts need to be made to harmonize preclinical and clinical teaching, and greater emphasis is needed on appropriate biosecurity and antimicrobial stewardship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hardefeldt
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Grattan St, Carlton, VIC 3050, Australia.
| | - Torben Nielsen
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
| | - Helen Crabb
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Grattan St, Carlton, VIC 3050, Australia.
| | - James Gilkerson
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
| | - Richard Squires
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Jane Heller
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Claire Sharp
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Rowland Cobbold
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Glenn Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Grattan St, Carlton, VIC 3050, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Awosile B, McClure J, Sanchez J, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Keefe G, Heider LC. Salmonella enterica and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli recovered from Holstein dairy calves from 8 farms in New Brunswick, Canada. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3271-3284. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
17
|
Impact of "Raised without Antibiotics" Beef Cattle Production Practices on Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01682-17. [PMID: 28887421 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01682-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific antimicrobial resistance (AMR) decreases that can be expected from reducing antimicrobial (AM) use in U.S. beef production have not been defined. To address this data gap, feces were recovered from 36 lots of "raised without antibiotics" (RWA) and 36 lots of "conventional" (CONV) beef cattle. Samples (n = 719) were collected during harvest and distributed over a year. AMR was assessed by (i) the culture of six AM-resistant bacteria (ARB), (ii) quantitative PCR (qPCR) for 10 AMR genes (ARGs), (iii) a qPCR array of 84 ARGs, and (iv) metagenomic sequencing. Generally, AMR levels were similar, but some were higher in CONV beef cattle. The prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCr) Escherichia coli was marginally different between production systems (CONV, 47.5%; RWA, 34.8%; P = 0.04), but the seasonal effect (summer, 92.8%; winter, 48.3%; P < 0.01) was greater. Erythromycin-resistant (ERYr) Enterococcus sp. concentrations significantly differed between production systems (CONV, 1.91 log10 CFU/g; RWA, 0.73 log10 CFU/g; P < 0.01). Levels of aadA1, ant(6)-I, bla ACI, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(Q), tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), and tet(X) ARGs were higher (P < 0.05) in the CONV system. Aggregate abundances of all 43 ARGs detected by metagenomic sequencing and the aggregate abundances of ARGs in the aminoglycoside, β-lactam, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS), and tetracycline AM classes did not differ (log2 fold change < 1.0) between CONV and RWA systems. These results suggest that further reductions of AM use in U.S. beef cattle production may not yield significant AMR reductions beyond MLS and tetracycline resistance.IMPORTANCE The majority of antimicrobial (AM) use in the United States is for food-animal production, leading to concerns that typical AM use patterns during "conventional" (CONV) beef cattle production in the United States contribute broadly to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurrence. In the present study, levels of AMR were generally similar between CONV and "raised without antibiotics" (RWA) cattle. Only a limited number of modest AMR increases was observed in CONV cattle, primarily involving macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) and tetracycline resistance. Macrolides (tylosin) and tetracyclines (chlortetracycline) are administered in-feed for relatively long durations to reduce liver abscesses. To ensure judicious AM use, the animal health, economic, and AMR impacts of shorter duration in-feed administration of these AMs should be examined. However, given the modest AMR reductions observed, further reductions of AM use in U.S. beef cattle production may not yield significant AMR reductions beyond MLS and tetracycline resistance.
Collapse
|
18
|
Population dynamics of enteric Salmonella in response to antimicrobial use in beef feedlot cattle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14310. [PMID: 29085049 PMCID: PMC5662634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized controlled longitudinal field trial was undertaken to assess the effects of injectable ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) versus in-feed chlortetracycline on the temporal dynamics of Salmonella enterica spp. enterica in feedlot cattle. Two replicates of 8 pens (total 176 steers) received one of 4 different regimens. All, or one, out of 11 steers were treated with CCFA on day 0 in 8 pens, with half of the pens later receiving three 5-day regimens of chlortetracycline from day 4 to day 20. Salmonella was isolated from faecal samples and antimicrobial susceptibility was analysed via microbroth dilution. Serotype was determined by whole-genome sequencing. On day 0, mean Salmonella prevalence was 75.0% and the vast majority of isolates were pansusceptible. Both antimicrobials reduced overall prevalence of Salmonella; however, these treatments increased the proportion of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella from day 4 through day 26, which was the last day of faecal collection. Only six Salmonella serotypes were detected. Salmonella serotype Reading isolates were extensively MDR, suggesting a strong association between serotype and resistance. Our study demonstrates that the selection pressures of a 3rd generation cephalosporin and chlortetracycline during the feeding period contribute to dynamic population shifts between antimicrobial susceptible and resistant Salmonella.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mollenkopf D, Mathys D, Dargatz D, Erdman M, Habing G, Daniels J, Wittum T. Genotypic and epidemiologic characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant Salmonella enterica from US beef feedlots. Prev Vet Med 2017; 146:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Tymensen L, Booker CW, Hannon SJ, Cook SR, Zaheer R, Read R, McAllister TA. Environmental Growth of Enterococci and Escherichia coli in Feedlot Catch Basins and a Constructed Wetland in the Absence of Fecal Input. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5386-5395. [PMID: 28430425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Population structures of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) isolated from catch basins, a constructed wetland, and feces from a beef cattle feedlot were compared over a two-year period. Enterococcus hirae accounted for 92% of the fecal isolates, whereas secondary environments were characterized by greater relative abundance of environmentally adapted species including Enterococcus casseliflavus. While enterococci densities in the catch basins and wetland were similar under wet and drought conditions, E. hirae predominated during rainy periods, while E. casseliflavus predominated during drought conditions. Environmentally adapted species accounted for almost half of the erythromycin resistant enterococci isolated from the wetland. Densities of Escherichia coli were also comparable during wet versus drought conditions, and the relative abundance of strains from environmentally adapted clades was greater in secondary environments compared to feces. Unlike enterococci, fewer environmentally adapted E. coli strains were isolated on selective media containing ceftriaxone from the wetland compared to feces, suggesting resistance to this antibiotic may not be well maintained in the absence of selective pressure. Overall, these findings suggest that secondary environments select for environmentally adapted FIB. While these species and clades tend to be of limited clinical relevance, they could potentially serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tymensen
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry , 100, 5401 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada , T1J 4 V6
| | - Calvin W Booker
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Ltd. , Okotoks, Alberta, Canada , T1S 2A2
| | - Sherry J Hannon
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Ltd. , Okotoks, Alberta, Canada , T1S 2A2
| | - Shaun R Cook
- Irrigation and Farm Water Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry , 100, 5401 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada , T1J 4 V6
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada , T1J 4B1
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada , T1J 4B1
| | - Ron Read
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada , T1Y 6J4
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada , T1J 4B1
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jahanbakhsh S, Letellier A, Fairbrother JM. Circulating of CMY-2 β-lactamase gene in weaned pigs and their environment in a commercial farm and the effect of feed supplementation with a clay mineral. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 121:136-48. [PMID: 27138244 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the mechanisms leading to an increase in the prevalence of blaCMY -2 conferring resistance to ceftiofur in pigs receiving a feed medicated with chlortetracycline and penicillin, and to examine the effect of supplementation with a clay mineral on this phenomenon. METHODS AND RESULTS In 138 blaCMY -2 -positive Escherichia coli isolates from faeces of pigs receiving feed supplemented or not with 2% clinoptilolite, from day 2 to day 28 after weaning, isolates from the two groups differed significantly with respect to their phylogenetic group: phylotype A predominated in the supplemented group, whereas phylotypes B1 and D predominated in the control group, as determined by PCR. In 36 representative isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the blaCMY -2 -positive E. coli isolates were polyclonal with diverse antimicrobial resistance patterns and blaCMY -2 -carrying plasmids of incompatibility (Inc) groups, A/C, I1 and ColE were observed in transformants as detected by PCR. Enterobacter cloacae possessing blaCMY -2 -carrying IncA/C plasmids were found in the pens before introduction of this batch of pigs. The blaCMY -2 -positive E. coli isolates were more clonally diverse in the control group than the supplemented group. CONCLUSIONS The blaCMY -2 gene appears to have spread both horizontally and clonally in this batch of pigs and may have spread from previous batches of pigs via plasmids carried by Ent. cloacae and expanded in animals of the present batch in the presence of the selection pressure due to administration of chlortetracycline and penicillin in the feed. Feed supplementation may have an effect on clonal diversity of blaCMY -2 -positive isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Implementation of improved hygiene measures, decreased administration of certain antimicrobials on farm and feed supplementation with certain ingredients may limit antimicrobial resistance spread between and within batches of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jahanbakhsh
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - A Letellier
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - J M Fairbrother
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Agga GE, Schmidt JW, Arthur TM. Antimicrobial-Resistant Fecal Bacteria from Ceftiofur-Treated and Nonantimicrobial-Treated Comingled Beef Cows at a Cow–Calf Operation. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:598-608. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E. Agga
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | - John W. Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | - Terrance M. Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
An assessment of evidence data gaps in the investigation of possible transmission routes of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from livestock to humans in the UK. Prev Vet Med 2016; 124:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
24
|
Agga GE, Arthur TM, Durso LM, Harhay DM, Schmidt JW. Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacterial Populations and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Obtained from Environments Impacted by Livestock and Municipal Waste. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26197056 PMCID: PMC4510610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the populations of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and the repertoire of antimicrobial resistance genes in four environments: effluent of three municipal wastewater treatment facilities, three cattle feedlot runoff catchment ponds, three swine waste lagoons, and two "low impact" environments (an urban lake and a relict prairie). Multiple liquid and solid samples were collected from each environment. The prevalences and concentrations of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) and Gram-positive (enterococci) bacteria were determined from individual samples (n = 174). The prevalences of 84 antimicrobial resistance genes in metagenomic DNA isolated from samples pooled (n = 44) by collection date, location, and sample type were determined. The prevalences and concentrations of AMR E. coli and Salmonella were similar among the livestock and municipal sample sources. The levels of erythromycin-resistant enterococci were significantly higher in liquid samples from cattle catchment ponds and swine waste lagoons than in liquid samples from municipal wastewater treatment facilities, but solid samples from these environments did not differ significantly. Similarly, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli concentrations were significantly higher in swine liquid than in municipal liquid samples, but there was no difference in solid samples. Multivariate analysis of the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes using principal coordinate analysis showed distinct clustering of samples with livestock (cattle and swine), low impact environment and municipal samples forming three separate clusters. The numbers of class A beta-lactamase, class C beta-lactamase, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes detected were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in municipal samples than in cattle runoff or swine lagoon samples. In conclusion, we report that AMR is a very widespread phenomenon and that similar prevalences and concentrations of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes exist in cattle, human, and swine waste streams, but a higher diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes are present in treated human waste discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants than in livestock environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getahun E. Agga
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Terrance M. Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Durso
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Dayna M. Harhay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - John W. Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Foster DM, Jacob ME, Warren CD, Papich MG. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ceftiofur in plasma, interstitial fluid, and gastrointestinal tract of calves after subcutaneous injection, and bactericidal impacts on representative enteric bacteria. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 39:62-71. [PMID: 25989138 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study's objectives were to determine intestinal antimicrobial concentrations in calves administered enrofloxacin or ceftiofur sodium subcutaneously, and their impact on representative enteric bacteria. Ultrafiltration devices were implanted in the ileum and colon of 12 steers, which received either enrofloxacin or ceftiofur sodium. Samples were collected over 48 h after drug administration for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Enterococcus faecalis or Salmonella enterica (5 × 10(5) CFU/mL of each) were exposed in vitro to peak and tail (48 h postadministration) concentrations of both drugs at each location for 24 h to determine inhibition of growth and change in MIC. Enrofloxacin had tissue penetration factors of 1.6 and 2.5 in the ileum and colon, while ciprofloxacin, an active metabolite of enrofloxacin, was less able to cross into the intestine (tissue penetration factors of 0.7 and 1.7). Ceftiofur was rapidly eliminated leading to tissue penetration factors of 0.39 and 0.25. All concentrations of enrofloxacin were bactericidal for S. enterica and significantly reduced E. faecalis. Peak ceftiofur concentration was bactericidal for S. enterica, and tail concentrations significantly reduced growth. E. faecalis experienced growth at all ceftiofur concentrations. The MICs for both organisms exposed to peak and tail concentrations of antimicrobials were unchanged at the end of the study. Enrofloxacin and ceftiofur achieved intestinal concentrations capable of reducing intestinal bacteria, yet the short exposure of ceftiofur in the intestine may select for resistant organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - C D Warren
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M G Papich
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schmidt JW, Agga GE, Bosilevac JM, Brichta-Harhay DM, Shackelford SD, Wang R, Wheeler TL, Arthur TM. Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in the Beef Cattle Production and Processing Continuum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:713-25. [PMID: 25398858 PMCID: PMC4277590 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03079-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific concerns have been raised that third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC(r)) Escherichia coli, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant (COT(r)) E. coli, 3GC(r) Salmonella enterica, and nalidixic acid-resistant (NAL(r)) S. enterica may be present in cattle production environments, persist through beef processing, and contaminate final products. The prevalences and concentrations of these organisms were determined in feces and hides (at feedlot and processing plant), pre-evisceration carcasses, and final carcasses from three lots of fed cattle (n = 184). The prevalences and concentrations were further determined for strip loins from 103 of the carcasses. 3GC(r) Salmonella was detected on 7.6% of hides during processing and was not detected on the final carcasses or strip loins. NAL(r) S. enterica was detected on only one hide. 3GC(r) E. coli and COT(r) E. coli were detected on 100.0% of hides during processing. Concentrations of 3GC(r) E. coli and COT(r) E. coli on hides were correlated with pre-evisceration carcass contamination. 3GC(r) E. coli and COT(r) E. coli were each detected on only 0.5% of final carcasses and were not detected on strip loins. Five hundred and 42 isolates were screened for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence-associated markers. Only two COT(r) E. coli isolates from hides were ExPEC, indicating that fed cattle products are not a significant source of ExPEC causing human urinary tract infections. The very low prevalences of these organisms on final carcasses and their absence on strip loins demonstrate that current sanitary dressing procedures and processing interventions are effective against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Getahun E Agga
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joseph M Bosilevac
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dayna M Brichta-Harhay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Steven D Shackelford
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Agga GE, Scott HM, Amachawadi RG, Nagaraja TG, Vinasco J, Bai J, Norby B, Renter DG, Dritz SS, Nelssen JL, Tokach MD. Effects of chlortetracycline and copper supplementation on antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli from weaned pigs. Prev Vet Med 2014; 114:231-46. [PMID: 24655578 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Feed-grade chlortetracycline (CTC) and copper are both widely utilized in U.S. pig production. Cluster randomized experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of CTC and copper supplementation in weaned pigs on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among fecal Escherichia coli. Four treatment groups: control, copper, CTC, or copper plus CTC were randomly allocated to 32 pens with five pigs per pen. Fecal samples were collected weekly from three pigs per pen for six weeks. Two E. coli isolates per fecal sample were tested for phenotypic and genotypic resistance against antibiotics and copper. Data were analyzed with multilevel mixed effects logistic regression, multivariate probit analysis and discrete time survival analysis. CTC-supplementation was significantly (99% [95% CI=98-100%]) associated with increased tetracycline resistance compared to the control group (95% [95% CI=94-97%]). Copper supplementation was associated with decreased resistance to most of the antibiotics tested, including cephalosporins, over the treatment period. Overall, 91% of the E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). tetA and blaCMY-2 genes were positively associated (P<0.05) with MDR categorization, while tetB and pcoD were negatively associated with MDR. tetA and blaCMY-2 were positively associated with each other and in turn, these were negatively associated with both tetB and pcoD genes; which were also positively associated with one another. Copper minimum inhibitory concentration was not affected by copper supplementation or by pcoD gene carriage. CTC supplementation was significantly associated with increased susceptibilities of E. coli to copper (HR=7 [95% CI=2.5-19.5]) during treatment period. In conclusion, E. coli isolates from the nursery pigs exhibited high levels of antibiotic resistance, with diverse multi-resistant phenotypic profiles. The roles of copper supplementation in pig production, and pco-mediated copper resistance among E. coli in particular, need to be further explored since a strong negative association of pco with both tetA and blaCMY-2 points to opportunities for selecting a more innocuous resistance profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Agga
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| | - H M Scott
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA.
| | - R G Amachawadi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| | - T G Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| | - J Vinasco
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| | - J Bai
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| | - B Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1413, USA
| | - D G Renter
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| | - S S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| | - J L Nelssen
- Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| | - M D Tokach
- Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kanwar N, Scott HM, Norby B, Loneragan GH, Vinasco J, McGowan M, Cottell JL, Chengappa MM, Bai J, Boerlin P. Effects of ceftiofur and chlortetracycline treatment strategies on antimicrobial susceptibility and on tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 resistance genes among E. coli isolated from the feces of feedlot cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80575. [PMID: 24260423 PMCID: PMC3834275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized controlled field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of two sets of treatment strategies on ceftiofur and tetracycline resistance in feedlot cattle. The strategies consisted of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) administered to either one or all of the steers within a pen, followed by feeding or not feeding a therapeutic dose of chlortetracycline (CTC). Eighty-eight steers were randomly allocated to eight pens of 11 steers each. Both treatment regimens were randomly assigned to the pens in a two-way full factorial design. Non-type-specific (NTS) E. coli (n = 1,050) were isolated from fecal samples gathered on Days 0, 4, 12, and 26. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using a microbroth dilution technique. PCR was used to detect tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 genes within each isolate. Chlortetracycline administration greatly exacerbated the already increased levels of both phenotypic and genotypic ceftiofur resistance conferred by prior CCFA treatment (P<0.05). The four treatment regimens also influenced the phenotypic multidrug resistance count of NTS E. coli populations. Chlortetracycline treatment alone was associated with an increased probability of selecting isolates that harbored tet(B) versus tet(A) (P<0.05); meanwhile, there was an inverse association between finding tet(A) versus tet(B) genes for any given regimen (P<0.05). The presence of a tet(A) gene was associated with an isolate exhibiting reduced phenotypic susceptibility to a higher median number of antimicrobials (n = 289, median = 6; 95% CI = 4-8) compared with the tet(B) gene (n = 208, median = 3; 95% CI = 3-4). Results indicate that CTC can exacerbate ceftiofur resistance following CCFA therapy and therefore should be avoided, especially when considering their use in sequence. Further studies are required to establish the animal-level effects of co-housing antimicrobial-treated and non-treated animals together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neena Kanwar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Matthew McGowan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Cottell
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muckatira M. Chengappa
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|