1
|
Adin SN, Gupta I, Panda BP, Mujeeb M. Monascin and ankaflavin-Biosynthesis from Monascus purpureus, production methods, pharmacological properties: A review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:137-147. [PMID: 35353924 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Monascus purpureus copiously yields beneficial secondary metabolites , including Monascus pigments, which are broadly used as food additives, as a nitrite substitute in meat products, and as a colorant in the food industry. Monascus yellow pigments (monascin and ankaflavin) have shown potential antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antibiotic, anticancer, and antiobesity activities. Cosmetic and textile industries are other areas where it has established its potential as a dye. This paper reviews the production methods of Monascus yellow pigments, biosynthesis of Monascus pigments from M. purpureus, factors affecting yellow pigment production during fermentation, and the pharmacological properties of monascin and ankaflavin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nashvia Adin
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Zhao J, Huang Y, Xin Q, Wang Z. Diversifying of Chemical Structure of Native Monascus Pigments. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3143. [PMID: 30622522 PMCID: PMC6308397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Red Yeast Rice, produced by solid state fermentation of Monascus species on rice, is a traditional food additive and traditional Chinese medicine. With the introduction of modern microbiology and biotechnology to the traditional edible filamentous fungi Monascus species, it has been revealed that the production of red colorant by fermentation of Monascus species involves the biosynthesis of orange Monascus pigments and further chemical modification of orange Monascus pigments into the corresponding derivates with various amine residues. Further study indicates that non-Monascus species also produce Monascus pigments as well as Monascus-like pigments. Based on the chemical modification of orange Monascus pigments, the diversification of native Monascus pigments, including commercial food additives of Red Monascus Pigments® and Yellow Monascus Pigments® in Chinese market, was reviewed. Furthermore, Monascus pigments as well as their derivates as enzyme inhibitors for anti-obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia was also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- Shandong Zhonghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Binzhou, China
| | - Yaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agboyibor C, Kong WB, Chen D, Zhang AM, Niu SQ. Monascus pigments production, composition, bioactivity and its application: A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Wai Chiu
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yam-Kau Poon
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng CF, Pan TM. Monascus-fermented red mold dioscorea protects mice against alcohol-induced liver injury, whereas its metabolites ankaflavin and monascin regulate ethanol-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 expression in HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1889-1898. [PMID: 28902410 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic hepatitis is a necroinflammatory process that is associated with fibrosis and leads to cirrhosis in 40% of cases. The hepatoprotective effects of red mold dioscorea (RMD) from Monascus purpureus NTU 568 were evaluated in vivo using a mouse model of chronic alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). RESULTS ALD mice were orally administered vehicle (ALD group) or vehicle plus 307.5, 615.0 or 1537.5 mg kg-1 (1 ×, 2 × and 5 ×) RMD for 5 weeks. RMD lowered serum leptin, hepatic total cholesterol, free fatty acid and hepatic triglyceride levels and increased serum adiponectin, hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzyme levels. Furthermore, ankaflavin (AK) and monascin (MS), metabolites of RMD fermented with M. purpureus 568, induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression and the concomitant suppression of ethanol-induced elevation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 and TG in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate the hepatoprotective effect of Monascus-fermented RMD. Moreover, AK and MS were identified as the active constituents of RMD for the first time and were shown to protect against ethanol-induced liver damage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fu Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beneficial Effects of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 Pigments and Derivatives: A Mini Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010098. [PMID: 29301350 PMCID: PMC6017178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of Monascus pigments and related byproducts, via microbial fermentation, has been broadly utilized as coloring by traditional food industries and as a natural textile dye. In addition to these traditional purposes, Monascus pigments have been recently favored for a variety of commercial and academic purposes. Pigments and derivatives formed during Monascus fermentation have pharmaceutical and clinical properties that can counteract common diseases, including obesity, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. Various research attempts have investigated the optimum conditions for this derived compound synthesis, as well as the still-unknown bio-functional effects. Recently, several studies were conducted using Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 and its derivatives. These experimental outcomes potentially reflect the bio-functional features of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093. However, no publication to date provides an overview of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093's unique metabolite products, functionalities, or biological pathways. In order to develop profitable commercial applications of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093, it is necessary not only to conduct continuous research, but also to systematically organize previous Monascus studies. The goals of this review are to investigate the current derivatives of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 pigments-some of which have demonstrated newly-identified functionality-and the relevant uses of these molecules for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical purposes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu F, Liu L, Huang Y, Zhang X, Wang Z. Production of Monascus pigments as extracellular crystals by cell suspension culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:677-687. [PMID: 29177624 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Monascus pigments are predominantly cell-bound, including both intracellular and surface-bound pigments. This long-term misconception was corrected in the present work. Production of extracellular crystal pigments by submerged culture of Monascus sp. was confirmed by microscopic observation and collection of Monascus pigments from extracellular broth by direct membrane filtration. Following up the new fact, the bioactivity of mycelia as whole-cell biocatalyst for biosynthesis and biodegradation of Monascus pigments had been detailedly examined in both an aqueous solution and a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Based on those experimental results, cell suspension culture in an aqueous medium was developed as a novel strategy for accumulation of high concentration of Monascus pigments. Thus, glucose feeding during submerged culture in the aqueous medium was carried out successfully and high orange Monascus pigments concentration of near 4 g/L was achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Lu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaolin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding Y, Pu L, Kan J. Hypolipidemic effects of lipid-lowering granulated tea preparation from Monascus-fermented grains (adlay and barley bran) mixed with lotus leaves on Sprague–Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
9
|
Seong PN, Ba HV, Kim YS, Kang SM, Cho SH, Kim JH, Park BY, Kang GH, Moon SS, Seo HW. Effects of Additions of Monascus and Laccaic acid on the Color and Quality Properties of Nitrite-Free Emulsion Sausage during Refrigerated Storage. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:10-17. [PMID: 28316466 PMCID: PMC5355573 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This effect of Monascus and Laccaic acid on the chemical composition, physical, texture and sensory properties of sausage were investigated during storage. Eight treatments (T) of sausage such as T1 (12 ppm sodium nitrite), while T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 were formulated with different ratios of Monascus/Laccaic acid: 63/7.0, 108/12, 135/15, 59.5/10.5, 102/18 and 127.5/22.5 ppm, respectively. The batch formulated without nitrite or Monascus and laccaic acid was served as control (C). The control sausages had higher pH values compared to the treated ones at 3, 10 and 28 d storage (p<0.05). After 10 d storage, the pH values decreased in treated sausage samples (p<0.05). The T1 and T4 presented the lowest yellowness and lightness values, respectively over the storage period. The redness values were increased as increasing Monascus and Laccaic acid amounts (T2-T4, T5-T7). The addition of Monascus and Laccaic acid had significantly higher hardness and springiness values (p<0.05) compared with the control in 3, 19 or 28 d storage. The results indicated that the addition of Monascus and Laccaic acid could improve the redness of the products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Nam Seong
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hoa Van Ba
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sun-Moon Kang
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Beom-Young Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Woo Seo
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Monascus: a Reality on the Production and Application of Microbial Pigments. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:211-23. [PMID: 26472672 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Monascus species can produce yellow, orange, and red pigments, depending on the employed cultivation conditions. They are classified as natural pigments and can be applied for coloration of meat, fishes, cheese, beer, and pates, besides their use in inks for printer and dyes for textile, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. These natural pigments also present antimicrobial activity on pathogenic microorganisms and other beneficial effects to the health as antioxidant and anticholesterol activities. Depending on the substrates, the operational conditions (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen), and fermentation mode (state solid fermentation or submerged fermentation), the production can be directed for one specific color dye. This review has a main objective to present an approach of Monascus pigments as a reality to obtaining and application of natural pigments by microorganisms, as to highlight properties that makes this pigment as promising for worldwide industrial applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
El-Baz AF, El-Batal AI, Abomosalam FM, Tayel AA, Shetaia YM, Yang ST. Extracellular biosynthesis of anti-Candida silver nanoparticles using Monascus purpureus. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:531-40. [PMID: 26515502 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An eco-friendly process for the silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) biosynthesis was investigated using the fungus Monascus purpureus as a safe and commercially used microorganism. M. purpureus growth filtrate was used for the reduction of the aqueous silver nitrate into Ag-NPs with almost 100% size range of 1-7 nm, which was considered as one of the smallest microbial biosynthesized Ag-NPs. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs were structurally characterized using UV, FTIR, DLS, TEM, and XRD. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs were stable after 3 months with no alteration in shape or size. M. purpureus showed no nitrate reductase activity, whereas its pigments reducing power was decreased after nanoparticles formation indicating its role in the Ag-NPs biosynthesis. The synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against different bacteria and yeasts species. The anti-Candida activity of M. purpureus culture filtrate was enhanced in the presence of Ag-NPs; the maximum increase in microbial inhibition was observed against Candida albicans with 1.73 increased folds of inhibition zones, followed by their activity against C. tropicalis and C. glabrata with 0.919- and 0.694-folds of increase, respectively. The obtained results suggest that the biosynthesized Ag-NPs offers a promising cost-effective, eco-friendly, and an alternative way to the conventional method of synthesis that could have wide applications in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf F El-Baz
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farag M Abomosalam
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Tayel
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Yousria M Shetaia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antiobesity effect of a jelly food containing the L-tryptophan derivative of Monascus pigment in mice. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
13
|
Priatni S, Damayanti S, Saraswaty V, Ratnaningrum D, Singgih M. The Utilization of Solid Substrates on Monascus Fermentation for Anticholesterol Agent Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Feng Y, Shao Y, Chen F. Monascus pigments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1421-40. [PMID: 23104643 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) as natural food colorants have been widely utilized in food industries in the world, especially in China and Japan. Moreover, MPs possess a range of biological activities, such as anti-mutagenic and anticancer properties, antimicrobial activities, potential anti-obesity activities, and so on. So, in the past two decades, more and more attention has been paid to MPs. Up to now, more than 50 MPs have been identified and studied. However, there have been some reviews about red fermented rice and the secondary metabolites produced by Monascus, but no monograph or review of MPs has been published. This review covers the categories and structures, biosynthetic pathway, production, properties, detection methods, functions, and molecular biology of MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choe D, Lee J, Woo S, Shin CS. Evaluation of the amine derivatives of Monascus pigment with anti-obesity activities. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Cheng CF, Pan TM. Protective effect of Monascus-fermented red mold rice against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9950-9957. [PMID: 21861523 DOI: 10.1021/jf202577t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Monascus purpureus NTU 568 fermented rice is reported to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects, including antitumor, antihypertriglyceridemia, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease remains obscure. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of Monascus-fermented red mold rice (RMR) was evaluated in vivo using chronic alcohol-induced mice as an experimental model. The alcohol-induced mice were orally treated with RMR at 307.5 mg/kg (1-fold), 615 mg/kg (2-fold), and 1537.5 mg/kg (5-fold) for 5 weeks, whereas controls received vehicle only. Treatment with RMR significantly attenuated the increased level of serum transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol accumulation. Furthermore, RMR elevates hepatic antioxidant ability that reduced hepatic cell damage (steatosis) and decreased tissue inflammatory cytokine levels. These findings suggest that Monascus-fermented RMR may represent a novel, protective strategy against alcoholic liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Fu Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chysirichote T, Asami K, Ohtaguchi K. Relation between Hyphal Growth and Red Pigment Production of the Fungus Monascus ruber NBRC 32318 on Rice Starch Agar. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.11we074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhiro Asami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shi YC, Pan TM. Characterization of a MultifunctionalMonascusIsolate NTU 568 with High Azaphilone Pigments Production. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2010.524474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Schindhelm S, Weber A, Andrés-Barrao C, Schelling C, Stchigel A, Cano J, Veuthey JL, Bourgeois J, Barja F. Biochemical and morphological characterization of a new fungal contaminant in balsamic and cider vinegars. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903052904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Monascus kaoliang CBS 302.78 immobilized in tailor-made agars as catalyst for reduction of ketones: On the quest for a green biocatalyst. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
21
|
Lotong N, Suwanarit P. Fermentation of ang-kak in plastic bags and regulation of pigmentation by initial moisture content. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb05221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
The fermentation products of Monascus, especially those produced by solid-state fermentation of rice, have been used as food and health remedies for over 1000 years in China. Monascus rice products (MRPs) are currently being used as health foods in the United States and many Asian countries such as Japan, Taiwan, China, Korea, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Many studies have shown that Monascus spp. produce commercially viable metabolites, including food colorants, cholesterol-lowering agents, and antibiotics. The most important bioactive compound isolated from Monascus is monacolin K, which is identical to the potent cholesterol-lowering, antiatherosclerotic drug lovastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Several species of the genus Monascus also produce citrinin, a mycotoxin harmful to the hepatic and renal systems. Monacolin K and citrinin are polyketide fungal metabolites. The biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of polyketides, including monacolin K and citrinin, have been elucidated in Aspergillus and Monascus. The concern for safety is, therefore, high for the development of MRPs as health foods. Other attractive applications for MRPs are likely, as supported by recent studies that indicate that MRPs contain other substances (flavonoids, polyunsaturated fats, phytosterols, pyrrolinic compounds, and others) with a wide variety of biological activities and pharmacological potentials. Their effects in lowering blood sugar and triacylglycerol while raising HDL-C are more pronounced than those of monacolin K alone. Beyond cholesterol lowering, MRP may also be an ideal candidate for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tseng-Hsing Wang
- Liquor Research Institute, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee CL, Wang JJ, Kuo SL, Pan TM. Monascus fermentation of dioscorea for increasing the production of cholesterol-lowering agent--monacolin K and antiinflammation agent--monascin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:1254-62. [PMID: 16568313 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Revised: 02/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Monacolin K, an inhibitor for cholesterol synthesis, is the secondary metabolite of Monascus species. The formation of the secondary metabolites of the Monascus species is affected by cultivation environment and method. This research uses sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), potato (Solanum tuberosum), casava (Manihot esculenta), and dioscorea (Dioscorea batatas) as the substrates and discusses the best substrate to produce monacolin K. The results show that Monascus purpureus NTU 301, with dioscorea as the substrate, can produce monacolin K at 2,584 mg kg(-1), which is 5.37 times to that resulted when rice is used as the substrate. In addition, more amount of yellow pigment can be found in Monascus-fermented dioscorea than in Monascus-fermented rice. The certain composition of yellow pigment is identified as monascin, which has been shown as an antiinflammation agent exhibiting potent inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice in previous studies. Therefore, dioscorea is concluded to be the best substrate for Monascus species to produce the cholesterol-lowering agent-monacolin K and antiinflammation agent-monascin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Tapei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Krairak S, Yamamura K, Irie R, Nakajima M, Shimizu H, Chim-Anage P, Yongsmith B, Shioya S. Maximizing yellow pigment production in fed-batch culture of Monascus sp. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 90:363-7. [PMID: 16232873 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2000] [Accepted: 06/01/2000] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Yellow pigment production in exponential fed-batch cultivation of Monascus sp. was studied. Due to the difficulty of measuring the optical density for accurate determination of the cell concentration, a capacitance probe was employed on-line. The feed rate needed to keep the specific growth rate, mu, constant in fed-batch culture was determined on the basis of the cell concentration measured by the capacitance probe. Control of mu was improved by using updated information on the cell concentration compared with the simple feed-forward determination method using the initial cell concentration only. The highest specific pigment production rate was achieved with a mu of 0.02 h(-1) in the feeding phase. However, among several fermentation examined, the largest pigment production in the final step was obtained at a mu of 0.01 h(-1); in each case the same amount of substrates was used. An investigation of the optimal initial glucose concentration revealed that pigment production was maximum when the initial glucose concentration in the batch mode was 10 g/l and mu was 0.01 h(-1) in the fed-batch mode. It was also found that the pellet weight in the fermentation could be accurately estimated by image analysis. The ratio of the mycelium weight to the total cell weight estimated from information on the total cell weight and the estimated pellet weight was found to be more than 80%. However, no clear quantitative relationship could be discerned between the specific pigment production rate, rho, and the ratio of mycelium in the cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Krairak
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dufossé L, Galaup P, Yaron A, Arad SM, Blanc P, Chidambara Murthy KN, Ravishankar GA. Microorganisms and microalgae as sources of pigments for food use: a scientific oddity or an industrial reality? Trends Food Sci Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
26
|
Yongsmith B, Kitprechavanich V, Chitradon L, Chaisrisook C, Budda N. Color mutants of Monascus sp. KB9 and their comparative glucoamylases on rice solid culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
RAPD analysis of genetic variation within a collection of Monascus spp. isolated from red rice (ang-kak) and sofu. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756299001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
28
|
Rosenblitt A, Agosin E, Delgado J, Pérez-Correa R. Solid Substrate Fermentation of Monascus purpureus: Growth, Carbon Balance, and Consistency Analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.5420160201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
29
|
Barrios-González J, Mejía A. Production of secondary metabolites by solid-state fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 1998; 2:85-121. [PMID: 9704096 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(08)70007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are useful high value products that are normally produced by liquid culture; but could be advantageously produced by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Particularly if SSF could benefit from a deeper understanding of microbial physiology in a solid environment. Recent research indicates that different kind of secondary metabolites can be produced by SSF: antibiotics, phytohormones, food grade pigments, alkaloids, etc. Physiology in SSF shows several similarities with physiology in liquid medium, so similar strategies must be adapted for efficient processes. However, there are certain particularities of idiophase in solid medium which dictate the need for special strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Barrios-González
- Departmento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wakisaka Y, Segawa T, Imamura K, Sakiyama T, Nakanishi K. Development of a cylindrical apparatus for membrane-surface liquid culture and production of kojic acid using Aspergillus oryzae NRRL484. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(98)80067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Lee YK, Chen DC, Chauvatcharin S, Seki T, Yoshida T. Production of Monascus pigments by a solid-liquid state culture method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(95)91275-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Pastrana L, Blanc P, Santerre A, Loret M, Goma G. Production of red pigments by Monascus ruber in synthetic media with a strictly controlled nitrogen source. Process Biochem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(95)87042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Chen MH, Johns MR. Effect of carbon source on ethanol and pigment production by Monascus purpureus. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Yongsmith B, Krairak S, Bavavoda R. Production of yellow pigments in submerged culture of a mutant of Monascus spp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(94)90294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Yongsmith B, Tabloka W, Yongmanitchai W, Bavavoda R. Culture conditions for yellow pigment formation byMonascus sp. KB 10 grown on cassava medium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1993; 9:85-90. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00656524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/03/1992] [Accepted: 07/16/1992] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Chiu SW, Chan SM. Production of pigments byMonascus purpureus using sugar-cane bagasse in roller bottle cultures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1992; 8:68-70. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01200689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/1991] [Revised: 04/05/1991] [Accepted: 04/12/1991] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
38
|
Johns MR, Stuart DM. Production of pigments byMonascus purpureus in solid culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01575587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
39
|
Mak N, Fong W, Wong-Leung Y. Improved fermentative production of Monascus pigments in roller bottle culture. Enzyme Microb Technol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(90)90118-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|