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Augusto de Oliveira MF, Agne DB, Bastos LSS, Andrade de Oliveira LM, Saintive S, Goudouris ES, do Prado EA, Fragoso Dos Santos H, da Silva Pereira R, Cavalcante FS, de Carvalho Ferreira D, Dos Santos KRN. Atopic dermatitis pediatric patients show high rates of nasal and intestinal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38287251 PMCID: PMC10823624 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have high rates of colonization by Staphylococcus aureus, which has been associated with worsening of the disease. This study characterized Staphylococcus spp isolates recovered from nares and feces of pediatric patients with AD in relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, presence of pvl genes and clonality. Besides, gut bacterial community profiles were compared with those of children without AD. RESULTS All 55 AD patients evaluated had colonization by Staphylococcus spp. Fifty-three (96.4%) patients had colonization in both clinical sites, whereas one patient each was not colonize in the nares or gut. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in the nostrils and feces of 45 (81.8%) and 39 (70.9%) patients, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolates were found in 70.9% of the patients, and 24 (43.6%) had methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). S. aureus (55.6%) and S. epidermidis (26.5%) were the major species found. The prevalent lineages of S. aureus were USA800/SCCmecIV (47.6%) and USA1100/SCCmecIV (21.4%), and 61.9% of the evaluated patients had the same genotype in both sites. Additionally, gut bacterial profile of AD patients exhibits greater dissimilarity from the control group than it does among varying severities of AD. CONCLUSIONS High rates of nasal and intestinal colonization by S. aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates were found in AD patients. Besides, gut bacterial profiles of AD patients were distinctly different from those of the control group, emphasizing the importance of monitoring S. aureus colonization and gut microbiome composition in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernandes Augusto de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Daiane Bitencourt Agne
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Ludmila Sento Sé Bastos
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Laura Maria Andrade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cocos Patogênicos e Microbiota, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Simone Saintive
- Serviço de Dermatologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ekaterini Simoes Goudouris
- Serviço de Imunologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Evandro Alves do Prado
- Serviço de Imunologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Raphael da Silva Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Ecologia Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Sampaio Cavalcante
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Centro Multidisciplinar de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brasil
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590.
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Yum SJ, Lee HR, Yu SY, Seo DW, Kwon JH, Kim SM, Kim JH, Jeong HG. Characterization of the Bacterial Communities in Cichorium intybus According to Cultivation and Storage Conditions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1560. [PMID: 37375061 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicory leaves (Cichorium intybus) are widely consumed due to their health benefits. They are mainly consumed raw or without adequate washing, which has led to an increase in food-borne illness. This study investigated the taxonomic composition and diversity of chicory leaves collected at different sampling times and sites. The potential pathogenic genera (Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, and Bacillus) were identified on the chicory leaves. We also evaluated the effects of various storage conditions (enterohemorrhagic E. coli contamination, washing treatment, and temperature) on the chicory leaves' microbiota. These results provide an understanding of the microbiota in chicory and could be used to prevent food-borne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Yum
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Heoun-Reoul Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Division of Human Ecology, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Nencioni A, Pastorelli R, Bigiotti G, Cucu MA, Sacchetti P. Diversity of the Bacterial Community Associated with Hindgut, Malpighian Tubules, and Foam of Nymphs of Two Spittlebug Species (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020466. [PMID: 36838431 PMCID: PMC9967529 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spittlebugs are xylem-sap feeding insects that can exploit a nutrient-poor diet, thanks to mutualistic endosymbionts residing in various organs of their body. Although obligate symbioses in some spittlebug species have been quite well studied, little is known about their facultative endosymbionts, especially those inhabiting the gut. Recently, the role played by spittlebugs as vectors of the phytopathogenetic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa aroused attention to this insect group, boosting investigations aimed at developing effective yet sustainable control strategies. Since spittlebug nymphs are currently the main target of applied control, the composition of gut bacterial community of the juveniles of Philaenus spumarius and Lepyronia coleoptrata was investigated using molecular techniques. Moreover, bacteria associated with their froth, sampled from different host plants, were studied. Results revealed that Sodalis and Rickettsia bacteria are the predominant taxa in the gut of P. spumarius and L. coleoptrata nymphs, respectively, while Rhodococcus was found in both species. Our investigations also highlighted the presence of recurring bacteria in the froth. Furthermore, the foam hosted several bacterial species depending on the host plant, the insect species, or on soil contaminant. Overall, first findings showed that nymphs harbor a large and diverse bacterial community in their gut and froth, providing new accounts to the knowledge on facultative symbionts of spittlebugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Nencioni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA-AA), Via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Bigiotti
- Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA-AA), Via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Alexandra Cucu
- Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA-AA), Via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sacchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2755554
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Rosado-Porto D, Ratering S, Cardinale M, Maisinger C, Moser G, Deppe M, Müller C, Schnell S. Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 Modifies Mostly the Metabolic Active Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome in the Giessen FACE Experiment. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:619-634. [PMID: 34148108 PMCID: PMC8979872 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 lead to the increase of plant photosynthetic rates, carbon inputs into soil and root exudation. In this work, the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 levels on the metabolic active soil microbiome have been investigated at the Giessen free-air CO2 enrichment (Gi-FACE) experiment on a permanent grassland site near Giessen, Germany. The aim was to assess the effects of increased C supply into the soil, due to elevated CO2, on the active soil microbiome composition. RNA extraction and 16S rRNA (cDNA) metabarcoding sequencing were performed from bulk and rhizosphere soils, and the obtained data were processed for a compositional data analysis calculating diversity indices and differential abundance analyses. The structure of the metabolic active microbiome in the rhizospheric soil showed a clear separation between elevated and ambient CO2 (p = 0.002); increased atmospheric CO2 concentration exerted a significant influence on the microbiomes differentiation (p = 0.01). In contrast, elevated CO2 had no major influence on the structure of the bulk soil microbiome (p = 0.097). Differential abundance results demonstrated that 42 bacterial genera were stimulated under elevated CO2. The RNA-based metabarcoding approach used in this research showed that the ongoing atmospheric CO2 increase of climate change will significantly shift the microbiome structure in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosado-Porto
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, DE, Germany
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simón Bolívar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Stefan Ratering
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, DE, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Cardinale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Corinna Maisinger
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, DE, Germany
| | - Gerald Moser
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, DE, Germany
| | - Marianna Deppe
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, DE, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, DE, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvia Schnell
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, DE, Germany.
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de los Reyes AMM, Ocampo ETM, Manuel MCC, Mendoza BC. Analysis of the Bacterial and Fungal Community Profiles in Bulk Soil and Rhizospheres of Three Mungbean [<i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) R. Wilczek] Genotypes through PCR-DGGE. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56431/p-9q7fup] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Each plant species is regarded to substantially influence and thus, select for specific rhizosphere microbial populations. This is considered in the exploitation of soil microbial diversity associated with important crops, which has been of interest in modern agricultural practices for sustainable productivity. This study used PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) in order to obtain an initial assessment of the bacterial and fungal communities associated in bulk soil and rhizospheres of different mungbean genotypes under natural field conditions. Integrated use of multivariate analysis and diversity index showed plant growth stage as the primary driver of community shifts in both microbial groups while rhizosphere effect was found to be less discrete in fungal communities. On the other hand, genotype effect was not discerned but not inferred to be absent due to possible lack of manifestations of differences among genotypes based on tolerance to drought under non-stressed environment, and due to detection limits of DGGE. Sequence analysis of prominent members further revealed that Bacillus and Arthrobacter species were dominant in bacterial communities whereas members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were common in fungal communities of mungbean. Overall, fungal communities had higher estimated diversity and composition heterogeneity, and were more dynamic under plant growth influence, rhizosphere effect and natural environmental conditions during mungbean growth in upland field. These primary evaluations are prerequisite to understanding the interactions between plant and rhizosphere microorganisms with the intention of employing their potential use for sustainable crop production.
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de los Reyes AMM, Ocampo ETM, Manuel MCC, Mendoza BC. Analysis of the Bacterial and Fungal Community Profiles in Bulk Soil and Rhizospheres of Three Mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] Genotypes through PCR-DGGE. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.77.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Each plant species is regarded to substantially influence and thus, select for specific rhizosphere microbial populations. This is considered in the exploitation of soil microbial diversity associated with important crops, which has been of interest in modern agricultural practices for sustainable productivity. This study used PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) in order to obtain an initial assessment of the bacterial and fungal communities associated in bulk soil and rhizospheres of different mungbean genotypes under natural field conditions. Integrated use of multivariate analysis and diversity index showed plant growth stage as the primary driver of community shifts in both microbial groups while rhizosphere effect was found to be less discrete in fungal communities. On the other hand, genotype effect was not discerned but not inferred to be absent due to possible lack of manifestations of differences among genotypes based on tolerance to drought under non-stressed environment, and due to detection limits of DGGE. Sequence analysis of prominent members further revealed that Bacillus and Arthrobacter species were dominant in bacterial communities whereas members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were common in fungal communities of mungbean. Overall, fungal communities had higher estimated diversity and composition heterogeneity, and were more dynamic under plant growth influence, rhizosphere effect and natural environmental conditions during mungbean growth in upland field. These primary evaluations are prerequisite to understanding the interactions between plant and rhizosphere microorganisms with the intention of employing their potential use for sustainable crop production.
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Sacchetti P, Pastorelli R, Bigiotti G, Guidi R, Ruschioni S, Viti C, Belcari A. Olive fruit fly rearing procedures affect the vertical transmission of the bacterial symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:91. [PMID: 31847839 PMCID: PMC6918546 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The symbiosis between the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, and Candidatus Erwinia dacicola has been demonstrated as essential for the fly's larval development and adult physiology. The mass rearing of the olive fruit fly has been hindered by several issues, including problems which could be related to the lack of the symbiont, presumably due to preservatives and antibiotics currently used during rearing under laboratory conditions. To better understand the mechanisms underlying symbiont removal or loss during the rearing of lab colonies of the olive fruit fly, we performed experiments that focused on bacterial transfer from wild female flies to their eggs. In this research, eggs laid by wild females were treated with propionic acid solution, which is often used as an antifungal agent, a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X, or water (as a control). The presence of the bacterial symbiont on eggs was evaluated by real-time PCR and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS DGGE analysis showed a clear band with the same migration behavior present in all DGGE profiles but with a decreasing intensity. Molecular analyses performed by real-time PCR showed a significant reduction in Ca. E. dacicola abundance in eggs treated with propionic acid solution or a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and Triton X compared to those treated with water. In addition, the removal of bacteria from the surfaces of treated eggs was highlighted by scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate how the first phases of the colony-establishment process are important in maintaining the symbiont load in laboratory populations and suggest that the use of products with antimicrobial activity should be avoided. The results also suggest that alternative rearing procedures for the olive fruit fly should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Sacchetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA-AA), via di Lanciola, 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Bigiotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Ruschioni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Belcari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
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Bigiotti G, Pastorelli R, Guidi R, Belcari A, Sacchetti P. Horizontal transfer and finalization of a reliable detection method for the olive fruit fly endosymbiont, Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 31847845 PMCID: PMC6918556 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the most important insect pest in olive production, causing economic damage to olive crops worldwide. In addition to extensive research on B. oleae control methods, scientists have devoted much effort in the last century to understanding olive fly endosymbiosis with a bacterium eventually identified as Candidatus Erwinia dacicola. This bacterium plays a relevant role in olive fly fitness. It is vertically transmitted, and it benefits both larvae and adults in wild populations; however, the endosymbiont is not present in lab colonies, probably due to the antibiotics and preservatives required for the preparation of artificial diets. Endosymbiont transfer from wild B. oleae populations to laboratory-reared ones allows olive fly mass-rearing, thus producing more competitive flies for future Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications. RESULTS We tested the hypothesis that Ca. E. dacicola might be transmitted from wild, naturally symbiotic adults to laboratory-reared flies. Several trials have been performed with different contamination sources of Ca. E. dacicola, such as ripe olives and gelled water contaminated by wild flies, wax domes containing eggs laid by wild females, cages dirtied by faeces dropped by wild flies and matings between lab and wild adults. PCR-DGGE, performed with the primer set 63F-GC/518R, demonstrated that the transfer of the endosymbiont from wild flies to lab-reared ones occurred only in the case of cohabitation. CONCLUSIONS Cohabitation of symbiotic wild flies and non-symbiotic lab flies allows the transfer of Ca. E. dacicola through adults. Moreover, PCR-DGGE performed with the primer set 63F-GC/518R was shown to be a consistent method for screening Ca. E. dacicola, also showing the potential to distinguish between the two haplotypes (htA and htB). This study represents the first successful attempt at horizontal transfer of Ca. E. dacicola and the first step in acquiring a better understanding of the endosymbiont physiology and its relationship with the olive fly. Our research also represents a starting point for the development of a laboratory symbiotic olive fly colony, improving perspectives for future applications of the Sterile Insect Technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bigiotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA-AA), via di Lanciola, 12/A, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Belcari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sacchetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, via Maragliano 77, 50144 Florence, Italy
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Leaf-associated microbiota on perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) cultivated in South Korea to detect the potential risk of food poisoning. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Varela AE, Lang JF, Wu Y, Dalphin MD, Stangl AJ, Okuno Y, Cavagnero S. Kinetic Trapping of Folded Proteins Relative to Aggregates under Physiologically Relevant Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7682-7698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela E. Varela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan F. Lang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yufan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew D. Dalphin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Stangl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Fernández‐López MG, Popoca‐Ursino C, Sánchez‐Salinas E, Tinoco‐Valencia R, Folch‐Mallol JL, Dantán‐González E, Laura Ortiz‐Hernández M. Enhancing methyl parathion degradation by the immobilization of Burkholderia sp. isolated from agricultural soils. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6:e00507. [PMID: 28714263 PMCID: PMC5635158 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are of great interest for research because they are currently the most commonly used pesticides. In this study, a bacterial strain capable of completely degrading methyl parathion (MP) was isolated from agricultural soils in central Mexico. This strain was designated strain S5-2 and was identified as Burkholderia cenocepacia. To increase degradation yields, cells were immobilized on three different supports: powdered zeolite and Opuntia sp. and Agave sp. fibers. The results indicated a significant increase in MP hydrolysis and p-nitrophenol (PNP) degradation with immobilized cells compared to free cell cultures. Furthermore, immobilized cells were capable of withstanding and degrading higher concentrations of PNP compared to cell suspension cultures. The cell viability in the free cell cultures, as well as PNP degradation, was affected at concentrations greater than 25 mg/L. In contrast, cells immobilized on Opuntia sp. and Agave sp. fibers completely degraded PNP at concentrations of 100 mg/L. To verify that MP solution toxicity was decreased by B. cenocepacia strain S5-2 via pesticide degradation, we measured the acetylcholinesterase activity, both before and after treatment with bacteria. The results demonstrate that the activity of acetylcholinesterase was unaffected after MP degradation by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Gilberto Fernández‐López
- Centro de Investigación en BiotecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMéxico
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular del Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y AplicadasUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMéxico
| | - Carolina Popoca‐Ursino
- Centro de Investigación en BiotecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMéxico
| | - Enrique Sánchez‐Salinas
- Centro de Investigación en BiotecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMéxico
| | - Raunel Tinoco‐Valencia
- Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavacaMorelosMéxico
| | - Jorge Luis Folch‐Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en BiotecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMéxico
| | - Edgar Dantán‐González
- Centro de Investigación en BiotecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMéxico
| | - Ma Laura Ortiz‐Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en BiotecnologíaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMéxico
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Metagenomic analyses of bacterial endophytes associated with the phyllosphere of a Bt maize cultivar and its isogenic parental line from South Africa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:80. [PMID: 28341909 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modification of maize with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry proteins may predispose shifts in the bacterial endophytes' community associated with maize shoots. In this study, the diversity of bacterial endophytes associated with a Bt maize genotype (Mon810) and its isogenic non-transgenic parental line were investigated at pre-flowering (50 days) and post-flowering (90 days) developmental stages. PCR-DGGE and high throughput sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq sequencer were used to characterize bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity in leaves, stems, seeds and tassels. PCR-DGGE profile revealed similarity as well as differences between bacterial communities of shoots in both cultivars and at both developmental stages. A total of 1771 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the MiSeq and assigned into 14 phyla, 27 classes, 58 orders, 116 families and 247 genera. Differences in alpha and beta diversity measures of OTUs between the phyllospheres of both genotypes were not significant (P > .05) at all developmental stages. In all cultivars, OTU diversity reduced with plant development. OTUs belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria were dominant in all maize phyllospheres. The class Gammaproteobacteria was dominant in Bt maize while, Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria were dominant in non-Bt maize phyllospheres. Differences in the abundance of some genera, including Acidovorax, Burkerholderia, Brachybacterium, Enterobacter and Rhodococcus, whose species are known beneficial endophytes were observed between cultivars. Hierarchical cluster analysis further suggests that the bacterial endophyte communities of both maize genotypes associate differently (are dissimilar). Overall, the results suggest that bacterial endophytes community differed more across developmental stages than between maize genotypes.
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García-Depraect O, Guerrero-Barajas C, Jan-Roblero J, Ordaz A. Characterization of a Marine Microbial Community Used for Enhanced Sulfate Reduction and Copper Precipitation in a Two-Step Process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:452-467. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zelaya-Molina LX, Hernández-Soto LM, Guerra-Camacho JE, Monterrubio-López R, Patiño-Siciliano A, Villa-Tanaca L, Hernández-Rodríguez C. Ammonia-Oligotrophic and Diazotrophic Heavy Metal-Resistant Serratia liquefaciens Strains from Pioneer Plants and Mine Tailings. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:324-346. [PMID: 27138047 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mine tailings are man-made environments characterized by low levels of organic carbon and assimilable nitrogen, as well as moderate concentrations of heavy metals. For the introduction of nitrogen into these environments, a key role is played by ammonia-oligotrophic/diazotrophic heavy metal-resistant guilds. In mine tailings from Zacatecas, Mexico, Serratia liquefaciens was the dominant heterotrophic culturable species isolated in N-free media from bulk mine tailings as well as the rhizosphere, roots, and aerial parts of pioneer plants. S. liquefaciens strains proved to be a meta-population with high intraspecific genetic diversity and a potential to respond to these extreme conditions. The phenotypic and genotypic features of these strains reveal the potential adaptation of S. liquefaciens to oligotrophic and nitrogen-limited mine tailings with high concentrations of heavy metals. These features include ammonia-oligotrophic growth, nitrogen fixation, siderophore and indoleacetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, biofilm formation, moderate tolerance to heavy metals under conditions of diverse nitrogen availability, and the presence of zntA, amtB, and nifH genes. The acetylene reduction assay suggests low nitrogen-fixing activity. The nifH gene was harbored in a plasmid of ∼60 kb and probably was acquired by a horizontal gene transfer event from Klebsiella variicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily X Zelaya-Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Luis M Hernández-Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jairo E Guerra-Camacho
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ricardo Monterrubio-López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Alfredo Patiño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - César Hernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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Four-year bacterial monitoring in the International Space Station-Japanese Experiment Module "Kibo" with culture-independent approach. NPJ Microgravity 2016; 2:16007. [PMID: 28725725 PMCID: PMC5515537 DOI: 10.1038/npjmgrav.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the relationships between humans and microbes in space habitation environments are critical for success in long-duration space missions, to reduce potential hazards to the crew and the spacecraft infrastructure. We performed microbial monitoring in the Japanese Experiment Module "Kibo", a part of the International Space Station, for 4 years after its completion, and analyzed samples with modern molecular microbiological techniques. Sampling was performed in September 2009, February 2011, and October 2012. The surface of the incubator, inside the door of the incubator, an air intake, air diffuser, and handrail were selected as sampling sites. Sampling was performed using the optimized swabbing method. Abundance and phylogenetic affiliation of bacteria on the interior surfaces of Kibo were determined by quantitative PCR and pyrosequencing, respectively. Bacteria in the phyla Proteobacteria (γ-subclass) and Firmicutes were frequently detected on the interior surfaces in Kibo. Families Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were dominant. Most bacteria detected belonged to the human microbiota; thus, we suggest that bacterial cells are transferred to the surfaces in Kibo from the astronauts. Environmental bacteria such as Legionella spp. were also detected. From the data on bacterial abundance and phylogenetic affiliation, Kibo has been microbiologically well maintained; however, the microbial community structure in Kibo may change with prolonged stay of astronauts. Continuous monitoring is required to obtain information on changes in the microbial community structure in Kibo.
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Evaluation of a Parchment Document, the 13th Century Incorporation Charter for the City of Krakow, Poland, for Microbial Hazards. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2620-31. [PMID: 26896133 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03851-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature of environmental microbiology broadly discusses issues associated with microbial hazards in archives, but these publications are mainly devoted to paper documents. There are few articles on historical parchment documents, which used to be very important for the development of literature and the art of writing. These studies present a broad spectrum of methods for the assessment of biodeterioration hazards of the parchment document in question. They are based on both conventional microbiological methods and advanced techniques of molecular biology. Here, a qualitative analysis was conducted, based on genetic identification of bacteria and fungi present on the document as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling and examining the destructive potential of isolated microbes. Moreover, the study involved a quantitative and qualitative microbiological assessment of the indoor air in the room where the parchment was kept. The microbes with the highest destructive potential that were isolated from the investigated item were Bacillus cereus and Acinetobacter lwoffii bacteria and Penicillium chrysogenum,Chaetomium globosum, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum fungi. The presence of the B. cereuss train was particularly interesting since, under appropriate conditions, it leads to complete parchment degradation within several days.
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García-Solares SM, Ordaz A, Monroy-Hermosillo O, Jan-Roblero J, Guerrero-Barajas C. High sulfate reduction efficiency in a UASB using an alternative source of sulfidogenic sludge derived from hydrothermal vent sediments. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2919-40. [PMID: 25234397 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfidogenesis in reactors is mostly achieved through adaptation of predominantly methanogenic granular sludge to sulfidogenesis. In this work, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor operated under sulfate-reducing conditions was inoculated with hydrothermal vent sediments to carry out sulfate reduction using volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as substrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/SO4 (-2) ratios between 0.49 and 0.64. After a short period of adaptation, a robust non-granular sludge was capable of achieving high sulfate reduction efficiencies while avoiding competence with methanogens and toxicity to the microorganisms due to high sulfide concentration. The highest sulfide concentration (2,552 mg/L) was obtained with acetate/butyrate, and sulfate reduction efficiencies were up to 98 %. A mixture of acetate/butyrate, which produced a higher yielding of HS(-), was preferred over acetate/propionate/butyrate since the consumption of COD was minimized during the process. Sludge was analyzed, and some of the microorganisms identified in the sludge belong to the genera Desulfobacterium, Marinobacter, and Clostridium. The tolerance of the sludge to sulfide may be attributed to the syntrophy among these microorganisms, some of which have been reported to tolerate high concentrations of sulfide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the analysis of the direct utilization of hydrothermal vent sediments as an alternate source of sludge for sulfate reduction under high sulfide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Montserrat García-Solares
- Departamento de Bioprocesos, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología (UPIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07340, Mexico
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Batista-García RA, Sánchez-Reyes A, Millán-Pacheco C, González-Zuñiga VM, Juárez S, Folch-Mallol JL, Pastor N. A novel TctA citrate transporter from an activated sludge metagenome: structural and mechanistic predictions for the TTT family. Proteins 2014; 82:1756-64. [PMID: 24493659 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a putative citrate transporter of the tripartite tricarboxylate transporter (TTT) class from a metagenomic library of activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. The transporter, dubbed TctA_ar, shares ∼50% sequence identity with TctA of Comamonas testosteroni (TctA_ct) and other β-Proteobacteria, and contains two 20-amino acid repeat signature sequences, considered a hallmark of this particular transporter class. The structures for both TctA_ar and TctA_ct were modeled with I-TASSER and two possible structures for this transporter family were proposed. Docking assays with citrate resulted in the corresponding sets of proposed critical residues for function. These models suggest functions for the 20-amino acid repeats in the context of the two different architectures. This constitutes the first attempt at structure modeling of the TTT family, to the best of our knowledge, and could aid functional understanding of this little-studied family.
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Bouizgarne B, Ait Ben Aouamar A. Diversity of Plant Associated Actinobacteria. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05936-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Piterina AV, Pembroke JT. Use of PCR-DGGE Based Molecular Methods to Analyse Microbial Community Diversity and Stability during the Thermophilic Stages of an ATAD Wastewater Sludge Treatment Process as an Aid to Performance Monitoring. ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 2013:162645. [PMID: 25937969 PMCID: PMC4393042 DOI: 10.5402/2013/162645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PCR and PCR-DGGE techniques have been evaluated to monitor biodiversity indexes within an ATAD (autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion) system treating domestic sludge for land spread, by examining microbial dynamics in response to elevated temperatures during treatment. The ATAD process utilises a thermophilic population to generate heat and operates at elevated pH due to degradation of sludge solids, thus allowing pasteurisation and stabilisation of the sludge. Genera-specific PCR revealed that Archaea, Eukarya and Fungi decline when the temperature reaches 59°C, while the bacterial lineage constitutes the dominant group at this stage. The bacterial community at the thermophilic stage, its similarity index to the feed material, and the species richness present were evaluated by PCR-DGGE. Parameters such as choice of molecular target (16S rDNA or rpoB genes), and electrophoresis condition, were optimised to maximise the resolution of the method for ATAD. Dynamic analysis of microbial communities was best observed utilising PCR-DGGE analysis of the V6-V8 region of 16S rDNA, while rpoB gene profiles were less informative. Unique thermophilic communities were shown to quickly adapt to process changes, and shown to be quite stable during the process. Such techniques may be used as a monitoring technique for process health and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Piterina
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences and the Material and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Tony Pembroke
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences and the Material and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Guérin-Faublée V, Flandrois JP, Pichat C, Boschiroli ML, Lamy B. Mycobacterium bourgelatii sp. nov., a rapidly growing, non-chromogenic species isolated from the lymph nodes of cattle. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:4669-4674. [PMID: 23990648 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.051979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three independent strains of a rapidly growing, non-chromogenic member of the genus Mycobacterium were isolated from lymph nodes of French cattle. Identification of the isolates was carried out using a polyphasic approach. The nearly complete SSU rRNA gene sequences (>1200 bp) of the strains MLB-A23, MLB-A30 and MLB-A84(T) were identical. A phylogenetic analysis of these unique SSU rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains were most closely related to Mycobacterium intermedium. Further phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences (2854 bp) of four housekeeping genes (hsp65, rpoB, sodA and tuf), the transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and SSU rRNA genes indicated that these three strains represented a distinct species that shares a common ancestor with M. intermedium. Phylogenetic and phenotypic data strongly indicate that the strains MLB-A23, MLB-A30 and MLB-A84(T) belong to a novel mycobacterial species for which the name Mycobacterium bourgelatii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MLB-A84(T) ( = CIP 110557(T) = DSM 45746(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Guérin-Faublée
- VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Département de Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Flandrois
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Pichat
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Maria Laura Boschiroli
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, du Travail et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons-Alfort, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- Université Montpellier 1, CNRS UMR 5119, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, Montpellier, France.,Centre Hospitalier de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Montpellier, France
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22
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Band smearing of PCR amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes: dependence on initial PCR target diversity. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:186-94. [PMID: 23954706 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Band smearing in agarose gels of PCR amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes is understood to comprise amplicons of varying sizes arising from PCR errors, and requires elimination. We consider that with amplified heterogeneous DNA, delayed electro-migration is caused not by PCR errors but by dsDNA structures that arise from imperfect strand pairing. The extent of band smearing was found to be proportional to the sequence heterogeneity in 16S rRNA variable regions. Denaturing alkaline gels showed that all amplified DNA was of the correct size. A novel bioinformatic approach was used to reveal that band smearing occurred due to imperfectly paired strands of the amplified DNA. Since the smear is a structural fraction of the correct size PCR product, it carries important information on richness and diversity of the target DNA. For accurate analysis, the origin of the smear must first be identified before it is eliminated by examining the amplified DNA in denaturing alkaline gels.
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Degradation of benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers by a bacterial consortium obtained from rhizosphere soil of Cyperus sp. grown in a petroleum-contaminated area. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:569-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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de Campos SB, Youn JW, Farina R, Jaenicke S, Jünemann S, Szczepanowski R, Beneduzi A, Vargas LK, Goesmann A, Wendisch VF, Passaglia LMP. Changes in root bacterial communities associated to two different development stages of canola (Brassica napus L. var oleifera) evaluated through next-generation sequencing technology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2013; 65:593-601. [PMID: 23064947 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Crop production may benefit from plant growth-promoting bacteria. The knowledge on bacterial communities is indispensable in agricultural systems that intend to apply beneficial bacteria to improve plant health and production of crops such as canola. In this work, the diversity of root bacterial communities associated to two different developmental phases of canola (Brassica napus L.) plants was assessed through the application of new generation sequencing technology. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from root samples from two different growth states of canola (rosette and flowering). It could be shown how bacterial communities inside the roots changed with the growing stage of the canola plants. There were differences in the abundance of the genera, family, and even the phyla identified for each sample. While in both root samples Proteobacteria was the most common phylum, at the rosette stage, the most common bacteria belonged to the family Pseudomonadaceae and the genus Pseudomonas, and in the flowering stage, the Xanthomonadaceae family and the genus Xanthomonas dominated the community. This implies in a switch in the predominant bacteria in the different developmental stages of the plant, suggesting that the plant itself interferes with the associated microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta B de Campos
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bricheux G, Le Moal G, Hennequin C, Coffe G, Donnadieu F, Portelli C, Bohatier J, Forestier C. Characterization and evolution of natural aquatic biofilm communities exposed in vitro to herbicides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 88:126-34. [PMID: 23200532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
River biofilms are assemblies of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms that can be affected by pollutants such as those found in watersheds and wastewater treatment plants. In the laboratory, experimental biofilms were formed from river water, and their overall composition was investigated. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and cytometry were used to assess the richness and diversity of these communities. The software Cytostack (available on request) was developed to treat and analyze the cytometric data. Measurements of chlorophyll-a and carotenoids were used to assess the global composition of the photoautotrophic community, whereas proteins, polysaccharides (PS) content, and esterase activities were used to assess overall changes in the mixed communities. We evaluated the effects that 3 weeks of treatment with the herbicides diuron and glyphosate (10 μg L(-1)) had on these biofilms. Exposed to diuron, bacterial communities adapted, changing their composition. Glyphosate inhibited growth of one autotrophic community but caused no chlorophyll deficit. As a whole, the biofilm acted as a micro-ecosystem, able to regulate and maintain a constant level of photosynthetic pigment through the structural adaptation of the autotrophic community. These results are one more proof that microbial diversity of aquatic biofilms is influenced by chemical stresses, potentially leading to disturbances within the ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Bricheux
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Hsiao YL, Ho WH, Yen JH. Vertical distribution in soil column and dissipation in soil of benzoylurea insecticides diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron and novaluron and effect on the bacterial community. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:380-386. [PMID: 22897835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzoylurea insecticides are used for prevention and eradication of household or field pests. However, few studies have investigated their distribution and dissipation in soils and the effects on the soil microbial community. We examined the dissipation and vertical distribution of diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron and novaluron and their effects on bacterial diversity in two soils in Taiwan. The dissipation of the three benzoylureas was concentration dependent. The half-life of 1, 10 and 50 mg kg(-1) concentration was from 3.0 to 45.9, 52.1 to 433.2 and 27.7 to 533.2 d, respectively. The proportion of residual benzoylureas in sterilized soils remained up to 83% at the end of the incubation, which implied that the dissipation was mainly by microorganisms. All three benzoylureas were not detected below 10 cm in soil column experiments. Comparison of initial pesticides concentrations (50 mg kg(-1)), diflubenzuron was detected at <1%. However, flufenoxuron and novaluron remained at >30% and 50% in Pu and Wl soil, respectively after leaching for 70 d. Furthermore, the presence of flufenoxuron and novaluron at 5- to 10-cm depth led to greater change in bacterial community diversity in Pu than Wl soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Hsiao
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Herrera-González VE, Ruiz-Ordaz N, Galíndez-Mayer J, Juárez-Ramírez C, Santoyo-Tepole F, Montiel EM. Biodegradation of the herbicide propanil, and its 3,4-dichloroaniline by-product in a continuously operated biofilm reactor. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:467-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Monira S, Shabnam SA, Alam NH, Endtz HP, Cravioto A, Alam M. 16S rRNA gene-targeted TTGE in determining diversity of gut microbiota during acute diarrhoea and convalescence. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2012; 30:250-256. [PMID: 23082626 PMCID: PMC3489940 DOI: 10.3329/jhpn.v30i3.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota play a vital role in health and nutrition but are greatly modified during severe diarrhoea due to purging and pathogenic colonization. To understand the extent of loss during and after diarrhoea, faecal samples collected from children (n=21) suffering from acute diarrhoea and from their healthy siblings (n=9) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-targeted universal primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE). The gut microbiota decreased significantly as indicated by the number of TTGE bands at day 0 of acute diarrhoea [patients vs healthy siblings: 11±0.9 vs 21.8±1.1 (mean ± standard error), p<0.01]. The number of bands showed a steady increase from day 1 to day 7; however, it remained significantly less than that in healthy siblings (15±0.9, p<0.01). These results suggest that appropriate therapeutic and post-diarrhoeal nutritional intervention might be beneficial for the early microbial restoration and recovery.
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MESH Headings
- Bangladesh
- Convalescence
- Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
- Diarrhea, Infantile/ethnology
- Diarrhea, Infantile/microbiology
- Diarrhea, Infantile/rehabilitation
- Dysentery/ethnology
- Dysentery/microbiology
- Dysentery/rehabilitation
- Feces/microbiology
- Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology
- Genetic Variation
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/metabolism
- Humans
- Infant
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
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29
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Degradation kinetics of 4-amino naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid by a biofilm-forming bacterial consortium under carbon and nitrogen limitations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:1169-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
By decolorization of azo dyes, caused by reductive cleavage of the azo linkage, toxic or recalcitrant amines are generated. The present study deals with the effect of the inflowing medium composition (C:N ratio) on the kinetic behavior of a bacterial biofilm-forming consortium, able to use as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur source, the molecule of 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (4ANS), which is one of the most recalcitrant byproducts generated by decolorization of azo dyes. All the experiments were carried out at room temperature in a lab-scale packed-bed biofilm reactor. Because environmental conditions affect the bioreactor performance, two mineral salts media containing 4ANS, with distinct C:N ratios; 0.68 (carbon as the limiting nutrient) and 8.57 (nitrogen as the limiting nutrient) were used to evaluate their effect on 4ANS biodegradation. By HPLC and COD measurements, the 4ANS removal rates and removal efficiencies were determined. The cultivable bacterial strains that compose the consortium were identified by their 16S rDNA gene sequence. With the enrichment technique used, a microbial consortium able to use efficiently 4ANS as the sole carbon source and energy, nitrogen and sulfur, was selected. The bacterial strains that constitute the consortium were isolated and identified. They belong to the following genera: Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Microbacterium, Nocardioides, and Oleomonas. The results obtained with this consortium showed, under nitrogen limitation, a remarkable increase in the 4ANS removal efficiency ηANS, and in the 4ANS volumetric removal rates R V,4ANS, as compared to those obtained under carbon limitation. Differences observed in bioreactor performance after changing the nutrient limitation could be caused by changes in biofilm properties and structure.
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30
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Kubo K, Lloyd KG, F Biddle J, Amann R, Teske A, Knittel K. Archaea of the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group are abundant, diverse and widespread in marine sediments. ISME JOURNAL 2012; 6:1949-65. [PMID: 22551871 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2012.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Members of the highly diverse Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group (MCG) are globally distributed in various marine and continental habitats. In this study, we applied a polyphasic approach (rRNA slot blot hybridization, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and catalyzed reporter deposition FISH) using newly developed probes and primers for the in situ detection and quantification of MCG crenarchaeota in diverse types of marine sediments and microbial mats. In general, abundance of MCG (cocci, 0.4 μm) relative to other archaea was highest (12-100%) in anoxic, low-energy environments characterized by deeper sulfate depletion and lower microbial respiration rates (P=0.06 for slot blot and P=0.05 for qPCR). When studied in high depth resolution in the White Oak River estuary and Hydrate Ridge methane seeps, changes in MCG abundance relative to total archaea and MCG phylogenetic composition did not correlate with changes in sulfate reduction or methane oxidation with depth. In addition, MCG abundance did not vary significantly (P>0.1) between seep sites (with high rates of methanotrophy) and non-seep sites (with low rates of methanotrophy). This suggests that MCG are likely not methanotrophs. MCG crenarchaeota are highly diverse and contain 17 subgroups, with a range of intragroup similarity of 82 to 94%. This high diversity and widespread distribution in subsurface sediments indicates that this group is globally important in sedimentary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Kubo
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
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31
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Aguirre-Garrido JF, Montiel-Lugo D, Hernández-Rodríguez C, Torres-Cortes G, Millán V, Toro N, Martínez-Abarca F, Ramírez-Saad HC. Bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere of three cactus species from semi-arid highlands in central Mexico. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 101:891-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Graue J, Kleindienst S, Lueders T, Cypionka H, Engelen B. Identifying fermenting bacteria in anoxic tidal-flat sediments by a combination of microcalorimetry and ribosome-based stable-isotope probing. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 81:78-87. [PMID: 22188432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach was developed to follow the successive utilization of organic carbon under anoxic conditions by microcalorimetry, chemical analyses of fermentation products and stable-isotope probing (SIP). The fermentation of (13) C-labeled glucose was monitored over 4 weeks by microcalorimetry in a stimulation experiment with tidal-flat sediments. Based on characteristic heat production phases, time points were selected for quantifying fermentation products and identifying substrate-assimilating bacteria by the isolation of intact ribosomes prior to rRNA-SIP. The preisolation of ribosomes resulted in rRNA with an excellent quality. Glucose was completely consumed within 2 days and was mainly fermented to acetate. Ethanol, formate, and hydrogen were detected intermittently. The amount of propionate that was built within the first 3 days stayed constant. Ribosome-based SIP of fully labeled and unlabeled rRNA was used for fingerprinting the glucose-degrading species and the inactive background community. The most abundant actively degrading bacterium was related to Psychromonas macrocephali (similarity 99%) as identified by DGGE and sequencing. The disappearance of Desulfovibrio-related bands in labeled rRNA after 3 days indicated that this group was active during the first degradation phase only. In summary, ribosome-based SIP in combination with microcalorimetry allows dissecting distinct phases in substrate turnover in a very sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Graue
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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33
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Marty F, Ghiglione JF, Païssé S, Gueuné H, Quillet L, van Loosdrecht MCM, Muyzer G. Evaluation and optimization of nucleic acid extraction methods for the molecular analysis of bacterial communities associated with corroded carbon steel. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:363-380. [PMID: 22500778 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.672644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Different DNA and RNA extraction approaches were evaluated and protocols optimized on in situ corrosion products from carbon steel in marine environments. Protocols adapted from the PowerSoil DNA/RNA Isolation methods resulted in the best nucleic acid (NA) extraction performances (ie combining high NA yield, quality, purity, representativeness of microbial community and processing time efficiency). The PowerSoil RNA Isolation Kit was the only method which resulted in amplifiable RNA of good quality (ie intact 16S/23S rRNA). Sample homogenization and hot chemical (SDS) cell lysis combined with mechanical (bead-beating) lysis in presence of a DNA competitor (skim milk) contributed to improving substantially (around 23 times) the DNA yield of the PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit. Apart from presenting NA extraction strategies for optimizing extraction parameters with corrosion samples from carbon steel, this study proposes DNA and RNA extraction procedures suited for comparative molecular analysis of total and active fractions of bacterial communities associated with carbon steel corrosion events, thereby contributing to improved MIC diagnosis and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Marty
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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34
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Rajala T, Peltoniemi M, Hantula J, Mäkipää R, Pennanen T. RNA reveals a succession of active fungi during the decay of Norway spruce logs. FUNGAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Kim J, Miller CM, Shepherd MW, Liu X, Jiang X. Impact of indigenous microorganisms on Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth in cured compost. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9619-9625. [PMID: 21875793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Both autoclaving and dry-heat treatments were applied to dairy manure-based compost to achieve target populations of indigenous microorganisms. A 3 strain-mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 of ca. 2 log CFU/g was inoculated into acclimated autoclaved compost (AAC) and dry heat-treated compost (DHTC) with different moistures, and stored at 8, 22, or 30 °C. Only selected groups of microorganisms grew in AAC during acclimation, whereas the relative ratio of each group of microorganisms was maintained in DHTC after heat treatment. E. coli O157:H7 grew more in AAC than DHTC in the presence of same level of indigenous mesophiles. However, control compost (no heat treatment) did not support E. coli O157:H7 growth. Our results revealed that both the type and population of indigenous microorganisms is critical for suppressing E. coli O157:H7 growth in compost, and dry-heat treatment can result in a compost product which resembles cured compost with different levels of indigenous microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Kim
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0316, USA
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36
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Yeung CW, Woo M, Lee K, Greer CW. Characterization of the bacterial community structure of Sydney Tar Ponds sediment. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:493-503. [PMID: 21635217 DOI: 10.1139/w11-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Sydney Tar Ponds is one of the largest toxic waste sites in Canada. The bacterial diversity and abundance in the Sydney Tar Ponds sediment was examined using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with four different primer sets. The clone library was grouped into 19 phylotypes that could be divided into five phyla: Proteobacteria (56.9%), Actinobacteria (35%), Acidobacteria (4.9%), Firmicutes (2.4%), and Verrucomicrobia (0.8%). Members of the phyla Actinobacteria (represented mainly by Mycobacterium spp.) and Alphaproteobacteria (represented by Acidocella spp.) comprised the majority of the clone library. This study also revealed that the phylogenetic results obtained from clone library analysis and from DGGE analysis, with all the primer sets, showed some variability. However, similar Mycobacterium spp. and Acidocella spp. were found in all the different DGGE analyses, again suggesting that these two genera are dominant in the Sydney Tar Ponds sediment. In addition, DGGE analysis indicated that primer sets targeting the V3 region produced results that were the most similar to those obtained with the clone library.
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Affiliation(s)
- C William Yeung
- National Research Council Canada, Biotechnology Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
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37
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Detection of viable Cryptosporidium parvum in soil by reverse transcription-real-time PCR targeting hsp70 mRNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6476-85. [PMID: 21803904 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00677-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction of high-quality mRNA from Cryptosporidium parvum is a key step in PCR detection of viable oocysts in environmental samples. Current methods for monitoring oocysts are limited to water samples; therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive procedure for Cryptosporidium detection in soil samples. The efficiencies of five RNA extraction methods were compared (mRNA extraction with the Dynabeads mRNA Direct kit after chemical and physical sample treatments, and total RNA extraction methods using the FastRNA Pro Soil-Direct, PowerSoil Total RNA, E.Z.N.A. soil RNA, and Norgen soil RNA purification kits) for the direct detection of Cryptosporidium with oocyst-spiked sandy, loamy, and clay soils by using TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR. The study also evaluated the presence of inhibitors by synthesis and incorporation of an internal positive control (IPC) RNA into reverse transcription amplifications, used different facilitators (bovine serum albumin, yeast RNA, salmon DNA, skim milk powder, casein, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium hexametaphosphate, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi) to mitigate RNA binding on soil components, and applied various treatments (β-mercaptoethanol and bead beating) to inactivate RNase and ensure the complete lysis of oocysts. The results of spiking studies showed that Salmonella cells most efficiently relieved binding of RNA. With the inclusion of Salmonella during extraction, the most efficient mRNA method was Dynabeads, with a detection limit of 6 × 10(2) oocysts g(-1) of sandy soil. The most efficient total RNA method was PowerSoil, with detection limits of 1.5 × 10(2), 1.5 × 10(3), and 1.5 × 10(4) C. parvum oocysts g(-1) soil for sandy, loamy, and clay samples, respectively.
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38
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Semenov AV, van Overbeek L, Termorshuizen AJ, van Bruggen AHC. Influence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Luria-Bertani broth, farm-yard manure and slurry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:780-787. [PMID: 21035246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The influence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on the survival of the enteropathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was investigated in microcosms with broth, cattle manure or slurry. These substrates were inoculated with a green fluorescent protein transformed strain of the enteropathogens at 10(7) cells g(-1) dry weight. Survival data was fitted to the Weibull model. The survival curves in aerobic conditions generally showed a concave curvature, while the curvature was convex in anaerobic conditions. The estimated survival times showed that E. coli O157:H7 survived significantly longer under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions. Survival ranged from approximately. 2 weeks for aerobic manure and slurry to more than six months for anaerobic manure at 16 °C. On average, in 56.3% of the samplings, the number of recovered E. coli O157:H7 cells by anaerobic incubation of Petri plates was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in comparison with aerobic incubation. Survival of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was not different between aerobic and anaerobic storage of LB broth or manure as well as between aerobic and anaerobic incubation of Petri dishes. The importance of changes in microbial community and chemical composition of manure and slurry was distinguished for the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in different oxygen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Semenov
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
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39
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Wang LY, Tam NFY, Zhang XH. Assimilation of 17α-ethinylestradiol by sludge and its stress on microbial communities under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:242-247. [PMID: 21279894 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.535411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of 2 common types sludge, activated sludge and digesting sludge, to biodegrade ethinylestradiol (EE2) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the impacts of EE2 on microbial community structure were investigated. The results showed that 75%-88% EE2 were removed under aerobic conditions and the values were 75%-84% under anaerobic conditions. The diversity of microbial species in the tested sludge decreased when exposed to EE2 and the shift of microbial community structures was dependent on both sludge types and process conditions. Predominant bacteria were identified as Proteobacteria class which was considered to have EE2 degradation capacities. Twelve strains were found, 8 of them belonged to the Class of γ-proteobacterium, 1 of β-proteobacterium, 1 of Actinobacterium, and 2 of unclassified strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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40
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Asano R, Otawa K, Ozutsumi Y, Yamamoto N, Abdel-Mohsein HS, Nakai Y. Development and analysis of microbial characteristics of an acidulocomposting system for the treatment of garbage and cattle manure. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:419-25. [PMID: 20547374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An acidulocomposting system for the treatment of cattle manure with little emission of ammonia gas was developed, and the structure of its microbial community was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library construction. An acidulocomposting apparatus (BC20, 20 L) was operated for 79 days to treat 2 kg (wet wt) of garbage per 1 or 2 days. On day 80 of operation, the substrate was changed from garbage to cattle manure (1 kg of beef cattle manure was added to the apparatus every 2 or 3 days), and the system continued operating from days 80 to 158. The compost in the vessel was under acidic conditions at pH 5.2-5.8, and ammonia emission was below the detectable level (<5 ppm) throughout the period of cattle manure feeding. Total nitrogen and total carbon in the compost were 26-29 and 439-466 mg/g of dry weight, respectively, which are higher than those in general cattle manure compost. The main acids accumulated during operation were lactic and acetic. Sequencing analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene revealed the stable dominance of the bacterial phylum Firmicutes, with a high proportion of the isolates belonging to the genus Bacillus. Using a culturing method with MRS agar, we isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) related to Pediococcus acidilactici, Weissella paramesenteroides, and Lactobacillus salivarius, indicating the existence of LAB in the system. These results indicate that acidulocomposting treatment of cattle manure is not accompanied by ammonia emission and that Bacillus and LAB may be the key components in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoki Asano
- Sustainable Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
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41
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Ruiz-Arias A, Juárez-Ramírez C, de los Cobos-Vasconcelos D, Ruiz-Ordaz N, Salmerón-Alcocer A, Ahuatzi-Chacón D, Galíndez-Mayer J. Aerobic Biodegradation of a Sulfonated Phenylazonaphthol Dye by a Bacterial Community Immobilized in a Multistage Packed-Bed BAC Reactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1689-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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van Overbeek LS, Franz E, Semenov AV, de Vos OJ, van Bruggen AHC. The effect of the native bacterial community structure on the predictability of E. coli O157:H7 survival in manure-amended soil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 50:425-30. [PMID: 20184674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The survival capability of pathogens like Escherichia coli O157:H7 in manure-amended soil is considered to be an important factor for the likelihood of crop contamination. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of the diversity and composition of soil bacterial community structure on the survival time (ttd) and stability (irregularity, defined as the intensity of irregular dynamic changes in a population over time) of an introduced E. coli O157:H7 gfp-strain were investigated for 36 different soils by means of bacterial PCR-DGGE fingerprints. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacterial PCR-DGGE fingerprints made with DNA extracts from the different soils using bacterial 16S-rRNA-gene-based primers were grouped by cluster analysis into two clusters consisting of six and 29 soils and one single soil at a cross-correlation level of 16% among samples per cluster. Average irregularity values for E. coli O157:H7 survival in the same soils differed significantly between clusters (P = 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found for the corresponding average ttd values (P = 0.20). The irregularity was higher for cluster 1, which consisted primarily of soils that had received liquid manure and artificial fertilizer and had a significant higher bacterial diversity and evenness values (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Bacterial PCR-DGGE fingerprints of 36 manure-amended soils revealed two clusters which differed significantly in the stability (irregularity) of E. coli O157 decline. The cluster with the higher irregularity was characterized by higher bacterial diversity and evenness. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The consequence of a high temporal irregularity is a lower accuracy of predictions of population behaviour, which results in higher levels of uncertainty associated with the estimates of model parameters when modelling the behaviour of E. coli O157:H7 in the framework of risk assessments. Soil community structure parameters like species diversity and evenness can be indicative for the reliability of predictive models describing the fate of pathogens in (agricultural) soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S van Overbeek
- Plant Research International BV, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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43
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Teufel L, Pipal A, Schuster K, Staudinger T, Redl B. Material-dependent growth of human skin bacteria on textiles investigated using challenge tests and DNA genotyping. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:450-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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44
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Lloyd KG, Albert DB, Biddle JF, Chanton JP, Pizarro O, Teske A. Spatial structure and activity of sedimentary microbial communities underlying a Beggiatoa spp. mat in a Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbon seep. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8738. [PMID: 20090951 PMCID: PMC2806916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subsurface fluids from deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps undergo methane- and sulfur-cycling microbial transformations near the sediment surface. Hydrocarbon seep habitats are naturally patchy, with a mosaic of active seep sediments and non-seep sediments. Microbial community shifts and changing activity patterns on small spatial scales from seep to non-seep sediment remain to be examined in a comprehensive habitat study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a transect of biogeochemical measurements and gene expression related to methane- and sulfur-cycling at different sediment depths across a broad Beggiatoa spp. mat at Mississippi Canyon 118 (MC118) in the Gulf of Mexico. High process rates within the mat ( approximately 400 cm and approximately 10 cm from the mat's edge) contrasted with sharply diminished activity at approximately 50 cm outside the mat, as shown by sulfate and methane concentration profiles, radiotracer rates of sulfate reduction and methane oxidation, and stable carbon isotopes. Likewise, 16S ribosomal rRNA, dsrAB (dissimilatory sulfite reductase) and mcrA (methyl coenzyme M reductase) mRNA transcripts of sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae) and methane-cycling archaea (ANME-1 and ANME-2) were prevalent at the sediment surface under the mat and at its edge. Outside the mat at the surface, 16S rRNA sequences indicated mostly aerobes commonly found in seawater. The seep-related communities persisted at 12-20 cm depth inside and outside the mat. 16S rRNA transcripts and V6-tags reveal that bacterial and archaeal diversity underneath the mat are similar to each other, in contrast to oxic or microoxic habitats that have higher bacterial diversity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The visual patchiness of microbial mats reflects sharp discontinuities in microbial community structure and activity over sub-meter spatial scales; these discontinuities have to be taken into account in geochemical and microbiological inventories of seep environments. In contrast, 12-20 cm deep in the sediments microbial communities performing methane-cycling and sulfate reduction persist at lower metabolic rates regardless of mat cover, and may increase activity rapidly when subsurface flow changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G Lloyd
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
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45
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Time course of bacterial diversity in stool samples of malnourished children with cholera receiving treatment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48:571-8. [PMID: 19252449 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181831867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent nutritional interventions have targeted colonic functions in patients with infectious diarrhea during rehydration and during recovery from malnutrition, with the assumption that the effects will be influenced by metabolism of complex carbohydrates by colonic bacteria. However, the diversity of colonic bacteria in patients with cholera is not known. AIM To study the diversity of colonic bacteria in malnourished children with cholera before and during treatment with oral rehydration salt solutions containing 1 of these 3 substrates: glucose, rice, or amylase-resistant starch. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serial fecal samples were collected from 30 malnourished children with cholera until completion of rehydration and partial nutritional recovery; 11 malnourished children without diarrhea; and 6 better nourished children. Polymerase chain reaction, using universal primers for 16S rDNA, was performed on chromosomal DNA extracted from the stool samples, and the products were separated by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The Vibrio cholerae band was detected in all children at enrollment and disappeared within 2 days. On day 2, a rapid and significant increase in the band numbers was observed, which was followed by a steady increase until day 28. After full recovery from cholera and partial recovery from malnutrition, the number of bands (11.5+/-2.8) was lower than in healthy children (22.2+/-1.3). On day 3, the number of bands was greater with rice or amylase-resistant starch than with glucose (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Bacterial diversity was markedly but transiently altered in severely malnourished children with cholera receiving therapy.
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46
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Ben-Dov E, Kramarsky-Winter E, Kushmaro A. An in situ method for cultivating microorganisms using a double encapsulation technique. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 68:363-71. [PMID: 19453493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of cultured microorganisms represents a bottleneck for advancement in microbiology. The development of novel culturing techniques is, therefore, a crucial step in our understanding of microbial diversity in general, and the role of such diversity in the environment, in particular. This study presents an innovative method for cultivating microorganisms by encapsulating them within agar spheres, which are then encased in a polysulfonic polymeric membrane and incubated in a simulated or natural environment. This method stimulates growth of the entrapped microorganisms by allowing them access to essential nutrients and cues from the environment. It allows for the discovery of microorganisms from dilutions that are 10-100-fold greater than possible with conventional plating techniques. Analysis of microorganisms grown in such spheres incubated in and on a number of different substrates yielded numerous novel ribotypes. For example, spheres incubated on the mucus surface of a Fungiid coral yielded numerous ribotypes, with only 50% sharing similarity (85-96%) to previously identified microorganisms. This suggests that many of the species represent novel ribotypes. Hence, the technique reported here advances our ability to retrieve and successfully culture microorganisms and provides an innovative tool to access unknown microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Ben-Dov
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
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47
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Laforgue R, Guérin L, Pernelle JJ, Monnet C, Dupont J, Bouix M. Evaluation of PCR-DGGE methodology to monitor fungal communities on grapes. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1208-18. [PMID: 19486393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Some fungi present on the surface of grapes may have a negative effect on the quality of wine. The aim of this study was to evaluate PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), for the establishment of fungal community profiles from grapes, in order to monitor fungi potentially involved in wine defects. METHODS AND RESULTS A fragment of the beta-tubulin gene was amplified from filamentous fungi and yeasts described from grapes and analysed using two different denaturing gradient gels to constitute a reference database. The use of beta-tubulin sequences instead of ITS rDNA in PCR-DGGE showed a progress in the discrimination of these fungal species but comigration problems were still observed. The technique was then applied on grape samples. The profiles counted up to 10 bands of which half corresponded to species which were not recorded in the reference database. CONCLUSION PCR-DGGE represents a useful tool to compare environmental samples for the study of the dynamics of fungal communities, but comigrations represent a limit in its use to describe the species present. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A better knowledge of the fungal diversity on grapes, particularly species responsible for wine defect, is necessary to develop accurate molecular detection tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Laforgue
- IFV - Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Tours Cedex, France.
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48
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Akarsubasi AT, Eyice O, Miskin I, Head IM, Curtis TP. Effect of sludge age on the bacterial diversity of bench scale sequencing batch reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:2950-2956. [PMID: 19475976 DOI: 10.1021/es8026488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sludge age or mean cell residence time (MCRT) plays a crucial role in design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. The change in performance, for example micropollutant removal, associated with changes in MCRT is often attributed to changes in microbial diversity. We operated four identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (two test and two control) in parallel for 212 days. Sludge age was decreased gradually (from 10.4to 2.6 days) in experimental reactors whereas it was kept constant (10.4 days) in control reactors. The reactor performance and biomass changed in a manner consistent with our understanding of the effect of sludge age on a reactors performance: the effluent quality and biomass declined with decreasing MCRT. The composition of the bacterial and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in four reactors was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and similarities in band patterns were measured using the Dice coefficient. The overall similarity between the communities in reactors run at different sludge ages was indistinguishable from the similarity in communities in reactors run at identical sludge ages. This was true for both the general bacterial communities and putative AOB communities. The number of detectable bands in DGGE profiles was also unaffected by sludge age (p approximately 0.5 in both cases). Initially, the detectable diversity of activated sludge communities in all four reactors clustered with time, regardless of their designation or sludge age; however, these clusters were only weakly supported by bootstrap analysis. However, after 135 days, a sludge age specific clustering was observed in the bacterial community but not the putative ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community. The mean self-similarity of each reactor decreased, variance increased, and the number of detectable bands in DGGE profiles decreased over time in all reactors. The changes observed with time are consistent with ecological drift. Sludge age has a subtler and slower effect than we anticipated. However, we postulate that sludge age may be more evident in the taxa occurring below the detection limit of DGGE. New sequencing technology may help us address this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Tunga Akarsubasi
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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49
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Liu Q, Ji R, Hommes G, Schäffer A, Corvini PFX. Fate of a branched nonylphenol isomer in submerged paddy soils amended with nitrate. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:4802-4808. [PMID: 18814898 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using a (14)C-labelled branched isomer of NP, the fate of NP was studied in two flooded typical paddy soils under anoxic conditions. Biodegradation of NP occurred under anoxic conditions and was accompanied by the production of polar metabolites and bound residues in alkaline soil extract and humin. The addition of nitrate (20mM) increased the degradation of NP in both soils, especially in soil derived from silt loam deposit, which contained high amounts of organic matter. Less than 1% NP mineralization was detected as free CO(2) in both soils, whereas up to 30, 21, 31% of NP residues comprised at least two polar metabolites, those extractable from humic substances and from the humin fraction, respectively. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of DNA extract of the soil microorganisms hinted differences of microbial community between soils with different degradation rates of NP. The present study provides for the first time information about the fate of a branched nonylphenol isomer in submerged soils amended with nitrate. The production of high amounts of polar metabolites under anoxic conditions suggests the necessity of also considering the fate and possible effects of the degradation products of NP in anoxic environment such as in waterlogged soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Institute of Soil Science, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China.
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50
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Rodríguez-Mejía JL, Martínez-Anaya C, Folch-Mallol JL, Dantán-González E. A two-step electrodialysis method for DNA purification from polluted metallic environmental samples. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3239-44. [PMID: 18601228 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Extracting DNA from samples of polluted environments using standard methods often results in low yields of poor-quality material unsuited to subsequent manipulation and analysis by molecular biological techniques. Here, we report a novel two-step electrodialysis-based method for the extraction of DNA from environmental samples. This technique permits the rapid and efficient isolation of high-quality DNA based on its acidic nature, and without the requirement for phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol cleanup and ethanol precipitation steps. Subsequent PCR, endonuclease restriction, and cloning reactions were successfully performed utilizing DNA obtained by electrodialysis, whereas some or all of these techniques failed using DNA extracted with two alternative methods. We also show that his technique is applicable to purify DNA from a range of polluted and nonpolluted samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Rodríguez-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Hongos, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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