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Ernst L, Offermann H, Werner A, Wefers D. Comprehensive structural characterization of water-soluble and water-insoluble homoexopolysaccharides from seven lactic acid bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121417. [PMID: 37940249 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Several lactic acid bacteria are able to produce water-soluble and water-insoluble homoexopolysaccharides (HoEPS) from sucrose. In this study, structures of all HoEPS which were fermentatively produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum NRRL B-1121 and B-1144, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides NRRL B-1149, B-1438 and B-1118, Leuconostoc suionicum DSM 20241, and Liquorilactobacillus satsumensis DSM 16230 were systematically analyzed. Monosaccharide analysis, methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, and different enzymatic fingerprinting methods were used to obtain detailed structural information. All strains produced water-soluble dextrans and/or levans as well as water-insoluble glucans. Levans showed different degrees of branching and high molecular weights, whereas dextrans had comparable structures and broader size distributions. Fine structures of water-soluble HoEPS were analyzed after endo-dextranase and endo-levanase hydrolysis. Water-insoluble glucans were composed of different portions of 1,3-linkages (5 to 40 %). Hydrolysis with endo-dextranase and endo-mutanase yielded further information on block sizes and varying fine structures. Overall, clear differences between HoEPS yields and structures were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Ernst
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hanna Offermann
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annemarie Werner
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Influence of ultrasonication and hydrolysis conditions in methylation analysis of bacterial homoexopolysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120643. [PMID: 36813336 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Homoexopolysaccharides (HoEPS) such as α-glucans and β-fructans are synthesized by lactic and acetic acid bacteria. Methylation analysis is an important and well-established tool for the structural analysis of these polysaccharides, however, multiple steps are required for polysaccharide derivatization. Because ultrasonication during methylation and the conditions during acid hydrolysis may influence the results, we investigated their role in the analysis of selected bacterial HoEPS. The results reveal that ultrasonication is crucial for water insoluble α-glucan to swell/disperse and deprotonate prior to methylation whereas it is not necessary for water soluble HoEPS (dextran and levan). Complete hydrolysis of permethylated α-glucans requires 2 M trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for 60/90 min at 121 °C while levan is hydrolyzed in 1 M TFA for 30 min at 70 °C. Nevertheless, levan was also detectable after hydrolysis in 2 M TFA at 121 °C. Thus, these conditions can be used to analyze a levan/dextran mixture. However, size exclusion chromatography of permethylated and hydrolyzed levan showed degradation and condensation reactions at harsher hydrolysis conditions. Application of reductive hydrolysis with 4-methylmorpholine-borane and TFA did not lead to improved results. Overall, our results demonstrate that conditions used for methylation analysis have to be adjusted for the analysis of different bacterial HoEPS.
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Wu Y, Li X, Jin Z, Svensson B, Bai Y. A practical approach to producing the single-arm linear dextrin, a chimeric glucosaccharide containing an (α-1 → 4) linked portion at the nonreducing end of an (α-1 → 6) glucochain. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120520. [PMID: 36737184 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
How to improve the solubility of linear dextrins (LD) and retain their characteristic helix amphiphilic cavities with flexible embedding capability, is a question worth exploring without adding new chemical groups. The strategy presented in this study is to attach a highly flexible (α-1 → 6) glucochain at the reducing end of LD by preparing a new type of dextrin, referred to as single-arm linear dextrin (SLD). In the actual synthesis, an (α-1 → 6) linked oligosaccharide of DP¯ 10.7 (PDI = 1.28) was formed by extension of glucose units onto sucrose (2 M) by using L940W mutant of the glucansucrase GTF180-ΔN firstly. Next using γ-CD as glucosylation donor γ-CGTase extended this (α-1 → 6) glucochain with (α-1 → 4) bonds. SLD is a chimeric glucosaccharide comprising an (α-1 → 4) linked part (DP¯ 10.5) attached to the nonreducing end of an (α-1 → 6) glucochain as verified by enzyme fingerprinting and 1H NMR. Furthermore, SLD was validated to show greatly improved solubility and dispersibility of resveratrol in water, as indicated by a 3.12-fold enhancement over the solubility in the presence of 0.014 M SLD. This study provided a new strategy for solving the solubility problem of LD and opens possibilities for new design of the fine structure of starch-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Starch Related Enzyme, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Starch Related Enzyme, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Starch Related Enzyme, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Starch Related Enzyme, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Starch Related Enzyme, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Kumari M, Kumari R, Nataraj BH, Shelke PA, Ali SA, Nagpal R, Behare PV. Physicochemical and rheological characterizations of a novel exopolysaccharide EPSKar1 and its iron complex EPSKar1-Fe: Towards potential iron-fortification applications. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100478. [PMID: 36935848 PMCID: PMC10017363 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a micronutrient essential for human health and physiology. Iron-deficiency anemia, the most common form of anemia, may occur from an iron homeostasis imbalance. Iron fortification is a promising and most sustainable and affordable solution to tackle the global prevalence of this anemia. Herein, we investigate physicochemical, rheological and stability characteristics of a novel exopolysaccharide 'EPSKar1' (derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain Kar1) and its iron complex 'EPSKar1-Fe (II)'. Our findings demonstrate that EPSKar1 is a high molecular-weight (7.8 × 105 Da) branched-chain heteropolysaccharide composed of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and mannose in a molar ratio of 8:4:1, respectively, and exhibits strong emulsifying and water-holding capacities. We find that EPSKar1 forms strong complexes with Fe, wherein the interactions between EPSKar1-Fe (II) complexes are mediated by sulfate, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. The rheological analyses reveal that the EPSKar1 and EPSKar1-Fe (II) complexes exhibited shear thickening and thinning properties in skim milk and water, respectively; however, the suspension of EPSKar1 in skim milk is viscoelastic with predominantly elastic response (G'>G" and tan δ < 1). In comparison, EPSKar1-Fe (II) complex exhibits remarkable stability under various processing conditions, highlighting its usefulness for the development of fortified dairy products. Together, these findings underpin considerable prospects of EPSKar1-Fe (II) complex as a novel iron-fortifier possessing multifarious rheological benefits for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Kumari
- Technofunctional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Rolly Kumari
- Technofunctional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Ashok Shelke
- Dairy Technology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69121, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pradip V. Behare
- Technofunctional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
- Corresponding author.
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Dailin DJ, Selvamani S, Michelle K, Jusoh YMM, Chuah LF, Bokhari A, El Enshasy HA, Mubashir M, Show PL. Production of high-value added exopolysaccharide by biotherapeutic potential Lactobacillus reuteri strain. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kumari M, Dasriya VL, Nataraj BH, Nagpal R, Behare PV. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus-Derived Exopolysaccharide Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Brain Injury and Modulates Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102046. [PMID: 36296322 PMCID: PMC9611687 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of a novel exopolysaccharide EPSRam12, produced by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Ram12, against D-galactose-induced brain injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. The findings demonstrate that EPSRam12 increases the level of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, while decreasing malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the activation of nuclear factor-kappa-B in the brain tissues of D-galactose-treated mice. Further analyses reveal that EPSRam12 improves gut mucosal barrier function and increases the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestine while restoring gut microbial diversity by enriching the abundance of SCFA-producing microbial genera Prevotella, Clostridium, Intestinimonas, and Acetatifactor while decreasing potential pathobionts including Helicobacter. These findings of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in the brain and ameliorative effects on epithelial integrity, SCFAs and microbiota in the gut, provide novel insights into the effect of EPSRam12 intervention on the gut–microbiome–brain axis and should facilitate prospective understanding of microbial exopolysaccharide for improved host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Kumari
- Technofunctional Starter Lab., National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
- College of Dairy and Food Technology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur 342304, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vaishali L. Dasriya
- Technofunctional Starter Lab., National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Basavaprabhu H. Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starter Lab., National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Pradip V. Behare
- Technofunctional Starter Lab., National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (P.V.B.)
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Alkay Z, Yılmaz MT, Can AM, İspirli H, Dertli E. The effect of flours of different immature cereal grains on sourdough and sourdough bread: microbiological, rheological, textural and sugar profiles. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zühal Alkay
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tahsin Yılmaz
- Department of Industrial Engineering King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Engineering Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Aslı Muslu Can
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University İstanbul Turkey
- Department of Food Technology İstanbul Gelişim Vocational School, Gelişim University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Hümeyra İspirli
- Bayburt University, Central Research Laboratory Bayburt Turkey
| | - Enes Dertli
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University İstanbul Turkey
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8
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Wagh VS, Said MS, Bennale JS, Dastager SG. Isolation and structural characterization of exopolysaccharide from marine Bacillus sp. and its optimization by Microbioreactor. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Yokoi KJ, Tsutsui S, Arakawa GY, Takaba M, Fujii K, Kaneko S. Molecular and biochemical characteristics of inulosucrase InuBK from Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae JCM 11691. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1830-1838. [PMID: 34021568 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Information about the inulosucrase of nonlactic acid bacteria is scarce. We found a gene encoding inulosucrase (inuBK) in the genome of the Gram-positive bacterium Alkalihalobacillus krulwichiae JCM 11691. The inuBK open reading frame encoded a protein comprising 456 amino acids. We expressed His-tagged InuBK in culture medium using a Brevibacillus system. The optimal pH and temperature of purified InuBK were 7.0-9.0 and 50-55 °C, respectively. The findings of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with multiangle laser light scattering showed that the polysaccharide produced by InuBK was an inulin with a molecular weight of 3806, a polydispersity index (PI) of 1.047, and fructosyl chain lengths with 3-27 degrees of polymerization. The size of InuBK was smaller than commercial inulins, and the PI of the inulin that it produced was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ji Yokoi
- Toyama Prefectural Food Research Institute, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sosyu Tsutsui
- Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gen-Ya Arakawa
- Toyama Prefectural Food Research Institute, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Soumya MP, Nampoothiri KM. An overview of functional genomics and relevance of glycosyltransferases in exopolysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:1014-1025. [PMID: 34171260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There are many reports on exopolysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria (LAB EPS) such as isolation, production and applications. The LAB EPS have been proved to exhibit significantly improved texture and rheological properties in order to prevent syneresis of fermented foods. Furthermore, they are known to have many biological properties such as mouthwatering flavors, antioxidant activity, cholesterol lowering and antimicrobial activities. Considering their GRAS status, LAB EPS need to be explored for better titre and improved biological properties, where strain improvement by genetic engineering has a major role for making tailor-made EPS. The genetic overview of the EPS production by LAB is an auxiliary area of interest as the process and the biosynthetic pathway involves numerous genes and their proteins. Among them Glycosyltransferases (gtfs) are the key enzymes involved in EPS biosynthesis. Current knowledge of gtfs of LAB and its manipulation is limited. The present review spotlights the importance of glycosyltransferases and their specific role on the biosynthesis of LAB EPS and addresses the functionality and applicability of these enzymes and their products. It enfold the available literature including some patents in recent past to underline the fact that glycosyltransferases are un-reluctantly the key proteins involved in the EPS biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Soumya
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Loeffler M, Hilbig J, Velasco L, Weiss J. Usage of in situ exopolysaccharide-forming lactic acid bacteria in food production: Meat products-A new field of application? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2932-2954. [PMID: 33337046 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the meat industry, hydrocolloids and phosphates are used to improve the quality attributes of meat products. However, latest research results revealed that the usage of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-forming lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are able to produce EPS in situ during processing could be an interesting alternative. The current review aims to give a better understanding of bacterial EPS production in food matrices with a special focus on meat products. This includes an introduction to microbial EPS production (homopolysaccharides as well as heteropolysaccharides) and an overview of parameters affecting EPS formation and yield depending on LAB used. This is followed by a summary of methods to detect and characterize EPS to facilitate a rational selection of starter cultures and fermentation conditions based on desired structure-function relationships in different food matrices. The mechanism of action of in situ generated EPS is then highlighted with an emphasis on different meat products. In the process, this review also highlights food additives currently used in meat production that could in the future be replaced by in situ EPS-forming LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Loeffler
- Department of Food Material Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jonas Hilbig
- Department of Food Material Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lina Velasco
- Department of Food Material Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Weiss
- Department of Food Material Science, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, Stuttgart, Germany
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Insights into extracellular dextran formation by Liquorilactobacillus nagelii TMW 1.1827 using secretomes obtained in the presence or absence of sucrose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 143:109724. [PMID: 33375966 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dextrans are α-(1,6)-linked glucose polymers, which are exclusively produced by lactic acid bacteria from sucrose via extracellular dextransucrases. Previous studies suggested that the environmental pH and the presence of sucrose can impact the release and activity of these enzymes. To get deeper insight into this phenomenon, the dextransucrase expressed by water kefir borne Liquorilactobacillus (L.) nagelii TMW 1.1827 (formerly Lactobacillus nagelii) was recovered in supernatants of buffered cell suspensions that had been incubated with or without sucrose and at different pH. The obtained secretomes were used to time-dependently produce and recover dextrans, whose molecular and macromolecular structures were determined by methylation analysis and AF4-MALS-UV measurements, respectively. The initial pH of the buffered cell suspensions had solely a minor influence on the released dextransucrase activity. When sucrose was present during incubation, the secretomes contained significantly higher dextransucrase activities, although the amounts of totally released proteins obtained with or without sucrose were comparable. However, the dextransucrase appeared to be released in lower amounts into the environment if sucrose was not present. The amount of isolable dextran increased up to 24 h of production, although the total sucrose was consumed within the first 10 min of incubation. Furthermore, the sucrose isomer leucrose had been formed after 10 min, while its concentrations decreased over time and the portions of longer isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) increased. This indicated that leucrose can be used by L. nagelii TMW 1.1827 to produce more elongated and branched dextran molecules from presynthesized IMOs, while disproportionation reactions on short IMOs may appear additionally. This leads to increasing amounts of high molecular weight dextran in a state of sucrose depletion. These findings reveal new insights into the pH- and sucrose-dependent kinetics of extracellular dextran formation and may be useful for optimization of fermentative and enzymatic dextran production processes.
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Li X, Wang X, Meng X, Dijkhuizen L, Liu W. Structures, physico-chemical properties, production and (potential) applications of sucrose-derived α-d-glucans synthesized by glucansucrases. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Growth Inhibition of Common Enteric Pathogens in the Intestine of Broilers by Microbially Produced Dextran and Levan Exopolysaccharides. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2128-2136. [PMID: 32661680 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are generally applied for treatment or as subtherapeutic agents to overcome diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Enterococcus species in poultry. However, due to their possible adverse effects on animal health and to maintain food safety, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been proposed as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry production. In this study, the effects of prebiotics on the augmentation of broiler's indigenous gut microbiology were studied. Day old 180 broilers chicks were divided into four treatment groups: G, L, C1, and C2. The groups G and L were fed with basal diet containing 3% dextran and 3% levan, respectively. Control groups were fed with basal diets without antibiotic (C1) and with antibiotics (C2). The experimental groups showed decreased mortality as compared to control groups. After 35 days, the chickens were euthanized and intestinal fluid was analyzed for enteric pathogens on chromogenic agar plates and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inhibition of the growth of E. coli and Enterococcus was observed in groups G and L, respectively, whereas Salmonella was only present in group C1. Also, high populations of lactic acid bacteria were detected in the intestine of prebiotic fed birds as compared to controls. These results depict that dextran and levan have the potential to replace the use of antibiotics in poultry feed for inhibiting the growth of common enteric pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where effects of dextran and levan on intestinal microbiota of broilers have been reported.
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te Poele EM, Corwin SG, Hamaker BR, Lamothe LM, Vafiadi C, Dijkhuizen L. Development of Slowly Digestible Starch Derived α-Glucans with 4,6-α-Glucanotransferase and Branching Sucrase Enzymes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6664-6671. [PMID: 32437608 PMCID: PMC7304062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have identified and characterized 4,6-α-glucanotransferase enzymes of the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 70 (GH70) that cleave (α1→4)-linkages in amylose and introduce (α1→6)-linkages in linear chains. The 4,6-α-glucanotransferase of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, for instance, converts amylose into an isomalto/malto-polysaccharide (IMMP) with 90% (α1→6)-linkages. Over the years, also, branching sucrase enzymes belonging to GH70 have been characterized. These enzymes use sucrose as a donor substrate to glucosylate dextran as an acceptor substrate, introducing single -(1→2,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)- (Leuconostoc citreum enzyme) or -(1→3,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-branches (Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc fallax, Lactobacillus kunkeei enzymes). In this work, we observed that the catalytic domain 2 of the L. kunkeei branching sucrase used not only dextran but also IMMP as the acceptor substrate, introducing -(1→3,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-branches. The products obtained have been structurally characterized in detail, revealing the addition of single (α1→3)-linked glucose units to IMMP (resulting in a comb-like structure). The in vitro digestibility of the various α-glucans was estimated with the glucose generation rate (GGR) assay that uses rat intestinal acetone powder to simulate the digestive enzymes in the upper intestine. Raw wheat starch is known to be a slowly digestible carbohydrate in mammals and was used as a benchmark control. Compared to raw wheat starch, IMMP and dextran showed reduced digestibility, with partially digestible and indigestible portions. Interestingly, the digestibility of the branching sucrase modified IMMP and dextran products considerably decreased with increasing percentages of (α1→3)-linkages present. The treatment of amylose with 4,6-α-glucanotransferase and branching sucrase/sucrose thus allowed for the synthesis of amylose/starch derived α-glucans with markedly reduced digestibility. These starch derived α-glucans may find applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. te Poele
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- CarbExplore
Research BV, Zernikepark
12, 9747AN Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S. G. Corwin
- Whistler
Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - B. R. Hamaker
- Whistler
Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - L. M. Lamothe
- Nestlé
Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C. Vafiadi
- Nestlé
Research, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Dijkhuizen
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- CarbExplore
Research BV, Zernikepark
12, 9747AN Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Bouallegue A, Casillo A, Chaari F, La Gatta A, Lanzetta R, Corsaro MM, Bachoual R, Ellouz-Chaabouni S. Levan from a new isolated Bacillus subtilis AF17: Purification, structural analysis and antioxidant activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:316-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Bancalari E, Alinovi M, Bottari B, Caligiani A, Mucchetti G, Gatti M. Ability of a Wild Weissella Strain to Modify Viscosity of Fermented Milk. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3086. [PMID: 32047483 PMCID: PMC6997433 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that strains belonging to Weissella species have not yet been approved for use as starter culture, recent toxicological studies open new perspectives on their potential employment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a wild Weissella minor (W4451) strain to modify milk viscosity compared to Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, which is commonly used for this purpose in dairy products. To reach this goal, milk viscosity has been evaluated by means of two very different instruments: one rotational viscometer and the Ford cup. Moreover, water holding capacity was evaluated. W4451, previously isolated from sourdough, was able to acidify milk, to produce polysaccharides in situ and thus improve milk viscosity. The ability of W4451 to produce at the same time lactic acid and high amounts of polysaccharides makes it a good candidate to improve the composition of starters for dairy products. Ford cup turned out to be a simple method to measure fermented milk viscosity by small- or medium-sized dairies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bancalari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica Gatti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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18
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Bechtner J, Wefers D, Schmid J, Vogel RF, Jakob F. Identification and comparison of two closely related dextransucrases released by water kefir borne Lactobacillus hordei TMW 1.1822 and Lactobacillus nagelii TMW 1.1827. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:956-966. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bechtner
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmid
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi F. Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Frank Jakob
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany
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19
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Xu Y, Cui Y, Yue F, Liu L, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria: Structures, physiochemical functions and applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Bancalari E, D'Incecco P, Savo Sardaro ML, Neviani E, Pellegrino L, Gatti M. Impedance microbiology to speed up the screening of lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharide production. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 306:108268. [PMID: 31352303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) is of increasing interest near food manufacturers, biotechnology industries and nutritionists because of their different roles. Several analytical methods are available for recovery, quantification and characterization of EPS from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in food. However, direct screening method for production of EPS is still based on the visual observation of filamentous texture of the colonies developed on supplemented solid growth media. To overcome weaknesses of many currently used screening methods, we propose adopting impedance microbiology to evaluate the EPS production from LAB in milk. In this work we have proven that the peculiar shape of capacitance curve of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2214, measured in milk by means of a BacTrac 4300® system, is due to production of EPS. Besides the pH measurement, the amounts of EPS evaluated after 0, 8, 13 and 55 h of incubation in milk, were in agreement with the evaluation of gene expression and confirmed by the observations by confocal laser scanning microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy. With the aim to verify the applicability of the proposed method, the drop entity of the capacitance curve (ΔE%) of 22 EPS-producing (EPS+) LAB strains and one negative (EPS-) control was evaluated both in broth medium and in milk. The positive ΔE% value found for all of the strains cultivated in the clear broth medium allowed to confirm the EPS production, simply observing a strain-dependent amount of EPS on surface of the measurement electrodes of the device. When the same EPS+ strains were cultivated in milk, the obtained ΔE% values showed that only a few of them were able to produce EPS in this environment, supporting their diversified ability to utilize lactose for this purpose. Results obtained by this multidisciplinary study demonstrate that impedance microbiology represents a suitable method to overcome the limits of the most commonly used methods to screen LAB for EPS production in milk. Moreover, these results also open a door to the application to other food and beverages, in which the EPS produced in situ could be of great interest for food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bancalari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Incecco
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Erasmo Neviani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luisa Pellegrino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Gatti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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21
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Zhu Y, González-Ortiz G, Benítez-Cabello A, Calero-Delgado B, Jiménez-Díaz R, Martín-Orúe SM. The use of starter cultures in the table olive fermentation can modulate the antiadhesive properties of brine exopolysaccharides against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Food Funct 2019; 10:3738-3747. [PMID: 31173024 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00425d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate different mates of Candida boidinii and Lactobacillus pentosus strains as starters in green table olive fermentation. Changes in fermentation characteristics as well as changes in the functional properties of the microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced during the process were registered. The in vitro adhesion test demonstrated that most EPS samples could specifically attach ETEC K88. In vitro studies with porcine intestinal cells showed the improved blocking activity of the fimbria (blocking test) when the mutant strain L. pentosus 119-14MT was used alone as a starter. All EPS samples showed the ability to block receptors in the cells (exclusion test) although without differences between starter treatments. In the displacement test, EPS samples failed to remove the pathogen once attached. According to these results, L. pentosus 119-14MT, a high EPS variant, seemed to be the most effective starter improving the anti-adhesive properties of brine EPS and increasing its ability to block the ETEC K88 fimbria. These results illustrate that the anti-adhesive properties of the EPSs produced during the traditional fermentation of olives could be modulated by the use of defined starters. This opens the door to new fermentation processes aimed to produce green table olives as functional food to prevent ETEC diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhu
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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22
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Abstract
Production of exopolysaccharides by lactic acid bacteria is a common phenomenon. Structural information of these widely diverse biopolymers is rendered by the monosaccharide composition, the anomeric configurations, the type of glycosidic linkages, the presence of repeating units and noncarbohydrate substituents, and finally the presentation of a chemical molecular structure or composite model. The detailed structural analysis of polysaccharides is a time-consuming pursuit, including the use of different techniques, such as chemical degradation methods (e.g., hydrolysis), separation methods (e.g., SEC-chromatography and HPLC/HPAEC), and identification methods (e.g., GLC-EIMS and 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy). In this chapter, some analytical methods are described and demonstrated for two different exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit J Gerwig
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Sánchez J, Vegas C, Zavaleta AI, Esteve-Zarzoso B. Predominance of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains in Peruvian Amazonian Fruits. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:127-137. [PMID: 31050261 PMCID: PMC7256758 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2019-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was the identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Peruvian Amazonian fruits. Thirty-seven isolates were obtained from diverse Amazonian fruits. Molecular characterization of the isolates was performed by ARDRA, 16S-23S ITS RFLP and rep-PCR using GTG5 primers. Identification was carried out by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene. Phenotypic characterization included nutritional, physiological and antimicrobial resistance tests. Molecular characterization by Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and 16S-23S ITS RFLP resulted in four restriction profiles while GTG5 analysis showed 14 banding patterns. Based on the 16S rDNA gene sequence, the isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (75.7%), Weissella cibaria (13.5%), Lactobacillus brevis (8.1%), and Weissella confusa (2.7%). Phenotypic characterization showed that most of the isolates were homofermentative bacilli, able to ferment glucose, maltose, cellobiose, and fructose and grow in a broad range of temperatures and pH. The isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromicyn, penicillin, and tetracycline and showed great resistance to kanamycin, gentamycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and vancomycin. No proteolytic or amylolytic activity was detected. L. plantarum strains produce lactic acid in higher concentrations and Weissella strains produce exopolymers only from sucrose. Molecular methods allowed to accurately identify the LAB isolates from the Peruvian Amazonian fruits, while phenotypic methods provided information about their metabolism, physiology and other characteristics that may be useful in future biotechnological processes. Further research will focus especially on the study of L. plantarum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima , Perú
| | - Carlos Vegas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima , Perú
| | - Amparo Iris Zavaleta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima , Perú
| | - Braulio Esteve-Zarzoso
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d' Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Spain
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24
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Hereher F, ElFallal A, Abou-Dobara M, Toson E, Abdelaziz MM. Cultural optimization of a new exopolysaccharide producer “Micrococcus roseus”. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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25
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Hereher F, ElFallal A, Toson E, Abou-Dobara M, Abdelaziz M. Pilot study: Tumor suppressive effect of crude polysaccharide substances extracted from some selected mushroom. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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26
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Structural characterization of glucosylated GOS derivatives synthesized by the Lactobacillus reuteri GtfA and Gtf180 glucansucrase enzymes. Carbohydr Res 2018; 470:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Pham H, Pijning T, Dijkhuizen L, van Leeuwen SS. Mutational Analysis of the Role of the Glucansucrase Gtf180-ΔN Active Site Residues in Product and Linkage Specificity with Lactose as Acceptor Substrate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12544-12554. [PMID: 30396274 PMCID: PMC6328278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucansucrase Gtf180-ΔN from Lactobacillus reuteri uses lactose as acceptor substrate to synthesize five glucosylated lactose molecules (F1-F5) with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-4 (GL34) and with (α1→2)/(α1→3)/(α1→4) glycosidic linkages. Q1140/W1065/N1029 mutations significantly changed the GL34 product ratios. Q1140 mutations clearly decreased F3 3'-glc-lac with an (α1→3) linkage and increased F4 4',2-glc-lac with (α1→4)/(α1→2) linkages. Formation of F2 2-glc-lac with an (α1→2) linkage and F4 was negatively affected in most W1065 and N1029 mutants, respectively. Mutant N1029G synthesized four new products with additional (α1→3)-linked glucosyl moieties (2xDP4 and 2xDP5). Sucrose/lactose strongly reduced Gtf180-ΔN hydrolytic activity and increased transferase activity of Gtf180-ΔN and mutant N1029G, in comparison to activity with sucrose alone. N1029/W1065/Q1140 thus are key determinants of Gtf180-ΔN linkage and product specificity in the acceptor reaction with lactose. Mutagenesis of key residues in Gtf180-ΔN may allow synthesis of tailor-made mixtures of novel lactose-derived oligosaccharides with potential applications as prebiotic compounds in food/feed and in pharmacy/medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Pham
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical
Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Ziadi M, Bouzaiene T, M'Hir S, Zaafouri K, Mokhtar F, Hamdi M, Boisset-Helbert C. Evaluation of the Efficiency of Ethanol Precipitation and Ultrafiltration on the Purification and Characteristics of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Three Lactic Acid Bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1896240. [PMID: 30320131 PMCID: PMC6167595 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1896240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by three Lactic Acid Bacteria strains, Lactococcus lactis SLT10, Lactobacillus plantarum C7, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides B3, were isolated using two methods: ethanol precipitation (EPS-ETOH) and ultrafiltration (EPS-UF) through a 10 KDa cut-off membrane. EPS recovery by ultrafiltration was higher than ethanol precipitation for Lactococcus lactis SLT10 and Lactobacillus plantarum C7. However, it was similar with both methods for Leuconostoc mesenteroides B3. The monomer composition of the EPS fractions revealed differences in structures and molar ratios between the two studied methods. EPS isolated from Lactococcus lactis SLT10 are composed of glucose and mannose for EPS-ETOH against glucose, mannose, and rhamnose for EPS-UF. EPS extracted from Lactobacillus plantarum C7 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides B3 showed similar composition (glucose and mannose) but different molar ratios. The molecular weights of the different EPS fractions ranged from 11.6±1.83 to 62.4±2.94 kDa. Molecular weights of EPS-ETOH fractions were higher than those of EPS-UF fractions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed a similarity in the distribution of the functional groups (O-H, C-H, C=O, -COO, and C-O-C) between the EPS isolated from the three strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Ziadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, LETMi-INSAT, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la Terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Taroub Bouzaiene
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, LETMi-INSAT, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la Terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana M'Hir
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, LETMi-INSAT, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la Terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Zaafouri
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, LETMi-INSAT, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la Terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Mokhtar
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV, CNRS, 601 rue de la Chimie, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mokhtar Hamdi
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, LETMi-INSAT, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, Carthage University, 2 Boulevard de la Terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Claire Boisset-Helbert
- National Research Center for Materials Science, Borj-Cedria Technopark, BP N°73, 8027 Soliman, Tunisia
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29
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Cold and salt stress modulate amount, molecular and macromolecular structure of a Lactobacillus sakei dextran. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Biochemical characterization of a GH70 protein from Lactobacillus kunkeei DSM 12361 with two catalytic domains involving branching sucrase activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7935-7950. [PMID: 30043269 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The fructophilic bacterium Lactobacillus kunkeei has promising applications as probiotics promoting the health of both honey bees and humans. Here, we report the synthesis of a highly branched dextran by L. kunkeei DSM 12361 and biochemical characterization of a GH70 enzyme (GtfZ). Sequence analysis revealed that GtfZ harbors two separate catalytic cores (CD1 and CD2), predicted to have glucansucrase and branching sucrase specificity, respectively. GtfZ-CD1 was not characterized biochemically due to its unsuccessful expression. With only sucrose as substrate, GtfZ-CD2 was found to mainly catalyze sucrose hydrolysis and leucrose synthesis. When dextran was available as acceptor substrate, GtfZ-CD2 displayed an efficient transglycosidase activity with sucrose as donor substrate. Kinetic analysis showed that the GtfZ-CD2-catalyzed transglycosylation reaction follows a Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism, indicating the in-turn binding of donor and acceptor substrates in the active site. Structural characterization of the products revealed that GtfZ-CD2 catalyzes the synthesis of single glucosyl (α1 → 3) linked branches onto dextran, resulting in the production of highly branched comb-like α-glucan products. These (α1 → 3) branches can be formed on adjacent positions, as shown when isomaltotriose was used as acceptor substrate. Homology modeling of the GtfZ-CD1 and GtfZ-CD2 protein structure strongly suggests that amino acid differences in conserved motifs II, III, and IV in the catalytic domain contribute to product specificity. Our present study highlights the ability of beneficial lactic acid bacteria to produce structurally complex α-glucans and provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of an (α1 → 3) branching sucrase.
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Glucansucrase (mutant) enzymes from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 efficiently transglucosylate Stevia component rebaudioside A, resulting in a superior taste. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1516. [PMID: 29367749 PMCID: PMC5784128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steviol glycosides from the leaves of the plant Stevia rebaudiana are high-potency natural sweeteners but suffer from a lingering bitterness. The Lactobacillus reuteri 180 wild-type glucansucrase Gtf180-ΔN, and in particular its Q1140E-mutant, efficiently α-glucosylated rebaudioside A (RebA), using sucrose as donor substrate. Structural analysis of the products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that both enzymes exclusively glucosylate the Glc(β1→C-19 residue of RebA, with the initial formation of an (α1→6) linkage. Docking of RebA in the active site of the enzyme revealed that only the steviol C-19 β-D-glucosyl moiety is available for glucosylation. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Gtf180-ΔN-Q1140E-catalyzed α-glucosylation of RebA, resulting in a highly productive process with a RebA conversion of 95% and a production of 115 g/L α-glucosylated products within 3 h. Development of a fed-batch reaction allowed further suppression of α-glucan synthesis which improved the product yield to 270 g/L. Sensory analysis by a trained panel revealed that glucosylated RebA products show a significant reduction in bitterness, resulting in a superior taste profile compared to RebA. The Gtf180-ΔN-Q1140E glucansucrase mutant enzyme thus is an efficient biocatalyst for generating α-glucosylated RebA variants with improved edulcorant/organoleptic properties.
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Low amounts of dietary fibre increase in vitro production of short-chain fatty acids without changing human colonic microbiota structure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:435. [PMID: 29323180 PMCID: PMC5765155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of various prebiotics (indigestible dextrin, α-cyclodextrin, and dextran) on human colonic microbiota at a dosage corresponding to a daily intake of 6 g of prebiotics per person (0.2% of dietary intake). We used an in vitro human colonic microbiota model based on batch fermentation starting from a faecal inoculum. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that addition of 0.2% prebiotics did not change the diversity and composition of colonic microbiota. This finding coincided with results from a clinical study showing that the microbiota composition of human faecal samples remained unchanged following administration of 6 g of prebiotics over seven days. However, compared to absence of prebiotics, their addition reduced the pH and increased the generation of acetate and propionate in the in vitro system. Thus, even at such relatively low amounts, prebiotics appear capable of activating the metabolism of colonic microbiota.
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Kralj S, Leeflang C, Sierra EI, Kempiński B, Alkan V, Kolkman M. Synthesis of fructooligosaccharides (FosA) and inulin (InuO) by GH68 fructosyltransferases from Bacillus agaradhaerens strain WDG185. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 179:350-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pham HT, Dijkhuizen L, van Leeuwen SS. Structural characterization of glucosylated lactose derivatives synthesized by the Lactobacillus reuteri GtfA and Gtf180 glucansucrase enzymes. Carbohydr Res 2017; 449:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zeidan AA, Poulsen VK, Janzen T, Buldo P, Derkx PMF, Øregaard G, Neves AR. Polysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria: from genes to industrial applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:S168-S200. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Te Poele EM, Valk V, Devlamynck T, van Leeuwen SS, Dijkhuizen L. Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4495-4505. [PMID: 28258313 PMCID: PMC5442262 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). In the present study, we observed that upon prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose, all catechol had become completely glucosylated and then started to reappear. Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien M Te Poele
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Valk
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Devlamynck
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology Research Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Bai Y, Gangoiti J, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L, Pijning T. Crystal Structure of 4,6-α-Glucanotransferase Supports Diet-Driven Evolution of GH70 Enzymes from α-Amylases in Oral Bacteria. Structure 2017; 25:231-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Salazar N, Gueimonde M, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Ruas-Madiedo P. Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria as Fermentable Substrates by the Intestinal Microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1440-53. [PMID: 25675369 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.770728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functional food market, including products formulated to maintain a "healthy" gut microbiota, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics, has increased enormously since the end of the last century. In order to favor the competitiveness of this sector, as well as to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms of action upon human health, new probiotic strains and prebiotic substrates are being studied. This review discusses the use of exopolysaccharides (EPS), both homopolysaccharides (HoPS) and heteropolysaccharides (HePS), synthesized by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria as potential prebiotics. These extracellular carbohydrate polymers synthesized by some gut inhabitants seem to be resistant to gastrointestinal digestion; these are susceptible as well to biodegradability by the intestinal microbiota depending on both the physicochemical characteristics of EPS and the pool of glycolytic enzymes harbored by microbiota. Therefore, although the chemical composition of these HoPS and HePS is different, both can be fermentable substrates by intestinal inhabitants and good candidates as prebiotic substrates. However, there are limitations for their use as additives in the food industry due to, on the one hand, their low production yield and, on the other hand, a lack of clinical studies demonstrating the functionality of these biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Salazar
- a Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products , Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Villaviciosa , Asturias , Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- a Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products , Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Villaviciosa , Asturias , Spain
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- a Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products , Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Villaviciosa , Asturias , Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- a Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products , Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Villaviciosa , Asturias , Spain
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Ruiz-Rodríguez L, Bleckwedel J, Eugenia Ortiz M, Pescuma M, Mozzi F. Lactic Acid Bacteria. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807796.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET; Chacabuco 145. San Miguel de Tucumán 4000 Argentina
| | - Juliana Bleckwedel
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET; Chacabuco 145. San Miguel de Tucumán 4000 Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Ortiz
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET; Chacabuco 145. San Miguel de Tucumán 4000 Argentina
| | - Micaela Pescuma
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET; Chacabuco 145. San Miguel de Tucumán 4000 Argentina
| | - Fernanda Mozzi
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET; Chacabuco 145. San Miguel de Tucumán 4000 Argentina
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40
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Structural determinants of alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkage specificity in reuteransucrase of Lactobacillus reuteri. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35261. [PMID: 27748434 PMCID: PMC5066211 DOI: 10.1038/srep35261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucansucrase GTFA of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 produces an α-glucan (reuteran) with a large amount of alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages. The mechanism of alternating linkage formation by this reuteransucrase has remained unclear. GTFO of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 shows a high sequence similarity (80%) with GTFA of L. reuteri 121; it also synthesizes an α-glucan with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages, but with a clearly different ratio compared to GTFA. In the present study, we show that residues in loop977 (970DGKGYKGA977) and helix α4 (1083VSLKGA1088) are main determinants for the linkage specificity difference between GTFO and GTFA, and hence are important for the synthesis of alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages in GTFA. More remote acceptor substrate binding sites (i.e.+3) are also involved in the determination of alternating linkage synthesis, as shown by structural analysis of the oligosaccharides produced using panose and maltotriose as acceptor substrate. Our data show that the amino acid residues at acceptor substrate binding sites (+1, +2, +3…) together form a distinct physicochemical micro-environment that determines the alternating (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) linkages synthesis in GTFA.
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41
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Structural basis for the roles of starch and sucrose in homo-exopolysaccharide formation by Lactobacillus reuteri 35-5. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Öner ET, Hernández L, Combie J. Review of Levan polysaccharide: From a century of past experiences to future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:827-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bennke CM, Krüger K, Kappelmann L, Huang S, Gobet A, Schüler M, Barbe V, Fuchs BM, Michel G, Teeling H, Amann RI. Polysaccharide utilisation loci ofBacteroidetesfrom two contrasting open ocean sites in the North Atlantic. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4456-4470. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christin M. Bennke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Department of Molecular Ecology; Celsiusstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Karen Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Department of Molecular Ecology; Celsiusstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Lennart Kappelmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Department of Molecular Ecology; Celsiusstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Sixing Huang
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures; Inhoffenstraße 7B 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Angélique Gobet
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models; Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 F-29688 Roscoff cedex Bretagne France
| | - Margarete Schüler
- University of Bayreuth; Biologie / Elektronenmikroskopie B1, Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Valérie Barbe
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire pour l'Étude des Génomes, C.E.A, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope; 2 rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Évry cedex France
| | - Bernhard M. Fuchs
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Department of Molecular Ecology; Celsiusstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models; Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 F-29688 Roscoff cedex Bretagne France
| | - Hanno Teeling
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Department of Molecular Ecology; Celsiusstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Rudolf I. Amann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Department of Molecular Ecology; Celsiusstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
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Meng X, Gangoiti J, Bai Y, Pijning T, Van Leeuwen SS, Dijkhuizen L. Structure-function relationships of family GH70 glucansucrase and 4,6-α-glucanotransferase enzymes, and their evolutionary relationships with family GH13 enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2681-706. [PMID: 27155661 PMCID: PMC4919382 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to produce large amounts of α-glucan exopolysaccharides. Family GH70 glucansucrase (GS) enzymes catalyze the synthesis of these α-glucans from sucrose. The elucidation of the crystal structures of representative GS enzymes has advanced our understanding of their reaction mechanism, especially structural features determining their linkage specificity. In addition, with the increase of genome sequencing, more and more GS enzymes are identified and characterized. Together, such knowledge may promote the synthesis of α-glucans with desired structures and properties from sucrose. In the meantime, two new GH70 subfamilies (GTFB- and GTFC-like) have been identified as 4,6-α-glucanotransferases (4,6-α-GTs) that represent novel evolutionary intermediates between the family GH13 and "classical GH70 enzymes". These enzymes are not active on sucrose; instead, they use (α1 → 4) glucans (i.e. malto-oligosaccharides and starch) as substrates to synthesize novel α-glucans by introducing linear chains of (α1 → 6) linkages. All these GH70 enzymes are very interesting biocatalysts and hold strong potential for applications in the food, medicine and cosmetic industries. In this review, we summarize the microbiological distribution and the structure-function relationships of family GH70 enzymes, introduce the two newly identified GH70 subfamilies, and discuss evolutionary relationships between family GH70 and GH13 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Gangoiti
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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45
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Bai Y, Böger M, van der Kaaij RM, Woortman AJJ, Pijning T, van Leeuwen SS, van Bueren AL, Dijkhuizen L. Lactobacillus reuteri Strains Convert Starch and Maltodextrins into Homoexopolysaccharides Using an Extracellular and Cell-Associated 4,6-α-Glucanotransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2941-2952. [PMID: 26996545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of interest for food applications. LAB are well-known to produce α-glucan from sucrose by extracellular glucansucrases. Various Lactobacillus reuteri strains also possess 4,6-α-glucanotransferase (4,6-α-GTase) enzymes. Purified 4,6-α-GTases (e.g., GtfB) were shown to act on starches (hydrolysates), cleaving α1→4 linkages and synthesizing α1→6 linkages, yielding isomalto-/maltopolysaccharides (IMMP). Here we report that also L. reuteri cells with these extracellular, cell-associated 4,6-α-GTases synthesize EPS (α-glucan) from starches (hydrolysates). NMR, SEC, and enzymatic hydrolysis of EPS synthesized by L. reuteri 121 cells showed that these have similar linkage specificities but generally are much bigger in size than IMMP produced by the GtfB enzyme. Various IMMP-like EPS are efficiently used as growth substrates by probiotic Bifidobacterium strains that possess amylopullulanase activity. IMMP-like EPS thus have potential prebiotic activity and may contribute to the application of probiotic L. reuteri strains grown on maltodextrins or starches as synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Bai
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Markus Böger
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Maria van der Kaaij
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Jan Jacob Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Sebastiaan van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia Lammerts van Bueren
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Devlamynck T, Te Poele EM, Meng X, van Leeuwen SS, Dijkhuizen L. Glucansucrase Gtf180-ΔN of Lactobacillus reuteri 180: enzyme and reaction engineering for improved glycosylation of non-carbohydrate molecules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7529-39. [PMID: 27052379 PMCID: PMC4980424 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucansucrases have a broad acceptor substrate specificity and receive increased attention as biocatalysts for the glycosylation of small non-carbohydrate molecules using sucrose as donor substrate. However, the main glucansucrase-catalyzed reaction results in synthesis of α-glucan polysaccharides from sucrose, and this strongly impedes the efficient glycosylation of non-carbohydrate molecules and complicates downstream processing of glucosylated products. This paper reports that suppressing α-glucan synthesis by mutational engineering of the Gtf180-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 180 results in the construction of more efficient glycosylation biocatalysts. Gtf180-ΔN mutants (L938F, L981A, and N1029M) with an impaired α-glucan synthesis displayed a substantial increase in monoglycosylation yields for several phenolic and alcoholic compounds. Kinetic analysis revealed that these mutants possess a higher affinity for the model acceptor substrate catechol but a lower affinity for its mono-α-d-glucoside product, explaining the improved monoglycosylation yields. Analysis of the available high resolution 3D crystal structure of the Gtf180-ΔN protein provided a clear understanding of how mutagenesis of residues L938, L981, and N1029 impaired α-glucan synthesis, thus yielding mutants with an improved glycosylation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Devlamynck
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien M Te Poele
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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47
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Johansson S, Diehl B, Christakopoulos P, Austin S, Vafiadi C. Oligosaccharide Synthesis in Fruit Juice Concentrates Using a Glucansucrase From Lactobacillus reuteri 180. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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48
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te Poele EM, Grijpstra P, van Leeuwen SS, Dijkhuizen L. Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:937-46. [PMID: 26898769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. Depending on the glucansucrase enzyme, specific α-glucosidic linkages are introduced. GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. Glucansucrases also catalyze glucosylation of various alternative acceptor substrates. At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. Our results show that GTFA-ΔN glucosylates catechol into products with up to at least 5 glucosyl units attached. These catechol glucosides were isolated and structurally characterized using 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien M te Poele
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Grijpstra
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Xu X, Gao C, Liu Z, Wu J, Han J, Yan M, Wu Z. Characterization of the levan produced by Paenibacillus bovis sp. nov BD3526 and its immunological activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:178-86. [PMID: 27083807 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus bovis sp. nov BD3526 synthesizes a large amount of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) (36.25g/L) in a semi-defined chemical medium containing 20% (w/v) sucrose. The EPSs were extracted from the cultured broth by ethanol precipitation and purified via anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra showed that the primary EPS fraction (F1) was a linear β (2→6)-linked levan. The peak molecular weight (Mp) of the levan exceeded 2.6×10(6)Da based on high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The levan adopted a spherical conformation in aqueous solution as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corresponding levansucrase was identified by SDS-PAGE analysis and in situ polymer synthesis. The in vitro assay demonstrated that the levan significantly stimulated the proliferation of spleen cells and induced the expression of TNF-α, indicating its potential as a natural immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Minghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China.
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50
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Meng X, Dobruchowska JM, Pijning T, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L. Synthesis of New Hyperbranched α-Glucans from Sucrose by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 Glucansucrase Mutants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:433-442. [PMID: 26688101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucans produced by glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria attract strong attention as novel ingredients and functional biopolymers in the food industry. In the present study, α-helix 4 amino acid residues D1085, R1088, and N1089 of glucansucrase GTF180 of Lactobacillus reuteri 180 were targeted for mutagenesis both jointly and separately. Analysis of the mutational effects on enzyme function revealed that all D1085 and R1088 mutants catalyzed the synthesis of hyperbranched α-glucans with 15-22% branching (α1→3,6) linkages, compared to 13% in the wild-type GTF180. In addition, besides native (α1→6) and (α1→3) linkages, all of the mutations introduced a small amount of (α1→4) linkages (5% at most) in the polysaccharides produced. We conclude that α-helix 4 residues, especially D1085 and R1088, constituting part of the +2 acceptor binding subsite, are important determinants for the linkage specificity. The new hyperbranched α-glucans provide very interesting structural diversities and may find applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Justyna M Dobruchowska
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Gerwig
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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