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Sundaresan AK, Gangwar J, Murugavel A, Malli Mohan GB, Ramakrishnan J. Complete genome sequence, phenotypic correlation and pangenome analysis of uropathogenic Klebsiella spp. AMB Express 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38965152 PMCID: PMC11224175 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) by antibiotic resistant and virulent K. pneumoniae are a growing concern. Understanding the genome and validating the genomic profile along with pangenome analysis will facilitate surveillance of high-risk clones of K. pneumoniae to underpin management strategies toward early detection. The present study aims to correlate resistome with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and virulome with pathogenicity in Klebsiella spp. The present study aimed to perform complete genome sequences of Klebsiella spp. and to analyse the correlation of resistome with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and virulome with pathogenicity. To understand the resistome, pangenome and virulome in the Klebsiella spp, the ResFinder, CARD, IS Finder, PlasmidFinder, PHASTER, Roary, VFDB were used. The phenotypic susceptibility profiling identified the uropathogenic kp3 to exhibit multi drug resistance. The resistome and in vitro antimicrobial profiling showed concordance with all the tested antibiotics against the study strains. Hypermucoviscosity was not observed for any of the test isolates; this phenotypic character matches perfectly with the absence of rmpA and magA genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of ste, stf, stc and sti major fimbrial operons of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in K. pneumoniae genome. The study identifies the discordance of virulome and virulence in Klebsiella spp. The complete genome analysis and phenotypic correlation identify uropathogenic K. pneumoniae kp3 as a carbapenem-resistant and virulent pathogen. The Pangenome of K. pneumoniae was open suggesting high genetic diversity. Diverse K serotypes were observed. Sequence typing reveals the prevalence of K. pneumoniae high-risk clones in UTI catheterised patients. The study also highlights the concordance of resistome and in vitro susceptibility tests. Importantly, the study identifies the necessity of virulome and phenotypic virulence markers for timely diagnosis and immediate treatment for the management of high-risk K. pneumoniae clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami Krishnamoorthy Sundaresan
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaya Gangwar
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aravind Murugavel
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Babu Malli Mohan
- Microbial Omics Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, United States of America
| | - Jayapradha Ramakrishnan
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Aerts M, Baron S, Bortolaia V, Hendriksen R, Guerra B, Stoicescu A, Beloeil P. Technical specifications for a EU-wide baseline survey of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from aquaculture animals. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8928. [PMID: 39086460 PMCID: PMC11289621 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission requested scientific and technical assistance in the preparation of a EU-wide baseline survey of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from aquaculture animals. It is recommended that the survey would aim at estimating the occurrence of AMR in Aeromonas spp. isolated from Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and trout (Salmo trutta, Salvelinus fontinalis, Oncorhynchus mykiss) intended to consumption, at harvesting (at farm/slaughter), at the EU level and in addition, at estimating the occurrence and diversity of AMR of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from production areas and at dispatch centres at the EU level. These technical specifications define the target populations, the sample size for the survey, sample collection requirements, the analytical methods (for isolation, identification, phenotypic susceptibility testing and further genotypic analysis of some of the bacteria targeted) and the data reporting requirements. The data to be reported by the EU Member States to support this baseline survey are presented in three data models. The results of the survey should be reported using the EFSA reporting system.
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Kelly L, Jameson E. Bacteriophage cocktail shows no toxicity and improves the survival of Galleria mellonella infected with Klebsiella spp. J Virol 2024; 98:e0027224. [PMID: 38771043 PMCID: PMC11237459 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00272-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. are causative agents of healthcare-associated infections in patients who are immunocompromised and use medical devices. The antibiotic resistance crisis has led to an increase in infections caused by these bacteria, which can develop into potentially life-threatening illnesses if not treated swiftly and effectively. Thus, new treatment options for Klebsiella are urgently required. Phage therapy can offer an alternative to ineffective antibiotic treatments for antibiotic-resistant bacteria infections. The aim of the present study was to produce a safe and effective phage cocktail treatment against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, both in liquid in vitro culture and an in vivo Galleria mellonella infection model. The phage cocktail was significantly more effective at killing K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca strains compared with monophage treatments. Preliminary phage cocktail safety was demonstrated through application in the in vivo G. mellonella model: where the phage cocktail induced no toxic side effects in G. mellonella. In addition, the phage cocktail significantly improved the survival of G. mellonella when administered as a prophylactic treatment, compared with controls. In conclusion, our phage cocktail was demonstrated to be safe and effective against Klebsiella spp. in the G. mellonella infection model. This provides a strong case for future treatment for Klebsiella infections, either as an alternative or adjunct to antibiotics.IMPORTANCEKlebsiella infections are a concern in individuals who are immunocompromised and are becoming increasingly difficult to treat with antibiotics due to their drug-resistant properties. Bacteriophage is one potential alternative therapy that could be used to tackle these infections. The present study describes the design of a non-toxic phage cocktail that improved the survival of Galleria mellonella infected with Klebsiella. This phage cocktail demonstrates potential for the safe and effective treatment of Klebsiella infections, as an adjunct or alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Kelly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Jameson
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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Rezig K, Benkaci-Ali F, Foucaunier ML, Laurent S, Umar HI, Alex OD, Tata S. HPLC/ESI-MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cnicus benedictus L. Roots: A Study of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Alzheimer's Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202300724. [PMID: 37997548 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of Cnicus benedictus roots from four Algerian regions was investigated. Extractions were performed in both hydro-methanolic (30 : 70, v/v) and hydro-ethanolic (30 : 70, v/v) solvents. Their efficiency was determined in terms of the qualitative and quantitative composition in phenolic compounds by HPLC-LC/MS of the different extracts isolated from C. Benedictus roots. Cnicus benedictus roots extract have been characterized by high content of phenolic compounds, where the trans chalcone, 2,3-dihydro flavone, 3-hydroxy flavone and cinnamic acid constitute the major components, in addition to fourteen minor acidic compounds and flavonoids as rutin. The hydro-methanolic extract was the richest in phenolic compounds yield from C benedictus. On the other hand, hydro methanolic (30 : 70, v/v) and hydro ethanolic (30 : 70, v/v) extracts exhibited a high anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (IC50 : 6.05±94.16 μg/mL) as well as by in silico docking according two methods. Likewise, anti-Alzheimer activity of extracts was confirmed by this last technique taking into account the major compounds identified. Antibacterial tests revealed interesting results compared to amoxicillin for the different regions studied with a high content in trans chalcone and 3-hydroxy Flavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Rezig
- Ecole Normale Supérieure El Bachir El-Ibrahimi (E.N.S), Ecology and Animal Laboratory, Department of Biology, BP 92, Kouba-Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farid Benkaci-Ali
- University of Sciences and Technology HouariBoumediene (U.S.T.H.B), Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Marie-Laure Foucaunier
- University of Liège c Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- University of Mons, Unit of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular, Imaging Laboratory, 20, Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Omoboyowa Damilola Alex
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Computational Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Samira Tata
- Ecole Normale Supérieure El Bachir El-Ibrahimi (E.N.S), Ecology and Animal Laboratory, Department of Biology, BP 92, Kouba-Algiers, Algeria
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Miliotis G, McDonagh F, Singh NK, O'Connor L, Tuohy A, Morris D, Venkateswaran K. Genomic analysis reveals the presence of emerging pathogenic Klebsiella lineages aboard the International Space Station. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0189723. [PMID: 37966203 PMCID: PMC10715203 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01897-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The International Space Station (ISS) is a unique, hermetically sealed environment, subject to environmental pressures not encountered on Earth, including microgravity and radiation (cosmic ionising/UV). While bacteria's adaptability during spaceflight remains elusive, recent research suggests that it may be species and even clone-specific. Considering the documented spaceflight-induced suppression of the human immune system, a deper understanding of the genomics of potential human pathogens in space could shed light on species and lineages of medical astromicrobiological significance. In this study, we used hybrid assembly methods and comparative genomics to deliver a comprehensive genomic characterization of 10 Klebsiella isolates retrieved from the ISS. Our analysis unveiled that Klebsiella quasipneumoniae ST138 demonstrates both spatial and temporal persistence aboard the ISS, showing evidence of genomic divergence from its Earth-based ST138 lineage. Moreover, we characterized plasmids from Klebsiella species of ISS origin, which harbored genes for disinfectant resistance and enhanced thermotolerance, suggestin possible adaptive advantages. Furthermore, we identified a mobile genetic element containing a hypervirulence-associated locus belonging to a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate of the "high-risk" ST101 clone. Our work provides insights into the adaptability and persistence of Klebsiella species during spaceflight, highlighting the importance of understanding the dynamics of potential pathogenic bacteria in such environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Miliotis
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francesca McDonagh
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nitin Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Louise O'Connor
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alma Tuohy
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Ma X, Zhao C, Xu Y, Zhang H. Roles of host SUMOylation in bacterial pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0028323. [PMID: 37725062 PMCID: PMC10580907 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00283-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria frequently interfere with the post-translational modifications of host cells to facilitate their survival and growth after invasion. SUMOylation, a reversible post-translational modification process, plays an important role in biological life activities. In addition to being critical to host cell metabolism and survival, SUMOylation also regulates gene expression and cell signal transmission. Moreover, SUMOylation in eukaryotic cells can be used by a variety of bacterial pathogens to advance bacterial invasion. In this minireview, we focused on the role and mechanism of host SUMOylation in the pathogenesis of six important clinical bacterial pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli). Taken together, this review provided new insights for understanding the unique pathogen-host interaction based on host SUMOylation and provided a novel perspective on the development of new strategies to combat bacterial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyao Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhangjiagang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Nikapitiya C, Chandrarathna HPSU, Dias MKHM, Lee J, De Zoysa M. Characterization and biocontrol efficacy of lytic phage (KPP-1) that infects multidrug resistant Klebsiella variicola. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2509-2520. [PMID: 37368195 PMCID: PMC10484831 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella variicola strain was identified from a natural water stream. Novel phage (KPP-1) infecting K. variicola was isolated and characterized. The biocontrol efficacy of KPP-1 against K. variicola-infected adult zebrafish was also investigated. The host K. variicola strain was resistant to six of the antibiotics tested and comprised the virulence genes kfuBC, fim, ureA, and Wza-Wzb-Wzccps. Morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed that KPP-1 has icosahedron head and tail structures. The latent period and burst size of KPP-1 were 20 min and 88 PFU per infected cell, respectively, at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1. KPP-1 was stable over a broad pH range (3-11), temperature (4-50 °C), and salinity (0.1-3%). KPP-1 inhibits the growth of K. variicola in vitro and in vivo. In the zebrafish infection model, treatment with KPP-1-infected K. variicola demonstrated 56% of cumulative survival. This suggests the possibility of developing KPP-1 as a potential biocontrol agent against multidrug-resistant K. variicola that belongs to the K. pneumoniae complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - H P S U Chandrarathna
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Nucci A, Rocha EPC, Rendueles O. Latent evolution of biofilm formation depends on life-history and genetic background. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:53. [PMID: 37537176 PMCID: PMC10400614 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to one environment can often generate phenotypic and genotypic changes which impact the future ability of an organism to thrive in other environmental conditions. In the context of host-microbe interactions, biofilm formation can increase survival rates in vivo upon exposure to stresses, like the host's immune system or antibiotic therapy. However, how the generic process of adaptation impacts the ability to form biofilm and how it may change through time has seldomly been studied. To do so, we used a previous evolution experiment with three strains of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex, in which we specifically did not select for biofilm formation. We observed that changes in the ability to form biofilm happened very fast at first and afterwards reverted to ancestral levels in many populations. Biofilm changes were associated to changes in population yield and surface polysaccharide production. Genotypically, mutations in the tip adhesin of type III fimbriae (mrkD) or the fim switch of type I fimbriae were shaped by nutrient availability during evolution, and their impact on biofilm formation was dependent on capsule production. Analyses of natural isolates revealed similar mutations in mrkD, suggesting that such mutations also play an important role in adaptation outside the laboratory. Our work reveals that the latent evolution of biofilm formation, and its temporal dynamics, depend on nutrient availability, the genetic background and other intertwined phenotypic and genotypic changes. Ultimately, it suggests that small differences in the environment can alter an organism's fate in more complex niches like the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Nucci
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo P C Rocha
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Olaya Rendueles
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Ndlovu T, Kgosietsile L, Motshwarakgole P, Ndlovu SI. Evaluation of Potential Factors Influencing the Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Alternative Treatment Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:381. [PMID: 37624319 PMCID: PMC10459473 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic K. pneumoniae into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental K. pneumoniae include the eminent global climatic variations as a direct or indirect effect of human activities. The ability of microorganisms to adapt and grow at an exponential rate facilitates the distribution of environmental strains with acquired resistant mutations into water systems, vegetation, and soil which are major intersection points with animals and humans. The bacterial pathogen, K. pneumoniae, is one of the critical-priority pathogens listed by the World Health Organization, mostly associated with hospital-acquired infections. However, the increasing prevalence of pathogenic environmental strains with similar characteristics to clinical-antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates is concerning. Considering the eminent impact of global climatic variations in the spread and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, in this review, we closely assess factors influencing the dissemination of this pathogen resulting in increased interaction with the environment, human beings, and animals. We also look at the recent developments in rapid detection techniques as part of the response measures to improve surveillance and preparedness for potential outbreaks. Furthermore, we discuss alternative treatment strategies that include secondary metabolites such as biosurfactants and plant extracts with high antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thando Ndlovu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Lebang Kgosietsile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Pako Motshwarakgole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Sizwe I. Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Aromolaran OK, Aromolaran O, Faleye ET, Faerber H. Environmental impacts of an unlined municipal solid waste landfill on groundwater and surface water quality in Ibadan, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3585-3616. [PMID: 36454339 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and public health concerns grow on the interaction of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachates from unlined waste disposal sites with aquifers in many developing countries. This study investigated the environmental pollution impacts of an unlined MSW landfill at Ajakanga area, Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Analytical studies indicated that the concentrations of NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, NH4-, Cl-, Na, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Mo in the leachate samples exceeded the WHO wastewater discharge limits. Hydrochemical parameters of the groundwater and surface water were within WHO allowable thresholds, except for EC, TDS, Fe, Mn, and Pb in the groundwater and Pb, Cd, and Cu in the surface water, indicating major geogenic and minor MSW leachate impacts on the groundwater and surface water chemistry. Bacteria found in the leachate include Enterobacter cloacae (16.67%), Pseudomonas spp. (14.28%) and Bacillus spp. (9.52%). The geoelectrical imaging data indicated substratum leachate infiltration greater than 10 m deep, which is consistent with the low resistivity values of the topsoil-weathered basement layers. The health risk assessment showed high hazardous index values, indicating health risks of Mn, Cd and Pb in the surface water for the residents around Ajakanga landfill. Hydrochemical data indicated greater impact of the MSW leachates on the surface water than the groundwater, while geophysical data showed greater propensity of the surrounding aquifer to leachate interaction through fractured basement zone with increasing abstraction. Waste site closure and hydrochemical monitoring are suggested measures to mitigate environmental pollution in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olukemi Aromolaran
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University Iwo, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel Temitope Faleye
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Harald Faerber
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Behera S, Tanuku NRS, Moturi SRK, Loganathan J, Modali S, Tadi SR, Rachuri V. Huge anthropogenic microbial load during southwest monsoon season in coastal waters of Kakinada, Bay of Bengal. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:114977. [PMID: 37167663 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To examine the influence of anthropogenic activities on the marine ecosystem near the coastal waters of the port city, Kakinada, a study was conducted to investigate the abundance of heterotrophic, indicator and pathogenic bacteria during the spring inter monsoon (SIM) and southwest monsoon (SWM) seasons. A drastic change in the marine bacteria due to the input of allochthonous bacteria during SWM was noticed. An order of magnitude higher abundance of indicators (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis) and bacterial pathogens (Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was observed during SWM. In contrast, Chlorophyll-a, heterotrophic bacterial abundance, Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher during SIM. A significant increase in some of the indicator and pathogenic bacterial abundance due to moderate rainfall suggests that the improper drainage system in the city could spread these bacteria, posing a considerable threat to both environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnaprava Behera
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawson's Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naga Radha Srinivas Tanuku
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawson's Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Sri Rama Krishna Moturi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawson's Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, India
| | - Jagadeesan Loganathan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawson's Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, India
| | - Sravani Modali
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawson's Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, India
| | - Satyanarayana Reddy Tadi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawson's Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, India
| | - Vivek Rachuri
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawson's Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, India
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Gravey F, Wilson S, Denisenko A, Lehoussel C, Fines-Guyon M, Le Hello S, Jeanne-Leroyer C. Highlighting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak by routine genomic typing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16131. [PMID: 37251855 PMCID: PMC10209395 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing has become the gold standard for any microbiological investigations. Taking the opportunity to doing it prospectively and routinely allowed to detect undeclared outbreaks. Thanks to that, we investigated and ended a rare epidemic extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST584 strain on two intensive care units over a 4-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Gravey
- Univ de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Departement of Microbiology, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - S. Wilson
- CHU Caen, Departement of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - A. Denisenko
- CHU Caen, Departement of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - C. Lehoussel
- Univ de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | | | - S. Le Hello
- Univ de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Departement of Microbiology, F-14000, Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Departement of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - C. Jeanne-Leroyer
- Univ de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen, Caen, France
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Hu D, Chen W, Wang W, Tian D, Fu P, Ren P, Mu Q, Li G, Jiang X. Hypercapsule is the cornerstone of Klebsiella pneumoniae in inducing pyogenic liver abscess. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1147855. [PMID: 37065211 PMCID: PMC10102340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1147855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pyogenic liver abscess (PLA).MethodsForty-three K. pneumoniae strains from PLAs and 436 from non-PLAs were collected. Their differences were compared for virulence genes and factors, sequence types, and serotypes. Virulence genes wzi, wzy-K1, and wzi+wzy-K1 were deleted in K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044. Various analyses, such as transmission electron microscopy, neutrophil killing tests, and mouse lethality tests, were used to confirm the consequent changes.ResultsDifferences were found between K. pneumoniae strains from PLA and non-PLA samples for virulence genes and factors, including metabolism genes (allS and peg-344), capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-synthesis channel gene (wzy-K1), CPS-regulating genes (p-rmpA, p-rmpA2, and c-rmpA), and siderophore genes (iucA and iroN). When wzy-K1 was positive, the difference between PLA and non-PLA samples was only observed with c-rmpA. Δwzi, Δwzy-K1, and ΔwziΔwzy-K1 strains reverted to hypovirulence. In the Kupffer cell stimulation assay, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β secretions were found to be equivalent in NTUH-K2044, Δwzi, Δwzy-K1, and ΔwziΔwzy-K1 groups. Lower IL-1β and higher tumor necrosis factor-α secretions were observed for Δwzi, Δwzy-K1, and ΔwziΔwzy-K1.ConclusionsHypercapsule production is the cornerstone of hypervirulence, regardless of exopolysaccharides. K1 K. pneumoniae-induced PLA may decrease core inflammatory cytokines rather than increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. Exopolysaccharides could also attenuate the inflammatory response to aid in the immune escape of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxing Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Microbiology Department, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Demonstration Centre of Laboratory Medicine Experimental Teaching, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Xiaofei Jiang,
| | - Xiaofei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Xiaofei Jiang,
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Odoyo E, Matano D, Tiria F, Georges M, Kyanya C, Wahome S, Mutai W, Musila L. Environmental contamination across multiple hospital departments with multidrug-resistant bacteria pose an elevated risk of healthcare-associated infections in Kenyan hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:22. [PMID: 36978195 PMCID: PMC10053033 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are often caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria contaminating hospital environments which can cause outbreaks as well as sporadic transmission. METHODS This study systematically sampled and utilized standard bacteriological culture methods to determine the numbers and types of MDR Enterococcus faecalis/faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species, and Escherichia coli (ESKAPEE) from high-touch environments of five Kenyan hospitals; level 6 and 5 hospitals (A, B, and C), and level 4 hospitals (D and E), in 2018. Six hundred and seventeen high-touch surfaces across six hospital departments; surgical, general, maternity, newborn, outpatient and pediatric were sampled. RESULTS 78/617 (12.6%) of the sampled high-touch surfaces were contaminated with MDR ESKAPEE; A. baumannii, 23/617 (3.7%), K. pneumoniae, 22/617 (3.6%), Enterobacter species, 19/617 (3.1%), methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 5/617 (0.8%), E. coli, 5/617 (0.8%), P. aeruginosa, 2/617 (0.3%), and E. faecalis and faecium, 2/617 (0.3%). Items found in patient areas, such as beddings, newborn incubators, baby cots, and sinks were the most frequently contaminated. Level 6 and 5 hospitals, B, 21/122 (17.2%), A, 21/122 (17.2%), and C, 18/136 (13.2%), were more frequently contaminated with MDR ESKAPEE than level 4 hospitals; D, 6/101 (5.9%), and E, 8/131 (6.1%). All the sampled hospital departments were contaminated with MDR ESKAPEE, with high levels observed in newborn, surgical and maternity. All the A. baumannii, Enterobacter species, and K. pneumoniae isolates were non-susceptible to piperacillin, ceftriaxone and cefepime. 22/23 (95.6%) of the A. baumannii isolates were non-susceptible to meropenem. In addition, 5 K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics tested except for colistin. CONCLUSION The presence of MDR ESKAPEE across all the hospitals demonstrated gaps in infection prevention practices (IPCs) that should be addressed. Non-susceptibility to last-line antibiotics such as meropenem threatens the ability to treat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Odoyo
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Matano
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Tiria
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martin Georges
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cecilia Kyanya
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Winnie Mutai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lillian Musila
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.
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15
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Pertics BZ, Kovács T, Schneider G. Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage and Demonstration of Its Combined Lytic Effect with a K2 Depolymerase on the Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain 52145. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030669. [PMID: 36985241 PMCID: PMC10051899 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen. Among its virulence factors is the capsule with a prominent role in defense and biofilm formation. Bacteriophages (phages) can evoke the lysis of bacterial cells. Due to the mode of action of their polysaccharide depolymerase enzymes, phages are typically specific for one bacterial strain and its capsule type. In this study, we characterized a bacteriophage against the capsule-defective mutant of the nosocomial K. pneumoniae 52145 strain, which lacks K2 capsule. The phage showed a relatively narrow host range but evoked lysis on a few strains with capsular serotypes K33, K21, and K24. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly isolated Klebsiella phage 731 belongs to the Webervirus genus in the Drexlerviridae family; it has a 31.084 MDa double-stranded, linear DNA with a length of 50,306 base pairs and a G + C content of 50.9%. Out of the 79 open reading frames (ORFs), we performed the identification of orf22, coding for a trimeric tail fiber protein with putative capsule depolymerase activity, along with the mapping of other putative depolymerases of phage 731 and homologous phages. Efficacy of a previously described recombinant K2 depolymerase (B1dep) was tested by co-spotting phage 731 on K. pneumoniae strains, and it was demonstrated that the B1dep-phage 731 combination allows the lysis of the wild type 52145 strain, originally resistant to the phage 731. With phage 731, we showed that B1dep is a promising candidate for use as a possible antimicrobial agent, as it renders the virulent strain defenseless against other phages. Phage 731 alone is also important due to its efficacy on K. pneumoniae strains possessing epidemiologically important serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Zsombor Pertics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, Nanophagetherapy Center, Enviroinvest Corporation, Kertváros St. 2., H-7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-200 (ext. 1908)
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16
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Antibacterial Activity of Peptide Derivatives of Phosphinothricin against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031234. [PMID: 36770901 PMCID: PMC9920448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast spread of bacteria that are resistant to many classes of antibiotics (multidrug resistant) is a global threat to human and animal health with a worrisome scenario ahead. Novel therapeutical strategies are of crucial importance to combat this phenomenon. For this purpose, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of the naturally occurring tripeptide Bialaphos and a dipeptide L-leucyl-L-phosphinoithricin, the synthesis and diastereomers separation of which are herein described. We demonstrate that these compounds are effective on clinical isolates of the human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae, causing hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. The tested isolates were remarkable for their resistance to more than 20 commercial antibiotics of different classes. Based on previous literature data and our experiments consisting of glutamine supplementation, we suggest that both compounds release phosphinothricin-a well-known nanomolar inhibitor of glutamine synthetase-after their penetration in the bacterial cells; and, in this way, exert their antibacterial effect by negatively affecting nitrogen assimilation in this pathogen.
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17
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Zhao Y, Feng L, Zhou B, Zhang X, Yao Z, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhou T, Chen L. A newly isolated bacteriophage vB8388 and its synergistic effect with aminoglycosides against multi-drug resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strain FK-8388. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105906. [PMID: 36494020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bacteriophage vB8388 can lyse multi-drug resistant Klebsiella oxytoca strain FK-8388 and maintain stability in a wide range of temperatures (from 4 °C to 80 °C) and pHs (3-11). Bioinformatics analysis showed that vB8388 is a linear double-stranded DNA virus that is 39,750 long with 50.65% G + C content and 44 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phage vB8388 belongs to the family Autographviridae and possesses a non-contractile tail. The latency period of vB8388 was approximately 20 min. The combination of phage vB8388 and gentamicin, amikacin, or tobramycin could effectively inhibit the growth of K. oxytoca strain FK-8388, with a decrease of more than 4 log units within 12 h in vitro. Phage vB8388 showed a strong synergistic effect with gentamicin that could enhance the anti-biofilm effect of vB8388. The phage + gentamicin combination also showed synergy in vivo in the larval infection model of Galleria mellonella. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest the potential of phage + antibiotic combination therapy to be used as an alternative therapeutic approach for treating infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Luozhu Feng
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhuocheng Yao
- Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lingbo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhongyong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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18
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AmiA and AliA peptide ligands are secreted by Klebsiella pneumoniae and inhibit growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22268. [PMID: 36564446 PMCID: PMC9789142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the human nasopharynx, a multi-species microbial niche. Pneumococcal Ami-AliA/AliB oligopeptide permease is an ABC transporter involved in environmental sensing with peptides AKTIKITQTR, FNEMQPIVDRQ, and AIQSEKARKHN identified as ligands of its substrate binding proteins AmiA, AliA, and AliB, respectively. These sequences match ribosomal proteins of multiple bacterial species, including Klebsiella pneumoniae. By mass spectrometry, we identified such peptides in the Klebsiella pneumoniae secretome. AmiA and AliA peptide ligands suppressed pneumococcal growth, but the effect was dependent on peptide length. Growth was suppressed for diverse pneumococci, including antibiotic-resistant strains, but not other bacterial species tested, with the exception of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, whose growth was suppressed by the AmiA peptide ligand. By multiple sequence alignments and protein and peptide binding site predictions, for AmiA we have identified the location of an amino acid in the putative binding site whose mutation appears to result in loss of response to the peptide. Our results indicate that pneumococci sense the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae peptides in the environment.
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19
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Dai P, Hu D. The making of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24743. [PMID: 36347819 PMCID: PMC9757020 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a notorious bacterium in clinical practice. Virulence, carbapenem-resistance and their convergence among K. pneumoniae are extensively discussed in this article. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HvKP) has spread from the Asian Pacific Rim to the world, inducing various invasive infections, such as pyogenic liver abscess, endophthalmitis, and meningitis. Furthermore, HvKP has acquired more and more drug resistance. Among multidrug-resistant HvKP, hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (Hv-CRKP), and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (CR-HvKP) are both devastating for their extreme drug resistance and virulence. The hypervirulence of HvKP is primarily attributed to hypercapsule, macromolecular exopolysaccharides, or excessive siderophores, although it has many other factors, for example, lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae, and porins. In contrast with classical determination of HvKP, that is, animal lethality test, molecular determination could be an optional and practical method after improvement. HvKP, including Hv-CRKP and CR-HvKP, has been progressing. R-M and CRISPR-Cas systems may play pivotal roles in such evolutions. Hv-CRKP and CR-HvKP, in particular the former, should be of severe concern due to their being more and more prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Dai
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTaizhou Municipal HospitalTaizhouChina
| | - Dakang Hu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineTaizhou Municipal HospitalTaizhouChina
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20
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Horng YT, Dewi Panjaitan NS, Chang HJ, Wei YH, Chien CC, Yang HC, Chang HY, Soo PC. A protein containing the DUF1471 domain regulates biofilm formation and capsule production in Klebsiella pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:1246-1254. [PMID: 34924339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Biofilms formed by Klebsiella pneumoniae on medical devices increase infection risk. Fimbriae and capsule polysaccharides (CPSs) are important factors involved in biofilm formation. KP1_4563 in K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044, a small protein containing the DUF1471 domain, was reported to inhibit type 3 fimbriae function. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the KP1_4563 homolog is conserved in each K. pneumoniae isolate and what role it has in Klebsiella biofilms. METHODS The genomes of K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044, CG43, MGH78578, KPPR1 and STU1 were compared. The KP1_4563 homolog in K. pneumoniae STU1 was named orfX. Biofilms of wild-type and orfX mutant strains from K. pneumoniae STU1 and one clinical isolate, 83535, were quantified. Transcription levels of the type 3 fimbrial genes, mrkA and mrkH, were investigated by RT-qPCR. MrkA of the wild-type and orfX mutant were observed by Western blotting. The morphology of bacterial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bacterial CPSs were quantified. RESULTS The gene and upstream region of orfX were conserved among the five K. pneumoniae isolates. Deletion of orfX enhanced Klebsiella biofilm formation. However, the amount of mRNA from mrkA and mrkH and the level of MrkA protein were not different between the wild type and orfX mutant. In contrast, the amount of CPS in orfX mutants was increased, compared to their parental strains, STU1 and 83535. CONCLUSION The role of orfX is speculated to be conserved in most K. pneumoniae isolates. OrfX negatively controlled biofilm formation by reducing CPS, not type 3 fimbriae, production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tze Horng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Ju Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hong Wei
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Ching Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Heng-Yuan Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Chi Soo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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21
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Singh V, Dhankhar P, Dalal V, Tomar S, Kumar P. In-silico functional and structural annotation of hypothetical protein from Klebsiella pneumonia: A potential drug target. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 116:108262. [PMID: 35839717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumonia is known to cause several nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. It has developed resistance against a broad range of presently available antibiotics, resulting in high mortality rates in patients and declared an urgent threat. Therefore, exploration of possible novel drug targets against this opportunistic bacteria needs to be undertaken. In the present study, we performed an extensive in-silico analysis for functional and structural annotation and characterized HP CP995_08280 from K. pneumonia as a drug target and aimed to identify potent drug candidates. The functional and structural studies using several bioinformatics tools and databases predicted that HP CP995_08280 is a cytosolic protein that belongs to the β-lactamase family and shares structural similarity with FmtA protein from Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 5ZH8). The structure of HP CP995_08280 was successfully modeled followed by structure-based virtual screening, docking, molecular dynamics, and Molecular mechanic/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) were performed to identify the potential compounds. We have found five potent antibacterial molecules, namely BDD 24083171, BDD 24085737, BDE 25098678, BDE 33638819, and BDE 33672484, which exhibited high binding affinity (>-7.5 kcal/mol) and were stabilized by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with active site residues (Ser42, Lys45, Tyr126, and Asp128) of protein. Molecular dynamics and MMPBSA revealed that HP CP995_08280 - ligand(s) complexes were less dynamic and more stable than native HP CP995_08280. Hence, the present study may serve as a potential lead for developing inhibitors against drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Poonam Dhankhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India.
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22
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Doherty G, Kreinces J, Souza F, Kim DE. Chronic cholecystitis from Raoultella planticola infection associated with adenomyomatous hyperplasia. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac529. [DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A 67-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Computed tomography was suggestive of cholecystitis, but neither ultrasound nor magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography found evidence of cholecystitis or biliary ductal dilatation. The patient was started on piperacillin-tazobactam, and blood cultures revealed gram-negative-rod bacteremia. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and bile cultures grew Raoultella planticola susceptible to ciprofloxacin, which was identical to the speciation of her positive blood cultures. In addition, pathology revealed adenomyomatous hyperplasia of the gallbladder and chronic cholecystitis. Unlike other cases of R. planticola cholecystitis, our patient had no significant risk factors for the infection—no history of immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, nor underlying malignancy. We discuss the current knowledge of R. planticola infection in the setting of chronic cholecystitis and adenomyomatous hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Doherty
- Department of Medicine, Greenwich Hospital, Yale New Haven Health System , Greenwich, CT , USA
| | - Jason Kreinces
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center , Valhalla, NY , USA
| | - Fabiola Souza
- Department of Pathology, Greenwich Hospital, Yale New Haven Health System , Greenwich, CT , USA
| | - Daniel E Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
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Palusiak A. Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae as pathogens capable of causing co-infections and exhibiting similarities in their virulence factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991657. [PMID: 36339335 PMCID: PMC9630907 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genera Klebsiella and Proteus were independently described in 1885. These Gram-negative rods colonize the human intestinal tract regarded as the main reservoir of these opportunistic pathogens. In favorable conditions they cause infections, often hospital-acquired ones. The activity of K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, the leading pathogens within each genus, results in infections of the urinary (UTIs) and respiratory tracts, wounds, bacteremia, affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae cause polymicrobial UTIs, which are often persistent due to the catheter biofilm formation or increasing resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics. In this situation a need arises to find the antigens with features common to both species. Among many virulence factors produced by both pathogens urease shows some structural similarities but the biggest similarities have been observed in lipids A and the core regions of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Both species produce capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) but only in K. pneumoniae these antigens play a crucial role in the serological classification scheme, which in Proteus spp. is based on the structural and serological diversity of LPS O-polysaccharides (OPSs). Structural and serological similarities observed for Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. polysaccharides are important in the search for the cross-reacting vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Palusiak
- Laboratory of General Microbiology, Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Sydow K, Eger E, Schwabe M, Heiden SE, Bohnert JA, Franzenburg S, Jurischka C, Schierack P, Schaufler K. Geno- and Phenotypic Characteristics of a Klebsiella pneumoniae ST20 Isolate with Unusual Colony Morphology. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102063. [PMID: 36296341 PMCID: PMC9606995 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common member of the intestinal flora of vertebrates. In addition to opportunistic representatives, hypervirulent (hvKp) and antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae (ABR-Kp) occur. While ABR-Kp isolates often cause difficult-to-treat diseases due to limited therapeutic options, hvKp is a pathotype that can infect healthy individuals often leading to recurrent infection. Here, we investigated the clinical K. pneumoniae isolate PBIO3459 obtained from a blood sample, which showed an unusual colony morphology. By combining whole-genome and RNA sequencing with multiple in vitro and in vivo virulence-associated assays, we aimed to define the respective Klebsiella subtype and explore the unusual phenotypic appearance. We demonstrate that PBIO3459 belongs to sequence type (ST)20 and carries no acquired resistance genes, consistent with phenotypic susceptibility tests. In addition, the isolate showed low-level virulence, both at genetic and phenotypic levels. We thus suggest that PBIO3459 is an opportunistic (commensal) K. pneumoniae isolate. Genomic comparison of PBIO3459 with closely related ABR-Kp ST20 isolates revealed that they differed only in resistance genes. Finally, the unusual colony morphology was mainly associated with carbohydrate and amino acid transport and metabolism. In conclusion, our study reveals the characteristics of a Klebsiella sepsis isolate and suggests that opportunistic representatives likely acquire and accumulate antibiotic resistances that subsequently enable their emergence as ABR-Kp pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sydow
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elias Eger
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Schwabe
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan E. Heiden
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jürgen A. Bohnert
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Jurischka
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-420-4869
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Role of Klebsiella pneumoniae Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in long-term gastrointestinal colonization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16968. [PMID: 36216848 PMCID: PMC9550808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type VI secretion systems (T6SS), recently described in hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) strains, are involved in bacterial warfare but their role in classical clinical strains (cKp) has been little investigated. In silico analysis indicated the presence of T6SS clusters (from zero to four), irrespective of the strains origin or virulence, with a high prevalence in the K. pneumoniae species (98%). In the strain CH1157, two T6SS-apparented pathogenicity islands were detected, T6SS-1 and -2, harboring a phospholipase-encoding gene (tle1) and a potential new effector-encoding gene named tke (Type VI Klebsiella effector). Tle1 expression in Escherichia coli periplasm affected cell membrane permeability. T6SS-1 isogenic mutants colonized the highest gastrointestinal tract of mice less efficiently than their parental strain, at long term. Comparative analysis of faecal 16S sequences indicated that T6SS-1 impaired the microbiota richness and its resilience capacity. Oscillospiraceae family members could be specific competitors for the long-term gut establishment of K. pneumoniae.
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Investigating Antimicrobial Resistance and ESBL Producing Gene in Klebsiella Isolates among Neonates and Adolescents in Southern Bangladesh. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:7071009. [PMID: 36249592 PMCID: PMC9553706 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) have been increasingly documented in community-acquired and nosocomial infections all around the globe. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are a rapidly evolving group of β-lactamase enzymes derived from SHV genes by mutations. This research work aimed to investigate and analyze the widespread prevalence of Kpn antibiotic resistance in different areas of the southern part of Bangladesh. Methods This particular study was executed and implemented by using 501 clinical samples or isolates from two different hospitals in Chattogram. The disk diffusion method was used to detect Kpn's sensitivity to 16 antibiotics in a drug susceptibility test. By using the PCR technique, the widespread prevalence of antibiotic-resistant gene blaSHV-11 was studied. Sequencing along with phylogenetic analysis was utilized to verify isolates with the blaSHV-11 gene. Results Almost all of the Kpn isolates were spotted to be antibiotic-resistant. These Kpn isolates were resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones at high levels. The spatial analysis displayed that infections involving Kpn were more common in the urban areas (70%) than in the rural areas (30%). Neonates had substantially higher levels (p < 0.001) of resistance to multidrug than other age groups. Cefepime was identified as the most frequent antibiotic-resistant to all age groups (56.68%). The highest numbers of resistant isolates (36.92%) were found in urine samples. The ESBL gene blaSHV-11 was found in 38% isolates. Conclusion The significant frequency of MDR Kpn harboring β-lactamases and AMR genes strongly suggests the requirement to develop effective antimicrobial resistance control and prevention measures in Bangladesh.
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Sommaggio LRD, Oliveira FA, Malvestiti JA, Mazzeo DEC, Levy CE, Dantas RF, Marin-Morales MA. Assessment of phytotoxic potential and pathogenic bacteria removal from secondary effluents during ozonation and UV/H 2O 2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115522. [PMID: 35759961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reuse is an important strategy for water resource management. For this reason, the disinfection process must be appropriated, eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. Ozonation (O3) and UV/H2O2 treatments can be used for effluent disinfection, but few studies just address the Escherichia coli quantification. In this study, secondary effluents from two wastewater treatment plants with different characteristics were exposed to O3 (5 and 10 mg L-1) or UV/H2O2 (H2O2: 90 mg L-1) treatments and evaluated by BD Phoenix ™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA) and MALDI-TOF for the characterization of the indigenous microorganisms in the effluents, before and after treatments. Additionally, all the samples were tested for phytotoxicity by Lactuca sativa bioassay. The results showed that the highest ozone dose and the UV/H2O2 treatment were effective in removing E. coli. UV/H2O2 was more efficient as it eliminated most of the microorganisms. Acinetobacter sp., Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were still found after O3 treatment. Bacillus sp. was found after O3 and UV/H2O2 treatments. The results with L. sativa showed inhibition of root growth for all dry period (low rainfall) samples of one of the WWTP, due to the high concentration of the phytotoxicity compounds. For environmental and human health safety, treated effluents should be evaluated for their toxic and pathogenic potential before being released into the environment. Pathogens evaluation on treated effluents should cover a wider range of pathogenic microorganisms than those routinely required by legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Roberta Deroldo Sommaggio
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávio A Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Dânia Elisa Christofoletti Mazzeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Emílio Levy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Falcão Dantas
- School of Technology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Paschoal Marmo 1888, 13484332, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Characterization of Beta-Lactam Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients at Major Hospitals in Trinidad, West Indies. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:278. [PMID: 35920975 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Accurate species identification and antibiotic resistance profiling are essential for the effective management of infections caused by bacterial pathogens. In this study, 373 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from major hospitals in Trinidad, West Indies, were characterized for resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics and the presence of genes encoding important virulence factors. Most of the isolates showed extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activity but few also displayed carbapenemase or 'ESBL + carbapenemase' activities. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the presence of genes for ESBL subtypes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M that were dominant in isolates with the ESBL phenotype as well as those that did not show ESBL or carbapenemase activities. The carbapenem resistance gene, blaKPC, and the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene, blaNDM-1, were also detected in some of the isolates. Multiple virulence genes were also detected, but the fimH-uge was the most common combination found among the local isolates. The findings of this study represent the first comprehensive study on the prevalence of ESBL, KPC and MBL genes and virulence profiling in antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae in Trinidad. Furthermore, the occurrence of multiple resistant phenotypes and gene combinations were revealed, though at low prevalence rates. This work emphasizes the need to implement molecular-based techniques in diagnostic workflows for rapid and accurate species identification and profiling of resistance and virulence genes in K. pneumoniae in Trinidad and Tobago.
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Denissen J, Reyneke B, Waso-Reyneke M, Havenga B, Barnard T, Khan S, Khan W. Prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens in the environment: Antibiotic resistance status, community-acquired infection and risk to human health. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 244:114006. [PMID: 35841823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens are characterised by increased levels of resistance towards multiple classes of first line and last-resort antibiotics. Although these pathogens are frequently isolated from clinical environments and are implicated in a variety of life-threatening, hospital-associated infections; antibiotic resistant ESKAPE strains have been isolated from environmental reservoirs such as surface water, wastewater, food, and soil. Literature on the persistence and subsequent health risks posed by the ESKAPE isolates in extra-hospital settings is however, limited and the current review aims to elucidate the primary reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment, their antibiotic resistance profiles, and the link to community-acquired infections. Additionally, information on the current state of research regarding health-risk assessments linked to exposure of the ESKAPE pathogens in the natural environment, is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Denissen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Brandon Reyneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Monique Waso-Reyneke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Havenga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Tobias Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 7305, South Africa
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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Elshafiee EA, Kadry M, Nader SM, Ahmed ZS. Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from fresh produce farms in different governorates of Egypt. Vet World 2022; 15:1191-1196. [PMID: 35765488 PMCID: PMC9210849 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1191-1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fresh produce farms represents a major source of concern since they are becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant. This study aimed to investigate t he occurrence of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases (ESBL) - producing genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from fresh produce farms in Egypt, irrigation water, and people working in these fields.
Materials and Methods: One hundred tomatoes from typical farms were collected in plastic bags. The study also included 20 surface-water samples from different irrigation watersheds in fresh produce farms, as well as 50 feces samples from farmworkers. Suspected K. pneumoniae was grown on Eosin Methylene Blue agar for 24 h before being biochemically identified using the RapID ONE test. PCR was used to detect carbapenemase (blaKPC, blaOXA-48, and blaNDM) and ESBL (blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX) expressing genes on isolates.
Results: K. pneumoniae was identified in 30% of water and 10% of worker samples, while only one isolate was found in tomato samples. One of the six irrigation water isolates tested positive for carbapenem-resistant NDM. In contrast, two isolates tested positive for ESBL determinants, one of which was blaSHV and the other having both blaSHV and blaTEM genes. Two of the five K. pneumoniae isolates from farmworkers were positive for blaNDM, with one isolate also testing positive for blaSHV and blaTEM. The blaOXA-48 gene was also discovered in the carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae tomato isolate used in this study.
Conclusion: Carbapenemase- and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were found in fresh produce farms, implying that these resistance genes were being passed down to Egyptian consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A. Elshafiee
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Kadry
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Mohamed Nader
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab S. Ahmed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Håkonsholm F, Hetland MA, Svanevik CS, Lunestad BT, Löhr IH, Marathe NP. Insights into the genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and pathogenic potential of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the Norwegian marine environment using whole-genome analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 242:113967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Long DL, Wang YH, Wang JL, Mu SJ, Chen L, Shi XQ, Li JQ. Fatal community-acquired bloodstream infection caused by Klebsiella variicola: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2474-2483. [PMID: 35434053 PMCID: PMC8968595 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i8.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an infective microorganism of worldwide concern because of its varied manifestations and life-threatening potential. Genetic analyses have revealed that subspecies of K. pneumoniae exhibit higher virulence and mortality. However, infections with Klebsiella subspecies are often misdiagnosed and underestimated in the clinic because of difficulties in distinguishing K. pneumoniae from its subspecies using routine tests. This case study reports the rapid and fatal effects of K. pneumoniae subspecies.
CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male patient was febrile and admitted to hospital. Examinations excluded viral and fungal causes along with mycoplasma/chlamydia and parasitic infections. Bacterial cultures revealed blood-borne K. pneumoniae sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics, although corresponding treatment failed to improve the patient’s symptoms. His condition worsened and death occurred within 72 h of symptom onset from sepsis shock. Application of the PMseq-DNA Pro high throughput gene detection assay was implemented with results obtained after death showing a mixed infection of K. pneumoniae and Klebsiella variicola (K. variicola). Clinical evidence suggested that K. variicola rather than K. pneumoniae contributed to the patient’s poor prognosis.
CONCLUSION This is the first case report to show patient death from Klebsiella subspecies infection within a short period of time. This case provides a timely reminder of the clinical hazards posed by Klebsiella subspecies and highlights the limitations of classical laboratory methods in guiding anti-infective therapies for complex cases. Moreover, this report serves as reference for physicians diagnosing similar diseases and provides a recommendation to employ early genetic detection to aid patient diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Li Long
- Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Si-Jie Mu
- Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xian-Qing Shi
- Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian-Quan Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune Related Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China
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Goh SG, Jiang P, Ng C, Le TH, Haller L, Chen H, Charles FR, Chen H, Liu X, He Y, Gin KYH. A new modelling framework for assessing the relative burden of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127621. [PMID: 34763923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) can lead to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality compared to bacteria that are susceptible to antibiotics. Challenges exist in quantifying the potential risk/burden associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as there is a lack of dose-response models available for pathogens which are resistant to antibiotics, in addition to the fact that very little is known regarding the health risks posed by antibiotic resistant genes (ARG). In this paper, we proposed a new modelling framework to evaluate the relative burden of AMR in natural aquatic environments. With this framework, an AMR burden score for each sample was calculated based on burden coefficients assigned for each ARB and ARG, as well as weighted burdens for the separate ARBs and ARGs components. The method developed in this study was applied to assess the relative burden of AMR in local aquatic environments with different land uses at different seasons. The collected filed data were used to verify the applicability of the proposed relative burden assessment method. Through the established method, the spatial and temporal hotspots of AMR were identified, which could provide useful information to agencies for better control and management of AMR emergence in natural aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Giek Goh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Charmaine Ng
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Thai-Hoang Le
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Laurence Haller
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Hongjie Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Huiting Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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Chang D, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Zhang D. Clinical Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Control Strategies of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:750662. [PMID: 34992583 PMCID: PMC8724557 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella species cause infections at multiple sites, including lung, urinary tract, bloodstream, wound or surgical site, and brain. These infections are more likely to occur in people with preexisting health conditions. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has emerged as a major pathogen of international concern due to the increasing incidences of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant strains. It is imperative to understand risk factors, prevention strategies, and therapeutic avenues to treat multidrug-resistant Klebsiella infections. Here, we highlight the epidemiology, risk factors, and control strategies against K. pneumoniae infections to highlight the grave risk posed by this pathogen and currently available options to treat Klebsiella-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Tuberculosis Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Klebsiella oxytoca Complex: Update on Taxonomy, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 35:e0000621. [PMID: 34851134 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00006-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca is actually a complex of nine species-Klebsiella grimontii, Klebsiella huaxiensis, Klebsiella michiganensis, K. oxytoca, Klebsiella pasteurii, Klebsiella spallanzanii, and three unnamed novel species. Phenotypic tests can assign isolates to the complex, but precise species identification requires genome-based analysis. The K. oxytoca complex is a human commensal but also an opportunistic pathogen causing various infections, such as antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC), urinary tract infection, and bacteremia, and has caused outbreaks. Production of the cytotoxins tilivalline and tilimycin lead to AAHC, while many virulence factors seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae, such as capsular polysaccharides and fimbriae, have been found in the complex; however, their association with pathogenicity remains unclear. Among the 5,724 K. oxytoca clinical isolates in the SENTRY surveillance system, the rates of nonsusceptibility to carbapenems, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, colistin, and tigecycline were 1.8%, 12.5%, 7.1%, 0.8%, and 0.1%, respectively. Resistance to carbapenems is increasing alarmingly. In addition to the intrinsic blaOXY, many genes encoding β-lactamases with varying spectra of hydrolysis, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases, such as a few CTX-M variants and several TEM and SHV variants, have been found. blaKPC-2 is the most common carbapenemase gene found in the complex and is mainly seen on IncN or IncF plasmids. Due to the ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance and the carriage of multiple virulence genes, the K. oxytoca complex has the potential to become a major threat to human health.
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Yang F, Chen P, Wang H, Xing X, Wang S, Ishaq HM, Liao W. Comparative Minimal Inhibitory and Mutant Prevention Concentration of Eight Antimicrobial Agents Against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:229-235. [PMID: 34851749 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: With the emergence of multidrug-resistant and pan-resistant strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) shows higher treatment failure rates and mortality in clinics. It is more important to develop an effective method for treating K. pneumonia infections. The main objectives of this study were to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) for eight antimicrobial agents against K. pneumoniae isolated from different hosts and compare the emergence of resistant mutants between animal strains and human strains. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 nonduplicate K. pneumoniae isolates and 8 antimicrobial agents (amikacin, azithromycin, levofloxacin, doxycycline, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and imipenem) were used. The MIC and MPC values were determined using agar plate assays. The values of the selection index (SI) were calculated with MPC90/MIC90. Pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using published plasma pharmacokinetic variables. Results: For human isolate strains, the MPC50/90 (μg/mL) values were as follows: amikacin, 32/128; azithromycin, 64/128; levofloxacin, 4/16; doxycycline, 32/32; nitrofurantoin, 128/512; colistin, 4/8; tigecycline, 8/16; and imipenem, 4/8. The value of SI was 8 for azithromycin, doxycycline, and tigecycline; 16 for amikacin, levofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin; 4 for imipenem; and 2 for colistin. For animal isolate strains, the MPC90 values were 128 μg/mL for azithromycin and doxycycline, 64 μg/mL for amikacin, 32 μg/mL for levofloxacin, 512 μg/mL for nitrofurantoin, 8 μg/mL for colistin and tigecycline, 4 μg/mL for imipenem. The value of SI was 2 for colistin and imipenem, 8 for tigecycline, 16 for amikacin, and 32 for the other four agents. In combination with pharmacokinetic parameters, these findings indicated that the plasma concentrations of the seven antibiotics except imipenem were below the MPC for the entire dosing interval. Conclusion: The ability of eight antibiotics to prevent resistant mutants of K. pneumoniae was different between animal strains and human strains. Higher doses than those currently approved should be required to prevent the enrichment of mutants of drug-resistant bacteria in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Parotid Space, a Different Space from Other Deep Neck Infection Spaces. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112361. [PMID: 34835486 PMCID: PMC8623793 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep neck infections (DNIs) such as parotid abscesses are medical emergencies with a seemingly different etiology and treatment course from other DNIs. We sought to confirm this in the present retrospective population-based cohort study. Between August 2016 and January 2020, 412 patients with DNIs seen at a tertiary medical center were enrolled in this study. Infections of the parotid space were compared with those of other deep neck spaces, according to patient characteristics. All patients were divided into parotid space (PS; n = 91, 22.08%) and non-parotid space (NPS; n = 321, 77.92%) subgroups. We further divided the patients into single parotid space (PS-single; n = 50, 12.13%), single non-parotid space (NPS-single; n = 149, 36.16%), multiple parotid space (PS-multiple; n = 41, 9.95%), and multiple non-parotid space (NPS-multiple; n = 172, 41.76%) DNI subgroups. In the PS-single and PS-multiple subgroups, a longer duration of symptoms (p = 0.001), lower white blood cell count (p = 0.001), lower C-reactive protein level (p = 0.010), higher rate of ultrasonography-guided drainage (p < 0.001), and lower rates of surgical incision and drainage (p < 0.001) were observed compared with the NPS-single and NPS-multiple subgroups. The PS group had a higher positive Klebsiella pneumoniae culture rate (p < 0.001), and lower positive Streptococcus constellatus (p = 0.002), and Streptococcus anginosus (p = 0.025) culture rates than the NPS group. In a multivariate analysis, K. pneumoniae was independently associated with parotoid space involvement in comparisons of the PS and NPS groups, PS-single and NPS-single subgroups, and PS-multiple and NPS-multiple subgroups. The clinical presentation of a parotid space infection differs from that of other deep neck space infections.
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Sharaha U, Suleiman M, Abu-Aqil G, Riesenberg K, Lapidot I, Salman A, Huleihel M. Determination of Klebsiella pneumoniae Susceptibility to Antibiotics Using Infrared Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13426-13433. [PMID: 34585907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is one of the most aggressive multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with human infections, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. We obtained 1190 K. pneumoniae isolates from different patients with urinary tract infections. The isolates were measured to determine their susceptibility regarding nine specific antibiotics. This study's primary goal is to evaluate the potential of infrared spectroscopy in tandem with machine learning to assess the susceptibility of K. pneumoniae within approximately 20 min following the first culture. Our results confirm that it was possible to classify the isolates into sensitive and resistant with a success rate higher than 80% for the tested antibiotics. These results prove the promising potential of infrared spectroscopy as a powerful method for a K. pneumoniae susceptibility test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uraib Sharaha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Manal Suleiman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - George Abu-Aqil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Itshak Lapidot
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ACLP-Afeka Center for Language Processing, Afeka Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Tel-Aviv 69107, Israel
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE-Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Rolbiecki D, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E, Buta M, Hubeny J, Zieliński W. Detection of carbapenemase-producing, hypervirulent Klebsiella spp. in wastewater and their potential transmission to river water and WWTP employees. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 237:113831. [PMID: 34455199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) release drug-resistant microorganisms to water bodies (with effluents), and WWTP employees are exposed to bioaerosol emissions from the processed wastewater. Bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, in particular carbapenemase-producing (CP), hyper-virulent (Hvr) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, play a special role in this process. Klebsiella spp. strains isolated from wastewater, river water and the upper respiratory tract of WWTP employees were analyzed in this study. The isolated strains were identified as K. pneumoniae (K. pn) or K. non-pneumoniae (K. npn). The prevalence of nine types of genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, nine genes encoding virulence factors and K1/K2 capsular serotypes, three genes encoding multi drug effluent pump systems, and the class 1 integron-integrase gene was determined by PCR. A total of 284 Klebsiella spp. isolates were obtained in the study: 270 environmental strains and 14 strains from the upper respiratory tract. Among environmental isolates 90.7% (245/270) harbored beta-lactam resistance genes, 17.4% (47/270) were classified as CP strains, 11.1% (30/270) were classified as Hvr strains, and 1.9% (5/270) were classified as CP-Hvr strains. CP-Hvr strains were also isolated from WWTP employees. Genes encoding β-lactamases (including carbapenemases), complete efflux pump systems and the K1 serotype were identified more frequently in K. pn strains. In turn, K. npn strains were characterized by a higher prevalence of blaSHV and intI1 genes and K2 serotype gene. The strains isolated from wastewater and river water also differed in the abundance of drug resistance and virulence genes. The results of the study indicate that CP-Hvr K. pn strains are possibly transmitted from wastewater via bioareosol to the upper respiratory tract of WWTP employees. blaGES-type carbapenemases significantly contributed to the spread of drug resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Rolbiecki
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Martyna Buta
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jakub Hubeny
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiktor Zieliński
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego St. 1, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Abstract
Gram-negative bacteremia is a devastating public health threat, with high mortality in vulnerable populations and significant costs to the global economy. Concerningly, rates of both Gram-negative bacteremia and antimicrobial resistance in the causative species are increasing. Gram-negative bacteremia develops in three phases. First, bacteria invade or colonize initial sites of infection. Second, bacteria overcome host barriers, such as immune responses, and disseminate from initial body sites to the bloodstream. Third, bacteria adapt to survive in the blood and blood-filtering organs. To develop new therapies, it is critical to define species-specific and multispecies fitness factors required for bacteremia in model systems that are relevant to human infection. A small subset of species is responsible for the majority of Gram-negative bacteremia cases, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii The few bacteremia fitness factors identified in these prominent Gram-negative species demonstrate shared and unique pathogenic mechanisms at each phase of bacteremia progression. Capsule production, adhesins, and metabolic flexibility are common mediators, whereas only some species utilize toxins. This review provides an overview of Gram-negative bacteremia, compares animal models for bacteremia, and discusses prevalent Gram-negative bacteremia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn L Holmes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark T Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Harry L T Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael A Bachman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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From Klebsiella pneumoniae Colonization to Dissemination: An Overview of Studies Implementing Murine Models. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061282. [PMID: 34204632 PMCID: PMC8231111 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The strains of this species belong to the opportunistic group, which is comprised of the multidrug-resistant strains, or the hypervirulent group, depending on their accessory genome, which determines bacterial pathogenicity and the host immune response. The aim of this survey is to present an overview of the murine models mimicking K. pneumoniae infectious processes (i.e., gastrointestinal colonization, urinary, pulmonary, and systemic infections), and the bacterial functions deployed to colonize and disseminate into the host. These in vivo approaches are pivotal to develop new therapeutics to limit K. pneumoniae infections via a modulation of the immune responses and/or microbiota.
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Zhu J, Wang T, Chen L, Du H. Virulence Factors in Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:642484. [PMID: 33897652 PMCID: PMC8060575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.642484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) has spread globally since first described in the Asian Pacific Rim. It is an invasive variant that differs from the classical K. pneumoniae (cKP), with hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence, causing community-acquired infections, including pyogenic liver abscess, pneumonia, meningitis, and endophthalmitis. It utilizes a battery of virulence factors for survival and pathogenesis, such as capsule, siderophores, lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, outer membrane proteins, and type 6 secretion system, of which the former two are dominant. This review summarizes these hvKP-associated virulence factors in order to understand its molecular pathogenesis and shed light on new strategies to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hvKP-causing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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The PTS Components in Klebsiella pneumoniae Affect Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharide Production and Macrophage Phagocytosis Resistance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020335. [PMID: 33567595 PMCID: PMC7914778 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a crucial virulence factor for Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. We demonstrated an association of CPS production with two phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems (PTSs). Deficiency of crr, encoding enzyme IIA of PTS, in K. pneumoniae enhanced the transcriptional activities of galF, wzi and gnd, which are in the cps gene cluster, leading to high CPS production. A crr mutant exhibited a higher survival rate in 1% hydrogen peroxide than the wild-type. The crr mutant showed less sensitivity to engulfment by macrophage (RAW 264.7) than the wild-type by observing the intracellular bacteria using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and by calculating the colony-forming units (CFU) of intracellular bacteria. After long-term incubation, the survival rate of the intracellular crr mutant was higher than that of the wild-type. Deficiency of crr enhanced the transcriptional activities of etcABC which encodes another putative enzyme II complex of a PTS. Deletion of etcABC in the crr mutant reduced CPS production and the transcriptional activities of galF compared to those of the crr mutant. These results indicated that one PTS component, Crr, represses CPS production by repressing another PTS component, EtcABC, in K. pneumoniae. In addition, PTS plays a role in bacterial resistance to macrophage phagocytosis.
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Wareth G, Neubauer H. The Animal-foods-environment interface of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Germany: an observational study on pathogenicity, resistance development and the current situation. Vet Res 2021; 52:16. [PMID: 33557913 PMCID: PMC7871605 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae as a multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen is an emerging challenge for clinicians worldwide. Virulence factors are capsular antigens, adherence factors, the O-lipopolysaccharide, and siderophores promoting infectivity. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are inactivation of compounds via enzymes, change of membrane permeability, and alteration of the target site of the antimicrobial compound. In addition to environmental resistance, K. pneumoniae can survive increasing concentrations of disinfectants, if exposed. This review describes the temporal and spatial distribution of K. pneumoniae in the past decades in Germany, with emphases on the development of resistance in the non-human columns of the One-Health concept. In general, K. pneumoniae is a neglected pathogen in veterinary and environmental health, and the risk of human infection concerning animal contact and food consumption is barely investigated. Few reports exist (n = 26) on antibiotic resistance of isolates from non-human origin. Multi-drug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (MDR-ESBL) strains also resistant to carbapenems and antibiotics of the ß-lactam group harbor blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCMY, and PMQR have been found in animals, foods, and the environment. Colistin resistant strains carrying the mcr-1 gene were detected in wastewater. The blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-48 genes are the most frequently identified AMR genes in isolates of humans and were also the most predominant ESBL-genes in samples collected from animal hosts. Several aspects of the molecular epidemiology and resistance development of K. pneumoniae in farm animal populations, wildlife, and foods need intensive research. Environmental health has to be integrated into national research plans, as a lack of data is apparent. Increasing awareness of the fact that non-human sources can act as a reservoir for this pathogen has to be raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Street 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Street 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Silva UC, Cuadros-Orellana S, Silva DRC, Freitas-Júnior LF, Fernandes AC, Leite LR, Oliveira CA, Dos Santos VL. Genomic and Phenotypic Insights Into the Potential of Rock Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria to Promote Millet Growth in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:574550. [PMID: 33488531 PMCID: PMC7817697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rock phosphate (RP) is a natural source of phosphorus for agriculture, with the advantage of lower cost and less impact on the environment when compared to synthetic fertilizers. However, the release of phosphorus (P) from RP occurs slowly, which may limit its short-term availability to crops. Hence, the use of P-solubilizing microorganisms to improve the availability of P from this P source is an interesting approach, as microorganisms often perform other functions that assist plant growth, besides solubilizing P. Here, we describe the characterization of 101 bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere and endosphere of maize plants for their P solubilizing activity in vitro, their growth-promoting activity on millet plants cultivated in soil amended with RP, and their gene content especially associated with phosphate solubilization. For the in vitro solubilization assays, two mineral P sources were used: rock phosphate from Araxá (Brazil) mine (AP) and iron phosphate (Fe-P). The amounts of P released from Fe-P in the solubilization assays were lower than those released from AP, and the endophytic bacteria outperformed the rhizospheric ones in the solubilization of both P sources. Six selected strains were evaluated for their ability to promote the growth of millet in soil fertilized with a commercial rock phosphate (cRP). Two of them, namely Bacillus megaterium UFMG50 and Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense CNPMS2088, performed better than the others in the cRP assays, improving at least six physiological traits of millet or P content in the soil. Genomic analysis of these bacteria revealed the presence of genes related to P uptake and metabolism, and to organic acid synthesis. Using this approach, we identified six potential candidates as bioinoculants, which are promising for use under field conditions, as they have both the genetic potential and the experimentally demonstrated in vivo ability to improve rock phosphate solubilization and promote plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubiana C Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara Cuadros-Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Daliane R C Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Freitas-Júnior
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana C Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laura R Leite
- Grupo de Genômica e Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Vera L Dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Comparative genomics with a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate reveals the panorama of unexplored diversity in Northeast Brazil. Gene 2020; 772:145386. [PMID: 33373662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of community acquired infections increases the public health concern on K. pneumoniae and closely related bacteria among which antimicrobial resistance spreads. We report a multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolate, B31, of a patient infected in the community and admitted to an intensive care unit in Northeast Brazil. Antimicrobial susceptibility and genome information were thoroughly investigated to characterize B31 in front of 172 sequenced strains of different countries. Assigned to the Sequence Type 15, which is globally spread, B31 presented extended spectrum beta-lactamase, tigecycline and ciprofloxacin resistance. Genome sequencing revealed most resistance genes being carried by plasmids with high dissemination potential. The absence of main virulence factors, like yersiniabactin and colibactin, apparently suggests a mild pathogenic strain which, on the contrary, persisted and caused severe infection in a previously healthy patient. The present study contributes to unveil the unclear genomic scenario of virulent and multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in Brazil.
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Narimisa N, Amraei F, Kalani BS, Azarnezhad A, Jazi FM. Biofilm establishment, biofilm persister cell formation, and relative gene expression analysis of type II toxin-antitoxin system in Klebsiella pneumoniae. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Antibiotic Sensitivity Screening of Klebsiella spp. and Raoultella spp. Isolated from Marine Bivalve Molluscs Reveal Presence of CTX-M-Producing K. pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121909. [PMID: 33266320 PMCID: PMC7761178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. are a major cause of both nosocomial and community acquired infections, with K. pneumoniae being responsible for most human infections. Although Klebsiella spp. are present in a variety of environments, their distribution in the sea and the associated antibiotic resistance is largely unknown. In order to examine prevalence of K. pneumoniae and related species in the marine environment, we sampled 476 batches of marine bivalve molluscs collected along the Norwegian coast. From these samples, K. pneumoniae (n = 78), K. oxytoca (n = 41), K. variicola (n = 33), K. aerogenes (n = 1), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 38) and R. planticola (n = 13) were isolated. The number of positive samples increased with higher levels of faecal contamination. We found low prevalence of acquired resistance in all isolates, with seven K. pneumoniae isolates showing resistance to more than one antibiotic class. The complete genome sequence of cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae sensu stricto isolate 2016-1400 was obtained using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina MiSeq based sequencing. The 2016-1400 genome had two contigs, one chromosome of 5,088,943 bp and one plasmid of 191,744 bp and belonged to ST1035. The β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-1, as well as the heavy metal resistance genes pco, ars and sil were carried on a plasmid highly similar to one found in K. pneumoniae strain C17KP0055 from South-Korea recovered from a blood stream infection. The present study demonstrates that K. pneumoniae are prevalent in the coastal marine environment and that bivalve molluscs may act as a potential reservoir of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae that may be transmitted through the food chain.
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Hu Y, Anes J, Devineau S, Fanning S. Klebsiella pneumoniae: Prevalence, Reservoirs, Antimicrobial Resistance, Pathogenicity, and Infection: A Hitherto Unrecognized Zoonotic Bacterium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:63-84. [PMID: 33124929 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered an opportunistic pathogen, constituting an ongoing health concern for immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and neonates. Reports on the isolation of K. pneumoniae from other sources are increasing, many of which express multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Three phylogroups were identified based on nucleotide differences. Niche environments, including plants, animals, and humans appear to be colonized by different phylogroups, among which KpI (K. pneumoniae) is commonly associated with human infection. Infections with K. pneumoniae can be transmitted through contaminated food or water and can be associated with community-acquired infections or between persons and animals involved in hospital-acquired infections. Increasing reports are describing detections along the food chain, suggesting the possibility exists that this could be a hitherto unexplored reservoir for this opportunistic bacterial pathogen. Expression of MDR phenotypes elaborated by these bacteria is due to the nature of various plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-encoding genes, and is a challenge to animal, environmental, and human health alike. Raman spectroscopy has the potential to provide for the rapid identification and screening of antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella isolates. Moreover, hypervirulent isolates linked with extraintestinal infections express phenotypes that may support their niche adaptation. In this review, the prevalence, reservoirs, AMR, Raman spectroscopy detection, and pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae are summarized and various extraintestinal infection pathways are further narrated to extend our understanding of its adaptation and survival ability in reservoirs, and associated disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - João Anes
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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El-Domany RA, Awadalla OA, Shabana SA, El-Dardir MA, Emara M. Analysis of the Correlation Between Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Virulence Determinants in Pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Egypt. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:727-739. [PMID: 33103956 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is responsible for a plethora of infections involving multiple body systems. This study investigated K. pneumoniae clinical isolates for virulence-associated characters and antibiotic resistance. First, antibiotic sensitivity was determined for 40 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Some virulence and resistance-associated factors were studied phenotypically and genotypically. Multiple resistance profiles were observed (multidrug resistant [MDR; 42.5%], extensive drug resistant [XDR; 35%], and pandrug resistant [PDR; 5%]). Moreover, CTX-M-1, TEM, qnrS, and qnrA genes were detected in 70%, 30%, 60%, and 30% of selected isolates, respectively, and 40% of tested isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producers. Interestingly, all ESBLs producers harbored class 1 integrase gene (IntI1), while 60% of ESBLs producers harbored both CTX-M-1 and TEM. All tested isolates were capsulated while 87.5% were biofilm producers. Fimbriae were detected in 90% of tested isolates (all were biofilm producers and type 3 fimbriae adhesion gene [mrkD] positive). Sequence analysis of OXA-48, qnrS, and IntI1 revealed 100% identity with published sequences, while sequencing of qnrA, OmpK-35, and iron regulatory protein gene (irp2) showed minor variations in the form of one or few single-nucleotide polymorphism. Altogether, the current study revealed that all MDR, XDR, and PDR K. pneumoniae isolates were multivirulent and all harbored 3-5 virulence genes and 2-9 antimicrobial resistance genes and exhibited 8 and 10 different virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles, respectively. In this study, we also report a positive correlation between some virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes among K. pneumoniae tested isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr El sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Awadalla
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samya A Shabana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Dardir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Emara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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