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Guido A, Calcagnile M, Talà A, Tredici SM, Belmonte G, Alifano P. Microbial consortium involved in ferromanganese and francolite biomineralization in an anchialine environment (Zinzulùsa Cave, Castro, Italy). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 936:173423. [PMID: 38797412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tidally-influenced subterranean settings represent natural geomicrobiological laboratories, relatively unexplored, that facilitate the investigation of new biomineralization processes. The unusual water chemistry of Zinzulùsa Cave and its oligotrophic and aphotic conditions have allowed the development of a unique ecosystem in which complex bacterial activities induce rare biomineralization processes. A diversified microbial community develops on centimeter-thick crusts that form in the submerged part of the cave. The crusts are formed of Ca-phosphate minerals, mostly carbonate-fluoroapatite (francolite), covered by a black crust, few microns in thickness, composed of ferromanganiferous oxides (hematite and vernadite). Diffuse coccoidal and filamentous bacteria and amorphous organic matter are mixed with the minerals. The micromorphologies and comparative 16S rRNA gene-based metabarcoding analyses identify a "core microbiota" also common to other natural environments characterized by FeMn and Ca-phosphate mineralization. The microbiota is characterized by nitrifying, sulfide/sulfur/thiosulfate-oxidizing and sulfate/thiosulfate/sulfur-reducing bacteria. In addition, manganese-oxidizing bacteria include the recently described "Ca. Manganitrophus noduliformans" and an abundance of bacteria belonging to the Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia-Chlamydiae (PVC) superphylum, as well as Haliangiales (fruiting body-forming bacteria) and Hyphomicrobiales (stalked and budding bacteria) that are known to produce extracellular polymers that trap iron and manganese oxides. 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding analysis showed the presence of bacteria able to utilize many organic P substrates, including Ramlibacter, and SEM images revealed traces of fossilized microorganisms resembling "cable bacteria", which may play a role in Ca-phosphate biomineralization. Overall, the data indicate biomineralization processes induced by microbial metabolic activities for both ferromanganiferous oxide and francolite components of these crusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Guido
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Adelfia Talà
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | | | - Genuario Belmonte
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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2
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Alvares JJ, Gaonkar SK, Naik CC, Asogekar P, Furtado IJ. Characterization of Mn 3 O 4 -MnO 2 nanocomposites biosynthesized by cell lysate of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:996-1006. [PMID: 37160695 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxide nanocomposites attract huge attention in various biotechnological fields due to their extensive catalytic properties. This study reports an easy, rapid, and cost-effective method of using the cell lysate of haloarchaeon, Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 for the synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles. The reaction between the cell lysate and manganese sulfate resulted in the formation of a dark brown precipitate within 48 h at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the existence of Mn3 O4 and MnO2 phases consistent with the JCPDS card no. (01-075-1560 and 00-050-0866). The dark brown colloidal suspension of MnO3 -MnO2 in methanol showed maximum absorption between 220 and 260 nm. The EDX spectrum confirmed the presence of manganese and oxygen. The Transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical morphology with an average particle size between 30 and 60 nm. The magnetic moment versus magnetic field (MH) curve, at room temperature (300 K) did not saturate even at a high magnetic field (±3T) indicating the paramagnetic nature of the prepared nanocomposite. The Atomic Emission Spectroscopic analysis showed a negligible amount of soluble manganese (0.03 ppm in 50 ppm) in the Mn3 O4 -MnO2 suspension suggesting the maximum stability of the material in the solvent over time. Interstingly, Mn3 O4 -MnO2 nanocomposites evidenced antimicrobial activity in the order of Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Salmonella typhi > Escherichia coli > Proteus vulgaris > Candida albicans > Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusively, this is the first report on the formation of Mn3 O4 -MnO2 nanocomposites using cell lysate of salt pan haloarcheon Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 with antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi J Alvares
- Microbiology Programme, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India
| | - Sanket K Gaonkar
- Microbiology Programme, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India
- Department of Microbiology, P.E.S's R.S.N College of Arts and Science, Farmagudi, Ponda-Goa, India
| | - Chandan C Naik
- Department of Chemistry, Dhempe College of Arts & Science, Panaji, Goa, India
| | - Pratik Asogekar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India
- Department of Chemistry, P.E.S's R.S.N College of Arts and Science, Farmagudi, Ponda-Goa, India
| | - Irene J Furtado
- Microbiology Programme, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, India
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Chen Q, Li G, Lu Z, Su Y, Wu B, Shi B. Efficient Mn(II) removal by biological granular activated carbon filtration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023:131877. [PMID: 37344241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient and sustainable manganese(II) removal is a challenging task to prevent Mn-related drinking water discoloration problems. This study investigated Mn(II) removal by granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration under various conditions. The results showed that biological GAC filter columns could reduce Mn(II) from 400 μg/L to 10 μg/L after a short ripening period, while sand filter columns did not show evident Mn(II) removal function. Water quality changes, pretreatment with NaClO and chemogenic MnOx coating on GAC media surface did not influence the Mn(II) removal capacity of GAC filter columns. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the abundance of potential Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria in the GAC media was similar to that in the sand media. However, qPCR results indicated that GAC media colonized dramatically more biomass than sand media, resulting in highly effective Mn(II) removal by GAC filter columns. Under chlorinated conditions, GAC filtration underperformed sand filtration in Mn(II) removal, although activated carbon has been reported to be capable of catalyzing Mn(II) oxidation by chlorine. Fast chlorine decay in GAC filter columns made it hard to sustain chemical Mn(II) oxidation and thus led to less Mn(II) removal. This study highlighted the advantage of biological GAC filtration over sand filtration in Mn(II) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhili Lu
- Institute of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Yuliang Su
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Yu J, Jin B, Ji Q, Wang H. Detoxification and metabolism of glyphosate by a Pseudomonas sp. via biogenic manganese oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130902. [PMID: 36731313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic manganese oxides (BMO) are widely distributed in groundwater and provides promise for adsorbing and oxidizing a wide range of micropollutants, however, the continuous biodegradation and bioavailability of micropollutants via cycle biogenic Mn(II) oxidation remains to be elucidated. In this study, glyphosate was degraded and to serve as the nutrient source by a Pseudomonas sp. QJX-1. The addition of glyphosate will not affect the Mn(II) oxidation function of the strain but will affect its Mn(II) oxidation process and effect. The glyphosate degradation products could further be used as the C, N and P sources for bacterium growth. Analysis of the RNA-seq data suggested that Mn(II) oxidation driven by oxidoreductases for glyphosate degradation. The long-term column experiments using biological Mn(II) cycling to realize continuous detoxification and metabolism of glyphosate, and thus revealed the synergism effects of biological and chemical conversion on toxic micropollutants and continuous metabolism in an aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Boxuan Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qinghua Ji
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Close-to-Nature Restoration Technology of Wetlands, School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Xiong'an New Area, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Pereira F, Kerkar S, Dias DS, Gobre VV. A halophilic Chromohalobacter species from estuarine coastal waters as a detoxifier of manganese, as well as a novel bio-catalyst for synthesis of n-butyl acetate. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1159018. [PMID: 37125204 PMCID: PMC10130588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution due to ferro-manganese ore transport by barges through the Mandovi estuary in Goa, India is a major environmental concern. In this study a manganese (Mn) tolerant, moderately halophilic Chromohalobacter sp. belonging to the family Halomonadaceae was isolated from the sediments of a solar saltern adjacent to this Mandovi estuary. Using techniques of Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, the Chromohalobacter sp. was explored for its ability to tolerate and immobilize Mn in amended and unamended media with 20% natural salt concentration (w/v). In aqueous media supplemented with 0.1 mM Mn, the Chromohalobacter sp. was capable of sequestering up to 76% Mn with an average immobilization rate of 8 mg Mn /g /day. Growth rate kinetic analysis using Gompertz mathematical functions was found to model the experimental data well. The model inferred that the maximum growth rate of Chromohalobacter sp. was at 10% natural salt concentration (w/v). The Chromohalobacter sp. was further found to be multimetal tolerant showing high tolerance to Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co), (each at 4 mM), and tolerated Manganese (Mn) up to 6 mM. Morphologically, the Chromohalobacter sp. was a non-spore forming, Gram negative motile rod (0.726 μ× 1.33 μ). The adaptative mechanism of Chromohalobacter sp. to elevated Mn concentrations (1 mM) resulted in the reduction of its cell size to 0.339 μ× 0.997 μ and the synthesis of an extracellular slime, immobilizing Mn from the liquid phase forming Manganese oxide, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The expression of Mnx genes for manganese oxidation further substantiated the finding. This bacterial synthesized manganese oxide also displayed catalytic activity (∼50% conversion) for the esterification of butan-1-ol with CH3COOH to yield n-butyl acetate. This Chromohalobacter sp. being indigenous to marine salterns, has adapted to high concentrations of heavy metals and high salinities and can withstand this extremely stressed environment, and thus holds a tremendous potential as an environmentally friendly "green bioremediator" of Mn from euryhaline environments. The study also adds to the limited knowledge about metal-microbe interactions in extreme environments. Further, since Chromohalobacter sp. exhibits commendable catalytic activity for the synthesis of n-butyl acetate, it would have several potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flory Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, P. E. S’s R. S. N. College of Arts and Science, Ponda, India
- *Correspondence: Flory Pereira,
| | - Savita Kerkar
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigão, India
| | - Dominic Savio Dias
- Department of Chemistry, P. E. S’s R. S. N. College of Arts and Science, Ponda, India
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Wu R, Yao F, Li X, Shi C, Zang X, Shu X, Liu H, Zhang W. Manganese Pollution and Its Remediation: A Review of Biological Removal and Promising Combination Strategies. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2411. [PMID: 36557664 PMCID: PMC9781601 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), as a cofactor of multiple enzymes, exhibits great significance to the human body, plants and animals. It is also a critical raw material and alloying element. However, extensive employment for industrial purposes leads to its excessive emission into the environment and turns into a significant threat to the ecosystem and public health. This review firstly introduces the essentiality, toxicity and regulation of Mn. Several traditional physicochemical methods and their problems are briefly discussed as well. Biological remediation, especially microorganism-mediated strategies, is a potential alternative for remediating Mn-polluted environments in a cost-efficient and eco-friendly manner. Among them, microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), biosorption, bioaccumulation, bio-oxidation are discussed in detail, including their mechanisms, pivotal influencing factors along with strengths and limitations. In order to promote bioremediation efficiency, the combination of different techniques is preferable, and their research progress is also summarized. Finally, we propose the future directions of Mn bioremediation by microbes. Conclusively, this review provides a scientific basis for the microbial remediation performance for Mn pollution and guides the development of a comprehensive competent strategy towards practical Mn remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hengwei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Manganese removal and product characteristics of a marine manganese-oxidizing bacterium Bacillus sp. FF-1. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:701-708. [PMID: 35687202 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx) have been found all over the world, and most of them were formed by Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB). In this study, a MnOB designated as FF-1 was isolated from marine surface sediments in the Bohai Sea, China. This strain was identified as Bacillus sp. and can tolerate more than 5% salinity. It can grow in the presence of 0-7 mM Mn(II) and pH range from 5.0 to 7.0. When the initial Mn(II) was 5 mM, the percentage of Mn(II) oxidation reached the highest value of 16% after 10 days of incubation. The initial pH (5.0 to 7.0) affected the percentage of Mn(II) oxidation, but the ability of the strain FF-1 to self-regulate pH resulted in the final pH being almost 7.6. The removal of Mn(II) by the strain FF-1 involves extracellular and intracellular adsorption as well as Mn(II) oxidation. Intracellular Mn adsorption contributed a small part to the total Mn removal, and extracellular adsorption was dominant in the initial stage of Mn removal. The solid products after Mn removal were a mixture of MnOx and MnCO3. The layered MnOx formed in the extracellular space could be easily collected and used for adsorption and oxidation of pollutants.
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8
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Mineralogical and Genomic Constraints on the Origin of Microbial Mn Oxide Formation in Complexed Microbial Community at the Terrestrial Hot Spring. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060816. [PMID: 35743847 PMCID: PMC9224936 DOI: 10.3390/life12060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) oxides are widespread on the surface environments of the modern Earth. The role of microbial activities in the formation of Mn oxides has been discussed for several decades. However, the mechanisms of microbial Mn oxidation, and its role in complex microbial communities in natural environments, remain uncertain. Here, we report the geochemical, mineralogical, and metagenomic evidence for biogenic Mn oxides, found in Japanese hot spring sinters. The low crystallinity of Mn oxides, and their spatial associations with organic matter, support the biogenic origin of Mn oxides. Specific multicopper oxidases (MCOs), which are considered Mn-oxidizing enzymes, were identified using metagenomic analyses. Nanoscale nuggets of copper sulfides were, also, discovered in the organic matter in Mn-rich sinters. A part of these copper sulfides most likely represents traces of MCOs, and this is the first report of traces of Mn-oxidizing enzyme in geological samples. Metagenomic analyses, surprisingly, indicated a close association of Mn oxides, not only in aerobic but also in anaerobic microbial communities. These new findings offer the unique and unified positions of Mn oxides, with roles that have not been ignored, to sustain anaerobic microbial communities in hot spring environments.
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Gu T, Tong Z, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Hwang TS, Li L. Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115951. [PMID: 35682628 PMCID: PMC9180420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenghu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tzann-Shun Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-S.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (T.-S.H.); (L.L.)
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Guo XF, Liu ZY, Ren HT, Yu SY, Han X. Photocatalytic oxidation of Mn(II) on the surface of Bi 2.15WO 6via the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) pathway. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11527-11535. [PMID: 35506371 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic oxidation of Mn(II) in aqueous environments is an important process for the cycling of many elements. However, the mechanism involved in photocatalytic oxidation of Mn(II) has not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, the photocatalytic oxidation of Mn(II) on the surface of self-doped Bi2+xWO6 (Bi2.15WO6) under visible light was conducted. Kinetics results show that visible light apparently accelerates the oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III, IV) oxides on Bi2.15WO6. The average oxidation states (AOS) of manganese reach 2.18 after 80 min of reaction under visible light at pH 8.50. Characterizations indicate the formation of Bi(III)-O-Mn(II) surface complexes between Mn(II) and surface Bi(III) on Bi2.15WO6, which then decreases the bandgap of [Bi2.15WO6 + Mn(II)]light (2.53 eV) compared with those of [Bi2.15WO6 + Mn(II)]dark (2.72 eV) and pure Bi2.15WO6 (2.86 eV), suggesting the contribution of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) pathway to the photocatalytic oxidation of Mn(II). Moreover, the addition of inorganic oxidants with strong oxidizing capacities (such as Cr2O72-, NO3- or NO2-) significantly increases the oxidation rate of Mn(II), further verifying the contribution of the LMCT pathway to Mn(II) oxidation. We therefore suggest that the LMCT pathway is one of the important oxidation routes for Mn(II) oxidation on Bi2.15WO6 under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Ren
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China.
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Li G, Su Y, Wu B, Han G, Yu J, Yang M, Shi B. Initial Formation and Accumulation of Manganese Deposits in Drinking Water Pipes: Investigating the Role of Microbial-Mediated Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5497-5507. [PMID: 35420026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial Mn(II) oxidation occurs in areas with insufficient disinfectants in drinking water distribution systems. However, the overall processes of microbial-mediated Mn deposit formation are unclear. This research investigated the initial Mn(II) oxidation, deposit accumulation, and biofilm development in pipe loops fed with nondisinfected finished water for 300 days. The results show that it took 20 days for microbial Mn(II) oxidation and deposition to be initiated visibly in new pipes continuously receiving 100 μg/L Mn(II). Once started, the deposit accumulation accelerated. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model could simulate the disappearance of Mn(II) in well-mixed pipe loop water. The observed rate constant reached 2.81 h-1 [corresponding to a Mn(II) half-life of 0.25 h] after 136 days of operation. Without oxygen, Mn(II) in the water also decreased rapidly to 1.0 μg/L through adsorption to deposits, indicating that after the initial microbial formation of MnOx, subsequent MnOx accumulation was attributable to a combination of microbial and physicochemical processes. Compared to the no-Mn condition, Mn(II) input resulted in 1 order of magnitude increase in biofilm formation. This study sheds light on the increasingly rapid processes of Mn accumulation on the inner surfaces of water pipes resulting from the biological activity of Mn(II)-oxidizing biofilms and the build-up of MnOx with strong adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuliang Su
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Guohang Han
- Zhuhai Water Environment Holdings Group Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jeyaraj A, Subramanian S. Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of biogenic manganese oxide (BioMnOx) by bacterial isolates from mangrove soils with sorbents property towards different toxic metals. Biometals 2022; 35:429-449. [PMID: 35357611 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Manganese oxidizing bacteria, Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus subtilis were isolated from mangrove soils and optimized for the removal of Mn(II) with simultaneous production of biogenic manganese oxide (BioMnOx). The removal rate of Mn(II) was 90% in 48 h for B. mycoides and 72 h for B. subtilis under the optimized conditions at pH 7, temperature 37 °C, 120 rpm, with 1% inoculum containing 10 mM MnCl2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the synthesized biogenic manganese oxide. BioMnOx by Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus subtilis were identified as Bixbyite (Mn2O3) and Hausmannite (Mn3O4), respectively, with nano-sized monocrystalline nature. BioMnOx of Bacillus subtilis strain was more efficient in the removal of metals Zn and Co than BioMnOx of Bacillus mycoides except for mercury. The removal property of synthesized BioMnOx could be applied to treat multi-metal containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Jeyaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Soldatova AV, Fu W, Romano CA, Tao L, Casey WH, Britt RD, Tebo BM, Spiro TG. Metallo-inhibition of Mnx, a bacterial manganese multicopper oxidase complex. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111547. [PMID: 34403930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The manganese oxidase complex, Mnx, from Bacillus sp. PL-12 contains a multicopper oxidase (MCO) and oxidizes dissolved Mn(II) to form insoluble manganese oxide (MnO2) mineral. Previous kinetic and spectroscopic analyses have shown that the enzyme's mechanism proceeds through an activation step that facilitates formation of a series of binuclear Mn complexes in the oxidation states II, III, and IV on the path to MnO2 formation. We now demonstrate that the enzyme is inhibited by first-row transition metals in the order of the Irving-Williams series. Zn(II) strongly (Ki ~ 1.5 μM) inhibits both activation and turnover steps, as well as the rate of Mn(II) binding. The combined Zn(II) and Mn(II) concentration dependence establishes that the inhibition is non-competitive. This result is supported by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which reveals unaltered Mnx-bound Mn(II) EPR signals, both mono- and binuclear, in the presence of Zn(II). We infer that inhibitory metals bind at a site separate from the substrate sites and block the conformation change required to activate the enzyme, a case of allosteric inhibition. The likely biological role of this inhibitory site is discussed in the context of Bacillus spore physiology. While Cu(II) inhibits Mnx strongly, in accord with the Irving-Williams series, it increases Mnx activation at low concentrations, suggesting that weakly bound Cu, in addition to the four canonical MCO-Cu, may support enzyme activity, perhaps as an electron transfer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Soldatova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christine A Romano
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - William H Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States; Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bradley M Tebo
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G Spiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
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14
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Martínez-Ruiz EB, Cooper M, Barrero-Canosa J, Haryono MAS, Bessarab I, Williams RBH, Szewzyk U. Genome analysis of Pseudomonas sp. OF001 and Rubrivivax sp. A210 suggests multicopper oxidases catalyze manganese oxidation required for cylindrospermopsin transformation. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:464. [PMID: 34157973 PMCID: PMC8218464 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cylindrospermopsin is a highly persistent cyanobacterial secondary metabolite toxic to humans and other living organisms. Strain OF001 and A210 are manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) able to transform cylindrospermopsin during the oxidation of Mn2+. So far, the enzymes involved in manganese oxidation in strain OF001 and A210 are unknown. Therefore, we analyze the genomes of two cylindrospermopsin-transforming MOB, Pseudomonas sp. OF001 and Rubrivivax sp. A210, to identify enzymes that could catalyze the oxidation of Mn2+. We also investigated specific metabolic features related to pollutant degradation and explored the metabolic potential of these two MOB with respect to the role they may play in biotechnological applications and/or in the environment. RESULTS Strain OF001 encodes two multicopper oxidases and one haem peroxidase potentially involved in Mn2+ oxidation, with a high similarity to manganese-oxidizing enzymes described for Pseudomonas putida GB-1 (80, 83 and 42% respectively). Strain A210 encodes one multicopper oxidase potentially involved in Mn2+ oxidation, with a high similarity (59%) to the manganese-oxidizing multicopper oxidase in Leptothrix discophora SS-1. Strain OF001 and A210 have genes that might confer them the ability to remove aromatic compounds via the catechol meta- and ortho-cleavage pathway, respectively. Based on the genomic content, both strains may grow over a wide range of O2 concentrations, including microaerophilic conditions, fix nitrogen, and reduce nitrate and sulfate in an assimilatory fashion. Moreover, the strain A210 encodes genes which may convey the ability to reduce nitrate in a dissimilatory manner, and fix carbon via the Calvin cycle. Both MOB encode CRISPR-Cas systems, several predicted genomic islands, and phage proteins, which likely contribute to their genome plasticity. CONCLUSIONS The genomes of Pseudomonas sp. OF001 and Rubrivivax sp. A210 encode sequences with high similarity to already described MCOs which may catalyze manganese oxidation required for cylindrospermopsin transformation. Furthermore, the analysis of the general metabolism of two MOB strains may contribute to a better understanding of the niches of cylindrospermopsin-removing MOB in natural habitats and their implementation in biotechnological applications to treat water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Berenice Martínez-Ruiz
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Myriel Cooper
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jimena Barrero-Canosa
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mindia A S Haryono
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Irina Bessarab
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Ulrich Szewzyk
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Li K, Xu A, Wu D, Zhao S, Meng T, Zhang Y. Degradation of ofloxacin by a manganese-oxidizing bacterium Pseudomonas sp. F2 and its biogenic manganese oxides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 328:124826. [PMID: 33631461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics like ofloxacin (OFL) have been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Recently manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) have attracted research efforts on the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants with the aid of their biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx). Herein, the degradation of OFL with a strain of MOB (Pseudomonas sp. F2) was investigated for the first time. It was found that the bacteria can degrade up to 100% of 5 μg/L OFL. BioMnOx and Mn(III) intermediates significantly contributed to the degradation. Moreover, the degradation was clearly declined when the microbial activity was inactivated by heat or ethanol, indicating the importance of bioactivity. Possible transformation products of OFL were identified by HPLC-MS and the degradation pathway was proposed. In addition, the toxicity of OFL was reduced by 66% after the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Anlin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Donghong Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Siyan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Tong Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
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16
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Yang F, Zheng Y, Tian X, Liu Y, Li J, Shao Z, Zhao F. Redox cycling of manganese by Bacillus horikoshii biET1 via oxygen switch. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Yoshimura Y, Tani S, Fujiwara M, Nakamura M, Sumitani JI, Kawaguchi T. Biogenic manganese oxides combined with 1-hydroxybenzotriazol and an Mn(II)-oxidizing enzyme from Pleosporales sp. Mn1 oxidize 3,4-dimethoxytoluene to yield 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:475-482. [PMID: 33495046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using soil samples, we screened for microbes that produce biogenic manganese oxides (BMOs) and isolated Mn(II)-oxidizing fungus, namely Pleosporales sp. Mn1 (Mn1). We purified the Mn(II)-oxidizing enzyme from intracellular extracts of Mn1. The enzyme oxidized Mn(II) most effectively at pH 7.0 and 45 °C. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme possessed homology with multicopper oxidases in fungi. The properties of the enzyme and the effects of the pH and inhibitors on the Mn(II)-oxidization activity suggested that the enzyme is a member of the multicopper oxidase family. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the BMOs produced by Mn1 showed a strong correlation with that of a typical poorly crystalized vernadite (δ-MnO2). Since BMOs are some of the most reactive materials in the environment, we investigated a potential new application of BMOs as oxidation catalysts. We confirmed that BMOs oxidized aromatic methyl groups when combined with the purified enzyme and a mediator, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT). BMO oxidation of 3,4-dimethoxytoluene achieved a better yield than that of abiotic MnO2 and white-rot fungus laccase under acidic and neutral pH conditions. Under neutral pH, the BMOs oxidized 3,4-dimethoxytoluene to yield 200-fold more 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde than that of abiotic MnO2. This is the first report to reveal that BMOs combined with a Mn(II)-oxidizing enzyme and mediator can oxidize aromatic hydrocarbons to yield corresponding aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture, 60 Ogura, Wakayama, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Maki Fujiwara
- Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture, 60 Ogura, Wakayama, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture, 60 Ogura, Wakayama, Wakayama 649-6261, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sumitani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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18
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Xu Y, Feng J, Li H. Water management increased rhizosphere redox potential and decreased Cd uptake in a low-Cd rice cultivar but decreased redox potential and increased Cd uptake in a high-Cd rice cultivar under intercropping. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141701. [PMID: 32889460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive Cd in crop grains is toxic to humans. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of intercropping on rice yield and grain Cd content as well as a pot experiment to compare the rhizosphere redox potentials of low-Cd 'Zhuliangyou 189' and the neighboring high-Cd 'Changxianggu' that mediated Cd uptake in a flooded or a ridge-furrow system. In the field experiment, Cd removal from contaminated soil in intercropping was 1.44 times higher than that in monoculture of Zhuliangyou 189. In both Zhuliangyou 189 and Changxianggu, intercropping improved the grain yield and decreased grain Cd content. In the pot experiment, Fe plaque amount was strongly and positively correlated with bulk soil Fe(II) content, root H2O2 concentration, and Fe(II)-oxidizing ability of root bacteria but negatively correlated with Fe(II)-oxidizing ability of bulk soil bacteria and root Cd content. In Zhuliangyou 189, intercropping increased root H2O2 concentration, rhizosphere redox potential, iron plaque amount but decreased Cd bioavailability, Fe(II)-oxidizing ability of bulk soil bacteria, and organ Cd content. In the flooded system, Zhuliangyou 189 showed higher bulk soil Fe(II) content than Changxianggu. In the ridge-furrow system, ridges decreased the Fe(II)-oxidizing ability of root and bulk soil bacteria, thereby decreasing Fe plaque amount and increasing organ Cd content of rice. In both monoculture and intercropping systems, rice cultivars planted on ridges showed higher Cd bioavailability and lower bulk boil Fe(II) content than those planted in furrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanggui Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, China Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jiayi Feng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huashou Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, China Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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19
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Galezowski L, Recham N, Larcher D, Miot J, Skouri-Panet F, Guyot F. Microbially Induced Mineralization of Layered Mn Oxides Electroactive in Li Batteries. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2031. [PMID: 33013746 PMCID: PMC7511517 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles produced by bacteria, fungi, or plants generally have physicochemical properties such as size, shape, crystalline structure, magnetic properties, and stability which are difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis. For instance, Mn(II)-oxidizing organisms promote the biomineralization of manganese oxides with specific textures under ambient conditions. Controlling their crystallinity and texture may offer environmentally relevant routes of Mn oxide synthesis with potential technological applications, e.g., for energy storage. However, whereas the electrochemical activity of synthetic (abiotic) Mn oxides has been extensively studied, the electroactivity of Mn biominerals has been seldom investigated yet. Here we evaluated the electroactivity of biologically induced biominerals produced by the Mn(II)-oxidizer bacteria Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1. For this purpose, we explored the mechanisms of Mn biomineralization, including the kinetics of Mn(II) oxidation, under different conditions. Manganese speciation, biomineral structure, and texture as well as organic matter content were determined by a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron and X-ray microscopies, and thermogravimetric analyses coupled to mass spectrometry. Our results evidence the formation of an organic–inorganic composite material and a competition between the enzymatic (biotic) oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) yielding MnO2 birnessite and the abiotic formation of Mn(III), of which the ratio depends on oxygenation levels and activity of the bacteria. We reveal that a subtle control over the conditions of the microbial environment orients the birnessite to Mn(III)-phases ratio and the porosity of the assembly, which both strongly impact the bulk electroactivity of the composite biomineral. The electrochemical properties were tested in lithium battery configuration and exhibit very appealing performances (voltage, capacity, reversibility, and power capability), thanks to the specific texture resulting from the microbially driven synthesis route. Given that such electroactive Mn biominerals are widespread in the environment, our study opens an alternative route for the synthesis of performing electrode materials under environment-friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Galezowski
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD 206, Paris, France
| | - Nadir Recham
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, CNRS UMR 7314, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Amiens, France
| | - Dominique Larcher
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, CNRS UMR 7314, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Amiens, France
| | - Jennyfer Miot
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD 206, Paris, France
| | - Fériel Skouri-Panet
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD 206, Paris, France
| | - François Guyot
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7590, IRD 206, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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20
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Nguyen VK, Ha MG, Kang HY, Nguyen DD. Biological Manganese Removal by Novel Halotolerant Bacteria Isolated from River Water. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060941. [PMID: 32580482 PMCID: PMC7356865 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese-oxidizing bacteria have been widely investigated for bioremediation of Mn-contaminated water sources and for production of biogenic Mn oxides that have extensive applications in environmental remediation. In this study, a total of 5 Mn-resistant bacteria were isolated from river water and investigated for Mn removal. Among them, Ochrobactrum sp. NDMn-6 exhibited the highest Mn removal efficiency (99.1%). The final precipitates produced by this strain were defined as a mixture of Mn2O3, MnO2, and MnCO3. Optimal Mn-removal performance by strain NDMn-6 was obtained at a temperature range of 25-30 °C and the salinity of 0.1-0.5%. More interestingly, strain NDMn-6 could be resistant to salinities of up to 5%, revealing that this strain could be possibly applied for Mn remediation of high salinity regions or industrial saline wastewaters. This study also revealed the potential of self-detoxification mechanisms, wherein river water contaminated with Mn could be cleaned by indigenous bacteria through an appropriate biostimulation scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Khanh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Myung-Gyu Ha
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan Center, Busan 46742, Korea;
| | - Ho Young Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
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21
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Shoiful A, Ohta T, Kambara H, Matsushita S, Kindaichi T, Ozaki N, Aoi Y, Imachi H, Ohashi A. Multiple organic substrates support Mn(II) removal with enrichment of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 259:109771. [PMID: 32072950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three different organic substrates, K-medium, sterilized activated sludge (SAS), and methanol, were examined for utility as substrates for enriching manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) in an open bioreactor. The differences in Mn(II) oxidation performance between the substrates were investigated using three down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactors continuously treating artificial Mn(II)-containing water over 131 days. The results revealed that all three substrates were useful for enriching MnOB. Surprisingly, we observed only slight differences in Mn(II) removal between the substrates. The highest Mn(II) removal rate for the SAS-supplied reactor was 0.41 kg Mn⋅m-3⋅d-1, which was greater than that of K-medium, although the SAS performance was unstable. In contrast, the methanol-supplied reactor had more stable performance and the highest Mn(II) removal rate. We conclude that multiple genera of Comamonas, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Hyphomicrobium play a role in Mn(II) oxidation and that their relative predominance was dependent on the substrate. Moreover, the initial inclusion of abiotic-MnO2 in the reactors promoted early MnOB enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shoiful
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan; Center of Technology for the Environment, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Geostech Building, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Taiki Ohta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kambara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shuji Matsushita
- Western Region Industrial Research Center, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, 2-10-1, Aga-minami, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0004, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Aoi
- Program of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imachi
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research (D-SUGAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
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22
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Exceptional Preservation of Fungi as H2-Bearing Fluid Inclusions in an Early Quaternary Paleo-Hydrothermal System at Cape Vani, Milos, Greece. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9120749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of H2 in hydrothermal systems and subsurface settings is almost exclusively assumed a result of abiotic processes, particularly serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. The origin of H2 in environments not hosted in ultramafic rocks is, as a rule, unjustifiably linked to abiotic processes. Additionally, multiple microbiological processes among both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are known to involve H2-production, of which anaerobic fungi have been put forward as a potential source of H2 in subsurface environments, which is still unconfirmed. Here, we report fungal remains exceptionally preserved as fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz from feeder quartz-barite veins from the Cape Vani Fe-Ba-Mn ore on the Greek island of Milos. The inclusions possess filamentous or near-spheroidal morphologies interpreted as remains of fungal hyphae and spores, respectively. They were characterized by microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy, and staining of exposed inclusions with WGA-FITC under fluorescence microscopy. The spheroidal aqueous inclusions interpreted as fungal spores are unique by their coating of Mn-oxide birnessite, and gas phase H2. A biological origin of the H2 resulting from anaerobic fungal respiration is suggested. We propose that biologically produced H2 by micro-eukaryotes is an unrecognized source of H2 in hydrothermal systems that may support communities of H2-dependent prokaryotes.
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Removal of Manganese(II) from Acid Mine Wastewater: A Review of the Challenges and Opportunities with Special Emphasis on Mn-Oxidizing Bacteria and Microalgae. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many global mining activities release large amounts of acidic mine drainage with high levels of manganese (Mn) having potentially detrimental effects on the environment. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the main implications and challenges of Mn(II) removal from mine drainage. We first present the sources of contamination from mineral processing, as well as the adverse effects of Mn on mining ecosystems. Then the comparison of several techniques to remove Mn(II) from wastewater, as well as an assessment of the challenges associated with precipitation, adsorption, and oxidation/filtration are provided. We also critically analyze remediation options with special emphasis on Mn-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) and microalgae. Recent literature demonstrates that MnOB can efficiently oxidize dissolved Mn(II) to Mn(III, IV) through enzymatic catalysis. Microalgae can also accelerate Mn(II) oxidation through indirect oxidation by increasing solution pH and dissolved oxygen production during its growth. Microbial oxidation and the removal of Mn(II) have been effective in treating artificial wastewater and groundwater under neutral conditions with adequate oxygen. Compared to physicochemical techniques, the bioremediation of manganese mine drainage without the addition of chemical reagents is relatively inexpensive. However, wastewater from manganese mines is acidic and has low-levels of dissolved oxygen, which inhibit the oxidizing ability of MnOB. We propose an alternative treatment for manganese mine drainage that focuses on the synergistic interactions of Mn in wastewater with co-immobilized MnOB/microalgae.
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Natural Attenuation of Mn(II) in Metal Refinery Wastewater: Microbial Community Structure Analysis and Isolation of a New Mn(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SK3. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural attenuation of Mn(II) was observed inside the metal refinery wastewater pipeline, accompanying dark brown-colored mineralization (mostly MnIVO2 with some MnIII2O3 and Fe2O3) on the inner pipe surface. The Mn-deposit hosted the bacterial community comprised of Hyphomicrobium sp. (22.1%), Magnetospirillum sp. (3.2%), Geobacter sp. (0.3%), Bacillus sp. (0.18%), Pseudomonas sp. (0.03%), and non-metal-metabolizing bacteria (74.2%). Culture enrichment of the Mn-deposit led to the isolation of a new heterotrophic Mn(II)-oxidizer Pseudomonas sp. SK3, with its closest relative Ps. resinovorans (with 98.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity), which was previously unknown as an Mn(II)-oxidizer. Oxidation of up to 100 mg/L Mn(II) was readily initiated and completed by isolate SK3, even in the presence of high contents of MgSO4 (a typical solute in metal refinery wastewaters). Additional Cu(II) facilitated Mn(II) oxidation by isolate SK3 (implying the involvement of multicopper oxidase enzyme), allowing a 2-fold greater Mn removal rate, compared to the well-studied Mn(II)-oxidizer Ps. putida MnB1. Poorly crystalline biogenic birnessite was formed by isolate SK3 via one-electron transfer oxidation, gradually raising the Mn AOS (average oxidation state) to 3.80 in 72 h. Together with its efficient in vitro Mn(II) oxidation behavior, a high Mn AOS level of 3.75 was observed with the pipeline Mn-deposit sample collected in situ. The overall results, including the microbial community structure analysis of the pipeline sample, suggest that the natural Mn(II) attenuation phenomenon was characterized by robust in situ activity of Mn(II) oxidizers (including strain SK3) for continuous generation of Mn(IV). This likely synergistically facilitated chemical Mn(II)/Mn(IV) synproportionation for effective Mn removal in the complex ecosystem established in this artificial pipeline structure. The potential utility of isolate SK3 is illustrated for further industrial application in metal refinery wastewater treatment processes.
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Wörmer L, Hoshino T, Bowles MW, Viehweger B, Adhikari RR, Xiao N, Uramoto GI, Könneke M, Lazar CS, Morono Y, Inagaki F, Hinrichs KU. Microbial dormancy in the marine subsurface: Global endospore abundance and response to burial. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1024. [PMID: 30801015 PMCID: PMC6382399 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediments host an unexpectedly large microbial biosphere, suggesting unique microbial mechanisms for surviving burial and slow metabolic turnover. Although dormancy is generally considered an important survival strategy, its specific role in subsurface sediments remains unclear. We quantified dormant bacterial endospores in 331 marine sediment samples from diverse depositional types and geographical origins. The abundance of endospores relative to vegetative cells increased with burial depth and endospores became dominant below 25 m, with an estimated population of 2.5 × 1028 to 1.9 × 1029 endospores in the uppermost kilometer of sediment and a corresponding biomass carbon of 4.6 to 35 Pg surpassing that of vegetative cells. Our data further identify distinct endospore subgroups with divergent resistance to burial and aging. Endospores may shape the deep biosphere by providing a core population for colonization of new habitats and/or through low-frequency germination to sustain slow growth in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wörmer
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tatsuhiko Hoshino
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | | | - Bernhard Viehweger
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rishi R. Adhikari
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nan Xiao
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Go-ichiro Uramoto
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Martin Könneke
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Cassandre S. Lazar
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Yuki Morono
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Fumio Inagaki
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Jurassic Non-Carbonate Microbialites from the Betic-Rifian Cordillera (Tethys Western End): Textures, Mineralogy, and Environmental Reconstruction. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The term microbialite is commonly applied for describing carbonate organo-sedimentary deposits that have accreted as a result of the activity of benthic microbial communities (BMC). However, non-carbonate microbialites are progressively well-known and show a great diversity of organisms, processes, and mineralogical compositions. This article reviews three types of Jurassic microbialites from four different environmental contexts from the Betic-Rifian Cordillera (South Spain and North Morocco): marine hardgrounds, submarine caves, hydrothermal vents, and submarine volcanic deposits. The Middle-Late Jurassic transition in the External Subbetic (Betic Cordillera) and the Jbel Moussa Group (Rifian Calcareous Chain) was characterized by the fragmentation of the carbonate epicontinental platforms that favored these different settings: (A) Many stratigraphic breaks are recorded as hardgrounds with surficial hydrogenetic Fe crusts and macro-oncoids related to chemo-organotrophic behavior of BMC that served as a specific trap for Fe and Mn enrichment; (B) Cryptic hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts (or endostromatolites) grew in the walls of submarine cavities and fractures mainly constituted by Frutexites (chemosynthetic and cryptobiontic microorganism) locally associated to serpulids; (C) Hydrothermal Mn crusts are mainly constituted by different types of filaments and bacillus-shaped bacteria, whose mineralogy and geochemistry point to a submarine hydrothermal origin; (D) Finally, glauconite laminated crusts, constituted by branched cylindrical filaments, have grown in cryptic spaces among the pillow-lava bodies, probably related to the metabolism of chemo-organotrophic microbes under oxic conditions at temperatures between 30 and 90 °C. In most of the cases described in this work, microbial organisms forming microbialites were extremophiles.
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Zerfaß C, Christie-Oleza JA, Soyer OS. Manganese Oxide Biomineralization Provides Protection against Nitrite Toxicity in a Cell-Density-Dependent Manner. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02129-18. [PMID: 30413475 PMCID: PMC6328764 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02129-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese biomineralization is a widespread process among bacteria and fungi. To date, there is no conclusive experimental evidence for how and if this process impacts microbial fitness in the environment. Here, we show how a model organism for manganese oxidation is growth inhibited by nitrite, and that this inhibition is mitigated in the presence of manganese. We show that such manganese-mediated mitigation of nitrite inhibition is dependent on the culture inoculum size, and that manganese oxide (MnOX) forms granular precipitates in the culture, rather than sheaths around individual cells. We provide evidence that MnOX protection involves both its ability to catalyze nitrite oxidation into (nontoxic) nitrate under physiological conditions and its potential role in influencing processes involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, these results demonstrate improved microbial fitness through MnOX deposition in an ecological setting, i.e., mitigation of nitrite toxicity, and point to a key role of MnOX in handling stresses arising from ROS.IMPORTANCE We present here a direct fitness benefit (i.e., growth advantage) for manganese oxide biomineralization activity in Roseobacter sp. strain AzwK-3b, a model organism used to study this process. We find that strain AzwK-3b in a laboratory culture experiment is growth inhibited by nitrite in manganese-free cultures, while the inhibition is considerably relieved by manganese supplementation and manganese oxide (MnOX) formation. We show that biogenic MnOX interacts directly with nitrite and possibly with reactive oxygen species and find that its beneficial effects are established through formation of dispersed MnOX granules in a manner dependent on the population size. These experiments raise the possibility that manganese biomineralization could confer protection against nitrite toxicity to a population of cells. They open up new avenues of interrogating this process in other species and provide possible routes to their biotechnological applications, including in metal recovery, biomaterials production, and synthetic community engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zerfaß
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Orkun S Soyer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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28
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Paul C, Filippidou S, Jamil I, Kooli W, House GL, Estoppey A, Hayoz M, Junier T, Palmieri F, Wunderlin T, Lehmann A, Bindschedler S, Vennemann T, Chain PSG, Junier P. Bacterial spores, from ecology to biotechnology. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 106:79-111. [PMID: 30798805 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of a highly specialized cell structure called a spore is a remarkable example of a survival strategy displayed by bacteria in response to challenging environmental conditions. The detailed analysis and description of the process of sporulation in selected model organisms have generated a solid background to understand the cellular processes leading to the formation of this specialized cell. However, much less is known regarding the ecology of spore-formers. This research gap needs to be filled as the feature of resistance has important implications not only on the survival of spore-formers and their ecology, but also on the use of spores for environmental prospection and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Paul
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sevasti Filippidou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Isha Jamil
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wafa Kooli
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Geoffrey L House
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Aislinn Estoppey
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mathilda Hayoz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland; Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Palmieri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tina Wunderlin
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anael Lehmann
- Laboratory of stable isotope geochemistry, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Vennemann
- Laboratory of stable isotope geochemistry, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick S G Chain
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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29
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Medina M, Rizo A, Dinh D, Chau B, Omidvar M, Juarez A, Ngo J, Johnson HA. MopA, the Mn Oxidizing Protein From Erythrobacter sp. SD-21, Requires Heme and NAD + for Mn(II) Oxidation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2671. [PMID: 30487779 PMCID: PMC6247904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial manganese (Mn) oxidation is catalyzed by a diverse group of microbes and can affect the fate of other elements in the environment. Yet, we understand little about the enzymes that catalyze this reaction. The Mn oxidizing protein MopA, from Erythrobacter sp. strain SD-21, is a heme peroxidase capable of Mn(II) oxidation. Unlike Mn oxidizing multicopper oxidase enzymes, an understanding of MopA is very limited. Sequence analysis indicates that MopA contains an N-terminal heme peroxidase domain and a C-terminal calcium binding domain. Heterologous expression and nickel affinity chromatography purification of the N-terminal peroxidase domain (MopA-hp) from Erythrobacter sp. strain SD-21 led to partial purification. MopA-hp is a heme binding protein that requires heme, NAD+, and calcium (Ca2+) for activity. Mn oxidation is also stimulated by the presence of pyrroloquinoline quinone. MopA-hp has a KM for Mn(II) of 154 ± 46 μM and kcat = 1.6 min−1. Although oxygen requiring MopA-hp is homologous to peroxidases based on sequence, addition of hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide scavengers had little effect on Mn oxidation, suggesting this is not the oxidizing agent. These studies provide insight into the mechanism by which MopA oxidizes Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Medina
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Antonia Rizo
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - David Dinh
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Briana Chau
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Moussa Omidvar
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Juarez
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Julia Ngo
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Hope A Johnson
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
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30
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Zeng X, Zhang M, Liu Y, Tang W. Manganese(II) oxidation by the multi-copper oxidase CopA from Brevibacillus panacihumi MK-8. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 117:79-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Biogenic manganese oxide nanoparticle formation by a multimeric multicopper oxidase Mnx. Nat Commun 2017; 8:746. [PMID: 28963463 PMCID: PMC5622069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria that produce Mn oxides are extraordinarily skilled engineers of nanomaterials that contribute significantly to global biogeochemical cycles. Their enzyme-based reaction mechanisms may be genetically tailored for environmental remediation applications or bioenergy production. However, significant challenges exist for structural characterization of the enzymes responsible for biomineralization. The active Mn oxidase in Bacillus sp. PL-12, Mnx, is a complex composed of a multicopper oxidase (MCO), MnxG, and two accessory proteins, MnxE and MnxF. MnxG shares sequence similarity with other, structurally characterized MCOs. MnxE and MnxF have no similarity to any characterized proteins. The ~200 kDa complex has been recalcitrant to crystallization, so its structure is unknown. Here, we show that native mass spectrometry defines the subunit topology and copper binding of Mnx, while high-resolution electron microscopy visualizes the protein and nascent Mn oxide minerals. These data provide critical structural information for understanding Mn biomineralization by such unexplored enzymes. Significant challenges exist for structural characterization of enzymes responsible for biomineralization. Here the authors show that native mass spectrometry and high resolution electron microscopy can define the subunit topology and copper binding of a manganese oxidizing complex, and describe early stage formation of its mineral products
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32
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Soldatova AV, Tao L, Romano CA, Stich TA, Casey WH, Britt RD, Tebo BM, Spiro TG. Mn(II) Oxidation by the Multicopper Oxidase Complex Mnx: A Binuclear Activation Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11369-11380. [PMID: 28712284 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial protein complex Mnx contains a multicopper oxidase (MCO) MnxG that, unusually, catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of Mn(II) to MnO2 biomineral, via a Mn(III) intermediate. Although Mn(III)/Mn(II) and Mn(IV)/Mn(III) reduction potentials are expected to be high, we find a low reduction potential, 0.38 V (vs Normal Hydrogen Electrode, pH 7.8), for the MnxG type 1 Cu2+, the electron acceptor. Indeed the type 1 Cu2+ is not reduced by Mn(II) in the absence of molecular oxygen, indicating that substrate oxidation requires an activation step. We have investigated the enzyme mechanism via electronic absorption spectroscopy, using chemometric analysis to separate enzyme-catalyzed MnO2 formation from MnO2 nanoparticle aging. The nanoparticle aging time course is characteristic of nucleation and particle growth; rates for these processes followed expected dependencies on Mn(II) concentration and temperature, but exhibited different pH optima. The enzymatic time course is sigmoidal, signaling an activation step, prior to turnover. The Mn(II) concentration and pH dependence of a preceding lag phase indicates weak Mn(II) binding. The activation step is enabled by a pKa > 8.6 deprotonation, which is assigned to Mn(II)-bound H2O; it induces a conformation change (consistent with a high activation energy, 106 kJ/mol) that increases Mn(II) affinity. Mnx activation is proposed to decrease the Mn(III/II) reduction potential below that of type 1 Cu(II/I) by formation of a hydroxide-bridged binuclear complex, Mn(II)(μ-OH)Mn(II), at the substrate site. Turnover is found to depend cooperatively on two Mn(II) and is enabled by a pKa 7.6 double deprotonation. It is proposed that turnover produces a Mn(III)(μ-OH)2Mn(III) intermediate that proceeds to the enzyme product, likely Mn(IV)(μ-O)2Mn(IV) or an oligomer, which subsequently nucleates MnO2 nanoparticles. We conclude that Mnx exploits manganese polynuclear chemistry in order to facilitate an otherwise difficult oxidation reaction, as well as biomineralization. The mechanism of the Mn(III/IV) conversion step is elucidated in an accompanying paper .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Soldatova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Christine A Romano
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bradley M Tebo
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G Spiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Abstract
Spores of Clostridiales and Bacillales are encased in a complex series of concentric shells that provide protection, facilitate germination, and mediate interactions with the environment. Analysis of diverse spore-forming species by thin-section transmission electron microscopy reveals that the number and morphology of these encasing shells vary greatly. In some species, they appear to be composed of a small number of discrete layers. In other species, they can comprise multiple, morphologically complex layers. In addition, spore surfaces can possess elaborate appendages. For all their variability, there is a consistent architecture to the layers encasing the spore. A hallmark of all Clostridiales and Bacillales spores is the cortex, a layer made of peptidoglycan. In close association with the cortex, all species examined possess, at a minimum, a series of proteinaceous layers, called the coat. In some species, including Bacillus subtilis, only the coat is present. In other species, including Bacillus anthracis, an additional layer, called the exosporium, surrounds the coat. Our goals here are to review the present understanding of the structure, composition, assembly, and functions of the coat, primarily in the model organism B. subtilis, but also in the small but growing number of other spore-forming species where new data are showing that there is much to be learned beyond the relatively well-developed basis of knowledge in B. subtilis. To help summarize this large field and define future directions for research, we will focus on key findings in recent years.
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Marcus DN, Pinto A, Anantharaman K, Ruberg SA, Kramer EL, Raskin L, Dick GJ. Diverse manganese(II)-oxidizing bacteria are prevalent in drinking water systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:120-128. [PMID: 27935222 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) oxides are highly reactive minerals that influence the speciation, mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds. Although Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria are known to catalyze the formation of Mn oxides, little is known about the organisms responsible for Mn oxidation in situ, especially in engineered environments. Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria are important in drinking water systems, including in biofiltration and water distribution systems. Here, we used cultivation dependent and independent approaches to investigate Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria in drinking water sources, a treatment plant and associated distribution system. We isolated 29 strains of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria and found that highly similar 16S rRNA gene sequences were present in all culture-independent datasets and dominant in the studied drinking water treatment plant. These results highlight a potentially important role for Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria in drinking water systems, where biogenic Mn oxides may affect water quality in terms of aesthetic appearance, speciation of metals and oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds. Deciphering the ecology of these organisms and the factors that regulate their Mn(II)-oxidizing activity could yield important insights into how microbial communities influence the quality of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Marcus
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ameet Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karthik Anantharaman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven A Ruberg
- Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eva L Kramer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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35
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Butterfield CN, Tebo BM. Substrate specificity and copper loading of the manganese-oxidizing multicopper oxidase Mnx from Bacillus sp. PL-12. Metallomics 2017; 9:183-191. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00239k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Abstract
The importance of manganese in the physiology of marine microbes, the biogeochemistry of the ocean and the health of microbial communities of past and present is emerging. Manganese is distributed widely throughout the global ocean, taking the form of an essential antioxidant (Mn2+), a potent oxidant (Mn3+) and strong adsorbent (Mn oxides) sequestering disproportionately high levels of trace metals and nutrients in comparison to the surrounding seawater. Manganese is, in fact, linked to nearly all other elemental cycles and intricately involved in the health, metabolism and function of the ocean's microbiome. Here, we briefly review the diversity of microbes and pathways responsible for the transformation of Mn within the three Mn pools and their distribution within the marine environment. Despite decades of interrogation, we still have much to learn about the players, mechanisms and consequences of the Mn cycle, and new and exciting discoveries are being made at a rapid rate. What is clear is the dynamic and ever-inspiring complexity of reactions involving Mn, and the acknowledgement that microorganisms are the catalytic engine driving the Mn cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Hansel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States.
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Tang W, Gong J, Wu L, Li Y, Zhang M, Zeng X. DGGE diversity of manganese mine samples and isolation of a Lysinibacillus sp. efficient in removal of high Mn (II) concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:277-283. [PMID: 27657820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese contamination has become a serious environmental problem in the world and bacterial removal plays an important role in global cycling of manganese. In this study, microorganism distribution within samples from a manganese mine was analyzed with PCR-DGGE technology. The results suggested that Manganese oxidizing bacteria (such as Bacillus, Hyphomicrobiaceae and Erythrobacter) were dominant in the soil. In addition, a Lysinibacillus sp. Isolate, strain MK-1, revealed robust growth at high Mn(II) concentrations up to 1 mM. At that concentration, 55.94% of added Mn(II) was oxidized and 36.23% of the Mn(II) was adsorbed by MK-1(total manganese removal reached 94.67%) after 7 days of culturing. By measuring its metabolic process, the great role of biological adsorption was found. Additionally, the spectroscopic result demonstrated that Mn(III) was an intermediate during the biological oxidation process. These findings increase the knowledge of biological manganese removal mechanisms and show some potentials to the operation of manganese treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jiemin Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lujun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinping Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Ghosh S, Mohanty S, Akcil A, Sukla LB, Das AP. A greener approach for resource recycling: Manganese bioleaching. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:628-639. [PMID: 27104228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In view of unremitting diminution of mineral resources, rising energy economics along with increasing global consumption of Manganese (Mn), development of environment friendly technologies for tapping alternate sources of Mn has gained importance lately. Mn recovery from mining residues using conventional approaches is extremely expensive due to high capital and energy costs involved. However lean grade ores present in millions of tons awaits the development of competent and cost effective extractive process. Mn recovery by biomining with diverse microbes is thereby recommended as a superior and green alternative to the current pyro metallurgical techniques. The synergistic effects of different factors are known to influence microbial leaching of mineral ores which includes microbiological, mineralogical, physicochemical and process parameters. Bacterial bioleaching is mostly due to enzymatic influence, however fungal bioleaching is non enzymatic. Genomic studies on microbial diversity and an insight of its metabolic pathways provides unique dimension to the mechanism of biomining microorganisms. The extraction of Mn has a massive future prospective and will play a remarkable role in altering the situation of ever-decreasing grades of ore. This review aims to encompass the different aspects of Mn bioleaching, the plethora of organisms involved, the mechanisms driving the process and the recent trends and future prospects of this green technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Bioengineering & Bio-Mineral Processing Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - S Mohanty
- Bioengineering & Bio-Mineral Processing Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - A Akcil
- Mineral-Metal Recovery and Recycling (MMR&R) Research Group, Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, TR32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - L B Sukla
- Institute for Applied Environmental Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar 751021, Odisha, India
| | - A P Das
- Bioengineering & Bio-Mineral Processing Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar 751003, India.
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Palermo C, Dittrich M. Evidence for the biogenic origin of manganese-enriched layers in Lake Superior sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:179-186. [PMID: 26636960 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe)-enriched sediment layers were discovered in Lake Superior within, above and below the oxic-anoxic interface. While the role of bacteria in redox reactions with Mn is known to be significant, little information exists about indigenous microbial communities in many freshwater environments. This study examined the bacterial communities of Mn-enriched layers in Lake Superior to identify the potential Mn(II) oxidizers responsible for the formation of Mn oxides. Anaerobic Mn(II) oxidation occurring in the Mn-enriched layers at the oxic-anoxic interface was investigated using Mn(II)-enriched cultures. High-resolution microscopic and spectroscopic investigations provided evidence of the biogenic formation of Mn oxides on cell surfaces. Spectroscopic mapping confirmed high levels of Mn in structures resembling biogenic Mn oxides. These structures were observed in enrichment cultures and in Mn-enriched layer sediment samples, indicating the significance of biogenic Mn oxidation occurring in situ. 16S ribosomal DNA pyrosequencing was used to identify the bacteria potentially responsible for Mnoxide formation in the enrichment cultures and Mn-enriched layers, revealing that the Mn-enriched layer contains classes with known Mn(II)-oxidizing members. Pyrosequencing of bacterial cultures suggested that these bacteria may be Bacillus strains, and that anaerobic microbial-mediated Mn(II) oxidation contributes to the formation of the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Palermo
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
| | - Maria Dittrich
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M1C 1A4
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40
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The Role of Bacterial Spores in Metal Cycling and Their Potential Application in Metal Contaminant Bioremediation. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4. [DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.tbs-0018-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Bacteria are one of the premier biological forces that, in combination with chemical and physical forces, drive metal availability in the environment. Bacterial spores, when found in the environment, are often considered to be dormant and metabolically inactive, in a resting state waiting for favorable conditions for them to germinate. However, this is a highly oversimplified view of spores in the environment. The surface of bacterial spores represents a potential site for chemical reactions to occur. Additionally, proteins in the outer layers (spore coats or exosporium) may also have more specific catalytic activity. As a consequence, bacterial spores can play a role in geochemical processes and may indeed find uses in various biotechnological applications. The aim of this review is to introduce the role of bacteria and bacterial spores in biogeochemical cycles and their potential use as toxic metal bioremediation agents.
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Jiang XW, Cheng H, Zheng BW, Li A, Lv LX, Ling ZX, Yan R, Jiang HY, Cheng YW, Gu SL, Li LJ. Comparative genomic study of three species within the genus Ornithinibacillus, reflecting the adaption to different habitats. Gene 2015; 578:25-31. [PMID: 26706221 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the whole genome sequences of two species, Ornithinibacillus contaminans DSM22953(T) isolated from human blood and Ornithinibacillus californiensis DSM 16628(T) isolated from marine sediment, in genus Ornithinibacillus. Comparative genomic study of the two species was conducted together with their close relative Ornithinibacillus scapharcae TW25(T), a putative pathogenic bacteria isolated from dead ark clam. The comparisons showed O. contaminans DSM22953(T) had the smallest genome size of the three species indicating that it has a relatively more stable habitat. More stress response and heavy metal resistance genes were found in the genome of O. californiensis DSM 16628(T) reflecting its adaption to the complex marine environment. O. scapharcae TW25(T) contained more antibiotic resistance genes and virus factors in the genome than the other two species, which revealed its pathogen potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei-Wen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long-Xian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Xin Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Wen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Lan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Ghosh S, Mohanty S, Nayak S, Sukla LB, Das AP. Molecular identification of indigenous manganese solubilising bacterial biodiversity from manganese mining deposits. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:254-62. [PMID: 26471873 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) ranks twelfth among the most exuberant metal present in the earth's crust and finds its imperative application in the manufacturing steel, chemical, tannery, glass, and battery industries. Solubilisation of Mn can be performed by several bacterial strains which are useful in developing environmental friendly solutions for mining activities. The present investigation aims to isolate and characterize Mn solubilising bacteria from low grade ores from Sanindipur Manganese mine of Sundargh district in Odisha state of India. Four morphologically distinct bacterial strains showing visible growth on Mn supplemented plates were isolated. Mn solubilising ability of the bacterial strains was assessed by visualizing the lightening of the medium appearing around the growing colonies. Three isolates were gram negative and rod shaped while the remaining one was gram positive, coccobacilli. Molecular identification of the isolates was carried out by 16S rRNA sequencing and the bacterial isolates were taxonomically classified as Bacillus anthrasis MSB 2, Acinetobacter sp. MSB 5, Lysinibacillus sp. MSB 11, and Bacillus sp. MMR-1 using BLAST algorithm. The sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank with the accession number KP635223, KP635224, KP635225 and JQ936966, respectively. Manganese solubilisation efficiency of 40, 96, 97.5 and 48.5% were achieved by MMR-1, MSB 2, MSB 5 and MSB 11 respectively. The efficiency of Mn solubilisation is suggested with the help of a pH variation study. The results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms involved in Manganese solubilisation efficiency of bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ghosh
- Bioengineering & Biomineral Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sansuta Mohanty
- Bioengineering & Biomineral Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Bioengineering & Biomineral Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Lala B Sukla
- Institute for Applied Environmental Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Alok P Das
- Bioengineering & Biomineral Processing Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, India
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43
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Abu Hasan H, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Kamarudin SK, Tan Kofli N. Effective curves of completing simultaneous ammonium and manganese removal in polluted water using a biological aerated filter. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Tao L, Stich TA, Butterfield CN, Romano CA, Spiro TG, Tebo BM, Casey WH, Britt RD. Mn(II) Binding and Subsequent Oxidation by the Multicopper Oxidase MnxG Investigated by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10563-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina N. Butterfield
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Christine A. Romano
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G. Spiro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bradley M. Tebo
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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45
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Bohu T, Santelli CM, Akob DM, Neu TR, Ciobota V, Rösch P, Popp J, Nietzsche S, Küsel K. Characterization of pH dependent Mn(II) oxidation strategies and formation of a bixbyite-like phase by Mesorhizobium australicum T-G1. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:734. [PMID: 26236307 PMCID: PMC4505141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of Mn oxides in natural environments, there are only a few observations of biological Mn(II) oxidation at pH < 6. The lack of low pH Mn-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) isolates limits our understanding of how pH influences biological Mn(II) oxidation in extreme environments. Here, we report that a novel MOB isolate, Mesorhizobium australicum strain T-G1, isolated from an acidic and metalliferous uranium mining area, can oxidize Mn(II) at both acidic and neutral pH using different enzymatic pathways. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that T-G1 initiated bixbyite-like Mn oxide formation at pH 5.5 which coincided with multi-copper oxidase expression from early exponential phase to late stationary phase. In contrast, reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide, appeared to be more important for T-G1 mediated Mn(II) oxidation at neutral pH. ROS was produced in parallel with the occurrence of Mn(II) oxidation at pH 7.2 from early stationary phase. Solid phase Mn oxides did not precipitate, which is consistent with the presence of a high amount of H2O2 and lower activity of catalase in the liquid culture at pH 7.2. Our results show that M. australicum T-G1, an acid tolerant MOB, can initiate Mn(II) oxidation by varying its oxidation mechanisms depending on the pH and may play an important role in low pH manganese biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsing Bohu
- Department of Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Cara M. Santelli
- Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DC, USA
| | - Denise M. Akob
- National Research Program, United States Geological SurveyReston, VA, USA
| | - Thomas R. Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Valerian Ciobota
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologiesJena, Germany
| | - Sándor Nietzsche
- Centre of Electron Microscopy, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Department of Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
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46
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Ivarsson M, Peckmann J, Tehler A, Broman C, Bach W, Behrens K, Reitner J, Böttcher ME, Norbäck Ivarsson L. Zygomycetes in Vesicular Basanites from Vesteris Seamount, Greenland Basin--A New Type of Cryptoendolithic Fungi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133368. [PMID: 26181773 PMCID: PMC4504512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have been recognized as a frequent colonizer of subseafloor basalt but a substantial understanding of their abundance, diversity and ecological role in this environment is still lacking. Here we report fossilized cryptoendolithic fungal communities represented by mainly Zygomycetes and minor Ascomycetes in vesicles of dredged volcanic rocks (basanites) from the Vesteris Seamount in the Greenland Basin. Zygomycetes had not been reported from subseafloor basalt previously. Different stages in zygospore formation are documented in the studied samples, representing a reproduction cycle. Spore structures of both Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes are mineralized by romanechite-like Mn oxide phases, indicating an involvement in Mn(II) oxidation to form Mn(III,VI) oxides. Zygospores still exhibit a core of carbonaceous matter due to their resistance to degradation. The fungi are closely associated with fossiliferous marine sediments that have been introduced into the vesicles. At the contact to sediment infillings, fungi produced haustoria that penetrated and scavenged on the remains of fragmented marine organisms. It is most likely that such marine debris is the main carbon source for fungi in shallow volcanic rocks, which favored the establishment of vital colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ivarsson
- Department of Palaeobiology and the Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jörn Peckmann
- Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, Center for Earth Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anders Tehler
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Curt Broman
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 8, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Bach
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Behrens
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Joachim Reitner
- Geobiology Group, Geoscience Centre, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael E. Böttcher
- Geochemistry & Isotope Biogeochemistry Group, Department for Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Lena Norbäck Ivarsson
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels Allé 7, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Wu Y, Tan L, Liu W, Wang B, Wang J, Cai Y, Lin X. Profiling bacterial diversity in a limestone cave of the western Loess Plateau of China. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:244. [PMID: 25870592 PMCID: PMC4378288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and archaea sustain subsurface cave ecosystems by dominating primary production and fueling biogeochemical cyclings, despite the permanent darkness and shortage of nutrients. However, the heterogeneity and underlying mechanism of microbial diversity in caves, in particular those well connect to surface environment are largely unexplored. In this study, we examined the bacterial abundance and composition in Jinjia Cave, a small and shallow limestone cave located on the western Loess Plateau of China, by enumerating and pyrosequencing small subunit rRNA genes. The results clearly reveal the contrasting bacterial community compositions in relation to cave habitat types, i.e., rock wall deposit, aquatic sediment, and sinkhole soil, which are differentially connected to the surface environment. The deposits on the cave walls were dominated by putative cave-specific bacterial lineages within the γ-Proteobacteria or Actinobacteria that are routinely found on cave rocks around the world. In addition, sequence identity with known functional groups suggests enrichments of chemolithotrophic bacteria potentially involved in autotrophic C fixation and inorganic N transformation on rock surfaces. By contrast, bacterial communities in aquatic sediments were more closely related to those in the overlying soils. This is consistent with the similarity in elemental composition between the cave sediment and the overlying soil, implicating the influence of mineral chemistry on cave microhabitat and bacterial composition. These findings provide compelling molecular evidence of the bacterial community heterogeneity in an East Asian cave, which might be controlled by both subsurface and surface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing China
| | - Liangcheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an China ; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an China
| | - Wuxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing China
| | - Baozhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing China
| | - Yanjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an China
| | - Xiangui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing China
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48
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Sylvan JB, Hoffman CL, Momper LM, Toner BM, Amend JP, Edwards KJ. Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:1992-1998. [PMID: 25813363 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. The cells were straight rods, 0.5 μm wide and 1-3 μm long, that occurred singly and in chains. Strain 1MBB1T stained Gram-positive. Catalase and oxidase were produced. The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5, and could grow with up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15:0 (19.5 %), C16:0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15:0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Endospores of strain 1MBB1T oxidized Mn(II) to Mn(IV), and siderophore production by vegetative cells was positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. nov. The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Sylvan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Colleen L Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,Earth Science Department, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Lily M Momper
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Brandy M Toner
- Earth Science Department, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jan P Amend
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Katrina J Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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49
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Hoyland VW, Knocke WR, Falkinham JO, Pruden A, Singh G. Effect of drinking water treatment process parameters on biological removal of manganese from surface water. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 66:31-39. [PMID: 25181615 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soluble manganese (Mn) presents a significant treatment challenge to many water utilities, causing aesthetic and operational concerns. While application of free chlorine to oxidize Mn prior to filtration can be effective, this is not feasible for surface water treatment plants using ozonation followed by biofiltration because it inhibits biological removal of organics. Manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) readily oxidize Mn in groundwater treatment applications, which normally involve pH > 7.0. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for biological Mn removal at the lower pH conditions (6.2-6.3) often employed in enhanced coagulation to optimize organics removal. Four laboratory-scale biofilters were operated over a pH range of 6.3-7.3. The biofilters were able to oxidize Mn at a pH as low as pH 6.3 with greater than 98% Mn removal. Removal of simulated organic ozonation by-products was also greater than 90% in all columns. Stress studies indicated that well-acclimated MOB can withstand variations in Mn concentration (e.g., 0.1-0.2 mg/L), hydraulic loading rate (e.g., 2-4 gpm/ft(2); 1.36 × 10(-3)-2.72 × 10(-3) m/s), and temperature (e.g., 7-22 °C) typically found at surface water treatment plants at least for relatively short (1-2 days) periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria W Hoyland
- VT Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - William R Knocke
- VT Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Joseph O Falkinham
- VT Biological Sciences Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- VT Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Gargi Singh
- VT Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Development of a genetic system for a model manganese-oxidizing proteobacterium, Leptothrix discophora SS1. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:2396-2405. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.079459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular underpinnings of manganese oxidation in Leptothrix discophora SS1 has been hampered by the lack of a genetic system. In this report, we describe the development of a genetic system for L. discophora SS1. The antibiotic sensitivity was characterized, and a procedure for transformation with exogenous DNA via conjugation was developed and optimized, resulting in a maximum transfer frequency of 5.2×10−1 and a typical transfer frequency of the order of 1×10−3 transconjugants per donor. Genetic manipulation of L. discophora SS1 was demonstrated by disrupting pyrF via chromosomal integration with a plasmid containing a R6Kγ origin of replication through homologous recombination. This resulted in resistance to 5-fluoroorotidine, which was abolished by complementation with an ectopically expressed copy of pyrF cloned into pBBR1MCS. This system is expected to be amenable to a systematic genetic analysis of L. discophora SS1, including those genes responsible for manganese oxidation.
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