1
|
Han X, Hu X, Jin W, Liu G. Dietary nutrition, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:188-207. [PMID: 38800735 PMCID: PMC11126776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Weaning is a critical transitional point in the life cycle of piglets. Early weaning can lead to post-weaning syndrome, destroy the intestinal barrier function and microbiota homeostasis, cause diarrhea and threaten the health of piglets. The nutritional components of milk and solid foods consumed by newborn animals can affect the diversity and structure of their intestinal microbiota, and regulate post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of different nutrients, including protein, dietary fiber, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance, on diarrhea and health of piglets by regulating intestinal function. Protein is an essential nutrient for the growth of piglets; however, excessive intake will cause many harmful effects, such as allergic reactions, intestinal barrier dysfunction and pathogenic growth, eventually aggravating piglet diarrhea. Dietary fiber is a nutrient that alleviates post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, which is related to its promotion of intestinal epithelial integrity, microbial homeostasis and the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance can also facilitate the growth, function and health of piglets by regulating intestinal epithelial function, immune system and microbiota. Thus, a targeted control of dietary components to promote the establishment of a healthy bacterial community is a significant method for preventing nutritional diarrhea in weaned piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Han
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xiangdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lyte JM, Arsi K, Caputi V, Liyanage R, Assumpcao ALFV, Jesudhasan PRR, Donoghue AM. Inclusion of trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid in feed results in detectable concentrations in the chicken gut and reduces foodborne pathogen carriage. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103368. [PMID: 38157787 PMCID: PMC10765295 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry act as a major reservoir host for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., the 2 leading causes of foodborne illnesses globally and in the United States. Preharvest stage interventions to reduce foodborne pathogen carriage in poultry are increasingly informed by consumer preference for antibiotic-free poultry production. The in-feed inclusion of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds is a promising antibiotic alternative strategy to reduce foodborne pathogen load in the broiler chicken gut. Yet, the fate of these phytochemicals through the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract is unknown. Likewise, while in-feed phytochemicals have been widely demonstrated in challenge models to reduce foodborne pathogen carriage, little is known regarding efficacy to curb natural routes of infection. As such, the aim of the present study was 2-fold. We sought to determine the concentrations of 2 phytochemicals, trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid, in each region of the chicken gastrointestinal tract following their in-feed inclusion over a 6-wk production period. In addition, we investigated how the in-feed provision of these phytochemicals may protect against environmental acquisition of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. Trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid were detected in crop, gizzard, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal contents. Crop and gizzard concentrations were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in phytochemical concentration was observed in intestinal regions compared to crop and gizzard. Trans-cinnamaldehyde was consistently identified in cecal and colon contents, while caprylic acid was not detectable in these regions. Trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid were found to reduce (P < 0.05) Salmonella load. Together, our data establish that the in-feed addition of trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid, 2 phytochemicals that have previously been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against poultry-associated foodborne pathogens, results in detectable concentrations in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract. By providing researchers with a gastrointestinal region-by-region map of phytochemical concentrations, the present study is expected to inform the choice of in-feed phytochemicals targeting foodborne pathogen carriage in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Komala Arsi
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Palmy R R Jesudhasan
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Annie M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo L, Chen Q, Gao Y, Jiang H, Zhou F, Zhang F, Xu M. CDP-choline modulates cholinergic signaling and gut microbiota to alleviate DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115845. [PMID: 37827341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders characterized by a complex and underexplored pathogenic mechanism. Previous research has revealed that IBD patients often have a deficiency of choline and its metabolites, including acetylcholine (ACh) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), within the colon. However, a comprehensive study linking these three substances and their mechanistic implications in IBD remains lacking. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanism of cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline (citicoline), an intermediate product of choline metabolism, in a mouse model of IBD induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). The results demonstrated that CDP-choline effectively alleviated colonic inflammation and deficiencies in choline, ACh, and PC by increasing the raw material. Further detection showed that CDP-choline also increased the ACh content by altering the expression of high-affinity choline transporter (ChT1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in DSS-induced mice colon. Moreover, CDP-choline increased the expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) and activated the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), leading to reduced colon macrophage activation and proinflammatory M1 polarization in IBD mice, thus reducing the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, CDP-choline reduced intestinal ecological imbalance and increased the content of hexanoic acid in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice. In conclusion, this study elucidates the ability of CDP-choline to mitigate DSS-induced colon inflammation by addressing choline and its metabolites deficiencies, activating the CAP, and regulating the composition of the intestinal microbiome and SCFAs content, providing a potential prophylactic and therapeutic approach for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingnan Guo
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yiyuan Gao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Feini Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Maosheng Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Celano G, Calabrese FM, Riezzo G, D’Attoma B, Ignazzi A, Di Chito M, Sila A, De Nucci S, Rinaldi R, Linsalata M, Vacca M, Apa CA, Angelis MD, Giannelli G, De Pergola G, Russo F. Effects of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on the Fecal and Urinary Volatilome in an Obese Patient Cohort: A Preliminary Investigation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3752. [PMID: 37686784 PMCID: PMC10490432 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies deepened the strong connection between gut microbiota and obesity. The effectiveness of the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been measured in terms of positive impact on the host homeostasis, but little is known of the modification exerted on the intestinal metabolome. To inspect this complex relationship, we analyzed both fecal and urinary metabolome in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by the GC-MS method in 25 obese patients that were under VLCKD for eight weeks. Partial least square discriminant analysis evidenced specific urinary and fecal metabolites whose profile can be considered a signature of a partial restore toward the host eubiosis. Specifically, among various keystone VOCs, the decreased concentration of four statistically significant fecal esters (i.e., propanoic acid pentyl ester, butanoic acid hexyl ester, butanoic acid pentyl ester, and pentanoic acid butyl ester) supports the positive effect of VLCKD treatment. Our pilot study results suggest a potential positive effect of VLCKD intervention affecting fecal and urinary volatilome profiles from obese patients. Meta-omics techniques including the study of genes and transcripts will help in developing new interventions useful in preventing or treating obesity and its associated health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Riezzo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Benedetta D’Attoma
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonia Ignazzi
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Di Chito
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Annamaria Sila
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Sara De Nucci
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Michele Linsalata
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Carmen Aurora Apa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Francesco Russo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Y, Wang Z, Ye B, Ma JH, Ji S, Sheng W, Ye S, Ou Y, Peng Y, Yang X, Chen J, Tang S. Sodium butyrate ameliorates diabetic retinopathy in mice via the regulation of gut microbiota and related short-chain fatty acids. J Transl Med 2023; 21:451. [PMID: 37420234 PMCID: PMC10329333 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) development is associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and related metabolites. Butyric acid is one of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which has been found to possess a potential antidiabetic effect. However, whether butyrate has a role in DR remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of sodium butyrate supplementation on DR. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: Control group, diabetic group, and diabetic with butyrate supplementation group. Type 1 diabetic mouse model was induced by streptozotocin. Sodium butyrate was administered by gavage to the experimental group daily for 12 weeks. Optic coherence tomography, hematoxylin-eosin, and immunostaining of whole-mount retina were used to value the changes in retinal structure. Electroretinography was performed to assess the retinal visual function. The tight junction proteins in intestinal tissue were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS were performed to determine the alteration and correlation of the gut microbiota and systemic SCFAs. RESULTS Butyrate decreased blood glucose, food, and water consumption. Meanwhile, it alleviated retinal thinning and activated microglial cells but improved electroretinography visual function. Additionally, butyrate effectively enhanced the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins in the small intestine. Crucially, only butyric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, and caproic acid were significantly decreased in the plasma of diabetic mice and improved after butyrate supplementation. The deeper correlation analysis revealed nine genera strongly positively or negatively correlated with the above three SCFAs. Of note, all three positively correlated genera, including norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Ileibacterium, and Dubosiella, were significantly decreased in the diabetic mice with or without butyrate treatment. Interestingly, among the six negatively correlated genera, Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus were increased, while Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae were decreased after butyrate supplementation. CONCLUSION Together, these findings demonstrate the microbiota regulating and diabetic therapeutic effects of butyrate, which can be used as a potential food supplement alternative to DR medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Huang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchang Aier Eye Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | | | | | - Wang Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Xiangjiang Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Suna Ye
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Yiwen Ou
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | | | - Xu Yang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szabó RT, Kovács-Weber M, Zimborán Á, Kovács L, Erdélyi M. Effects of Short- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Production, Meat Quality, and Microbial Attributes-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4956. [PMID: 37446617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-therapeutic use of antimicrobials in poultry production contributes to the spread of drug-resistant pathogens in both birds and humans. Antibiotics are known to enhance feed efficiency and promote the growth and weight gain of poultry. New regulatory requirements and consumer preferences have led to a reduced use of antibiotics in poultry production and to the discovery of natural alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. This interest is not only focused on the direct removal or inhibition of causative microorganisms but also on the prevention of diseases caused by enteric pathogens using a range of feed additives. A group of promising feed additives is composed of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs and MCFAs) and their derivatives. MCFAs possess antibacterial, anticoccidial, and antiviral effects. In addition, it has been proven that these acids act in synergy if they are used together with organic acids, essential oils, or probiotics. These fatty acids also benefit intestinal health integrity and homeostasis in broilers. Other effects have been documented as well, such as an increase in intestinal angiogenesis and the gene expression of tight junctions. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of SCFAs and MCFAs as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters and to summarize the current findings in the literature to show their possible benefits on production, meat quality, and gut health in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Tünde Szabó
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Gödöllő Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Mária Kovács-Weber
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Gödöllő Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zimborán
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Gödöllő Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Gödöllő Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Márta Erdélyi
- Department of Feed Toxicology, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Gödöllő Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gavrilova E, Kostenko V, Zadorina I, Khusnutdinova D, Yarullina D, Ezhkova A, Bogachev M, Kayumov A, Nikitina E. Repression of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain AG10 in Drosophila melanogaster In Vivo Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1297. [PMID: 37317271 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria exhibiting antagonistic activities against pathogenic bacteria are widely considered as potential options for the prevention and treatment of various infectious diseases and represent potential substitutes of antibiotics. Here we show that the L. plantarum AG10 strain represses the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro and diminishes their negative effects in vivo in a Drosophila melanogaster model of survival on embryonic (larvae) and pupa stages. In an agar drop diffusion test, L. plantarum AG10 exhibited antagonistic properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and repressed the growth of E. coli and S. aureus during milk fermentation. In a Drosophila melanogaster model, L. plantarum AG10 alone did not provide any significant effect, either during the embryonic stage or during further development of the flies. Despite this, it was able to restore the viability of groups infected with either E. coli and S. aureus, almost to the level of non-treated control at all stages of development (larvae, pupa and adult). Moreover, in the presence of L. plantarum AG10, pathogens-induced mutation rates and recombination events reduced 1.5-2-fold. The genome of L. plantarum AG10 was sequenced and deposited at NCBI under the accession number PRJNA953814 and consists of annotated genome and raw sequence data. It consists of 109 contigs and is 3,479,919 bp in length with a GC content of 44.5%. The analysis of the genome has revealed considerably few putative virulence factors and three genes responsible for the biosynthesis of putative antimicrobial peptides, with one of them exhibiting a high probability of antimicrobial properties. Taken together, these data allow the suggestion that the L. plantarum AG10 strain is promising for use in both dairy production and probiotics as a preservative from foodborne infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Gavrilova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Victoria Kostenko
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Iva Zadorina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dilyara Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina Yarullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Asya Ezhkova
- Department of Physiology and Patophysiology, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named after N.E. Bauman, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mikhail Bogachev
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Airat Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Nikitina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Meat and Milk Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peng X, Liu J, Li B, Wang S, Chen B, Zhang D. An Acyl Carrier Protein Gene Affects Fatty Acid Synthesis and Growth of Hermetia illucens. INSECTS 2023; 14:300. [PMID: 36975985 PMCID: PMC10052031 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an acyl carrier in fatty acid synthesis and is an important cofactor of fatty acid synthetase. Little is known about ACP in insects and how this protein may modulate the composition and storage of fatty acids. We used an RNAi-assisted strategy to study the potential function of ACP in Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). We identified a HiACP gene with a cDNA length of 501 bp and a classical conserved region of DSLD. This gene was highly expressed in the egg and late larval instars and was most abundant in the midgut and fat bodies of larvae. Injection of dsACP significantly inhibited the expression level of HiACP and further regulated the fatty acid synthesis in treated H. illucens larvae. The composition of saturated fatty acids was reduced, and the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) was increased. After interfering with HiACP, the cumulative mortality of H. illucens increased to 68.00% (p < 0.05). H. illucens growth was greatly influenced. The development duration increased to 5.5 days, the average final body weights of larvae and pupae were decreased by 44.85 mg and 14.59 mg, respectively, and the average body lengths of larvae and pupae were significantly shortened by 3.09 mm and 3.82 mm, respectively. The adult eclosion rate and the oviposition of adult females were also severely influenced. These results demonstrated that HiACP regulates fatty acid content and influences multiple biological processes of H. illucens.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li W, Fu X, Lin D, Li T, Zhang N, Huo Y, Zhu P, Guo F, Huang F. Conjugated linoleic acid alleviates glycolipid metabolic disorders by modulating intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in obese rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:1685-1698. [PMID: 36692407 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to have anti-obesity properties, the effect and mechanism of CLA in alleviating glycolipid metabolism disorders remains unclear. In this work, it was observed that rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) had lower body weight and body fat levels after 9 weeks of low-dose and high-dose CLA interventions. The results of blood biochemical indices showed that CLA significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and insulin. Additionally, high-dose CLA could restore the intestinal microbiota composition, including increasing the relative abundances of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing microbiota, such as Dubosiella, Faecalibaculum and Bifidobacterium; decreasing the relative abundances of Enterococcus and Ruminococcus_2; and increasing the content of SCFAs in feces and serum. Further analysis showed that high-dose CLA could increase the expression levels of Insr, Irs-2, Akt and Glut4 in the liver tissue of HFD-induced obese rats. Consistently, high dose of CLA could reversibly improve the downregulation of INSR, AKT, PI3K and GLUT4 protein expression caused by HFD and reverse the decline in AKT phosphorylation levels. Correlation clustering analysis with a heatmap showed that the changes in specific microbiota induced by high-dose CLA were correlated with changes in obesity-related indices and gene expression. The molecular docking analysis showed that the molecular docking of SCFAs with the IRS-2, AKT and GLUT4 proteins had high linking activity. The results supported that CLA can alleviate glycolipid metabolic imbalances associated with obesity by altering the intestinal microbiota to induce the production of SCFAs and thereby activate the INSR/IRS-2/AKT/GLUT4 pathway. This study supports CLA may be preferentially used by the intestinal microbiota of the host to promote its health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Xinyan Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Dai Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yanzi Huo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Pingping Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, FuZhou 350122, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cryptosporidium infection induced the dropping of SCFAS and dysbiosis in intestinal microbiome of Tibetan pigs. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105922. [PMID: 36462579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The infection of Cryptosporidium in pigs causes digestive system ailments, diarrhea and weight loss serving as an economic burden, especially in newborn animals. The bacterial fermentation products of short-chain fatty acids have important roles in immune function, microbiota regulation, osmotic balance and metabolism. However, till now little knowledge is available about the effect of Cryptosporidium infection on microbiota and SCFAs in plateau pigs. Hence, we performed this study to explore the response of microbiota and SCFAs in the natural infection of Cryptosporidium in Tibetan pigs. Cryptosporidium positive (infected, G) and negative samples (healthy, J) in our previous study were used for high throughputsequencing and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer analysis. Over 81 000 and 74 000 filtered sequences were detected in healthy and infected Tibetan pigs, respectively. Lower sample richness and evenness were observed in Cryptosporidium infection, as alpha diversity analysis found that chao1 (p < 0.05), faith_pd (p < 0.05), and observed_features in group G were significantly lower than pigs in group J. A total of 4 and 27 significant different phyla and genera were found between group G and J. The changed genera were Psychrobacter, Desemzia, Succiniclasticum, Treponema, Campylobacter, Atopobium, Olsenella, Pediococcus, Peptococcus, Sharpea, Desulfovibrio, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus, Anaerostipes, Turicibacter, Lactobacillus, RFN20, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, Megasphaera, Streptococcus, Blautia, Lachnospira, rc4_4, Gemmiger, Dorea, Oribacterium and Prevotella, which affected the microbiota functions with 360 abundance changed enzymes, and pathways in L1, L2 and L3 levels of KEGG. The concentration of acetic acid (p < 0.01), butyric acid (p < 0.05) and caproic acid (p < 0.01) were lower in group G. In conclusion, the present study herein uncovered that the host responses to Cryptosporidium infection in Tibetan pigs with 27 of significantly changed genera decreased SCFAs in pigs, which may provide insights in further developing novel therapy against this protozoan.
Collapse
|
11
|
Luan J, Feng X, Yang D, Yang M, Zhou J, Geng C. Effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, and nutrient digestibility under low- and high-concentrate diets. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13818. [PMID: 36864691 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dosages and types of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on rumen fermentation in vitro under low- and high-concentrate diets. For this purpose, two in vitro experiments (Exp.) were conducted. In Exp. 1, the concentrate-roughage ratio of the fermentation substrate [total mixed rations (TMR), dry matter (DM) basis] was 30:70 (low-concentrate diet), while in Exp. 2, it was 70:30 (high-concentrate diet). Three types of MCFAs with octanoic acid (C8 ), capric acid (C10 ), and lauric acid (C12 ) were added accounting for 1.5%, 6%, 9%, and 15% of the in vitro fermentation substrate weight (200 mg or 1 g, DM basis) based on control group, respectively. The results showed that the addition of MCFAs all could significantly reduce methane (CH4 ) production and the number of rumen protozoa, methanogens, and methanobrevibacter under the two diets with the dosages increased (p < 0.05). In addition, MCFAs had a certain degree of improvement on rumen fermentation and influenced in vitro digestibility under low- and high-concentrate diets, and their effects were related to the dosages and types of MCFAs. This study provided a theoretical basis for the selection of types and dosages of MCFAs in ruminants production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Luan
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chunyin Geng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo H, Li T, Zheng J, Zhang K, Qiao Z, Luo H, Zou W. Isolation, Identification, and Fermentation Medium Optimization of a Caproic Acid‑Producing Enterococcus casseliflavus Strain from Pit Mud of Chinese Strong Flavor Baijiu Ecosystem. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:563-575. [PMID: 36537057 PMCID: PMC9944964 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caproic acid is the precursor material of ethyl hexanoate, a representative flavor substance in strong flavor baijiu (SFB). Increasing the content of caproic acid in SFB helps to improve its quality. In the present study, caproic acid-producing bacteria from the pit mud of an SFB ecosystem were isolated, purified, and characterized. Strain BF-1 with the highest caproic acid yield (0.88 g/l) was selected. The morphological and molecular identification analysis showed that strain BF-1 was Enterococcus casseliflavus. The genome of E. casseliflavus BF-1 was sequenced and was found to be 2,968,377 bp in length with 3,270 open reading frames (ORFs). The caproic acid biosynthesis pathway in E. casseliflavus BF-1 was predicted based on the KAAS annotation. The virulence factors in the genome of strain BF-1 were annotated, which showed that E. casseliflavus BF-1 is safe at the genetic level. After adding essential nutrients based on the KAAS annotation, the optimum medium conditions for acid production by strain BF-1 were obtained by performing orthogonal experiments. The caproic acid yield of strain BF-1 reached 3.03 g/l, which was 3.44-fold higher than the initial yield. The optimized fer- mentation of caproic acid production by BF-1 was reported for the first time. The strain could be further used to regulate the ecosystem in baijiu production to improve its quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Tao Li
- Sichuan Vocational College of Chemical Technology, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Wuliangye Yibin Co. Ltd., Yibin, China
| | - Kaizheng Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
| | | | - Huibo Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China, Wei Zou, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hollmann I, Lingens JB, Chuppava B, Wilke V, Abd El-Wahab A, Buch J, Hankel J, Ahmed MFE, Visscher C. In vitro evaluation of sodium butyrate on the growth of three Salmonella serovars derived from pigs at a mild acidic pH value. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:937671. [PMID: 35958300 PMCID: PMC9360501 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.937671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne zoonotic diseases can be transferred into the food chain at the stage of livestock farming. As an emerging public health challenge, practicable reduction measures in porcine health management for Salmonella are constantly being investigated. This in vitro study aimed to determine the influence of six different sodium butyrate (SB) concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mM) on the growth of three different Salmonella enterica serovars at a constant pH value of 6.0, corresponding to conditions in the pig's hindgut. S. Derby and S. Typhimurium, isolated from a pig farm, and S. Typhimurium DSM 19587, which served as control, were used. Broth microdilution assay was applied to record Salmonella growth in the presence of different SB-concentrations over six different incubation periods (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h). Results were quantified in the log colony-forming units (log10 CFU/mL). For 1 h incubation, the addition of SB showed no significant differences in the range of initial Salmonella dose of about 5.7 log10 between concentrations (0-80 mM, 5.26 ± 0.10-5.60 ± 0.07 log10, p > 0.05). After 6 h, for SB addition, the range of Salmonella counts was significantly lower compared to no addition of SB (5-80 mM, p < 0.05), 6.78 ± 0.84-7.90 ± 0.10 log10 for 5 mM, and 7.53 ± 0.04-8.71 ± 0.22 log10 for 0 mM. Moreover, for SB concentrations of 40 and 80 mM, no difference in the range of Salmonella counts over 6 h was obtained (5.23 ± 0.11-5.38 ± 0.05 log10, p > 0.05), and minor Salmonella growth was recorded at the earliest after 24 h incubation. Growth rates for varying SB concentrations and incubation times were confirmed in a similar manner for the three serovars. Obtained results suggest that increasing SB concentrations suppress Salmonella growth for concentrations of 5-20 mM over a 6 h incubation period and for 40 and 80 mM over a 24 h incubation period. When transferring these in vitro findings to the porcine organism, it may be assumed that Salmonella reduction can be achieved by increased butyrate content in the chyme of the large intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Hollmann
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Berend Lingens
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Juhle Buch
- AniCon Labor GmbH, Höltinghausen, Germany
| | - Julia Hankel
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marwa F. E. Ahmed
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Villoslada-Blanco P, Pérez-Matute P, Íñiguez M, Recio-Fernández E, Blanco-Navarrete P, Metola L, Ibarra V, Alba J, de Toro M, Oteo JA. Integrase Inhibitors Partially Restore Bacterial Translocation, Inflammation and Gut Permeability Induced by HIV Infection: Impact on Gut Microbiota. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1541-1557. [PMID: 35618952 PMCID: PMC9334516 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can be considered a chronic disease thanks to the extended use of antiretroviral treatment (ART). In this context, low-grade chronic inflammation related to gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and bacterial translocation (BT) among other factors has been observed despite the use of ART. In addition, different ART regimens have demonstrated differential impacts on GM. However, the role of novel integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of INSTIs in first-line of treatment on markers of BT, inflammation, cardiovascular risk, gut permeability and GM composition and derived short-chain fatty acids. Methods Twenty-six non-HIV-infected volunteers and 30 HIV-infected patients (15 naïve and 15 under INSTIs regimen) were recruited. Blood samples were extracted to analyse biochemical parameters and markers of BT, inflammation, cardiovascular risk, gut permeability and bacterial metabolism. GM composition was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Our results showed that HIV infection increased BT, inflammation, cardiovascular risk and gut permeability, whereas INSTIs counteracted these effects. Regarding GM, the reduction in bacterial richness induced by HIV infection was restored by INSTIs. Beta diversity revealed that HIV-infected people were separated from the control group independently of treatment. Conclusions Current antiretroviral regimens based on INSTIs are able to reverse the impact of HIV infection on BT, systemic inflammation, gut permeability and bacterial diversity/richness, reaching similar levels to those observed in an uninfected/control population. These results suggest a protective role of INSTIs in disease progression, subsequent immune activation and in the development of future age-related complications such as cardiovascular events. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-022-00654-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Villoslada-Blanco
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit. Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Matute
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit. Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - María Íñiguez
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit. Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Emma Recio-Fernández
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit. Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | | | - Luis Metola
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Valvanera Ibarra
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jorge Alba
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Platform, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - José A Oteo
- Infectious Diseases, Microbiota and Metabolism Unit. Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yuan S, Jin Z, Ali A, Wang C, Liu J. Caproic Acid-Producing Bacteria in Chinese Baijiu Brewing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:883142. [PMID: 35602080 PMCID: PMC9114508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.883142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caproic acid can be used as spices, preservatives, animal feed additives, and biofuels. At the same time, caproic acid plays an important role in Chinese Baijiu. It is the precursor substance for the synthesis of ethyl caproate, which directly affects the quality of Chinese Baijiu. Caproic acid-producing bacteria are the main microorganisms that synthesize caproic acid in Chinese Baijiu, and the most common strain is Clostridium kluyveri. Caproic acid-producing bacteria synthesize n-caproic acid through reverse β-oxidation to extend the carboxylic acid chain. This method mainly uses ethanol and lactic acid as substrates. Ethanol and lactic acid are converted into acetyl-CoA, and acetyl-CoA undergoes a series of condensation, dehydrogenation, dehydration, and reduction to extend the carboxylic acid chain. This review addresses the important issues of caproic acid-producing bacteria in the brewing process of Baijiu: the common caproic acid-producing bacteria that have been reported metabolic pathways, factors affecting acid production, biological competition pathways, and the effect of mixed bacteria fermentation on acid production. It is hoped that this will provide new ideas for the study of caproic acid-producing bacteria in Chinese Baijiu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yuan
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China.,Luzhou Laojiao Group Co. Ltd., Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Biotechnology and Application of Sichuan Province, Yibin, China
| | - Ziyang Jin
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Ayaz Ali
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China.,Wuliangye Group Co. Ltd., Yibin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Biotechnology and Application of Sichuan Province, Yibin, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vellano IHB, Milbradt EL, Polizel DM, Oro C, Paz IC, Padovani CR, Gross L, Silva TM, Hataka A, Filho RLA. Comparison of microbiological, pathological and zootechnical aspects between broiler chickens and turkeys challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
17
|
Kumar A, Toghyani M, Kheravii SK, Pineda L, Han Y, Swick RA, Wu SB. Organic acid blends improve intestinal integrity, modulate short-chain fatty acids profiles and alter microbiota of broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:82-90. [PMID: 34977378 PMCID: PMC8669248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Controlling enteric diseases of broilers is crucial. Among many additives, organic acids (OA) and their blends are gaining attention to combat diseases in the post-antibiotic era. The current study evaluated the potentials of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) blends and/or phenolic compounds on intestinal integrity, intestinal pH, caecal microbiota, and caecal SCFA profiles of broilers under necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge. The additives used were: (A) a blend of SCFA, MCFA, and a phenolic compound (SMP), (B) a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA (SMF), and (C) a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA (SHM). A total of 1,404 male parental chicks of Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 78 floor pens on hatching day with 6 treatments replicated 13 times with 18 birds per pen. The treatments were: UCC, unchallenged control; CHC, challenged control; BAC, challenged group plus zinc bacitracin; SMP, challenged group plus additive SMP; SMF, challenged group plus additive SMF; SHM, challenged group plus additive SHM. Birds were challenged with field-strain Eimeria spp. on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14. Birds challenged with NE increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) concentration in serum, reduced acetate and butyrate concentrations, and increased Bacteroides and C. perfringens load in the caeca (P < 0.05). Birds fed additives decreased FITC-d from gut to serum, reduced Bacteroides (d 16, P < 0.05) and numerically reduced C. perfringens load compared to CHC group. Birds fed additive SHM had higher concentrations of acetate and butyrate (d 21, P < 0.05) than CHC group but were not different from SMP and SMF groups. All the additives exhibited similar intestinal protection against NE compared to the BAC group indicated by FITC-d concentration in serum, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations in the caeca, and caecal bacterial loads except for the C. perfringens (P > 0.05). The SMP group had a higher load compared to BAC (P < 0.05). These findings suggest the promising effects of OA blends as alternatives to BAC to ameliorate the impact of NE challenge of broilers as indicated by improved intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alip Kumar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Mehdi Toghyani
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Sarbast K. Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Lane Pineda
- Trouw Nutrition R & D, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R & D, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kimminau E, Karnezos T, Berghaus R, Jones M, Baxter J, Hofacre C. Addition of medium chain fatty acid blend impacts Salmonella enteritidis infection in layer hens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
19
|
Auddy I, Maurikaa CS, Hariharan N, Manoj D, Nimbkar S, Shanmugasundaram S. Development of amperometric enzyme‐based biosensor to evaluate the adulteration in virgin coconut oil. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Auddy
- Planning and Monitoring Cell Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology Thanjavur India
| | - C. S. Maurikaa
- Planning and Monitoring Cell Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology Thanjavur India
| | - N. Hariharan
- Planning and Monitoring Cell Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology Thanjavur India
| | - D. Manoj
- Planning and Monitoring Cell Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology Thanjavur India
| | - Shubham Nimbkar
- Planning and Monitoring Cell Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology Thanjavur India
| | - S. Shanmugasundaram
- Planning and Monitoring Cell Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology Thanjavur India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gomez-Osorio LM, Yepes-Medina V, Ballou A, Parini M, Angel R. Short and Medium Chain Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as a Natural Strategy in the Control of Necrotic Enteritis and Microbial Homeostasis in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:773372. [PMID: 34970616 PMCID: PMC8712453 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.773372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) has historically been the most important prophylactic strategy for the control of Necrotic Enteritis (NE) caused by some Clostridium perfringens toxin types in poultry. During the last five decades, AGPs have also been supplemented in feed to improve body weight gain and feed efficiency as well as to modulate the microbiome (consisting of microbes and their genes both beneficial and potentially harmful) and reduce enteric pathogens, among other benefits. New regulatory requirements and consumer preferences have led to strong interest in natural alternatives to the AGPs for the prevention and control of illnesses caused by enteric pathogens. This interest is not just focused on the direct removal or inhibition of the causative microorganisms but also the improvement of intestinal health and homeostasis using a range of feed additives. A group of promising feed additives is short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFA and MCFA, respectively) and their derivatives. The use of SCFA and MCFA, including butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids, has shown strong effects against NE in broilers both at experimental and commercial levels. These fatty acids also benefit intestinal health integrity and homeostasis. Other effects have also been documented, including increases in intestinal angiogenesis and gene expression of tight junctions. Chemical modifications to improve stability and point of release in the intestine have been shown to improve the efficacy of SCFA and MCFA and their derivatives. The aim of this review is to give an overview of SCFA, MCFA and their derivatives, as an alternative to replace AGPs to control the incidence and severity of NE in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Ballou
- Iluma Innovation Labs, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Roselina Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Agnihotri S, Yin DM, Mahboubi A, Sapmaz T, Varjani S, Qiao W, Koseoglu-Imer DY, Taherzadeh MJ. A Glimpse of the World of Volatile Fatty Acids Production and Application: A review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1249-1275. [PMID: 34738864 PMCID: PMC8805862 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable provision of chemicals and materials is undoubtedly a defining factor in guaranteeing economic, environmental, and social stability of future societies. Among the most sought-after chemical building blocks are volatile fatty acids (VFAs). VFAs such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids have numerous industrial applications supporting from food and pharmaceuticals industries to wastewater treatment. The fact that VFAs can be produced synthetically from petrochemical derivatives and also through biological routes, for example, anaerobic digestion of organic mixed waste highlights their provision flexibility and sustainability. In this regard, this review presents a detailed overview of the applications associated with petrochemically and biologically generated VFAs, individually or in mixture, in industrial and laboratory scale, conventional and novel applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Agnihotri
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Tugba Sapmaz
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Wei Qiao
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Derya Y. Koseoglu-Imer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Peng H, Ouyang L, Li D, Li Z, Yuan L, Fan L, Liao A, Li J, Wei Y, Yang Z, Ma X, Chen X, He Y. Short-chain fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia and ultra-high risk population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:977538. [PMID: 36578297 PMCID: PMC9790925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who experience the prodromal phase of schizophrenia (SCZ), a common and complex psychiatric disorder, are referred to as ultra-high-risk (UHR) individuals. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is imperative in the microbiota-gut-brain axis and brain function. Accumulating amount of evidence shows the connections between psychiatric disorders and SCFAs. This study aims to explore the underlying roles SCFAs play in SCZ by investigating the association of alterations in SCFAs concentrations with common cognitive functions in both the SCZ and UHR populations. METHODS The study recruited 59 SCZ patients (including 15 participants converted from the UHR group), 51 UHR participants, and 40 healthy controls (HC) within a complete follow-up of 2 years. Results of cognitive functions, which were assessed by utilizing HVLT-R and TMT, and serum concentrations of SCFAs were obtained for all participants and for UHR individuals at the time of their conversion to SCZ. RESULTS Fifteen UHR participants converted to SCZ within a 2-year follow-up. Valeric acid concentration levels were lower in both the baseline of UHR individuals whom later converted to SCZ (p = 0.046) and SCZ patients (p = 0.036) than the HC group. Additionally, there were lower concentrations of caproic acid in the baseline of UHR individuals whom later transitioned to SCZ (p = 0.019) and the UHR group (p = 0.016) than the HC group. Furthermore, the caproic acid levels in the UHR group are significantly positively correlated with immediate memory (r = 0.355, p = 0.011) and negatively correlated with TMT-B (r = -0.366, p = 0.009). Significant differences in levels of acetic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid were absent among the three groups and in UHR individuals before and after transition to SCZ. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that alterations in concentrations of SCFAs may be associated with the pathogenesis and the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. Further researches are warranted to explore this association. The clinical implications of our findings were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aijun Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yisen Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ferreira TS, Ravetti R, Rubio MS, Alves LBR, Saraiva MMS, Benevides VP, Lima TS, Lima BN, Almeida AM, Berchieri Jr A. Inclusion of Organic Acids in the Drinking Water and Feed for the Control of Salmonella Heidelberg in Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TS Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - R Ravetti
- Salmix Indústria e Comércio Ltda, Brazil
| | - MS Rubio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - LBR Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - MMS Saraiva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - VP Benevides
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - TS Lima
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - BN Lima
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - AM Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - A Berchieri Jr
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu C, Wang B, Zhou J. Mechanistic basis and preliminary practice of butyric acid and butyrate sodium to mitigate gut inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Nutr Res 2021; 95:1-18. [PMID: 34757305 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A key event featured in the early stage of chronic gut inflammatory diseases is the disordered recruitment and excess accumulation of immune cells in the gut lamina propria. This process is followed by the over-secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and the prolonged overactive inflammatory responses. Growing evidence has suggested that gut inflammatory diseases may be mitigated by butyric acid (BA) or butyrate sodium (NaB). Laboratory studies show that BA and NaB can enhance gut innate immune function through G-protein-mediated signaling pathways while mitigating the overactive inflammatory responses by inhibiting histone deacetylase. The regulatory effects may occur in both epithelial enterocytes and the immune cells in the lamina propria. Prior to further clinical trials, comprehensive literature reviews and rigid examination concerning the underlying mechanism are necessary. To this end, we collected and reviewed 197 published reports regarding the mechanisms, bioactivities, and clinical effects of BA and NaB to modulate gut inflammatory diseases. Our review found insufficient evidence to guarantee the safety of clinical practice of BA and NaB, either by anal enema or oral administration of capsule or tablet. The safety of clinical use of BA and NaB should be further evaluated. Alternatively, dietary patterns rich in "fruits, vegetables and beans" may be an effective and safe approach to prevent gut inflammatory disease, which elevates gut microbiota-dependent production of BA. Our review provides a comprehensive reference to future clinical trials of BA and NaB to treat gut inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Xianqi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sánchez-Alcoholado L, Laborda-Illanes A, Otero A, Ordóñez R, González-González A, Plaza-Andrades I, Ramos-Molina B, Gómez-Millán J, Queipo-Ortuño MI. Relationships of Gut Microbiota Composition, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyamines with the Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9549. [PMID: 34502456 PMCID: PMC8430739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may influence the drug efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients during cancer treatment by modulating drug metabolism and the host immune response. Moreover, gut microbiota can produce metabolites that may influence tumor proliferation and therapy responsiveness. In this study we have investigated the potential contribution of the gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and polyamines to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) outcome in CRC patients. First, we established a profile for healthy gut microbiota by comparing the microbial diversity and composition between CRC patients and healthy controls. Second, our metagenomic analysis revealed that the gut microbiota composition of CRC patients was relatively stable over treatment time with neoadjuvant RCT. Nevertheless, treated patients who achieved clinical benefits from RTC (responders, R) had significantly higher microbial diversity and richness compared to non-responder patients (NR). Importantly, the fecal microbiota of the R was enriched in butyrate-producing bacteria and had significantly higher levels of acetic, butyric, isobutyric, and hexanoic acids than NR. In addition, NR patients exhibited higher serum levels of spermine and acetyl polyamines (oncometabolites related to CRC) as well as zonulin (gut permeability marker), and their gut microbiota was abundant in pro-inflammatory species. Finally, we identified a baseline consortium of five bacterial species that could potentially predict CRC treatment outcome. Overall, our results suggest that the gut microbiota may have an important role in the response to cancer therapies in CRC patients.
Collapse
Grants
- CPI13/00003 Miguel Servet Type II" program, ISCIII, Spain; co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER
- C-0030-2018 "Nicolas Monardes" research program of the Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
- CP19/00098 Miguel Servet Type I" program, ISCIII, Spain; co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER
- PE-0106-2019 Predoctoral grant from the Consejería de Salud y Familia, co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER, Andalucia, Spain
- FI19-00112 predoctoral grant PFIS-ISCIII, co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
- PI15/00256 Institute of Health "Carlos III" (ISCIII), co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| | - Aurora Laborda-Illanes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| | - Ana Otero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Rafael Ordóñez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Alicia González-González
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| | - Isaac Plaza-Andrades
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Grupo de Obesidad y Metabolismo, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jaime Gómez-Millán
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kubasova T, Seidlerova Z, Rychlik I. Ecological Adaptations of Gut Microbiota Members and Their Consequences for Use as a New Generation of Probiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5471. [PMID: 34067354 PMCID: PMC8196900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we link ecological adaptations of different gut microbiota members with their potential for use as a new generation of probiotics. Gut microbiota members differ in their adaptations to survival in aerobic environments. Interestingly, there is an inverse relationship between aerobic survival and abundance or potential for prolonged colonization of the intestinal tract. Facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant Lactobacilli and endospore-forming Firmicutes exhibit high fluctuation, and if such bacteria are to be used as probiotics, they must be continuously administered to mimic their permanent supply from the environment. On the other hand, species not expressing any form of aerobic resistance, such as those from phylum Bacteroidetes, commonly represent host-adapted microbiota members characterized by vertical transmission from mothers to offspring, capable of long-term colonization following a single dose administration. To achieve maximal probiotic efficacy, the mode of their administration should thus reflect their natural ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
El-Far M, Durand M, Turcotte I, Larouche-Anctil E, Sylla M, Zaidan S, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Bunet R, Ramani H, Sadouni M, Boldeanu I, Chamberland A, Lesage S, Baril JG, Trottier B, Thomas R, Gonzalez E, Filali-Mouhim A, Goulet JP, Martinson JA, Kassaye S, Karim R, Kizer JR, French AL, Gange SJ, Ancuta P, Routy JP, Hanna DB, Kaplan RC, Chomont N, Landay AL, Tremblay CL. Upregulated IL-32 Expression And Reduced Gut Short Chain Fatty Acid Caproic Acid in People Living With HIV With Subclinical Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664371. [PMID: 33936102 PMCID: PMC8083984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) are still at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that are mediated by chronic inflammation. Identification of novel inflammatory mediators with the inherent potential to be used as CVD biomarkers and also as therapeutic targets is critically needed for better risk stratification and disease management in PLWH. Here, we investigated the expression and potential role of the multi-isoform proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 in subclinical atherosclerosis in PLWH (n=49 with subclinical atherosclerosis and n=30 without) and HIV- controls (n=25 with subclinical atherosclerosis and n=24 without). While expression of all tested IL-32 isoforms (α, β, γ, D, ϵ, and θ) was significantly higher in peripheral blood from PLWH compared to HIV- controls, IL-32D and IL-32θ isoforms were further upregulated in HIV+ individuals with coronary artery atherosclerosis compared to their counterparts without. Upregulation of these two isoforms was associated with increased plasma levels of IL-18 and IL-1β and downregulation of the atheroprotective protein TRAIL, which together composed a unique atherosclerotic inflammatory signature specific for PLWH compared to HIV- controls. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that modulation of these inflammatory variables was independent of age, smoking, and statin treatment. Furthermore, our in vitro functional data linked IL-32 to macrophage activation and production of IL-18 and downregulation of TRAIL, a mechanism previously shown to be associated with impaired cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis. Finally, increased expression of IL-32 isoforms in PLWH with subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with altered gut microbiome (increased pathogenic bacteria; Rothia and Eggerthella species) and lower abundance of the gut metabolite short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) caproic acid, measured in fecal samples from the study participants. Importantly, caproic acid diminished the production of IL-32, IL-18, and IL-1β in human PBMCs in response to bacterial LPS stimulation. In conclusion, our studies identified an HIV-specific atherosclerotic inflammatory signature including specific IL-32 isoforms, which is regulated by the SCFA caproic acid and that may lead to new potential therapies to prevent CVD in ART-treated PLWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Far
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Madeleine Durand
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Turcotte
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mohamed Sylla
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Zaidan
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Radiologie, Radio-oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Bunet
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hardik Ramani
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manel Sadouni
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Boldeanu
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Chamberland
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Guy Baril
- Centre de médecine urbaine du Quartier latin, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Trottier
- Centre de médecine urbaine du Quartier latin, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Department of Human Genetics, Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Microbiome Platform Research, McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey A Martinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Roksana Karim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Audrey L French
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago IL, United States
| | - Stephen J Gange
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Divsion of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cécile L Tremblay
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM)-Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chang HM, Foo HL, Loh TC, Lim ETC, Abdul Mutalib NE. Comparative Studies of Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities, and Organic Acids Compositions of Postbiotics Produced by Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated From Malaysian Foods. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:602280. [PMID: 33575277 PMCID: PMC7870707 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.602280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite inflammation being a protective natural defense against imbalance stressors in the body, chronic inflammation could lead to the deterioration of immune response, low production, and poor performance in livestock as well as severe economic losses to the farmers. Postbiotics produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been reported recently to be a natural source of antioxidant, promoting growth performance, anti-inflammation, and immune responses. However, the effects of fermentation media on the compositions of L. plantarum postbiotic have not been reported elsewhere. Hence, a comparative study was conducted to compare the volatile compounds, organic acid composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of postbiotics produced by six strains of L. plantarum cultivated by using formulated media and the commercial de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium as a control. Postbiotics RG14, RI11, and UL4 produced by using formulated media exhibited higher inhibitory activity against Pediococcus acidilactici 446, Escherichia coli E-30, Salmonella enterica CS3, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci except for Listeria monocytogenes LS55. As for the antioxidant activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was enhanced in formulated media, whereas reducing power activity was the highest in postbiotic RI11. Three organic acids, namely, acetic acid, caproic acid, and lactic acid, were detected in the postbiotic produced by various L. plantarum strains. The concentration of acetic acid was influenced by the fermentation media, whereas caproic acid was detected as the highest in postbiotic RG11. Lactic acid was the predominant compound detected in all the postbiotics and had the significantly highest concentration in postbiotic RS5 when produced by using the MRS medium. Intermediary and pyrrole compounds were the other main compounds that were detected by using GC-MS. Positive correlations were found between organic acid production and inhibitory activity, as well as antioxidant activity exhibited by postbiotics. In conclusion, the compositions and functional characteristics of postbiotics produced by the six strains of L. plantarum were strain-dependent and affected greatly by the fermentation medium. The effects of postbiotic composition on the functional characteristics of postbiotics were elucidated in this study to warrant their applications as a promising beneficial natural growth promoter for the livestock industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eric Teik Chung Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Elina Abdul Mutalib
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute (ABI), National Institute Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sreevallabhan S, Mohanan R, Jose SP, Sukumaran S, Jagmag T, Tilwani J, Kulkarni A. Hepatoprotective effect of essential phospholipids enriched with virgin coconut oil (Phoscoliv) on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13606. [PMID: 33458835 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of liver disease is increasing year by year and it is recognized as a main health burden across the world. Nowadays, dietary nutraceuticals are found to be very effective in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. The virgin coconut oil and phosphatidylcholine are found to have a wide range of therapeutic efficacy and the most important among them is its hepatoprotective activity. In the present study, we had evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of the novel formulation with the combination of these two which is named as Phoscoliv. For the study, adult Wistar rats were grouped into Normal control, Paracetamol-treated, and Paracetamol along with Phoscoliv-treated group. In order to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the drug, various parameters were analyzed. Data obtained from the study showed that Phoscoliv supplementation were found to significantly boost up the antioxidant status by enhancing the SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH level and thereby inhibit the generation of ROS and also blocked lipid peroxidation, which was confirmed by the reduced level of TBARS. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also decreased, which was eventually helped to maintain the normal architecture of the liver. Thus, from the overall result of this study reveals that Phoscoliv can be effectively used as a potent and safe hepatoprotective medicine. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The over or unwanted usage of synthetic medicine is a serious problem because it can cause so many adverse health effects. Liver-related disorders are the major side effects of these drugs. Food habits of ancient people dictate that there is no other better medicine than a good food. So, treating a disease with a food or compounds derived from a food item will be more effective. Virgin coconut oil is a type of natural and organic oil, which has the capability of maintaining the body in a healthy state. Likewise, phosphatidylcholines are very important phospholipid nutrients necessary to keep the cells healthy. Both these have the potential to protect and prevent the liver damages. Therefore, the combination of these two can exhibit profound hepatoprotective activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratheesh Mohanan
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, India
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, India
| | - Sandya Sukumaran
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sureshkumar S, Park JH, Kim IH. Effects of the Inclusion of Dietary Organic Acid Supplementation with Anti-Coccidium Vaccine on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Fecal Microbial, and Chicken Fecal Noxious Gas Emissions. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - JH Park
- Dankook University, Republic of Korea
| | - IH Kim
- Dankook University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gupta A, Bansal M, Wagle B, Sun X, Rath N, Donoghue A, Upadhyay A. Sodium Butyrate Reduces Salmonella Enteritidis Infection of Chicken Enterocytes and Expression of Inflammatory Host Genes in vitro. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:553670. [PMID: 33042060 PMCID: PMC7524895 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.553670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that colonizes the chicken gut leading to contamination of carcasses during processing. A reduction in intestinal colonization by SE could result in reduced carcass contamination thereby reducing the risk of illnesses in humans. Short chain fatty acids such as butyrate are microbial metabolites produced in the gut that exert various beneficial effects. However, its effect on SE colonization is not well known. The present study investigated the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations (SICs) of sodium butyrate on the adhesion and invasion of SE in primary chicken enterocytes and chicken macrophages. In addition, the effect of sodium butyrate on the expression of SE virulence genes and selected inflammatory genes in chicken macrophages challenged with SE were investigated. Based on the growth curve analysis, the two SICs of sodium butyrate that did not reduce SE growth were 22 and 45 mM, respectively. The SICs of sodium butyrate did not affect the viability and proliferation of chicken enterocytes and macrophage cells. The SICs of sodium butyrate reduced SE adhesion by ∼1.7 and 1.8 Log CFU/mL, respectively. The SE invasion was reduced by ∼2 and 2.93 Log CFU/mL, respectively in chicken enterocytes (P < 0.05). Sodium butyrate did not significantly affect the adhesion of SE to chicken macrophages. However, 45 mM sodium butyrate reduced invasion by ∼1.7 Log CFU/mL as compared to control (P < 0.05). Exposure to sodium butyrate did not change the expression of SE genes associated with motility (flgG, prot6E), invasion (invH), type 3 secretion system (sipB, pipB), survival in macrophages (spvB, mgtC), cell wall and membrane integrity (tatA), efflux pump regulator (mrr1) and global virulence regulation (lrp) (P > 0.05). However, a few genes contributing to type-3 secretion system (ssaV, sipA), adherence (sopB), macrophage survival (sodC) and oxidative stress (rpoS) were upregulated by at least twofold. The expression of inflammatory genes (Il1β, Il8, and Mmp9) that are triggered by SE for host colonization was significantly downregulated (at least 25-fold) by sodium butyrate as compared to SE (P < 0.05). The results suggest that sodium butyrate has an anti-inflammatory potential to reduce SE colonization in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gupta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Mohit Bansal
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Basanta Wagle
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Narayan Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Annie Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dhakal J, Aldrich CG. Use of Medium Chain Fatty Acids To Mitigate Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) on Dry Pet Food Kibbles. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1505-1511. [PMID: 32311732 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) against Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) when used on dry dog food kibbles. The MIC of three MCFAs, caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), and capric (C10), was determined using the broth micro- and macrodilution assay technique. Using canola oil as a fat coating, the efficacy of each MCFA was then tested on dry dog food kibbles at 37°C for up to 5 h. The MIC was found to be 0.3125, 0.3125, and 0.625% for C6, C8, and C10, respectively. When the MCFAs were tested on fat-coated dry kibbles, all three MCFAs reduced (P ≤ 0.05) Salmonella levels by >4.5 log after 5 h when the Salmonella recovery from a no-treatment control was ∼6.4 log. At each evaluation time point, the three treatments were effective in reducing (P ≤ 0.05) Salmonella loads. No countable colonies of Salmonella were detected at 4 h when the combination of C6+C8 was used on the kibbles (P ≤ 0.05), whereas with the C6+C10 combination, the Salmonella colonies were not detectable between 2 and 4 h after treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Different combinations of C8 and C10 caused Salmonella to drop to a nondetectable limit (1 CFU/g) between 1 and 5 h after treatment (P ≤ 0.05). This study suggests that the use of MCFAs during kibble coating may mitigate postprocessing Salmonella recontamination on dry dog food kibbles. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janak Dhakal
- Department of Grain Science & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2369-387X [J.D.])
| | - Charles G Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Silva CADME, Rojony R, Bermudez LE, Danelishvili L. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Promote Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis Growth in Nutrient-Limited Environments and Influence Susceptibility to Antibiotics. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090700. [PMID: 32859077 PMCID: PMC7559849 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is a common intracellular pathogen that infects immunocompromised individuals and patients with pre-existing chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, who develop chronic and persistent pulmonary infections. The metabolic remodeling of MAH in response to host environmental stresses or within biofilms formed in bronchial airways plays an important role in development of the persistence phenotype contributing to the pathogen’s tolerance to antibiotic treatment. Recent studies suggest a direct relationship between bacterial metabolic state and antimicrobial susceptibility, and improved antibiotic efficacy has been associated with the enhanced metabolism in bacteria. In the current study, we tested approximately 200 exogenous carbon source-dependent metabolites and identified short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) substrates (propionic, butyric and caproic acids) that MAH can utilize in different physiological states. Selected SCFA enhanced MAH metabolic activity in planktonic and sessile states as well as in the static and established biofilms during nutrient-limited condition. The increased bacterial growth was observed in all conditions except in established biofilms. We also evaluated the influence of SCFA on MAH susceptibility to clinically used antibiotics in established biofilms and during infection of macrophages and found significant reduction in viable bacterial counts in vitro and in cultured macrophages, suggesting improved antibiotic effectiveness against persistent forms of MAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Adriano de Matos e Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.A.d.M.e.S.); (R.R.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Rajoana Rojony
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.A.d.M.e.S.); (R.R.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Luiz E. Bermudez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.A.d.M.e.S.); (R.R.); (L.E.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lia Danelishvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.A.d.M.e.S.); (R.R.); (L.E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(541)-737-6544; Fax: +1-(541)-737-2730
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Çenesiz AA, Çiftci İ. Modulatory effects of medium chain fatty acids in poultry nutrition and health. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1739595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Çenesiz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İ. Çiftci
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ren C, Wang Y, Lin X, Song H, Zhou Q, Xu W, Shi K, Chen J, Song J, Chen F, Zhang S, Guan W. A Combination of Formic Acid and Monolaurin Attenuates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Piglets by Inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK Pathways with Modulation of Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4155-4165. [PMID: 32202779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the potential of formic acid plus monolaurin (FA + ML) as an alternative to antibiotics in diet when piglets are challenged with ETEC. Piglets fed the FA + ML diet had lower fecal score and rectal temperature after the ETEC challenge. In addition, FA + ML supplementation induced lower plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentration postchallenge, downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TLR4 in the ileum and TLR4 and CFTR in the jejunum. Phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and MAPK p38 were reduced in the ileum of piglets fed FA + ML diet. Supplementation of FA + ML increased the relative abundance of genera Lactobacillus especially Lactobacillus amylovorus species and decreased the genus abundances of Actinobacillus, unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxella. Collectively, the combination of formic acid and monolaurin in diets have the potential to be an antibiotic alternative to mitigate inflammatory response in piglets challenged with ETEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yijiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hanqing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiqi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kui Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junshuai Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
López-Colom P, Castillejos L, Rodríguez-Sorrento A, Puyalto M, Mallo JJ, Martín-Orúe SM. Efficacy of medium-chain fatty acid salts distilled from coconut oil against two enteric pathogen challenges in weanling piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 31728192 PMCID: PMC6842466 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for alternatives to antibiotics in pig production has increased the interest in natural resources with antimicrobial properties, such as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) as in-feed additives. This study evaluated the potential of a novel blend of MCFA salts (DIC) from distilled coconut oil with a lauric acid content to reduce enteropathogens and control intestinal diseases around weaning. Two experimental disease models were implemented in early-weaned piglets, consisting of two oral challenges: Salmonella Typhimurium (1.2 × 108 CFU) or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 (1.5 × 109 CFU). The parameters assessed were: animal performance, clinical signs, pathogen excretion, intestinal fermentation, immune-inflammatory response, and intestinal morphology. RESULTS The Salmonella challenge promoted an acute course of diarrhea, with most of the parameters responding to the challenge, whereas the ETEC F4 challenge promoted a mild clinical course. A consistent antipathogenic effect of DIC was observed in both trials in the hindgut, with reductions in Salmonella spp. plate counts in the cecum (P = 0.03) on d 8 post-inoculation (PI) (Salmonella trial), and of enterobacteria and total coliform counts in the ileum and colon (P < 0.10) on d 8 PI (ETEC F4 trial). When analyzing the entire colonic microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing), this additive tended (P = 0.13) to reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enriched Fibrobacteres after the Salmonella challenge. In the ETEC F4 challenge, DIC prompted structural changes in the ecosystem with increases in Dialister, and a trend (P = 0.14) to increase the Veillonellaceae family. Other parameters such as the intestinal fermentation products or serum pro-inflammatory mediators were not modified by DIC supplementation, nor were the histological parameters. Only the intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts were lowered by DIC in animals challenged with Salmonella (P = 0.07). With ETEC F4, the IEL counts were higher with DIC on d 8 PI (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the potential activity of this MCFA salts mixture to reduce intestinal colonization by opportunistic pathogens such as Salmonella or E. coli and its ability to modulate colonic microbiota. These changes could explain to some extent the local immune cell response at the ileal level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola López-Colom
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana María Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang WJ, Su WW, Li PB, Rao HY, Lin QW, Zeng X, Chen TB, Yan ZH, Liu H, Yao HL. Naoxintong Capsule Inhibits the Development of Cardiovascular Pathological Changes in Bama Minipig Through Improving Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1128. [PMID: 31632272 PMCID: PMC6785636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naoxintong capsule (NXT), a Chinese medicine, has performed excellent effects on the prevention and treatment against cardiovascular diseases. NXT is a fine powder mixture without any herb extraction, and there must be lots of ingredients hard to be absorbed. However, little is known about the correlation between the NXT’s cardioprotective effects and gut microbiota. Herein, we report the effect of NXT on the development of cardiovascular diseases and clarify the correlation between NXT’s cardioprotective effects and gut microbiota. In the current study, minipigs were selected and fed with high-fat diet and NXT daily for successive 8 months. During the process, up to 18 biomedical parameters were monthly determined to observe the dynamic changes after NXT treatment. At the end of experimental process, pathological examinations of heart, coronary artery, carotid artery, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta were conducted by HE staining and 16SrDNA sequencing, and analyzing of gut microbiota were conducted. Our results showed that NXT’s effects against cardiovascular diseases were through regulating blood lipid profiles, inhibiting vascular inflammation, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and alleviating myocardial injury, without damages on liver and kidney particularly. Concurrently, we also found that long-term administration of NXT increased the diversity of gut microbiota, influenced the microbiome structure and composition stably, and revered the increase of the ratio of the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) in relative abundance. Specifically, our results revealed some key bacterium of Caproiciproducens (enhanced), Sutterella (enhanced), Erysipelotrichaceae (enhanced), and Romboutsia (decreased) that were closely involved in NXT’s effects. Taken together, our study demonstrates that NXT can inhibit the development of cardiovascular diseases by ameliorating high-fat diet–induced metabolic disorders and partly through improving gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Pei-Bo Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Rao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Wei Lin
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Hao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Liang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Drug Synthesis and Evaluation Center, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Ahmed S, Busetti A, Fotiadou P, Vincy Jose N, Reid S, Georgieva M, Brown S, Dunbar H, Beurket-Ascencio G, Delday MI, Ettorre A, Mulder IE. In vitro Characterization of Gut Microbiota-Derived Bacterial Strains With Neuroprotective Properties. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:402. [PMID: 31619962 PMCID: PMC6763572 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling, incurable, and progressive conditions characterized by neuronal loss and decreased cognitive function. Changes in gut microbiome composition have been linked to a number of neurodegenerative diseases, indicating a role for the gut-brain axis. Here, we show how specific gut-derived bacterial strains can modulate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in vitro through the production of specific metabolites and discuss the potential therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders. A panel of fifty gut bacterial strains was screened for their ability to reduce pro-inflammatory IL-6 secretion in U373 glioblastoma astrocytoma cells. Parabacteroides distasonis MRx0005 and Megasphaera massiliensis MRx0029 had the strongest capacity to reduce IL-6 secretion in vitro. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and both bacterial strains displayed intrinsic antioxidant capacity. While MRx0005 showed a general antioxidant activity on different brain cell lines, MRx0029 only protected differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from chemically induced oxidative stress. MRx0029 also induced a mature phenotype in undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells through upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2. Interestingly, short-chain fatty acid analysis revealed that MRx0005 mainly produced C1-C3 fatty acids, while MRx0029 produced C4-C6 fatty acids, specifically butyric, valeric and hexanoic acid. None of the short-chain fatty acids tested protected neuroblastoma cells from chemically induced oxidative stress. However, butyrate was able to reduce neuroinflammation in vitro, and the combination of butyrate and valerate induced neuronal maturation, albeit not to the same degree as the complex cell-free supernatant of MRx0029. This observation was confirmed by solvent extraction of cell-free supernatants, where only MRx0029 methanolic fractions containing butyrate and valerate showed an anti-inflammatory activity in U373 cells and retained the ability to differentiate neuroblastoma cells. In summary, our results suggest that the pleiotropic nature of live biotherapeutics, as opposed to isolated metabolites, could be a promising novel drug class in drug discovery for neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suaad Ahmed
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Reid
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Margaret I Delday
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Ettorre
- 4D Pharma Research Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang WY, Lee Y, Lu H, Chou CH, Wang C. Analysis of gut microbiota and the effect of lauric acid against necrotic enteritis in Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria side-by-side challenge model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0205784. [PMID: 31150394 PMCID: PMC6544216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be involved in intestinal nutrition, defense, and immunity, as well as participating in disease progression. This study was to investigate gut microbiota changes in chickens challenged with netB-positive Clostridium perfringens strain (CP1) and/or the predisposing Eimeria species (Eimeria) and fed diets with fishmeal supplementation. In addition, the effects of lauric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), on necrotic enteritis (NE) reduction and modulation of microbiota were evaluated. The results demonstrated that microbial communities in the jejunum were distinct from those in the cecum, and the microbial community change was more significant in jejunum. Challenge of CP1 in conjunction with Eimeria significantly reduced species diversity in jejunal microbiota, but cecal microbiota remained stable. In the jejunum, CP1 challenge increased the abundance of the genera of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Escherichia Shigella, and Weissella, but significantly decreased the population of Lactobacillus. Eimeria infection on its own was unable to promote NE, demonstrating decrements of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Lactobacillus. Co-infection with CP1 and Eimeria reproduced the majority of NE lesions with significant increment of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and reduction in Lactobacillus. The advance of changes on these two taxa increased the severity of NE lesions. Further analyses of metagenomeSeq, STAMP, and LEfSe consistently showed significant overgrowth of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 was associated with NE. The supplementation of lauric acid did not reduce NE incidence and severity but decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia Shigella. In conclusion, significant overgrowth of C. perfringens as well as other Clostridium species in Clostridium sensu stricto 1 with the decrement of Lactobacillus in the jejunum is the featured microbiota correlated with NE. Controlling proliferation of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and manipulation of Lactobacillus in the jejunum should be the strategy to prevent NE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Yang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Yuejia Lee
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Hsinyi Lu
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chinling Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chemical Constituents of the Goat Margarine and Antibacterial Activity against Bacterial Pathogens in Sudan. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
42
|
Immune Response of Piglets Receiving Mixture of Formic and Propionic Acid Alone or with Either Capric Acid or Bacillus Licheniformis after Escherichia coli Challenge. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6416187. [PMID: 31019970 PMCID: PMC6452560 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6416187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate whether diets containing mixture of formic and propionic acid alone or supplemented with either capric acid or Bacillus Licheniformis can alleviate immune inflammatory response of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). A total of 30 weaning pigs were assigned to 5 diets, without additive (CON), with antibiotics (ATB), with 1% organic acid (OA; 64% formic and 25% propionic acid), with OA plus 0.2% capric acid (OA + CRA), and with OA plus 0.02% probiotic (Bacillus Licheniformis; OA + PB). After oral challenge with ETEC on day 10, the feces and plasma of all pigs were collected at different time points. Four additive treatments all decreased rectal temperature (RT) at 9 h and fecal scores (FS) at 24 h after challenge (P < 0.05), while at 9 h after challenge, inclusion of OA induced a decrease of RT compared with OA + CRA and OA + PB (P < 0.05). In plasma, concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β was reduced with the addition of ATB and OA at 24 h and 48 h after challenge and it is lower in OA group than OA + CRA group at 24 h after challenge (P < 0.05). Diets with ATB, OA, and OA + PB caused a decrease of the concentrations of IL-6 in plasma at 9 h after challenge (P < 0.05). The four additives treated piglets showed decreased concentrations of plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ at 9 h and 24 h after challenge, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, OA supplementation alleviated the inflammatory response and reduced diarrhea incidence in piglets challenged with ETEC. However, no further improvements were observed when OA supplemented with CRA or probiotics.
Collapse
|
43
|
Aguirre M, Vuorenmaa J, Valkonen E, Kettunen H, Callens C, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F, Goossens E. In-feed resin acids reduce matrix metalloproteinase activity in the ileal mucosa of healthy broilers without inducing major effects on the gut microbiota. Vet Res 2019; 50:15. [PMID: 30795808 PMCID: PMC6387527 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken gut is constantly exposed to harmful molecules and microorganisms which endanger the integrity of the intestinal wall. Strengthening intestinal mucosal integrity is a key target for feed additives that aim to promote intestinal health in broilers. Recently, dietary inclusion of resin-based products has been shown to increase broiler performance. However, the mode of action is still largely unexplored. Coniferous resin acids are known for their anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties, all properties that might support broiler intestinal health. In the current study, the effect of pure resin acids on broiler intestinal health was explored. Ross 308 broilers were fed a diet supplemented with coniferous resin acids for 22 days, after which the effect on both the intestinal microbiota as well as on the intestinal tissue morphology and activity of host collagenases was assessed. Dietary inclusion of resin acids did not alter the morphology of the healthy intestine and only minor effects on the intestinal microbiota were observed. However, resin acids-supplementation reduced both duodenal inflammatory T cell infiltration and small intestinal matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity towards collagen type I and type IV. Reduced breakdown of collagen type I and IV might indicate a protective effect of resin acids on intestinal barrier integrity by preservation of the basal membrane and the extracellular matrix. Further studies are needed to explore the protective effects of resin acids on broiler intestinal health under sub-optimal conditions and to elaborate our knowledge on the mechanisms behind the observed effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Aguirre
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Eija Valkonen
- Hankkija Ltd, Peltokuumolantie 4, 05800, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | | | - Chana Callens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Twarog C, Fattah S, Heade J, Maher S, Fattal E, Brayden DJ. Intestinal Permeation Enhancers for Oral Delivery of Macromolecules: A Comparison between Salcaprozate Sodium (SNAC) and Sodium Caprate (C 10). Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E78. [PMID: 30781867 PMCID: PMC6410172 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) and sodium caprate (C10) are two of the most advanced intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) that have been tested in clinical trials for oral delivery of macromolecules. Their effects on intestinal epithelia were studied for over 30 years, yet there is still debate over their mechanisms of action. C10 acts via openings of epithelial tight junctions and/or membrane perturbation, while for decades SNAC was thought to increase passive transcellular permeation across small intestinal epithelia based on increased lipophilicity arising from non-covalent macromolecule complexation. More recently, an additional mechanism for SNAC associated with a pH-elevating, monomer-inducing, and pepsin-inhibiting effect in the stomach for oral delivery of semaglutide was advocated. Comparing the two surfactants, we found equivocal evidence for discrete mechanisms at the level of epithelial interactions in the small intestine, especially at the high doses used in vivo. Evidence that one agent is more efficacious compared to the other is not convincing, with tablets containing these PEs inducing single-digit highly variable increases in oral bioavailability of payloads in human trials, although this may be adequate for potent macromolecules. Regarding safety, SNAC has generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status and is Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved as a medical food (Eligen®-Vitamin B12, Emisphere, Roseland, NJ, USA), whereas C10 has a long history of use in man, and has food additive status. Evidence for co-absorption of microorganisms in the presence of either SNAC or C10 has not emerged from clinical trials to date, and long-term effects from repeat dosing beyond six months have yet to be assessed. Since there are no obvious scientific reasons to prefer SNAC over C10 in orally delivering a poorly permeable macromolecule, then formulation, manufacturing, and commercial considerations are the key drivers in decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Twarog
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Sarinj Fattah
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Joanne Heade
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Sam Maher
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Elias Fattal
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Galien, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Oliveira GR, Oliveira WK, Andrade C, Melo ADB, Luciano FB, Macedo REF, Costa LB. Natural antimicrobials for control of
Salmonella
Enteritidis in feed and in vitro model of the chicken digestive process. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:756-765. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geovane R. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Animal Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PUCPR Curitiba Brazil
| | - Willian K. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Animal Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PUCPR Curitiba Brazil
| | - Carla Andrade
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Animal Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PUCPR Curitiba Brazil
| | - Antonio Diego B. Melo
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Animal Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PUCPR Curitiba Brazil
| | - Fernando B. Luciano
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Animal Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PUCPR Curitiba Brazil
| | - Renata E. F. Macedo
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Animal Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PUCPR Curitiba Brazil
| | - Leandro B. Costa
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Animal Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, PUCPR Curitiba Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
V T Nair D, Venkitanarayanan K, Kollanoor Johny A. Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella in the Food Supply and the Potential Role of Antibiotic Alternatives for Control. Foods 2018; 7:E167. [PMID: 30314348 PMCID: PMC6210005 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most ubiquitous enteropathogenic bacterial species on earth, and comprises more than 2500 serovars. Widely known for causing non-typhoidal foodborne infections (95%), and enteric (typhoid) fever in humans, Salmonella colonizes almost all warm- and cold-blooded animals, in addition to its extra-animal environmental strongholds. The last few decades have witnessed the emergence of highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella, causing greater morbidity and mortality in humans. The emergence of several Salmonella serotypes resistant to multiple antibiotics in food animals underscores a significant food safety hazard. In this review, we discuss the various antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serotypes in food animals and the food supply, factors that contributed to their emergence, their antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the public health implications of their spread through the food supply, and the potential antibiotic alternatives for controlling them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divek V T Nair
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA.
| | | | - Anup Kollanoor Johny
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
De Keyser K, Dierick N, Kanto U, Hongsapak T, Buyens G, Kuterna L, Vanderbeke E. Medium-chain glycerides affect gut morphology, immune- and goblet cells in post-weaning piglets: In vitro fatty acid screening with Escherichia coli and in vivo consolidation with LPS challenge. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:221-230. [PMID: 30280433 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of medium-chain glycerides on performance and gastrointestinal well-being in weaning piglets was assessed. First, caproic (C6), caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acid activity against Escherichia coli was screened in vitro. Pig flora of the whole small intestine was used as inoculum. Seven in vitro incubations were done in duplicate at pH = 3 and 5: C10 (15 mM), C8 (12 mM), C6 (15, 12, 10 mM), a non-incubated-negative control and incubated negative control. Culture suspensions were plated on E. coli-selective agar. Controls showed bacterial growth. C6 and C8 showed no growth at both pH-values, where C10 showed growth at pH = 5. Secondly, an in vivo study was done with 80 weaned piglets over 42 days, housed in pens of eight animals (five pens/treatment), fed a basal diet containing broken rice/soya bean meal/fish meal and supplemented with C6 and C8 in medium-chain glyceride form (MCT6/8, 0.175%) or antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, 0.020%) (Kasetsart University, Thailand) serving as control. Feed intake, daily gain and feed-to-gain ratio did not differ between MCT6/8 and AGP. Per replicate, two random selected piglets were challenged intravenously with E. coli-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline solution (S) at Days 21 and 28. All challenged animals were sacrificed; blood and digestive tract samples (jejunum/ileum) were collected at Day 35. LPS challenge consistently reduced villus height and crypt depth for MCT6/8 and AGP. However, LPS-challenged piglets supplemented with MCT6/8 restored villus height, where AGP did not. MCT6/8 piglets had higher serum IgA, more jejunal IgA-positive plasma cells and goblet cells than AGP. At the ileal level, results were similar, though less pronounced. The present study offers new insight in the benefits of MCT6/8 over AGP in the post-weaning period. There is in vitro anti-microbial action of C6 and C8 on E. coli. In vivo, MCT6/8 also has protective effects in the small intestine that may result in growth promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noël Dierick
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Uthai Kanto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tassanan Hongsapak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Omonijo FA, Kim S, Guo T, Wang Q, Gong J, Lahaye L, Bodin JC, Nyachoti M, Liu S, Yang C. Development of Novel Microparticles for Effective Delivery of Thymol and Lauric Acid to Pig Intestinal Tract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9608-9615. [PMID: 30141924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely supplemented in feeds at subtherapeutic concentrations to prevent postweaning diarrhea and increase the overall productivity of pigs. However, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria worldwide has made it urgent to minimize the use of in-feed antibiotics. The development of promising alternatives to in-feed antibiotics is crucial for maintaining the sustainability of swine production. Both medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and essential oils exhibit great potential to postweaning diarrhea; however, their direct inclusion has compromised efficacy because of several factors including low stability, poor palatability, and low availability in the lower gut. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a formulation of microparticles to deliver a model of essential oil (thymol) and MCFA (lauric acid). The composite microparticles were produced by the incorporation of starch and alginate through a melt-granulation process. The release of thymol and lauric acid from the microparticles was in vitro determined using simulated salivary fluid (SSF), simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), consecutively. The microparticles prepared with 2% alginate solution displayed a slow release of thymol and lauric acid in the SSF (21.2 ± 2.3%; 36 ± 1.1%), SGF (73.7 ± 6.9%; 54.8 ± 1.7%), and SIF (99.1 ± 1.2%; 99.1 ± 0.6%), respectively, whereas, the microparticles without alginate showed a rapid release of thymol and lauric acid from the SSF (79.9 ± 11.8%; 84.9 ± 9.4%), SGF (92.5 ± 3.5%; 75.8 ± 5.9%), and SIF (93.3 ± 9.4%; 93.3 ± 4.6%), respectively. The thymol and lauric acid in the developed microparticles with or without alginate both exhibited excellent stabilities (>90%) during being stored at 4 °C for 12 weeks and after being stored at room temperature for 2 weeks. These results evidenced that the approach developed in the present study could be potentially employed to deliver thymol and lauric acid to the lower gut of pigs, although further in vivo investigations are necessary to validate the efficacy of the microparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Omonijo
- Department of Animal Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Seungil Kim
- Biomedical Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Tracy Guo
- Guelph Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario , Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Ludovic Lahaye
- Jefo Nutrition Inc. , Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec , Canada J2S 7B6
| | | | - Martin Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Song Liu
- Biomedical Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada R3T 2N2
- Department of Biosystems Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada R3T 2N2
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hassan YI, Lahaye L, Gong MM, Peng J, Gong J, Liu S, Gay CG, Yang C. Innovative drugs, chemicals, and enzymes within the animal production chain. Vet Res 2018; 49:71. [PMID: 30060767 PMCID: PMC6066918 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming number of recently reported human illnesses with bacterial infections resistant to multiple antibacterial agents has become a serious concern in recent years. This phenomenon is a core challenge for both the medical and animal health communities, since the use of antibiotics has formed the cornerstone of modern medicine for treating bacterial infections. The empirical benefits of using antibiotics to address animal health issues in animal agriculture (using therapeutic doses) and increasing the overall productivity of animals (using sub-therapeutic doses) are well established. The use of antibiotics to enhance profitability margins in the animal production industry is still practiced worldwide. Although many technical and economic reasons gave rise to these practices, the continued emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria is furthering the need to reduce the use of medically important antibiotics. This will require improving on-farm management and biosecurity practices, and the development of effective antibiotic alternatives that will reduce the dependence on antibiotics within the animal industry in the foreseeable future. A number of approaches are being closely scrutinized and optimized to achieve this goal, including the development of promising antibiotic alternatives to control bacterial virulence through quorum-sensing disruption, the use of synthetic polymers and nanoparticles, the exploitation of recombinant enzymes/proteins (such as glucose oxidases, alkaline phosphatases and proteases), and the use of phytochemicals. This review explores the most recent approaches within this context and provides a summary of practical mitigation strategies for the extensive use of antibiotics within the animal production chain in addition to several future challenges that need to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON Canada
| | | | - Max M. Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Jian Peng
- College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Cyril G. Gay
- Office of National Programs, Animal Production and Protection, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang H, Li X, Wang Y, Tao Y, Lu S, Zhu X, Li D. Improvement of n-caproic acid production with Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6: selection of electron acceptors and carbon sources and optimization of the culture medium. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:99. [PMID: 29940966 PMCID: PMC6019802 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global energy and resource shortages make it necessary to quest for renewable resources. n-Caproic acid (CA) production based on carboxylate platform by anaerobic fermentation is booming. Recently, a novel Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6 is shown to be a potential biotransformation factory for CA production from lactate-containing wastewater. However, little is known about the effects of different electron acceptors (EAs) on the fermentative products of strain CPB6, as well as the optimum medium for CA production. Results In this study, batch experiments were performed to investigate the fermentative products of strain CPB6 in a lactate medium supplemented with different EAs and sugars. Supplementation of acetate, butyrate and sucrose dramatically increased cell growth and CA production. The addition of propionate or pentanoate resulted in the production of C5 or C7 carboxylic acid, respectively. Further, a Box–Behnken experiment was conducted to optimize the culture medium for CA production. The result indicated that a medium containing 13.30 g/L sucrose, 22.35 g/L lactate and 16.48 g/L butyrate supported high-titer CA production (16.73 g/L) with a maximum productivity of 6.50 g/L/day. Conclusions This study demonstrated that strain CPB6 could produce C6–C7 carboxylic acids from lactate (as electron donor) with C2–C5 short-chain carboxylic acids (as EAs), but CA (C6 carboxylic acid) was the most major and potential product. Butyrate and sucrose were the most significant EA and carbon source respectively for CA production from lactate by strain CPB6. High titer of CA can be produced from a synthetic substrate containing sucrose, lactate and butyrate. The work provided significant implications for improving CA production in industry-scale.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0946-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Shaowen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Daping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|