1
|
Tamura T, Yamamoto H, Ogino S, Morioka Y, Tsujino S, Suzuki R, Hiono T, Suzuki S, Isoda N, Sakoda Y, Fukuhara T. A rapid and versatile reverse genetics approach for generating recombinant positive-strand RNA viruses that use IRES-mediated translation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0163823. [PMID: 38353536 PMCID: PMC10949505 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01638-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reverse genetics systems have played a central role in developing recombinant viruses for a wide spectrum of virus research. The circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER) method has been applied to studying positive-strand RNA viruses, allowing researchers to bypass molecular cloning of viral cDNA clones and thus leading to the rapid generation of recombinant viruses. However, thus far, the CPER protocol has only been established using cap-dependent RNA viruses. Here, we demonstrate that a modified version of the CPER method can be successfully applied to positive-strand RNA viruses that use cap-independent, internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-mediated translation. As a proof-of-concept, we employed mammalian viruses with different types (classes I, II, and III) of IRES to optimize the CPER method. Using the hepatitis C virus (HCV, class III), we found that inclusion in the CPER assembly of an RNA polymerase I promoter and terminator, instead of those from polymerase II, allowed greater viral production. This approach was also successful in generating recombinant bovine viral diarrhea virus (class III) following transfection of MDBK/293T co-cultures to overcome low transfection efficiency. In addition, we successfully generated the recombinant viruses from clinical specimens. Our modified CPER could be used for producing hepatitis A virus (HAV, type I) as well as de novo generation of encephalomyocarditis virus (type II). Finally, we generated recombinant HCV and HAV reporter viruses that exhibited replication comparable to that of the wild-type parental viruses. The recombinant HAV reporter virus helped evaluate antivirals. Taking the findings together, this study offers methodological advances in virology. IMPORTANCE The lack of versatility of reverse genetics systems remains a bottleneck in viral research. Especially when (re-)emerging viruses reach pandemic levels, rapid characterization and establishment of effective countermeasures using recombinant viruses are beneficial in disease control. Indeed, numerous studies have attempted to establish and improve the methods. The circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER) method has overcome major obstacles in generating recombinant viruses. However, this method has not yet been examined for positive-strand RNA viruses that use cap-independent, internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Here, we engineered a suitable gene cassette to expand the CPER method for all positive-strand RNA viruses. Furthermore, we overcame the difficulty of generating recombinant viruses because of low transfection efficiency. Using this modified method, we also successfully generated reporter viruses and recombinant viruses from a field sample without virus isolation. Taking these findings together, our adapted methodology is an innovative technology that could help advance virologic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saho Ogino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Morioka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsujino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiono
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Isoda
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El-Mokhtar MA, Elkhawaga AA, Ahmed MSH, El-Sabaa EMW, Mosa AA, Abdelmohsen AS, Moussa AM, Salama EH, Aboulfotuh S, Ashmawy AM, Seddik AI, Sayed IM, Ramadan HKA. High Incidence of Acute Liver Failure among Patients in Egypt Coinfected with Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2898. [PMID: 38138042 PMCID: PMC10745896 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are transmitted through the fecal-oral route. HAV outbreaks and one HEV outbreak have been reported in Egypt. However, the impact of HAV-HEV co-infection is not known. In this study, we assessed HEV markers in acute HAV-infected patients (n = 57) enrolled in Assiut University hospitals. We found that 36.8% of HAV-infected patients were also positive for HEV markers (anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA), while 63.2% of the patients were HAV mono-infected. Demographic and clinical criteria were comparable in both HAV mono-infected patients and HAV-HEV co-infected patients. Although liver enzymes were not significantly different between the two groups, liver transaminases were higher in the co-infected patients. Six patients developed acute liver failure (ALF); five of them were HAV-HEV-co-infected patients. The relative risk of ALF development was 8.5 times higher in HAV-HEV co-infection compared to mono-infection. Three cases of ALF caused by HAV-HEV co-infection were reported in children (below 18 years) and two cases were reported in adults. All patients developed jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy; all were living in rural communities. In conclusion: HAV-HEV co-infection can be complicated by ALF. The risk of ALF development in HAV-infected patients is higher when coinfection with HEV is present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Amal A. Elkhawaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mona Sedky Hussein Ahmed
- Molecular Biology Researches & Studies Institute (MBRSI), Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ehsan M. W. El-Sabaa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Aliaa A. Mosa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shawkat Abdelmohsen
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Abdelmajeed M. Moussa
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Eman H. Salama
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Sahar Aboulfotuh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail Seddik
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M. Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Mokhtar MA, Kamel AM, El-Sabaa EMW, Mandour SA, Abdelmohsen AS, Moussa AM, Salama EH, Aboulfotuh S, Abdel-Wahid L, Abdel Aziz EM, Azoz NMA, Sayed IM, Elkhawaga AA. Evidence of a Link between Hepatitis E Virus Exposure and Glomerulonephritis Development. Viruses 2023; 15:1379. [PMID: 37376678 DOI: 10.3390/v15061379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses can trigger glomerulonephritis (GN) development. Hepatitis viruses, especially Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis B viruses, are examples of the viruses that trigger GN initiation or progression. However, the proof of a correlation between GN and Hepatitis E virus infection is not clear. Some studies confirmed the development of GN during acute or chronic HEV infections, mainly caused by genotype 3. While others reported that there is no relation between HEV exposure and GN development. A recent study showed that a reduced glomerular filtration rate was developed in 16% of acute HEV genotype 1 (HEV-1) infections that returned to normal during recovery. HEV-1 is endemic in Egypt with a high seroprevalence among villagers and pregnant women. There is no available data about a link between HEV and GN in Egypt. METHODS GN patients (n = 43) and matched healthy subjects (n = 36) enrolled in Assiut University hospitals were included in this study. Blood samples were screened for hepatotropic pathogens. Tests for HEV markers such as HEV RNA and anti-HEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) were performed. Laboratory parameters were compared in HEV-seropositive and HEV-seronegative GN patients. RESULTS Anti-HEV IgG was detected in 26 (60.5%) out of 43 GN patients. HEV seroprevalence was significantly higher in GN than in healthy controls, suggesting that HEV exposure is a risk factor for GN development. None of the GN patients nor the healthy subjects were positive for anti-HEV IgM or HEV RNA. There was no significant difference between seropositive and seronegative GN patients in terms of age, gender, albumin, kidney function profiles, or liver transaminases. However, anti-HEV IgG positive GN patients had higher bilirubin levels than anti-HEV IgG negative GN patients. HEV-seropositive GN patients had a significantly elevated AST level compared to HEV-seropositive healthy subjects. CONCLUSION exposure to HEV infection could be complicated by the development of GN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ayat M Kamel
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ehsan M W El-Sabaa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Mandour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shawkat Abdelmohsen
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Abdelmajeed M Moussa
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Eman H Salama
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Sahar Aboulfotuh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Lobna Abdel-Wahid
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Essam M Abdel Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Mostafa A Azoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Amal A Elkhawaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu R, Meng B, Corredig M, Griffiths MW. Rapid Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in Foods Using a Bioluminescent Assay in Real-Time (BART) and Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Technology. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:144-157. [PMID: 36640204 PMCID: PMC9839959 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne hepatitis A infections have been considered as a major threat for public health worldwide. Increased incidences of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has been associated with growing global trade of food products. Rapid and sensitive detection of HAV in foods is very essential for investigating the outbreaks. Real-time RT-PCR has been most widely used for the detection of HAV by far. However, the technology relies on fluorescence determination of the amplicon and requires sophisticated, high-cost instruments and trained personnel, limiting its use in low resource settings. In this study, a robust, affordable, and simple assay, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay in combination with a bioluminescence-based determination of amplification in real-time (BART), was developed for the detection of HAV in different food matrices, including green onion, strawberry, mussel, and milk. The efficiencies of a one-step RT-LAMP-BART and a two-step RT-LAMP-BART were investigated for the detection of HAV in different food matrices and was compared with that of real-time RT-PCR. The sensitivity of the RT-LAMP-BART assay was significantly affected by Mg2+ concentration (P < 0.05), in addition to primer quality. The optimal Mg2+ concentration was 2 mM for one-step RT-LAMP-BART and 4 mM for two-step RT-LAMP-BART. Compared with cartridge-purified primers, HPLC-purified primers could greatly improve the sensitivity of the RT-LAMP-BART assay (P < 0.05). For detecting HAV in different food matrices, the performance of two-step RT-LAMP-BART was comparable with that of real-time RT-PCR and was better than that of one-step RT-LAMP-BART. The detection limit of the two-step RT-LAMP-BART for HAV in green onion, strawberry, mussel, and milk was 8.3 × 100 PFU/15 g, 8.3 × 101 PFU/50 g, 8.3 × 100 PFU/5 g, and 8.3 × 100 PFU/40 mL, respectively. The developed RT-LAMP-BART was an effective, simple, sensitive, and robust method for foodborne HAV detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, 43 McGilvray Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Milena Corredig
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mansel W Griffiths
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, 43 McGilvray Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Jung S, Yeo D, Park S, Woo S, Seo Y, Hossain MI, Kim M, Choi C. Assessing the Removal Efficiency of Murine Norovirus 1, Hepatitis A Virus, and Human Coronavirus 229E on Dish Surfaces Through General Wash Program of Household Dishwasher. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:61-70. [PMID: 36595129 PMCID: PMC9807978 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The performance of dishwashers in removing live viruses is an important informative value in practical applications. Since foodborne viruses are present in contaminated food surfaces and water environments. Insufficient washing of dishes typically makes a carrier of foodborne viruses. Dishwashers have shown excellent performance in removing bacterial pathogens, but very limited reports related to eliminate foodborne viruses on contaminated dish surfaces. Here, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) were experimentally inoculated on the dish surfaces (plate, rice bowl, and soup bowl). Plaque assay, 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were conducted to determine their removal efficiency of them through the general wash program of household dishwashers. Using titration assay, MNV-1 and HAV were reduced by 7.44 and 6.57 log10 PFU/dish, and HCoV-229E was reduced by 6.43 log10 TCID50/dish through the general wash program, achieving a ≥ 99.999% reduction, respectively. Additionally, RT-qPCR results revealed that viral RNA of MNV-1 and HCoV-229E reduced 5.02 and 4.54 log10 genome copies/dish; in contrast, HAV was not detected on any dish surfaces. This study confirmed the performance of household dishwashers in removing pathogenic live viruses through the general wash program. However, residual viral RNA was not sufficiently removed. Further studies are needed to determine whether the viral RNA can be sufficiently removed using combination programs in household dishwashers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Soontag Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Yeo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Woo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Technology R&D Office, SK magic, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18298, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Optimization of an approach to detect low-concentration MNV-1 and HAV from soil-rich or non-soil post-washing water containing various PCR inhibitory substances. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
7
|
Genome Sequence of Genotype 1A Hepatovirus A Isolated from Plasma from a Haitian Child. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0044922. [PMID: 35950865 PMCID: PMC9476952 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00449-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype 1A hepatovirus A was identified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and isolated from plasma from a Haitian child with acute undifferentiated febrile illness and malaise. The strain was most closely related to Brazilian strains, consistent with recognized patterns of virus movement in the Caribbean region.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lanrewaju AA, Enitan-Folami AM, Sabiu S, Edokpayi JN, Swalaha FM. Global public health implications of human exposure to viral contaminated water. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981896. [PMID: 36110296 PMCID: PMC9468673 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses are common waterborne pathogens found in environmental water bodies contaminated with either raw or partially treated sewage discharge. Examples of these viruses include adenovirus, rotavirus, noroviruses, and other caliciviruses and enteroviruses like coxsackievirus and polioviruses. They have been linked with gastroenteritis, while some enteric viruses have also been implicated in more severe infections such as encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis (hepatitis A and E viruses), cancer (polyomavirus), and myocarditis (enteroviruses). Therefore, this review presents information on the occurrence of enteric viruses of public health importance, diseases associated with human exposure to enteric viruses, assessment of their presence in contaminated water, and their removal in water and wastewater sources. In order to prevent illnesses associated with human exposure to viral contaminated water, we suggest the regular viral monitoring of treated wastewater before discharging it into the environment. Furthermore, we highlight the need for more research to focus on the development of more holistic disinfection methods that will inactivate waterborne viruses in municipal wastewater discharges, as this is highly needed to curtail the public health effects of human exposure to contaminated water. Moreover, such a method must be devoid of disinfection by-products that have mutagenic and carcinogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan-Folami
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan-Folami,
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Joshua Nosa Edokpayi
- Water and Environmental Management Research Group, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Feroz Mahomed Swalaha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elmahdy EM, Shaheen MNF, Mahmoud LHI, Hammad IA, Soliman ERS. Detection of Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus in Strawberry and Green Leafy Vegetables by Using RT-qPCR in Egypt. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:178-189. [PMID: 35246828 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an upward trend of consumption of organic fresh vegetables due to consumer demand for healthy foods without chemical additives. On the other hand, the number of food borne outbreaks associated with contaminated fresh produce has raised, being human norovirus genogroup I (GI), GII and hepatitis A virus (HAV) the most commonly reported causative agents. This study aimed to detect the presence of these viruses in green leafy vegetables (watercress, leek, coriander, and parsley) and strawberry using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Samples were collected from the Egyptian regions of Kalubia, Giza, and Mansoura. Overall HAV average occurrence in fresh strawberry was 48% with a mean concentration of 6.1 × 103 GC/g; Also NoV GI overall average occurrence was 25% with a mean concentration of 9.7 × 102 genome copies (GC)/g, while NoV GII was 40% with a mean concentration of 2.4 × 103 GC/g. For strawberry collected directly from Kalubia farms, neither HAV nor HNoV GI & GII were detected. In green leafy vegetable samples, the occurrence of HAV was 31.2% with a mean concentration of 9.2 × 104 GC/g, while occurrence of NoV GI and NoV GII were 20% and 30% with a mean concentrations of 1.1 × 104 and 2.03 × 103 GC/g, respectively. In conclusion, the importance of a virus surveillance program for soft fruits and fresh vegetables is highlighted by the outcomes of this study. Our findings should help with the management and control of microbial concerns in fresh foods, reducing the danger of consuming contaminated foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elmahdy M Elmahdy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed N F Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa H I Mahmoud
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Helwan University, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Ibtisam A Hammad
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Helwan University, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Elham R S Soliman
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Helwan University, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shaheen MNF, Elmahdy EM, Mahmoud LHI, Hammad IA, Soliman ERS. Quantitative RT-PCR detection of human noroviruses and hepatitis A virus in fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in the Mansoura and Giza regions, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28139-28148. [PMID: 34988812 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface water used as an irrigation source can be a significant source of viral contamination of fresh produce. Enteric viruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus genogroup I (HNoV GI) and genogroup II (HNoV GII) can be transmitted to human via fresh produce when irrigated with contaminated water or when prepared by infected food handlers. In the current study, we investigated the presence of HAV, HNoV GI and GII in fresh produce and surface water used in cultivation of this produce using real-time PCR. Samples were collected from six different points in the Mansoura and Giza regions, Egypt. Our analysis showed that at least one virus was found in 41.6% (30/72) of surface water samples and 27% (13/48) of fresh produce samples. HAV (23/72) with a mean viral concentration = 4 × 106 genome copies/litre (GC/L) was the most frequently identified virus in surface water samples, followed by human norovirus genogroup II (HNoV GII) (15/72, with a mean concentration = 1.2 × 106 GC/L, and human noroviruses genogroup I (HNoV GI) (12/72, with a mean concentration = 1.4 × 104 GC/L). Additionally, HAV (10/48) with a mean concentration = 5.2 × 105 genome copies/gram (GC/g) was also the most frequently detected virus in the fresh produce samples, followed by HNoV GII (8/48, with a mean concentration = 1.7 × 104 GC/g); meanwhile, HNoV GI (6/48) was less detected virus with a mean concentration = 3 × 103 GC/g. This work suggests a wide prevalence of human enteric viruses in surface waters and fresh produce, which is of concern when the fresh produce is eaten raw. Thus, additional monitoring for viral pathogens in irrigation water and food is needed to increase the awareness of this issue to rise the control measures to reduce illness from contaminated food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N F Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Elmahdy M Elmahdy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa H I Mahmoud
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Ibtisam A Hammad
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Elham R S Soliman
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reis JG, Cadamuro RD, Cabral AC, Thaís da Silva I, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Broad Spectrum Algae Compounds Against Viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:809296. [PMID: 35095816 PMCID: PMC8795700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.809296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is currently trying to develop new bioactive compounds to inactivate both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses for therapeutic purposes. Consequently, microalgal and macroalgal bioactive compounds are being explored by pharmaceutical, as well as biotechnology and food industries. In this review, we show how compounds produced by algae include important candidates for viral control applications. We discuss their mechanisms of action and activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including those causing infections by enteric, parenteral, and respiratory routes. Indeed, algal products have potential in human and animal medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Graff Reis
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Cristiane Cabral
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Izabella Thaís da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Research Centre for Emerging Pathogens and Global Health, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gislaine Fongaro,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prado T, Barbosa MRF, Araújo RS, Garcia SC, Melo AJ, Galvani AT, Brandão CJ, Silva RLO, Sato MIZ. Hepatitis A Outbreaks and Environmental Circulation of Genotype IA Strains in the São Paulo City, 2017-2018. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:520-527. [PMID: 34532781 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the major cause of enterically transmitted infectious hepatitis. Between 2016 and 2017, the number of confirmed cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) increased from 64 to 786 in São Paulo affecting mainly adults aged between 18 and 39 years (80%) and males (88%). To support epidemiological surveillance, the present study monitored the presence of HAV in urban sewage samples collected bimonthly for 1 year (November 2017-November 2018) in the central region of the city, where most of cases were detected. Sewage samples were concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation and HAV RNA was quantified by RT-qPCR. Nucleotide sequencing targeting the VP1/2A junction region was carried out to genotype the HAV strains. HAV was detected in 76.9% (40/52) of the samples, with a geometric mean viral load of 5.09 × 104 (± SD 4.51 × 105) genome copies (GC/L) (Mauá Street) and 5.27 × 104 (± SD 1.26 × 106) GC/L (Prestes Maia Avenue). Of the 40 positive samples, 8 were typed as HAV subgenotype IA [100% nucleotide (nt) identity with HAV strain VRD_521_2016]. Highest homology was obtained with sequences from European countries (Italy, Spain) and Israel, all of which had reported recent HAV outbreaks associated with men who have sex with men. Our results highlight that wastewater surveillance is a useful tool to support investigating HAV outbreaks in the community, including circulating genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Prado
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Mikaela Renata Funada Barbosa
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - Ronalda Silva Araújo
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - Suzi Cristina Garcia
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - Adalgisa Jesus Melo
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Galvani
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Jesus Brandão
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Lourenço Oliveira Silva
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Zanoli Sato
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Enteric Viruses and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Show Significant Correlation in Select Mid-Atlantic Agricultural Waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0021121. [PMID: 33893119 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00211-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses (EVs) are the largest contributors to foodborne illnesses and outbreaks globally. Their ability to persist in the environment, coupled with the challenges experienced in environmental monitoring, creates a critical aperture through which agricultural crops may become contaminated. This study involved a 17-month investigation of select human EVs and viral indicators in nontraditional irrigation water sources (surface and reclaimed waters) in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Real-time quantitative PCR was used for detection of Aichi virus, hepatitis A virus, and norovirus genotypes I and II (GI and GII, respectively). Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), a common viral indicator of human fecal contamination, was also evaluated, along with atmospheric (air and water temperature, cloud cover, and precipitation 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days prior to sample collection) and physicochemical (dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and turbidity) data, to determine whether there were any associations between EVs and measured parameters. EVs were detected more frequently in reclaimed waters (32% [n = 22]) than in surface waters (4% [n = 49]), similar to PMMoV detection frequency in surface (33% [n = 42]) and reclaimed (67% [n = 21]) waters. Our data show a significant correlation between EV and PMMoV (R2 = 0.628, P < 0.05) detection levels in reclaimed water samples but not in surface water samples (R2 = 0.476, P = 0.78). Water salinity significantly affected the detection of both EVs and PMMoV (P < 0.05), as demonstrated by logistic regression analyses. These results provide relevant insights into the extent and degree of association between human (pathogenic) EVs and water quality data in Mid-Atlantic surface and reclaimed waters, as potential sources for agricultural irrigation. IMPORTANCE Microbiological analysis of agricultural waters is fundamental to ensure microbial food safety. The highly variable nature of nontraditional sources of irrigation water makes them particularly difficult to test for the presence of viruses. Multiple characteristics influence viral persistence in a water source, as well as affecting the recovery and detection methods that are employed. Testing for a suite of viruses in water samples is often too costly and labor-intensive, making identification of suitable indicators for viral pathogen contamination necessary. The results from this study address two critical data gaps, namely, EV prevalence in surface and reclaimed waters of the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States and subsequent evaluation of physicochemical and atmospheric parameters used to inform the potential for the use of indicators of viral contamination.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cadamuro RD, Viancelli A, Michelon W, Fonseca TG, Mass AP, Krohn DMA, Peter NRW, Fongaro G. Enteric viruses in lentic and lotic freshwater habitats from Brazil's Midwest and South regions in the Guarani Aquifer area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31653-31658. [PMID: 33609241 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the monitoring of viruses indicating fecal contamination in two distinct regions affected by poor management of wastewater located above the Guarani Aquifer, which is one of the biggest freshwater reservoirs in the world. In the city of Três Lagoas (located in the Midwest region, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul), water samples were collected from Lagoa Maior, a lake used for recreation, and in Concórdia (located in the South region, in the state of Santa Catarina), from the Queimados River, which crosses the urban area. Four sampling sites were monitored from March to July 2018 in Lagoa Maior, and four sampling sites were monitored along the urban part of the Queimados River area over two periods (rainy and dry). Water samples were analyzed by concentration of Human adenovirus (HAdV), Norovirus (NoV), Rotavirus A (RAV), and Hepatitis A virus (HAV) for the Lagoa Maior samples and RVA, HAV, and Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) for the Queimados River samples. All sampling sites presented enteric viruses, demonstrating fecal input and potential contamination of groundwater. Results highlight the need for wastewater management to improve environmental health quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Viancelli
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - William Michelon
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - Tauani Gabriela Fonseca
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - Apolline Parise Mass
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | | | - Nivia Rosana Weber Peter
- Universidade do Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Victor Sopelsa, 3000, Salete, Concórdia, SC, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, 88037-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McCall C, Wu H, O'Brien E, Xagoraraki I. Assessment of enteric viruses during a hepatitis outbreak in Detroit MI using wastewater surveillance and metagenomic analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1539-1554. [PMID: 33550682 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates enteric viruses in wastewater during an outbreak of acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a large metropolitan area. Emphasis is given to caliciviruses and HAV. METHODS AND RESULTS Metagenomic analysis was performed to characterize enteric viruses excreted by the population of Detroit MI, during a hepatitis A outbreak that occurred in 2017 and 2018. Additionally, HAV, norovirus GII, and sapovirus were quantified, using qPCR, in 54 untreated wastewater samples collected over the course of 4 months. Correlation analysis was performed to identify associations between the number of disease cases and HAV concentrations in wastewater. HAV obtained the highest relative abundance among other enteric viruses detected in wastewater metagenomes. Metagenomic analysis also detected several other enteric viruses including astrovirus, enterovirus and hepatitis E virus. Average sapovirus concentrations of 1·36 × 106 gc l-1 were significantly greater than norovirus GII concentrations (2·94 × 104 gc l-1 ). Additionally, norovirus GI and GII along with sapovirus GI.1 were detected using metagenomics. HAV loads in wastewater were significantly correlated with the number of disease cases reported 1 week after wastewater sampling. CONCLUSIONS Surveying untreated wastewater is a promising method for detecting early signs of hepatitis A outbreaks and for routine environmental monitoring of enteric viruses circulating in the environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Authors demonstrate the usefulness of metagenomics for genogrouping and enteric viral surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C McCall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - H Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - E O'Brien
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Di Cola G, Fantilli AC, Pisano MB, Ré VE. Foodborne transmission of hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses: A literature review. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 338:108986. [PMID: 33257099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne viruses have been recognized as a growing concern to the food industry and a serious public health problem. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is responsible for the majority of viral outbreaks of food origin worldwide, while hepatitis E virus (HEV) has also been gaining prominence as a foodborne viral agent in the last years, due to its zoonotic transmission through the consumption of uncooked or undercooked infected meat or derivatives. However, there is a lack of scientific reports that gather all the updated information about HAV and HEV as foodborne viruses. A search of all scientific articles about HAV and HEV in food until March 2020 was carried out, using the keywords "HAV", "HEV", "foodborne", "outbreak" and "detection in food". Foodborne outbreaks due to HAV have been reported since 1956, mainly in the USA, and in Europe in recent years, where the number of outbreaks has been increasing throughout time, and nowadays it has become the continent with the highest foodborne HAV outbreak report. Investigation and detection of HAV in food is more recent, and the first detections were performed in the 1990s decade, most of them carried out on seafood, first, and frozen food, later. On the other hand, HEV has been mainly looked for and detected in food derived from reservoir animals, such as meat, sausages and pate of pigs and wild boars. For this virus, only isolated cases and small outbreaks of foodborne transmission have been recorded, most of them in industrialized countries, due to HEV genotype 3 or 4. Virus detection in food matrices requires special processing of the food matrix, followed by RNA detection by molecular techniques. For HAV, a real-time PCR has been agreed as the standard method for virus detection in food; in the case of HEV, a consensus assay for its detection in food has not been reached yet. Our investigation shows that there is still little data about HAV and HEV prevalence and frequency of contamination in food, prevalent viral strains, and sources of contamination, mainly in developing countries, where there is no research and legislation in this regard. Studies on these issues are needed to get a better understanding of foodborne viruses, their maintenance and their potential to cause diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Di Cola
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gomez s/n, CP: 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Anabella C Fantilli
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gomez s/n, CP: 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Belén Pisano
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gomez s/n, CP: 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Viviana E Ré
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gomez s/n, CP: 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Persson S, Alm E, Karlsson M, Enkirch T, Norder H, Eriksson R, Simonsson M, Ellström P. A new assay for quantitative detection of hepatitis A virus. J Virol Methods 2020; 288:114010. [PMID: 33152410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is mainly transmitted via contaminated food or water or through person-to-person contact. Here, we describe development and evaluation of a reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) and reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for detection of HAV in food and clinical specimens. The assay was evaluated by assessing limit of detection, precision, matrix effects, sensitivity and quantitative agreement. The 95 % limit of detection (LOD95 %) was 10 % higher for RT-ddPCR than for RT-qPCR. A Bayesian model was used to estimate precision on different target concentrations. From this, we found that RT-ddPCR had somewhat greater precision than RT-qPCR within runs and markedly greater precision between runs. By analysing serum from naturally infected persons and a naturally contaminated food sample, we found that the two methods agreed well in quantification and had comparable sensitivities. Tests with artificially contaminated food samples revealed that neither RT-ddPCR nor RT-qPCR was severely inhibited by presence of oysters, raspberries, blueberries or leafy-green vegetables. For this assay, we conclude that RT-qPCR should be considered if rapid, qualitative detection is the main interest and that RT-ddPCR should be considered if precise quantification is the main interest. The high precision of RT-ddPCR allows for detection of small changes in viral concentration over time, which has direct implications for both food control and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Persson
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Foodborne Viruses, Swedish Food Agency, Box 622, SE-751 26, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Erik Alm
- Unit for Laboratory Development, Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Måns Karlsson
- Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theresa Enkirch
- Unit for Laboratory Surveillance of Viral Pathogens and Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Heléne Norder
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Eriksson
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Foodborne Viruses, Swedish Food Agency, Box 622, SE-751 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simonsson
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Foodborne Viruses, Swedish Food Agency, Box 622, SE-751 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McCall C, Wu H, Miyani B, Xagoraraki I. Identification of multiple potential viral diseases in a large urban center using wastewater surveillance. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116160. [PMID: 32738707 PMCID: PMC7342010 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are linked to a multitude of human illnesses and can disseminate widely in urbanized environments causing global adverse impacts on communities and healthcare infrastructures. Wastewater-based epidemiology was employed using metagenomics and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to identify enteric and non-enteric viruses collected from a large urban area for potential public health monitoring and outbreak analysis. Untreated wastewater samples were collected from November 2017 to February 2018 (n = 54) to evaluate the diversity of human viral pathogens in collected samples. Viruses were classified into virus types based on primary transmission routes and reviewed against viral associated diseases reported in the catchment area. Metagenomics detected the presence of viral pathogens that cause clinically significant diseases reported within the study area during the sampling year. Detected viruses belong to the Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepeviridae, Herpesviridae, Matonaviridae, Papillomaviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae, Retroviridae, and Togaviridae families. Furthermore, concentrations of adenovirus, norovirus GII, sapovirus, hepatitis A virus, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 8 were measured in wastewater samples and compared to metagenomic findings to confirm detected viral genus. Hepatitis A virus obtained the greatest average viral load (1.86 × 107 genome copies/L) in wastewater samples compared to other viruses quantified using qPCR with a 100% detection rate in metagenomic samples. Average concentration of sapovirus (1.36 × 106 genome copies/L) was significantly greater than norovirus GII (2.94 × 104 genome copies/L) indicating a higher burden within the study area. Findings obtained from this study aid in evaluating the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology for identification and routine monitoring of various viruses in large communities. This methodology has the potential to improve public health responses to large scale outbreaks and viral pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille McCall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Huiyun Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Brijen Miyani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Irene Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Weather and Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Irrigation Waters in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081224. [PMID: 32796772 PMCID: PMC7465913 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of foodborne viruses in reservoirs (an important resource of irrigation water) and its correlation with environmental and weather factors. From May 2017 to November 2018, we visited ten reservoirs and a river in the Anseong region of South Korea and collected a total of 192 samples in accordance with the environment protection agency guidelines. We recorded the weather factors (temperature, humidity, and accumulated precipitation) and investigated the surrounding environment factors (livestock, fishing site, the catchment area of reservoirs, etc.). Our research results show that from the river and reservoirs, the detection rates of human norovirus GII, adenovirus, rotavirus, human norovirus GI, and astrovirus were 27.1, 10.4, 10.4, 4.16, and 3.1%, respectively. Their viral load ranged from -1.48 to 1.55 log10 genome copies/l. However, hepatitis A virus was not detected in any irrigation water sample. Although no sampling was performed in winter, foodborne viruses and male-specific coliphages were frequently found during spring (40.78%) and autumn (39.47%). Interestingly, the significant correlation between the accumulative precipitation and the number of detected norovirus and adenovirus was confirmed by linear regression analysis. Furthermore, when the accumulative precipitation ranged from 20 to 60 mm, it significantly affected the viral load and prevalence. Among the environmental factors, recreational facilities such as fishing sites and bungalow fishing spots were identified as contamination sources by correlation analysis. Our research results confirmed the correlations between environmental contamination factors in the reservoir and weather factors with the prevalence of foodborne viruses in the reservoir. These facilitates the assessment of potential foodborne virus contamination during crop irrigation. In addition, predictive models including environmental and weather factors should be developed for monitoring and controlling the safety of irrigation waters in reservoirs.
Collapse
|
20
|
de Castro Carvalho SV, Rogovski P, Cadamuro RD, Viancelli A, Michelon W, Dos Reis DA, Santana das Chagas IA, Assenço R, da Silva Lanna MC, Treichel H, Fongaro G. Co-contamination of food products from family farms in an environmental disaster area in Southeast Brazil with pathogenic bacteria and enteric viruses. Arch Virol 2019; 165:715-718. [PMID: 31873766 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the degree of contamination of fresh vegetables, cheeses and jellies from disaster area in Brazil with bacteria and enteric viruses. Food samples (n = 350) were tested for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus spp., and enteric viruses (rotavirus A (RVA), human adenovirus (HAdV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and human norovirus (HNoV). E. coli was present in 56% of the samples, Salmonella spp. was present in 14% of the samples, L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus spp. (coagulase-positive) were present in 36% of the samples. The enteric viruses RVA and HAdV were detected in cheeses and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Rogovski
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline Viancelli
- University of Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - William Michelon
- University of Contestado, PMPECSA-UnC, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Regiana Assenço
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Treichel
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A new solid matrix for preservation of viral nucleic acid from clinical specimens at ambient temperature. J Virol Methods 2019; 274:113732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
22
|
Wu R, Xing X, Corredig M, Meng B, Griffiths MW. Concentration of hepatitis A virus in milk using protamine-coated iron oxide (Fe 3O 4) magnetic nanoparticles. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103236. [PMID: 31421754 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) continues to be the leading cause of viral hepatitis. HAV outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of milk, but methods for HAV detection in milk are very limited. We developed a method to concentrate HAV in milk using protamine-coated iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs). In this study, protamine was covalently coated on the surface of the MNPs (20-30 nm) by a three-step chemical reaction. The successful linkage of protamine to the MNPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When used for concentrating HAV from 40 mL of milk, 50 μL of PMNPs were added to the sample and mixed for 20 min by gentle rotation, followed by a magnet capture for 30 min. The captured PMNPs were washed with glycine buffer (0.05 M glycine, 0.14 M NaCl, 0.2% (v/v) Tween 20, pH 9.0) and HAV RNA was extracted using the QIAamp MinElute Virus Spin Kit and quantified by real-time RT-PCR. The method showed a detection limit of 8.3 × 100 PFU of HAV in milk. The whole concentration procedure could be completed in approximately 50 min. The developed method was simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, 43 McGilvray Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Milena Corredig
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mansel W Griffiths
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, 43 McGilvray Street, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shaheen MNF, Elmahdy EM, Chawla-Sarkar M. Quantitative PCR-based identification of enteric viruses contaminating fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21619-21628. [PMID: 31129895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fresh produce irrigated with surface water that may contain pathogens such as enteric viruses can lead to outbreaks of foodborne viral illnesses. In the current study, we performed real-time PCR (qPCR) to monitor the presence of enteric viruses such as human adenoviruses (HAdVs), hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus group A (RVA), and norovirus GI (NoV GI) in surface water and fresh produce that were grown using this surface water in Egypt. Samples were collected on four occasions from different sites located in the Delta and in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Of the 32 water samples and 128 fresh produce samples, 27/32 (84.3%) and 99/128 (77.3%), respectively, were positive for at least one virus. HAdV (30/32) with a mean viral load = 1.5 × 107 genome copies/L (GC/L) was the most commonly detected virus in water, followed by RVA (16/32, with a mean viral load = 2.7 × 105 GC/L), HAV (11/32, with a mean viral load = 1.2 × 104 GC /L), and NoV GI (10/32, with a mean viral load = 3.5 × 103 GC/L). Additionally, HAdV (71/128, with a mean viral load = 9.8 × 105 GC/g) was also the most commonly detected virus in the fresh produce, followed by NoV GI (43/128, with a mean viral load = 4.5 × 103 GC/g), HAV (33/128, with a mean viral load = 6.4 × 103 GC/g), and RVA (25/128, with a mean viral load = 1.5 × 104 GC/g). Our results indicate that fresh produce may be contaminated with a wide range of enteric viruses, and these viruses may originate from virus-contaminated irrigation water. Moreover, this fresh produce may serve as a potential vector for the transmission of viral foodborne illnesses. These findings are important for future risk assessment analysis related to water/foodborne viruses. Graphical abstract . Please provide caption for Graphical AbstractGraphical abstract showing sample collection and processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N F Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Elmahdy M Elmahdy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Scheme-XM, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Anderson-Coughlin BL, Kniel KE. Recovery and Detection of Enteric Viruses from Non-Traditional Irrigation Water Sources. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:mps2030055. [PMID: 31262023 PMCID: PMC6789464 DOI: 10.3390/mps2030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability of environmental water samples impacts the allowance of one method to be universally ideal for all water types and volumes. Surface and reclaimed waters can be used for crop irrigation and may be referred to as non-traditional irrigation waters as these water types may be associated with a higher risk of microbial contamination compared to groundwater. These waters are typically more microbially and chemically complex than groundwater and have a higher risk of viral contamination. To detect viruses in these water types, an infinite number of variations can be made to traditional recovery methods. This protocol was developed based on a commonly used virus adsorption and elution (VIRADEL) method. Additional steps were included to simplify and efficiently reduce particulates in the viral concentrate and remove DNA from eluted nucleic acids prior to detection. Method alterations allow for volumes up to 40 liters to be processed with consistent recovery of enteric viruses including Aichi virus, hepatitis A virus, and noroviruses belonging to genogroups GI and GII. No inhibition was observed among either surface or reclaimed water samples. This protocol could be utilized in the monitoring of a wide array of irrigation water sources throughout irrigation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalmia E Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shin H, Park H, Seo DJ, Jung S, Yeo D, Wang Z, Park KH, Choi C. Foodborne Viruses Detected Sporadically in the Fresh Produce and Its Production Environment in South Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:411-420. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hansaem Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joo Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soontag Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Yeo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
- Bio and Environmental Technology Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
- Bio and Environmental Technology Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fongaro G, Viancelli A, Dos Reis DA, Santiago AF, Hernández M, Michellon W, da Silva Lanna MC, Treichel H, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. Mineral Waste Containing High Levels of Iron from an Environmental Disaster (Bento Rodrigues, Mariana, Brazil) is Associated with Higher Titers of Enteric Viruses. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2019; 11:178-183. [PMID: 30747345 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of heavy metals on the behavior, including infectivity, of bacteria have been studied, little information is available about their effects on enteric viruses. We report an investigation of effects on the biosynthesis of human adenoviruses (HAdV) and hepatitis A (HAV) of waters contaminated with mineral waste following an environmental disaster in Mariana City, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study area was affected on November 5, 2015, by 60 million m3 of mud (containing very high concentrations of iron salts) from a mining reservoir (Fundão), reaching the Gualaxo do Norte River (sites evaluated in this study), the "Rio Doce" River and finally the Atlantic Ocean. We found substantial counts of infectious HAdV and HAV (by qPCR) in all sampled sites from Gualaxo do Norte River, indicating poor basic sanitation in this area. The effects of iron on viral infection processes were evaluated using HAdV-2 and HAV-175, as DNA and RNA enteric virus models, respectively, propagated in the laboratory and exposed to this contaminated water. Experiments in field and laboratory scales found that the numbers of plaque forming units (PFU) of HAdV and HAV were significantly higher in contaminated water with high iron concentrations than in waters with low iron concentration (< 20 µg/L of iron). These findings indicate that iron can potentiate enteric virus infectivity, posing a potential risk to human and animal health, particularly during pollution disasters such as that described here in Mariana, Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Fongaro
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
- Fundação Universidade do Contestado (PMPECSA), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline Viancelli
- Fundação Universidade do Contestado (PMPECSA), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Deyse A Dos Reis
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aníbal F Santiago
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marta Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Microbiología, ITACyL, Valladolid, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Willian Michellon
- Fundação Universidade do Contestado (PMPECSA), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Treichel
- Fundação Universidade do Contestado (PMPECSA), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoang VT, Goumballa N, Dao TL, Ly TDA, Ninove L, Ranque S, Raoult D, Parola P, Sokhna C, Pommier de Santi V, Gautret P. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections at the 2017 Grand Magal de Touba, Senegal: A prospective cohort survey. Travel Med Infect Dis 2019; 32:101410. [PMID: 31048009 PMCID: PMC7110953 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background The Grand Magal of Touba is the largest Muslim pilgrimage in Senegal with a potential for infectious disease transmission. Methods Clinical follow-up, adherence to preventive measures and qPCR-based respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens carriage pre- and post-Magal, were assessed. Results 110 pilgrims from South Senegal were included. The duration of stay in Touba was 3 days. 41.8% and 14.5% pilgrims reported respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Most individuals having the onset of symptoms during their stay in Touba, or soon after returning. The acquisition of rhinoviruses, coronaviruses and adenovirus was 13.0, 16.7 and 4.6% respectively and that of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae was 3.7% and 26.9%. Acquisition of gastrointestinal viruses and parasites was low, while bacterial acquisition ranged from 2.2% for Campylobacter jejuni to 33.0% for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Conclusion This preliminary study confirms that Grand Magal pilgrims are likely to be exposed to communicable disease risk as observed in other pilgrimage settings. Further study including larger numbers of pilgrims are needed to investigate potential risk factors for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections at the Grand Magal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van-Thuan Hoang
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Viet Nam
| | - Ndiaw Goumballa
- VITROME, Campus International IRD/UCAD de Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Thi-Loi Dao
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Duc Anh Ly
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gautret
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park H, Jung S, Shin H, Ha SD, Park TJ, Park JP, Seo DJ, Choi C. Localization and persistence of hepatitis A virus in artificially contaminated oysters. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 299:58-63. [PMID: 30954876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bivalve molluscan shellfish, such as oysters, clams, and cockles, are well-recognized as vectors that concentrate foodborne pathogens by filter feeding. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and persistence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in experimentally contaminated oysters that were either fed or not fed with algae. Oysters were experimentally contaminated with HAV and maintained in depuration conditions. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed on oyster samples collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post-inoculation. When HAV-contaminated oysters were depurated for 7 days, HAV was detected in 91.1-97.8% of the digestive glands and gills. While the high viral load in the digestive glands in oysters did not change significantly regardless of algae-feeding, the viral load of the gills gradually decreased in both groups during the depuration. HAV antigen and RNA were detected in the digestive diverticula and connective tissues by both IHC and ISH. HAV was detected in the stomach, intestine, and gills by only ISH. The distribution of HAV in various oyster tissues may explain the persistence of contamination in oysters during the depuration process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Soontag Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansaem Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joo Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pereira JG, Soares VM, de Souza FG, Tadielo LE, Dos Santos EAR, Brum MCS, Henzel A, Duval EH, Spilki FR, da Silva WP. Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis E Virus, and Rotavirus in Foods of Animal Origin Traded at the Borders of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2018; 10:365-372. [PMID: 30206760 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-018-9357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E (HEV), and rotavirus (RV) in fresh and processed meat traded on the border of Brazil with Argentina and Uruguay. In total, 159 samples of raw and processed foods of animal origin were collected in Paso de los Libres, Argentina (n = 53 raw meat, n = 24 processed meat) and Rivera, Uruguay (n = 55 raw meat, n = 18 processed meat), or were seized by the Brazilian International Agricultural Surveillance System-VIGIAGRO (Brazil-Argentina border) (n = 8 raw meat, n = 1 bush meat). All samples were tested for the presence of HAV, HEV, and RV genomes. HAV genes were detected in 18.23% of samples and RV genes in 23.89%. No HEV-positive samples were detected. HAV was also detected in two of the VIGIAGRO samples. Processed meats from Argentina and Uruguay had a higher rate of HAV and RV than raw meat (P > 0.05). The median HAV in the Argentinian and Uruguayan samples was 6.9 × 104 and 3.5 × 103 copies/g, respectively. The presence of RV viral genes in raw meats from Argentina was significant, and this was not observed in processed meats. The presence of HAV and RV genes in a significant portion of products from Argentina and Uruguay is a potential source of human infection. This also indicates precarious conditions of acquisition, processing, and manipulation, which could be improved by improved regulation of food across borders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Gonçalves Pereira
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Campus de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Walter Maurício Correa, SN, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618681, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão. Avenida Eliseu Maciel, SN, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Mendonça Soares
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana. BR 472, Km 585, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97501970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gil de Souza
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS, CEP 93525075, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Ereno Tadielo
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana. BR 472, Km 585, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97501970, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Celso Sperotto Brum
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana. BR 472, Km 585, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97501970, Brazil
| | - Andreia Henzel
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS, CEP 93525075, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Hallal Duval
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão. Avenida Eliseu Maciel, SN, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Rodovia ERS-239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS, CEP 93525075, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão. Avenida Eliseu Maciel, SN, Capão do Leão, RS, CEP 96010900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Souza FGD, Silva FPD, Staggemeier R, Rigotto C, Spilki FR. Low occurrence of Hepatitis A virus in water samples from an urban area of Southern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e69. [PMID: 30427404 PMCID: PMC6223251 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV), a member of Picornaviridae family, is the main causative agent of acute viral hepatitis in the world, mainly in developing countries. HAV may be present in contaminated water and food and its presence is often associated to a lesser extent with socioeconomic factors and environmental quality. The main goals in the present study were to standardize a cell culture combined to a polymerase chain reaction protocol for the detection and quantification of viral viability and analyze whether the virus could be found in water samples collected in four urban streams of Sinos River watershed. Virus recovery was assayed from known virus concentrations measured in experimentally contaminated raw and ultrapure water (MilliQ®). Recovery rates ranged from 270% in raw water to 15,000% in ultrapure water. In a second step, a qPCR coupled to a previous passage in cells, demonstrated more analytical sensitivity when compared to samples assayed without a previous passage in cell cultures. HAV genome was detected in only 1 of 84 samples analyzed, pointing to a very low occurrence of HAV in water samples in the studied region. These findings are remarkable, since no more than 5% of the domestic sewage in this area is treated pointing to a low occurrence of HAV in the population living nearby during the study period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gil de Souza
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francini Pereira da Silva
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Staggemeier
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rigotto
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
O'Brien E, Nakyazze J, Wu H, Kiwanuka N, Cunningham W, Kaneene JB, Xagoraraki I. Viral diversity and abundance in polluted waters in Kampala, Uganda. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 127:41-49. [PMID: 29031798 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne viruses are a significant cause of human disease, especially in developing countries such as Uganda. A total of 15 virus-selective samples were collected at five sites (Bugolobi Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) influent and effluent, Nakivubo Channel upstream and downstream of the WWTP, and Nakivubo Swamp) in July and August 2016. Quantitative PCR and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine the concentrations of four human viruses (adenovirus, enterovirus, rotavirus, and hepatitis A virus) in the samples. Adenovirus (1.53*105-1.98*107 copies/L) and enterovirus (3.17*105-8.13*107 copies/L) were found to have the highest concentrations in the samples compared to rotavirus (5.79*101-3.77*103 copies/L) and hepatitis A virus (9.93*102-1.11*104 copies/L). In addition, next-generation sequencing and metagenomic analyses were performed to assess viral diversity, and several human and vertebrate viruses were detected, including Herpesvirales, Iridoviridae, Poxviridae, Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Bunyaviridae and others. Effluent from the wastewater treatment plant appears to impact surface water, as samples taken from surface water downstream of the treatment plant had higher viral concentrations than samples taken upstream. Temporal fluctuations in viral abundance and diversity were also observed. Continuous monitoring of wastewater may contribute to assessing viral disease patterns at a population level and provide early warning of potential outbreaks using wastewater-based epidemiology methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan O'Brien
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Joyce Nakyazze
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Huiyun Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Noah Kiwanuka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Cunningham
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - John B Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Irene Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marti E, Ferrary-Américo M, Barardi CRM. Detection of Potential Infectious Enteric Viruses in Fresh Produce by (RT)-qPCR Preceded by Nuclease Treatment. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2017; 9:444-452. [PMID: 28452009 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses associated with contaminated fresh produce are a common public health problem and there is an upward trend of outbreaks caused by enteric viruses, especially human noroviruses (HNoVs) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). This study aimed to assess the use of DNase and RNase coupled to qPCR and RT-qPCR, respectively, to detect intact particles of human adenoviruses (HAdVs), HNoV GI and GII and HAV in fresh produce. Different concentrations of DNase and RNase were tested to optimize the degradation of free DNA and RNA from inactivated HAdV and murine norovirus (MNV), respectively. Results indicated that 10 µg/ml of RNase was able to degrade more than 4 log10 (99.99%) of free RNA, and 1 U of DNase degraded the range of 0.84-2.5 log10 of free DNA depending on the fresh produce analysed. The treatment with nucleases coupled to (RT)-qPCR was applied to detect potential infectious virus in organic lettuce, green onions and strawberries collected in different seasons. As a result, no intact particles of HNoV GI and GII were detected in the 36 samples analysed, HAdV was found in one sample and HAV was present in 33.3% of the samples, without any reasonable distribution pattern among seasons. In conclusion, RT-qPCR preceded by RNase treatment of eluted samples from fresh produce is a good alternative to detect undamaged RNA viruses and therefore, potential infectious viruses. Moreover, this study provides data about the prevalence of enteric viruses in organic fresh produce from Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Marti
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil.
| | - Monique Ferrary-Américo
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Monte Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, CEP: 88040-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ye K, Manzano M, Muzzi R, Gin KYH, Saeidi N, Goh SG, Tok AIY, Marks RS. Development of a chemiluminescent DNA fibre optic genosensor to Hepatitis A Virus (HAV). Talanta 2017; 174:401-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Staggemeier R, Heck TMS, Demoliner M, Ritzel RGF, Röhnelt NMS, Girardi V, Venker CA, Spilki FR. Enteric viruses and adenovirus diversity in waters from 2016 Olympic venues. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:304-312. [PMID: 28185736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rio de Janeiro's inner and coastal waters are heavily impacted by human sewage pollution for decades. Enteric viruses, including human adenoviruses (HAdV), human enterovirus (EV), group A rotavirus (RV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are more likely to be found in contaminated surface waters. The present work aimed to assess the frequency and loads of EV, HAdV-C and -F species, RV and HAV in sand and water samples from venues used during the 2016 Summer Olympics and by tourists attending the event. Sixteen monthly collections were carried out from March 2015 to July 2016 in 12 different sites from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Total and thermotolerant coliform counting was performed along molecular detection of virus was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Analyses of all samples were further investigated by integrated cell culture PCR to check about the presence of HAdV infectious virus particles. The results show that 95.9% of water samples showed contamination with at least one type of virus. Regarding the viruses individually (% for water and sand respectively): HAdV-C (93.1%-57.8%), HAdV-F (25.3%-0%), RV (12.3%-4.4%), EV (26.7%-8.8%) and HAV (0%). The viral loads ranged from 103gc/L up to 109gc/L (water), and 103gc/g to 106gc/g (sand). In the phylogenetic tree, were classified into four main clusters, referring to species C, D, F and BAdV. And up to 90% of sites studied presented at least once presence of infectious HAdV-C. The most contaminated points were the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, where Olympic rowing took place, and the Marina da Glória, the starting point for the sailing races, demonstrating serious problem of fecal contamination of water resources and threatens the health of Olympic athletes, tourists and residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Staggemeier
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M S Heck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Meriane Demoliner
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Rute G F Ritzel
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Nicole M S Röhnelt
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Viviane Girardi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina A Venker
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Elmahdy M, Fongaro G, Magri M, Petruccio M, Barardi C. Spatial distribution of enteric viruses and somatic coliphages in a Lagoon used as drinking water source and recreation in Southern Brazil. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:617-625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
36
|
Del Bonis-O'Donnell JT, Vong D, Pennathur S, Fygenson DK. A universal design for a DNA probe providing ratiometric fluorescence detection by generation of silver nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14489-96. [PMID: 27406901 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (AgNCs), the fluorescence emission of which can rival that of typical organic fluorophores, have made possible a new class of label-free molecular beacons for the detection of single-stranded DNA. Like fluorophore-quencher molecular beacons (FQ-MBs) AgNC-based molecular beacons (AgNC-MBs) are based on a single-stranded DNA that undergoes a conformational change upon binding a target sequence. The new conformation exposes a stretch of single-stranded DNA capable of hosting a fluorescent AgNC upon reduction in the presence of Ag(+) ions. The utility of AgNC-MBs has been limited, however, because changing the target binding sequence unpredictably alters cluster fluorescence. Here we show that the original AgNC-MB design depends on bases in the target-binding (loop) domain to stabilize its AgNC. We then rationally alter the design to overcome this limitation. By separating and lengthening the AgNC-stabilizing domain, we create an AgNC-hairpin probe with consistent performance for arbitrary target sequence. This new design supports ratiometric fluorescence measurements of DNA target concentration, thereby providing a more sensitive, responsive and stable signal compared to turn-on AgNC probes. Using the new design, we demonstrate AgNC-MBs with nanomolar sensitivity and singe-nucleotide specificity, expanding the breadth of applicability of these cost-effective probes for biomolecular detection.
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu C, Wales SQ, Mammel MK, Hida K, Kulka M. Optimizing a custom tiling microarray for low input detection and identification of unamplified virus targets. J Virol Methods 2016; 234:54-64. [PMID: 27033182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are major pathogens causing foodborne illnesses and are often present at low levels in foods, thus requiring sensitive techniques for their detection in contaminated foods. The lack of efficient culture methods for many foodborne viruses and the potential for multi-species viral contamination have driven investigation toward non-amplification based methods for virus detection and identification. A custom DNA microarray (FDA_EVIR) was assessed for its sensitivity in the detection and identification of low-input virus targets, human hepatitis A virus, norovirus, and coxsackievirus, individually and in combination. Modifications to sample processing were made to accommodate low input levels of unamplified virus targets, which included addition of carrier cDNA, RNase treatment, and optimization of DNase I-mediated target fragmentation. Amplification-free detection and identification of foodborne viruses were achieved in the range of 250-500 copies of virus RNA. Alternative data analysis methods were employed to distinguish the genotypes of the viruses particularly at lower levels of target input and the single probe-based analysis approach made it possible to identify a minority species in a multi-virus complex. The oligonucleotide array is shown to be a promising platform to detect foodborne viruses at low levels close to what are anticipated in food or environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yu
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Samantha Q Wales
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Mark K Mammel
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Kaoru Hida
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Michael Kulka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Elmahdy EM, Fongaro G, Schissi CD, Petrucio MM, Barardi CRM. Enteric viruses in surface water and sediment samples from the catchment area of Peri Lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:142-154. [PMID: 26837838 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to quantify human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus species A (RVA), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in surface water and sediments and to determine the viability of HAdV in these samples. Water and sediment samples were collected, and HAdV, RVA, and HAV were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); HAdV was also evaluated for infectivity by a plaque assay (PA). For the water samples, HAdV was detected in 70.8% of the summer collections, with 82.4% containing infectious HAdV; the HAdV incidence in winter was 62.5%. For the sediment samples, the incidence of HAdV was 37.5% in the summer collections, with 66.7% containing infectious HAdV; the HAdV incidence in winter was 37.5%. RVA was detected in 20.8 and 45.8% of surface water samples collected in summer and winter, respectively, and 8.3 and 12.5% of sediment samples collected in summer and winter, respectively. HAV was detected only in surface waters, with 54.8 and 12.5% positivity in summer and winter samples, respectively. This study demonstrated that enteric viruses are present in water and sediments and that the presence of infectious viruses should be investigated whenever possible for quantitative microbial risk assessment studies. Combined analyses of water and sediments are important for reliable public health risk analysis of recreational and lagoon waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Elmahdy
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - G Fongaro
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - C D Schissi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - M M Petrucio
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Águas Continentais, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-970, Brazil
| | - C R M Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário s/n, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP. 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fongaro G, Padilha J, Schissi CD, Nascimento MA, Bampi GB, Viancelli A, Barardi CRM. Human and animal enteric virus in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:20060-6. [PMID: 26300358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the presence of human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus-A (RVA), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network waters. The water samples were collected and concentrated and the virus genomes were assessed and quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Infectious HAdV was evaluated in groundwater and network water samples by integrated cell culture using transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) (ICC-RT-qPCR). In recreational water samples, HAdV was detected in 100 % (6/6), HAV in 66.6 % (4/6), and RVA in 66.6 % (4/6). In network water, HAdV was detected in 100 % (6/6) of the samples (these 83 % contained infectious HAdV), although HAV and RVA were not detected and PCV2 was not evaluated. In groundwater from deep wells, during rainy period, HAdV and RVA were detected in 80 % (4/5) of the samples, and HAV and PCV2 were not detected; however, during dry period, HAdV and RVA were detected in 60 % (3/5), HAV in only one sample, and PCV2 in 60 % (4/5). In groundwater, all samples contained infectious HAdV. PCV2 presence in groundwater is indicative of contamination caused by swine manure in Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The disinfection of human and animal wastes is urgent, since they can contaminate surface and groundwater, being a potential threat for public and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - J Padilha
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - C D Schissi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M A Nascimento
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - G B Bampi
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - A Viancelli
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - C R M Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Del Bonis-O'Donnell JT, Fygenson DK, Pennathur S. Fluorescent silver nanocluster DNA probes for multiplexed detection using microfluidic capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2015; 140:1609-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01735h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We tune the electrophoretic mobilities of silver nanocluster DNA probes for Hepatitis A, B and C targets for single-color multiplexing by microfluidic capillary electrophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumita Pennathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of California Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yard EE, Murphy MW, Schneeberger C, Narayanan J, Hoo E, Freiman A, Lewis LS, Hill VR. Microbial and chemical contamination during and after flooding in the Ohio River-Kentucky, 2011. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:1236-43. [PMID: 24967556 PMCID: PMC5629288 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.910036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface water contaminants in Kentucky during and after 2011 flooding were characterized. Surface water samples were collected during flood stage (May 2-4, 2011; n = 15) and after (July 25-26, 2011; n = 8) from four different cities along the Ohio River and were analyzed for the presence of microbial indicators, pathogens, metals, and chemical contaminants. Contaminant concentrations during and after flooding were compared using linear and logistic regression. Surface water samples collected during flooding had higher levels of E. coli, enterococci, Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli O157:H7, adenovirus, arsenic, copper, iron, lead, and zinc compared to surface water samples collected 3-months post-flood (P < 0.05). These results suggest that flooding increases microbial and chemical loads in surface water. These findings reinforce commonly recommended guidelines to limit exposure to flood water and to appropriately sanitize contaminated surfaces and drinking wells after contamination by flood water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Yard
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew W. Murphy
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chandra Schneeberger
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jothikumar Narayanan
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hoo
- Kentucky Department for Public Health, Division of Public Health Protection & Safety and Division of Epidemiology & Health Planning, Frankfort, Kentucky, USA
- Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander Freiman
- Kentucky Department for Public Health, Division of Public Health Protection & Safety and Division of Epidemiology & Health Planning, Frankfort, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lauren S. Lewis
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vincent R. Hill
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hu Y, Arsov I. A rapid single-tube protocol for HAV detection by nested real-time PCR. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2014; 6:189-195. [PMID: 24902810 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Infections by food-borne viruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) and norovirus are significant public health concerns worldwide. Since food-borne viruses are rarely confirmed through direct isolation from contaminated samples, highly sensitive molecular techniques remain the methods of choice for the detection of viral genetic material. Our group has previously developed a specific nested real-time PCR (NRT-PCR) assay for HAV detection that improved overall sensitivity. Furthermore in this study, we have developed a single-tube NRT-PCR approach for HAV detection in food samples that reduces the likelihood of cross contamination between tubes during sample manipulation. HAV RNA was isolated from HAV-spiked food samples and HAV-infected cell cultures. All reactions following HAV RNA isolation, including conventional reverse transcriptase PCR, nested-PCR, and RT-PCR were performed in a single tube. Our results demonstrated that all the samples tested positive by RT-PCR and nested-PCR were also positive by a single-tube NRT-PCR. The detection limits observed for HAV-infected cell cultures and HAV-spiked green onions were 0.1 and 1 PFU, respectively. This novel method retained the specificity and robustness of the original NRT-PCR method, while greatly reducing sample manipulation, turnaround time, and the risk of carry-over contamination. Single-tube NRT-PCR thus represents a promising new tool that can potentially facilitate the detection of HAV in foods thereby improving food safety and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- FDA, Northeast Regional Laboratory, 158-15 Liberty Avenue, Jamaica, NY, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mohan V, Rawat S, Lokesh KM, Mohan HV, Avinash Reddy D, Kumar A, Bhilegaonkar KN. Comparison of three methods for concentration of rotavirus from artificially spiked shellfish samples. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.463-466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
44
|
Seasonal and regional prevalence of norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, and rotavirus in shellfish harvested from South Korea. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
45
|
Qiu F, Cao J, Su Q, Yi Y, Bi S. Multiplex hydrolysis probe real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9780-8. [PMID: 24886818 PMCID: PMC4100120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of hepatitis viral infections has traditionally relied on the circulating antibody test using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, multiplex real-time PCR has been increasingly used for a variety of viral nucleic acid detections and has proven to be superior to traditional methods. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are the major causes of acute hepatitis worldwide; both HAV and HEV infection are a main public health problem. In the present study, a one-step multiplex reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay using hydrolysis probes was developed for simultaneously detecting HAV and HEV. This novel detection system proved specific to the target viruses, to be highly sensitive and to be applicable to clinical sera samples, making it useful for rapid, accurate and feasible identification of HAV and HEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jingyuan Cao
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qiudong Su
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yao Yi
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shengli Bi
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Road, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Abstract
The chapter begins by establishing the definition of soft fruit, then discusses microbial and chemical hazards that might be found in soft fruit. Methods developed for virus detection in soft fruit are reviewed and, finally, the factors that mainly affect virus detection are detailed as these pathogens are currently linked to outbreaks caused by soft fruit consumption.
Collapse
|
48
|
Souza DSM, Piazza RS, Pilotto MR, Nascimento MDAD, Moresco V, Taniguchi S, Leal DAG, Schmidt ÉC, Cargin-Ferreira E, Bícego MC, Sasaki ST, Montone RC, de Araujo RA, Franco RMB, Bouzon ZL, Bainy ACD, Barardi CRM. Virus, protozoa and organic compounds decay in depurated oysters. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:337-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
49
|
De Keuckelaere A, Stals A, Baert L, Uyttendaele M. Performance of Two Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for the Quantification of GI and GII Noroviruses and Hepatitis A Virus in Environmental Water Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
50
|
Qiu F, Zheng H, Yi Y, Jia Z, Cao J, Bi S. Comparative evaluation of a novel TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis A virus detection. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:427-34. [PMID: 23569019 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513476434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a novel system for detecting and quantifying hepatitis A virus (HAV) nucleic acid. METHODS Real-time TaqMan® reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures were established, based on amplification of the highly conserved 5'-non-coding region. Synthetic single-stranded RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro were used as the quantification standard. Ten-fold dilutions were prepared from HAV strain stock suspension to determine precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. In addition, serum specimens from patients with acute HAV underwent clinical evaluation. RESULTS The novel assay had a detection limit for HAV RNA of 10 TCID50/ml (where TCID50 is median tissue culture infective dose). It was more sensitive and specific than the commercial quantitative PCR kit manufactured by Shanghai Zhijiang Bio-Tech. However, the Artus HAV RT-PCR kit (Qiagen) had the best performance of the three assays and had a detection limit of 5 TCID50/ml. The new HAV real-time PCR detection system was also successfully applied in 90 serum specimens from patients with confirmed acute HAV infection. CONCLUSION Considering its high reproducibility, sensitivity, specificity and simplicity, this novel amplification system may be suitable for wide clinical application as a diagnostic tool, and for the surveillance and investigation of infectious diseases in developing countries where HAV is endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|