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Pereira AR, Rooney LM, Gomes IB, Simões M, McConnell G. The impact of methylparaben and chlorine on the architecture of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175646. [PMID: 39168334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The biofilm architecture is significantly influenced by external environmental conditions. Biofilms grown on drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are exposed to environmental contaminants, including parabens, and disinfection strategies, such as chlorine. Although changes in biofilm density and culturability from chemical exposure are widely reported, little is known about the effects of parabens and chlorine on biofilm morphology and architecture. This is the first study evaluating architectural changes in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colony biofilms (representatives of bacterial communities presented in DWDS) induced by the exposure to methylparaben (MP) at environmental (15 μg/L) and in-use (15 mg/L) concentrations, and chlorine at 5 mg/L, using widefield epi-fluorescence mesoscopy with Mesolens. The GFP fluorescence of colony biofilms allowed the visualization of internal structures and Nile Red fluorescence permitted the inspection of the distribution of lipids. Our data show that exposure to MP triggers physiological and morphological adaptation in mature colony biofilms by increasing the complexity of internal structures, which may confer protection to embedded cells from external chemical molecules. These architectural modifications include changes in lipid distribution as an adaptive response to MP exposure. Although chlorine exposure affected colony biofilm diameter and architecture, the colony roundness was completely affected by the simultaneous presence of MP and chlorine. This work is pioneer in using Mesolens to highlight the risks of exposure to emerging environmental contaminants (MP), by affecting the architecture of biofilms formed by drinking water (DW) bacteria, even when combined with routine disinfection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Liam M Rooney
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gail McConnell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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Xu Y, Zhang D, Li H, Ye H, Bai M, Jiang G, Li X. Unraveling the determinants of antibiotic resistance evolution in farmland under fertilizations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134802. [PMID: 38838525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic fertilization is a major driver potentiating soil antibiotic resistance in farmland. However, it remains unclear how bacterial antibiotic resistance evolves in fertilized soils and even spreads to crops. Compared with no fertilizer and commercial fertilizer treatments, organic fertilizers markedly increased the abundance of soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) but the relatively weaker transfer of resistance genes from soil to crops. The introduction of organic fertilizers enriches the soil with nutrients, driving indigenous microorganisms towards a K-strategy. The pH, EC, and nutrients as key drivers influenced the ARGs abundance. The neutral (pH 7.2), low salt (TDS 1.4 %) and mesotrophic (carbon content 3.54 g/L) habitats similar to the soil environment conditioned by organic fertilizers. These environmental conditions clearly prolonged the persistence of resistant plasmids, and facilitated their dissemination to massive conjugators soil microbiome but not to plant endophytes. This suggested that organic fertilizers inhibited the spread of ARGs to crops. Moreover, the composition of conjugators showed differential selection of resistant plasmids by endophytes under these conditions. This study sheds light on the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in farmlands and can aid in the development of antimicrobial resistance control strategies in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA, Tianjin and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA, Tianjin and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China; College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Houyu Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA, Tianjin and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Huike Ye
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA, Tianjin and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Mohan Bai
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA, Tianjin and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Gaofei Jiang
- Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA, Tianjin and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin 300191, China.
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da Silva BDCT, de Carvalho DUOG, Sakauchi VTS, Ferreira JS, Cortez A, Heinemann MB, Gaeta NC. Investigating antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from exotic domestic birds - a One Health concern. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2024; 46:e001624. [PMID: 39119241 PMCID: PMC11308690 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm001624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a natural mechanism in microorganisms, making the treatment of infections more complex in human and veterinary medicine. Global exotic and ornamental bird markets have significantly increased, and the close relationship between pets and humans makes exploring the potential role of these birds as vectors for the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria imperative. This study aimed to use culture-dependent methods to investigate cloacal bacteria and the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in four breeding stocks of ornamental birds. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 53 birds (canaries = 32, cockatiels = 17, and budgies = 4) and used for culturing and isolating facultative anaerobic and/or obligatory aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of each isolate was determined by the disk diffusion method. Thirty-four isolates were obtained, most of which belonged to the Staphylococcus genus. Bacterial richness was higher in canaries and in one of the breeding stockings, where Gram-negative bacteria were more abundant than in the others. In addition, canaries exhibited a predominance of resistant isolates, particularly multidrug-resistant strains, probably due to prophylactic antimicrobial usage. Most Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to at least one drug tested. A vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strain was isolated. Most Staphylococcus strains were resistant to gentamycin, followed by penicillin. Eight strains were cefoxitin-resistant, including oxacillin-resistant S. epidermidis, in which the mecA gene was detected. Understanding the prevalence of resistance in avian species is crucial in the collaborative pursuit of maintaining antibiotic effectiveness and strengthening public health defense against emerging infectious risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca da Costa Tavares da Silva
- Veterinarian, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Victoria Tiemi Sorbello Sakauchi
- Veterinarian, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Soares Ferreira
- Veterinarian, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Cortez
- Veterinarian, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), Santo Amaro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Veterinarian, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natália Carrillo Gaeta
- Veterinarian, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Veterinarian, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdades Integradas Campos Salles (FICS), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Crisan CV, Pettis ML, Goldberg JB. Antibacterial potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex cystic fibrosis isolates. mSphere 2024; 9:e0033524. [PMID: 38980073 PMCID: PMC11288042 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00335-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 160,000 people worldwide suffer from cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic condition that causes mucus to accumulate in internal organs. Lung decline is a significant health burden for people with CF (pwCF), and chronic bacterial pulmonary infections are a major cause of death. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (Smc) is an emerging, multidrug-resistant CF pathogen that can cause pulmonary exacerbations and result in higher mortality. However, little is known about the antagonistic interactions that occur between Smc isolates from pwCF and competitor bacteria. We obtained 13 Smc isolates from adult and pediatric pwCF located in the United States or Australia. We co-cultured these isolates with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. We also performed whole-genome sequencing of these Smc isolates and compared their genomes using average nucleotide identity analyses. We observed that some Smc CF isolates can engage in antagonistic interactions with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus but recovered a substantial number of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells following co-cultures with all tested Smc isolates. By contrast, we discovered that most Smc CF isolates display strong antibacterial properties against E. coli cells and reduce recovery below detectable limits. Finally, we demonstrate that Smc CF strains from this study belong to diverse phylogenetic lineages. IMPORTANCE Antagonism toward competitor bacteria may be important for the survival of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (Smc) in external environments, for the elimination of commensal species and colonization of upper respiratory tracts to enable early infections, and for competition against other pathogens after establishing chronic infections. These intermicrobial interactions could facilitate the acquisition of Smc by people with cystic fibrosis from environmental or nosocomial sources. Elucidating the mechanisms used by Smc to eliminate other bacteria could lead to new insights into the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian V. Crisan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory+Children’s Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Joanna B. Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory+Children’s Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Río-Chacón JMD, Rojas-Larios F, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, Salas-Treviño D, Espinoza-Gómez F, Camacho-Ortiz A, Flores-Treviño S. Biofilm Eradication of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by Levofloxacin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:213-219. [PMID: 38296539 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermenting Gram-negative drug-resistant pathogen that causes healthcare-associated infections. Clinical isolates from Mexico were assessed for biofilm formation using crystal violet staining. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated in planktonic and biofilm cells using the broth microdilution method. The effects of antibiotics on biofilms were visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Fifty isolates were included in this study, of which 14 (28%) were biofilm producers (9 [64%] from blood and 5 [36%] from respiratory samples). In planktonic cells 4/50 (8%) of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin (8.0%) and 22/50 (44%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were resistant to levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in biofilm cells. Bacterial biofilms treated with different concentrations of both antibiotics were completely disrupted. In conclusion, S. maltophilia isolated from blood had higher biofilm production than those isolated from respiratory samples. Biofilm production was associated with increased antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic monotherapy might not be the best course of action for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections in Mexico, because it might cause biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Daniel Salas-Treviño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Samantha Flores-Treviño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico
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Montoya-Hinojosa EI, Villarreal-Treviño L, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, Camacho-Ortiz A, Flores-Treviño S. Drug Resistance in Biofilm and Planktonic Cells of Achromobacter spp., Burkholderia spp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2024. [PMID: 39029506 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Biofilm production in nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria influences drug resistance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different antibiotics on biofilm eradication of clinical isolates of Achromobacter, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Methods: Clinical isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in a third-level hospital in Monterrey, Mexico. Crystal violet staining was used to determine biofilm production. Drug susceptibility testing was determined by broth microdilution in planktonic cells and biofilm cells. Results: Resistance in planktonic cells was moderate to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and low to chloramphenicol, minocycline, levofloxacin (S. maltophilia and Burkholderia), ceftazidime, and meropenem (Burkholderia and Achromobacter). Biofilm eradication required higher drug concentrations of ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than planktonic cells (p < 0.05). Levofloxacin showed biofilm eradication activity in S. maltophilia, minocycline and meropenem in Burkholderia, and meropenem in Achromobacter. Conclusions: Drug resistance increased due to biofilm production for some antibiotics, particularly ceftazidime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for all three pathogens, chloramphenicol for S. maltophilia and Burkholderia, and levofloxacin for Burkholderia. Some antibiotics could be used for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections in our population, such as levofloxacin for S. maltophilia, minocycline and meropenem for Burkholderia, and meropenem for Achromobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edeer Iván Montoya-Hinojosa
- Departament of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Licet Villarreal-Treviño
- Departament of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González" and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Madero S/N esq Avenida Gonzalitos, Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González" and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Madero S/N esq Avenida Gonzalitos, Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Samantha Flores-Treviño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González" and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Madero S/N esq Avenida Gonzalitos, Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Mexico
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7
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Cobe BL, Dey S, Minasov G, Inniss N, Satchell KJF, Cianciotto NP. Bactericidal effectors of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia type IV secretion system: functional definition of the nuclease TfdA and structural determination of TfcB. mBio 2024; 15:e0119824. [PMID: 38832773 PMCID: PMC11253643 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01198-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia expresses a type IV protein secretion system (T4SS) that promotes contact-dependent killing of other bacteria and does so partly by secreting the effector TfcB. Here, we report the structure of TfcB, comprising an N-terminal domain similar to the catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolase (GH-19) chitinases and a C-terminal domain for recognition and translocation by the T4SS. Utilizing a two-hybrid assay to measure effector interactions with the T4SS coupling protein VirD4, we documented the existence of five more T4SS substrates. One of these was protein 20845, an annotated nuclease. A S. maltophilia mutant lacking the gene for 20845 was impaired for killing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the cloned 20845 gene conferred robust toxicity, with the recombinant E. coli being rescued when 20845 was co-expressed with its cognate immunity protein. The 20845 effector was an 899 amino-acid protein, comprised of a GHH-nuclease domain in its N-terminus, a large central region of indeterminant function, and a C-terminus for secretion. Engineered variants of the 20845 gene that had mutations in the predicted catalytic site did not impede E. coli, indicating that the antibacterial effect of 20845 involves its nuclease activity. Using flow cytometry with DNA staining, we determined that 20845, but not its mutant variants, confers a loss in DNA content of target bacteria. Database searches revealed that uncharacterized homologs of 20845 occur within a range of bacteria. These data indicate that the S. maltophilia T4SS promotes interbacterial competition through the action of multiple toxic effectors, including a potent, novel DNase.IMPORTANCEStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multi-drug-resistant, Gram-negative bacterium that is an emerging pathogen of humans. Patients with cystic fibrosis are particularly susceptible to S. maltophilia infection. In hospital water systems and various types of infections, S. maltophilia co-exists with other bacteria, including other pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We previously demonstrated that S. maltophilia has a functional VirB/D4 type VI protein secretion system (T4SS) that promotes contact-dependent killing of other bacteria. Since most work on antibacterial systems involves the type VI secretion system, this observation remains noteworthy. Moreover, S. maltophilia currently stands alone as a model for a human pathogen expressing an antibacterial T4SS. Using biochemical, genetic, and cell biological approaches, we now report both the discovery of a novel antibacterial nuclease (TfdA) and the first structural determination of a bactericidal T4SS effector (TfcB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L. Cobe
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Supratim Dey
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - George Minasov
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Inniss
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karla J. F. Satchell
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Cianciotto
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kamiya T, Naka S, Watabe T, Matsunaga K, Isohashi K, Sasaki H, Okamura K, Iwao K, Yabata I, Tatsumi M, Kato H, Fujino K. Abnormal localized [ 18F]FDG accumulation in a Hoffman 3D brain phantom caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06816-5. [PMID: 38981951 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kamiya
- Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan, Osaka, 2-15, Yamadaoka.
| | - Sadahiro Naka
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan, Osaka, 2-15, Yamadaoka
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsunaga
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayako Isohashi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Sasaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan, Osaka, 2-15, Yamadaoka
| | - Keita Okamura
- Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan, Osaka, 2-15, Yamadaoka
| | - Kana Iwao
- Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan, Osaka, 2-15, Yamadaoka
| | - Isamu Yabata
- Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan, Osaka, 2-15, Yamadaoka
| | - Mitsuaki Tatsumi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Radioisotope Medicine, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan, Osaka, 2-4, Yamadaoka
| | - Koichi Fujino
- Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan, Osaka, 2-15, Yamadaoka
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9
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Zhang T, Wu H, Ma C, Yang Y, Li H, Yang Z, Zhou S, Shi D, Chen T, Yang D, Li J, Jin M. Emergence of colistin-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with high virulence in natural aquatic environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173221. [PMID: 38750746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The presence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in aquatic environments poses great health risks to immunocompromised individuals because of its multidrug resistance and resultant high mortality. However, a significant gap exists in the isolation and understanding of colistin-resistant S. maltophilia in aquatic environments. In this study, nine colistin-resistant S. maltophilia strains isolated from natural lakes were explored, and their phylogenetic relationship, biofilm formation, virulence, and antibiotic resistance profiles and underlying genetic determinants were assessed. After genome analysis, besides known multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of ST532, new assigned ST965 and ST966 which phylogenetically clustered into soil isolates were found firstly. All the isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and even colistin, with the highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against colistin reaching 640 mg/L. Comparative genomic analysis revealed aph(3')-Iic, blaL1, tetT, phoP, mcr-3, arnA, pmrE, and efflux pump genes as the genetic determinants underlying this multidrug resistance. Notably, the biofilm-forming capacities of the newly discovered ST965 and ST966 isolates were significant stronger than those of the known ST532 isolates (p < 0.01), resulting in the death of over 50 % of the Galleria mellonella population within 1 day of injection. The ST965 isolates demonstrated the highest virulence against G. mellonella, followed by the ST966 isolates and ST532 isolates which was phylogenetically clustered with clinical isolates, indicating that the novel S. maltophilia strains of ST965 and ST966 may pose considerable health risks to humans. Our findings provide insights into colistin-resistant S. maltophilia in aquatic environments and raise concerns about the health risks posed by the newly assigned sequence types of colistin-resistant S. maltophilia with potential high virulence in natural aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yidi Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Haibei Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhongwei Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuqing Zhou
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Danyang Shi
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Tianjiao Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Junwen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, No.1 Dali Road, Tianjin 300050, China.
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AlFonaisan MK, Mubaraki MA, Althawadi SI, Obeid DA, Al-Qahtani AA, Almaghrabi RS, Alhamlan FS. Temporal analysis of prevalence and antibiotic-resistance patterns in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in a 19-year retrospective study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14459. [PMID: 38914597 PMCID: PMC11196270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermenting gram-negative bacterium associated with multiple nosocomial outbreaks. Antibiotic resistance increases healthcare costs, disease severity, and mortality. Multidrug-resistant infections (such as S. maltophilia infection) are difficult to treat with conventional antimicrobials. This study aimed to investigate the isolation rates, and resistance trends of S. maltophilia infections over the past 19 years, and provide future projections until 2030. In total, 4466 patients with S. maltophilia infection were identified. The adult and main surgical intensive care unit (ICU) had the highest numbers of patients (32.2%), followed by the cardiology department (29.8%), and the paediatric ICU (10%). The prevalence of S. maltophilia isolation increased from 7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3-7.7%] in 2004-2007 to 15% [95% CI 10.7-19.9%] in 2020-2022. Most S. maltophilia isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (72.5%), levofloxacin (56%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (14.05%), according to our study. A consistent and significant difference was found between S. maltophilia-positive ICU patients and non-ICU patients (P = 0.0017) during the three-year pandemic of COVID-19 (2019-2021). The prevalence of S. maltophilia isolates is expected to reach 15.08% [95% CI 12.58-17.59%] by 2030. Swift global action is needed to address this growing issue; healthcare authorities must set priorities and monitor infection escalations and treatment shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal K AlFonaisan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.BOX 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty Member, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murad A Mubaraki
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar I Althawadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia A Obeid
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.BOX 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S Almaghrabi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O.BOX 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Lin TH, Chung HY, Jian MJ, Chang CK, Lin HH, Yu CM, Perng CL, Chang FY, Chen CW, Shang HS. Innovative strategies against superbugs: Developing an AI-CDSS for precise Stenotrophomonas maltophilia treatment. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 38:173-180. [PMID: 38909685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The World Health Organization named Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) a critical multi-drug resistant threat, necessitating rapid diagnostic strategies. Traditional culturing methods require up to 96 h, including 72 h for bacterial growth, identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) through protein profile analysis, and 24 h for antibiotic susceptibility testing. In this study, we aimed at developing an artificial intelligence-clinical decision support system (AI-CDSS) by integrating MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning to quickly identify levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in SM, optimizing treatment decisions. METHODS We selected 8,662 SM from 165,299 MALDI-TOF MS-analysed bacterial specimens, collected from a major medical centre and four secondary hospitals. We exported mass-to-charge values and intensity spectral profiles from MALDI-TOF MS .mzML files to predict antibiotic susceptibility testing results, obtained with the VITEK-2 system using machine learning algorithms. We optimized the models with GridSearchCV and 5-fold cross-validation. RESULTS We identified distinct spectral differences between resistant and susceptible SM strains, demonstrating crucial resistance features. The machine learning models, including random forest, light-gradient boosting machine, and XGBoost, exhibited high accuracy. We established an AI-CDSS to offer healthcare professionals swift, data-driven advice on antibiotic use. CONCLUSIONS MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning integration into an AI-CDSS significantly improved rapid SM resistance detection. This system reduced the identification time of resistant strains from 24 h to minutes after MALDI-TOF MS identification, providing timely and data-driven guidance. Combining MALDI-TOF MS with machine learning could enhance clinical decision-making and improve SM infection treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Han Lin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsing-Yi Chung
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jr Jian
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Hsin Lin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Mei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cherng-Lih Perng
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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12
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Li Y, Yu Z, Fan X, Xu D, Liu H, Zhao X, Wang R. A novel pathogenic species of genus Stenotrophomonas: Stenotrophomonas pigmentata sp. nov. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1410385. [PMID: 38903940 PMCID: PMC11188353 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1410385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stenotrophomonas is a prominent genus owing to its dual nature. Species of this genus have many applications in industry and agriculture as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and microbial biological control agents, whereas species such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are considered one of the leading gram-negative multi-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens because of their high contribution to the increase in crude mortality and significant clinical challenge. Pathogenic Stenotrophomonas species and most clinical isolates belong to the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (SMc). However, a strain highly homologous to S. terrae was isolated from a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which aroused our interest, as S. terrae belongs to a relatively distant clade from SMc and there have been no human association reports. Methods The pathogenicity, immunological and biochemical characteristics of 610A2T were systematically evaluated. Results 610A2T is a new species of genus Stenotrophomonas, which is named as Stenotrophomonas pigmentata sp. nov. for its obvious brown water-soluble pigment. 610A2T is pathogenic and caused significant weight loss, pulmonary congestion, and blood transmission in mice because it has multiple virulence factors, haemolysis, and strong biofilm formation abilities. In addition, the cytokine response induced by this strain was similar to that observed in patients with TB, and the strain was resistant to half of the anti-TB drugs. Conclusions The pathogenicity of 610A2T may not be weaker than that of S. maltophilia. Its isolation extended the opportunistic pathogenic species to all 3 major clades of the genus Stenotrophomonas, indicating that the clinical importance of species of Stenotrophomonas other than S. maltophilia and potential risks to biological safety associated with the use of Stenotrophomonas require more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruibai Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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13
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Blakney AJC, Morvan S, Lucotte M, Moingt M, Charbonneau A, Bipfubusa M, Gonzalez E, Pitre FE. Site properties, environmental factors, and crop identify influence soil bacterial communities more than municipal biosolid application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171854. [PMID: 38522550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Reducing the environmental impact of Canadian field crop agriculture, including the reliance on conventional synthesised fertilisers, are key societal targets for establishing long-term sustainable practices. Municipal biosolids (MSB) are an abundant, residual organic material, rich in phosphate, nitrogen and other oligo-nutrients, that could be used in conjunction with conventional fertilisers to decrease their use. Though MBS have previously been shown to be an effective fertiliser substitute for different crops, including corn and soybean, there remain key knowledge gaps concerning the impact of MBS on the resident soil bacterial communities in agro-ecosystems. We hypothesised that the MBS fertiliser amendment would not significantly impact the structure or function of the soil bacterial communities, nor contribute to the spread of human pathogenic bacteria, in corn or soybean agricultural systems. In field experiments, fertiliser regimes for both crops were amended with MBS, and compared to corn and soybean plots with standard fertiliser treatments. We repeated this across four different agricultural sites in Quebec, over 2021 and 2022. We sampled MBS-treated, and untreated soils, and identified the composition of the soil bacterial communities via 16S rRNA metabarcoding. We found no indication that the MBS fertiliser amendment altered the structure of the soil bacterial communities, but rather that the soil type and crop identities were the most significant factors in structuring the bacterial communities. Moreover, there was no evidence that the MBS-treated soils were enriched in potential human bacterial pathogens over the two years of our study. Our analysis indicates that not only can MBS function as substitutes for conventional, synthesised fertilisers, but that they also do not disrupt the structure of the resident soil bacterial communities in the short term. Finally, we suggest that the use of MBS in agro-ecosystems poses no greater concern to the public than existing soil bacterial communities. This highlights the significant role MBS could potentially have in reducing the use of conventional industrial fertilisers and improving agricultural production, without risking environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J C Blakney
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Simon Morvan
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X3Y7, Canada.
| | - Matthieu Moingt
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X3Y7, Canada
| | - Ariane Charbonneau
- GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X3Y7, Canada
| | - Marie Bipfubusa
- Centre de Recherche sur les Grains, Inc. (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC J3G 0E2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric E Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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14
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Xia H, Lin J, Wang Y, Yu J, Wang H, Cheng C, Yang Y, Bian T, Wu Y, Liu Q. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia contributes to smoking-related emphysema through IRF1-triggered PANoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123913. [PMID: 38582189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS), the main source of indoor air pollution and the primary risk factor for respiratory diseases, contains chemicals that can perturb microbiota through antibiotic effects. Although smoking induces a disturbance of microbiota in the lower respiratory tract, whether and how it contributes to initiation or promotion of emphysema are not well clarified. Here, we demonstrated an aberrant microbiome in lung tissue of patients with smoking-related COPD. We found that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) was expanded in lung tissue of patients with smoking-related COPD. We revealed that S. maltophilia drives PANoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells and represses formation of alveolar organoids through IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1). Mechanistically, IRF1 accelerated transcription of ZBP1 (Z-DNA Binding Protein 1) in S. maltophilia-infected alveolar epithelial cells. Elevated ZBP1 served as a component of the PANoptosome, which triggered PANoptosis in these cells. By using of alveolar organoids infected by S. maltophilia, we found that targeting of IRF1 mitigated S. maltophilia-induced injury of these organoids. Moreover, the expansion of S. maltophilia and the expression of IRF1 negatively correlated with the progression of emphysema. Thus, the present study provides insights into the mechanism of lung dysbiosis in smoking-related COPD, and presents a potential target for mitigation of COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xia
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Lin
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Bian
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Singh H, Gibb B, Abdi R. Abundance and diversity of methicillin-resistant bacteria from bathroom surfaces at workplaces using CHROMagar media, 16S, and dnaJ gene sequence typing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2024; 15:12-21. [PMID: 38736754 PMCID: PMC11087278 DOI: 10.62347/ejqk3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
University campus communities consist of dynamic and diverse human populations originated from different regions of the country or the world. Their national/global movement to and from campus may contribute to the spread and buildup of methicillin-resistant (MR) bacteria, including MR Staphylococci (MRS) on high-touch surfaces, sinks, and toilets. However, studies on MR bacteria contamination of surfaces, sinks, and toilets are scarce in workplaces outside of healthcare settings. Hence, little is known whether university communities contaminate campus bathrooms by MR bacteria. This study evaluated the abundance, identity, and phylogenetics of MR bacteria grown on CHROMagar MRSA media from bathrooms at workplaces. We collected 21 sink and 21 toilet swab samples from 10 buildings on campus and cultured them on CHROMagar MRSA media, extracted DNA from MR bacteria colonies, sequenced PCR products of 16S and dnaJ primers, determined the sequence identities by BLAST search, and constructed a phylogenetic tree. Of 42 samples, 57.1% (24/42) harbored MR bacteria. MR bacteria were more prevalent on the sink (61.9%) than in the toilet (52.2%) and in male bathrooms (54.2%) than in female bathrooms (41.7%). The colony count on the bathroom surfaces of 42 samples varied in that 42.9% (18/42), 33.3, 14.3, and 9.5% of samples harbored 0, 100, and > 1000 MR bacteria colonies, respectively. Of MR bacteria sequenced, BLAST search and phylogenetic analysis showed that Staphylococcus accounted for 60% of the MR bacteria and the rest were non-Staphylococci. Of Staphylococcus carrying MR (n = 15), 53.3% were S. hemolyticus followed by S. lugdunensis (26.7%), S. epidermidis (8%), and a newly discovered S. borealis in 2020 (4%). Of non-Staphylococci MR bacteria, 20% accounted for Sphingomonas koreensis. Campus bathrooms serve as a reservoir for diverse bacteria carrying MR, which pose a direct risk of infection and a potential source of horizontal gene transfer. To reduce the health risk posed by MR bacteria in high traffic areas such as bathrooms additional environmental monitoring and improved decontamination practices are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshul Singh
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Theobald Science Center, New York Institute of Technology (NYIT)Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University (LIU)Greenville, NY 11548, USA
| | - Bryan Gibb
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Theobald Science Center, New York Institute of Technology (NYIT)Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Reta Abdi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University (LIU)Greenville, NY 11548, USA
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16
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El-Soudany I, Abdelwahab IA, Yakout MA. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of diclofenac against levofloxacin-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates; emphasizing repurposing of diclofenac. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 16:166-175. [PMID: 38854979 PMCID: PMC11162161 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i2.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug that is considered a non-antibiotic drug. This study assessed the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of diclofenac and levofloxacin/diclofenac combination against levofloxacin resistant isolates. Materials and Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using broth microdilution method for levofloxacin, diclofenac, and levofloxacin/diclofenac combination. Biofilm forming capacity and biofilm inhibition assay were determined. Relative gene expression was measured for efflux pump genes; smeB, and smeF genes and biofilm related genes rmlA, spgM, and rpfF without and with diclofenac and the combination. Results Diclofenac demonstrated MIC of 1 mg/ml. The combination-with ½ MIC diclofenac-showed synergism where levofloxacin MIC undergone 16-32 fold decrease. All the isolates that overexpressed smeB and smeF showed a significant decrease in gene expression in presence of diclofenac or the combination. The mean percentage inhibition of biofilm formation with diclofenac and the combination was 40.59% and 46.49%, respectively. This agreed with biofilm related genes expression investigations. Conclusion Diclofenac showed an antibacterial effect against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The combination showed in-vitro synergism, significant reduction in biofilm formation and in the relative level of gene expression. Furthermore, it can potentiate the levofloxacin activity or revert its resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingy El-Soudany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa Atef Yakout
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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Curcic J, Dinic M, Novovic K, Vasiljevic Z, Kojic M, Jovcic B, Malesevic M. A novel thermostable YtnP lactonase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130421. [PMID: 38423425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens are one of the biggest challenges facing the healthcare system today. Quorum quenching (QQ) enzymes have the potential to be used as innovative enzyme-based antivirulence therapeutics to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. The main objective of this research was to describe the novel YtnP lactonase derived from the clinical isolate Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and to investigate its antivirulence potential against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MMA83. YtnP lactonase, the QQ enzyme, belongs to the family of metallo-β-lactamases. The recombinant enzyme has several advantageous biotechnological properties, such as high thermostability, activity in a wide pH range, and no cytotoxic effect. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the activity of recombinant YtnP lactonase toward a wide range of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), quorum sensing signaling molecules, with a higher preference for long-chain AHLs. Recombinant YtnP lactonase was shown to inhibit P. aeruginosa MMA83 biofilm formation, induce biofilm decomposition, and reduce extracellular virulence factors production. Moreover, the lifespan of MMA83-infected Caenorhabditis elegans was prolonged with YtnP lactonase treatment. YtnP lactonase showed synergistic inhibitory activity in combination with gentamicin and acted additively with meropenem against MMA83. The described properties make YtnP lactonase a promising therapeutic candidate for the development of next-generation antivirulence agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Curcic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Novovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Vasiljevic
- Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia "Dr Vukan Čupić", Radoja Dakića 8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Vojvode Stepe 448, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Jovcic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milka Malesevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
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18
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Rivera J, Valerdi-Negreros JC, Vázquez-Enciso DM, Argueta-Zepeda FS, Vinuesa P. Phylogenomic, structural, and cell biological analyses reveal that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia replicates in acidified Rab7A-positive vacuoles of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0298823. [PMID: 38319117 PMCID: PMC10913462 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02988-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba species are clinically relevant free-living amoebae (FLA) ubiquitously found in soil and water bodies. Metabolically active trophozoites graze on diverse microbes via phagocytosis. However, functional studies on Rab GTPases (Rabs), which are critical for controlling vesicle trafficking and maturation, are scarce for this FLA. This knowledge gap can be partly explained by the limited genetic tools available for Acanthamoeba cell biology. Here, we developed plasmids to generate fusions of A. castellanii strain Neff proteins to the N- or C-termini of mEGFP and mCherry2. Phylogenomic and structural analyses of the 11 Neff Rab7 paralogs found in the RefSeq assembly revealed that eight of them had non-canonical sequences. After correcting the gene annotation for the Rab7A ortholog, we generated a line stably expressing an mEGFP-Rab7A fusion, demonstrating its correct localization to acidified macropinocytic and phagocytic vacuoles using fluorescence microscopy live cell imaging (LCI). Direct labeling of live Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ESTM1D_MKCAZ16_6a (Sm18) cells with pHrodo Red, a pH-sensitive dye, demonstrated that they reside within acidified, Rab7A-positive vacuoles. We constructed new mini-Tn7 delivery plasmids and tagged Sm18 with constitutively expressed mScarlet-I. Co-culture experiments of Neff trophozoites with Sm18::mTn7TC1_Pc_mScarlet-I, coupled with LCI and microplate reader assays, demonstrated that Sm18 underwent multiple replication rounds before reaching the extracellular medium via non-lytic exocytosis. We conclude that S. maltophilia belongs to the class of bacteria that can use amoeba as an intracellular replication niche within a Stenotrophomonas-containing vacuole that interacts extensively with the endocytic pathway.IMPORTANCEDiverse Acanthamoeba lineages (genotypes) are of increasing clinical concern, mainly causing amoebic keratitis and granulomatous amebic encephalitis among other infections. S. maltophilia ranks among the top 10 most prevalent multidrug-resistant opportunistic nosocomial pathogens and is a recurrent member of the microbiome hosted by Acanthamoeba and other free-living amoebae. However, little is known about the molecular strategies deployed by Stenotrophomonas for an intracellular lifestyle in amoebae and other professional phagocytes such as macrophages, which allow the bacterium to evade the immune system and the action of antibiotics. Our plasmids and easy-to-use microtiter plate co-culture assays should facilitate investigations into the cellular microbiology of Acanthamoeba interactions with Stenotrophomonas and other opportunistic pathogens, which may ultimately lead to the discovery of new molecular targets and antimicrobial therapies to combat difficult-to-treat infections caused by these ubiquitous microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rivera
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julio C. Valerdi-Negreros
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana M. Vázquez-Enciso
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fulvia-Stefany Argueta-Zepeda
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Vinuesa
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Demirbuğa A, Akgün Karapınar DB, Yaşa B, Çoban A, Öngen B, Dede E, Mete Atasever N, Somer A, Hançerli Törün S. Emerging importance of multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary center in Turkey. Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:183-187. [PMID: 37919104 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging multi-drug resistant, opportunistic pathogen in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence, clinical features, antibiotic susceptibility, and treatment options of S. maltophilia infection among the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the neonatal unit. METHODS In this study, the patients who were hospitalized in the NICU between January 2020 and December 2021 with S. maltophilia isolated from clinical samples were included. Demographic, clinic features, and microbiological findings of the patients were retrospectively evaluated by using the medical records. The samples (lower respiratory tract, urine, peritoneal fluid) were first examined microscopically by gram preparation and cultured. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the recommendations of The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for TMP-SMX. RESULTS S. maltophilia was isolated in 38 clinical samples of the 20 patients who were hospitalized at the NICU between January 2020 and December 2021. A total of 40 % (n = 8) of samples from different patients were accepted as colonization. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was determined in 55 % (n = 11), and urinary tract infection in 5 % (n = 1). S. maltophilia-associated bacteremia was not detected in any of the cases. The TMP-SMX susceptibilities of the strains were as it follows: 3 (15 %) were resistant (R), 7 (28 %) were susceptible (S), and 10 (47 %) were susceptible-increased exposure (I). Three of these patients were given dual antibiotics therapy (levofloxacin plus TMP-SMX) and nine of them were given only TMP-SMX. The most common hospital-acquired infectious agents are Gram negative microorganisms (51 %), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus (24 %) and S. maltophilia (24 %). CONCLUSION Increasing TMP-SMX resistance and specific drug and dosage-related problems in the neonatal unit are important problems in treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Demirbuğa
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Departmenf of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Beril Yaşa
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neonatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Çoban
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neonatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betigül Öngen
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Dede
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Departmenf of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Mete Atasever
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Departmenf of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayper Somer
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Departmenf of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Hançerli Törün
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Departmenf of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Coves X, Mamat U, Conchillo-Solé O, Huedo P, Bravo M, Gómez AC, Krohn I, Streit WR, Schaible UE, Gibert I, Daura X, Yero D. The Mla system and its role in maintaining outer membrane barrier function in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346565. [PMID: 38469346 PMCID: PMC10925693 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are ubiquitous Gram-negative bacteria found in both natural and clinical environments. It is a remarkably adaptable species capable of thriving in various environments, thanks to the plasticity of its genome and a diverse array of genes that encode a wide range of functions. Among these functions, one notable trait is its remarkable ability to resist various antimicrobial agents, primarily through mechanisms that regulate the diffusion across cell membranes. We have investigated the Mla ABC transport system of S. maltophilia, which in other Gram-negative bacteria is known to transport phospholipids across the periplasm and is involved in maintaining outer membrane homeostasis. First, we structurally and functionally characterized the periplasmic substrate-binding protein MlaC, which determines the specificity of this system. The predicted structure of the S. maltophilia MlaC protein revealed a hydrophobic cavity of sufficient size to accommodate the phospholipids commonly found in this species. Moreover, recombinant MlaC produced heterologously demonstrated the ability to bind phospholipids. Gene knockout experiments in S. maltophilia K279a revealed that the Mla system is involved in baseline resistance to antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, especially those with divalent-cation chelating activity. Co-culture experiments with Pseudomonas aeruginosa also showed a significant contribution of this system to the cooperation between both species in the formation of polymicrobial biofilms. As suggested for other Gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms, this system emerges as an appealing target for potential combined antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Coves
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Uwe Mamat
- Cellular Microbiology, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS, Borstel, Germany
| | - Oscar Conchillo-Solé
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pol Huedo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marc Bravo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Andromeda-Celeste Gómez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ines Krohn
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R. Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich E. Schaible
- Cellular Microbiology, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS, Borstel, Germany
| | - Isidre Gibert
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xavier Daura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Daniel Yero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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21
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Crisan CV, Duncan RP, Van Tyne D, Goldberg JB. Complete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex strain STEN00241. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0105323. [PMID: 38132567 PMCID: PMC10868206 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01053-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the complete, closed genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex strain STEN00241, which was isolated from patient sputum. The genome is a single contig with a total length of 4,751,329 nucleotides and a GC content of 66.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian V. Crisan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca P. Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanna B. Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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22
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Bhaumik R, Aungkur NZ, Anderson GG. A guide to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia virulence capabilities, as we currently understand them. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1322853. [PMID: 38274738 PMCID: PMC10808757 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1322853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia causes a wide range of human infections. It causes particularly serious lung infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis, leading to high mortality rates. This pathogen is resistant to most known antibiotics and harbors a plethora of virulence factors, including lytic enzymes and serine proteases, that cause acute infection in host organisms. S. maltophilia also establishes chronic infections through biofilm formation. The biofilm environment protects the bacteria from external threats and harsh conditions and is therefore vital for the long-term pathogenesis of the microbe. While studies have identified several genes that mediate S. maltophilia's initial colonization and biofilm formation, the cascade of events initiated by these factors is poorly understood. Consequently, understanding these and other virulence factors can yield exciting new targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory G. Anderson
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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23
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Li K, Yu K, Huang Z, Liu X, Mei L, Ren X, Bai X, Gao H, Sun Z, Liu X, Wang D. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex: insights into evolutionary relationships, global distribution and pathogenicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1325379. [PMID: 38268792 PMCID: PMC10806987 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1325379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (Smc) comprises opportunistic Gram-negative bacilli responsible for various nosocomial infections. Limited data exists concerning its evolutionary lineage, global prevalence and pathogenicity. Methods We conducted an extensive genomic analysis on 734 Smc genomes, of which 90 were newly sequenced and isolated from different patients. The species composition and evolutionary relationships of Smc were examined using core protein sequence analysis. Pathogenicity evaluation was used by assays for swimming motility, biofilm formation and identification of virulence factors. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the drug resistance spectrum of clinical isolates. Results Phylogenetic analyses delineated 24 species-level clades, dominated by S. maltophilia (42.8%), S. sepilia (13.6%) and S. geniculata (9.9%). Geographically, strains were primarily distributed in Europe (34.2%), Asia (33.7%) and North America (24.0%), with intricate global distribution patterns. Meanwhile, 154 virulence-associated genes and 46 antimicrobial resistance genes within Smc were identified. These genes encoded span various functions, including motility, adherence, toxin, RND antibiotic efflux pumps, beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Moreover, significant variations were indicated in swimming motility and biofilm-forming capability across the different species, with S. sepilia exhibiting superior levels of both traits. Additionally, no statistically significant discrepancy was detected among Smc species to other antibiotics, despite the fact that all S. geniculata isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime and much higher than other species. Conclusion Our findings indicate the need to pay increased attention to other mainstream species of Smc besides S. maltophilia in order to better manage Smc-related infections and tailor effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Keyi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Huang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Mei
- National Pathogen Resource Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Duochun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zhuang Z, Cheng YY, Deng J, Cai Z, Zhong L, Qu JX, Wang K, Yang L. Genomic insights into the phage-defense systems of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127528. [PMID: 37918082 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a rapidly evolving multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Although phage therapy is one of promising strategies for dealing with MDR bacteria, the main challenges of phage therapeutics include accumulation of phage resistant mutations and acquisition of the phage defense systems. To systematically evaluate the impact of (pro)phages in shaping genetic and evolutionary diversity of S. maltophilia, we collected 166 S. maltophilia isolates from three hospitals in southern China to analyze its pangenome, virulence factors, prophage regions, and anit-viral immune systems. Pangenome analysis indicated that there are 1328 saturated core genes and 26961 unsaturated accessory genes in the pangenome, suggesting existence of highly variable parts of S. maltophilia genome. The presence of genes in relation to T3SS and T6SS mechanisms suggests the great potential to secrete toxins by the S. maltophilia population, which is contrary to the conventional notion of low-virulence of S. maltophilia. Additionally, we characterized the pan-immune system maps of these clinical isolates against phage infections and revealed the co-harboring of CBASS and anti-CBASS in some strains, suggesting a never-ending arms race and the co-evolutionary dynamic between bacteria and phages. Furthermore, our study predicted 310 prophage regions in S. maltophilia with high genetic diversity. Six viral defense systems were found to be located at specific position of the S. maltophilia prophage genomes, indicating potential evolution of certain site/region similar to bacterial 'defense islands' in prophage. Our study provides novel insights into the S. maltophilia pangenome in relation to phage-defense mechanisms, which extends our understanding of bacterial-phage interactions and might guide the application of phage therapy in combating S. maltophilia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhuang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, PR China; BGI Forensic, Shenzhen 518083, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhao Cai
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, PR China
| | - Jiu-Xin Qu
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China.
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, PR China; Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
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25
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Crisan CV, Van Tyne D, Goldberg JB. The type VI secretion system of the emerging pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex has antibacterial properties. mSphere 2023; 8:e0058423. [PMID: 37975665 PMCID: PMC10732056 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00584-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Infections with the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex can be fatal for immunocompromised patients. The mechanisms used by the bacterium to compete against other prokaryotes are not well understood. We found that the type VI secretion system (T6SS) allows S. maltophilia complex to eliminate other bacteria and contributes to the competitive fitness against a co-infecting isolate. The presence of T6SS genes in isolates across the globe highlights the importance of this apparatus as a weapon in the antibacterial arsenal of S. maltophilia complex. The T6SS may confer survival advantages to S. maltophilia complex isolates in polymicrobial communities in both environmental settings and during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian V. Crisan
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory+Children’s Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanna B. Goldberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory+Children’s Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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26
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Li Y, Liu X, Chen L, Shen X, Wang H, Guo R, Li X, Yu Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Fu L. Comparative genomics analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains from a community. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1266295. [PMID: 38089814 PMCID: PMC10715271 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1266295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen with high resistance to most clinically used antimicrobials. The dissemination of MDR S. maltophilia and difficult treatment of its infection in clinical settings are global issues. Methods To provide more genetic information on S. maltophilia and find a better treatment strategy, we isolated five S. maltophilia, SMYN41-SMYN45, from a Chinese community that were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, biofilm formation assay, and whole-genome sequencing. Whole-genome sequences were compared with other thirty-seven S. maltophilia sequences. Results The five S. maltophilia strains had similar antibiotic resistance profiles and were resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. They showed similar antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including various efflux pumps, β-lactamase resistance genes (blaL1/2), aminoglycoside resistance genes [aac(6'), aph(3'/6)], and macrolide-resistant gene (MacB). Genome sequencing analysis revealed that SMYN41-SMYN45 belonged to sequence type 925 (ST925), ST926, ST926, ST31, and ST928, respectively, and three new STs were identified (ST925, ST926, and ST928). Conclusion This study provides genetic information by comparing genome sequences of several S. maltophilia isolates from a community of various origins, with the aim of optimizing empirical antibiotic medication and contributing to worldwide efforts to tackle antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology Technology Platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology Technology Platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology Technology Platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruiyu Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology Technology Platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology Technology Platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center of Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology Technology Platform, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Fu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Dalazen G, Sellera FP, Fuentes-Castillo D, Sano E, Fontana H, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Silveira LF, Matushima ER, Lincopan N. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Belonging to Novel Sequence Types ST473 and ST474 in Wild Birds Inhabiting the Brazilian Amazonia. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:20. [PMID: 38008776 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic human pathogen associated with nosocomial and community-acquired infections. We have conducted a microbiological and genomic surveillance study of broad-spectrum cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria colonizing wild birds inhabiting the Brazilian Amazonia. Strikingly, two S. maltophilia strains (SM79 and SM115) were identified in Plain-throated antwren (Isleria hauxwelli) passerines affected by Amazonian fragmentation and degradation. Noteworthy, SM79 and SM115 strains belonged to new sequence types (STs) ST474 and ST473, respectively, displaying resistance to broad-spectrum β-lactams, aminoglycosides and/or fluoroquinolones. In this regard, resistome analysis confirmed efflux pumps (smeABC, smeDEF, emrAB-tolC and macB), blaL1 and blaL2, aph(3')-IIc and aac(6')-Iak, and Smqnr resistance genes. Comparative phylogenomic analysis with publicly available S. maltophilia genomes clustered ST473 and ST474 with human strains, whereas the ST474 was also grouped with S. maltophilia strains isolated from water and poultry samples. In summary, we report two novel sequence types of S. maltophilia colonizing wild Amazonian birds. The presence of opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogens in wild birds, from remotes areas, could represent an ecological problem since these animals could easily promote long-distance dispersal of medically important antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, while our results could provide a baseline for future epidemiological genomic studies, considering the limited information regarding S. maltophilia circulating among wild animals, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical impact and degree of pathogenicity of this human opportunistic pathogen in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Dalazen
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Parra Sellera
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Elder Sano
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Herrison Fontana
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Fábio Silveira
- Zoology Museum of the University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Reiko Matushima
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liu F, Qiao K, Meng W, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhu J. Construction of a CRISPR Interference System for Gene Knockdown in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AGS-1 from Aerobic Granular Sludge. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3497-3504. [PMID: 37906167 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
To identify the function of attachment genes involved in biofilm formation in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AGS-1 isolated from aerobic granular sludge, an effective gene molecular tool is needed. We developed a two-plasmid CRISPRi system in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AGS-1. One plasmid expressed dCas9 protein with the l-arabinose inducible promoter, and the other plasmid contained the sgRNA cassette complementary to the target gene. Under control of the araC-inducible promoter, this system exhibited little leaky basal expression and highly induced expression that silenced endogenous and exogenous genes with reversible knockdown. This system achieved up to 211-fold suppression for mCherry expression on the nontemplate strand compared to the template strand (91-fold). The utility of the developed CRISPRi platform was also characterized by suppressing the xanA and rpfF genes. The expression of these two genes was rapidly depleted and the adhesion ability decreased, which demonstrated that the modulation of either gene was an important factor for biofilm formation of the AGS-1 strain. The system also tested the ability to simultaneously silence transcriptional suppression of multiple targeted genes, an entire operon, or part of it. Lastly, the use of CRISPRi allowed us to dissect the gene intricacies involved in flagellar biosynthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the CRISPRi system was a simple, feasible, and controllable manipulation system of gene expression in the AGS-1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- R & D Centre of Aerobic Granule Technology, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yiyun Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianrong Zhu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- R & D Centre of Aerobic Granule Technology, Beijing 100875, China
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Liu J, Xiang Y, Zhang Y. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Urgent Threat with Increasing Antibiotic Resistance. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:6. [PMID: 37955756 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that can cause many infections, such as chronic pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and infections in immunocompromised patients with hematology-oncology diseases. Because of its remarkable and increasing antimicrobial resistance, the treatment of S. maltophilia infections is quite challenging. Meanwhile, the prevalence of S. maltophilia infections is increasing in recent decades. S. maltophilia is usually considered to be of low virulence but has numerous virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of infections caused by S. maltophilia. By revealing its pathogenesis associated with virulence factors and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, many existing or potential therapeutic strategies have been developed. However, because of the limited treatment options, new strategies are urgently needed. Here, we review the recent progresses in research on S. maltophilia which may help to develop more effective treatments against this increasing threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanghui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Lee YH, Lee J, Yu B, Lee WK, Choi SH, Park JE, Seo H, Yoo SS, Lee SY, Cha SI, Kim CH, Park JY. Risk factors for mortality in intensive care unit patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia in South Korea. Acute Crit Care 2023; 38:442-451. [PMID: 37994018 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2023.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality. Data on the prognostic factors associated with S. maltophilia pneumonia in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) are lacking. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 117 patients with S. maltophilia pneumonia admitted to the ICUs of two tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea between January 2011 and December 2022. To assess risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The median age of the study population was 71 years. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was 76.1% of cases, and the median length of ICU stay before the first isolation of S. maltophilia was 15 days. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 82.1%, and factors independently associated with mortality were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.09; P=0.046), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (OR, 1.21; 95%; CI, 1.02-1.43; P=0.025), corticosteroid use (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 1.26-13.91; P=0.019), and polymicrobial infection (OR, 95% CI 0.07-0.69). However, the impact of appropriate antibiotic therapy on mortality was insignificant. In a subgroup of patients who received appropriate antibiotic therapy (n=58), antibiotic treatment modality-related variables, including combination or empirical therapy, also showed no significant association with survival. CONCLUSIONS Patients with S. maltophilia pneumonia in ICU have high mortality rates. Older age, higher SOFA score, and corticosteroid use were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality, whereas polymicrobial infection was associated with lower mortality. The effect of appropriate antibiotic therapy on prognosis was insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byunghyuk Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaboration Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Meletis G, Tychala A, Mantzana P, Skoura L, Protonotariou E. False positive NDM and OXA-48 results of the lateral flow carbapenem-resistant K.N.I.V.O. Detection K-set in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Time for official performance evaluation of LFAs? Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:395-396. [PMID: 37385832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Meletis
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Areti Tychala
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Mantzana
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lemonia Skoura
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthymia Protonotariou
- Department of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Xu G, Liu H, Xia D, Zhao Y, Qian Y, Han H, Pan J, Jiang H, Jiang Y, Sun G. Time-course transcriptome analysis of lungs from mice infected with inhaled aerosolized Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:4987-5005. [PMID: 37868883 PMCID: PMC10587000 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SMA) has emerged as an important pathogen capable of causing an opportunistic and nosocomial infection. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of lung tissues from mice with pulmonary SMA infection over time via aerosolized intratracheal inhalation to investigate transcription profile changes in SMA-infected lungs. Methods A mouse model of acute lethal SMA pneumonia was established in this study using aerosolized intratracheal inhalation, laying the groundwork for future SMA research. RNA-seq was then used to create a transcriptional profile of the lungs of the model mice at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-infection (hpi). Mfuzz time clustering, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and Immune Cell Abundance Identifier for mouse (ImmuCellAI-mouse) were used to analyze RNA-seq data. Results A gradual change in the lung transcriptional profile was observed, which was consistent with the expected disease progression. At 4 hpi, the expression of genes related to the acute phase inflammatory response increased, as predicted abundance of innate immune cells. At this stage, an increased demand for energy was also observed, including an increase in the expression of genes involved in circulation, muscle function and mitochondrial respiratory chain function. The expression of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy increased at 24 hpi. Unlike the number of natural killer (NK) cells following most bacterial lung infections, the abundance of NK cells decreased following infection with SMA. The expression levels of Cxcl10, Cd14, Gbp5, Cxcr2, Tnip1, Zc3h12a, Egr1, Sell and Gbp2 were high and previously unreported in SMA pneumonia, and they may be important targets for future studies. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the pulmonary transcriptional response to SMA infection. The findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SMA pneumonia, which may aid in the development of therapies to reduce the occurrence of SMA pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Xu
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dunling Xia
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jiahua Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gengyun Sun
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Yan Z, Wang Y, Zeng W, Xia R, Liu Y, Wu Z, Deng W, Zhu M, Xu J, Deng H, Miao Y. Microbiota of long-term indwelling hemodialysis catheters during renal transplantation perioperative period: a cross-sectional metagenomic microbial community analysis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2256421. [PMID: 37724520 PMCID: PMC10512886 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2256421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Catheter-related infection (CRI) is a major complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The lack of high-throughput research on catheter-related microbiota makes it difficult to predict the occurrence of CRI. Thus, this study aimed to delineate the microbial structure and diversity landscape of hemodialysis catheter tips among patients during the perioperative period of kidney transplantation (KTx) and provide insights into predicting the occurrence of CRI.Methods: Forty patients at the Department of Transplantation undergoing hemodialysis catheter removal were prospectively included. Samples, including catheter tip, catheter outlet skin swab, catheter blood, peripheral blood, oropharynx swab, and midstream urine, from the separate pre- and post-KTx groups were collected and analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). All the catheter tips and blood samples were cultured conventionally.Results: The positive detection rates for bacteria using mNGS and traditional culture were 97.09% (200/206) and 2.65% (3/113), respectively. Low antibiotic-sensitivity biofilms with colonized bacteria were detected at the catheter tip. In asymptomatic patients, no statistically significant difference was observed in the catheter tip microbial composition and diversity between the pre- and post-KTx group. The catheter tip microbial composition and diversity were associated with fasting blood glucose levels. Microorganisms at the catheter tip most likely originated from catheter outlet skin and peripheral blood.Conclusions: The long-term colonization microbiota at the catheter tip is in a relatively stable state and is not readily influenced by KTx. It does not act as the source of infection in all CRIs, but could reflect hematogenous infection to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yan
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Zeng
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Renfei Xia
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhouting Wu
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Deng
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics and System Development, Dinfectome Inc, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun Miao
- Department of Transplantation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical Univerisity, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Medioli F, Casali E, Viscido A, Pistolesi V, Venditti M, Oliva A. First case of persistent Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia due to septic thrombosis successfully treated with a cefiderocol-containing regimen. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:5-8. [PMID: 37307950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is scarce evidence in literature of what should be the best antimicrobial treatment for bloodstream infections (BSIs) sustained by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a peculiar pathogen that intrinsically withstands to most of the available antibiotics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Here, we describe a challenging case of a persistent S. maltophilia BSI due to septic thrombosis successfully treated with the addition of the novel siderophore cephalosporin cefiderocol to an only partially effective levofloxacin regimen. Additionally, an intra-lock therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was selected as a strategy to prevent recurrence of infection since complete source control was not possible. The serum bactericidal assay was also used to corroborate the in vivo efficacy of the adopted combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Medioli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Casali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University-Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pistolesi
- Hemodialysis Unit, Department of Nephrology and Urology, Umberto I, Policlinico di Roma, Sapienza University-Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Venditti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University-Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oliva
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University-Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Dadashi M, Hajikhani B, Nazarinejad N, Noorisepehr N, Yazdani S, Hashemi A, Hashemizadeh Z, Goudarzi M, Fatemeh S. Global prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:253-267. [PMID: 36906172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia), an opportunistic pathogen, causes infection in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, mechanical ventilation, or catheters and in long-term hospitalized patients. Due to its extensive resistance to various antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, S. maltophilia is challenging to treat. Using case reports, case series, and prevalence studies, the current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance profiles across clinical isolates of S. maltophilia. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed for original research articles published in Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases from 2000 to 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14 software to report antibiotic resistance of S. maltophilia clinical isolates worldwide. RESULTS 223 studies (39 case reports/case series and 184 prevalence studies) were collected for analysis. A meta-analysis of prevalence studies demonstrated that the most antibiotic resistance worldwide was to levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and minocycline (14.4%, 9.2%, and 1.4%, respectively). Resistance to TMP/SMX (36.84%), levofloxacin (19.29%), and minocycline (1.75%) were the most prevalent antibiotic resistance types found in evaluated case reports/case series studies. The highest resistance rate to TMP/SMX was reported in Asia (19.29%), Europe (10.52%), and America (7.01%), respectively. CONCLUSION Considering the high resistance to TMP/SMX, more attention should be paid to patients' drug regimens to prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant S. maltophilia isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Nazarinejad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Negin Noorisepehr
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahrooz Yazdani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rajaei Educational and Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameni Fatemeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Astley RA, Mursalin MH, Coburn PS, Livingston ET, Nightengale JW, Bagaruka E, Hunt JJ, Callegan MC. Ocular Bacterial Infections: A Ten-Year Survey and Review of Causative Organisms Based on the Oklahoma Experience. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1802. [PMID: 37512974 PMCID: PMC10386592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular infections can be medical emergencies that result in permanent visual impairment or blindness and loss of quality of life. Bacteria are a major cause of ocular infections. Effective treatment of ocular infections requires knowledge of which bacteria are the likely cause of the infection. This survey of ocular bacterial isolates and review of ocular pathogens is based on a survey of a collection of isolates banked over a ten-year span at the Dean McGee Eye Institute in Oklahoma. These findings illustrate the diversity of bacteria isolated from the eye, ranging from common species to rare and unique species. At all sampled sites, staphylococci were the predominant bacteria isolated. Pseudomonads were the most common Gram-negative bacterial isolate, except in vitreous, where Serratia was the most common Gram-negative bacterial isolate. Here, we discuss the range of ocular infections that these species have been documented to cause and treatment options for these infections. Although a highly diverse spectrum of species has been isolated from the eye, the majority of infections are caused by Gram-positive species, and in most infections, empiric treatments are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Astley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Md Huzzatul Mursalin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Phillip S Coburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Erin T Livingston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - James W Nightengale
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Eddy Bagaruka
- Department of Biology, Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, OK 73013, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hunt
- Department of Biology, Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, OK 73013, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Su BA, Chen CC, Chen HJ, Lai HY, Tsai CH, Lai CC, Tang HJ, Chao CM. In vitro activities of antimicrobial combinations against planktonic and biofilm forms of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1186669. [PMID: 37408643 PMCID: PMC10319008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1186669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the in vitro activity of antibiotic combinations against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates and their associated biofilms. Methods Thirty-two S. maltophilia clinical isolates with at least twenty-five different pulsotypes were tested. The antibacterial activity of various antibiotic combinations against seven randomly selected planktonic and biofilm-embedded S. maltophilia strains with strong biofilm formation was assessed using broth methods. Extraction of bacterial genomic DNA and PCR detection of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related genes were also performed. Results The susceptibility rates of levofloxacin (LVX), fosfomycin (FOS), tigecycline (TGC) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) against 32 S. maltophilia isolates were 56.3, 71.9, 71.9 and 90.6%, respectively. Twenty-eight isolates were detected with strong biofilm formation. Antibiotic combinations, including aztreonam-clavulanic (ATM-CLA) with LVX, ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) with LVX and SXT with TGC, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against these isolates with strong biofilm formation. The antibiotic resistance phenotype might not be fully caused by the common antibiotic-resistance or biofilm-formation gene. Conclusion S. maltophilia remained resistant to most antibiotics, including LVX and β-lactam/β-lactamases; however, TGC, FOS and SXT still exhibited potent activity. Although all tested S. maltophilia isolates exhibited moderate-to-strong biofilm formation, combination therapies, especially ATM-CLA with LVX, CZA with LVX and SXT with TGC, exhibited a higher inhibitory activity for these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-An Su
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jui Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Tsai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
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Izydorczyk C, Waddell BJ, Thornton CS, Conly JM, Rabin HR, Somayaji R, Surette MG, Church DL, Parkins MD. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia natural history and evolution in the airways of adults with cystic fibrosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1205389. [PMID: 37396351 PMCID: PMC10308010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1205389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen infecting persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and portends a worse prognosis. Studies of S. maltophilia infection dynamics have been limited by cohort size and follow-up. We investigated the natural history, transmission potential, and evolution of S. maltophilia in a large Canadian cohort of 321 pwCF over a 37-year period. Methods One-hundred sixty-two isolates from 74 pwCF (23%) were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and shared pulsotypes underwent whole-genome sequencing. Results S. maltophilia was recovered at least once in 82 pwCF (25.5%). Sixty-four pwCF were infected by unique pulsotypes, but shared pulsotypes were observed between 10 pwCF. In chronic carriage, longer time periods between positive sputum cultures increased the likelihood that subsequent isolates were unrelated. Isolates from individual pwCF were largely clonal, with differences in gene content being the primary source of genetic diversity objectified by gene content differences. Disproportionate progression of CF lung disease was not observed amongst those infected with multiple strains over time (versus a single) or amongst those with shared clones (versus strains only infecting one patient). We did not observe evidence of patient-to-patient transmission despite relatedness between isolates. Twenty-four genes with ≥ 2 mutations accumulated over time were identified across 42 sequenced isolates from all 11 pwCF with ≥ 2 sequenced isolates, suggesting a potential role for these genes in adaptation of S. maltophilia to the CF lung. Discussion Genomic analyses suggested common, indirect sources as the origins of S. maltophilia infections in the clinic population. The information derived from a genomics-based understanding of the natural history of S. maltophilia infection within CF provides unique insight into its potential for in-host evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Izydorczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Barbara J. Waddell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christina S. Thornton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John M. Conly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Harvey R. Rabin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ranjani Somayaji
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deirdre L. Church
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael D. Parkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Chen L, Hua J, Hong S, Yuan C, Jing R, Luo X, Zhu Y, Le L, Wang Z, Sun X, He X. Assessment of the relative benefits of monotherapy and combination therapy approaches to the treatment of hospital-acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia: a multicenter, observational, real-world study. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 37278862 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative pathogen that most commonly causes hospital-acquired infections that can be extremely challenging to treat, contributing to underrecognized mortality throughout the world. The relative benefits of monotherapy as compared to combination therapy in patients diagnosed with S. maltophilia pneumonia, however, have yet to be established. METHODS Data from 307 patients diagnosed with S. maltophilia hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) across four Chinese teaching hospitals from 2016 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Of the analyzed patients, 55.7% (171/307) were administered combination definitive therapy, with a 30-day all-cause mortality rate of 41.0% (126/307). A propensity score weighting analysis revealed that compared with monotherapy, combination definitive therapy was associated with a comparable 30-day mortality risk in the overall patient cohort (OR 1.124, 95% CI 0.707-1.786, P = 0.622), immunocompetent patients (OR 1.349, 95% CI 0.712-2.554, P = 0.359), and patients with APACHE II scores < 15 (OR 2.357, 95% CI 0.820-6.677, P = 0.111), whereas it was associated with a decreased risk of death in immunocompromised patients (OR 0.404, 95% CI .170-0.962, P = 0.041) and individuals with APACHE II scores ≥ 15 (OR 0.494, 95% CI 0.256-0.951, P = 0.035). CONCLUSION The present data suggest that when treating S. maltophilia-HAP, immunocompromised patients and individuals with APACHE II scores ≥ 15 may potentially benefit from combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujie Hong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruochen Jing
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanyu Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Le
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaopu He
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Crisan CV, Van Tyne D, Goldberg JB. The Type VI Secretion System of the Emerging Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has Antibacterial Properties. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542968. [PMID: 37398041 PMCID: PMC10312562 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Antagonistic behaviors between bacterial cells can have profound effects on microbial populations and disease outcomes. Polymicrobial interactions may be mediated by contact-dependent proteins with antibacterial properties. The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a macromolecular weapon used by Gram-negative bacteria to translocate proteins into adjacent cells. The T6SS is used by pathogens to escape immune cells, eliminate commensal bacteria, and facilitate infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of infections in immunocompromised patients and infects the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Infections with the bacterium can be deadly and are challenging to treat because many isolates are multidrug-resistant. We found that globally dispersed S. maltophilia clinical and environmental strains possess T6SS genes. We demonstrate that the T6SS of an S. maltophilia patient isolate is active and can eliminate other bacteria. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the T6SS contributes to the competitive fitness of S. maltophilia against a co-infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate, and that the T6SS alters the cellular organization of S. maltophilia and P. aeruginosa co-cultures. This study expands our knowledge of the mechanisms employed by S. maltophilia to secrete antibacterial proteins and compete against other bacteria. IMPORTANCE Infections with the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can be fatal for immunocompromised patients. The mechanisms used by the bacterium to compete against other prokaryotes are not well understood. We found that the T6SS allows S. maltophilia to eliminate other bacteria and contributes to the competitive fitness against a co-infecting isolate. The presence of T6SS genes in isolates across the globe highlights the importance of this apparatus as a weapon in the antibacterial arsenal of S. maltophilia . The T6SS may confer survival advantages to S. maltophilia isolates in polymicrobial communities in both environmental settings and during infections.
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Maraolo AE, Licciardi F, Gentile I, Saracino A, Belati A, Bavaro DF. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Efficacy of Available Treatments, with Critical Assessment of Novel Therapeutic Options. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050910. [PMID: 37237813 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) represents a challenging pathogen due to its resistance profile. A systematic review of the available evidence was conducted to evaluate the best treatment of SM infections to date, focusing on trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), fluoroquinolones (FQs), and tetracycline derivatives (TDs). MATERIALS PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception to 30 November 2022. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included clinical failure, adverse events, and length of stay. A random effects meta-analysis was performed. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022321893). RESULTS Twenty-four studies, all retrospective, were included. A significant difference in terms of overall mortality was observed when comparing as a monotherapy TMP/SMX versus FQs (odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.86, I2 = 33%; 11 studies, 2407 patients). The prediction interval (PI) did not touch the no effect line (1.06-1.93), but the results were not robust for the unmeasured confounding (E-value for point estimate of 1.71). When comparing TMP/SMX with TDs, the former showed an association with higher mortality but not significant and with a wide PI (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.79-4.82, PI 0.01-685.99, I2 = 0%; 3 studies, 346 patients). Monotherapies in general exerted a protective effect against death opposed to the combination regimens but were not significant (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.41-1.22, PI 0.16-3.08, I2 = 0%; 4 studies, 438 patients). CONCLUSIONS Against SM infections, FQs and, possibly, TDs seem to be reasonable alternative choices to TMP/SMX. Data from clinical trials are urgently needed to better inform therapeutic choices in this setting by also taking into account newer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Enrico Maraolo
- First Division of Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, AORN Dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Licciardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Saracino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Belati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Fiore Bavaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Osakwe N. Osteomyelitis due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy. IDCases 2023; 32:e01798. [PMID: 37229279 PMCID: PMC10205458 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic infection commonly encountered in various systems of the human body and has been noted to be a rare cause of osteomyelitis. This report examines a rare case of osteomyelitis of the foot caused by S. maltophilia from a poorly managed foot wound and highlights the successful treatment of this condition with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy.
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Comparative genomic analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia unravels their genetic variations and versatility trait. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:351-360. [PMID: 36892794 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a species with immensely broad phenotypic and genotypic diversity that could widely distribute in natural and clinical environments. However, little attention has been paid to reveal their genome plasticity to diverse environments. In the present study, a comparative genomic analysis of S. maltophilia isolated from clinical and natural sources was systematically explored its genetic diversity of 42 sequenced genomes. The results showed that S. maltophilia owned an open pan-genome and had strong adaptability to different environments. A total of 1612 core genes were existed with an average of 39.43% of each genome, and the shared core genes might be necessary to maintain the basic characteristics of those S. maltophilia strains. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree, the ANI value, and the distribution of accessory genes, genes associated with the fundamental process of those strains from the same habitat were found to be mostly conserved in evolution. Isolates from the same habitat had a high degree of similarity in COG category, and the most significant KEGG pathways were mainly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, indicating that genes related to essential processes were mostly conserved in evolution for the clinical and environmental settings. Meanwhile, the number of resistance and efflux pump gene was significantly higher in the clinical setting than that of in the environmental setting. Collectively, this study highlights the evolutionary relationships of S. maltophilia isolated from clinical and environmental sources, shedding new light on its genomic diversity.
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Chauviat A, Meyer T, Favre-Bonté S. Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological roles of RND efflux pumps. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14639. [PMID: 37089375 PMCID: PMC10113797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S. maltophilia is a widely distributed bacterium found in natural, anthropized and clinical environments. The genome of this opportunistic pathogen of environmental origin includes a large number of genes encoding RND efflux pumps independently of the clinical or environmental origin of the strains. These pumps have been historically associated with the uptake of antibiotics and clinically relevant molecules because they confer resistance to many antibiotics. However, considering the environmental origin of S. maltophilia, the ecological role of these pumps needs to be clarified. RND efflux systems are highly conserved within bacteria and encountered both in pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Moreover, their evolutionary origin, conservation and multiple copies in bacterial genomes suggest a primordial role in cellular functions and environmental adaptation. This review is aimed at elucidating the ecological role of S. maltophilia RND efflux pumps in the environmental context and providing an exhaustive description of the environmental niches of S. maltophilia. By looking at the substrates and functions of the pumps, we propose different involvements and roles according to the adaptation of the bacterium to various niches. We highlight that i°) regulatory mechanisms and inducer molecules help to understand the conditions leading to their expression, and ii°) association and functional redundancy of RND pumps and other efflux systems demonstrate their complex role within S. maltophilia cells. These observations emphasize that RND efflux pumps play a role in the versatility of S. maltophilia.
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Infection dynamics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Infect 2023; 86:626-628. [PMID: 36822406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Genotypic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates from a Thai University Hospital Setting. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020410. [PMID: 36830320 PMCID: PMC9951947 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant organism that is emerging as an important opportunistic pathogen. Despite this, information on the epidemiology and characteristics of this bacterium, especially in Thailand, is rarely found. This study aimed to determine the demographic, genotypic, and phenotypic characteristics of S. maltophilia isolates from Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand. A total of 200 S. maltophilia isolates were collected from four types of clinical specimens from 2015 to 2016 and most of the isolates were from sputum. In terms of clinical characteristics, male and aged patients were more susceptible to an S. maltophilia infection. The majority of included patients had underlying diseases and were hospitalized with associated invasive procedures. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. maltophilia isolates showed the highest frequency of resistance to ceftazidime and the lower frequency of resistance to chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and no resistance to minocycline. The predominant antibiotic resistance genes among the 200 isolates were the smeF gene (91.5%), followed by blaL1 and blaL2 genes (43% and 10%), respectively. Other antibiotic resistance genes detected were floR (8.5%), intI1 (7%), sul1 (6%), mfsA (4%) and sul2 (2%). Most S. maltophilia isolates could produce biofilm and could swim in a semisolid medium, however, none of the isolates could swarm. All isolates were positive for hemolysin production, whereas 91.5% and 22.5% of isolates could release protease and lipase enzymes, respectively. In MLST analysis, a high degree of genetic diversity was observed among the 200 S. maltophilia isolates. One hundred and forty-one sequence types (STs), including 130 novel STs, were identified and categorized into six different clonal complex groups. The differences in drug resistance patterns and genetic profiles exhibited various phenotypes of biofilm formation, motility, toxin, and enzymes production which support this bacterium in its virulence and pathogenicity. This study reviewed the characteristics of genotypes and phenotypes of S. maltophilia from Thailand which is necessary for the control and prevention of S. maltophilia local spreading.
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Test Performance and Potential Clinical Utility of the GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Negative Panel. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0409222. [PMID: 36688641 PMCID: PMC9927486 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04092-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The test performance and potential clinical utility of the ePlex blood culture identification Gram-negative (BCID-GN) panel was evaluated relative to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry on bacterial isolates and conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The majority (106/108, 98.1%) of GN bacteria identified by MALDI were on the BCID-GN panel, and valid tests (107/108, 99.1%) yielded results on average 26.7 h earlier. For all valid tests with on-panel organisms, the positive percent agreement was 102/105 (97.2%) with 3 false negatives and the negative percent agreement was 105/105. Chart review (n = 98) showed that in conjunction with Gram stain results, negative pan-Gram-positive (GP) markers provided the opportunity to discontinue GP antibiotic coverage in 63/98 (64.3%) cases on average 26.2 h earlier. Only 8/12 (66.7%) Enterobacterales isolates with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins harbored the CTX-M gene. In contrast, 8/8 CTX-M+ samples yielded a resistant isolate. Detection of 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (18 h), 1 OXA23/48+ Acinetobacter baumannii (52.4 h), and 3 CTX-M+ Enterobacterales isolates on ineffective treatment (47.1 h) and 1 on suboptimal therapy (72.6 h) would have additionally enabled early antimicrobial optimization in 6/98 (6.1%) patients. IMPORTANCE The GenMark Dx ePlex rapid blood culture diagnostic system enables earlier time to identification of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria causing bloodstream infections. Its ability to rule out Gram-positive bacteria enabled early discontinuation of unnecessary antibiotics in 63/98 (64.3%) cases on average 26.2 h earlier. Detection of bacteria harboring the CTX-M gene as well as early identification of highly resistant bacteria such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii enabled optimization of ineffective therapy in 6/98 (6.1%) patients. Its implementation in clinical microbiology laboratories optimizes therapy and improves patient care.
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Efficacy in Galleria mellonella Larvae and Application Potential Assessment of a New Bacteriophage BUCT700 Extensively Lyse Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0403022. [PMID: 36700630 PMCID: PMC9927281 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04030-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) has become an important pathogen of clinically acquired infections accompanied by high pathogenicity and high mortality. Moreover, infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. maltophilia have emerged as a serious challenge in clinical practice. Bacteriophages are considered a promising alternative for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections due to their unique antibacterial mechanism and superior bactericidal ability compared with traditional antibiotic agents. Here, we reported a new phage BUCT700 that has a double-stranded DNA genome of 43,214 bp with 70% GC content. A total of 55 ORFs and no virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes were annotated in the genome of phage BUCT700. Phage BUCT700 has a broad host range (28/43) and can lyse multiple ST types of clinical S. maltophilia (21/33). Furthermore, bacteriophage BUCT700 used the Type IV fimbrial biogenesis protein PilX as an adsorption receptor. In the stability test, phage BUCT700 showed excellent thermal stability (4 to 60°C) and pH tolerance (pH = 4 to 12). Moreover, phage BUCT700 was able to maintain a high titer during long-term storage. The adsorption curve and one-step growth curve showed that phage BUCT700 could rapidly adsorb to the surface of S. maltophilia and produce a significant number of phage virions. In vivo, BUCT700 significantly increased the survival rate of S. maltophilia-infected Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) larvae from 0% to 100% within 72 h, especially in the prophylactic model. In conclusion, these findings indicate that phage BUCT700 has promising potential for clinical application either as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent. IMPORTANCE The risk of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections mediated by the medical devices is exacerbated with an increase in the number of ICU patients during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Complications caused by S. maltophilia infections could complicate the state of an illness, greatly extending the length of hospitalization and increasing the financial burden. Phage therapy might be a potential and promising alternative for clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Here, we investigated the protective effects of phage BUCT700 as prophylactic and therapeutic agents in Galleria mellonella models of infection, respectively. This study demonstrates that phage therapy can provide protection in targeting S. maltophilia-related infection, especially as prophylaxis.
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Di Bonaventura G, Picciani C, Lupetti V, Pompilio A. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Protein Patterns of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Biofilm and Planktonic Lifestyles. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020442. [PMID: 36838406 PMCID: PMC9960084 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a clinically relevant bacterial pathogen, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Despite the well-known ability to form biofilms inherently resistant to antibiotics and host immunity, many aspects involved in S. maltophilia biofilm formation are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a proteomic approach was used to elucidate the differential protein expression patterns observed during the planktonic-to-biofilm transition of S. maltophilia Sm126, a strong biofilm producer causing chronic infection in a CF patient, to identify determinants potentially associated with S. maltophilia biofilm formation. In all, 57 proteins were differentially (3-fold; p < 0.01) expressed in biofilm cells compared with planktonic counterparts: 38 were overexpressed, and 19 were down-expressed. It is worth noting that 34 proteins were exclusively found in biofilm, mainly associated with quorum sensing-mediated intercellular communication, augmented glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phosphate signaling, response to nutrient starvation, and general stress. Further work is warranted to evaluate if these proteins can be suitable targets for developing anti-biofilm strategies effective against S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Picciani
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Veronica Lupetti
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Li X, McLaughlin RW, Grover NA. Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Stenotrophomonas Isolates from Painted Turtles Living in the Wild. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:93. [PMID: 36729340 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria from painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) living in the wild and captured in southeastern Wisconsin. Fecal samples from ten turtles were examined for ESBL producing bacteria after incubation on HardyCHROM™ ESBL agar. Two isolates were cultivated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) as Stenotrophomonas sp. 9A and S. maltophilia 15A. They were multidrug-resistant, as determined by antibiotic susceptibility testing. Stenotrophomonas sp. 9A was found to produce an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and both isolates were found to be carbapenem-resistant. EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) and the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) tests were used to examine the carbapenemase production and the test results were negative. Through WGS several antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in S. maltophilia 15A. For example a chromosomal L1 β-lactamase gene, which is known to hydrolyze carbapenems, a L2 β-lactamase gene, genes for the efflux systems smeABC and smeDEF and the aminoglycosides resistance genes aac(6')-lz and aph(3')-llc were found. An L2 β-lactamase gene in Stenotrophomonas sp. 9A was identified through WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA.
| | | | - Noah A Grover
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA.,CSL USA Inc., 4011 Nicholson Road, Franksville, WI, 53126, USA
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