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McLaughlin RW, Hession C, Bergin S, Cosgrove A, Dowd A, Garvey N, Litovskich G, Osaigbovo E, Popa D, Thuku C, Butler G, Wolfe KH, Byrne KP. Genome sequences of two isolates of the yeast Candida zeylanoides: UCD849 from soil in Ireland, and AWD from an African wild dog. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0108123. [PMID: 38334401 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01081-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We report genome sequences of two new isolates of the budding yeast Candida zeylanoides. Strain UCD849 from soil in Ireland was assembled into eight complete chromosomes. Strain AWD from an African Wild Dog in a US zoo was sequenced to draft level. The assemblies are 10.6 Mb and 99.57% identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W McLaughlin
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Conor Hession
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Bergin
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cosgrove
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Dowd
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall Garvey
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabrielle Litovskich
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evita Osaigbovo
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denis Popa
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cynthia Thuku
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth H Wolfe
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin P Byrne
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Li X, McLaughlin RW, Grover NA. Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Stenotrophomonas Isolates from Painted Turtles Living in the Wild. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:93. [PMID: 36729340 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria from painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) living in the wild and captured in southeastern Wisconsin. Fecal samples from ten turtles were examined for ESBL producing bacteria after incubation on HardyCHROM™ ESBL agar. Two isolates were cultivated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) as Stenotrophomonas sp. 9A and S. maltophilia 15A. They were multidrug-resistant, as determined by antibiotic susceptibility testing. Stenotrophomonas sp. 9A was found to produce an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and both isolates were found to be carbapenem-resistant. EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) and the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) tests were used to examine the carbapenemase production and the test results were negative. Through WGS several antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in S. maltophilia 15A. For example a chromosomal L1 β-lactamase gene, which is known to hydrolyze carbapenems, a L2 β-lactamase gene, genes for the efflux systems smeABC and smeDEF and the aminoglycosides resistance genes aac(6')-lz and aph(3')-llc were found. An L2 β-lactamase gene in Stenotrophomonas sp. 9A was identified through WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA.
| | | | - Noah A Grover
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA.,CSL USA Inc., 4011 Nicholson Road, Franksville, WI, 53126, USA
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Hunter KC, Lawson PA, Dowd SE, McLaughlin RW. Clostridium chrysemydis sp. nov., isolated from the faecal material of a painted turtle. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34569920 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A strict anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive rod-shaped bacterium, designated PTT, was isolated from the faecal material of a painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). Based on a comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was assigned to Clostridium sensu stricto with the highest sequence similarities to Clostridium moniliforme (97.4 %), Clostridium sardiniense (97.2 %) and the misclassified organism Eubacterium multiforme (97.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain PTT were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and an unidentified product with an equivalent chain length of 14.969. The G+C content determined from the genome was 28.8 mol%. The fermentation end products from glucose were acetate and butyrate with no alcohols detected and trace amounts of CO2 and H2 also detected; no respiratory quinones were detected. Based on biochemical, phylogenetic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic criteria, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Clostridium for which the name Clostridium chrysemydis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain PTT (=CCUG 74180T=ATCC TSD-219T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Hunter
- General Studies, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha WI 53144, USA
| | - Paul A Lawson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK 73019, USA
| | - Scot E Dowd
- MR DNA (Molecular Research LP), Shallowater, TX, USA
| | - R W McLaughlin
- General Studies, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha WI 53144, USA
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Li J, McLaughlin RW, Chen M, Liu YL, Xie HX, Wan XL, Zhou JY, Zheng JS. First case of Shewanella indica isolated from a Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) stranded in the northern Beibu Gulf, China. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1385-1391. [PMID: 32656718 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to culture and characterise bacteria from an intact abscess on the skin of a dead Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) which stranded in the northern Beibu Gulf, China. To grow bacteria, samples from the abscess were added to blood agar. After incubation, yellowish mucous colonies were visualized. The bacterium was firstly recognised as Shewanella algae by the VITEK® 2 System. However, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing the bacterium was finally identified as S. indica. To characterise the bacterium, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors, such as hemolysis and biofilm formation were investigated. The bacterium is capable of β-hemolysis and biofilm formation and it is also sensitive to several different classes of antibiotics, such as β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides. To date there have been no reports of this bacterium causing infections in humans or animals. However, in this study we described the first case of S. indica isolated from an intact abscess on the back of a Bryde's whale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | | | - Mo Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guanxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guanxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Ying Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hia Xia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao Ling Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jun Ying Zhou
- Zhong Nan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jin Song Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Nabi G, Li Y, McLaughlin RW, Mei Z, Wang K, Hao Y, Zheng J, Wang D. Immune Responses of the Critically Endangered Yangtze Finless Porpoises ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp. asiaeorientalis) to Escalating Anthropogenic Stressors in the Wild and Seminatural Environments. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1594. [PMID: 32116734 PMCID: PMC7010939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing anthropogenic stressors are potential threats to biodiversity conservation and management of Yangtze finless porpoises (YFPs). The objective of this study was to indirectly compare the habitat quality of a natural reserve, Poyang Lake and a seminatural reserve, the Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow (TZO) in terms of anthropogenic stressors by investigating different stress and immunological parameters in the blood of YFPs. Samples from a total of 74 YFPs from the TZO (n = 43) and Poyang Lake (n = 31) were collected and analyzed. The animals were divided into ontogenetic groups: male calf, female calf, juvenile female, juvenile male, and adult male, and reproductive groups: pregnant female, lactating female, and pregnant plus lactating. The blood from all the animals was analyzed for general stress (HSP14, SOD1, TXN, and FTL), metabolic stress (ACAT2 and THRA), and immunity-related genes (IL12p40, IFNγ, TNFα; IL1α, IL1ra, COX2, CRPL, IL4, and IL8) using qPCR. YFPs living in Poyang Lake showed an increased relative expression pattern for IFNγ, IL1ra, IL4, ACAT2, and CRPL across all the ontogenetic groups with significantly higher expression in adult males. In contrast, YFPs living in the TZO showed a significantly higher expression in 13 of 15 genes analyzed in the male calf group. Across the reproductive states for porpoises living in Poyang Lake, eight of the 15 genes in the pregnant female and three of the 15 genes in the pregnant plus lactating group had a significantly higher expression level. However, in YFPs living in the TZO, eight of the 15 genes showed significantly higher expression in the pregnant and lactating groups. There was significantly a higher expression of most of the genes in porpoises living in the TZO compared to the age-matched groups from porpoises living in Poyang Lake. The exception was the pregnant female group. The higher relative expression of stress and immune genes in the TZO porpoise population compared to porpoises living in Poyang Lake suggests the effects of worsening habitat quality, possibly indicating water pollution and lack of feeding resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhigang Mei
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujiang Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsong Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Nabi G, Hao Y, Zeng X, Jinsong Z, McLaughlin RW, Wang D. Hematologic and biochemical differences between two free ranging Yangtze finless porpoise populations: The implications of habitat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188570. [PMID: 29190288 PMCID: PMC5708617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goals of this study were to compare the serum chemistry and hematology values of wild and semi-natural free-ranging Yangtze Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp. asiaeorientalis) populations and to ascertain how these values change with the different environmental condition. For this study, samples were collected from 81 YFPs, 35 living in the wild and 46 living in a semi-natural reserve. Each population was divided into 8 life history categories; Male Calf, Female Calf, Juvenile Male, Juvenile Female, Adult Male, Pregnant, Lactating and Pregnant plus Lactating. Statistically significant differences in the various parameters were observed in the same life history categories for both populations. Generally, Lipid Profile, Hepatic Enzymes, Creatine Kinase, Red Blood Cells, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and Neutrophils were significantly higher in the Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow population while, Creatinine, Phosphate, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Bilirubin and Lymphocytes were significantly higher in the Poyang Lake YFPs. Across the groups in the Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow population, a significant decrease in serum Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase and Calcium, while a significant increase in the Neutrophils and Platelets was observed. Similarly, in the Poyang Lake, Alkaline Phosphatase levels in the Female Calves group, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Lactating group, basophil counts in Pregnant plus Lactating group, lymphocytes counts in Juvenile Females group and Globulin and Total Protein levels in Pregnant group were significantly higher. This study in health assessments can help us to understand the effect of sex, age, reproductive status and environmental conditions on the well-being of Yangtze Finless Porpoises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yujiang Hao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- * E-mail: (DW); (YH)
| | - Xianyuan Zeng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheng Jinsong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Richard W. McLaughlin
- General Studies, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ding Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- * E-mail: (DW); (YH)
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McLaughlin RW, Shewmaker PL, Whitney AM, Humrighouse BW, Lauer AC, Loparev VN, Gulvik CA, Cochran PA, Dowd SE. Enterococcus crotali sp. nov., isolated from faecal material of a timber rattlesnake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28632114 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive bacterium, designated ETRF1T, was found in faecal material of a timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). Based on a comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was assigned to the genus Enterococcus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ETRF1T showed >97 % similarity to that of the type strains of Enterococcus rotai, E. caccae, E. silesiacus, E haemoperoxidus, E. ureasiticus, E. moraviensis, E. plantarum, E. quebecensis, E. ureilyticus, E. termitis, E. rivorum and E. faecalis. The organism could be distinguished from these 12 phylogenetically related enterococci using conventional biochemical testing, the Rapid ID32 Strep system, comparative pheS and rpoA gene sequence analysis, and comparative whole genome sequence analysis. The estimated in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values were <70 %, and average nucleotide identity values were <96 %, when compared to these 12 species, further validating that ETRF1T represents a unique species within the genus Enterococcus. On the basis of these analyses, strain ETRF1T (=CCUG 65857T=LMG 28312T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Enterococcus crotali sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W McLaughlin
- General Studies, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA.,Biology Department, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, MN 55987-1399, USA
| | | | - Anne M Whitney
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Ana C Lauer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | | | - P A Cochran
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, MN 55987-1399, USA
| | - Scot E Dowd
- MR DNA (Molecular Research LP), Shallowater, TX, USA
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Whitehead TR, Anoma C, McLaughlin RW. Rapid identification of Robinsoniella peoriensis using specific 16S rRNA gene PCR primers. Anaerobe 2016; 43:39-42. [PMID: 27890692 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Robinsoniella peoriensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium initially isolated and characterized from swine manure and feces. Since then strains of this species have been identified from a variety of mammalian and other GI tracts. More recently strains of this species have been isolated from a plethora of human infections. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop methods to rapidly identify this microorganism in the medical and other laboratories. This report describes the use of PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene of R. peoriensis to identify strains of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence R Whitehead
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
| | - Christelle Anoma
- General Studies, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha, WI, 53144, USA
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McLaughlin RW, Zheng JS, Chen MM, Zhao QZ, Wang D. Detection of Helicobacter in the fecal material of the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. Dis Aquat Organ 2011; 95:241-245. [PMID: 21932536 DOI: 10.3354/dao02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In animals, infection by the Epsilonproteobacteria Helicobacter spp. and H. cetorum is widespread. It has been suggested that H. cetorum may cause gastritis in cetaceans. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of Helicobacter spp. in the fecal material of the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. The fecal material of 12 porpoises living in the wild in Poyang Lake and 1 porpoise living in captivity at the Wuhan Baiji Dolphinarium were examined by PCR for the presence of Helicobacter spp. The fecal material of 8 of 12 wild porpoises and the captive porpoise were positive for Helicobacter spp. as determined by PCR using Helicobacter-specific primers, which target the 16S rRNA gene. A 16S rRNA clone library was then prepared from 1 sample isolated from a female porpoise living in the wild. DNA sequence analysis from 3 of the clones showed 98 to 99% identity to the H. cetorum 16S rRNA gene. These results demonstrate the prevalence of Helicobacter spp. and H. cetorum in endangered freshwater finless porpoises.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W McLaughlin
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota 55987-1399, USA
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McLaughlin RW, De Stigter JK, Sikkink LA, Baden EM, Ramirez-Alvarado M. The effects of sodium sulfate, glycosaminoglycans, and Congo red on the structure, stability, and amyloid formation of an immunoglobulin light-chain protein. Protein Sci 2006; 15:1710-22. [PMID: 16751605 PMCID: PMC2242560 DOI: 10.1110/ps.051997606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is characterized by immunoglobulin light-chain fragments aggregating into amyloid fibrils that deposit extracellularly in vital organs such as the kidney, the heart, and the liver, resulting in tissue degeneration and organ failure, leading to death. Cardiac involvement is found in 50% of AL patients and presents the most severe cases with a life expectancy of less than a year after diagnosis. In this study, we have characterized the variable domain of a cardiac AL patient light chain called AL-09. AL-09 folds as a beta-sheet and is capable of forming amyloid fibrils both in the presence of sodium sulfate and in self-seeded reactions under physiological conditions. Glycosaminoglycans such as dermatan sulfate and heparin promote amyloid formation of self-seeded AL-09 reactions, while the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate A stabilized oligomeric intermediates and did not elongate the preformed fibrils (nucleus) present in the reaction. Finally, the histological dye Congo red, known to bind to the cross beta-sheet structure of amyloid fibrils, inhibits AL-09 amyloid fibril formation in the presence of sodium sulfate and in self-seeded reactions. This paper provides insight into the impact of different reagents on light-chain stability, structure, amyloid fibril formation, and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W McLaughlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Sebastiani G, Morissette C, Lagacé C, Boulé M, Ouellette MJ, McLaughlin RW, Lacombe D, Gervais F, Tremblay P. The cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4B mediates Abeta-induced microglial activation. Neurobiol Aging 2005; 27:691-701. [PMID: 15993984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation is a key player in the degenerative process that accompanies the deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide into senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The goal of this study is to identify novel genes involved in microglial activation in response to Abeta peptide. Prompted by the fact that soluble Abeta(1-42) (sAbeta(1-42))-stimulated primary rat microglia produce more tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) than fibrillar Abeta(1-42) (fAbeta(1-42))-stimulated microglia, we examined gene expression in these cells following stimulation using cDNA arrays. This analysis confirms the upregulation caused by both sAbeta(1-42) and fAbeta(1-42) of pro-inflammatory molecules such as TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. In addition, other transcripts not previously described in the context of Abeta-induced microglial activation were identified. The modulation of some of these genes within microglial cells seems to be specific to sAbeta(1-42) as compared to fAbeta(1-42) suggesting that different forms of Abeta may activate distinct pathways during the progression of AD. Importantly, we demonstrate that Pde4B, a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, is upregulated by Abeta and results in an increased production of TNF-alpha. Inhibition of Pde4B reduces by up to 70% the release of TNF-alpha from sAbeta-stimulated microglial cells, implicating cAMP as an important mediator of Abeta-induced microglial activation.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/physiology
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Separation
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- Cytokines/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Isoenzymes/physiology
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/enzymology
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rolipram/pharmacology
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Wang L, Nguyen TV, McLaughlin RW, Sikkink LA, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Weinshilboum RM. Human thiopurine S-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: variant allozyme misfolding and aggresome formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:9394-9. [PMID: 15967990 PMCID: PMC1153717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502352102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs. TPMT genetic polymorphisms represent a striking example of the potential clinical value of pharmacogenetics. Subjects homozygous for TPMT*3A, the most common variant allele for low activity, an allele that encodes a protein with two changes in amino acid sequence, are at greatly increased risk for life-threatening toxicity when treated with standard doses of thiopurines. These subjects have virtually undetectable levels of TPMT protein. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TPMT*3A might result in protein misfolding and aggregation. We observed that TPMT*3A forms aggresomes in cultured cells and that it aggregates in vitro, functional mechanisms not previously described in pharmacogenetics. Furthermore, there was a correlation among TPMT half-life values in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, aggresome formation in COS-1 cells, and protein aggregation in vitro for the three variant allozymes encoded by alleles that include the two TPMT*3A single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These observations were compatible with a common structural explanation for all of these effects, a conclusion supported by size-exclusion chromatography and CD spectroscopy. The results of these experiments provide insight into a unique pharmacogenetic mechanism by which common polymorphisms affect TPMT protein function and, as a result, therapeutic response to thiopurine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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McLaughlin RW, Kong X, Wu X, Stéa D, Lavoie L, Sarazin P, Aman A, Vali H, Gervais F, Tremblay P. P4-397 Zwitterionic compounds promote conformationally and morphologically unique changes in the Aβ peptide. Neurobiol Aging 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(04)81954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chalifour RJ, McLaughlin RW, Lavoie L, Morissette C, Tremblay N, Boulé M, Sarazin P, Stéa D, Lacombe D, Tremblay P, Gervais F. Stereoselective interactions of peptide inhibitors with the beta-amyloid peptide. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:34874-81. [PMID: 12840031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212694200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Residues 16-20 of the beta-amyloid peptide (A beta) function as a self-recognition element during A beta assembly into fibers. Peptides containing this motif retain the ability to interact with A beta and, in some cases, potently inhibit its assembly. Replacing L- with D-amino acids could stabilize such peptides and permit their evaluation as therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Here we have assessed the effect that such a chiral reversal has on inhibitory potency. D-enantiomers of five peptides, KLVFFA, KKLVFFA, KFVFFA, KIVFFA, and KVVFFA, were unexpectedly more active as inhibitors in an in vitro fibrillogenesis assay. Circular dichroism showed that D-KLVFFA more effectively prevented A beta adopting the beta-sheet secondary structure correlated with fibrillogenesis. Electron microscopy showed that fiber formation was also more strongly inhibited by D-KLVFFA. Heterochiral inhibition was confirmed using D-A beta, on the principle that enantiomeric proteins exhibit reciprocal chiral biochemical interactions. With D-Abeta, L-KLVFFA was the more potent inhibitor, rather than d-KLVFFA. Most significantly, D-peptides were more potent at reducing the toxicity of both A beta1-40 and A beta 1-42 toward neuronal cells in culture. This unforeseen heterochiral stereoselectivity of A beta for D-peptide inhibitors should be considered during future design of peptide-based inhibitors of A beta neurotoxicity and fibrillogenesis.
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Briedis DJ, Khamessan A, McLaughlin RW, Vali H, Panaritou M, Chan ECS. Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus from a patient with cellulitis. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4792-6. [PMID: 12454199 PMCID: PMC154594 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4792-4796.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is a gram-negative, slender, spirally curved bacterial pathogen. It has been isolated from human blood, spinal fluid, and abscesses, but cellulitis associated with bacteremia is rare. We report its isolation from a blood culture of a human patient with cellulitis as well as difficulties encountered in determining the identity of the subspecies of C. fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalius J. Briedis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Department of Molecular Biology, Actilab-Pharma, Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada H9P 1K3
| | - Ali Khamessan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Department of Molecular Biology, Actilab-Pharma, Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada H9P 1K3
| | - Richard W. McLaughlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Department of Molecular Biology, Actilab-Pharma, Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada H9P 1K3
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Department of Molecular Biology, Actilab-Pharma, Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada H9P 1K3
| | - Maria Panaritou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Department of Molecular Biology, Actilab-Pharma, Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada H9P 1K3
| | - Eddie C. S. Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, Department of Molecular Biology, Actilab-Pharma, Inc., Dorval, Quebec, Canada H9P 1K3
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada. Phone: (514) 398-3916. Fax: (514) 398-7052. E-mail:
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McLaughlin RW, Vali H, Lau PCK, Palfree RGE, De Ciccio A, Sirois M, Ahmad D, Villemur R, Desrosiers M, Chan ECS. Are there naturally occurring pleomorphic bacteria in the blood of healthy humans? J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4771-5. [PMID: 12454193 PMCID: PMC154583 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4771-4775.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark-field microscopy of blood from healthy individuals revealed the existence of pleomorphic microorganisms. These bacteria exhibited limited growth and susceptibility to antibiotics and could be detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. They were further characterized by analysis of their 16S rRNA and gyrB genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. McLaughlin
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Peter C. K. Lau
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Roger G. E. Palfree
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Angela De Ciccio
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marc Sirois
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Darakhshan Ahmad
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Richard Villemur
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marcel Desrosiers
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Eddie C. S. Chan
- Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Departément de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivieres, Quebec G9A 5H7, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Pointe Claire, Quebec H9R 1G6, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada. Phone: (514) 398-3916. Fax: (514) 398-7052. E-mail:
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Gibbs HC, McLaughlin RW, Cameron HJ. Meningoencephalitis caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus in a goat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981; 178:735. [PMID: 7204252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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