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Sarkar R, Adhikary K, Banerjee A, Ganguly K, Sarkar R, Mohanty S, Dhua R, Bhattacharya K, Ahuja D, Pal S, Maiti R. Novel targets and improved immunotherapeutic techniques with an emphasis on antimycosal drug resistance for the treatment and management of mycosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35835. [PMID: 39224344 PMCID: PMC11367498 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections due to pathogenic fungi are endemic in particular area with increased morbidity and mortality. More than a thousand people are infected per year and the way of treatment is of high demand having a significant impact on the population health. Medical practitioners confront various troublesome analytic and therapeutical challenges in the administration of immunosuppressed sufferer at high danger of expanding fungal infections. An upgraded antimycosal treatment is fundamental for a fruitful result while treating intrusive mycoses. A collection of antimycosal drugs keeps on developing with their specific antifungal targets including cell membrane, mitochondria, cell wall, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) or protein biosynthesis. Some fundamental classes of ordinarily directed medications are the polyenes, amphotericin B, syringomycin, allylamines, honokiol, azoles, flucytosine, echinocandins etc. However, few immunotherapy processes and vaccinations are being developed to mark this need, although one presently can't seem to arrive at the conclusion. In this review article, there has been a trial to give details upgradation about the current immune therapeutic techniques and vaccination strategies against prevention or treatment of mycosis as well as the difficulties related with their turn of events. There has been also a visualization in the mentioned review paper about the various assorted drugs and their specific target analysis along with therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Sarkar
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Arundhati Banerjee
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Krishnendu Ganguly
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Riya Sarkar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Dr. B. C. Roy Academy of Professional Courses, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713206, India
| | - Satyajit Mohanty
- Department of Advanced Pharmacology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Rumpa Dhua
- Department of Nutrition, Bankura Sammilani College, Kenduadihi, Bankura, West Bengal, 722102, India
| | - Koushik Bhattacharya
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Deepika Ahuja
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Suchandra Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Rajkumar Maiti
- Department of Physiology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, 722101, India
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Sun R, Lim S. Ferritin cages as building blocks for higher-order assembly through copper-sulfur bonds for HER analysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24791-24796. [PMID: 39114434 PMCID: PMC11305402 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02931c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Higher-order assembly of ferritins has been achieved on copper substrate by introducing cysteines on their surfaces with thiol groups as the active moiety. To elucidate the assembly mechanism, Raman spectroscopy was utilized to characterize the interaction between the copper substrate and the modified ferritin, AfFtnAA/E94C. The resulting higher-order architecture shows enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive 637457 Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive 637457 Singapore
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Ghaffar SA, Tahir H, Muhammad S, Shahid M, Naqqash T, Faisal M, Albekairi TH, Alshammari A, Albekairi NA, Manzoor I. Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against Haemophilius parainfluenzae and its validation through integrated computational approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380732. [PMID: 38690283 PMCID: PMC11058264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a Gram-negative opportunist pathogen within the mucus of the nose and mouth without significant symptoms and has an ability to cause various infections ranging from ear, eye, and sinus to pneumonia. A concerning development is the increasing resistance of H. parainfluenzae to beta-lactam antibiotics, with the potential to cause dental infections or abscesses. The principal objective of this investigation is to utilize bioinformatics and immuno-informatic methodologies in the development of a candidate multi-epitope Vaccine. The investigation focuses on identifying potential epitopes for both B cells (B lymphocytes) and T cells (helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes) based on high non-toxic and non-allergenic characteristics. The selection process involves identifying human leukocyte antigen alleles demonstrating strong associations with recognized antigenic and overlapping epitopes. Notably, the chosen alleles aim to provide coverage for 90% of the global population. Multi-epitope constructs were designed by using suitable linker sequences. To enhance the immunological potential, an adjuvant sequence was incorporated using the EAAAK linker. The final vaccine construct, comprising 344 amino acids, was achieved after the addition of adjuvants and linkers. This multi-epitope Vaccine demonstrates notable antigenicity and possesses favorable physiochemical characteristics. The three-dimensional conformation underwent modeling and refinement, validated through in-silico methods. Additionally, a protein-protein molecular docking analysis was conducted to predict effective binding poses between the multi-epitope Vaccine and the Toll-like receptor 4 protein. The Molecular Dynamics (MD) investigation of the docked TLR4-vaccine complex demonstrated consistent stability over the simulation period, primarily attributed to electrostatic energy. The docked complex displayed minimal deformation and enhanced rigidity in the motion of residues during the dynamic simulation. Furthermore, codon translational optimization and computational cloning was performed to ensure the reliability and proper expression of the multi-Epitope Vaccine. It is crucial to emphasize that despite these computational validations, experimental research in the laboratory is imperative to demonstrate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the developed vaccine. This would involve practical assessments to ascertain the real-world effectiveness of the multi-epitope Vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haneen Tahir
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sher Muhammad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Manzoor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Cardoneanu A, Rezus II, Burlui AM, Richter P, Bratoiu I, Mihai IR, Macovei LA, Rezus E. Autoimmunity and Autoinflammation: Relapsing Polychondritis and VEXAS Syndrome Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2261. [PMID: 38396936 PMCID: PMC10889424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation at the level of cartilaginous structures and tissues rich in proteoglycans. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and still incompletely elucidated. The data support the important role of a particular genetic predisposition, with HLA-DR4 being considered an allele that confers a major risk of disease occurrence. Environmental factors, mechanical, chemical or infectious, act as triggers in the development of clinical manifestations, causing the degradation of proteins and the release of cryptic cartilage antigens. Both humoral and cellular immunity play essential roles in the occurrence and perpetuation of autoimmunity and inflammation. Autoantibodies anti-type II, IX and XI collagens, anti-matrilin-1 and anti-COMPs (cartilage oligomeric matrix proteins) have been highlighted in increased titers, being correlated with disease activity and considered prognostic factors. Innate immunity cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, natural killer lymphocytes and eosinophils have been found in the perichondrium and cartilage, together with activated antigen-presenting cells, C3 deposits and immunoglobulins. Also, T cells play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of the disease, with relapsing polychondritis being considered a TH1-mediated condition. Thus, increased secretions of interferon γ, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-2 have been highlighted. The "inflammatory storm" formed by a complex network of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines actively modulates the recruitment and infiltration of various cells, with cartilage being a source of antigens. Along with RP, VEXAS syndrome, another systemic autoimmune disease with genetic determinism, has an etiopathogenesis that is still incompletely known, and it involves the activation of the innate immune system through different pathways and the appearance of the cytokine storm. The clinical manifestations of VEXAS syndrome include an inflammatory phenotype often similar to that of RP, which raises diagnostic problems. The management of RP and VEXAS syndrome includes common immunosuppressive therapies whose main goal is to control systemic inflammatory manifestations. The objective of this paper is to detail the main etiopathogenetic mechanisms of a rare disease, summarizing the latest data and presenting the distinct features of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Cardoneanu
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Medical Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (A.M.B.); (P.R.); (I.B.); (I.R.M.); (L.A.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Irina Rezus
- Discipline of Radiology, Surgery Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Maria Burlui
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Medical Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (A.M.B.); (P.R.); (I.B.); (I.R.M.); (L.A.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Patricia Richter
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Medical Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (A.M.B.); (P.R.); (I.B.); (I.R.M.); (L.A.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Bratoiu
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Medical Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (A.M.B.); (P.R.); (I.B.); (I.R.M.); (L.A.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Ruxandra Mihai
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Medical Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (A.M.B.); (P.R.); (I.B.); (I.R.M.); (L.A.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luana Andreea Macovei
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Medical Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (A.M.B.); (P.R.); (I.B.); (I.R.M.); (L.A.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Rezus
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Medical Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (A.M.B.); (P.R.); (I.B.); (I.R.M.); (L.A.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
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Bajzert J, Jawor P, Baran R, Stefaniak T. Subcutaneous application of hyperimmune serum against Histophilus somni recombinant proteins affects serum antibody reactivity in beef calves. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:51. [PMID: 38341558 PMCID: PMC10858532 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract diseases cause significant economic loss in beef cattle. This study aimed to determine whether the application of hyperimmune serum (HS) containing antibodies against selected antigens of Gram-negative bacteria would improve the health and growth of different breeds of beef calves kept on three farms. Two recombinant protein antigens (Histophilus somni rHsp60 and rOMP40) were used to immunize four cows to produce HS. Eighty seven beef calves (Charolaise n = 36, Limousine n = 34, and crossbreed n = 17) were included into study. One hundred milliliters of serum were administered subcutaneously to 43 beef calves (Charolaise n = 18, Limousine n = 17, and crossbreed n = 8) twice, between 1 and 5 and 21-28 days of life. Calves were examined three times, and blood samples were taken to evaluate immunoglobulin M, G1, and G2, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin concentrations and reactivity of these Ig classes of antibodies against H. somni rHsp60 and rOMP40. Average daily weight gain during the first month and until weaning was calculated. RESULTS HS showed higher (p ≤ 0.05) reactivity in calf sera against H. somni rHsp60 and OMP40 in IgG1 and IgG2. In experimental calves, compared to control calves, the reactivity of IgG1 against rOMP40 in the second sampling was higher in Limousine calves (p ≤ 0.001) and in the other two herds (p ≤ 0.05). Serum IgG2 antibody activity against H. somni rHsp60 in the second sampling was higher in experimental calves than in control calves in charolaise (p ≤ 0.05) and limousine (p ≤ 0.001) herds. The reactivity of IgG2 against rOMP40 in the second sampling of experimental calves was higher in herds with Charolaise and Limousine calves (p ≤ 0.001) and in crossbred calves (p ≤ 0.05). In the third sampling, serum IgG1 antibody reactivity against rOMP40 in Limousine calves was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the experimental group. Among the other evaluated parameters, only SAA in the second sampling in the herd with Charolaise calves and heart rate in the herd with Limousine calves were significantly higher in the control calves (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The application of HS to calves in all herds had an impact on specific reactivity in IgG1 and IgG2 classes against H. somni rOMP40 and rHsp60, antigens which were used for serum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bajzert
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31 Str, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| | - Paulina Jawor
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31 Str, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland.
| | - Rafał Baran
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31 Str, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31 Str, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
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Ng TH, Harrison MC, Scharsack JP, Kurtz J. Disentangling specific and unspecific components of innate immune memory in a copepod-tapeworm system. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1307477. [PMID: 38348037 PMCID: PMC10859752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1307477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence that the innate immune system can respond with forms of memory upon reinfection has been accumulating over the past few years. These phenomena of "immune priming" in invertebrates, and "trained immunity" in vertebrates, are contrary to previous belief that immune memory and specificity are restricted to the adaptive immune system. However, while trained immunity is usually a response with rather low specificity, immune priming has shown highly specific responses in certain species. To date, it is largely unknown how specificity in innate immune memory can be achieved in response to different parasite types. Here, we revisited a system where an exceptionally high degree of innate immune specificity had been demonstrated for the first time, consisting of the copepod Macrocyclops albidus and its natural parasite, the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus. Using homologous (same family) vs. heterologous (different family) priming-challenge experiments, we first confirm that copepods exposed to the same parasite family benefit from reduced secondary infections. We further focused on exposed-but-not-infected copepods in primary exposure to employ a transcriptomic approach, distinguishing between immunity that was either specific or unspecific regarding the discrimination between tapeworm types. A weighted gene co-expression network (WGCN) revealed differences between specific and unspecific immunity; while both involved histone modification regulation, specific immunity involved gene-splicing factors, whereas unspecific immunity was primarily involved in metabolic shift. We found a functional enrichment in spliceosome in specific immunity, whereas oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in unspecific immunity. Our findings allow discrimination of specific and unspecific components of an innate immune memory, based on gene expression networks, and deepen our understanding of basic aspects of immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Hann Ng
- *Correspondence: Tze Hann Ng, ; Joachim Kurtz,
| | | | | | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Melo J, Cavadas B, Pereira L, Figueiredo C, Leite M. Transcriptomic remodeling of gastric cells by Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13031. [PMID: 37997013 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spontaneously released by Gram-negative bacteria and influence bacteria-host interactions by acting as a delivery system for bacterial components and by interacting directly with host cells. Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium that chronically colonizes the human stomach, also sheds OMVs, and their impact on bacterial-mediated diseases is still being elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transcriptomic profiling of the human gastric cell line MKN74 upon challenge with H. pylori OMVs compared to control and infected cells was performed using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Panel to understand the gene expression changes that human gastric epithelial cells might undergo when exposed to H. pylori OMVs. RESULTS H. pylori OMVs per se modify the gene expression profile of gastric epithelial cells, adding another layer of (gene) regulation to the already complex host-bacteria interaction. The most enriched pathways include those related to amino acid metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, autophagy, and ferroptosis, whereas the cell cycle, DNA replication, and DNA repair were the most downregulated. The transcriptomic changes induced by OMVs were mostly similar to those induced by the parental bacteria, likely amplifying the effects of the bacterium itself. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a valuable portrayal of the transcriptomic remodeling of gastric cells induced by H. pylori OMVs. It demonstrates the breadth of cellular pathways and genes affected by OMVs, most previously unreported, which can be further dissected for the underlying molecular mediators and explored to understand the pathobiology of the full spectrum of H. pylori-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Leite
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Omidi A, Nazifi S, Rasekh M, Zare N. Heat-shock proteins, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in one-humped camels. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 56:29. [PMID: 38158433 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
One-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) exhibit remarkable adaptability to harsh desert environments through various physiological adaptations. This study aimed to assess variations and reference values of Heat-shock proteins (HSPs), physiological parameters, mineral concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 90 healthy female one-humped camels from Zabol's outskirts in Iran. The objective was to understand how these camels adapt to heat stress. Blood samples were collected from camels located at five geographical regions and analyzed using standard kits and methods. Reference intervals for heat-shock protein 30 (HSP30), heat-shock protein 40 (HSP40), heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), and heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) were determined using the reference value advisor (RVA). The study found significant differences among different regions for HSPs (P < 0.05), MDA (P = 0.021), and TAC (P = 0.042) levels, indicating variations in adaptation mechanisms. However, no notable differences were observed for other measured parameters between these regions. There were no significant differences observed in the evaluated parameters between the age categories of > 36 months and < 36 months. The positive correlation between HSPs and MDA levels (ranging from 0.754 to 0.884) suggests that the synthesis of HSPs is triggered as a response to oxidative stress caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defenses. This oxidative stress, in turn, is a consequence of thermal stress. Additionally, the study reveals a negative association between TAC and HSP levels (ranging from - 0.660 to - 0.820), emphasizing the role of antioxidants in mitigating heat stress. The findings of this research offer compelling support for the critical role that HSPs play in protecting cells from heat-induced damage. Additionally, the presence of higher levels of HSPs in regions with more severe climate conditions serves as evidence of camels' adaptation to heat stress. These findings emphasize the substantial impact of environmental factors on HSP production and further reinforce the crucial role of HSPs in bolstering the resilience of camels. Further research is needed to explore HSP expression and mechanisms to effectively manage and enhance camel resilience in extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Omidi
- Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rasekh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nima Zare
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Abare MY, Rahayu S, Tugiyanti E. Review: The role of heat shock proteins in chicken: Insights into stress adaptation and health. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105057. [PMID: 37864906 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
This review article aimed to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the function of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in chicken physiology, stress response, and overall poultry health. With the increasing challenges faced by the livestock industry, particularly the poultry sector, due to climate change-induced high ambient temperatures, heat stress (HS) has become a critical concern. HS disrupts the thermal balance in poultry, leading to detrimental effects on growth, immune function, and overall health. HSPs play a pivotal role in mitigating the impacts of HS in chickens. These molecular chaperones are involved in protein folding, unfolding, and assembly, and they are classified into several families based on their size, including small molecule HSPs, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP110. By maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting stress tolerance, HSPs act as vital guardians in helping chickens cope with HS and its associated consequences. The review synthesized relevant literature to shed light on the importance of HSPs in stress adaptation, cellular homeostasis, and the maintenance of normal cell metabolism in chickens. The adverse effects of HS on chickens include oxidative stress and compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. So also, HS negatively affects production performance and meat quality in poultry. Understanding the functions of HSPs in chickens offers valuable insights into stress adaptation and health, and could potentially lead to the identification of HSP biomarkers, genetic selection for heat tolerance, investigations into the interplay between HSPs and immune function, and the development of nutritional interventions to enhance HSP activity. By exploring these potential research directions, the review aimed to contribute to the development of novel approaches to mitigate the negative effects of HS on poultry, ultimately improving productivity and animal welfare in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yakubu Abare
- Departmenmt of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate, Jendral Soedirman University, Dr. Suparno Street, Karangwangkal, Puwokerto, Central Java 53122, Indonesia.
| | - Sri Rahayu
- Faculty of Animal Science, Jendral Soedirman University, Dr. Suparno Street, Karangwangkal, Puwokerto, Central Java 53122, Indonesia.
| | - Elly Tugiyanti
- Faculty of Animal Science, Jendral Soedirman University, Dr. Suparno Street, Karangwangkal, Puwokerto, Central Java 53122, Indonesia.
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Kim DK, Huh JW, Yu H, Lee Y, Jin Y, Ha UH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Derived DnaJ Induces the Expression of IL-1β by Engaging the Interplay of p38 and ERK Signaling Pathways in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15957. [PMID: 37958940 PMCID: PMC10648868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As members of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bacterial heat shock proteins (HSPs) are widely recognized for their role in initiating innate immune responses. This study aimed to examine the impact of DnaJ, a homolog of HSP40 derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), on the regulation of IL-1β expression in macrophages. We demonstrated that DnaJ modulates macrophages to secrete IL-1β by activating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Specifically, ERK was identified as a positive mediator for IL-1β expression, while p38 acted as a negative mediator. These results suggest that the reciprocal actions of these two crucial MAPKs play a vital role in controlling IL-1β expression. Additionally, the reciprocal actions of MAPKs were found to regulate the activation of inflammasome-related molecules, including vimentin, NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD. Furthermore, our investigation explored the involvement of CD91/CD40 in ERK signaling-mediated IL-1β production from DnaJ-treated macrophages. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the signaling mechanisms underlying IL-1β induction and suggest the potential utility of DnaJ as an adjuvant for stimulating inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Kyum Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Huh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hyeonseung Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yeji Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Un-Hwan Ha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.K.); (J.-W.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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11
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Mayack C, Cook SE, Niño BD, Rivera L, Niño EL, Seshadri A. Poor Air Quality Is Linked to Stress in Honeybees and Can Be Compounded by the Presence of Disease. INSECTS 2023; 14:689. [PMID: 37623399 PMCID: PMC10455886 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-related extreme weather events have manifested in the western United States as warmer and drier conditions with an increased risk of wildfires. Honeybees, essential for crop pollination in California, are at the center of these extreme weather events. We associated the maximum daily temperature and air quality index values with the performance of colonies placed in wildfire-prone areas and determined the impact of these abiotic stressors on gene expression and histopathology. Our results indicate that poor air quality was associated with higher maximum daily temperatures and a lower gene expression level of Prophenoloxidase (ProPO), which is tied to immune system strength; however, a higher gene expression level of Vitellogenin (Vg) is tied to oxidative stress. There was a positive relationship between Varroa mites and N. ceranae pathogen loads, and a negative correlation between Varroa mites and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression, suggesting the limited ability of mite-infested colonies to buffer against extreme temperatures. Histological analyses did not reveal overt signs of interaction between pathology and abiotic stressors, but N. ceranae infections were evident. Our study provides insights into interactions between abiotic stressors, their relation to common biotic stressors, and the expression of genes related to immunity and oxidative stress in bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mayack
- USDA/ARS/WRRC, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (B.D.N.); (L.R.)
| | - Sarah E. Cook
- SpecialtyVETPATH, 3450 16th Ave. W. Ste 303, Seattle, WA 98119, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 944 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bernardo D. Niño
- USDA/ARS/WRRC, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (B.D.N.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Rivera
- USDA/ARS/WRRC, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (B.D.N.); (L.R.)
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Elina L. Niño
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Arathi Seshadri
- USDA/ARS/WRRC, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (B.D.N.); (L.R.)
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12
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Czerwonka AE, Sawadro MK, Brożek J, Babczyńska AI. Immunostimulation of Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae: Theridiidae) in juvenile and adult stages. Immunity reactions to injury with foreign body and Bacillus subtilis infection. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15337. [PMID: 37483985 PMCID: PMC10358339 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the immune potential of spiders, in the present study juvenile and adult females of Parasteatoda tepidariorum were exposed to Bacillus subtilis infection, injury by a nylon monofilament and a combination of both. The expression level of selected immune-related genes: defensin 1 (PtDEF1), lysozyme 1 (PtLYS1), lysozyme C (PtLYSC), lysozyme M1 (PtLYSM1), autophagy-related protein 101 (PtATG101), dynamin (PtDYN) and heat shock proteins (HSP70) (PtHSPB, PtHSPB2A, PtHSPB2B), production of lysozyme and HSP70 proteins, and hemocytes viability were measured. The obtained results indicated expression of the lysozyme, autophagy-related protein and HSP70 genes in both ontogenetic stages of P. tepidariorum. It has been also shown that the simultaneous action of mechanical and biological factors causes higher level of lysozyme and HSP70, cell apoptosis intensity and lower level of hemocytes viability than in the case of exposure to a single immunostimulant. Moreover, mature females showed stronger early immune responses compared to juveniles.
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13
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Tian H, Ding M, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Yu Y, Tian Y, Li K, Sun G, Jiang R, Han R, Yan F, Kang X. Effect of HSPA8 gene on the proliferation, apoptosis and immune function of HD11 cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104666. [PMID: 36764422 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
HSPA8 (Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8) is a molecular chaperone involved in a variety of cellular processes. This gene may affect the proliferation, apoptosis and immune function of chicken macrophages, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the HSPA8 gene on the proliferation, apoptosis and immune function of chicken macrophages. In this study, a chicken HSPA8 overexpression plasmid, interference fragment and corresponding controls were transfected into HD11 cells, and then the expression of the HSPA8 gene, cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis rate and immune function of each group were detected. The results showed that transfection of the HSPA8 overexpression plasmid significantly upregulated the level of HSPA8 expression in HD11 cells compared with the control; significantly promoted the proliferation of HD11 cells and the expression of PCNA, CCND1 and CCNB3; decreased the number of cells in the G1 phase and increased the number of cells in the S phase; decreased the rate of apoptosis and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2; and promoted the expression of the LPS-induced cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Transfection of the HSPA8 interference fragment significantly downregulated the level of HSPA8 expression in HD11 cells; significantly inhibited the proliferation of HD11 cells and the expression of PCNA, CCND1 and CDK1; increased the number of cells in the G1 phase and decreased the number of cells in the S phase; increased the rate of apoptosis, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression levels of Fas and FasL; and inhibited the expression of the LPS-induced cytokines IL-1β and NF-κB. The results suggested that HSPA8 promotes the proliferation of and inhibits the apoptosis of HD11 cells and has a proinflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengxia Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yange Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Kui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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14
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Oh S, Seo SB, Kim G, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Stimulates Angiogenesis and Collagen Synthesis in Aged Animal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097986. [PMID: 37175693 PMCID: PMC10178436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis promotes rejuvenation in multiple organs, including the skin. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are proangiogenic factors that stimulate the activities of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA), polynucleotide (PN), and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) are dermal fillers that stimulate the synthesis of dermal collagen. However, it is not yet known whether these compounds promote angiogenesis, which leads to skin rejuvenation. Here, we evaluated whether PDLLA, PN, and CaHA stimulate angiogenesis and skin rejuvenation using H2O2-treated senescent macrophages and endothelial cells as an in vitro model for skin aging, and we used young and aged C57BL/6 mice as an in vivo model. Angiogenesis was evaluated via endothelial cell migration length, proliferation, and tube formation after conditioned media (CM) from senescent macrophages was treated with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. Western blot showed decreased expression levels of HSP90, HIF-1α, and VEGF in senescent macrophages, but higher expression levels of these factors were found after treatment with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. In addition, after exposure to CM from senescent macrophages treated with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA, senescent endothelial cells expressed higher levels of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), PI3K, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and demonstrated greater capacities for cell migration, cell proliferation, and tube formation. Based on the levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, the oxidative stress level was lower in the skin of aged mice injected with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA, while the tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 expression levels; the density of collagen fibers; and the skin elasticity were higher in the skin of aged mice injected with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. These effects were greater in PDLLA than in PN or CaHA. In conclusion, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that PDLLA stimulates angiogenesis, leading to the rejuvenation of aged skin. Our study is the first to show that PDLLA, PN, or CaHA can result in angiogenesis in the aged skin, possibly by increasing the levels of HSP90, HIF-1α, and VEGF and increasing collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Bae Seo
- SeoAh Song Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 05557, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunpoong Kim
- VAIM Co., Ltd., Okcheon 29055, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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15
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Ovrom EA, Mostert KA, Khakhkhar S, McKee DP, Yang P, Her YF. A Comprehensive Review of the Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to the Development of Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1119. [PMID: 37189737 PMCID: PMC10135661 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge of the genetic and epigenetic contributions to the development of fibromyalgia (FM). Although there is no single gene that results in the development of FM, this study reveals that certain polymorphisms in genes involved in the catecholaminergic pathway, the serotonergic pathway, pain processing, oxidative stress, and inflammation may influence susceptibility to FM and the severity of its symptoms. Furthermore, epigenetic changes at the DNA level may lead to the development of FM. Likewise, microRNAs may impact the expression of certain proteins that lead to the worsening of FM-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Ovrom
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Karson A. Mostert
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shivani Khakhkhar
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daniel P. McKee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Padao Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yeng F. Her
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abdala ME, Rivero MB, Luque ME, Di Lullo D, Luna BE, Carranza PG, Volta BJ, Rivero FD. Proteomic analysis of proteins released by Tritrichomonas foetus: Identification of potential targets for the development of new diagnostic methods. Vet Parasitol 2023; 316:109890. [PMID: 36878106 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine trichomonosis (BT), a disease of the bovine urogenital tract, is caused by the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus (Tf). Tf causes endometritis, infertility, and premature death of the embryo, which generates considerable economic losses. The proteins released can mediate fundamental interactions between the pathogen and the host, triggering factors associated with the symptomatology, immune evasion and pathogenesis characteristic of the species. However, little is known about the profile of the proteins released by Tf. In order to contribute to their knowledge, we performed an isolation protocol and a proteomic profiling of the supernatant (SN) content of six Tf isolates. A total of 662 proteins present in the SN of Tf were detected, out of which 121 were shared by the six isolates, while the remaining 541 were found in at least one of the isolates studied. The comparative analyses using the databases of Tf strain genome K revealed 32.9% of uncharacterized proteins. The bioinformatic analyses showed that the main molecular functions predicted were binding (47.9%) and catalytic activity (38.2%). Additionally, we performed immunodetection assays to evidence the antigenic potential of SN proteins. Interestingly, we observed great ability to detect SN proteins from all six isolates using serum from immunized mice and infected bulls. A complementary mass spectrometry assay allowed us to determine that the proteins that showed the strongest signal intensity in the immunoassays were Grp78 (A0A1J4IZS3) and Ap65 (A0A1J4JSR1). This work represents the first proteomic characterization of Tf SN proteins and their antigenic potential, which might be interesting for the future design of new diagnosis and treatment methods for BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Abdala
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - María Belén Rivero
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Melchor Emilio Luque
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - David Di Lullo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Bruno Elías Luna
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Pedro Gabriel Carranza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Bibiana J Volta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Fernando David Rivero
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología (LaBIM), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA-UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
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Mycobacterial Heat Shock Proteins in Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065084. [PMID: 36982159 PMCID: PMC10048904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological similarities between sarcoidosis (SA) and tuberculosis (TB) suggest the role of mycobacterial antigens in the etiopathogenesis of SA. The Dubaniewicz group revealed that not whole mycobacteria, but Mtb-HSP70, Mtb-HSP 65, and Mtb-HSP16 were detected in the lymph nodes, sera, and precipitated immune complexes in patients with SA and TB. In SA, the Mtb-HSP16 concentration was higher than that of Mtb-HSP70 and that of Mtb-HSP65, whereas in TB, the Mtb-HSP16 level was increased vs. Mtb-HSP70. A high Mtb-HSP16 level, induced by low dose-dependent nitrate/nitrite (NOx), may develop a mycobacterial or propionibacterial genetic dormancy program in SA. In contrast to TB, increased peroxynitrite concentration in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures treated with Mtb-HSP may explain the low level of NOx detected in SA. In contrast to TB, monocytes in SA were resistant to Mtb-HSP-induced apoptosis, and CD4+T cell apoptosis was increased. Mtb-HSP-induced apoptosis of CD8+T cells was reduced in all tested groups. In Mtb-HSP-stimulated T cells, lower CD8+γδ+IL-4+T cell frequency with increased TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and decreased INF-γ,IL-2,IL-4 production were present in SA, as opposed to an increased presence of CD4+γδ+TCR cells with increased TNF-α,IL-6 levels in TB, vs. controls. Mtb-HSP modulating the level of co-stimulatory molecules, regulatory cells, apoptosis, clonal deletion, epitope spread, polyclonal activation and molecular mimicry between human and microbial HSPs may also participate in the induction of autoimmunity, considered in SA. In conclusion, in different genetically predisposed hosts, the same antigens, e.g., Mtb-HSP, may induce the development of TB or SA, including an autoimmune response in sarcoidosis.
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Status Quo and Future Perspectives of Molecular and Genomic Studies on the Genus Biomphalaria-The Intermediate Snail Host of Schistosoma mansoni. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054895. [PMID: 36902324 PMCID: PMC10003693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, or also generally known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a parasitic disease that is caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. It is considered by the World Health Organisation as the second most prevalent parasitic disease after malaria and affects more than 230 million people in over 70 countries. People are infected via a variety of activities ranging from agricultural, domestic, occupational to recreational activities, where the freshwater snails Biomphalaria release Schistosoma cercariae larvae that penetrate the skin of humans when exposed in water. Understanding the biology of the intermediate host snail Biomphalaria is thus important to reveal the potential spread of schistosomiasis. In this article, we present an overview of the latest molecular studies focused on the snail Biomphalaria, including its ecology, evolution, and immune response; and propose using genomics as a foundation to further understand and control this disease vector and thus the transmission of schistosomiasis.
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Casajuana Ester M, Day RM. Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020663. [PMID: 36839984 PMCID: PMC9961751 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers, cell-free therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers. Despite their great clinical potential, poor yield and unscalable production of EVs remain significant challenges. When using 3D culture methods, such as scaffolds and bioreactors, large numbers of cells can be expanded and the cell environment can be manipulated to control the cell phenotype. This has been employed to successfully increase the production of EVs as well as to enhance their therapeutic effects. The physiological relevance of 3D cultures, such as spheroids, has also provided a strategy for understanding the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of several diseases and to evaluate their role as tools to deliver drugs. Additionally, 3D culture methods can encapsulate EVs to achieve more sustained therapeutic effects as well as prevent premature clearance of EVs to enable more localised delivery and concentrated exosome dosage. This review highlights the opportunities and drawbacks of different 3D culture methods and their use in EV research.
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20
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Immune dysregulation and pathogenic pathways mediated by common infections in rheumatoid arthritis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:325-335. [PMID: 36680729 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the world's most prevalent inflammatory autoimmune diseases, affecting between 0.4 and 1.3% of the population. The susceptibility to RA appears to be influenced by a complex interaction between a favorable genetic background and the existence of a specific immune reaction against a wide range of environmental variables. Among the known environmental variables, infections are believed to have a significant role in promoting the formation of autoimmune disorders, which are frequently caused by specific microorganisms. Infections have been linked to RA in recent medical studies. In this study, we selected the most prevalent infections associated with RA from the literature and described the data confirming their pathogenic role in RA. Our investigation included Mycobacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Proteus mirabilis, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus, and Prevotella copri.
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21
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Lessons Learned from Two Decades of Modeling the Heat-Shock Response. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111645. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Heat Shock Response (HSR) is a highly conserved genetic system charged with protecting the proteome in a wide range of organisms and species. Experiments since the early 1980s have elucidated key elements in these pathways and revealed a canonical mode of regulation, which relies on a titration feedback. This system has been subject to substantial modeling work, addressing questions about resilience, design and control. The compact core regulatory circuit, as well as its apparent conservation, make this system an ideal ‘hydrogen atom’ model for the regulation of stress response. Here we take a broad view of the models of the HSR, focusing on the different questions asked and the approaches taken. After 20 years of modeling work, we ask what lessons had been learned that would have been hard to discover without mathematical models. We find that while existing models lay strong foundations, many important questions that can benefit from quantitative modeling are still awaiting investigation.
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22
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Caillet C, Stofberg ML, Muleya V, Shonhai A, Zininga T. Host cell stress response as a predictor of COVID-19 infectivity and disease progression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:938099. [PMID: 36032680 PMCID: PMC9411049 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.938099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a coronavirus identified in December 2019 has caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020 and has led to more than 6.3 million deaths. The pandemic has disrupted world travel, economies, and lifestyles worldwide. Although vaccination has been an effective tool to reduce the severity and spread of the disease there is a need for more concerted approaches to fighting the disease. COVID-19 is characterised as a severe acute respiratory syndrome . The severity of the disease is associated with a battery of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic lung disease, and renal disease. These underlying diseases are associated with general cellular stress. Thus, COVID-19 exacerbates outcomes of the underlying conditions. Consequently, coronavirus infection and the various underlying conditions converge to present a combined strain on the cellular response. While the host response to the stress is primarily intended to be of benefit, the outcomes are occasionally unpredictable because the cellular stress response is a function of complex factors. This review discusses the role of the host stress response as a convergent point for COVID-19 and several non-communicable diseases. We further discuss the merits of targeting the host stress response to manage the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Caillet
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Victor Muleya
- Department of Biochemistry, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Forcing the Antitumor Effects of HSPs Using a Modulated Electric Field. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111838. [PMID: 35681533 PMCID: PMC9180583 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) is a “double-edged sword” with regards to tumors. The location and interactions of HSPs determine their pro- or antitumor activity. The present review includes an overview of the relevant functions of HSPs, which could improve their antitumor activity. Promoting the antitumor processes could assist in the local and systemic management of cancer. We explore the possibility of achieving this by manipulating the electromagnetic interactions within the tumor microenvironment. An appropriate electric field may select and affect the cancer cells using the electric heterogeneity of the tumor tissue. This review describes the method proposed to effect such changes: amplitude-modulated radiofrequency (amRF) applied with a 13.56 MHz carrier frequency. We summarize the preclinical investigations of the amRF on the HSPs in malignant cells. The preclinical studies show the promotion of the expression of HSP70 on the plasma membrane, participating in the immunogenic cell death (ICD) pathway. The sequence of guided molecular changes triggers innate and adaptive immune reactions. The amRF promotes the secretion of HSP70 also in the extracellular matrix. The extracellular HSP70 accompanied by free HMGB1 and membrane-expressed calreticulin (CRT) form damage-associated molecular patterns encouraging the dendritic cells’ maturing for antigen presentation. The process promotes killer T-cells. Clinical results demonstrate the potential of this immune process to trigger a systemic effect. We conclude that the properly applied amRF promotes antitumor HSP activity, and in situ, it could support the tumor-specific immune effects produced locally but acting systemically for disseminated cells and metastatic lesions.
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DnaJ-induced TLR7 mediates an increase in interferons through the TLR4-engaged AKT/NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways in macrophages. Microb Pathog 2022; 165:105465. [PMID: 35247500 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling plays pivotal roles in innate immunity by sensing viral single-stranded RNA thereby triggering inflammatory signaling cascades and eliciting protective antiviral responses. In this study, we found that TLR7 expression is highly induced in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection in a dose- and time-dependent manner. P. aeruginosa-derived DnaJ, a homolog of HSP40, was identified as a related inducing agent for TLR7 expression, and expression of DnaJ was stimulated when host cells were infected with P. aeruginosa. Interestingly, DnaJ was not involved in mediating an increase in the expression levels of TLR3 and TLR8, other well-known antiviral receptors. The induction of TLR7 in response to DnaJ was mediated by the activation of the AKT (Thr308 and Ser473)/NF-κB and p38/JNK MAPKs signaling pathways, consequently transmitting related signals for the expression of interferons (IFNs). Of note, these antiviral responses were regulated, at least in part, by TLR4, which senses the presence of DnaJ and then promotes downstream activation of the AKT (Ser473)/NF-κB and JNK signaling cascades. Taken together, these results suggest that P. aeruginosa-derived DnaJ is sufficient to promote an increase in TLR7 expression in the TLR4-engaged AKT/NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways, thereby promoting an increased antiviral response through the elevated expression of IFNs.
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Ardestani H, Nazarian S, Hajizadeh A, Sadeghi D, Kordbacheh E. In silico and in vivo approaches to recombinant multi-epitope immunogen of GroEL provides efficient cross protection against S. Typhimurium, S. flexneri, and S. dysenteriae. Mol Immunol 2022; 144:96-105. [PMID: 35217247 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress or Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been included in various operations like protein folding, autophagy, and apoptosis. HSP families recognize as protective antigens in a wide range of bacteria because they have been conserved through evolution. Due to their homology as well as antigenicity they are competent for applying in cross-protection against bacterial diseases. METHODS In the present study, bioinformatics approaches utilized to design epitope-based construction of Hsp60 (or GroEL) protein. In this regard, potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes except for allergenic sequences were selected by immunoinformatic tools. The structural and functional aspects of the DNA, RNA, and protein levels were assessed by bioinformatics software. Following in silico investigations, recombinant GroEL multi-epitope of Salmonella typhi was expressed, purified, and validated. Mouse groups were immunized with recombinant protein and humoral immune response was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Animal challenge against Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella dysenteriae was evaluated. RESULTS recombinant protein expression and purification with 14.3 kilodaltons (kDa) was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. After animal administration, the immunoglobulins evaluated increase after each immunization. Immunized antisera exhibited 80%, 40%, and 40% protection against the lethal dose infection by S. Typhimurium, S. flexneri, and S. dysenteriae respectively. Passive immunization conferred 50%, 30%, and 30% protection in mice against S. Typhimurium, S. flexneri and S. dysentery respectively. In addition, bacterial organ load had exhibited a significant decrease in colony forming unit (CFU) in the liver and spleen of the immunized mice compared to the control. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the efficacy of S. Typhi recombinant GroEL multi-epitope to consider as a universal immunogen candidate versus multiple bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ardestani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hajizadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Sadeghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Kordbacheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
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Tian H, Ding M, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Yu Y, Tian Y, Li K, Sun G, Jiang R, Han R, Yan F, Kang X. WITHDRAWN: Effect of HSPA8 on the proliferation, apoptosis and immune function of chicken macrophages. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022:106186. [PMID: 35217190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengxia Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yange Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Wu Y, Nie C, Luo R, Qi F, Bai X, Chen H, Niu J, Chen C, Zhang W. Effects of Multispecies Probiotic on Intestinal Microbiota and Mucosal Barrier Function of Neonatal Calves Infected With E. coli K99. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:813245. [PMID: 35154038 PMCID: PMC8826468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.813245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota are implicated in inflammatory neonatal calf diarrhea caused by E. coli K99. Beneficial probiotics are used to modulate gut microbiota. However, factors that mediate host-microbe interactions remain unclear. We evaluated the effects of a combination of multispecies probiotics (MSP) on growth, intestinal epithelial development, intestinal immune function and microbiota of neonatal calves infected with E. coli K99. Twelve newborn calves were randomly assigned as follows: C (control, without MSP); D (E. coli O78:K99 + gentamycin); and P (E. coli O78:K99 + supplemental MSP). All groups were studied for 21 d. MSP supplementation significantly (i) changed fungal Chao1 and Shannon indices of the intestine compared with group D; (ii) reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria, while increasing Bifidobacteria, Ascomycetes, and Saccharomyces, compared with groups C and D; (iii) improved duodenal and jejunal mucosal SIgA and total Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) concentrations compared with group D; (iv) increased relative ZO-1 and occludin mRNA expression in jejunal mucosa compared with group D; and (v) enhanced intestinal energy metabolism and defense mechanisms of calves by reducing HSP90 expression in E. coli K99, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response and promoting recovery of mucosal function. Our research may provide direct theoretical support for future applications of MSP in ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ruiqing Luo
- Xinjiang Tianshan Junken Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shihezi, China
| | - Fenghua Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Xinjiang Tianshan Junken Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shihezi, China
| | - Junli Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Chan WY, Entwisle C, Ercoli G, Ramos-Sevillano E, McIlgorm A, Cecchini P, Bailey C, Lam O, Whiting G, Green N, Goldblatt D, Wheeler JX, Brown JS. Corrected and Republished from: "A Novel, Multiple-Antigen Pneumococcal Vaccine Protects against Lethal Streptococcus pneumoniae Challenge". Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0084618a. [PMID: 35076289 PMCID: PMC9199499 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00846-18a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae uses vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides from selected serotypes and has led to nonvaccine serotype replacement disease. We have investigated an alternative serotype-independent approach, using multiple-antigen vaccines (MAV) prepared from S. pneumoniae TIGR4 lysates enriched for surface proteins by a chromatography step after culture under conditions that induce expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp; thought to be immune adjuvants). Proteomics and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that, compared to standard bacterial lysates, MAV was enriched with Hsps and contained several recognized protective protein antigens, including pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and pneumolysin (Ply). Vaccination of rodents with MAV induced robust antibody responses to multiple serotypes, including nonpneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes. Homologous and heterologous strains of S. pneumoniae were opsonized after incubation in sera from vaccinated rodents. In mouse models, active vaccination with MAV significantly protected against pneumonia, while passive transfer of rabbit serum from MAV-vaccinated rabbits significantly protected against sepsis caused by both homologous and heterologous S. pneumoniae strains. Direct comparison of MAV preparations made with or without the heat shock step showed no clear differences in protein antigen content and antigenicity, suggesting that the chromatography step rather than Hsp induction improved MAV antigenicity. Overall, these data suggest that the MAV approach may provide serotype-independent protection against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win-Yan Chan
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Ramos-Sevillano
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann McIlgorm
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Oliver Lam
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Whiting
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Green
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldblatt
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X. Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
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García-Carnero LC, Salinas-Marín R, Lozoya-Pérez NE, Wrobel K, Wrobel K, Martínez-Duncker I, Niño-Vega GA, Mora-Montes HM. The Heat Shock Protein 60 and Pap1 Participate in the Sporothrixschenckii-Host Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110960. [PMID: 34829247 PMCID: PMC8620177 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrixschenckii is one of the etiological agents of sporotrichosis, a worldwide-distributed subcutaneous mycosis. Its cell wall contains a glycoconjugate composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and proteins, named peptidorhamnomannan, which harbors important Sporothrix-specific immunogenic epitopes. Although the peptidorhamnomannan carbohydrate moiety has been extensively studied, thus far, little is known about the protein core. Here, using LC-MS/MS, we analyzed the S.schenckii peptidorhamnomannan peptide fraction and generated mass signals of 325 proteins, most of them likely to be moonlighting proteins. Among the identified proteins, chaperonin GroEL/Hsp60 and the uncharacterized protein Pap1 were selected for further analysis. Both proteins were heterologously expressed in bacteria, and they showed adhesive properties to the extracellular matrix proteins laminin, elastin, fibrinogen, and fibronectin, although Pap1 also was bound to type-I and type-II collagen. The inoculation of concentrations higher than 40 μg of these proteins, separately, increased immune effectors in the hemolymph of Galleriamellonella larvae and protected animals from an S.schenckii lethal challenge. These observations were confirmed when yeast-like cells, pre-incubated with anti-rHsp60 or anti-rPap1 antibodies were used to inoculate larvae. The animals inoculated with pretreated cells showed increased survival rates when compared to the control groups. In conclusion, we report that Hsp60 and Pap1 are part of the cell wall peptidorhamnomannan, can bind extracellular matrix components, and contribute to the S.schenckii virulence. To our knowledge, this is the first report about moonlighting protein in the S.schenckii cell wall with an important role during the pathogen-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. García-Carnero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, Gto., Mexico; (L.C.G.-C.); (N.E.L.-P.); (G.A.N.-V.)
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mor., Mexico; (R.S.-M.); (I.M.-D.)
| | - Nancy E. Lozoya-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, Gto., Mexico; (L.C.G.-C.); (N.E.L.-P.); (G.A.N.-V.)
| | - Katarzyna Wrobel
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, Gto., Mexico; (K.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, Gto., Mexico; (K.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mor., Mexico; (R.S.-M.); (I.M.-D.)
| | - Gustavo A. Niño-Vega
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, Gto., Mexico; (L.C.G.-C.); (N.E.L.-P.); (G.A.N.-V.)
| | - Héctor M. Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, Gto., Mexico; (L.C.G.-C.); (N.E.L.-P.); (G.A.N.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-473-7320006 (ext. 8193)
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Mohtasham N, Shahabinejad M, Kafiroudi S, Mohajertehran F. Evaluation of the Altered Tissue Expression of HSP60 and HSP70 Genes in Oral and Cutaneous Lichen Planus Compared to Normal Healthy Tissues. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:591-597. [PMID: 35283523 PMCID: PMC8906314 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1060_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent highlights have investigated the possible roles of molecular chaperons like heat shock proteins (HSPs) into Lichen Planus (LP)-onset and pathogenesis. This study for the first, determine the expression of both HSP60 and HSP70 genes in cutaneous LP (CLP) and oral LP (OLP) lesions compared to normal healthy cases and between different subtypes of OLP lesions by real-time (RT)-PCR. Materials and Methods: Paraffin blocks of LP lesions including 56 OLP and 56 CLP samples were selected from theMashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Also 56 biopsy samples of healthy normal participants were selected. The demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from their medical records. The expression of HSP60 and HPS70 genes were evaluated using the real-time RT-PCR method. Results: The comparison of the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 genes among the patients with CLP and OLP showed a significant overexpression of HSP60 and HSP70 genes in both groups compared to the normal participants (P = 0.001). The expression of HSP60 and HSP70 genes was high in both the groups of CLP and OLP patients, but the amount was not significantly different between the two groups. Comparing the two mucosal subgroups of OLP lesions (non-erosive and erosive) showed that the expression of the HSP60 and HSP70 in erosive subtypes of OLP was significantly higher than the non-erosive subtypes of OLP (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the overexpression of HSP60 and HSP70 in the LP lesions compared to healthy biopsies, we conclude that HSP60 and HSP70 could have key roles in the etiopathogenesis of the OLP and CLP lesions. The overexpression of both HSP60 and HSP70 in the erosive OLP group compared to the non-erosive OLP group emphasized the possible roles of HSPs in the pathogenesis and premalignant changes of OLP lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mohtasham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahabinejad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kafiroudi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Mohajertehran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Influence of formic acid treatment on the proteome of the ectoparasite Varroa destructor. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258845. [PMID: 34699527 PMCID: PMC8547630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoparasite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman is the most important parasites of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera L. The most widely currently used treatment uses formic acid (FA), but the understanding of its effects on V. destructor is limited. In order to understand the mechanism of action of FA, its effect on Varroa mites was investigated using proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). V. destructor was collected from honey bee colonies with natural mite infestation before and 24 h after the initiation of FA treatment and subjected to proteome analysis. A total of 2637 proteins were identified. Quantitative analysis of differentially expressed candidate proteins (fold change ≥ 1.5; p ≤ 0.05) revealed 205 differentially expressed proteins: 91 were induced and 114 repressed in the FA-treated group compared to the untreated control group. Impaired protein synthesis accompanied by increased protein and amino acid degradation suggest an imbalance in proteostasis. Signs of oxidative stress included significant dysregulation of candidate proteins of mitochondrial cellular respiration, increased endocytosis, and induction of heat shock proteins. Furthermore, an increased concentration of several candidate proteins associated with detoxification was observed. These results suggest dysregulated cellular respiration triggered by FA treatment as well as an increase in cellular defense mechanisms, including induced heat shock proteins and detoxification enzymes.
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Reis ICD, Fierro-Castro C, Gonçalves GS, Moromizato BS, Tort L, Biller JD. β-glucan mimics tissue damage signaling and generates a trade-off between head kidney and spleen to activate acquired immunity in vaccinated tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:179-187. [PMID: 34391940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The association of vaccines with immunostimulants such as β-glucan, promote the production of cytokines, competent immune cells and antibodies. However, differences between β-glucan types and trials make it difficult to understand β-glucan's mechanism of action. In this study, three trials were carried out with control and fish fed β-glucan, the first trial occurred at 15 days; the second trial occurred at 30 days when we associated β-glucan and vaccine; and the third trial occurred at 15 days post-challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (O. niloticus) in order to investigate immune-related gene expression in the head kidney and spleen using real-time qPCR. We found increases in HSP70, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, Lys and C3 predominantly in the head kidney, except for IgM expression, which prevailed in the spleen, under vaccinated + β-glucan action. This demonstrates the trade-off presented by the head kidney and spleen after immunostimulation in order to produce acquired immunity, as well as an increase in HSP70 expression in vaccinated + β-glucan fish. The results suggest that β-glucan stimulates the immune response through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognition. Therefore, these dynamics of the immune response promote a more robust defense against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Camargo Dos Reis
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Camino Fierro-Castro
- Universitat of León. Facultad de C.C. Biológicas y Ambientales. Departamento de Molecular Biologia y Genetica. Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Giovanni Sampaio Gonçalves
- SAA/APTA/Instituto de Pesca - Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio do Pescado Continental, São José do Rio Preto /SP, 15025-970, Brazil
| | - Basia Schlichting Moromizato
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Lluis Tort
- Departamento de Biología celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Fac. Biociences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaqueline Dalbello Biller
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil.
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Chakafana G, Spracklen TF, Kamuli S, Zininga T, Shonhai A, Ntusi NAB, Sliwa K. Heat Shock Proteins: Potential Modulators and Candidate Biomarkers of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:633013. [PMID: 34222357 PMCID: PMC8241919 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.633013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life-threatening condition in which heart failure and systolic dysfunction occur late in pregnancy or within months following delivery. To date, no reliable biomarkers or therapeutic interventions for the condition exist, thus necessitating an urgent need for identification of novel PPCM drug targets and candidate biomarkers. Leads for novel treatments and biomarkers are therefore being investigated worldwide. Pregnancy is generally accompanied by dramatic hemodynamic changes, including a reduced afterload and a 50% increase in cardiac output. These increased cardiac stresses during pregnancy potentially impair protein folding processes within the cardiac tissue. The accumulation of misfolded proteins results in increased toxicity and cardiac insults that trigger heart failure. Under stress conditions, molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsps) play crucial roles in maintaining cellular proteostasis. Here, we critically assess the potential role of Hsps in PPCM. We further predict specific associations between the Hsp types Hsp70, Hsp90 and small Hsps with several proteins implicated in PPCM pathophysiology. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of select Hsps as novel candidate PPCM biomarkers and drug targets. A better understanding of how these Hsps modulate PPCM pathogenesis holds promise in improving treatment, prognosis and management of the condition, and possibly other forms of acute heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Chakafana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy F Spracklen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Kamuli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Cano I, Santos EM, Moore K, Farbos A, van Aerle R. Evidence of Transcriptional Shutoff by Pathogenic Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus in Rainbow Trout. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061129. [PMID: 34208332 PMCID: PMC8231187 DOI: 10.3390/v13061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basis of pathogenicity of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was analysed in the transcriptome of a rainbow trout cell line inoculated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic VHSV isolates. Although both VHSV isolates showed similar viral replication patterns, the number of differentially expressed genes was 42-fold higher in cells inoculated with the non-pathogenic VHSV at 3 h post inoculation (hpi). Infection with the non-pathogenic isolate resulted in Gene Ontologies (GO) enrichment of terms such as immune response, cytokine-mediated signalling pathway, regulation of translational initiation, unfolded protein binding, and protein folding, and induced an over-representation of the p53, PPAR, and TGF-β signalling pathways. Inoculation with the pathogenic isolate resulted in the GO enrichment of terms related to lipid metabolism and the salmonella infection KEGG pathway involved in the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Antiviral response was evident at 12hpi in cells infected with the pathogenic isolate. Overall, the data showed a delay in the response of genes involved in immune responses and viral sensing in cells inoculated with the pathogenic isolate and suggest transcriptional shutoff and immune avoidance as a critical mechanism of pathogenicity in VHSV. These pathways offer opportunities to further understand and manage VHSV pathogenicity in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cano
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduarda M. Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK;
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| | - Karen Moore
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK; (K.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Audrey Farbos
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK; (K.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, UK;
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
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Verma S, Singh K, Bansal A. Multi-epitope DnaK peptide vaccine accords protection against lethal S. typhimurium challenge: Elicits both cell mediated immunity and long-lasting serum-neutralizing antibody titers. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105652. [PMID: 33975015 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid vaccine development has been impeded by inability of currently available vaccines to induce cellular immunity along with neutralizing antibodies against all serovars of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Unfortunately, antibiotic treatment has shown to be an ineffective therapy due to development of resistance against multiple antibiotics. In the present study, we have explored the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of in-silico designed multi-epitope DnaK peptides as candidate vaccine molecules against Salmonella. Immunization studies in mouse typhoid model revealed three of these peptides (DP1, DP5 and DP7) are highly efficacious, stimulating both humoral and cell mediated immunity along with long lasting antibody memory response. There was significant increase in antibody titers (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA and IgM), lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine levels. Immunized groups showed marked reduction in organ bacterial load, fecal shedding and pronounced protection (upto 80%) as compared to unimmunized controls after challenge with S. typhimurium. Our results demonstrate the huge potential of DnaK peptide vaccine candidates (DP1, DP5 and DP7) to accord protective immunity with significant increase in survivability against Salmonella infection in mice, thus commending these molecules as promising agents to tackle typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Verma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Kaushlesh Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Anju Bansal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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Abstract
This review highlights the possibilities of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using drugs based on chlorin e6, aluminum phthalocyanine, methylene blue as photosensitizers for bacterial and fungal pathologies. This method was developed initially to treat tumor diseases, where it had shown its high efficiency and safety. Now photodynamic therapy is actively used in the treatment of cancers of the skin, bronchi, stomach, cervix, larynx, or other regions. However, numerous studies have been carried out for the entire existence of the method, demonstrating new possibilities of its application. This review highlights a number of studies in which the efficacy and safety of antimicrobial and antimycotic PDT were studied in vivo and in vitro. It has been proven to have a positive effect on the reparative processes in the wound. An experimental study was carried out to study the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peritonitis in mice. Demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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37
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Pham TH, Cheng TC, Wang PC, Chen SC. Protective efficacy of four heat-shock proteins as recombinant vaccines against photobacteriosis in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 111:179-188. [PMID: 33556554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is the causative agent of photobacteriosis in marine fish and is responsible for huge losses to marine aquaculture worldwide. Efforts have been made to develop a vaccine against this disease. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that are ubiquitous in cellular life. Bacteria produce elevated levels of HSPs as a survival strategy when exposed to stressful environments in a host during infection. This group of proteins are also important antigens that can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, four HSPs of Phdp, HSP90, HSP33, HSP70, and DnaJ, were selected for cloning and recombinant expression. Western blotting with rabbit anti-Phdp helped identify rHSP70 and rHSP33 as immunogenic proteins. Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) immunised with rHSP90, rHSP33, rHSP70, and rDnaJ showed 48.28%, 62.07%, 51.72%, and 31.03% relative percent survival, respectively, after being challenged with Phdp strain AOD105021. High expression levels of immune-related genes and high antibody titres were observed in the rHSP33 group, and the sera of this group also exhibited a high level of bactericidal activity against Phdp. Collectively, our results suggest that HSP33 is a potential candidate for vaccine development against Phdp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Pham
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Jurivich DA, Manocha GD, Trivedi R, Lizakowski M, Rakoczy S, Brown-Borg H. Multifactorial Attenuation of the Murine Heat Shock Response With Age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1846-1852. [PMID: 31612204 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent perturbation of the cellular stress response affects proteostasis and other key functions relevant to cellular action and survival. Central to age-related changes in the stress response is loss of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-DNA binding and transactivation properties. This report elucidates how age alters different checkpoints of HSF1 activation related to posttranslational modification and protein interactions. When comparing liver extracts from middle aged (12 M) and old (24 M) mice, significant differences are found in HSF1 phosphorylation and acetylation. HSF1 protein levels and messenger RNA decline with age, but its protein levels are stress-inducible and exempt from age-dependent changes. This surprising adaptive change in the stress response has additional implications for aging and chronic physiological stress that might explain an age-dependent dichotomy of HSF1 protein levels that are low in neurodegeneration and elevated in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Jurivich
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Gunjan D Manocha
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Rachana Trivedi
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Mary Lizakowski
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Sharlene Rakoczy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Holly Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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Lecaplain B, Badran Z, Soueidan A, Prud'homme T, Gaudin A. Periodontitis, erectile dysfunction, reproductive hormones, and semen quality: A systematic review. Andrology 2021; 9:769-780. [PMID: 33319469 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that periodontitis may affect male sexual health (MSH) (erectile function, production of sex hormones, and semen quality). However, a limited number of clinical studies demonstrate the association between MSH and periodontitis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between periodontitis and MSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic review of the published literature in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from the earliest available online indexing year until October 2020 was performed, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Keywords related to periodontitis were combined with words describing MSH. RESULT A total of 19 studies were included and discussed in the systematic review. The number of study participants ranged from 53 to 197,136 individuals, aged between 18 and 95 years (mean age, 41.2 years). Six studies did not report the age of the participants. Out of nine studies, eight found a significant association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and periodontitis. Only three studies evaluated the association between sex hormone levels and periodontitis, and two of these studies showed that patients with periodontitis are expected to exhibit higher levels of testosterone. Finally, out of five studies, two demonstrated a significant association between semen quality and periodontitis. DISCUSSION The findings in this review were limited by the quality and the few available studies. Results from the observational studies might have been affected by recall bias and confounded by cofactors. CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review revealed a significant association between periodontitis and ED, although the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. The potential associations between sex hormone levels, semen quality, and periodontitis are yet to be demonstrated. In order to improve patient management, dentists and physicians need to be aware of the association between male sexual health problems and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Lecaplain
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Zahi Badran
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France.,Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Assem Soueidan
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France.,Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Tony Prud'homme
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France.,Inserm, MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth Research, SPHERE, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Gaudin
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France.,Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
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Durgadevi R, Abirami G, Swasthikka RP, Alexpandi R, Pandian SK, Ravi AV. Proteomic analysis deciphers the multi-targeting antivirulence activity of tannic acid in modulating the expression of MrpA, FlhD, UreR, HpmA and Nrp system in Proteus mirabilis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1175-1186. [PMID: 33007322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the multi-targeting antivirulence activity of tannic acid (TA) was explored against Proteus mirabilis through MS-based proteomic approach. The in vitro biofilm biomass quantification assay and microscopic analysis demonstrated the antibiofilm activity of TA against P. mirabilis in which, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of TA was found to be 200 μg/mL concentration. Moreover, the nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that TA (at MBIC) differentially regulated the proteins involved in fimbrial adhesion, flagellar motility, iron acquisition, Fe-S cluster assembly, heat shock response, virulence enzymes, and toxin secretion. Further, the transcriptomic analysis validated the outcomes of proteomic analysis in which, the expression level of virulence genes responsible for MR/P fimbrial adhesion (mrpA), flagellar transcriptional activation (flhD), biosynthesis of urease (ureR), hemolysin (hpmA), non-ribosomal peptide siderophore system (Nrp), oxidative stress responsible enzymes and fitness factors proteins were down-regulated in TA exposed P. mirabilis. These observations were also in correspondence with the in vitro bioassays. Thus, this study reports the feasibility of TA to act as a promising therapeutic agent against multifactorial P. mirabilis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindran Durgadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurusamy Abirami
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajaiah Alexpandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arumugam Veera Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Jeon J, Lee Y, Yu H, Ha UH. HSP70-Homolog DnaK of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Increases the Production of IL-27 through Expression of EBI3 via TLR4-Dependent NF-κB and TLR4-Independent Akt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239194. [PMID: 33276561 PMCID: PMC7730953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-27, a heterodimeric cytokine composed of the p28 subunit and Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), acts as a potent immunosuppressant and thus limits pathogenic inflammatory responses. IL-27 is upregulated upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in septic mice, increasing susceptibility to the infection and decreasing clearance of the pathogen. However, it remains unclear which P. aeruginosa-derived molecules promote production of IL-27. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which P. aeruginosa DnaK, a heat shock protein 70-like protein, induces EBI3 expression, thereby promoting production of IL-27. Upregulation of EBI3 expression did not lead to an increase in IL-35, which consists of the p35 subunit and EBI3. The IL-27 production in response to DnaK was biologically active, as reflected by stimulation of IL-10 production. DnaK-mediated expression of EBI3 was driven by two distinct signaling pathways, NF-κB and Akt. However, NF-κB is linked to TLR4-associated signaling pathways, whereas Akt is not. Taken together, our results reveal that P. aeruginosa DnaK potently upregulates EBI3 expression, which in turn drives production of the prominent anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-27, as a consequence of TLR4-dependent activation of NF-κB and TLR4-independent activation of the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Un-Hwan Ha
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-44-860-1418; Fax: +82-44-860-1598
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Beyond Melanin: Proteomics Reveals Virulence-Related Proteins in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii Yeast Cells Grown in the Presence of L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040328. [PMID: 33271902 PMCID: PMC7711940 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Paracoccidioides cause a systemic infection in human patients. Yeast cells of Paracoccidioides spp. produce melanin in the presence of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and during infection, which may impact the pathogen’s survival in the host. To better understand the metabolic changes that occur in melanized Paracoccidioides spp. cells, a proteomic approach was performed to compare melanized and non-melanized Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii yeast cells. Melanization was induced using L-dihydroxyphenylalanine as a precursor, and quantitative proteomics were performed using reversed-phase nano-chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. When comparing melanized versus non-melanized cells, 1006 and 582 differentially abundant/detected proteins were identified for P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii, respectively. Functional enrichment and comparative analysis revealed 30 important KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways in melanized P. brasiliensis and 18 in P. lutzii, while differentially abundant proteins from non-melanized cells from these species were involved in 21 and 25 enriched pathways, respectively. Melanized cells presented an abundance of additional virulence-associated proteins, such as phospholipase, proteases, superoxide dis-mutases, heat-shock proteins, adhesins, and proteins related to vesicular transport. The results suggest that L-dihydroxyphenylalanine increases the virulence of Paracoccidioides spp. through complex mechanisms involving not only melanin but other virulence factors as well.
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Park JC, Kim DH, Lee Y, Lee MC, Kim TK, Yim JH, Lee JS. Genome-wide identification and structural analysis of heat shock protein gene families in the marine rotifer Brachionus spp.: Potential application in molecular ecotoxicology. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 36:100749. [PMID: 33065474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are class of conserved and ubiquitous stress proteins present in all living organisms from primitive to higher level. Various studies have demonstrated multiple cellular functions of Hsp in living organisms as an important biomarker in response to abiotic and biotic stressors including temperature, salinity, pH, hypoxia, environmental pollutants, and pathogens. However, full understanding on the mechanism and pathway involved in the induction of Hsp still remains challenging, especially in aquatic invertebrates. In this study, the entire Hsp family and subfamily members in the marine rotifers Brachionus spp., one of the cosmopolitan ecotoxicological model organisms, have been genome-widely identified. In Brachionus spp. Hsp family was comprised of Hsp10, small hsp (sHsp), Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70/105, and Hsp90, with highest number of genes found within Hsp40 DnaJ homolog subfamily C members. Also, the differences in the orientation of the conserved motifs within Hsp family may have induced differences in transcriptional gene modulation in response to thermal stress in Brachionus koreanus. Overall, Hsp family-specific domains were highly conserved in all three Brachionus spp., relative to Homo sapiens and across other animal taxa and these findings will be helpful for future ecotoxicological studies focusing on Hsps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoseop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Tai Kyoung Kim
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Multiepitope Chimeric Vaccine Candidate Based on Conserved Autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap, Confers Protection against Shigella flexneri. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040563. [PMID: 33019492 PMCID: PMC7712744 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis is a diarrheal disease and the World Health Organization prompts the development of a vaccine against Shigella flexneri. The autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap are conserved among Shigella spp. We previously designed an in silico vaccine with immunodominat epitopes from those autotransporters, and the GroEL protein of S. typhi as an adjuvant. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the chimeric multiepitope protein, named rMESF, in mice against lethal infection with S. flexneri. rMESF was administered to mice alone through the intranasal (i.n.) route or accompanied with Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) intradermically (i.d.), subcutaneously (s.c.), and intramuscular (i.m.), as well as with Imject alum (i.m.). All immunized mice increased IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA and fecal IgA titers compared to PBS+CFA and PBS+alum control groups. Furthermore, i.n. immunization of mice with rMESF alone presented the highest titers of serum and fecal IgA. Cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17) and lymphocyte proliferation increased in all experimental groups, with the highest lymphoproliferative response in i.n. mice immunized with rMESF alone, which presented 100% protection against S. flexneri. In summary, this vaccine vests protective immunity and highlights the importance of mucosal immunity activation for the elimination of S. flexneri.
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Role of Infections in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Mycobacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101459. [PMID: 32977590 PMCID: PMC7598258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by chronic erosive polyarthritis. A complex interaction between a favorable genetic background, and the presence of a specific immune response against a broad-spectrum of environmental factors seems to play a role in determining susceptibility to RA. Among different pathogens, mycobacteria (including Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, MAP), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), have extensively been proposed to promote specific cellular and humoral response in susceptible individuals, by activating pathways linked to RA development. In this review, we discuss the available experimental and clinical evidence on the interplay between mycobacterial and EBV infections, and the development of the immune dysregulation in RA.
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Rebello KM, Borges JN, Teixeira A, Perales J, Santos CP. Proteomic analysis of Ascocotyle longa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 239:111311. [PMID: 32745491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ascocotyle longa is parasitic trematode with wide distribution throughout America, Europe, Africa, and Middle East. Despite the fact that this fish-borne pathogen has been considered an agent of human heterophyiasis in Brazil, the molecules involved in the host-parasite interaction remain unknown. The present study reports the proteome profile of A. longa metacercariae collected from the fish Mugil liza from Brazil. This infective stage for humans, mammals and birds was analyzed using nLC-MS/MS approach. We identified a large repertoire of proteins, which are mainly involved in energy metabolism and cell structure. Peptidases and immunogenic proteins were also identified, which might play roles in host-parasite interface. Our data provided unprecedented insights into the biology of A. longa and represent a first step to understand the natural host-parasite interaction. Moreover, as the first proteome characterized in this trematode, it will provide an important resource for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Rebello
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Juliana N Borges
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Teixeira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia P Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Chiquet C, Chumpitazi B, Vilgrain I, Lesoin A, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Vasseneix C, Savy O, Campolmi N, Gain P, Flori P, Aptel F, Pelloux H, Bouillet L. Prospective study of serum and aqueous humour anti-Hsp70.1 IgG antibody levels in ocular toxoplasmosis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12771. [PMID: 32602946 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluate whether the serum and aqueous humour (AH) level of IgG anti-Hsp70.1 antibodies improved the biological diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective cross-sectional and multicentre study, serum and AH were collected at the time of active uveitis. Anti-Hsp70.1-antibody levels were determined by ELISA. Patients with confirmed (Group A1, n = 21) or suspected ocular toxoplasmosis (group A2, n = 30) were enrolled, as well as a control group of patients with cataract (group B, n = 42). Serum IgG anti-Hsp70.1 antibody levels were not significantly different within the group of uveitis patients (A1, n = 21 vs A2, n = 30, P = .8) and were significantly associated with the affected retinal zone (P = .006) and with the size of the retinal lesion (P = .03). Serum anti-Hsp70.1 antibody level was positive in 10 out of the 18 patients of group A2. Significant anti-Hsp-70.1 antibody level in AH was reported in only three patients (3 eyes) with confirmed ocular toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSION While the level of IgG anti-Hsp-70.1 antibody in AH did not improve the laboratory diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis, its level in serum was of major significance for retinal damage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chiquet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernabé Chumpitazi
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratory of Biology of Cancer and Infection, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Lesoin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Helene Fricker-Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Olivier Savy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chambery Hospital, Chambery, France
| | - Nelly Campolmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Pierre Flori
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Florent Aptel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratory of Biology of Cancer and Infection, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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León Y, Zapata L, Salas-Burgos A, Oñate A. In silico design of a vaccine candidate based on autotransporters and HSP against the causal agent of shigellosis, Shigella flexneri. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Damasiewicz-Bodzek A, Szumska M, Tyrpień-Golder K. Antibodies to Heat Shock Proteins 90α and 90β in Psoriasis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:9. [PMID: 32239296 PMCID: PMC7113222 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
One of many hypotheses of psoriasis pathogenesis supposes an overexpression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in different skin layers and systemic immunologic response to them. Hsp90 is one of the most abundant chaperone in eukaryotic cells. The number of studies concerning the role of Hsp90 and anti-Hsp90 antibodies in etiopathogenesis of various diseases is also constantly expanding. Still, there are not many reports concerning potential involvement of this Hsp family or anti-Hsp90 immunization in pathomechanism of psoriasis. The aim of the study was the estimation of anti-Hsp90α and anti-Hsp90β IgG antibodies in the sera of the psoriatic patients at different phases of disease activity in comparison to the sera of healthy individuals. The study material consisted of sera from psoriasis patients (n = 80) in active phase and in the remission phase and healthy individuals (n = 80). Concentrations of anti-Hsp90α and anti-Hsp90β IgG antibodies were determined using ELISA technique. In the patients with psoriasis (both in the active phase of the disease and in the remission phase) concentrations of anti-Hsp90α antibodies were significantly higher than in healthy individuals and they correlated positively with psoriasis area severity index values. The mean concentrations of anti-Hsp90β antibodies in the psoriatic patients and healthy controls were comparable. The obtained results indicate an existence of increased immunological response to Hsp90α in psoriasis. It may suggest the role of the extracellular form of this chaperone and/or anti-Hsp90α antibodies in etiopathogenesis of this dermatosis. The inhibition of Hsp90α may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treat psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Gitsels A, Van Lent S, Sanders N, Vanrompay D. Chlamydia: what is on the outside does matter. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:100-119. [PMID: 32093536 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1730300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises major highlights on the structural biology of the chlamydial envelope. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria, characterised by a unique biphasic developmental cycle. Depending on the stage of their lifecycle, they appear in the form of elementary or reticulate bodies. Since these particles have distinctive functions, it is not surprising that their envelope differs in lipid as well as in protein content. Vice versa, by identifying surface proteins, specific characteristics of the particles such as rigidity or immunogenicity may be deduced. Detailed information on the bacterial membranes will increase our understanding on the host-pathogen interactions chlamydiae employ to survive and grow and might lead to new strategies to battle chlamydial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlieke Gitsels
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Van Lent
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niek Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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