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Chanket W, Pipatthana M, Sangphukieo A, Harnvoravongchai P, Chankhamhaengdecha S, Janvilisri T, Phanchana M. The complete catalog of antimicrobial resistance secondary active transporters in Clostridioides difficile: evolution and drug resistance perspective. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2358-2374. [PMID: 38873647 PMCID: PMC11170357 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary active transporters shuttle substrates across eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes, utilizing different electrochemical gradients. They are recognized as one of the antimicrobial efflux pumps among pathogens. While primary active transporters within the genome of C. difficile 630 have been completely cataloged, the systematical study of secondary active transporters remains incomplete. Here, we not only identify secondary active transporters but also disclose their evolution and role in drug resistance in C. difficile 630. Our analysis reveals that C. difficile 630 carries 147 secondary active transporters belonging to 27 (super)families. Notably, 50 (34%) of them potentially contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR-secondary active transporters are structurally classified into five (super)families: the p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter (AbgT), drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily, major facilitator (MFS) superfamily, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family, and resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family. Surprisingly, complete RND genes found in C. difficile 630 are likely an evolutionary leftover from the common ancestor with the diderm. Through protein structure comparisons, we have potentially identified six novel AMR-secondary active transporters from DMT, MATE, and MFS (super)families. Pangenome analysis revealed that half of the AMR-secondary transporters are accessory genes, which indicates an important role in adaptive AMR function rather than innate physiological homeostasis. Gene expression profile firmly supports their ability to respond to a wide spectrum of antibiotics. Our findings highlight the evolution of AMR-secondary active transporters and their integral role in antibiotic responses. This marks AMR-secondary active transporters as interesting therapeutic targets to synergize with other antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannarat Chanket
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Methinee Pipatthana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sangphukieo
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew Phanchana
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Shen S, Tang C, Yang W, Ding L, Han R, Shi Q, Guo Y, Yin D, Hu F. In vitro mimicry of in vivo KPC mutations by ceftazidime-avibactam: phenotypes, mechanisms, genetic structure and kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2356146. [PMID: 38743401 PMCID: PMC11151810 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2356146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is employed for the treatment of infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP). Resistance to CZA is frequently linked to point mutations in the blaKPC. We conducted in vitro simulations of in vivo blaKPC mutations using CZA. Four pre-therapy KPC-KP isolates (K1, K2, K3, and K4) were evaluated, all initially exhibited susceptibility to CZA and produced KPC-2. The crucial distinction was that following CZA treatment, the blaKPC-2 mutated in K1, K2, and K3, rendering them resistant to CZA, while K4 achieved microbiological clearance, and blaKPC-2 remained unaltered. The induction assay identified various blaKPC-2 variants, including blaKPC-25, blaKPC-127, blaKPC-100, blaKPC-128, blaKPC-137, blaKPC-138, blaKPC-144 and blaKPC-180. Our findings suggest that the resistance of KPC-KP to CZA primarily results from the emergence of KPC variants, complemented by increased blaKPC expression. A close correlation exists between avibactam concentration and the rate of increased CZA minimum Inhibitory concentration, as well as blaKPC mutation. Inadequate avibactam concentration is more likely to induce resistance in strains against CZA, there is also a higher likelihood of mutation in the blaKPC-2 and the optimal avibactam ratio remains to be determined. Simultaneously, we selected a blaKPC-33-producing K. pneumoniae strain (mutated from blaKPC-2) and induced it with imipenem and meropenem, respectively. The blaKPC-2 was detected during the process, indicating that the mutation is reversible. Clinical use of carbapenems to treat KPC variant strains increases the risk of infection, as the gene can mutate back to blaKPC-2, rendering the strain even more cross-resistant to carbapenems and CZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Shen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengkang Tang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ding
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renru Han
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Shi
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fupin Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Klenotic PA, Yu EW. Structural analysis of resistance-nodulation cell division transporters. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0019823. [PMID: 38551344 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00198-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYInfectious bacteria have both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms to combat harmful biocides that enter the cell. Through adaptive pressures, many of these pathogens have become resistant to many, if not all, of the current antibiotics used today to treat these often deadly infections. One prominent mechanism is the upregulation of efflux systems, especially the resistance-nodulation-cell division class of exporters. These tripartite systems consist of an inner membrane transporter coupled with a periplasmic adaptor protein and an outer membrane channel to efficiently transport a diverse array of substrates from inside the cell to the extracellular space. Detailed mechanistic insight into how these inner membrane transporters recognize and shuttle their substrates can ultimately inform both new antibiotic and efflux pump inhibitor design. This review examines the structural basis of substrate recognition of these pumps and the molecular mechanisms underlying multidrug extrusion, which in turn mediate antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Klenotic
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward W Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Zhou W, Ding W, Wu X, Sun J, Bai W. Microbial synthesis of anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins: current bottlenecks and potential solutions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38935054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are secondary metabolites found in plants. Due to their impressive biological activities, ACNs have gained significant popularity and extensive application within the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. A derivative of ACNs: pyranoanthocyanins (PACNs) possesses more stable properties and interesting biological activities. However, conventional methods for the production of ACNs, including chemical synthesis and plant extraction, involve organic solvents. Microbial synthesis of ACNs from renewable biomass, such as amino acids or flavonoids, is considered a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for large-scale production of ACNs. Recently, the construction of microbial cell factories (MCFs) for the efficient biosynthesis of ACNs and PACNs has attracted much attention. In this review, we summarize the cases of microbial synthesis of ACNs, and analyze the bottlenecks in reconstructing the metabolic pathways for synthesizing PACNs in microorganisms. Consequently, there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms behind the development of MCFs for PACNs synthesis. Such research also holds significant promise for advancing the production of food pigments. Meanwhile, we propose potential solutions to the bottleneck problem based on metabolic engineering and enzyme engineering. Finally, the development prospects of natural food and biotechnology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiu Ding
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyuan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
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Vignolini T, Capitanio M, Caldini C, Gardini L, Pavone FS. Highly inclined light sheet allows volumetric super-resolution imaging of efflux pumps distribution in bacterial biofilms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12902. [PMID: 38839922 PMCID: PMC11153600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are highly complex communities in which isogenic bacteria display different gene expression patterns and organize in a three-dimensional mesh gaining enhanced resistance to biocides. The molecular mechanisms behind such increased resistance remain mostly unknown, also because of the technical difficulties in biofilm investigation at the sub-cellular and molecular level. In this work we focus on the AcrAB-TolC protein complex, a multidrug efflux pump found in Enterobacteriaceae, whose overexpression is associated with most multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes occurring in Gram-negative bacteria. We propose an optical method to quantify the expression level of the AcrAB-TolC pump within the biofilm volume at the sub-cellular level, with single-molecule sensitivity. Through a combination of super-resolution PALM with single objective light sheet and precision genome editing, we can directly quantify the spatial distribution of endogenous AcrAB-TolC pumps expressed in both planktonic bacteria and, importantly, within the bacterial biofilm volume. We observe a gradient of pump density within the biofilm volume and over the course of biofilm maturation. Notably, we propose an optical method that could be broadly employed to achieve volumetric super-resolution imaging of thick samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vignolini
- European Laboratory for Non- Linear Spectroscopy, LENS, Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Parasite RNA Biology Group, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - M Capitanio
- European Laboratory for Non- Linear Spectroscopy, LENS, Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Caldini
- European Laboratory for Non- Linear Spectroscopy, LENS, Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Gardini
- European Laboratory for Non- Linear Spectroscopy, LENS, Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - F S Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non- Linear Spectroscopy, LENS, Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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6
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Suzuki S, Morita Y, Ishige S, Kai K, Kawasaki K, Matsushita K, Ogura K, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Shimizu T. Effects of quorum sensing-interfering agents, including macrolides and furanone C-30, and an efflux pump inhibitor on nitrosative stress sensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170. [PMID: 38900549 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Long-term administration of certain macrolides is efficacious in patients with persistent pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, despite how limited the clinically achievable concentrations are, being far below their MICs. An increase in the sub-MIC of macrolide exposure-dependent sensitivity to nitrosative stress is a typical characteristic of P. aeruginosa. However, a few P. aeruginosa clinical isolates do not respond to sub-MIC of macrolide treatment. Therefore, we examined the effects of sub-MIC of erythromycin (EM) on the sensitivity to nitrosative stress together with an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) phenylalanine arginyl β-naphthylamide (PAβN). The sensitivity to nitrosative stress increased, suggesting that the efflux pump was involved in inhibiting the sub-MIC of macrolide effect. Analysis using efflux pump-mutant P. aeruginosa revealed that MexAB-OprM, MexXY-OprM, and MexCD-OprJ are factors in reducing the sub-MIC of macrolide effect. Since macrolides interfere with quorum sensing (QS), we demonstrated that the QS-interfering agent furanone C-30 (C-30) producing greater sensitivity to nitric oxide (NO) stress than EM. The effect of C-30 was decreased by overproduction of MexAB-OprM. To investigate whether the increase in the QS-interfering agent exposure-dependent sensitivity to nitrosative stress is characteristic of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, we examined the viability of P. aeruginosa treated with NO. Although treatment with EM could reduce cell viability, a high variability in EM effects was observed. Conversely, C-30 was highly effective at reducing cell viability. Treatment with both C-30 and PAβN was sufficiently effective against the remaining isolates. Therefore, the combination of a QS-interfering agent and an EPI could be effective in treating P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yuji Morita
- Department of Infection Control Science, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shota Ishige
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawasaki
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 6110011, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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7
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Singh G, Rana A, Smriti. Decoding antimicrobial resistance: unraveling molecular mechanisms and targeted strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:280. [PMID: 38805035 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating innovative approaches for combatting it. This review explores various mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance observed in various strains of bacteria. We examine various strategies, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), novel antimicrobial materials, drug delivery systems, vaccines, antibody therapies, and non-traditional antibiotic treatments. Through a comprehensive literature review, the efficacy and challenges of these strategies are evaluated. Findings reveal the potential of AMPs in combating resistance due to their unique mechanisms and lower propensity for resistance development. Additionally, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, show promise in enhancing antibiotic efficacy and overcoming resistance mechanisms. Vaccines and antibody therapies offer preventive measures, although challenges exist in their development. Non-traditional antibiotic treatments, including CRISPR-Cas systems, present alternative approaches to combat resistance. Overall, this review underscores the importance of multifaceted strategies and coordinated global efforts to address antimicrobial resistance effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Anita Rana
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Smriti
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
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8
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Moubayed NMS, Alsabbagh R, Smiline GAS, Gunasekaran S, Alshihri S, Sabour A. Evaluation of phyto-gallic acid as a potential inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus efflux pump mediated tetracycline resistance: an in-vitro and in-silico study. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38733626 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2349810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants contain many bioactive compounds with potent antibacterial and efflux pump inhibitory activity (EPI). In this study, gallic acid extracted from pomegranate molasses by analytical HPLC holds promise as an EPI drug for Staphylococcus aureus mediated tetracycline resistance, it lowered the bacterial resistance and reversed the mechanism via tet family efflux pump, using molecular technique and in-silico molecular docking analysis. Extracted gallic acid combined with tetracycline demonstrated a significant decrease in the minimal inhibitory concentration MIC compared to its single activity. Similarly, little growth and lower fluorescence of S. aureus were observed on ethidium bromide (2.5 mg/mL) agar plates, indicating a reversible efflux pump mechanism and a potent EPI activity. Molecular docking demonstrated a promising affinity binding energy between gallic acid and tet efflux genes, opening a new baseline in bacterial infection treatment. PCR for tetK and Qac A/B genes failed to show any relation between tet genes and gallic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M S Moubayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba Alsabbagh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Girija A S Smiline
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shoba Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sameeha Alshihri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Sabour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Lee T, Lee S, Kim MK, Ahn JH, Park JS, Seo HW, Park KH, Chong Y. 3- O-Substituted Quercetin: an Antibiotic-Potentiating Agent against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Enterobacteriaceae through Simultaneous Inhibition of Efflux Pump and Broad-Spectrum Carbapenemases. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1624-1643. [PMID: 38652574 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of safe and efficient inhibitors against efflux pumps as well as metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) is one of the main challenges in the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) reversal agents which can be utilized in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we have identified that introduction of an ethylene-linked sterically demanding group at the 3-OH position of the previously reported MDR reversal agent di-F-Q endows the resulting compounds with hereto unknown multitarget inhibitory activity against both efflux pumps and broad-spectrum β-lactamases including difficult-to-inhibit MBLs. A molecular docking study of the multitarget inhibitors against efflux pump, as well as various classes of β-lactamases, revealed that the 3-O-alkyl substituents occupy the novel binding sites in efflux pumps as well as carbapenemases. Not surprisingly, the multitarget inhibitors rescued the antibiotic activity of a carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem (MEM), in NDM-1 (New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1)-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and they reduced MICs of MEM more than four-fold (synergistic effect) in 8-9 out of 14 clinical strains. The antibiotic-potentiating activity of the multitarget inhibitors was also demonstrated in CRE-infected mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest that combining inhibitory activity against two critical targets in MDR Gram-negative bacteria, efflux pumps, and β-lactamases, in one molecule is possible, and the multitarget inhibitors may provide new avenues for the discovery of safe and efficient MDR reversal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegum Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seongyeon Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Ahn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hwi Won Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Park
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Youhoon Chong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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10
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Saini M, Gaurav A, Hussain A, Pathania R. Small Molecule IITR08367 Potentiates Antibacterial Efficacy of Fosfomycin against Acinetobacter baumannii by Efflux Pump Inhibition. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1711-1724. [PMID: 38562022 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum single-dose therapy approved for treating lower urinary tract infections. Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the five major UTI-causing pathogens, is intrinsically resistant to fosfomycin. Reduced uptake and active efflux are major reasons for this intrinsic resistance. AbaF, a major facilitator superfamily class of transporter in A. baumannii, is responsible for fosfomycin efflux and biofilm formation. This study describes the identification and validation of a novel small-molecule efflux pump inhibitor that potentiates fosfomycin efficacy against A. baumannii. An AbaF inhibitor screening was performed against Escherichia coli KAM32/pUC18_abaF, using the noninhibitory concentration of 24 putative efflux pump inhibitors. The inhibitory activity of IITR08367 [bis(4-methylbenzyl) disufide] against fosfomycin/H+ antiport was validated using ethidium bromide efflux, quinacrine-based proton-sensitive fluorescence, and membrane depolarization assays. IITR08367 inhibits fosfomycin/H+ antiport activity by perturbing the transmembrane proton gradient. IITR08367 is a nontoxic molecule that potentiates fosfomycin activity against clinical strains of A. baumannii and prevents biofilm formation by inhibiting efflux pump (AbaF). The IITR08367-fosfomycin combination reduced bacterial burden by > 3 log10 in kidney and bladder tissue in the murine UTI model. Overall, fosfomycin, in combination with IITR08367, holds the potential to treat urinary tract infections caused by A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667, India
| | - Amit Gaurav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667, India
| | - Arsalan Hussain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667, India
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667, India
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11
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Martin ALAR, Pereira RLS, Rocha JE, Farias PAM, Freitas TS, Caldas FRDL, Figueredo FG, Sampaio NFL, Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, Tintino SR, da Hora GCA, Lima MCP, de Menezes IRA, Carvalho DT, Coutinho HDM, Fonteles MMF. Unlocking bacterial defense: Exploring the potent inhibition of NorA efflux pump by coumarin derivatives in Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106608. [PMID: 38503396 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of bacterial resistance has been increasing, compromising the treatment of various infections. The high virulence of Staphylococcus aureus allows for the maintenance of the infectious process, causing many deaths and hospitalizations. The MepA and NorA efflux pumps are transporter proteins responsible for expelling antimicrobial agents such as fluoroquinolones from the bacterial cell. Coumarins are phenolic compounds that have been studied for their diverse biological actions, including against bacteria. A pharmacokinetic in silico characterization of compounds C10, C11, C13, and C14 was carried out according to the principles of Lipinski's Rule of Five, in addition to searching for similarity in ChemBL and subsequent search for publications in CAS SciFinder. All compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and modulatory activity against standard and multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. The effect of coumarins C9, C10, C11, C13, and C14 as efflux pump inhibitors in Staphylococcus aureus strains was evaluated using the microdilution method (MepA or NorA) and fluorimetry (NorA). The behavior of coumarins regarding the efflux pump was determined from their interaction properties with the membrane and coumarin-protein using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Only the isolated coumarin compound C13 showed antibacterial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. However, the other tested coumarins showed modulatory capacity for fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibacterials. Compounds C10, C13, and C14 were effective in reducing the MIC of both antibiotics for both multidrug-resistant strains, while C11 potentiated the effect of norfloxacin and gentamicin for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and only norfloxacin for Gram-negative. Only coumarin C14 produced synergistic effects when associated with ciprofloxacin in MepA-carrying strains. All tested coumarins have the ability to inhibit the NorA efflux pump present in Staphylococcus aureus, both in reducing the MIC and inducing increased ethidium bromide fluorescence emission in fluorimetry. The findings of this study offer an atomistic perspective on the potential of coumarins as active inhibitors of the NorA pump, highlighting their specific mode of action mainly targeting protein inhibition. In molecular docking, it was observed that coumarins are capable of interacting with various amino acid residues of the NorA pump. The simulation showed that coumarin C10 can cross the bilayer; however, the other coumarins interacted with the membrane but were unable to cross it. Coumarins demonstrated their potentiating role in the effect of norfloxacin through a dual mechanism: efflux pump inhibition through direct interaction with the protein (C9, C10, C11, and C13) and increased interaction with the membrane (C10 and C13). In the context of pharmacokinetic prediction studies, the studied structures have a suitable chemical profile for possible oral use. We suggest that coumarin derivatives may be an interesting alternative in the future for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections, with the possibility of a synergistic effect with other antibacterials, although further studies are needed to characterize their therapeutic effects and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luíza A R Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, 60430-160, Fortaleza, Brazil; Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA. 63105-000, Crato, Brazil; School of Medicine, Medical Education Institute - IDOMED, 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína Esmeraldo Rocha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA. 63105-000, Crato, Brazil
| | - Pablo A M Farias
- School of Medicine, Medical Education Institute - IDOMED, 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil; CECAPE College, 63024-015, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Freitas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA. 63105-000, Crato, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando G Figueredo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA. 63105-000, Crato, Brazil; School of Medicine, Medical Education Institute - IDOMED, 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Nadghia Figueiredo Leite Sampaio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA. 63105-000, Crato, Brazil; School of Medicine, Medical Education Institute - IDOMED, 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA. 63105-000, Crato, Brazil
| | | | | | - Irwin Rose A de Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA. 63105-000, Crato, Brazil
| | - Diogo T Carvalho
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL, 37130-001, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA. 63105-000, Crato, Brazil.
| | - Marta M F Fonteles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, 60430-160, Fortaleza, Brazil
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12
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Santana JEG, Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, Alencar GG, Siqueira GM, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Viana Rodrigues JP, Pinheiro Gonçalves VB, Nicolete R, Tintino SR, Coutinho HDM, Silva TGD. Liposomal nanoformulations with trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide: do they have an inhibitory action on the efflux pumps NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA? Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110945. [PMID: 38460934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and inhibitory action of NorA, Tet(K), MsrA and MepA efflux pumps in S. aureus strains using the sesquiterpenes named trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, both isolated and encapsulated in liposomes. The antibacterial and inhibitory action of these efflux pumps was evaluated through the serial microdilution test in 96-well microplates. Each sesquiterpene and liposome/sesquiterpene was combined with antibiotics and ethidium bromide (EtBr). The antibiotics named norfloxacin, tetracycline and erythromycin were used. The 1199 B, IS-58, RN4220 and K2068 S. aureus strains carrying NorA, Tet(K), MsrA and MepA, respectively, were tested. In the fluorescence measurement test, K2068 S. aureus was incubated with the sesquiterpenes and EtBr, and the fluorescence emission by EtBr was measured. The tested substances did not show direct antibacterial activity, with MIC >1024 μg/mL. Nonetheless, the isolated trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide reduced the MIC of antibiotics and EtBr, indicating inhibition of NorA, Tet(K) and MsrA. In the fluorescence test, these same sesquiterpenes increased fluorescence emission, indicating inhibition of MepA. Therefore, the sesquiterpenes named trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide did not show direct antibacterial action; however, in their isolated form, they showed possible inhibitory action on NorA, Tet(K), MsrA and MepA efflux pumps. They may also act in antibiotic potentiation. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms involved in antibiotic potentiation and efflux pump inhibitory action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional Do Cariri (URCA), Crato, 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Miguel Siqueira
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional Do Cariri (URCA), Crato, 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Nicolete
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusebio, 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional Do Cariri (URCA), Crato, 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
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13
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Daw Elbait G, Daou M, Abuoudah M, Elmekawy A, Hasan SW, Everett DB, Alsafar H, Henschel A, Yousef AF. Comparison of qPCR and metagenomic sequencing methods for quantifying antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298325. [PMID: 38578803 PMCID: PMC10997137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Surveillance methods of circulating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are of utmost importance in order to tackle what has been described as one of the greatest threats to humanity in the 21st century. In order to be effective, these methods have to be accurate, quickly deployable, and scalable. In this study, we compare metagenomic shotgun sequencing (TruSeq DNA sequencing) of wastewater samples with a state-of-the-art PCR-based method (Resistomap HT-qPCR) on four wastewater samples that were taken from hospital, industrial, urban and rural areas. ARGs that confer resistance to 11 antibiotic classes have been identified in these wastewater samples using both methods, with the most abundant observed classes of ARGs conferring resistance to aminoglycoside, multidrug-resistance (MDR), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB), tetracycline and beta-lactams. In comparing the methods, we observed a strong correlation of relative abundance of ARGs obtained by the two tested methods for the majority of antibiotic classes. Finally, we investigated the source of discrepancies in the results obtained by the two methods. This analysis revealed that false negatives were more likely to occur in qPCR due to mutated primer target sites, whereas ARGs with incomplete or low coverage were not detected by the sequencing method due to the parameters set in the bioinformatics pipeline. Indeed, despite the good correlation between the methods, each has its advantages and disadvantages which are also discussed here. By using both methods together, a more robust ARG surveillance program can be established. Overall, the work described here can aid wastewater treatment plants that plan on implementing an ARG surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan Daw Elbait
- Department of Biological Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariane Daou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Miral Abuoudah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Elmekawy
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W. Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dean B. Everett
- Department of Pathology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Infection Research Unit, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Bio-research Center, Ministry of Interior, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andreas Henschel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed F. Yousef
- Department of Biological Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Koti K, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Nadon C, McAllister T, Yang X, Narváez-Bravo C. Evaluating disinfectant efficacy on mixed biofilms comprising Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, and spoilage microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360645. [PMID: 38633705 PMCID: PMC11021663 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of temperature and the presence of other microorganisms on the susceptibility of STEC to biocides. Mature biofilms were formed at both 10°C and 25°C. An inoculum of planktonic bacteria comprising 106 CFU/mL of spoilage bacteria and 103 CFU/mL of a single E. coli strain (O157, O111, O103, and O12) was used to form mixed biofilms. The following bacterial combinations were tested: T1: Carnobacterium piscicola + Lactobacillus bulgaricus + STEC, T2: Comamonas koreensis + Raoultella terrigena + STEC, and T3: Pseudomonas aeruginosa + C. koreensis + STEC. Tested biocides included quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats), sodium hypochlorite (Shypo), sodium hydroxide (SHyd), hydrogen peroxide (HyP), and BioDestroy®-organic peroxyacetic acid (PAA). Biocides were applied to 6-day-old biofilms. Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) and Biofilm Eradication Concentrations (BEC) were determined. Planktonic cells and single-species biofilms exhibited greater susceptibility to sanitizers (p < 0.0001). Lactobacillus and Carnobacterium were more susceptible than the rest of the tested bacteria (p < 0.0001). Single species biofilms formed by E. coli O111, O121, O157, and O45 showed resistance (100%) to Shypo sanitizer (200 ppm) at 25°C. From the most effective to the least effective, sanitizer performance on single-species biofilms was PAA > Quats > HyP > SHyd > Shypo. In multi-species biofilms, spoilage bacteria within T1, T2, and T3 biofilms showed elevated resistance to SHyd (30%), followed by quats (23.25%), HyP (15.41%), SHypo (9.70%), and BioDestroy® (3.42%; p < 0.0001). Within T1, T2, and T3, the combined STEC strains exhibited superior survival to Quats (23.91%), followed by HyP (19.57%), SHypo (18.12%), SHyd (16.67%), and BioDestroy® (4.35%; p < 0.0001). O157:H7-R508 strains were less tolerant to Quats and Shypo when combined with T2 and T3 (p < 0.0001). O157:H7 and O103:H2 strains in mixed biofilms T1, T2, and T3 exhibited higher biocide resistance than the weak biofilm former, O145:H2 (p < 0.0001). The study shows that STEC within multi-species biofilms' are more tolerant to disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Koti
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Celine Nadon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xianqin Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Claudia Narváez-Bravo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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15
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Yadav V, Zohib M, Singh S, Pal RK, Tripathi S, Jain A, Biswal BK, Dasgupta A, Arora A. Structural and biophysical characterization of PadR family protein Rv1176c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130455. [PMID: 38417748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Rv1176c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv belongs to the PadR-s1 subfamily of the PadR family of protein. Rv1176c forms a stable dimer in solution. Its stability is characterized by a thermal melting transition temperature (Tm) of 39.4 °C. The crystal structure of Rv1176c was determined at a resolution of 2.94 Å, with two monomers in the asymmetric unit. Each monomer has a characteristic N-terminal winged-helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain. Rv1176c C-terminal is a coiled-coil dimerization domain formed of α-helices α5 to α7. In the Rv1176c dimer, there is domain-swapping of the C-terminal domain in comparison to other PadR homologs. In the dimer, there is a long inter-subunit tunnel in which different ligands can bind. Rv1176c was found to bind to the promoter region of its own gene with high specificity. M. smegmatis MC2 155 genome lacks homolog of Rv1176c. Therefore, it was used as a surrogate to characterize the functional role of Rv1176c. Expression of Rv1176c in M. smegmatis MC2 155 cells imparted enhanced tolerance towards oxidative stress. Rv1176c expressing M. smegmatis MC2 155 cells exhibited enhanced intracellular survival in J774A.1 murine macrophage cells. Overall, our studies demonstrate Rv1176c to be a PadR-s1 subfamily transcription factor that can moderate the effect of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Yadav
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muhammad Zohib
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shriya Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ravi Kant Pal
- X-ray Crystallography Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sarita Tripathi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anupam Jain
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bichitra Kumar Biswal
- X-ray Crystallography Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashish Arora
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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16
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Radha S, Ahamed AS, Gutmann JL, Bhavani S, Rajaraman G, Chittrarasu M. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy, Molecular Docking of Ethanolic Extract of Blackseed, Seaweed and Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament with Enterococcus Faecalis Antigens. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1731-S1735. [PMID: 38882822 PMCID: PMC11174239 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1152_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract blackseed, seaweed, and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. To study the binding interaction between the active components of blackseed and seaweed against the enterococcal surface protein of (E. faecalis) by molecular docking. Materials and Methods The ethanolic extracts of blackseed and seaweed were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. They were divided into three groups, namely, |Group I: Calcium hydroxide, Group II: Blackseed, and Group III: Seaweed. The antibacterial activity of the three groups was detected employing various concentrations ranging from 250, 125, and 62.5 μg/ml and based on the zone of inhibition. The inhibitory potential of medicaments to inhibit E. faecalis growth at various stages and kinetics plate were assessed following biofilm architecture evaluation by crystal violet biofilm assay. With the Swissdock suite, the molecular docking procedure was carried out. PyMOL version 4.1.5 was the program used for visualization. Since enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is primarily involved in the formation of biofilms, it was chosen as the target protein of E. faecalis. Based on their chromatographic investigations, Group II Thymoquinone (TQ) and Group III Ledenoxide were chosen as ligands. Results The percentage of inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm was analyzed as statistically significant observed within groups. On post-hoc analysis, significant differences were present between the groups (P < 0.05). Molecular docking reveals binding energies of thymoquinone (Group II) and ledenoxide (Group III) against the enterococcal surface protein of E. faecalis were -6.90 Kcal/mol and -6.44 Kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion Compared to seaweed, black seed extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity against the E. faecalis biofilm in microbial inhibition and molecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalor Dt, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Shafie Ahamed
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalor Dt, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - James L Gutmann
- Texas A & M University, College of Dentistry, Dallas Texas, USA
| | - S Bhavani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalor Dt, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Rajaraman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Cuddalor Dt, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Chittrarasu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vivekanantha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Ren J, Wang M, Zhou W, Liu Z. Efflux pumps as potential targets for biofilm inhibition. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1315238. [PMID: 38596384 PMCID: PMC11002903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1315238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms account for a great deal of infectious diseases and contribute significantly to antimicrobial resistance. Efflux pumps confer antimicrobial resistance to microorganisms and involve multiple processes of biofilm formation. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) are attracting considerable attention as a biofilm inhibition strategy. The regulatory functions of efflux pumps in biofilm formation such as mediating adherence, quorum sensing (QS) systems, and the expression of biofilm-associated genes have been increasingly identified. The versatile properties confer efflux pumps both positive and negative effects on biofilm formation. Furthermore, the expression and function of efflux pumps in biofilm formation are species-specific. Therefore, this review aims to detail the double-edged sword role of efflux pumps in biofilm formation to provide potential inhibition targets and give an overview of the effects of EPIs on biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department of Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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18
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Saleh NM, Ezzat H, El-Sayyad GS, Zedan H. Regulation of overexpressed efflux pump encoding genes by cinnamon oil and trimethoprim to abolish carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38331716 PMCID: PMC10851603 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance mechanisms are a shelter for Acinetobacter baumannii to adapt to our environment which causes difficulty for the infections to be treated and WHO declares this organism on the top of pathogens priority for new drug development. The most common mechanism that develops drug resistance is the overexpression of the efflux pump, especially Resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family, to almost most antibiotics. The study is designed to detect RND efflux pump genes in A. baumannii, and its correlation to multidrug resistance, in particular, the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and using different inhibitors that restore the antibiotic susceptibility of imipenem. Clinical A. baumannii isolates were recovered from different Egyptian hospitals in Intensive care unit (ICU). The expression of genes in two strains was analyzed using RT-PCR before and after inhibitor treatment. About 100 clinical A. baumannii isolates were recovered and identified and recorded as MDR strains with 75% strains resistant to imipenem. adeB, adeC, adeK, and adeJ were detected in thirty- seven the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains. Cinnamomum verum oil, Trimethoprim, and Omeprazole was promising inhibitor against 90% of the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains with a 2-6-fold decrease in imipenem MIC. Downregulation of four genes was associated with the addition of those inhibitors to imipenem for two the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) (ACN15 and ACN99) strains, and the effect was confirmed in 24 h killing kinetics. Our investigation points to the carbapenems resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strain's prevalence in Egyptian hospitals with the idea to revive the imipenem activity using natural and chemical drugs as inhibitors that possessed high synergistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen M Saleh
- Department of Microbiology, Egyptian Drug Authority (former National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hadeer Ezzat
- Department of Microbiology, Egyptian Drug Authority (former National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 6th October City, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hamdallah Zedan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Hooks GM, Ayala JC, Holley CL, Dhulipala V, Beggs GA, Perfect JR, Schumacher MA, Shafer WM, Brennan RG. Hormonal steroids induce multidrug resistance and stress response genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by binding to MtrR. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1153. [PMID: 38326294 PMCID: PMC10850145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulator MtrR inhibits the expression of the multidrug efflux pump operon mtrCDE in the pathogenic bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Here, we show that MtrR binds the hormonal steroids progesterone, β-estradiol, and testosterone, which are present at urogenital infection sites, as well as ethinyl estrogen, a component of some hormonal contraceptives. Steroid binding leads to the decreased affinity of MtrR for cognate DNA, increased mtrCDE expression, and enhanced antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, we solve crystal structures of MtrR bound to each steroid, thus revealing their binding mechanisms and the conformational changes that induce MtrR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Hooks
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julio C Ayala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- STD Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Concerta L Holley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vijaya Dhulipala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grace A Beggs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John R Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria A Schumacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William M Shafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Laboratories of Microbial Pathogenesis, VA Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard G Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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20
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Wilhelm J, Pos KM. Molecular insights into the determinants of substrate specificity and efflux inhibition of the RND efflux pumps AcrB and AdeB. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001438. [PMID: 38358391 PMCID: PMC10924465 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial members of the Resistance Nodulation and cell Division (RND) superfamily form tripartite efflux pump systems that span the cell envelope. One of the intriguing features of the multiple drug efflux members of this superfamily is their ability to recognize different classes of antibiotics, dyes, solvents, bile salts, and detergents. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms of multiple drug efflux catalysed by the tripartite RND efflux system AcrAB-TolC from Eschericha coli. The determinants for sequential or simultaneous multiple substrate binding and efflux pump inhibitor binding are discussed. A comparison is made with the determinants for substrate binding of AdeB from Acinetobacter baumannii, which acts within the AdeABC multidrug efflux system. There is an apparent general similarity between the structures of AcrB and AdeB and their substrate specificity. However, the presence of distinct conformational states and different drug efflux capacities as revealed by single-particle cryo-EM and mutational analysis suggest that the drug binding and transport features exhibited by AcrB may not be directly extrapolated to the homolog AdeB efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wilhelm
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaas Martinus Pos
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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21
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Bologna E, Licari LC, Manfredi C, Ditonno F, Cirillo L, Fusco GM, Abate M, Passaro F, Di Mauro E, Crocetto F, Pandolfo SD, Aveta A, Cilio S, Di Filippo I, Barone B, Franco A, Arcaniolo D, La Rocca R, Pinchera B, Napolitano L. Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Urinary Tract Infections: From Biological Insights to Emerging Therapeutic Alternatives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:214. [PMID: 38399502 PMCID: PMC10889937 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most frequent type of infection observed in clinical practice. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae are common pathogens in UTIs. Excessive antibiotic use in humans and animals, poor infection control, and increased global travel have accelerated the spread of multidrug-resistant strains (MDR). Carbapenem antibiotics are commonly considered the last line of defense against MDR Gram-negative bacteria; however, their efficacy is now threatened by the increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). This comprehensive review aims to explore the biological mechanisms underlying carbapenem resistance and to present a focus on therapeutic alternatives currently available for complicated UTIs (cUTIs). A comprehensive bibliographic search was conducted on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in December 2023. The best evidence on the topic was selected, described, and discussed. Analyzed with particular interest were the clinical trials pivotal to the introduction of new pharmacological treatments in the management of complicated cUTIs. Additional suitable articles were collected by manually cross-referencing the bibliography of previously selected papers. This overview provides a current and comprehensive examination of the treatment options available for CRE infections, offering a valuable resource for understanding this constantly evolving public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Bologna
- Unit of Urology, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, “Sapienza” University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Leslie Claire Licari
- Unit of Urology, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, “Sapienza” University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ditonno
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Giovanni Maria Fusco
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Marco Abate
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Francesco Passaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Ernesto Di Mauro
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
- Department of Urology, University of L’Aquila, 67010 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Achille Aveta
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Simone Cilio
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Isabella Di Filippo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.D.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Biagio Barone
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, AORN Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Antonio Franco
- Department of Urology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Arcaniolo
- Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto La Rocca
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.D.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (G.M.F.); (M.A.); (F.P.); (E.D.M.); (F.C.); (S.D.P.); (A.A.); (S.C.); (R.L.R.); (L.N.)
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22
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Lyu S, Xiong F, Qi T, Shen W, Guo Q, Han M, Liu L, Bu W, Yuan J, Lou B. Isolation and characterization of a novel temperate bacteriophage infecting Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from a Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae pond. Virus Res 2024; 339:199279. [PMID: 37992971 PMCID: PMC10709362 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen that frequently leads to significant mortality in various commercially cultured aquatic species. Bacteriophages offer an alternative strategy for pathogens elimination. In this study, we isolated, identified, and characterized a novel temperate A. hydrophila phage, designated as P05B. The bacteriophage P05B is a myovirus based on its morphological features, and possesses the capability to lyse A. hydrophila strains isolated from shrimp. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), adsorption rate, latent period, and burst size for phage P05B were determined to be 0.001, 91.7 %, 20 min, and 483 PFU/cell, respectively. Phage P05B displayed stability across a range of temperatures (28-50 °C) and pH values (4.0-10.0). Sequence analysis unveiled that the genome of phage P05B comprises 32,302 base pairs with an average G + C content of 59.4 %. A total of 40 open reading frames (ORF) were encoded within the phage P05B genome. The comparative genomic analyses clearly implied that P05B might represent a novel species of the genus Bielevirus under Peduoviridae family. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed, demonstrating that P05B shares a close evolutionary relationship with other Aeromonas and Aeromonas phages. In conclusion, this study increased our knowledge about a new temperate phage of A. hydrophila with strong lytic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Fulei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Tianpeng Qi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Mingming Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China.
| | - Weishao Bu
- Yunhe County Qingjiang ecological breeding cooperative, Shipu Village, Jinshuitan Town, Yunhe County, Lishui, Zhejiang, 310018, PR China
| | - Julin Yuan
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 South Hangchangqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, PR China
| | - Bao Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
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23
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Yu Z, Shi X, Wang Z. Structures and Efflux Mechanisms of the AcrAB-TolC Pump. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:1-16. [PMID: 38963480 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The global emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in gram-negative bacteria has become a matter of worldwide concern. MDR in these pathogens is closely linked to the overexpression of certain efflux pumps, particularly the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux pumps. Inhibition of these pumps presents an attractive and promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance, as the efflux pump inhibitors can effectively restore the potency of existing antibiotics. AcrAB-TolC is one well-studied RND efflux pump, which transports a variety of substrates, therefore providing resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. To develop effective pump inhibitors, a comprehensive understanding of the structural aspect of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump is imperative. Previous studies on this pump's structure have been limited to individual components or in vitro determination of fully assembled pumps. Recent advancements in cellular cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) have provided novel insights into this pump's assembly and functional mechanism within its native cell membrane environment. Here, we present a summary of the structural data regarding the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, shedding light on its assembly pathway and operational mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Yu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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24
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Mukhopadhyay S, Singh M, Ghosh MM, Chakrabarti S, Ganguli S. Comparative Genomics and Characterization of Shigella flexneri Isolated from Urban Wastewater. Microbes Environ 2024; 39:ME23105. [PMID: 38839365 PMCID: PMC11220449 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Shigella species are a group of highly transmissible Gram-negative pathogens. Increasing reports of infection with extensively drug-resistant varieties of this stomach bug has convinced the World Health Organization to prioritize Shigella for novel therapeutic interventions. We herein coupled the whole-genome sequencing of a natural isolate of Shigella flexneri with a pangenome ana-lysis to characterize pathogen genomics within this species, which will provide us with an insight into its existing genomic diversity and highlight the root causes behind the emergence of quick vaccine escape variants. The isolated novel strain of S. flexneri contained ~4,500 protein-coding genes, 57 of which imparted resistance to antibiotics. A comparative pan-genomic ana-lysis revealed genomic variability of ~64%, the shared conservation of core genes in central metabolic processes, and the enrichment of unique/accessory genes in virulence and defense mechanisms that contributed to much of the observed antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A pathway ana-lysis of the core genome mapped 22 genes to 2 antimicrobial resistance pathways, with the bulk coding for multidrug efflux pumps and two component regulatory systems that are considered to work synergistically towards the development of resistance phenotypes. The prospective evolvability of Shigella species as witnessed by the marked difference in genomic content, the strain-specific essentiality of unique/accessory genes, and the inclusion of a potent resistance mechanism within the core genome, strengthens the possibility of novel serotypes emerging in the near future and emphasizes the importance of tracking down genomic diversity in drug/vaccine design and AMR governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishta Mukhopadhyay
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous) Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Meesha Singh
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous) Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous) Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Government General Degree College Singur, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayak Ganguli
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous) Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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25
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Samreen, Ahmad I, Siddiqui SA, Naseer A, Nazir A. Efflux Pump Inhibition-Based Screening and Anti-Infective Evaluation of Punica granatum Against Bacterial Pathogens. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:51. [PMID: 38151670 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug efflux pumps contribute to bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR), reducing antibiotic effectiveness and causing treatment failures. Besides their role in MDR, efflux pumps also assist in the transportation of quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules and increased the tolerance of biofilms. Recently, the search for efflux pump inhibitors from natural sources, including anti-infective plants, has gained attention as a potential therapy against drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, 19 traditional Indian medicinal plants were screened for their efflux pump inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli TGI. The promising extract, i.e., Punica granatum was subsequently fractioned in the solvents of increasing polarity. Among them, at sub-MIC active EPI fraction was PGEF (P. granatum ethyl acetate fraction), further investigated for anti-infective potential against Chromobacterium violaceum 12,472, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Serratia marcescens MTCC 97. PGEF was also evaluated for in vivo efficacy in Caenorhabditis elegans model. Major phytocompounds were analyzed by mass spectroscopic techniques. At respective Sub-MIC, PGEF reduced violacein production by 71.14% in C. violaceum 12,472. Moreover, PGEF inhibited pyocyanin (64.72%), pyoverdine (48.17%), protease (51.35%), and swarming motility (44.82%) of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Furthermore, PGEF reduced the production of prodigiosin and exoprotease by 64.73% and 61.80%, respectively. Similarly, at sub-MIC, PGEF inhibited (≥ 50%) biofilm development in all test pathogens. The key phytocompounds detected in active fraction include 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, trans-p-coumaric acid 4- glucoside, (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide, and ellagic acid. Interestingly, PGEF also demonstrated anti-infective efficacy against the PAO1-infected C. elegans test model and highlighting its therapeutic potential as an anti-infective agent to combat drug-resistant problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shirjeel Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anam Naseer
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Division of Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Division of Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
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Santana JEG, Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, Gonçalves Alencar G, Siqueira GM, Sampaio Alves D, Moura TF, Tintino SR, de Menezes IRA, Rodrigues JPV, Gonçalves VBP, Nicolete R, Emran TB, Gonçalves Lima CM, Ahmad SF, Coutinho HDM, da Silva TG. Comparative Antibacterial and Efflux Pump Inhibitory Activity of Isolated Nerolidol, Farnesol, and α-Bisabolol Sesquiterpenes and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations. Molecules 2023; 28:7649. [PMID: 38005371 PMCID: PMC10675182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The efflux systems are considered important mechanisms of bacterial resistance due to their ability to extrude various antibiotics. Several naturally occurring compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, have demonstrated antibacterial activity and the ability to inhibit efflux pumps in resistant strains. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the antibacterial and inhibitory activity of the efflux systems NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA by sesquiterpenes nerolidol, farnesol, and α-bisabolol, used either individually or in liposomal nanoformulation, against multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The methodology consisted of in vitro testing of the ability of sesquiterpenes to reduce the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and enhance the action of antibiotics and ethidium bromide (EtBr) in broth microdilution assays. The following strains were used: S. aureus 1199B carrying the NorA efflux pump, resistant to norfloxacin; IS-58 strain carrying Tet(K), resistant to tetracyclines; RN4220 carrying MsrA, conferring resistance to erythromycin. For the EtBr fluorescence measurement test, K2068 carrying MepA was used. It was observed the individual sesquiterpenes exhibited better antibacterial activity as well as efflux pump inhibition. Farnesol showed the lowest MIC of 16.5 µg/mL against the S. aureus RN4220 strain. Isolated nerolidol stood out for reducing the MIC of EtBr to 5 µg/mL in the 1199B strain, yielding better results than the positive control CCCP, indicating strong evidence of NorA inhibition. The liposome formulations did not show promising results, except for liposome/farnesol, which reduced the MIC of EtBr against 1199B and RN4220. Further research is needed to evaluate the mechanisms of action involved in the inhibition of resistance mechanisms by the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (D.S.A.); (T.F.M.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (D.S.A.); (T.F.M.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Gustavo Miguel Siqueira
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (D.S.A.); (T.F.M.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Daniel Sampaio Alves
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (D.S.A.); (T.F.M.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Talysson Felismino Moura
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (D.S.A.); (T.F.M.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (D.S.A.); (T.F.M.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (D.S.A.); (T.F.M.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | | | | | - Roberto Nicolete
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusebio 61773-270, Brazil; (J.P.V.R.); (V.B.P.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (D.S.A.); (T.F.M.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.E.G.S.); (T.G.d.S.)
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Ricci V, Kaur J, Stone J, Piddock LJV. Antibiotics do not induce expression of acrAB directly but via a RamA-dependent pathway. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0062023. [PMID: 37815378 PMCID: PMC10649046 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00620-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if acrAB induction in Salmonella Typhimurium relies solely on RamA or if other transcriptional activator pathways are also involved, and to better understand the kinetics of induction of both acrAB and ramA. We evaluated the expression of acrAB in S. Typhimurium in response to a variety of compounds that are known to induce the expression of one or more of the transcriptional activators, MarA, SoxS, RamA, and Rob. We utilized green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcriptional reporter fusions to investigate the changes in the expression of acrAB, ramA, marA, and soxS following exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial compounds. Of the compounds tested, 13 induce acrAB expression in S. Typhimurium via RamA, MarA, SoxS, and Rob-dependent pathways. None of the tested antibiotics induced acrAB expression, and compounds that induced acrAB expression also induced a general stress response. The results from this study show that the majority of compounds tested induced acrAB via the RamA-dependent pathway. However, none of the antibiotic substrates of the AcrB efflux pump directly increased the expression of AcrAB either directly or indirectly via the induction of one of the transcriptional activators. Using a dual GFP/RFP reporter, we investigated the kinetics of the induction of ramA and acrAB simultaneously and found that acrAB gene expression was transient compared to ramA gene expression. ramA gene expression increased with time and would remain high or decrease slowly over the course of the experiment indicating that RamA exerts a wider global effect and is not limited to efflux regulation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Ricci
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jaswant Kaur
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Stone
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. V. Piddock
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Sun K, Xu P, Zhang Y, Yu P, Ju Y. Bibliometric insights into the most influential papers on antibiotic adjuvants: a comprehensive analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1276018. [PMID: 38027012 PMCID: PMC10679448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1276018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The utilization of antibiotic adjuvants presents a promising strategy for addressing bacterial resistance. Recently, the development of antibiotic adjuvants has attracted considerable attention from researchers in academia and industry. This study aimed to identify the most influential publications on antibiotic adjuvants and elucidate the hotspots and research trends in this field. Method: Original articles and reviews related to antibiotic adjuvants were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The top 100 highly cited publications were selected and the visual analyses of publication outputs, countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords were conducted using Excel, VOSviewer, or CtieSpace software tools. Results: The top 100 cited publications concerning antibiotic adjuvants spanned the years 1977-2020, with citation counts ranging from 174 to 2,735. These publications encompassed 49 original articles and 51 reviews. The journal "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy" accounted for the highest number of publications (12%). The top 100 cited publications emanated from 39 countries, with the United States leading in production. Institutions in Canada and the United States exhibited the most substantial contributions to these highly cited publications. A total of 526 authors participated in these studies, with Robert E.W. Hancock, Laura J. V. Piddock, Xian-Zhi Li, Hiroshi Nikaido, and Olga Lomovskaya emerging as the most frequently nominated authors. The most common keywords included "E. coli", "P. aeruginosa", "S. aureus", "in-vitro activity", "antimicrobial peptide", "efflux pump inhibitor" "efflux pump", "MexAB-OprM" and "mechanism". These keywords underscored the hotspots of bacterial resistance mechanisms and the development of novel antibiotic adjuvants. Conclusion: Through the bibliometric analysis, this study identified the top 100 highly cited publications on antibiotic adjuvants. Moreover, the findings offered a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and frontiers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Sichuan University Library, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sichuan University Library, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingjing Yu
- Sichuan University Library, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Ju
- Sichuan University Library, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hussain A, Ong EBB, Balaram P, Ismail A, Kien PK. Deletion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi tolC reduces bacterial adhesion and invasion toward host cells. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1301478. [PMID: 38029101 PMCID: PMC10655110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background S. Typhi is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes typhoid fever in humans. Its virulence depends on the TolC outer membrane pump, which expels toxic compounds and antibiotics. However, the role of TolC in the host cell adhesion and invasion by S. Typhi is unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate how deleting the tolC affects the adhesion and invasion of HT-29 epithelial and THP-1 macrophage cells by S. Typhi in vitro. Methods We compared the adhesion and invasion rates of the wild-type and the tolC mutant strains of S. Typhi using in vitro adhesion and invasion assays. We also measured the expression levels of SPI-1 genes (invF, sipA, sipC, and sipD) using quantitative PCR. Results We found that the tolC mutant showed a significant reduction in adhesion and invasion compared to the wild-type strain in both cell types. We also observed that the expression of SPI-1 genes was downregulated in the tolC mutant. Discussion Our results suggest that TolC modulates the expression of SPI-1 genes and facilitates the adhesion and invasion of host cells by S. Typhi. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of S. Typhi pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance. However, our study is limited by the use of in vitro models and does not reflect the complex interactions between S. Typhi and host cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Boon Beng Ong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Johnson TS, Bourdine AA, Deber CM. Hydrophobic moment drives penetration of bacterial membranes by transmembrane peptides. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105266. [PMID: 37734555 PMCID: PMC10585379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remaining a persistent and growing threat to human health worldwide, membrane-active peptides are gaining traction as an alternative strategy to overcome the issue. Membrane-embedded multi-drug resistant (MDR) efflux pumps are a prime target for membrane-active peptides, as they are a well-established contributor to clinically relevant AMR infections. Here, we describe a series of transmembrane peptides (TMs) to target the oligomerization motif of the AcrB component of the AcrAB-TolC MDR efflux pump from Escherichia coli. These peptides contain an N-terminal acetyl-A-(Sar)3 (sarcosine; N-methylglycine) tag and a C-terminal lysine tag-a design strategy our lab has utilized to improve the solubility and specificity of targeting for TMs previously. While these peptides have proven useful in preventing AcrB-mediated substrate efflux, the mechanisms by which these peptides associate with and penetrate the bacterial membrane remained unknown. In this study, we have shown peptide hydrophobic moment (μH)-the measure of concentrated hydrophobicity on one face of a lipopathic α-helix-drives bacterial membrane permeabilization and depolarization, likely through lateral-phase separation of negatively-charged POPG lipids and the disruption of lipid packing. Our results show peptide μH is an important consideration when designing membrane-active peptides and may be the determining factor in whether a TM will function in a permeabilizing or non-permeabilizing manner when embedded in the bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Johnson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandra A Bourdine
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Mushtaq F, Raza SM, Ahmad A, Aslam H, Adeel A, Saleem S, Ahmad I. Antimicrobial drug resistant features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with treatment failure. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293194. [PMID: 37883448 PMCID: PMC10602240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis stands as a prominent cause of mortality in developing countries. The treatment of tuberculosis involves a complex procedure requiring the administration of a panel of at least four antimicrobial drugs for the duration of six months. The occurrence of treatment failure after the completion of a standard treatment course presents a serious medical problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial drug resistant features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with treatment failure. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of second line drugs such as amikacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and the efflux pump inhibitor verapamil against M. tuberculosis isolates associated with treatment failure. We monitored 1200 tuberculosis patients who visited TB centres in Lahore and found that 64 of them were not cured after six months of treatment. Among the M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from the sputum of these 64 patients, 46 (71.9%) isolates were simultaneously resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid (MDR), and 30 (46.9%) isolates were resistant to pyrazinamide, Resistance to amikacin was detected in 17 (26,5%) isolates whereas resistance to moxifloxacin and linezolid was detected in 1 (1.5%) and 2 (3.1%) isolates respectively. Among MDR isolates, the additional resistance to pyrazinamide, amikacin, and linezolid was detected in 15(23.4%), 4(2.6%) and 1(1.56%) isolates respectively. One isolate simultaneously resistant to rifampicin, isoniazid, amikacin, pyrazinamide, and linezolid was also identified. In our investigations, the most frequently mutated amino acid in the treatment failure group was Serine 315 in katG. Three novel mutations were detected at codons 99, 149 and 154 in pncA which were associated with pyrazinamide resistance. The effect of verapamil on the minimum inhibitory concentration of isoniazid and rifampicin was observed in drug susceptible isolates but not in drug resistant isolates. Rifampicin and isoniazid enhanced the transcription of the efflux pump gene rv1258 in drug susceptible isolates collected from the treatment failure patients. Our findings emphasize a high prevalence of MDR isolates linked primarily to drug exposure. Moreover, the use of amikacin as a second line drug may not be the most suitable choice in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Mushtaq
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Syed Mohsin Raza
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Aslam
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atiqa Adeel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Saleem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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He L, Yang S, Xuan W, Zhen X, Qi Q, Qi Y, Li Q, Du M, Hamblin MR, Huang L. Phenylalanine-Arginine-β-Naphthylamide Enhances the Photobactericidal Effect of Methylene Blue on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:569-575. [PMID: 37870413 PMCID: PMC10615054 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness, dosing sequence, concentration, and mechanism of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) using methylene blue (MB) plus phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: P. aeruginosa bacterial suspension was incubated with MB for different times (5-240 min), and then, 10 J/cm2 red light was irradiated. The efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) PAβN (10-100 μg/mL) was combined with MB (1-20 μM) in different sequences (PAβN-first, PAβN+MB, PAβN-after). Colony-forming units were then determined by serial dilution. Results: Using MB 10 μM plus 10 J/cm2, the killing effect of MB-aPDI on P. aeruginosa increased first and then decreased with longer incubation time. The killing effect of MB+PAβN-aPDI on P. aeruginosa was better than that of MB-aPDI (p < 0.05) by up to 2 logs. PAβN-first had the best killing effect, whereas PAβN-after had the worst killing effect. The killing effect increased with PAβN concentration and at 100 μg/mL reached 5.1 logs. Conclusions: The EPI PAβN enhanced the bactericidal effect of MB-aPDI on P. aeruginosa, especially when added before MB. It is proposed that MB is a substrate of the resistance-nodulation-division family efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongqi Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingxiang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meixia Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg–Doornfontein Campus, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Geraldes C, Tavares L, Gil S, Oliveira M. Biocides in the Hospital Environment: Application and Tolerance Development. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:456-476. [PMID: 37643289 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections are a rising problem with consequences for patients, hospitals, and health care workers. Biocides can be employed to prevent these infections, contributing to eliminate or reduce microorganisms' concentrations at the hospital environment. These antimicrobials belong to several groups, each with distinct characteristics that need to be taken into account in their selection for specific applications. Moreover, their activity is influenced by many factors, such as compound concentration and the presence of organic matter. This article aims to review some of the chemical biocides available for hospital infection control, as well as the main factors that influence their efficacy and promote susceptibility decreases, with the purpose to contribute for reducing misusage and consequently for preventing the development of resistance to these antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Geraldes
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Solange Gil
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Animal Health, Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU), Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
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Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, Santana JEG, Alencar GG, Siqueira GM, Gonçalves SA, Tintino SR, de Menezes IRA, Rodrigues JPV, Gonçalves VBP, Nicolete R, Ribeiro-Filho J, da Silva TG, Coutinho HDM. Valencene, Nootkatone and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations as Potential Inhibitors of NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2400. [PMID: 37896161 PMCID: PMC10609713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Valencene and nootkatone are aromatic sesquiterpenes with known biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Given the evidence that encapsulation into nanosystems, such as liposomes, could improve the properties of several compounds, the present study aimed to evaluate the activity of these sesquiterpenes in their isolated state or in liposomal formulations against strains of Staphylococcus aureus carrying efflux pumps. The broth microdilution method evaluated the antibiotic-enhancing activity associated with antibiotics and ethidium bromide (EtBr). The minimum inhibitory concentration was assessed in strains of S. aureus 1199B, IS-58, and RN4220, which carry the efflux proteins NorA, Tet(K), and MsrA. In tests with strain 1199B, valencene reduced the MIC of norfloxacin and EtBr by 50%, while the liposomal formulation of this compound did not show a significant effect. Regarding the strain IS-58, valencene, and its nanoformulation reduced norfloxacin MIC by 60.3% and 50%, respectively. In the non-liposomal form, the sesquiterpene reduced the MIC of EtBr by 90%. Against the RN4220 strain, valencene reduced the MIC of the antibiotic and EtBr by 99% and 93.7%, respectively. Nootkatone and its nanoformulation showed significant activity against the 1199B strain, reducing the EtBr MIC by 21.9%. Against the IS-58 strain, isolated nootkatone reduced the EtBr MIC by 20%. The results indicate that valencene and nootkatone potentiate the action of antibiotics and efflux inhibitors in strains carrying NorA, Tet(K), and MsrA proteins, which suggests that these sesquiterpenes act as efflux pump inhibitors in S. aureus. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess the impact of incorporation into liposomes on the activity of these compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | | | - Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Gustavo Miguel Siqueira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Sheila Alves Gonçalves
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
| | | | | | - Roberto Nicolete
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusébio 61773-270, CE, Brazil; (J.P.V.R.); (V.B.P.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusébio 61773-270, CE, Brazil; (J.P.V.R.); (V.B.P.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (J.E.G.S.); (T.G.d.S.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-010, CE, Brazil; (C.D.d.M.O.-T.); (G.G.A.); (G.M.S.); (S.A.G.); (S.R.T.); (I.R.A.d.M.)
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Zhang S, Wang J, Ahn J. Advances in the Discovery of Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Novel Potentiators to Control Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1417. [PMID: 37760714 PMCID: PMC10525980 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in clinical settings and food-producing animals, posing significant challenges to clinical management and food control. Over the past few decades, the discovery of antimicrobials has slowed down, leading to a lack of treatment options for clinical infectious diseases and foodborne illnesses. Given the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the limited availability of effective antibiotics, the discovery of novel antibiotic potentiators may prove useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. The application of antibiotics combined with antibiotic potentiators has demonstrated successful outcomes in bench-scale experiments and clinical settings. For instance, the use of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) in combination with antibiotics showed effective inhibition of MDR pathogens. Thus, this review aims to enable the possibility of using novel EPIs as potential adjuvants to effectively control MDR pathogens. Specifically, it provides a comprehensive summary of the advances in novel EPI discovery and the underlying mechanisms that restore antimicrobial activity. In addition, we also characterize plant-derived EPIs as novel potentiators. This review provides insights into current challenges and potential strategies for future advancements in fighting antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Koirala P, Doody C, Blackwell H, Chandler JR. Regulation of an antibiotic resistance efflux pump by quorum sensing and a TetR-family repressor in Chromobacterium subtsugae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.02.556004. [PMID: 37693375 PMCID: PMC10491235 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.02.556004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The soil bacterium Chromobacterium substugae uses a single LuxI-R-type quorum-sensing system, CviI-R, to regulate genes in a cell density-dependent manner. CviI synthesizes the signal N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) and CviR is a C6-HSL-responsive cytoplasmic transcription regulator. C6-HSL-bound CviR activates dozens of genes, for example the cdeAB-oprM cluster coding for an efflux pump conferring antibiotic resistance. The cdeAB-oprM genes are also regulated by an antibiotic-responsive transcription factor, CdeR, which represses expression of these genes. We are interested in understanding how C. subtsugae integrates different environmental cues to regulate antibiotic resistance. In this study, we sought to delineate the mechanism of regulation of the cdeAB-oprM genes by CviR and CdeR. In recombinant E. coli, the cdeA promoter is activated by CviR and repressed by CdeR. We identify non-overlapping sequence elements in the cdeA promoter that are required for CviR activation and CdeR repression, respectively. We also examined the role of CdeR in modulating cdeA activation by C6-HSL in C. subtsugae. We show that CviR and CdeR can independently modulate transcription from the cdeA promoter in C. subtsugae, consistent with the conclusion that CviR and CdeR regulate the cdeAB-oprM genes by interacting directly with different binding sites in the cdeA promoter. These results contribute to a molecular understanding of how the cdeAB-oprM genes are regulated and provide new insight into how C. subtsugae integrates different environmental cues to regulate antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Koirala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Cassie Doody
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Helen Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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Martin ALAR, Pereira RLS, Rocha JE, Farias PAM, Freitas TS, de Lemos Caldas FR, Figueredo FG, Sampaio NFL, Ribeiro-Filho J, Menezes IRDA, Brancaglion GA, de Paulo DC, Carvalho DT, Lima MA, Coutinho HDM, Fonteles MMF. In vitro and in silico evidences about the inhibition of MepA efflux pump by coumarin derivatives. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106246. [PMID: 37454945 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has significantly transformed the outcomes of bacterial infections in the last decades. However, the development of antibiotic resistance mechanisms has allowed an increasing number of bacterial strains to overcome the action of antibiotics, decreasing their effectiveness against infections they were developed to treat. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of synthetic coumarins Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and analyze their interaction with the MepA efflux pump in silico. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination showed that none of the test compounds have antibacterial activity. However, all coumarin derivatives decreased the MIC of the standard efflux inhibitor ethidium bromide, indicating antibacterial synergism. On the other hand, the C14 derivative potentiated the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against the resistant strain. In silico analysis showed that C9, C11, and C13 coumarins showed the most favorable interaction with the MepA efflux pump. Nevertheless, due to the present in silico and in vitro investigation limitations, further experimental research is required to confirm the therapeutic potential of these compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luíza A R Martin
- Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine Estácio Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pablo A M Farias
- Faculty of Medicine Estácio Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando G Figueredo
- Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine Estácio Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
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Mancini L, Pilizota T. Environmental conditions define the energetics of bacterial dormancy and its antibiotic susceptibility. Biophys J 2023; 122:3207-3218. [PMID: 37403359 PMCID: PMC10465703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cells that stop growing but maintain viability and the capability to regrow are termed dormant and have been shown to transiently tolerate high concentrations of antimicrobials. Links between tolerance and cellular energetics as a possible explanation for the tolerance, have been investigated and have produced mixed and seemingly contradictory results. Because dormancy merely indicates growth arrest, which can be induced by various stimuli, we hypothesize that dormant cells may exist in a range of energetic states that depend on the environment. To energetically characterize different dormancies, we first induce them in a way that results in dormant populations and subsequently measure both of their main energy sources, the proton motive force magnitude and the concentration of ATP. We find that different types of dormancy exhibit characteristic energetic profiles that vary in level and dynamics. The energetic makeup was associated with survival to some antibiotics but not others. Our findings portray dormancy as a state that is rich in phenotypes with various stress survival capabilities. Because environmental conditions outside of the lab often halt or limit microbial growth, a typologization of dormant states may yield relevant insights on the survival and evolutionary strategies of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mancini
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Teuta Pilizota
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Avakh A, Grant GD, Cheesman MJ, Kalkundri T, Hall S. The Art of War with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Targeting Mex Efflux Pumps Directly to Strategically Enhance Antipseudomonal Drug Efficacy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1304. [PMID: 37627724 PMCID: PMC10451789 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) poses a grave clinical challenge due to its multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, leading to severe and life-threatening infections. This bacterium exhibits both intrinsic resistance to various antipseudomonal agents and acquired resistance against nearly all available antibiotics, contributing to its MDR phenotype. Multiple mechanisms, including enzyme production, loss of outer membrane proteins, target mutations, and multidrug efflux systems, contribute to its antimicrobial resistance. The clinical importance of addressing MDR in P. aeruginosa is paramount, and one pivotal determinant is the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of drug/proton antiporters, notably the Mex efflux pumps. These pumps function as crucial defenders, reinforcing the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) strains, which underscores the urgency of the situation. Overcoming this challenge necessitates the exploration and development of potent efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) to restore the efficacy of existing antipseudomonal drugs. By effectively countering or bypassing efflux activities, EPIs hold tremendous potential for restoring the antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and other Gram-negative pathogens. This review focuses on concurrent MDR, highlighting the clinical significance of efflux pumps, particularly the Mex efflux pumps, in driving MDR. It explores promising EPIs and delves into the structural characteristics of the MexB subunit and its substrate binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (A.A.); (G.D.G.); (M.J.C.); (T.K.)
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Ding Y, Hao J, Xiao W, Ye C, Xiao X, Jian C, Tang M, Li G, Liu J, Zeng Z. Role of efflux pumps, their inhibitors, and regulators in colistin resistance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1207441. [PMID: 37601369 PMCID: PMC10436536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1207441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is highly promising against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria clinically. Bacteria are resistant to colistin mainly through mcr and chromosome-mediated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis-related locus variation. However, the current understanding cannot fully explain the resistance mechanism in mcr-negative colistin-resistant strains. Significantly, the contribution of efflux pumps to colistin resistance remains to be clarified. This review aims to discuss the contribution of efflux pumps and their related transcriptional regulators to colistin resistance in various bacteria and the reversal effect of efflux pump inhibitors on colistin resistance. Previous studies suggested a complex regulatory relationship between the efflux pumps and their transcriptional regulators and LPS synthesis, transport, and modification. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), and Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) all achieved the reversal of colistin resistance, highlighting the role of efflux pumps in colistin resistance and their potential for adjuvant development. The contribution of the efflux pumps to colistin resistance might also be related to specific genetic backgrounds. They can participate in colistin tolerance and heterogeneous resistance to affect the treatment efficacy of colistin. These findings help understand the development of resistance in mcr-negative colistin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangrui Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Chegene Lorestani R, Shojaeian A, Rostamian M. Phenotypic, genotypic, and metabolic resistance mechanisms of ESKAPE bacteria to chemical disinfectants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:1097-1123. [PMID: 37674347 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2256975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of resistant ESKAPE pathogens to antimicrobials including chemical disinfectants (ChDs) is a serious threat to public health worldwide. In the present study, we systematically reviewed published reports on mechanisms beyond ChD resistance of ESKAPE bacteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Several databases without date limitations were searched. Studies focused on the ChD resistance/tolerance mechanisms of ESKAPE bacteria were included. Meta-analysis was done to assess the frequency of tolerance and genes in ESKAPE clinical isolates. By screening of initial 6733 records, finally, 41 studies were included. RESULTS The overall tolerance to at least one ChD was 48.6%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were highly ChD-resistant. In several studies, phenotypic changes including changes in general morphology, pump function, cell surface, and membrane, as well as metabolic changes were observed after ChD addition. The resistance gene frequency was 70.2% for norfloxacin efflux pump genes, 40.6% for qac major facilitator superfamily genes, and 22.2% for qac small multidrug resistance genes. CONCLUSION We systematically reviewed the effect of various mechanisms in the resistance process of ESKAPE bacteria to ChDs. However, except for the impact of genes, the numbers of studies investigating other mechanisms were very limited, demanding carrying out more studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Chegene Lorestani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Shojaeian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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42
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Kadeřábková N, Mahmood AJS, Furniss RCD, Mavridou DAI. Making a chink in their armor: Current and next-generation antimicrobial strategies against the bacterial cell envelope. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 83:221-307. [PMID: 37507160 PMCID: PMC10517717 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are uniquely equipped to defeat antibiotics. Their outermost layer, the cell envelope, is a natural permeability barrier that contains an array of resistance proteins capable of neutralizing most existing antimicrobials. As a result, its presence creates a major obstacle for the treatment of resistant infections and for the development of new antibiotics. Despite this seemingly impenetrable armor, in-depth understanding of the cell envelope, including structural, functional and systems biology insights, has promoted efforts to target it that can ultimately lead to the generation of new antibacterial therapies. In this article, we broadly overview the biology of the cell envelope and highlight attempts and successes in generating inhibitors that impair its function or biogenesis. We argue that the very structure that has hampered antibiotic discovery for decades has untapped potential for the design of novel next-generation therapeutics against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kadeřábková
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ayesha J S Mahmood
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - R Christopher D Furniss
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despoina A I Mavridou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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Hooks GM, Ayala JC, Beggs GA, Perfect JR, Schumacher MA, Shafer WM, Brennan RG. Hormonal steroids bind the Neisseria gonorrhoeae multidrug resistance regulator, MtrR, to induce a multidrug binding efflux pump and stress-response sigma factor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544409. [PMID: 37398116 PMCID: PMC10312642 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the multidrug efflux pump MtrCDE, a critical factor of multidrug-resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the causative agent of gonorrheae, is repressed by the transcriptional regulator, MtrR (multiple transferable resistance repressor). Here, we report the results from a series of in vitro experiments to identify innate, human inducers of MtrR and to understand the biochemical and structural mechanisms of the gene regulatory function of MtrR. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments reveal that MtrR binds the hormonal steroids progesterone, β-estradiol, and testosterone, all of which are present at significant concentrations at urogenital infection sites as well as ethinyl estrogen, a component of some birth control pills. Binding of these steroids results in decreased affinity of MtrR for cognate DNA, as demonstrated by fluorescence polarization-based assays. The crystal structures of MtrR bound to each steroid provided insight into the flexibility of the binding pocket, elucidated specific residue-ligand interactions, and revealed the conformational consequences of the induction mechanism of MtrR. Three residues, D171, W136 and R176 are key to the specific binding of these gonadal steroids. These studies provide a molecular understanding of the transcriptional regulation by MtrR that promotes N. gonorrhoeae survival in its human host.
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Yamasaki S, Zwama M, Yoneda T, Hayashi-Nishino M, Nishino K. Drug resistance and physiological roles of RND multidrug efflux pumps in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001322. [PMID: 37319001 PMCID: PMC10333786 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug efflux pumps transport antimicrobial agents out of bacteria, thereby reducing the intracellular antimicrobial concentration, which is associated with intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance to these antimicrobials. As genome analysis has advanced, many drug efflux pump genes have been detected in the genomes of bacterial species. In addition to drug resistance, these pumps are involved in various essential physiological functions, such as bacterial adaptation to hostile environments, toxin and metabolite efflux, biofilm formation and quorum sensing. In Gram-negative bacteria, efflux pumps in the resistance–nodulation–division (RND) superfamily play a clinically important role. In this review, we focus on Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella enterica , Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and discuss the role of RND efflux pumps in drug resistance and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Yamasaki
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Martijn Zwama
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoneda
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nishino
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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45
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Jang S. AcrAB-TolC, a major efflux pump in Gram negative bacteria: toward understanding its operation mechanism. BMB Rep 2023; 56:326-334. [PMID: 37254571 PMCID: PMC10315565 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a silent pandemic that kills millions worldwide. Although the development of new therapeutic agents against antibiotic resistance is in urgent demand, this has presented a great challenge, especially for Gram-negative bacteria that have inherent drug-resistance mediated by impermeable outer membranes and multidrug efflux pumps that actively extrude various drugs from the bacteria. For the last two decades, multidrug efflux pumps, including AcrAB-TolC, the most clinically important efflux pump in Gram-negative bacteria, have drawn great attention as strategic targets for re-sensitizing bacteria to the existing antibiotics. This article aims to provide a concise overview of the AcrAB-TolC operational mechanism, reviewing its architecture and substrate specificity, as well as the recent development of AcrAB-TolC inhibitors. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(6): 326-334].
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Jang
- Department of Discovery Biology, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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46
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Kumawat M, Nabi B, Daswani M, Viquar I, Pal N, Sharma P, Tiwari S, Sarma DK, Shubham S, Kumar M. Role of bacterial efflux pump proteins in antibiotic resistance across microbial species. Microb Pathog 2023:106182. [PMID: 37263448 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Efflux proteins are transporter molecules that actively pump out a variety of substrates, including antibiotics, from cells to the environment. They are found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Based on their protein sequence homology, energy source, and overall structure, efflux proteins can be divided into seven groups. Multidrug efflux pumps are transmembrane proteins produced by microbes to enhance their survival in harsh environments and contribute to antibiotic resistance. These pumps are present in all bacterial genomes studied, indicating their ancestral origins. Many bacterial genes encoding efflux pumps are involved in transport, a significant contributor to antibiotic resistance in microbes. Efflux pumps are widely implicated in the extrusion of clinically relevant antibiotics from cells to the extracellular environment and, as such, represent a significant challenge to antimicrobial therapy. This review aims to provide an overview of the structures and mechanisms of action, substrate profiles, regulation, and possible inhibition of clinically relevant efflux pumps. Additionally, recent advances in research and the pharmacological exploitation of efflux pump inhibitors as a promising intervention for combating drug resistance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumawat
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Bilkees Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry & Biochemical Engineering, SHUATS, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Muskan Daswani
- Department of Biotechnology, SantHirdaram Girls College, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Iqra Viquar
- Department of Biotechnology, SantHirdaram Girls College, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Namrata Pal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Shikha Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Swasti Shubham
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462030, India.
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Trampari E, Prischi F, Vargiu AV, Abi-Assaf J, Bavro VN, Webber MA. Functionally distinct mutations within AcrB underpin antibiotic resistance in different lifestyles. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2023; 1:2. [PMID: 38686215 PMCID: PMC11057200 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-023-00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a pressing healthcare challenge and is mediated by various mechanisms, including the active export of drugs via multidrug efflux systems, which prevent drug accumulation within the cell. Here, we studied how Salmonella evolved resistance to two key antibiotics, cefotaxime and azithromycin, when grown planktonically or as a biofilm. Resistance to both drugs emerged in both conditions and was associated with different substitutions within the efflux-associated transporter, AcrB. Azithromycin exposure selected for an R717L substitution, while cefotaxime for Q176K. Additional mutations in ramR or envZ accumulated concurrently with the R717L or Q176K substitutions respectively, resulting in clinical resistance to the selective antibiotics and cross-resistance to other drugs. Structural, genetic, and phenotypic analysis showed the two AcrB substitutions confer their benefits in profoundly different ways. R717L reduces steric barriers associated with transit through the substrate channel 2 of AcrB. Q176K increases binding energy for cefotaxime, improving recognition in the distal binding pocket, resulting in increased efflux efficiency. Finally, we show the R717 substitution is present in isolates recovered around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Trampari
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ UK
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Attilio V. Vargiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S. P. 8, km. 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Justin Abi-Assaf
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ UK
| | - Vassiliy N. Bavro
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Mark A. Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ UK
- Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA UK
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48
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Huang C, Duan M, Shi Y, Liu H, Zhang P, Zuo Y, Yan L, Xu Y, Niu Y. Insights into the antibacterial mechanism of iron doped carbon dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:933-942. [PMID: 37178569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial nanomaterials provide promising alternative strategies to combat the bacterial infection due to deteriorating resistance. However, few have been practically applied due to the lack of clear antibacterial mechanisms. In this work, we selected good-biocompatibility iron-doped CDs (Fe-CDs) with antibacterial activity as a comprehensive research model to systematically reveal the intrinsic antibacterial mechanism. Through energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of in situ ultrathin sections of bacteria, we found that a large amount of iron was accumulated inside the bacteria treated with Fe-CDs. Then, combining the data of cell level and transcriptomics, it can be elucidated that Fe-CDs could interact with cell membranes, enter bacterial cells through iron transport and infiltration, increase intracellular iron levels, trigger increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lead to disruption of Glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant mechanisms. Excessive ROS further leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in cells, lipid peroxidation destroys the integrity of the cell membrane, and finally leads to the leakage of intracellular substances resulting in bacterial growth inhibition and death. This result provides important insights into the antibacterial mechanism of Fe-CDs and further provides a basis for the deep application of nanomaterials in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Meilin Duan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Urology Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yuhui Zuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Yusheng Niu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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49
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Gaurav A, Bakht P, Saini M, Pandey S, Pathania R. Role of bacterial efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and strategies to discover novel efflux pump inhibitors. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 37224055 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The problem of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has reached a crisis level. The treatment options against infections caused by multiple drug-resistant bacteria are shrinking gradually. The current pace of the discovery of new antibacterial entities is lagging behind the rate of development of new resistance. Efflux pumps play a central role in making a bacterium resistant to multiple antibiotics due to their ability to expel a wide range of structurally diverse compounds. Besides providing an escape from antibacterial compounds, efflux pumps are also involved in bacterial stress response, virulence, biofilm formation, and altering host physiology. Efflux pumps are unique yet challenging targets for the discovery of novel efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). EPIs could help rejuvenate our currently dried pipeline of antibacterial drug discovery. The current article highlights the recent developments in the field of efflux pumps, challenges faced during the development of EPIs and potential approaches for their development. Additionally, this review highlights the utility of resources such as natural products and machine learning to expand our EPIs arsenal using these latest technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gaurav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Perwez Bakht
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mahak Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivam Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Abbood HM, Hijazi K, Gould IM. Chlorhexidine Resistance or Cross-Resistance, That Is the Question. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050798. [PMID: 37237701 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorohexidine (CHX) is a widely used biocide in clinical and household settings. Studies over the last few decades have reported CHX resistance in different bacterial species, but at concentrations well below those used in the clinical setting. Synthesis of these findings is hampered by the inconsistent compliance with standard laboratory procedures for biocide susceptibility testing. Meanwhile, studies of in vitro CHX-adapted bacteria have reported cross-resistance between CHX and other antimicrobials. This could be related to common resistance mechanisms of CHX and other antimicrobials and/or the selective pressure driven by the intensive use of CHX. Importantly, CHX resistance and cross-resistance to antimicrobials should be investigated in clinical as well as environmental isolates to further our understanding of the role of CHX in selection of multidrug resistance. Whilst clinical studies to support the hypothesis of CHX cross-resistance with antibiotics are currently lacking, we recommend raising the awareness of healthcare providers in a range of clinical disciplines regarding the potential adverse impact of the unfettered use of CHX on tackling antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Mohammed Abbood
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
- College of Dentistry, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq
| | - Karolin Hijazi
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZR, UK
| | - Ian M Gould
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
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