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Koloi S, Ganguly I, Singh S, Dixit S. Whole genome re-sequencing reveals high altitude adaptation signatures and admixture in Ladakhi cattle. Gene 2024; 933:148957. [PMID: 39306203 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Ladakhi cattle, native to the high-altitude region of Ladakh in northern India (ranging from 3,000 to 5,000 m above sea level), have evolved unique genetic adaptations to thrive in harsh environmental conditions, such as hypoxia, extreme cold, and low humidity. This study explored the genome of Ladakhi cattle to investigate genetic structure, selection signatures, and adaptive mechanisms. Whole genome sequencing reads, generated on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, were aligned to the Bos taurus reference genome with BWA-MEM. SNPs were identified and filtered using GATK and bcftools, and functionally annotated with SnpEff. For population genomic analysis, PCA and admixture modeling assessed genetic structure, while Neighbor-Joining trees, LD decay, nucleotide diversity (π), and FST evaluated phylogenetic relationships and genetic variation. Selective sweeps were detected using RAiSD, and gene-set enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses were conducted to explore functional pathways related to adaptation. The study revealed 3,759,279 unique SNPs and demonstrated that Ladakhi cattle form a distinct genetic cluster with an estimated admixture of 68 % Bos indicus and 32 % Bos taurus ancestry. Key findings include rapid linkage disequilibrium decay, low inbreeding level, and the identification of selection signatures and genes associated with hypoxia response, energy metabolism, and cold adaptation. Mean nucleotide diversity (π, 0.0037) and FST values indicated moderate genetic differentiation from other breeds. The analysis highlighted selection signatures for genes like HIF1A, ENO4, ANGPT1, EPO, NOS3, MAPK3, HMOX1, BCL2,CAMK2D, MTOR, AKT2,PIK3CB, and MAP2K1, among others, including various keratin and heat shock proteins. The interaction between genes associated with hypoxia signaling (HIF-1) and other enriched pathways such as PI3K, mTOR, NFκB, ERK, and ER stress, reveals a complex mechanism for managing hypoxic stress in Ladakhi cattle. These findings offer valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at enhancing livestock resilience in extreme environments and enhance understanding of mammalian adaptation to high-altitude conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Koloi
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, India; Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Indrajit Ganguly
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, India.
| | - Sanjeev Singh
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Satpal Dixit
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, India.
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Rajawat D, Ghildiyal K, Sonejita Nayak S, Sharma A, Parida S, Kumar S, Ghosh AK, Singh U, Sivalingam J, Bhushan B, Dutt T, Panigrahi M. Genome-wide mining of diversity and evolutionary signatures revealed selective hotspots in Indian Sahiwal cattle. Gene 2024; 901:148178. [PMID: 38242377 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The Sahiwal cattle breed is the best indigenous dairy cattle breed, and it plays a pivotal role in the Indian dairy industry. This is due to its exceptional milk-producing potential, adaptability to local tropical conditions, and its resilience to ticks and diseases. The study aimed to identify selective sweeps and estimate intrapopulation genetic diversity parameters in Sahiwal cattle using ddRAD sequencing-based genotyping data from 82 individuals. After applying filtering criteria, 78,193 high-quality SNPs remained for further analysis. The population exhibited an average minor allele frequency of 0.221 ± 0.119. Genetic diversity metrics, including observed (0.597 ± 0.196) and expected heterozygosity (0.433 ± 0.096), nucleotide diversity (0.327 ± 0.114), the proportion of polymorphic SNPs (0.726), and allelic richness (1.323 ± 0.134), indicated ample genomic diversity within the breed. Furthermore, an effective population size of 74 was observed in the most recent generation. The overall mean linkage disequilibrium (r2) for pairwise SNPs was 0.269 ± 0.057. Moreover, a greater proportion of short Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) segments were observed suggesting that there may be low levels of recent inbreeding in this population. The genomic inbreeding coefficients, computed using different inbreeding estimates (FHOM, FUNI, FROH, and FGROM), ranged from -0.0289 to 0.0725. Subsequently, we found 146 regions undergoing selective sweeps using five distinct statistical tests: Tajima's D, CLR, |iHS|, |iHH12|, and ROH. These regions, located in non-overlapping 500 kb windows, were mapped and revealed various protein-coding genes associated with enhanced immune systems and disease resistance (IFNL3, IRF8, BLK), as well as production traits (NRXN1, PLCE1, GHR). Notably, we identified interleukin 2 (IL2) on Chr17: 35217075-35223276 as a gene linked to tick resistance and uncovered a cluster of genes (HSPA8, UBASH3B, ADAMTS18, CRTAM) associated with heat stress. These findings indicate the evolutionary impact of natural and artificial selection on the environmental adaptation of the Sahiwal cattle population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajawat
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Kanika Ghildiyal
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Sonali Sonejita Nayak
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Anurodh Sharma
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Shive Kumar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Umesh Singh
- ICAR Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India
| | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
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de Aquino LM, Zapa DMB, de Castro Rodrigues D, Strydom T, Torres S, Ferreira LL, Barufi F, de Amaral HOA, de Borges FDA, Gallina T, de Mendonça RP, Soares VE, Monteiro CMO, Lopes WDZ. Two protocols using fluralaner for Rhipicephalus microplus strategic control on taurine cattle in a tropical region. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:15. [PMID: 38191412 PMCID: PMC10775593 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different treatment strategies using a new commercial formulation containing pour-on fluralaner on Rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle and in pastures in a tropical climate region where up to five generations of this tick species can occur per year. METHODS Forty-five naturally infested cattle were divided into three experimental groups: T01, treated with fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) pour-on every 42 days; T02, the cattle received the first treatment with fluralaner on Day 0 but the next treatment involved a weekly visual evaluation; T03, control, received palliative treatment with a spray formulation when the group mean was ≥ 30 ticks. Counts of female R. microplus were performed weekly until day 343, and larval counts on pasture were performed on Days 0, 30, and 60 and every 30 days until Day 330. RESULTS Using fluralaner, six applications were performed in Group T01, and four were performed in Group T02. In the control group (T03), it was necessary to perform eight palliative acaricide treatments with the spray formulation. The animals in T01 and T02 showed lower mean tick counts (p ≤ 0.05) than the control group (T03) on 28 and 27 of the 49 evaluated dates, respectively. In the paddock where the animals were kept as controls, the R. microplus larvae counts increased to 1458. In the paddocks where the animals were treated with fluralaner, the number was ≤ 19 per paddock during the study. CONCLUSIONS The different strategic treatment protocols performed with pour-on fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) over a year in taurine cattle in a tropical region with a history of up to five annual generations of cattle ticks were effective, maintaining levels of R. microplus infestations in animals and in pastures close to zero in most of the study. Depending on the retreatment criterion adopted, the number of applications per year may be lower, resulting in a reduction in the mean cost of acaricide treatment per year and lower exposure of R. microplus populations to the active ingredient, resulting in lower resistance and selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mendes de Aquino
- Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Dina Maria Beltran Zapa
- Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Castro Rodrigues
- Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- MSD Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tom Strydom
- MSD Animal Health, 20 Spartan Road, Isando, Kempton Park, 1619, South Africa
| | | | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando de Almeida de Borges
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vando Edésio Soares
- Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- University of Brazil, Descalvado, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Marcio Oliveira Monteiro
- Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Center of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Science and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Ngetich C, Kamau L, Simbauni J, Mwendia C, Owido M, Kiio I, Matika O, Foster S, Birkett M, Djikeng A, Watson KA, Githaka N. The potential for use of haematological and anti-IgE humoral responses as phenotypic markers for tick resistance in cattle. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 5:100159. [PMID: 38179546 PMCID: PMC10764256 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of the global cattle population is at risk of infestation and infection by ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs). The economic losses from animal mortality, reduced production, vector control costs and animal treatment are very substantial, hence there is an urgent need to develop and deploy alternative vector control strategies. Breeding for host tick resistance has the potential for sustainable large-scale TTBD control especially in cattle. The gold standard method for phenotyping tick resistance in cattle is by counting ticks on the body but is very laborious and subjective. Better methods for phenotyping tick resistance more objectively, faster and at scale, are essential for selecting host genetic resistance to ticks. This study investigated the correlation between haematological cellular profiles and immunological responses (immunoglobulin E, IgE) and full body tick counts in herds of Bos indicus and Bos taurus following artificial tick challenge with Rhipicephalus decoloratus larvae. Fifty-four Friesian and Ayrshire (Bos taurus) and 52 East African Zebu (Bos indicus) calves were each infested with ∼2500 larvae. Near-replete adult female ticks (≥ 4.5 mm) were counted daily from Day 20-25. Blood and serum samples were obtained from each animal on Days 0 and 23 for cellular blood and IgE titre analysis, respectively. The indicine cattle were refractory to R. decoloratus infestation in comparison with the taurine breed (P < 0.0001). Repeated measurements of blood components pre-infestation revealed a significant (P < 0.05) association with tick count in IgE and red blood cells, haematocrit, and haemoglobin post-infestation. There was also a strong positive correlation between the tick counts and red blood cell numbers, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and IgE concentration (P < 0.0001) following tick challenge. The application of this approach to phenotype host resistance needs to be assessed using higher cattle numbers and with different tick species or genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Ngetich
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoological Sciences and Animal Sciences Department, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Lucy Kamau
- Zoological Sciences and Animal Sciences Department, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Jemimah Simbauni
- Zoological Sciences and Animal Sciences Department, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Charles Mwendia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Milton Owido
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Irene Kiio
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Oswald Matika
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, UK
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Sarah Foster
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Michael Birkett
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Appolinaire Djikeng
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kellie Anne Watson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, UK
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Naftaly Githaka
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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Rocha CC, Martins T, Silva FACC, Sponchiado M, Pohler KG, Binelli M. Viperin (RSAD2) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pregnant crossbred beef cows is altered by Bos indicus genetics. Theriogenology 2023; 209:226-233. [PMID: 37437340 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The expression of interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs) in lymphocytes has been used for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. However, among-cow variability has yielded sub-optimal predictive accuracy. We hypothesized that the expression of ISGs (ISG15, OAS1, RSAD2, CLEC3B, and AKR1B1) in early pregnancy varies according to the proportion of Bos indicus (B. indicus) genetics on females. Multiparous cows were classified in three genetic groups, High Angus (HA; n = 45 [0-33% Brahman influence]), Angus-Brahman (AB; n = 30 [34-67%]), and High Brahman (HB; n = 19 [68-100%]) and submitted to a Select-Synch + CIDR protocol. Cows that displayed estrus (n = 94) were artificially inseminated (Day0; D0). On D19, blood samples were collected to obtain peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and measure progesterone (P4) concentrations. On D30, pregnancy diagnosis was performed. The expression of RSAD2 in PBMC of pregnant cows was positively related to the proportion of B. indicus genetics of the groups, but not the expression of ISG15 and OAS1. In pregnant cows, the proportion of B. indicus genetics was negatively associated to circulating levels of P4 concentrations. The P4 concentrations were related positively with RSAD2 expression. ROC curve results determined that for cattle with B. indicus genetics lower than 67%, the CLEC3B and AKR1B1 combination was the most accurate option to predict the outcome of pregnancy. In cows with more than 68% of B. indicus genetics, RSAD2 provided the best accuracy. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the proportion of B. indicus genetics and the ISGs gene expression in PBMC during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences and Brown Loam Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Raymond, MS, USA
| | - Felipe Alves Correa Carvalho Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mariana Sponchiado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ky Garrett Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Bishop LJ, Stutzer C, Maritz-Olivier C. More than Three Decades of Bm86: What We Know and Where to Go. Pathogens 2023; 12:1071. [PMID: 37764879 PMCID: PMC10537462 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick and tick-borne disease control have been a serious research focus for many decades. In a global climate of increasing acaricide resistance, host immunity against tick infestation has become a much-needed complementary strategy to common chemical control. From the earliest acquired resistance studies in small animal models to proof of concept in large production animals, it was the isolation, characterization, and final recombinant protein production of the midgut antigen Bm86 from the Australian cattle tick strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (later reinstated as R. (B.) australis) that established tick subunit vaccines as a viable alternative in tick and tick-borne disease control. In the past 37 years, this antigen has spawned numerous tick subunit vaccines (either Bm86-based or novel), and though we are still describing its molecular structure and function, this antigen remains the gold standard for all tick vaccines. In this paper, advances in tick vaccine development over the past three decades are discussed alongside the development of biotechnology, where existing gaps and future directives in the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Maritz-Olivier
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (L.J.B.); (C.S.)
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Strydom T, Lavan RP, Torres S, Heaney K. The Economic Impact of Parasitism from Nematodes, Trematodes and Ticks on Beef Cattle Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1599. [PMID: 37238028 PMCID: PMC10215612 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Global human population growth requires the consumption of more meat such as beef to meet human needs for protein intake. Cattle parasites are a constant and serious threat to the development of the beef cattle industry. Studies have shown that parasites not only reduce the performance of beef cattle, but also negatively affect the profitability of beef agriculture and have many other impacts, including contributing to the production of greenhouse gases. In addition, some zoonotic parasitic diseases may also threaten human health. Therefore, ongoing cattle parasite research is crucial for continual parasite control and the development of the beef cattle industry. Parasitism challenges profitable beef production by reducing feed efficiency, immune function, reproductive efficiency, liveweight, milk yield, calf yield and carcass weight, and leads to liver condemnations and disease transmission. Globally, beef cattle producers incur billions (US$) in losses due to parasitism annually, with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and cattle ticks causing the greatest economic impact. The enormity of losses justifies parasitic control measures to protect profits and improve animal welfare. Geographical differences in production environment, management practices, climate, cattle age and genotype, parasite epidemiology and susceptibility to chemotherapies necessitate control methods customized for each farm. Appropriate use of anthelmintics, endectocides and acaricides have widely been shown to result in net positive return on investment. Implementing strategic parasite control measures, with thorough knowledge of parasite risk, prevalence, parasiticide resistance profiles and prices can result in positive economic returns for beef cattle farmers in all sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Strydom
- MSD Animal Health, 20 Spartan Road, Isando, Kempton Park 1619, South Africa;
| | - Robert P. Lavan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Siddhartha Torres
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ 07940, USA; (S.T.); (K.H.)
| | - Kathleen Heaney
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ 07940, USA; (S.T.); (K.H.)
- Heaney Veterinary Consulting, 303 Fletcher Lake Avenue, Bradley Beach, NJ 07720, USA
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Raza A, Schulz BL, Nouwens A, Naseem MN, Kamran M, Mantilla Valdivieso EF, Kerr ED, Constantinoiu C, Jonsson NN, James P, Tabor AE. Application of quantitative proteomics to discover biomarkers for tick resistance in cattle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091066. [PMID: 36793724 PMCID: PMC9924087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breeding for tick resistance is a sustainable alternative to control cattle ticks due to widespread resistance to acaricidal drugs and the lack of a protective vaccine. The most accurate method used to characterise the phenotype for tick resistance in field studies is the standard tick count, but this is labour-intensive and can be hazardous to the operator. Efficient genetic selection requires reliable phenotyping or biomarker(s) for accurately identifying tick-resistant cattle. Although breed-specific genes associated with tick resistance have been identified, the mechanisms behind tick resistance have not yet been fully characterised. Methods This study applied quantitative proteomics to examine the differential abundance of serum and skin proteins using samples from naïve tick-resistant and -susceptible Brangus cattle at two-time points following tick exposure. The proteins were digested into peptides, followed by identification and quantification using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry. Results Resistant naïve cattle had a suite of proteins associated with immune response, blood coagulation and wound healing that were significantly (adjusted P < 10- 5) more abundant compared with susceptible naïve cattle. These proteins included complement factors (C3, C4, C4a), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), beta-2-glycoprotein-1, keratins (KRT1 & KRT3) and fibrinogens (alpha & beta). The mass spectrometry findings were validated by identifying differences in the relative abundance of selected serum proteins with ELISA. The proteins showing a significantly different abundance in resistant cattle following early and prolonged tick exposures (compared to resistant naïve) were associated with immune response, blood coagulation, homeostasis, and wound healing. In contrast, susceptible cattle developed some of these responses only after prolonged tick exposure. Discussion Resistant cattle were able to transmigrate immune-response related proteins towards the tick bite sites, which may prevent tick feeding. Significantly differentially abundant proteins identified in this research in resistant naïve cattle may provide a rapid and efficient protective response to tick infestation. Physical barrier (skin integrity and wound healing) mechanisms and systemic immune responses were key contributors to resistance. Immune response-related proteins such as C4, C4a, AGP and CGN1 (naïve samples), CD14, GC and AGP (post-infestation) should be further investigated as potential biomarkers for tick resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Nouwens
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Muhammad Noman Naseem
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily F Mantilla Valdivieso
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Edward D Kerr
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Constantin Constantinoiu
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter James
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ala E Tabor
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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dos Santos CG, Sousa MF, Vieira JIG, de Morais LR, Fernandes AAS, de Oliveira Littiere T, Itajara Otto P, Machado MA, Silva MVGB, Bonafé CM, Braga Magalhães AF, Verardo LL. Candidate genes for tick resistance in cattle: a systematic review combining post-GWAS analyses with sequencing data. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2096035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassiane Gomes dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Mariele Freitas Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - João Inácio Gomes Vieira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Luana Rafaela de Morais
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pamela Itajara Otto
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristina Moreira Bonafé
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Lima Verardo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
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10
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de Melo Júnior¹ RD, Ferreira LL, Zapa¹ DMB, Heller¹ LM, Iuasse¹ HV, Naves¹ RB, Trindade ASN, Gontijo LMDA, Scarpa³ AB, Rodrigues DS, Soares VE, Monteiro CMDO, Lopes WDZ. Population dynamics of Rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cattle: influence of the animal categories and correlation with milk production. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:539-557. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lopes LB, Kamchen SG, Gomes FJ, Natividade U, Magalhães LMD, de Paula Pimenta A, Araujo RN. Influence of silvopastoral systems on gastrointestinal nematode infection and immune response of Nellore heifers under tropical conditions. Vet Parasitol 2022; 309:109765. [PMID: 35870220 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the strategies for integrating crops, livestock, and forestry, silvopastoral systems must be highlighted due to their inherent microclimatic conditions, mainly in tropical countries such as Brazil, where cattle are frequently subjected to unfavorable thermal conditions. However, according to some studies, shading can potentially worsen herds´ parasitism due to better microclimatic condition for the parasites. This study aimed to assess fecal egg count in Nellore heifers reared in two silvopastoral arrangements (pasture with single or triple tree rows), in a crop-livestock system, and open pasture. In the silvopastoral treatment composed of triple rows, lesser parasite burden means were found, with a peak infection in February/March and another in October. Regarding the effect of seasons over the year, there was an environmental influence on the egg counts, with higher averages during the late rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. An immunological investigation of animals from each group showed that cattle kept on the silvopastoral arrangements with either single or triple rows have significantly higher lymphocyte proliferation when stimulated with specific antigens than those kept on open pastures. Based on our results, it can be concluded that both silvopastoral systems were not considered as a risk factor for nematode egg counts in Nellore heifers. Indeed, the shadiest system promoted milder parasitism and higher immunological lymphocyte responses in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Bastos Lopes
- Embrapa Agrosilvopastoral, Embaúbas Av, 567, PO Box 343, 78.550-970 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | | | - Fagner Júnior Gomes
- São Paulo University, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, Department of Animal Science, Pádua Dias Av., 11, 13.418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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12
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Mantilla Valdivieso EF, Ross EM, Raza A, Naseem MN, Kamran M, Hayes BJ, Jonsson NN, James P, Tabor AE. Transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes from Brangus cattle before and after tick challenge with Rhipicephalus australis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:454. [PMID: 35725367 PMCID: PMC9208207 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease emergence and production loss caused by cattle tick infestations have focused attention on genetic selection strategies to breed beef cattle with increased tick resistance. However, the mechanisms behind host responses to tick infestation have not been fully characterised. Hence, this study examined gene expression profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes from tick-naive Brangus steers (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) at 0, 3, and 12 weeks following artificial tick challenge experiments with Rhipicephalus australis larvae. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of tick infestation on host leukocyte response to explore genes associated with the expression of high and low host resistance to ticks. Results Animals with high (HR, n = 5) and low (LR, n = 5) host resistance were identified after repeated tick challenge. A total of 3644 unique differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) were identified in the comparison of tick-exposed (both HR and LR) and tick-naive steers for the 3-week and 12-week infestation period. Enrichment analyses showed genes were involved in leukocyte chemotaxis, coagulation, and inflammatory response. The IL-17 signalling, and cytokine-cytokine interactions pathways appeared to be relevant in protection and immunopathology to tick challenge. Comparison of HR and LR phenotypes at timepoints of weeks 0, 3, and 12 showed there were 69, 8, and 4 differentially expressed genes, respectively. Most of these genes were related to immune, tissue remodelling, and angiogenesis functions, suggesting this is relevant in the development of resistance or susceptibility to tick challenge. Conclusions This study showed the effect of tick infestation on Brangus cattle with variable phenotypes of host resistance to R. australis ticks. Steers responded to infestation by expressing leukocyte genes related to chemotaxis, cytokine secretion, and inflammatory response. The altered expression of genes from the bovine MHC complex in highly resistant animals at pre- and post- infestation stages also supports the relevance of this genomic region for disease resilience. Overall, this study offers a resource of leukocyte gene expression data on matched tick-naive and tick-infested steers relevant for the improvement of tick resistance in composite cattle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08686-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Mantilla Valdivieso
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth M Ross
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ali Raza
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Muhammad Noman Naseem
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ben J Hayes
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Peter James
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ala E Tabor
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia. .,The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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13
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Felippelli G, Teixeira WFP, Gomes LVC, Maciel WG, Cruz BC, Buzzulini C, dos Santos TR, Ferreira LL, Soares VE, Rodrigues DC, Monteiro CMDO, da Costa AJ, Lopes WDZ. Tick infestation level interferes with spray formulation (organophosphate + pyrethroid) efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Genome variation in tick infestation and cryptic divergence in Tunisian indigenous sheep. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:167. [PMID: 35227193 PMCID: PMC8883713 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites considered second to mosquitos as vectors and reservoirs of multiple pathogens of global concern. Individual variation in tick infestation has been reported in indigenous sheep, but its genetic control remains unknown. Results Here, we report 397 genome-wide signatures of selection overlapping 991 genes from the analysis, using ROH, LR-GWAS, XP-EHH, and FST, of 600 K SNP genotype data from 165 Tunisian sheep showing high and low levels of tick infestations and piroplasm infections. We consider 45 signatures that are detected by consensus results of at least two methods as high-confidence selection regions. These spanned 104 genes which included immune system function genes, solute carriers and chemokine receptor. One region spanned STX5, that has been associated with tick resistance in cattle, implicating it as a prime candidate in sheep. We also observed RAB6B and TF in a high confidence candidate region that has been associated with growth traits suggesting natural selection is enhancing growth and developmental stability under tick challenge. The analysis also revealed fine-scale genome structure indicative of cryptic divergence in Tunisian sheep. Conclusions Our findings provide a genomic reference that can enhance the understanding of the genetic architecture of tick resistance and cryptic divergence in indigenous African sheep. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08321-1.
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15
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Ferreira Leal B, Sanchez Ferreira CA. Ticks and antibodies: May parasite density and tick evasion influence the outcomes following immunization protocols? Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109610. [PMID: 34735848 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are a major concern to human health and livestock worldwide, being responsible for economic losses that go beyond billions of US dollars per year. This scenario instigates the development of vaccines against these ectoparasites, emphasized by the fact that the main method of controlling ticks still relies on the use of acaricides, what increases costs and may affect the environment as well as human and animal health. The first commercial vaccines against ectoparasites were produced against the tick Rhipicephalus microplus and their efficacy were based on antibodies. Many additional attempts have been conducted to produce protective immune responses against ticks by immunization with specific antigens and the antibody response has usually been the main target of evaluation. But some controversy still populates the roles possibly performed by humoral responses in tick-mammalian host relationships. This review focuses on the analysis of specific aspects concerning antibodies and ticks, especially the influence of parasite density and evasion/modulation. The immunization trials already described against R. microplus were also compiled and analyzed based on the characteristics of the molecules tested, protocols of immunization and tick challenge. Within these issues, it is discussed if or when antibody levels can be directly correlated with the development of tick resistance, and whether anti-tick protective immune responses generated by infestations may become ineffective under a different tick density. Also, higher titers of antibodies can be correlated with protection or susceptibility to tick infestations, what may be altered following continuous or repeated infestations and differ greatly comparing hosts with distinct genetic backgrounds. Regarding evasion, ticks present a sophisticated mechanism for dealing with antibodies, including Immunoglobulin Binding Proteins (IGBPs), that capture, transport and inject them back into the host, while keeping their properties within the parasite. The comparison of immunization protocols shows a total of 22 molecules already tested in cattle vaccination trials against R. microplus, with the predominance of concealed and dual antigens as well as marked differences in tick challenge schemes. The presence of an antibody evasion apparatus and variable levels of tick resistance when facing different densities of parasites are concerns that should be considered when testing vaccine candidates. Ultimately, more refinement may be necessary to effectively design a cocktail vaccine with tick molecules, which may be needed to be altered and combined in non-competing immune contexts to be universally secure and protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ferreira Leal
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alexandre Sanchez Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Kawecka-Grochocka E, Zalewska M, Rzewuska M, Kościuczuk E, Ząbek T, Sakowski T, Marczak S, Bagnicka E. Expression of cytokines in dairy cattle mammary gland parenchyma during chronic staphylococcal infection. Vet Res 2021; 52:132. [PMID: 34663465 PMCID: PMC8522155 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to determine the expression of genes potentially related to chronic mastitis at the mRNA and protein levels, viz. chemokine C–C motif receptor 1 (CCR1), C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C–C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 18 (IL-18), in bovine mammary gland parenchyma. The study examines the differences in expression of selected genes between cows with chronic mastitis caused by coagulase-positive (CoPS) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and those with healthy udders (H). Samples were collected from the udder quarters from 40 Polish Holstein–Friesian cows; 54 of these samples were chosen for analysis based on microbiological analysis of milk taken two days before slaughter. They were categorized into three groups: CoPS (N = 27), CoNS (N = 14) and H (N = 13). The RNA expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and protein concentration by ELISA. No differences in the mRNA levels of seven genes (TNFα, IL-18, CCR1, IL-1β, CCL2, IL-8, IL-6) and four proteins (TNFα, IL-18, CCR1, IL-1β) were identified between the CoPS and H groups. Higher transcript levels of CXCL5 (p ≤ 0.05) gene were noted in CoPS than in H. Compared to H, higher concentrations of IL-8 and CXCL5 (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in CoPS (0.05 < p < 0.1) and CCL2 (0.05 < p < 0.1) in CoNS, while lower levels of Il-6 were found in CoPS. This may suggest that during chronic mastitis the organism stops producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, probably to protect the host tissues against their damage during prolonged infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kawecka-Grochocka
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, Postepu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166f, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zalewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166f, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kościuczuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, Postepu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland.,Present Address: Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tomasz Ząbek
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sakowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, Postepu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Sylwester Marczak
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, Postepu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology PAS, Postepu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland.
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17
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Ndawula C. From Bench to Field: A Guide to Formulating and Evaluating Anti-Tick Vaccines Delving beyond Efficacy to Effectiveness. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101185. [PMID: 34696291 PMCID: PMC8539545 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are ubiquitous blood-sucking ectoparasites capable of transmitting a wide range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi to animals and humans. Although the use of chemicals (acaricides) is the predominant method of tick-control, there are increasing incidents of acaricide tick resistance. Furthermore, there are concerns over accumulation of acaricide residues in meat, milk and in the environment. Therefore, alternative methods of tick-control have been proposed, of which anti-tick cattle vaccination is regarded as sustainable and user-friendly. Over the years, tremendous progress has been made in identifying and evaluating novel candidate tick vaccines, yet none of them have reached the global market. Until now, Bm86-based vaccines (Gavac™ in Cuba and TickGARDPLUS™ Australia-ceased in 2010) are still the only globally commercialized anti-tick vaccines. In contrast to Bm86, often, the novel candidate anti-tick vaccines show a lower protection efficacy. Why is this so? In response, herein, the potential bottlenecks to formulating efficacious anti-tick vaccines are examined. Aside from Bm86, the effectiveness of other anti-tick vaccines is rarely assessed. So, how can the researchers assess anti-tick vaccine effectiveness before field application? The approaches that are currently used to determine anti-tick vaccine efficacy are re-examined in this review. In addition, a model is proposed to aid in assessing anti-tick vaccine effectiveness. Finally, based on the principles for the development of general veterinary vaccines, a pipeline is proposed to guide in the development of anti-tick vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ndawula
- National Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 295, Entebbe, Wakiso 256, Uganda;
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Vaccinology Research Programme, P.O. Box 5704, Nakyesasa, Wakiso 256, Uganda
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18
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Jonsson NN, Cox DK, Piper EK, Valdivieso EFM, Constantinoiu C, Jackson LA, Stear MJ, Ross EM, Tabor AE. Allelic Variation in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type-C in Cattle Influences Erythrocyte, Leukocyte and Humoral Responses to Infestation With the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus australis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675979. [PMID: 34305905 PMCID: PMC8300432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type-C (PTPRC) gene encodes the common leukocyte antigen (CD45) receptor. CD45 affects cell adhesion, migration, cytokine signalling, cell development, and activation state. Four families of the gene have been identified in cattle: a taurine group (Family 1), two indicine groups (Families 2 and 4) and an African “taurindicine” group (Family 3). Host resistance in cattle to infestation with ticks is moderately heritable and primarily manifests as prevention of attachment and feeding by larvae. This study was conducted to describe the effects of PTPRC genotype on immune-response phenotypes in cattle that display a variable immune responsiveness to ticks. Thirty tick-naïve Santa-Gertrudis cattle (a stabilized composite of 5/8 taurine and 3/8 indicine) were artificially infested with ticks weekly for 13 weeks and ranked according to their tick counts. Blood samples were taken from control and tick-challenged cattle immediately before, then at 21 d after infestation and each subsequent week for 9 weeks. Assays included erythrocyte profiles, white blood cell counts, the percentage of cellular subsets comprising the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population, and the ability of PBMC to recognize and proliferate in response to stimulation with tick antigens in vitro. The cattle were PTPRC genotyped using a RFLP assay that differentiated Family 1 and 3 together (220 bp), from Family 2 (462 bp), and from Family 4 (486 bp). The PTPRC allele frequencies were Family 1/3 = 0.34; Family 2 = 0.47; Family 4 = 0.19. There was no significant association between PTPRC genotype and tick count. Each copy of the Family 1/3 allele significantly decreased total leucocyte count (WCC) and CD8+ cells. Increasing dosage of Family 2 alleles significantly increased red blood cell count (RCC), haematocrit (PCV), and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood. Increasing dosage of the Family 4 allele was associated with increased WCC, reduced RCC, reduced PCV and reduced Hb. Homozygote Family 1/3 animals had consistently lower IgG1 in response to tick Ag than homozygote Family 2 animals. The PTPRC genotype influences the bovine immune response to ticks but was not associated with the observed variation in resistance to tick infestation in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David K Cox
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily K Piper
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emily F Mantilla Valdivieso
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Constantin Constantinoiu
- College of Public Health, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Louise A Jackson
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Stear
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Ross
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ala E Tabor
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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19
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van Oosterwijk JG, Wikel SK. Resistance to Ticks and the Path to Anti-Tick and Transmission Blocking Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:725. [PMID: 34358142 PMCID: PMC8310300 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical and veterinary public health importance of ticks and tick-borne pathogens is increasing due to the expansion of the geographic ranges of both ticks and pathogens, increasing tick populations, growing incidence of tick-borne diseases, emerging tick transmitted pathogens, and continued challenges of achieving effective and sustained tick control. The past decades show an increasing interest in the immune-mediated control of tick infestations and pathogen transmission through the use of vaccines. Bovine tick resistance induced by repeated infestations was reported over a century ago. This review addresses the phenomena and immunological underpinning of resistance to tick infestation by livestock and laboratory animals; the scope of tick countermeasures to host immune defenses; and the impact of genomics, functional genomics, and proteomics on dissecting complex tick-host-pathogen interactions. From early studies utilizing tick tissue extracts to salivary gland derived molecules and components of physiologically important pathways in tick gut and other tissues, an increased understanding of these relationships, over time, impacted the evolution of anti-tick vaccine antigen selection. Novel antigens continue to emerge, including increased interest in the tick microbiome. Anti-tick and transmission blocking vaccines targeting pathogen reservoirs have the potential to disrupt enzootic cycles and reduce human, companion, domestic animal, and wildlife exposure to infected ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen K. Wikel
- US Biologic Inc., 20 Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT 06518, USA
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20
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Kitsou C, Fikrig E, Pal U. Tick host immunity: vector immunomodulation and acquired tick resistance. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:554-574. [PMID: 34074602 PMCID: PMC10089699 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ticks have an unparalleled ability to parasitize diverse land vertebrates. Their natural persistence and vector competence are supported by the evolution of sophisticated hematophagy and remarkable host immune-evasion activities. We analyze the immunomodulatory roles of tick saliva which facilitates their acquisition of a blood meal from natural hosts and allows pathogen transmission. We also discuss the contrasting immunological events of tick-host associations in non-reservoir or incidental hosts, in which the development of acquired tick resistance can deter tick attachment. A critical appraisal of the intricate immunobiology of tick-host associations can plant new seeds of innovative research and contribute to the development of novel preventive strategies against ticks and tick-transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Kitsou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD, USA.
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21
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Cardoso FF, Matika O, Djikeng A, Mapholi N, Burrow HM, Yokoo MJI, Campos GS, Gulias-Gomes CC, Riggio V, Pong-Wong R, Engle B, Porto-Neto L, Maiwashe A, Hayes BJ. Multiple Country and Breed Genomic Prediction of Tick Resistance in Beef Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620847. [PMID: 34248929 PMCID: PMC8261042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks cause substantial production losses for beef and dairy cattle. Cattle resistance to ticks is one of the most important factors affecting tick control, but largely neglected due to the challenge of phenotyping. In this study, we evaluate the pooling of tick resistance phenotyped reference populations from multi-country beef cattle breeds to assess the possibility of improving host resistance through multi-trait genomic selection. Data consisted of tick counts or scores assessing the number of female ticks at least 4.5 mm length and derived from seven populations, with breed, country, number of records and genotyped/phenotyped animals being respectively: Angus (AN), Brazil, 2,263, 921/1,156, Hereford (HH), Brazil, 6,615, 1,910/2,802, Brangus (BN), Brazil, 2,441, 851/851, Braford (BO), Brazil, 9,523, 3,062/4,095, Tropical Composite (TC), Australia, 229, 229/229, Brahman (BR), Australia, 675, 675/675, and Nguni (NG), South Africa, 490, 490/490. All populations were genotyped using medium density Illumina SNP BeadChips and imputed to a common high-density panel of 332,468 markers. The mean linkage disequilibrium (LD) between adjacent SNPs varied from 0.24 to 0.37 across populations and so was sufficient to allow genomic breeding values (GEBV) prediction. Correlations of LD phase between breeds were higher between composites and their founder breeds (0.81 to 0.95) and lower between NG and the other breeds (0.27 and 0.35). There was wide range of estimated heritability (0.05 and 0.42) and genetic correlation (-0.01 and 0.87) for tick resistance across the studied populations, with the largest genetic correlation observed between BN and BO. Predictive ability was improved under the old-young validation for three of the seven populations using a multi-trait approach compared to a single trait within-population prediction, while whole and partial data GEBV correlations increased in all cases, with relative improvements ranging from 3% for BO to 64% for TC. Moreover, the multi-trait analysis was useful to correct typical over-dispersion of the GEBV. Results from this study indicate that a joint genomic evaluation of AN, HH, BN, BO and BR can be readily implemented to improve tick resistance of these populations using selection on GEBV. For NG and TC additional phenotyping will be required to obtain accurate GEBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oswald Matika
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Appolinaire Djikeng
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ntanganedzeni Mapholi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Heather M Burrow
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Riggio
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Pong-Wong
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bailey Engle
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Laercio Porto-Neto
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Ben J Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Raza A, Schulz BL, Nouwens A, Jackson LA, Piper EK, James P, Jonsson NN, Tabor AE. Serum proteomes of Santa Gertrudis cattle before and after infestation with Rhipicephalus australis ticks. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12836. [PMID: 33843060 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have applied genomics and transcriptomics to identify immune and genetic markers as key indicator traits for cattle tick susceptibility/resistance; however, results differed between breeds, and there is lack of information on the use of host proteomics. Serum samples from Santa Gertrudis cattle (naïve and phenotyped over 105 days as tick-resistant [TR] or tick-susceptible [TS]) were used to conduct differential abundance analyses of protein profiles. Serum proteins were digested into peptides followed by identification and quantification using sequential window acquisition of all instances of theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry. Before tick infestation, abundance of 28 proteins differed significantly (adjusted P < 10-5 ) between TR and TS. These differences were also observed following tick infestation (TR vs TS) with a further eight differentially abundant proteins in TR cattle, suggesting possible roles in adaptive responses. The intragroup comparisons (TS-0 vs TS and TR-0 vs TR) showed that tick infestation elicited quite similar responses in both groups of cattle, but with relatively stronger responses in TR cattle. Many of the significantly differentially abundant proteins in TR Santa Gertrudis cattle (before and after tick infestation) were associated with immune responses including complement factors, chemotaxis for immune cells and acute-phase responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Amanda Nouwens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Lousie A Jackson
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Emily K Piper
- Global Genetics Laboratory Operations and Customer Support, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Peter James
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- The University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ala E Tabor
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Tick Infestation and Piroplasm Infection in Barbarine and Queue Fine de l'Ouest Autochthonous Sheep Breeds in Tunisia, North Africa. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030839. [PMID: 33809606 PMCID: PMC8001609 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As ticks and tick-borne pathogens affect the productivity of livestock, searching for genetically resistant breeds to infestation by ticks may represent an alternative to the overuse of chemical drugs. The aim of this study was to assess if there is a difference in tick infestation among the main sheep breeds in Tunisia. The study was carried out between April 2018 and January 2020 in 17 small to middle-sized sheep flocks from 3 regions across Tunisia. Four hundred and thirty-nine ear-tagged ewes from Barbarine (n = 288, 65.6%) and Queue Fine de l'Ouest (QFO) (n = 151, 34.4%) breeds were examined and sampled each trimester. Ticks were identified to the species level, and piroplasms were detected using PCR that targets a common sequence ARNr18S to both Babesia and Theileria genera using catch-all primers. Totally, 707 adult ticks were collected from animals; 91.4% (646/707) of them were Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. Queue Fine de l'Ouest animals were markedly less infested by ticks, and no one of them was infected by piroplasms compared to the Barbarine breed. Indeed, during the first four seasons, 21 animals, all from the Barbarine breed, were detected positive for piroplasms. This is the first study in Tunisia about the low susceptibility of QFO ewes to infestation by ticks and to infection by piroplasms. The QFO sheep breed could be raised preferably at high-risk areas of tick occurrence and could be considered in concrete control strategies, including a breeding program.
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Zhang GW, Wang L, Huang D, Chen H, Li B, Wu Y, Zhang J, Jiang A, Zhang J, Zuo F. Inheritance patterns of leukocyte gene expression under heat stress in F 1 hybrid cattle and their parents. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10321-10331. [PMID: 32896393 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crossbreeding capitalizes on heterosis effects and results in increased performance of crossbred animals. Dominance hypothesis and overdominance hypothesis are 2 common models proposed to explain heterosis. Differential gene expression between parents and hybrids is hypothesized to be responsible for heterosis. This study aimed to investigate the heat tolerance and inheritance patterns of leukocyte transcriptomics in F1 hybrid cattle (Angus males × Droughtmaster females) and their parents Red Angus (AN) and Droughtmaster (DR) under heat stress. According to the respiratory rate and heat tolerance coefficient index, DR was better adapted to heat stress than AN. The physiological responses to heat stress of F1 hybrids were similar to AN. We identified 802 differentially expressed genes in leukocytes between AN and DR under heat stress using mRNA sequencing. Compared with AN, upregulated genes in DR were enriched in biological processes of response to stress, external and chemical stimulus, and cytokine, cell surface receptor signaling pathway, and cardiovascular system development. In contrast, upregulated genes in AN were enriched in B cell activation and regulation of B cell activation. Gene expression levels can be inherited additively or nonadditively and are classified into additive (35%), dominance (44%), and overdominance and underdominance (18%) modes in F1 hybrids and their parents. Inheritance patterns of gene expression showed that 97% (249/255) of the dominant genes were classified as paternal AN dominant in hybrids. The paternal imprinted PEG10 gene and its regulatory transcription factor MYC showed an AN dominant expression pattern. The MYC interacted with most AN dominant genes. These transcriptomic analyses revealed that DR and AN had specific cellular and humoral immunity and cardiovascular systems development function under heat stress. Inheritance pattern analyses from gene expression partly explained phenotypic differences between parents and F1 hybrids. The paternal imprinted PEG10 gene interaction with transcription factor MYC may contribute to explaining paternal dominant gene expression in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460.
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Dejun Huang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Huiyou Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Baisen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Yuhui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - An Jiang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Jian Zhang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Fuyuan Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460.
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Robbertse L, Richards SA, Stutzer C, Olivier NA, Leisewitz AL, Crafford JE, Maritz-Olivier C. Temporal analysis of the bovine lymph node transcriptome during cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) infestation. Vaccine 2020; 38:6889-6898. [PMID: 32900540 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Livestock production is a fundamental source of revenue and nutrition, wherein cattle-farming constitutes one of the major agricultural industries. Vectors and vector-borne diseases constitute one of the major factors that decrease the livelihood of all farming communities, more so in resource-poor communities and developing countries. Understanding the immunological responses during tick infestation in cattle is instrumental in the development of novel and improved tick control strategies, such as vaccines. In this study, gene expression patterns were compared within the lymph nodes of three cattle breeds at different life stages of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. For Bonsmara (5/8Bos taurus indicus × 3/8B. t. taurus) cattle specifically, some 183 genes were found to be differentially expressed within the lymph nodes during larval and adult tick feeding, relative to uninfested cattle. Overall, the data provides evidence for a transcriptional regulatory network that is activated during immature tick infestation, but is down-regulated towards basal transcriptional levels when adult ticks are feeding. Specific processes in the lymph nodes of Bonsmara cattle were found to be differentially regulated on a transcriptional level. These include: (1) Leukocyte recruitment to the lymph node via chemokines and chemotaxis, (2) Trans-endothelial and intranodal movement on the reticular network, (3) Active regulation of cellular transcription and translation in the lymph node (including leukocyte associated cellular regulatory networks) and (4) Chemokine receptors regulating the movement of cells out of the lymph node. This work provides a first transcriptome analysis of bovine lymph node responses in tick-infested cattle. Findings show a dynamic immune response to tick infestation for the Bonsmara cattle breed, and that suppression of the maturation of the cattle hosts' immunity is especially evident during the larval feeding stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luïse Robbertse
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sabine A Richards
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christian Stutzer
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicholas A Olivier
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; ACGT Microarray Facility, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew L Leisewitz
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jan E Crafford
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine Maritz-Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Cavani L, Braz CU, Giglioti R, Okino CH, Gulias-Gomes CC, Caetano AR, Oliveira MCDS, Cardoso FF, de Oliveira HN. Genomic Study of Babesia bovis Infection Level and Its Association With Tick Count in Hereford and Braford Cattle. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1905. [PMID: 33013839 PMCID: PMC7493685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa and leads to substantial economic losses for the livestock industry throughout the world. Babesia bovis is considered the most pathogenic species, which causes bovine babesiosis in Brazil. Genomic data could be used to evaluate the viability of improving resistance against B. bovis infection level (IB) through genomic selection, and, for that, knowledge of genetic parameters is needed. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could be conducted to provide a better understanding of the genetic basis of the host response to B. bovis infection. No previous work in quantitative genetics of B. bovis infection was found. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic correlation between IB and tick count (TC), evaluate predictive ability and applicability of genomic selection, and perform GWAS in Hereford and Braford cattle. The single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method was used, which allows the estimation of both breeding values and marker effects. Standard phenotyping was conducted for both traits. IB quantifications from the blood of 1,858 animals were carried using quantitative PCR assays. For TC, one to three subsequent tick counts were performed by manually counting adult female ticks on one side of each animal's body that was naturally exposed to ticks. Animals were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 panel. The posterior mean of IB heritability, estimated by the Bayesian animal model in a bivariate analysis, was low (0.10), and the estimations of genetic correlation between IB and TC were also low (0.15). The cross-validation genomic prediction accuracy for IB ranged from 0.18 to 0.35 and from 0.29 to 0.32 using k-means and random clustering, respectively, suggesting that genomic predictions could be used as a tool to improve genetics for IB, especially if a larger training population is developed. The top 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms from the GWAS explained 5.04% of total genetic variance for IB, which were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 17, 18, 16, 24, and 26. Some candidate genes participate in immunity system pathways indicating that those genes are involved in resistance to B. bovis in cattle. Although the genetic correlation between IB and TC was weak, some candidate genes for IB were also reported in tick infestation studies, and they were also involved in biological resistance processes. This study contributes to improving genetic knowledge regarding infection by B. bovis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Cavani
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila Urbano Braz
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil
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Martins KR, Garcia MV, Bonatte-Junior P, Duarte PO, de Higa LOS, Csordas BG, Barros JC, Andreotti R. Correlation between Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and Anaplasma marginale infection in various cattle breeds in Brazil. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:585-598. [PMID: 32681278 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tick Rhipicephalus microplus is responsible for the transmission of Anaplasma marginale, which causes hemolytic anemia, abortion, decreased production, and mortality in cattle in Brazil. However, A. marginale can also persist in cattle herds without any clinical signs. This study investigated the relationship between the number of ticks present on each cattle and the circulating number of A. marginale msp1β gene copies in the blood of Brangus and Nellore cattle reared in the Brazilian Cerrado through a year period. Twenty-three animals (11 Brangus and 12 Nellore) were raised for 12 months with ticks counted every 18 days, and blood collected every 36 days. Blood sera was used for total antigen iELISA, genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood by the phenol/chloroform method and then analyzed by PCR to confirm A. marginale presence with the msp5 gene. Positive samples were quantified by qPCR using msp1β gene. Brangus cattle presented 4.5 fold more ticks than Nellore group. Although Brangus cattle carried a higher overall A. marginale msp1β gene presence than Nellore cattle, no relationship of tick count and copy number could be achieved due to high variability in copy number. Moreover, both breeds showed similar weight gain and a similar serological pattern throughout the year. None of the animals showed any clinical signs of anaplasmosis during the experimental period, indicating that a low level of tick infestation may be sufficient to maintain a stable enzootic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Rodriguez Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Valério Garcia
- Bolsista DCR, Fundapam - Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul/Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulino Bonatte-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pãmella Oliveira Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Oliveira Souza de Higa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Guimarães Csordas
- Bolsista DCR, Fundapam - Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul/Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Avenida Radio Maia, 830, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Avenida Radio Maia, 830, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Gutmanis G, Luciani GF, Azevedo BT, de Carvalho Fiorin CF, de Andrade MF, Silva MAF, Vercesi Filho AE, Katiki LM, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC, Veríssimo CJ. Correlations and repeatability between Babesia spp. infection levels using two dairy cattle breeding systems. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:599-607. [PMID: 32676999 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina are tick-transmitted piroplasms that cause severe damage to the livestock industry in tropical regions of the world. Recent studies demonstrated differences in infection levels of these haemoparasites among bovine breeds and variation between individual cows regarding resistance to these diseases. This study aimed to estimate the repeatability and correlations between B. bovis and B. bigemina using two cattle breeding systems, an individual system (IS) and a collective paddock system (CPS). All animals were Holstein breed, and the levels of B. bovis and B. bigemina in blood samples were estimated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The estimated correlations for the B. bigemina and B. bovis DNA copy number for IS and CPS were moderate and high, respectively, whereas repeatability estimates for both systems and both Babesia species were moderate. Although we cannot infer that the type of rearing system directly influenced the correlation and repeatability coefficients, it appears that the bovine parasitemia burden may be dependent on (or determine) the parasitemia burden on ticks because the bovines remained in the same place for a longer time in both systems. Thus, the babesiosis infection levels of the ticks may have been uniform, a phenomenon that also ensures greater uniformity in cattle infection. This factor may have favored the occurrence of infected ticks leading to higher repeatability estimates and correlations. Our study confirms high variability in resistance/susceptibility between breeds, and the high correlations found may be linked to this characteristic and the most intensive breeding type of dairy cattle. Besides, under the present study conditions, the estimated correlations suggest that measuring an infection level of one Babesia species can predict the level of infection of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil.
| | | | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecília José Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
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30
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Marima JK, Nel CL, Marufu MC, Jonsson NN, Dube B, Dzama K. A genetic and immunological comparison of tick-resistance in beef cattle following artificial infestation with Rhipicephalus ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 80:569-590. [PMID: 32185559 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Host resistance to ticks can be explored as a possible approach of combating tick infestations to complement the existing unsustainable tick control methods. Thirty-six beef cattle animals were used, consisting of Angus, Brahman and Nguni breeds, with each breed contributing 12 animals. Half of the animals per breed were artificially challenged with Rhipicephalus microplus and the other half with R. decoloratus unfed larvae per animal. Skin biopsies and blood samples were collected pre-infestation and 12 h post-infestation from the feeding sites of visibly engorging ticks. The success rate of the ticks was high and had an influence even at the early time point. Increased lymphocytes and blood urea nitrogen levels as well as decreased levels of segmented neutrophils were observed in the Angus, which were the opposite of those in the Brahman and Nguni. The increase in cholesterol, which was highest in the Angus and lowest in the Nguni, may be due to altered protein metabolism. The expression profiles of genes TRAF6, TBP, LUM and B2M were significantly different among breeds. Five genes (CCR1, TLR5, TRAF6, TBP, BDA20) had increased or constant expression post-infestation, whereas the expression of CXCL8, IL-10 and TNF-α decreased or remained the same after tick challenge. Genes that showed variation are involved in discouraging long-term supply of blood meal to the tick and those associated with immune responses. The gene LUM is a potential biomarker for tick resistance in cattle. The response to infestation by the breeds was consistent across the tick species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Marima
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - C L Nel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - M C Marufu
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X4, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - N N Jonsson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, G61 1QH, UK
| | - B Dube
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Council - Animal Production, Private Bag X2, Irene, 0062, South Africa
| | - K Dzama
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Fan P, Bian B, Teng L, Nelson CD, Driver J, Elzo MA, Jeong KC. Host genetic effects upon the early gut microbiota in a bovine model with graduated spectrum of genetic variation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:302-317. [PMID: 31624342 PMCID: PMC6908690 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple synergistic factors affect the development and composition of mammalian gut microbiota, but effects of host genetics remain unclear. To illuminate the role of host genetics on gut microbiota, we employed animals with a graduated spectrum of genetic variation with minimal environmental influences. We bred 228 calves with linearly varying breed composition from 100% Angus (Bos taurus) to 100% Brahman (Bos indicus), as a proxy for genetic variation, and then raised the offspring in the same environment with identical diets. We hypothesized each breed would harbor distinct gut microbiota due to genetic influence. We found that the gut microbiota of preweaning calves at 3 months old is significantly affected by host genetics, profoundly by paternal genome. We also demonstrate that single nucleotide polymorphisms in host mucin-encoding genes, critical for gut mucosal health, are significantly correlated with both breed composition and mucin-degrading gut bacteria. We further demonstrate host genetics indirectly changes gut microbiota composition via microbe-microbe interactions. These findings indicate a strong contribution by host genetics in shaping the gut microbiota during early life stages, shedding light on impact of animal breeding on gut microbiota, which is associated with animal growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Fan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Beilei Bian
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lin Teng
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - J Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kwangcheol C Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Moré DD, Cardoso FF, Mudadu MA, Malagó-Jr W, Gulias-Gomes CC, Sollero BP, Ibelli AMG, Coutinho LL, Regitano LCA. Network analysis uncovers putative genes affecting resistance to tick infestation in Braford cattle skin. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:998. [PMID: 31856720 PMCID: PMC6923859 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic resistance in cattle is considered a suitable way to control tick burden and its consequent losses for livestock production. Exploring tick-resistant (R) and tick-susceptible (S) hosts, we investigated the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation of Braford resistance to tick infestation. Skin biopsies from four-times-artificially infested R (n = 20) and S (n = 19) hosts, obtained before the first and 24 h after the fourth tick infestation were submitted to RNA-Sequencing. Differential gene expression, functional enrichment, and network analysis were performed to identify genetic pathways and transcription factors (TFs) affecting host resistance. Results Intergroup comparisons of hosts before (Rpre vs. Spre) and after (Rpost vs. Spost) tick infestation found 51 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which almost all presented high variation (TopDEGs), and 38 were redundant genes. Gene expression was consistently different between R and S hosts, suggesting the existence of specific anti-tick mechanisms. In the intragroup comparisons, Rpost vs. Rpre and Spost vs. Spre, we found more than two thousand DEGs in response to tick infestation in both resistance groups. Redundant and non-redundant TopDEGs with potential anti-tick functions suggested a role in the development of different levels of resistance within the same breed. Leukocyte chemotaxis was over-represented in both hosts, whereas skin degradation and remodeling were only found in TopDEGs from R hosts. Also, these genes indicated the participation of cytokines, such as IL6 and IL22, and the activation of Wingless (WNT)-signaling pathway. A central gene of this pathway, WNT7A, was consistently modulated when hosts were compared. Moreover, the findings based on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) corroborate the prediction of the WNT-signaling pathway as a candidate mechanism of resistance. The regulation of immune response was the most relevant pathway predicted for S hosts. Members of Ap1 and NF-kB families were the most relevant TFs predicted for R and S, respectively. Conclusion This work provides indications of genetic mechanisms presented by Braford cattle with different levels of resistance in response to tick infestation, contributing to the search of candidate genes for tick resistance in bovine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando F Cardoso
- EMBRAPA Pecuária Sul, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Utsunomiya YT, Milanesi M, Fortes MRS, Porto-Neto LR, Utsunomiya ATH, Silva MVGB, Garcia JF, Ajmone-Marsan P. Genomic clues of the evolutionary history of Bos indicus cattle. Anim Genet 2019; 50:557-568. [PMID: 31475748 DOI: 10.1111/age.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Together with their sister subspecies Bos taurus, zebu cattle (Bos indicus) have contributed to important socioeconomic changes that have shaped modern civilizations. Zebu cattle were domesticated in the Indus Valley 8000 years before present (YBP). From the domestication site, they expanded to Africa, East Asia, southwestern Asia and Europe between 4000 and 1300 YBP, intercrossing with B. taurus to form clinal variations of zebu ancestry across the landmass of Afro-Eurasia. In the past 150 years, zebu cattle reached the Americas and Oceania, where they have contributed to the prosperity of emerging economies. The zebu genome is characterized by two mitochondrial haplogroups (I1 and I2), one Y chromosome haplogroup (Y3) and three major autosomal ancestral groups (Indian-Pakistani, African and Chinese). Phenotypically, zebu animals are recognized by their hump, large ears and excess skin. They are rustic, resilient to parasites and capable of bearing the hot and humid climates of the tropics. Many resources are available to study the zebu genome, including commercial arrays of SNP, reference assemblies and publicly available genotypes and whole-genome sequences. Nevertheless, many of these resources were initially developed to support research and subsidize industrial applications in B. taurus, and therefore they can produce bias in data analysis. The combination of genomics with precision agriculture holds great promise for the identification of genetic variants affecting economically important traits such as tick resistance and heat tolerance, which were naturally selected for millennia and played a major role in the evolution of B. indicus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Utsunomiya
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Milanesi
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M R S Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Bld, 68 Cooper Rd, Brisbane, 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - L R Porto-Neto
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia QLD, Brisbane, 4067, Qld, Australia
| | - A T H Utsunomiya
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M V G B Silva
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, 360381330, Brazil
| | - J F Garcia
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - P Ajmone-Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti-DIANA and BioDNA, Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
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de Araújo FF, Ronda JB, Bittar ER, Venturini GC, Garcia GC, Martins-Filho OA, Silva Araújo MS, Figueiredo Bittar JF. Distinct immune response profile during rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus infestations of guzerat dairy herd according to the maternal lineage ancestry (mitochondrial DNA). Vet Parasitol 2019; 273:36-44. [PMID: 31442891 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks cause major constraints to public and livestock health, and serious economic losses. It is well known that the immune response to infestations with cattle ticks is influenced by the host genetic background leading to distinct immunological profiles between bovine hosts genetically susceptible and resistant. The influence of Bos indicus (Bi) and Bos taurus (Bt) maternal lineage ancestry of mitochondrial DNA in the profile of the immune response of Zebu cattle to ticks remains unknown. The present work evaluated the hematological parameters and the immune response profile in the peripheral blood of a Guzerat dairy herd, further categorized into two maternal lineage ancestry subgroups (Bi-mtDNA and Bt-mtDNA) after experimental infestation with larvae of R. microplus. Our data demonstrated that although hematological and erythrogram analysis showed a similar profile throughout, some cell populations present a distinct profile between the groups. Especially MON, CD335+ and CD8+ T-cells are predominant in Bi-mtDNA. Moreover, an overall picture of R. microplus infestation demonstrated that Bi-mtDNA presented a more efficient and earlier innate immune response. Bi-mtDNA showed a greater number of connections with R. microplus counts and also with the CD25+ activation marker of the immune response. Bi-mtDNA showed greater number of connections, with an important participation of the innate immune while Bt-mtDNA showed a delay in the immune response. Elucidating the mechanisms by which resistant animals prevent heavy tick infestation is a crucial step in the development of predictive biomarkers for tick resistance for use in selective breeding programs, and is also potentially useful for the development of anti-tick vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fortes de Araújo
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nene Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima nº 1715, 30190-009, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bergamo Ronda
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nene Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Eustáquio Resende Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nene Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Costa Venturini
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nene Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Caetano Garcia
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nene Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima nº 1715, 30190-009, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima nº 1715, 30190-009, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Joely Ferreira Figueiredo Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nene Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Burrow HM, Mans BJ, Cardoso FF, Birkett MA, Kotze AC, Hayes BJ, Mapholi N, Dzama K, Marufu MC, Githaka NW, Djikeng A. Towards a new phenotype for tick resistance in beef and dairy cattle: a review. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
About 80% of the world’s cattle are affected by ticks and tick-borne diseases, both of which cause significant production losses. Cattle host resistance to ticks is the most important factor affecting the economics of tick control, but it is largely neglected in tick-control programs due to technical difficulties and costs associated with identifying individual-animal variation in resistance. The present paper reviews the scientific literature to identify factors affecting resistance of cattle to ticks and the biological mechanisms of host tick resistance, to develop alternative phenotype(s) for tick resistance. If new cost-effective phenotype(s) can be developed and validated, then tick resistance of cattle could be genetically improved using genomic selection, and incorporated into breeding objectives to simultaneously improve cattle productive attributes and tick resistance. The phenotype(s) could also be used to improve tick control by using cattle management. On the basis of the present review, it is recommended that three possible phenotypes (haemolytic analysis; measures of skin hypersensitivity reactions; simplified artificial tick infestations) be further developed to determine their practical feasibility for consistently, cost-effectively and reliably measuring cattle tick resistance in thousands of individual animals in commercial and smallholder farmer herds in tropical and subtropical areas globally. During evaluation of these potential new phenotypes, additional measurements should be included to determine the possibility of developing a volatile-based resistance phenotype, to simultaneously improve cattle resistance to both ticks and biting flies. Because the current measurements of volatile chemistry do not satisfy the requirements of a simple, cost-effective phenotype for use in commercial cattle herds, consideration should also be given to inclusion of potentially simpler measures to enable indirect genetic selection for volatile-based resistance to ticks.
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36
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Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions against unfed tick larval extract of Rhipicephalus evertsi in South African Mutton Merino, Namaqua Afrikaner and Dorper sheep. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Robbertse L, Richards SA, Clift SJ, Barnard AC, Leisewitz A, Crafford JE, Maritz-Olivier C. Comparison of the differential regulation of T and B-lymphocyte subsets in the skin and lymph nodes amongst three cattle breeds as potential mediators of immune-resistance to Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:976-987. [PMID: 29622516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although varying natural resistance to ticks between highly resistant Brahman (Bos taurus indicus), resistant Bonsmara (5/8 B. t. indicus x 3/8 B. t. taurus) and susceptible Holstein-Friesian (B. t. taurus) breeds is documented in skin and blood, little information is available describing draining lymph nodes. To elucidate the cellular dynamics during Rhipicephalus microplus induced immune responses, this study analysed immune factors from these cattle breeds using histology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Following the collection of skin and lymph node samples before artificial tick infestation, cattle were infested with R. microplus larvae. Subsequent sampling coincided with the tick larvae and adult developmental stages. A significant influx of CD20+ B-lymphocytes in the dermis all cattle breeds was observed while CD3+ T-lymphocytes were significantly increased for more tick resistant breeds. Eosinophil infiltration in germinal centres of lymph nodes was significant for all cattle breeds while tingible body macrophages were significantly increased for adult infested Brahman animals. A negligible fluctuation in CD20+ and CD79α+ B-lymphocyte numbers was present in the lymph node of more resistant cattle breeds, while susceptible animals showed a decrease in B-lymphocytes after infestation, followed by an increase between larvae to adult infested time points. Increased variability of γd T-lymphocyte populations in lymph nodes was correlated with tick susceptibility. In addition, a more stable T helper lymphocyte population was identified in the lymph nodes for the Brahman cattle breed. Results suggest the association of tick susceptibility with differential B-lymphocyte regulation in lymph node tissues, increased variability of WC1+ γδ T-lymphocyte populations in the lymph node as well as a decrease in T helper lymphocytes in the lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luïse Robbertse
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sabine Annette Richards
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sarah Jane Clift
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annette-Christi Barnard
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew Leisewitz
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jan Ernst Crafford
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine Maritz-Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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38
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Constantinoiu CC, Lew-Tabor A, Jackson LA, Jorgensen WK, Piper EK, Mayer DG, Johnson L, Venus B, Jonsson NN. Local immune response to larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus in Santa Gertrudis cattle. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12515. [PMID: 29314141 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the local immune response at larval attachment sites in Santa Gertrudis cattle with low and high levels of tick resistance. Skin samples with tick larvae attached were collected from Santa Gertrudis cattle at the end of a period of 25 weekly infestations, when the animals manifested highly divergent tick-resistant phenotypes. There was a tendency for more CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD25+ , γδ T cells and neutrophils to concentrate at larval tick attachment site in susceptible cattle than in resistant cattle but the differences were significant only for γδ T cells and CD4+ cells. Most of the cattle developed intra-epidermal vesicles at the larval attachment site but the predominant cell within or around the vesicles was the neutrophil in susceptible animals and eosinophil in the resistant animals. The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CD45 and CD45 RO antigens reacted with skin leucocytes from a higher number of susceptible cattle than resistant cattle. Our data suggest that some of the cellular responses mounted at larval attachment site are not involved in tick protection. The mAbs specific for CD45 and CD45 RO directly, or a test for CD45 genotype might be developed as markers of tick susceptibility or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Constantinoiu
- Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - A Lew-Tabor
- Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - L A Jackson
- Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - W K Jorgensen
- Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - E K Piper
- Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - D G Mayer
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - L Johnson
- College of Public Health, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - B Venus
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - N N Jonsson
- Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Robbertse L, Richards SA, Maritz-Olivier C. Bovine Immune Factors Underlying Tick Resistance: Integration and Future Directions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:522. [PMID: 29312898 PMCID: PMC5742187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying tick resistance within and between cattle breeds have been studied for decades. Several previous papers on bovine immune parameters contributing to tick resistance discussed findings across DNA, RNA, protein, cellular, and tissue levels. However, the differences between bovine host species, tick species and the experimental layouts were not always taken into account. This review aims to (a) give a comprehensive summary of studies investigating immune marker differences between cattle breeds with varying degrees of tick resistance, and (b) to integrate key findings and suggest hypotheses on likely immune-regulated pathways driving resistance. Experimental issues, which may have skewed conclusions, are highlighted. In future, improved experimental strategies will enable more focused studies to identify and integrate immune markers and/or pathways. Most conclusive thus far is the involvement of histamine, granulocytes and their associated pathways in the tick-resistance mechanism. Interestingly, different immune markers might be involved in the mechanisms within a single host breed in contrast to between breeds. Also, differences are evident at each tick life stage, limiting the level to which datasets can be compared. Future studies to further elucidate immune molecule dynamics across the entire tick life cycle and in-depth investigation of promising markers and pathways on both molecular and cellular level are in dire need to obtain a scientifically sound hypothesis on the drivers of tick resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Maritz-Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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40
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Tabor AE, Ali A, Rehman G, Rocha Garcia G, Zangirolamo AF, Malardo T, Jonsson NN. Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus-Host Interface: A Review of Resistant and Susceptible Host Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:506. [PMID: 29322033 PMCID: PMC5732177 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are able to transmit tick-borne infectious agents to vertebrate hosts which cause major constraints to public and livestock health. The costs associated with mortality, relapse, treatments, and decreased production yields are economically significant. Ticks adapted to a hematophagous existence after the vertebrate hemostatic system evolved into a multi-layered defense system against foreign invasion (pathogens and ectoparasites), blood loss, and immune responses. Subsequently, ticks evolved by developing an ability to suppress the vertebrate host immune system with a devastating impact particularly for exotic and crossbred cattle. Host genetics defines the immune responsiveness against ticks and tick-borne pathogens. To gain an insight into the naturally acquired resistant and susceptible cattle breed against ticks, studies have been conducted comparing the incidence of tick infestation on bovine hosts from divergent genetic backgrounds. It is well-documented that purebred and crossbred Bos taurus indicus cattle are more resistant to ticks and tick-borne pathogens compared to purebred European Bos taurus taurus cattle. Genetic studies identifying Quantitative Trait Loci markers using microsatellites and SNPs have been inconsistent with very low percentages relating phenotypic variation with tick infestation. Several skin gene expression and immunological studies have been undertaken using different breeds, different samples (peripheral blood, skin with tick feeding), infestation protocols and geographic environments. Susceptible breeds were commonly found to be associated with the increased expression of toll like receptors, MHC Class II, calcium binding proteins, and complement factors with an increased presence of neutrophils in the skin following tick feeding. Resistant breeds had higher levels of T cells present in the skin prior to tick infestation and thus seem to respond to ticks more efficiently. The skin of resistant breeds also contained higher numbers of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils with up-regulated proteases, cathepsins, keratins, collagens and extracellular matrix proteins in response to feeding ticks. Here we review immunological and molecular determinants that explore the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus-host resistance phenomenon as well as contemplating new insights and future directions to study tick resistance and susceptibility, in order to facilitate interventions for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala E Tabor
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.,Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gustavo Rocha Garcia
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Malardo
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Verma S, Thakur A, Katoch S, Shekhar C, Wani AH, Kumar S, Dohroo S, Singh G, Sharma M. Differences in innate and adaptive immune response traits of Pahari (Indian non-descript indigenous breed) and Jersey crossbred cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 192:20-27. [PMID: 29042011 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cattle are an integral part of the largely agrarian economy of India. Indigenous breeds of cattle comprise about 80% of total cattle population of the country and contribute significantly to the overall milk production. There are 40 recognized indigenous breeds of cattle and a number of uncharacterized non-descript cattle. Pahari cattle of Himachal Pradesh in Northern India are one such non-descript indigenous breed. Here we describe a comprehensive evaluation of haematobiochemical parameters and innate and adaptive immune response traits of Pahari cattle and a comparison with Jersey crossbred cattle. The study shows demonstrable differences in the two breeds with respect to some innate and adaptive immunological traits. This is a first attempt to characterize immune response traits of Pahari cattle and the results of the study provide an understanding of breed differences in immune status of cattle which could be useful for their breeding and conservations programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Verma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shailja Katoch
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aasim Habib Wani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Dohroo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Geetanjali Singh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mandeep Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur,176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Piper EK, Jonsson NN, Gondro C, Vance ME, Lew-Tabor A, Jackson LA. Peripheral cellular and humoral responses to infestation with the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Santa Gertrudis cattle. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 27862028 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cattle tick infestation in single-host ticks is primarily manifested against the larval stage and results in the immature tick failing to attach successfully and obtain a meal. This study was conducted to identify immune responses that characterize the tick-resistant phenotype in cattle. Thirty-five tick-naïve Santa Gertrudis heifers were used in this study, thirty of which were artificially infested for thirteen weeks with tick larvae while five animals remained at a tick-free quarantine property to serve as a control group. Following thirteen weeks of tick infestation, the animals in this trial exhibited highly divergent tick-resistant phenotypes. Blood samples collected throughout the trial were used to measure peripheral immune parameters: haematology, the percentage of cellular subsets comprising the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population, tick-specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibody titres, IgG1 avidity for tick antigens and the ability of PBMC to recognize and proliferate in response to stimulation with tick antigens in vitro. The tick-susceptible cattle developed significantly higher tick-specific IgG1 antibody titres compared to the tick-resistant animals. These results suggest that the heightened antibody response either does not play a role in resistance or might contribute to increased susceptibility to infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Piper
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - N N Jonsson
- The University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - C Gondro
- The University of New England, The Centre for Genetic Analysis and Applications, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - M E Vance
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Science Laboratories, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - A Lew-Tabor
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Science Laboratories, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - L A Jackson
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Science Laboratories, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Sollero BP, Junqueira VS, Gomes CCG, Caetano AR, Cardoso FF. Tag SNP selection for prediction of tick resistance in Brazilian Braford and Hereford cattle breeds using Bayesian methods. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:49. [PMID: 28619006 PMCID: PMC5471684 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cattle resistance to ticks is known to be under genetic control with a complex biological mechanism within and among breeds. Our aim was to identify genomic segments and tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with tick-resistance in Hereford and Braford cattle. The predictive performance of a very low-density tag SNP panel was estimated and compared with results obtained with a 50 K SNP dataset. RESULTS BayesB (π = 0.99) was initially applied in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for this complex trait by using deregressed estimated breeding values for tick counts and 41,045 SNP genotypes from 3455 animals raised in southern Brazil. To estimate the combined effect of a genomic region that is potentially associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL), 2519 non-overlapping 1-Mb windows that varied in SNP number were defined, with the top 48 windows including 914 SNPs and explaining more than 20% of the estimated genetic variance for tick resistance. Subsequently, the most informative SNPs were selected based on Bayesian parameters (model frequency and t-like statistics), linkage disequilibrium and minor allele frequency to propose a very low-density 58-SNP panel. Some of these tag SNPs mapped close to or within genes and pseudogenes that are functionally related to tick resistance. Prediction ability of this SNP panel was investigated by cross-validation using K-means and random clustering and a BayesA model to predict direct genomic values. Accuracies from these cross-validations were 0.27 ± 0.09 and 0.30 ± 0.09 for the K-means and random clustering groups, respectively, compared to respective values of 0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.43 ± 0.08 when using all 41,045 SNPs and BayesB with π = 0.99, or of 0.28 ± 0.07 and 0.40 ± 0.08 with π = 0.999. CONCLUSIONS Bayesian GWAS model parameters can be used to select tag SNPs for a very low-density panel, which will include SNPs that are potentially linked to functional genes. It can be useful for cost-effective genomic selection tools, when one or a few key complex traits are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna P. Sollero
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Caixa Postal 242 - BR 153 - Km 633, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul 96.401-970 Brazil
| | - Vinícius S. Junqueira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n - Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36.570-000 Brazil
| | - Cláudia C. G. Gomes
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Caixa Postal 242 - BR 153 - Km 633, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul 96.401-970 Brazil
| | - Alexandre R. Caetano
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estacao Biologica Final Av. W/5 Norte, Brasilia-DF, C.P. 02372, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70770-917 Brazil
| | - Fernando F. Cardoso
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Caixa Postal 242 - BR 153 - Km 633, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul 96.401-970 Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96.000-010 Brazil
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Maruyama SR, Garcia GR, Teixeira FR, Brandão LG, Anderson JM, Ribeiro JMC, Valenzuela JG, Horackova J, Veríssimo CJ, Katiki LM, Banin TM, Zangirolamo AF, Gardinassi LG, Ferreira BR, de Miranda-Santos IKF. Mining a differential sialotranscriptome of Rhipicephalus microplus guides antigen discovery to formulate a vaccine that reduces tick infestations. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:206. [PMID: 28446245 PMCID: PMC5406933 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticks cause massive damage to livestock and vaccines are one sustainable substitute for the acaricides currently heavily used to control infestations. To guide antigen discovery for a vaccine that targets the gamut of parasitic strategies mediated by tick saliva and enables immunological memory, we exploited a transcriptome constructed from salivary glands from all stages of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks feeding on genetically tick-resistant and susceptible bovines. RESULTS Different levels of host anti-tick immunity affected gene expression in tick salivary glands; we thus selected four proteins encoded by genes weakly expressed in ticks attempting to feed on resistant hosts or otherwise abundantly expressed in ticks fed on susceptible hosts; these sialoproteins mediate four functions of parasitism deployed by male ticks and that do not induce antibodies in naturally infected, susceptible bovines. We then evaluated in tick-susceptible heifers an alum-adjuvanted vaccine formulated with recombinant proteins. Parasite performance (i.e. weight and numbers of females finishing their parasitic cycle) and titres of antigen-specific antibodies were significantly reduced or increased, respectively, in vaccinated versus control heifers, conferring an efficacy of 73.2%; two of the antigens were strong immunogens, rich in predicted T-cell epitopes and challenge infestations boosted antibody responses against them. CONCLUSION Mining sialotranscriptomes guided by the immunity of tick-resistant hosts selected important targets and infestations boosted immune memory against salivary antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Maruyama
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Garcia
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lucinda G Brandão
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,LGB: Faculdade de Tecnologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, 16052045, Brazil
| | - Jennifer M Anderson
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - José M C Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Jana Horackova
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | | | - Luciana M Katiki
- São Paulo Institute of Animal Science, Nova Odessa, SP, 13460-000, Brazil
| | - Tamy M Banin
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Zangirolamo
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Gardinassi
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.,LGG: Division of Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Beatriz R Ferreira
- Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-902, Brazil
| | - Isabel K F de Miranda-Santos
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Garcia GR, Maruyama SR, Nelson KT, Ribeiro JMC, Gardinassi LG, Maia AAM, Ferreira BR, Kooyman FNJ, de Miranda Santos IKF. Immune recognition of salivary proteins from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus differs according to the genotype of the bovine host. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:144. [PMID: 28288696 PMCID: PMC5348738 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Males of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus produce salivary immunoglobulin-binding proteins and allotypic variations in IgG are associated with tick loads in bovines. These findings indicate that antibody responses may be essential to control tick infestations. Infestation loads with cattle ticks are heritable: some breeds carry high loads of reproductively successful ticks, in others, few ticks feed and they reproduce inefficiently. Different patterns of humoral immunity against tick salivary proteins may explain these phenotypes. Methods We describe the profiles of humoral responses against tick salivary proteins elicited during repeated artificial infestations of bovines of a tick-resistant (Nelore) and a tick-susceptible (Holstein) breed. We measured serum levels of total IgG1, IgG2 and IgE immunoglobulins and of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies specific for tick salivary proteins. With liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry we identified tick salivary proteins that were differentially recognized by serum antibodies from tick-resistant and tick-susceptible bovines in immunoblots of tick salivary proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Results Baseline levels of total IgG1 and IgG2 were significantly higher in tick-susceptible Holsteins compared with resistant Nelores. Significant increases in levels of total IgG1, but not of IgG2 accompanied successive infestations in both breeds. Resistant Nelores presented with significantly higher levels of salivary-specific antibodies before and at the first challenge with tick larvae; however, by the third challenge, tick-susceptible Holsteins presented with significantly higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2 tick salivary protein-specific antibodies. Importantly, sera from tick-resistant Nelores reacted with 39 tick salivary proteins in immunoblots of salivary proteins separated in two dimensions by electrophoresis versus only 21 spots reacting with sera from tick-susceptible Holsteins. Conclusions Levels of tick saliva-specific antibodies were not directly correlated with infestation phenotypes. However, in spite of receiving apparently lower amounts of tick saliva, tick-resistant bovines recognized more tick salivary proteins. These reactive salivary proteins are putatively involved in several functions of parasitism and blood-feeding. Our results indicate that neutralization by host antibodies of tick salivary proteins involved in parasitism is essential to control tick infestations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2077-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Rocha Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Maruyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kristina T Nelson
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - José Marcos Chaves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Augusto Mendes Maia
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Animal Science and Food Technology, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rossetti Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Frans N J Kooyman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel K F de Miranda Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Taye M, Kim J, Yoon SH, Lee W, Hanotte O, Dessie T, Kemp S, Mwai OA, Caetano-Anolles K, Cho S, Oh SJ, Lee HK, Kim H. Whole genome scan reveals the genetic signature of African Ankole cattle breed and potential for higher quality beef. BMC Genet 2017; 18:11. [PMID: 28183280 PMCID: PMC5301378 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Africa is home to numerous cattle breeds whose diversity has been shaped by subtle combinations of human and natural selection. African Sanga cattle are an intermediate type of cattle resulting from interbreeding between Bos taurus and Bos indicus subspecies. Recently, research has asserted the potential of Sanga breeds for commercial beef production with better meat quality as compared to Bos indicus breeds. Here, we identified meat quality related gene regions that are positively selected in Ankole (Sanga) cattle breeds as compared to indicus (Boran, Ogaden, and Kenana) breeds using cross-population (XP-EHH and XP-CLR) statistical methods. RESULTS We identified 238 (XP-EHH) and 213 (XP-CLR) positively selected genes, of which 97 were detected from both statistics. Among the genes obtained, we primarily reported those involved in different biological process and pathways associated with meat quality traits. Genes (CAPZB, COL9A2, PDGFRA, MAP3K5, ZNF410, and PKM2) involved in muscle structure and metabolism affect meat tenderness. Genes (PLA2G2A, PARK2, ZNF410, MAP2K3, PLCD3, PLCD1, and ROCK1) related to intramuscular fat (IMF) are involved in adipose metabolism and adipogenesis. MB and SLC48A1 affect meat color. In addition, we identified genes (TIMP2, PKM2, PRKG1, MAP3K5, and ATP8A1) related to feeding efficiency. Among the enriched Gene Ontology Biological Process (GO BP) terms, actin cytoskeleton organization, actin filament-based process, and protein ubiquitination are associated with meat tenderness whereas cellular component organization, negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization and negative regulation of protein complex disassembly are involved in adipocyte regulation. The MAPK pathway is responsible for cell proliferation and plays an important role in hyperplastic growth, which has a positive effect on meat tenderness. CONCLUSION Results revealed several candidate genes positively selected in Ankole cattle in relation to meat quality characteristics. The genes identified are involved in muscle structure and metabolism, and adipose metabolism and adipogenesis. These genes help in the understanding of the biological mechanisms controlling beef quality characteristics in African Ankole cattle. These results provide a basis for further research on the genomic characteristics of Ankole and other Sanga cattle breeds for quality beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistie Taye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
- Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Jaemin Kim
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50 Room 5351, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sook Hee Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- The University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Stephen Kemp
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- The Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland
| | - Okeyo Ally Mwai
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Seoae Cho
- C&K genomics, Main Bldg. #514, SNU Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- The Animal Molecular Genetics & Breeding Center, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea.
- C&K genomics, Main Bldg. #514, SNU Research Park, Seoul, 151-919, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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da Silva JM, Giachetto PF, da Silva LO, Cintra LC, Paiva SR, Yamagishi MEB, Caetano AR. Genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) detection in Nelore cattle reveals highly frequent variants in genome regions harboring QTLs affecting production traits. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:454. [PMID: 27297173 PMCID: PMC4907077 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number variations (CNVs) have been shown to account for substantial portions of observed genomic variation and have been associated with qualitative and quantitative traits and the onset of disease in a number of species. Information from high-resolution studies to detect, characterize and estimate population-specific variant frequencies will facilitate the incorporation of CNVs in genomic studies to identify genes affecting traits of importance. Results Genome-wide CNVs were detected in high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data from 1,717 Nelore (Bos indicus) cattle, and in NGS data from eight key ancestral bulls. A total of 68,007 and 12,786 distinct CNVs were observed, respectively. Cross-comparisons of results obtained for the eight resequenced animals revealed that 92 % of the CNVs were observed in both datasets, while 62 % of all detected CNVs were observed to overlap with previously validated cattle copy number variant regions (CNVRs). Observed CNVs were used for obtaining breed-specific CNV frequencies and identification of CNVRs, which were subsequently used for gene annotation. A total of 688 of the detected CNVRs were observed to overlap with 286 non-redundant QTLs associated with important production traits in cattle. All of 34 CNVs previously reported to be associated with milk production traits in Holsteins were also observed in Nelore cattle. Comparisons of estimated frequencies of these CNVs in the two breeds revealed 14, 13, 6 and 14 regions in high (>20 %), low (<20 %) and divergent (NEL > HOL, NEL < HOL) frequencies, respectively. Conclusions Obtained results significantly enriched the bovine CNV map and enabled the identification of variants that are potentially associated with traits under selection in Nelore cattle, particularly in genome regions harboring QTLs affecting production traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2752-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Manoel da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Av. Prof Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular-Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Poliana Fernanda Giachetto
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária - Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática (LMB), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Carrijo Cintra
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária - Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática (LMB), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Rezende Paiva
- Embrapa - Secretaria de Relações Internacionais, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.,Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.,CNPq Fellow, ᅟ, ᅟ
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Nyamushamba GB, Mapiye C, Tada O, Halimani TE, Muchenje V. Conservation of indigenous cattle genetic resources in Southern Africa's smallholder areas: turning threats into opportunities - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:603-621. [PMID: 27004814 PMCID: PMC5411820 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The current review focuses on characterization and conservation efforts vital for the development of breeding programmes for indigenous beef cattle genetic resources in Southern Africa. Indigenous African cattle breeds were identified and characterized using information from refereed journals, conference papers and research reports. Results of this current review reviewed that smallholder beef cattle production in Southern Africa is extensive and dominated by indigenous beef cattle strains adaptable to the local environment. The breeds include Nguni, Mashona, Tuli, Malawi Zebu, Bovino de Tete, Angoni, Landim, Barotse, Twsana and Ankole. These breeds have important functions ranging from provision of food and income to socio-economic, cultural and ecological roles. They also have adaptive traits ranging from drought tolerant, resistance to ticks and tick borne diseases, heat tolerance and resistance to trypanosomosis. Stakeholders in the conservation of beef cattle were also identified and they included farmers, national government, research institutes and universities as well as breeding companies and societies in Southern Africa. Research efforts made to evaluate threats and opportunities of indigenous beef cattle production systems, assess the contribution of indigenous cattle to household food security and income, genetically and phenotypically characterize and conserve indigenous breeds, and develop breeding programs for smallholder beef production are highlighted. Although smallholder beef cattle production in the smallholder farming systems contributes substantially to household food security and income, their productivity is hindered by several constraints that include high prevalence of diseases and parasites, limited feed availability and poor marketing. The majority of the African cattle populations remain largely uncharacterized although most of the indigenous cattle breeds have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Nyamushamba
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - C Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - O Tada
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - T E Halimani
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - V Muchenje
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Sarre C, González-Hernández A, Van Coppernolle S, Grit R, Grauwet K, Van Meulder F, Chiers K, Van den Broeck W, Geldhof P, Claerebout E. Comparative immune responses against Psoroptes ovis in two cattle breeds with different susceptibility to mange. Vet Res 2015; 46:131. [PMID: 26582546 PMCID: PMC4652412 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, is a major problem in the beef cattle industry, especially in Belgian Blue (BB) cattle. This breed is naturally more predisposed to psoroptic mange but reasons for this high susceptibility remain unknown. Different immune responses could be a potential cause; thus in this study, the cutaneous immune response and in vitro cellular immune response after antigen re-stimulation were examined in naturally infested BB. Cytokine production in the skin and in circulating re-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) demonstrated a mixed pro-inflammatory Th2/Th17 profile, with transcription of IL-4, IL-13, IL-6 and IL-17. Strong IL-17 up-regulation in the skin of BB was associated with an influx of eosinophils and other immune cells, potentially leading towards more severe symptoms. Virtually no changes in cutaneous IFN-γ transcription were detected, while there was substantial IFN-γ up-regulation in re-stimulated PBMC from infested and uninfested animals, potentially indicating a role of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in the innate immune response. In Holstein–Friesian (HF) cattle, generally more resistant to P. ovis infection, a largely similar immunologic response was observed. Differences between HF and BB were the lack of cutaneous IL-17 response in infested HF and low transcription levels of IFN-γ and high IL-10 transcription in re-stimulated PBMC from both infested and uninfested animals. Further research is needed to identify potential cell sources and biological functions for these cytokines and to fully unravel the basis of this different breed susceptibility to P. ovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sarre
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ana González-Hernández
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Stefanie Van Coppernolle
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Rika Grit
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Korneel Grauwet
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Van Meulder
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Puerta JM, Chaparro JJ, Lopez-Arias A, Arroyave SA, Villar D. Loss of in vitro Efficacy of Topical Commercial Acaricides on Rhipicephalus microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) From Antioquian Farms, Colombia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:1309-1314. [PMID: 26336268 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Antioquia, the problems to control Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) tick infestations have spread and ranchers claim conventional treatments are no longer effective. In this study, the in vitro efficacy of commercial topical products was tested with ticks obtained from two dairy farms in Antioquia with severe repeated infestations. About 800 engorged ticks were collected directly from animals in two separate visits at the beginning and end of the same month. The adult immersion test was used, which exposed groups of 40 ticks from each collection at the recommended concentration for five commercial products and combinations for 5 min. Efficacy was determined by comparing the reproductive index (fecundity × fertility) of each treated group to that of the control group. The values of all reproductive parameters obtained with ticks from the two collection dates were very similar. Cypermethrin (150 ppm) and amitraz (208 ppm) separately showed very low efficacies of only 10-20% at one farm, and zero at the other. The combination of chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin was the only product with an efficacy >50% at both farms and field observations corroborated to be still capable of eliminating infestations. Exposure to fluazuron at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 500 ppm for 1 min reduced fertility in all groups by ≥99%, as would be expected for very susceptible strains. However, reduction of oviposition only occurred at the 500 ppm concentration. In conclusion, there is a high degree of resistance to all products tested except for fluazuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Puerta
- Grupo CIBAV, Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jenny J Chaparro
- Grupo CIBAV, Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Anderson Lopez-Arias
- Grupo CIBAV, Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara Arias Arroyave
- Grupo CIBAV, Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David Villar
- Grupo CIBAV, Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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