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Yaseen F, Taj M, Ravindran R, Zaffar F, Luciw PA, Ikram A, Zafar SI, Gill T, Hogarth M, Khan IH. An exploratory deep learning approach to investigate tuberculosis pathogenesis in nonhuman primate model: Combining automated radiological analysis with clinical and biomarkers data. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12722. [PMID: 38949157 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) kills approximately 1.6 million people yearly despite the fact anti-TB drugs are generally curative. Therefore, TB-case detection and monitoring of therapy, need a comprehensive approach. Automated radiological analysis, combined with clinical, microbiological, and immunological data, by machine learning (ML), can help achieve it. METHODS Six rhesus macaques were experimentally inoculated with pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lung. Data, including Computed Tomography (CT), were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. RESULTS Our ML-based CT analysis (TB-Net) efficiently and accurately analyzed disease progression, performing better than standard deep learning model (LLM OpenAI's CLIP Vi4). TB-Net based results were more consistent than, and confirmed independently by, blinded manual disease scoring by two radiologists and exhibited strong correlations with blood biomarkers, TB-lesion volumes, and disease-signs during disease pathogenesis. CONCLUSION The proposed approach is valuable in early disease detection, monitoring efficacy of therapy, and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Yaseen
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Murtaza Taj
- Department of Computer Science, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Fareed Zaffar
- Department of Computer Science, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Paul A Luciw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institutes of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saerah Iffat Zafar
- Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging (AFIRI), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Gill
- Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael Hogarth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Imran H Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
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McIntyre S, Warner J, Rush C, Vanderven HA. Antibodies as clinical tools for tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278947. [PMID: 38162666 PMCID: PMC10755875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global research efforts to improve TB control are hindered by insufficient understanding of the role that antibodies play in protective immunity and pathogenesis. This impacts knowledge of rational and optimal vaccine design, appropriate diagnostic biomarkers, and development of therapeutics. Traditional approaches for the prevention and diagnosis of TB may be less efficacious in high prevalence, remote, and resource-poor settings. An improved understanding of the immune response to the causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), will be crucial for developing better vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. While memory CD4+ T cells and cells and cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-g) have been the main identified correlates of protection in TB, mounting evidence suggests that other types of immunity may also have important roles. TB serology has identified antibodies and functional characteristics that may help diagnose Mtb infection and distinguish between different TB disease states. To date, no serological tests meet the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements for TB diagnosis, but multiplex assays show promise for improving the sensitivity and specificity of TB serodiagnosis. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and serum passive infusion studies in murine models of TB have also demonstrated some protective outcomes. However, animal models that better reflect the human immune response to Mtb are necessary to fully assess the clinical utility of antibody-based TB prophylactics and therapeutics. Candidate TB vaccines are not designed to elicit an Mtb-specific antibody response, but evidence suggests BCG and novel TB vaccines may induce protective Mtb antibodies. The potential of the humoral immune response in TB monitoring and control is being investigated and these studies provide important insight into the functional role of antibody-mediated immunity against TB. In this review, we describe the current state of development of antibody-based clinical tools for TB, with a focus on diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Rush
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Hillary A. Vanderven
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Ruiz-Tagle C, Naves R, García P, Günther A, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Balcells ME. Differential levels of anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IgAs in saliva of household contacts with latent tuberculosis infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1267670. [PMID: 37869168 PMCID: PMC10587581 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucosal immunity is strongly elicited in early stages of many respiratory and enteric infections; however, its role in tuberculosis pathogenesis has been scarcely explored. We aimed to investigate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) specific IgA levels in saliva in different stages of latent Tuberculosis Infection (TBI). Methodology A multiplex bead-based Luminex immunoassay was developed to detect specific IgA against 12 highly immunogenic Mtb antigens. A prospective cohort of household contacts (>14 years) of pulmonary TB cases was established in Santiago, Chile. Contacts were classified as Mtb-infected or not depending on serial interferon-γ release assay results. Saliva samples were collected and tested at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up. Results Mtb-specific IgA was detectable at all visits in all participants (n = 168), including the "non-Mtb infected" (n = 64). Significantly higher median levels of IgA were found in the "Mtb infected" compared to the uninfected for anti-lipoarabinomannan (LAM) (110 vs. 84.8 arbitrary units (AU), p < 0.001), anti-PstS1 (117 vs. 83 AU, p < 0.001), anti-Cell Membrane Fraction (CMF) (140 vs. 103 AU, p < 0.001) and anti-Culture Filtrate Proteins (CFP) (median 125 vs. 96 AU, p < 0.001), respectively. Nonetheless, the discriminatory performance of these specific mucosal IgA for TBI diagnosis was low. Conclusion Saliva holds Mtb-specific IgA against several antigens with increased levels for anti-LAM, anti-PstS1, anti-CMF and anti-CFP found in household contacts with an established TBI. The role of these mucosal antibodies in TB pathogenesis, and their kinetics in different stages of Mtb infection merits further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anna Günther
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - María Elvira Balcells
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sohail MU, Mashood F, Oberbach A, Chennakkandathil S, Schmidt F. The role of pathogens in diabetes pathogenesis and the potential of immunoproteomics as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042362. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases marked by hyperglycemia, which increases the risk of systemic infections. DM patients are at greater risk of hospitalization and mortality from bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Poor glycemic control can result in skin, blood, bone, urinary, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections and recurrent infections. Therefore, the evidence that infections play a critical role in DM progression and the hazard ratio for a person with DM dying from any infection is higher. Early diagnosis and better glycemic control can help prevent infections and improve treatment outcomes. Perhaps, half (49.7%) of the people living with DM are undiagnosed, resulting in a higher frequency of infections induced by the hyperglycemic milieu that favors immune dysfunction. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic markers for glycemic control and infection prevention are desirable. High-throughput blood-based immunoassays that screen infections and hyperglycemia are required to guide timely interventions and efficiently monitor treatment responses. The present review aims to collect information on the most common infections associated with DM, their origin, pathogenesis, and the potential of immunoproteomics assays in the early diagnosis of the infections. While infections are common in DM, their role in glycemic control and disease pathogenesis is poorly described. Nevertheless, more research is required to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic markers to understand DM pathogenesis and management of infections. Precise monitoring of diabetic infections by immunoproteomics may provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis and healthy prognosis.
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Ralph AP, Webb R, Moreland NJ, McGregor R, Bosco A, Broadhurst D, Lassmann T, Barnett TC, Benothman R, Yan J, Remenyi B, Bennett J, Wilson N, Mayo M, Pearson G, Kollmann T, Carapetis JR. Searching for a technology-driven acute rheumatic fever test: the START study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053720. [PMID: 34526345 PMCID: PMC8444258 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The absence of a diagnostic test for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a major impediment in managing this serious childhood condition. ARF is an autoimmune condition triggered by infection with group A Streptococcus. It is the precursor to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a leading cause of health inequity and premature mortality for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand and internationally. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: 'Searching for a Technology-Driven Acute Rheumatic Fever Test' (START) is a biomarker discovery study that aims to detect and test a biomarker signature that distinguishes ARF cases from non-ARF, and use systems biology and serology to better understand ARF pathogenesis. Eligible participants with ARF diagnosed by an expert clinical panel according to the 2015 Revised Jones Criteria, aged 5-30 years, will be recruited from three hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Age, sex and ethnicity-matched individuals who are healthy or have non-ARF acute diagnoses or RHD, will be recruited as controls. In the discovery cohort, blood samples collected at baseline, and during convalescence in a subset, will be interrogated by comprehensive profiling to generate possible diagnostic biomarker signatures. A biomarker validation cohort will subsequently be used to test promising combinations of biomarkers. By defining the first biomarker signatures able to discriminate between ARF and other clinical conditions, the START study has the potential to transform the approach to ARF diagnosis and RHD prevention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has approval from the Northern Territory Department of Health and Menzies School of Health Research ethics committee and the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committee. It will be conducted according to ethical standards for research involving Indigenous Australians and New Zealand Māori and Pacific Peoples. Indigenous investigators and governance groups will provide oversight of study processes and advise on cultural matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Ralph
- Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Rachel Webb
- KidzFirst Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
- Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics; Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole J Moreland
- School of Medical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Reuben McGregor
- School of Medical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Broadhurst
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy C Barnett
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rym Benothman
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Yan
- Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Bo Remenyi
- Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Julie Bennett
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Wilson
- Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark Mayo
- Global and Tropical Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Glenn Pearson
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tobias Kollmann
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Carapetis
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Rashidi HH, Dang LT, Albahra S, Ravindran R, Khan IH. Automated machine learning for endemic active tuberculosis prediction from multiplex serological data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17900. [PMID: 34504228 PMCID: PMC8429671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) is enhanced by detection of multiple antibodies due to variable immune responses among patients. Clinical interpretation of these complex datasets requires development of suitable algorithms, a time consuming and tedious undertaking addressed by the automated machine learning platform MILO (Machine Intelligence Learning Optimizer). MILO seamlessly integrates data processing, feature selection, model training, and model validation to simultaneously generate and evaluate thousands of models. These models were then further tested for generalizability on out-of-sample secondary and tertiary datasets. Out of 31 antigens evaluated, a 23-antigen model was the most robust on both the secondary dataset (TB vs healthy) and the tertiary dataset (TB vs COPD) with sensitivity of 90.5% and respective specificities of 100.0% and 74.6%. MILO represents a user-friendly, end-to-end solution for automated generation and deployment of optimized models, ideal for applications where rapid clinical implementation is critical such as emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman H Rashidi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, 4400 V Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Luke T Dang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, 4400 V Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Samer Albahra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, 4400 V Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, 4400 V Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Imran H Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, 4400 V Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Gutiérrez-González LH, Juárez E, Carranza C, Carreto-Binaghi LE, Alejandre A, Cabello-Gutiérrrez C, Gonzalez Y. Immunological Aspects of Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:929-946. [PMID: 33727834 PMCID: PMC7955028 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s295798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children is difficult because of the low sensitivity and specificity of traditional microbiology techniques in this age group. Whereas in adults the culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the gold standard test, detects 80% of positive cases, it only detects around 30-40% of cases in children. The new methods based on the immune response to M. tuberculosis infection could be affected by many factors. It is necessary to evaluate the medical record, clinical features, presence of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, comorbidities, and BCG vaccination history for the diagnosis in children. There is no ideal biomarker for all TB cases in children. A new strategy based on personalized diagnosis could be used to evaluate specific molecules produced by the host immune response and make therapeutic decisions in each child, thereby changing standard immunological signatures to personalized signatures in TB. In this way, immune diagnosis, prognosis, and the use of potential immunomodulators as adjunct TB treatments will meet personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esmeralda Juárez
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Carranza
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Carreto-Binaghi
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alejandre
- Pediatric Clinic, National Institute for Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrrez
- Virology and Mycology Department, National Institute for Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Gonzalez
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Arif S, Akhter M, Khaliq A, Nisa ZU, Khan IH, Akhtar MW. Serodiagnostic evaluation of fusion proteins from multiple antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for active TB. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102053. [PMID: 33561630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem, being prevalent in the developing countries. A rapid, reliable and cost effective diagnostic method would help in controlling TB in the endemic populations. Development of suitable fusion molecules detecting multiple antibodies produced against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens would enhance sensitivity of serodiagnostic assays. In this study, EspC, CFP7 and PPE57 antigens of M. tuberculosis were selected for constructing fusion molecules after prediction of B-cell epitopes using in silico tools. Fusion proteins EspC-CFP7, HspX-EspC-CFP7 and HspX-EspC-CFP7-PPE57 were expressed in E.coli (BL21). The serodiagnostic potential of the individual antigens and their fusions was analyzed by screening 230 plasma samples of pulmonary TB patients. The single antigens HspX, EspC, CFP7, PPE57 showed sensitivities of 30%, 31%, 22% and 35%, respectively. The fusion protein EspC-CFP7 showed sensitivity of 43%. Linking of HspX antigen to the N-terminus of EspC-CFP7 fusion molecule increased sensitivity to 58%, while joining PPE57 antigen to the C-terminus of HspX-EspC-CFP7 increased sensitivity to 69%. The fusion protein HspX-EspC-CFP7-PPE57 seems to be a promising molecule for use in the development of fusions with higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Arif
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsina Akhter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aasia Khaliq
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran H Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Khaliq A, Ravindran R, Afzal S, Jena PK, Akhtar MW, Ambreen A, Wan YJY, Malik KA, Irfan M, Khan IH. Gut microbiome dysbiosis and correlation with blood biomarkers in active-tuberculosis in endemic setting. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245534. [PMID: 33481833 PMCID: PMC7822526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the largest infectious disease with 10 million new active-TB patients and1.7 million deaths per year. Active-TB is an inflammatory disease and is increasingly viewed as an imbalance of immune responses to M. tb. infection. The mechanisms of a switch from latent infection to active disease is not well worked out but a shift in the immune responses is thought to be responsible. Increasingly, the role of gut microbiota has been described as a major influencer of the immune system. And because the gut is the largest immune organ, we aimed to analyze the gut microbiome in active-TB patients in a TB-endemic country, Pakistan. The study revealed that Ruminococcacea, Enetrobactericeae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Bifidobacterium, etc. were the major genera associated with active-TB, also associated with chronic inflammatory disease. Plasma antibody profiles against several M. tb. antigens, as specific biomarkers for active-TB, correlated closely with the patient gut microbial profiles. Besides, bcoA gene copy number, indicative of the level of butyrate production by the gut microbiome was five-fold lower in TB patients compared to healthy individuals. These findings suggest that gut health in TB patients is compromised, with implications for disease morbidity (e.g., severe weight loss) as well as immune impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasia Khaliq
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Samia Afzal
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Atiqa Ambreen
- Department of Microbiology, Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kauser Abdulla Malik
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran H. Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jaganath D, Rajan J, Yoon C, Ravindran R, Andama A, Asege L, Mwebe SZ, Katende J, Nakaye M, Semitala FC, Khan IH, Cattamanchi A. Evaluation of multi-antigen serological screening for active tuberculosis among people living with HIV. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234130. [PMID: 32497095 PMCID: PMC7272080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Better triage tests for screening tuberculosis (TB) disease are needed for people living with HIV (PLHIV). We performed the first evaluation of a previously-validated 8-antigen serological panel to screen PLHIV for pulmonary TB in Kampala, Uganda. We selected a random 1:1 sample with and without TB (defined by sputum culture) from a cohort of PLHIV initiating antiretroviral therapy. We used a multiplex microbead immunoassay and an ensemble machine learning classifier to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for Ag85A, Ag85B, Ag85C, Rv0934-P38, Rv3881, Rv3841-BfrB, Rv3873, and Rv2878c. We then assessed the performance with the addition of four TB-specific antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10, Rv1980-MPT64, and Rv2031-HSPX, and every antigen combination. Of 262 participants (median CD4 cell-count 152 cells/μL [IQR 65-279]), 138 (53%) had culture-confirmed TB. The 8-antigen panel had an AUC of 0.53 (95% CI 0.40-0.66), and the additional 4 antigens did not improve performance (AUC 0.51, 95% CI 0.39-0.64). When sensitivity was restricted to ≥90% for the 8- and 12-antigen panel, specificity was 2.2% (95% CI 0-17.7%) and 8.1% (95% CI 0-23.9%), respectively. A three-antigen combination (Rv0934-P38, Ag85A, and Rv2031-HSPX) outperformed both panels, with an AUC of 0.60 (95% CI 0.48-0.73), 90% sensitivity (95% CI 78.2-96.7%) and 29.7% specificity (95% CI 15.9-47%). The multi-antigen panels did not achieve the target accuracy for a TB triage test among PLHIV. We identified a new combination that improved performance for TB screening in an HIV-positive sample compared to an existing serological panel in Uganda, and suggests an approach to identify novel antigen combinations specifically for screening TB in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Jaganath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jayant Rajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Christina Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Alfred Andama
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lucy Asege
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Jane Katende
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martha Nakaye
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred C. Semitala
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University Joint AIDS Program (MJAP), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Imran H. Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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11
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Gao M, Lian H, Yu L, Gong M, Ma L, Zhou Y, Yu M, Yan X. Rolling circle amplification integrated with suspension bead array for ultrasensitive multiplex immunodetection of tumor markers. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1048:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Chandler JC, Baeten LA, Griffin DL, Gidlewski T, DeLiberto TJ, Petersen JM, Pappert R, Young JW, Bevins SN. A Bead-Based Flow Cytometric Assay for Monitoring Yersinia pestis Exposure in Wildlife. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e00273-18. [PMID: 29695520 PMCID: PMC6018325 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00273-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague and is considered a category A priority pathogen due to its potential for high transmissibility and the significant morbidity and mortality it causes in humans. Y. pestis is endemic to the western United States and much of the world, necessitating programs to monitor for this pathogen on the landscape. Elevated human risk of plague infection has been spatially correlated with spikes in seropositive wildlife numbers, particularly rodent-eating carnivores, which are frequently in contact with the enzootic hosts and the associated arthropod vectors of Y. pestis In this study, we describe a semiautomated bead-based flow cytometric assay developed for plague monitoring in wildlife called the F1 Luminex plague assay (F1-LPA). Based upon Luminex/Bio-Plex technology, the F1-LPA targets serological responses to the F1 capsular antigen of Y. pestis and was optimized to analyze antibodies eluted from wildlife blood samples preserved on Nobuto filter paper strips. In comparative evaluations with passive hemagglutination, the gold standard tool for wildlife plague serodiagnosis, the F1-LPA demonstrated as much as 64× improvement in analytical sensitivity for F1-specific IgG detection and allowed for unambiguous classification of IgG status. The functionality of the F1-LPA was demonstrated for coyotes and other canids, which are the primary sentinels in wildlife plague monitoring, as well as felids and raccoons. Additionally, assay formats that do not require species-specific immunological reagents, which are not routinely available for several wildlife species used in plague monitoring, were determined to be functional in the F1-LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Chandler
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Laurie A Baeten
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Doreen L Griffin
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Gidlewski
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas J DeLiberto
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeannine M Petersen
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan Pappert
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John W Young
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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13
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Improvement in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Combining Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Immunodominant Peptides and Serum Host Biomarkers. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:147-153.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Shete PB, Ravindran R, Chang E, Worodria W, Chaisson LH, Andama A, Davis JL, Luciw PA, Huang L, Khan IH, Cattamanchi A. Evaluation of antibody responses to panels of M. tuberculosis antigens as a screening tool for active tuberculosis in Uganda. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180122. [PMID: 28767658 PMCID: PMC5540581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved systematic screening of high-risk groups is a key component of the tuberculosis (TB) elimination strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). We used a multiplex microbead immunoassay to measure antibody responses to 28 M. tuberculosis (M.tb) antigens, and assessed whether combinations of antibody responses achieve accuracy thresholds required for a TB screening test. METHODS A random selection of plasma samples obtained from consecutive HIV-negative adults who were admitted to Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda with cough ≥2 weeks' but <6 months' duration were analyzed for serological response to 28 M.tb antigens using an in-house multiplex microbead immunoassay. We compared the median difference of the antibody response to each antigen between patients with and without culture-confirmed TB, ranked each antigen according to variable importance (VIM), and assessed the sensitivity and specificity of combinations of antibody responses using an advanced classification algorithm, SuperLearner. RESULTS Among the 237 patients included in the analysis, 119 (50%) were female, median age was 32 years (IQR 25, 46), and 113 (48%) had TB. Median antibody levels to eight antigens were significantly different between patients with and without TB. A panel including eight of the top ranked antigens had a sensitivity of 90.6% (95% CI 89.4, 93.8) and a specificity of 88.6% (95% CI 78.2, 97.6) (Ag85B, Ag85A, Ag85C, Rv0934-P38, Rv3881, BfrB, Rv3873, and Rv2878c). With sensitivity constrained to be >90%, specificity remained close to 70% with as few as 3 antigens included in the panels. CONCLUSIONS Measuring antibody responses to combinations of antigens could facilitate TB screening and should be further evaluated in populations being targeted for systematic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya B. Shete
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California- San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco CA United States of America
- Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco CA United States of America
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis CA United States of America
| | - Emily Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California- San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco CA United States of America
| | - William Worodria
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala Uganda
| | - Lelia H. Chaisson
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD United States of America
| | - Alfred Andama
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala Uganda
| | - J. Lucian Davis
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven CT United States of America
- Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven CT United States of America
| | - Paul A. Luciw
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis CA United States of America
| | - Laurence Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California- San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco CA United States of America
- Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco CA United States of America
- HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine Division, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco CA United States of America
| | - Imran H. Khan
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis CA United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California- San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco CA United States of America
- Curry International Tuberculosis Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco CA United States of America
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Abstract
Among the animal models of tuberculosis (TB), the non-human primates, particularly rhesus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca mulatta), share the greatest anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. Macaques are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and manifest the complete spectrum of clinical and pathological manifestations of TB as seen in humans. Therefore, the macaque models have been used extensively for investigating the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis infection and for preclinical testing of drugs and vaccines against TB. This review focuses on published major studies that exemplify how the rhesus and cynomolgus macaques have enhanced and may continue to advance global efforts in TB research.
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Khaliq A, Ravindran R, Hussainy SF, Krishnan VV, Ambreen A, Yusuf NW, Irum S, Rashid A, Jamil M, Zaffar F, Chaudhry MN, Gupta PK, Akhtar MW, Khan IH. Field evaluation of a blood based test for active tuberculosis in endemic settings. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173359. [PMID: 28380055 PMCID: PMC5381859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 9 million new active tuberculosis (TB) cases emerge each year from an enormous pool of 2 billion individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) worldwide. About 3 million new TB cases per year are unaccounted for, and 1.5 million die. TB, however, is generally curable if diagnosed correctly and in a timely manner. The current diagnostic methods for TB, including state-of-the-art molecular tests, have failed in delivering the capacity needed in endemic countries to curtail this ongoing pandemic. Efficient, cost effective and scalable diagnostic approaches are critically needed. We report a multiplex TB serology panel using microbead suspension array containing a combination of 11 M.tb. antigens that demonstrated overall sensitivity of 91% in serum/plasma samples from TB patients confirmed by culture. Group wise sensitivities for sputum smear positive and negative patients were 95%, and 88%, respectively. Specificity of the test was 96% in untreated COPD patients and 91% in general healthy population. The sensitivity of this test is superior to that of the frontline sputum smear test with a comparable specificity (30–70%, and 93–99%, respectively). The multiplex serology test can be performed with scalability from 1 to 360 patients per day, and is amenable to automation for higher (1000s per day) throughput, thus enabling a scalable clinical work flow model for TB endemic countries. Taken together, the above results suggest that well defined antibody profiles in blood, analyzed by an appropriate technology platform, offer a valuable approach to TB diagnostics in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasia Khaliq
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Syed Fahadulla Hussainy
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Viwanathan V. Krishnan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Shagufta Irum
- Department of Pathology, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Fareed Zaffar
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Waheed Akhtar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (IHK); (MWA)
| | - Imran H. Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IHK); (MWA)
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THE TRIAL OF EXPERIMENTAL TEST-SYSTEM FOR THE SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTICS OF CATTLE TUBERCULOSIS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech9.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dehnad A, Ravindran R, Subbian S, Khan IH. Development of immune-biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis in a rabbit model. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101:1-7. [PMID: 27865378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) causes extensive morbidity and mortality worldwide with approximately 10 million new cases of active disease emerging mostly from a pool of two billion individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) every year. The underlying host immune responses that drive M. tb infection to active disease or latency are not well understood. We propose that identification and characterization of host immune biomarkers will be helpful to better understand the mechanisms that drive this process, and may, in addition, lead to the development of better diagnostic tools for TB. We have previously reported the profiles of plasma immune biomarkers in pulmonary TB patients in endemic countries, and in M. tb-infected nonhuman primates. However, biomarker profiling for a cost-effective and user-friendly animal model relevant to human disease, such as rabbit, has not been developed. One challenge in the analysis of circulating cytokines/chemokines for rabbit model of TB is the limited availability of validated immune-reagents. Here we report the use of a commercially available multiplex microbead human cytokine/chemokine panels as development platform for rabbit immune reagents. The results demonstrate their utility to determine circulating analytes and define their profiles related to TB in the rabbit model. In addition, we report the profiles of circulating anti-M. tb antibodies in the plasma of rabbits with active pulmonary TB. These studies show that the pattern of expression of circulating immune biomarkers correlate with TB pathology in rabbits, and are similar to those defined in pulmonary TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehnad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA.
| | - Imran H Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Villar-Vázquez R, Padilla G, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Suárez A, Fuente E, Pastor C, Calero M, Barderas R, Casal JI. Development of a novel multiplex beads-based assay for autoantibody detection for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Proteomics 2016; 16:1280-90. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roi Villar-Vázquez
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Guillermo Padilla
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Service; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Pastor
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery; Fundación Jiménez Díaz; Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- Alzheimer's Disease Centre; Reina Sofia Foundation; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED; National Institute of Health Carlos III; Majadahonda Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J. Ignacio Casal
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
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20
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Gender biased immune-biomarkers in active tuberculosis and correlation of their profiles to efficacy of therapy. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 99:17-24. [PMID: 27450000 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Active pulmonary TB is an inflammatory disease and is increasingly viewed as an imbalance of immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) infection. In addition, this immune imbalance may be gender biased (males have a higher prevalence of TB) but reasons for such bias are uncertain. We hypothesized that studies on profiles of immune-biomarkers will not only provide insight into molecular basis of gender bias but may also help identify biomarkers to monitor efficacy of TB therapy. We examined 10 plasma cytokine/chemokine/growth-factor and 8 antibody (against 8 M. tb. antigens) biomarkers (elevated in TB patients) by multiplex microbead immunoassays. In addition, we examined these biomarkers in patients under anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT). The results showed that female patients contained significantly higher levels of CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL10 (IP-10), while males contained higher levels of PDGF-BB. In contrast, more males than females contained antibodies against several antigens. Our results also show that there are progressive and substantial decreases in plasma levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, PDGF-BB, IFNγ, and IL-18, correlating with treatment success. Our results suggest that studies on gender bias in immunebiomarkers will enhance understanding of host responses in TB and would be valuable as biomarkers for monitoring efficacy of ATT.
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21
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Screening and identification of immunoactive peptide mimotopes for the enhanced serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:2279-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Burbelo PD, Keller J, Wagner J, Klimavicz JS, Bayat A, Rhodes CS, Diarra B, Chetchotisakd P, Suputtamongkol Y, Kiertiburanakul S, Holland SM, Browne SK, Siddiqui S, Kovacs JA. Serological diagnosis of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by LIPS using a multiple antigen mixture. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:205. [PMID: 26449888 PMCID: PMC4599810 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need for a simple and accurate test for the diagnosis of human Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the infectious agent causing tuberculosis (TB). Here we describe a serological test based on light emitting recombinant proteins for the diagnosis of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Methods Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS), a fluid-phase immunoassay, was used to examine antibody responses against a panel of 24 different M. tuberculosis proteins. Three different strategies were used for generating the constructs expressing the recombinant fusion M. tuberculosis proteins with luciferase: synthetic gene synthesis, Gateway recombination cloning, and custom PCR synthesis. A pilot cohort of African pulmonary TB patients was used for initial antibody screening and confirmatory studies with selected antigens were performed with a cohort from Thailand and healthy US blood donors. In addition to testing M. tuberculosis antigens separately, a mixture that tested seven antigens simultaneously was evaluated for diagnostic performance. Results LIPS testing of a pilot set of serum samples from African pulmonary TB patients identified a potential subset of diagnostically useful M. tuberculosis antigens. Evaluation of a second independent cohort from Thailand validated highly significant antibody responses against seven antigens (PstS1, Rv0831c, FbpA, EspB, bfrB, HspX and ssb), which often showed robust antibody levels up to 50- to 1000-fold higher than local community controls. Marked heterogeneity of antibody responses was observed in the patients and the combined results demonstrated 73.5 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for detection of pulmonary TB. A LIPS test simultaneously employing the seven M. tuberculosis antigen as a mixture matched the combined diagnostic performance of the separate tests, but showed an even higher diagnostic sensitivity (90 %) when a cut-off based on healthy US blood donors was used. Conclusion A LIPS immunoassay employing multiple M. tuberculosis antigens shows promise for the rapid and quantitative serological detection of pulmonary TB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0545-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Burbelo
- Dental Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Dental Clinical Research Core, NIDCR, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Rm. 5 N102/106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jason Keller
- Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jason Wagner
- Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - James S Klimavicz
- Dental Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Ahmad Bayat
- Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Craig S Rhodes
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Bassirou Diarra
- Project SEREFO, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.
| | | | | | | | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Sarah K Browne
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Sophia Siddiqui
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Joseph A Kovacs
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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23
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Tanigawa C, Fujii Y, Miura M, Nzou SM, Mwangi AW, Nagi S, Hamano S, Njenga SM, Mbanefo EC, Hirayama K, Mwau M, Kaneko S. Species-Specific Serological Detection for Schistosomiasis by Serine Protease Inhibitor (SERPIN) in Multiplex Assay. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004021. [PMID: 26291988 PMCID: PMC4546333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium cause schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the diagnostic value of selected Schistosoma antigens for the development of a multiplex serological immunoassay for sero-epidemiological surveillance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Diagnostic ability of recombinant antigens from S. mansoni and S. haematobium was assessed by Luminex multiplex immunoassay using plasma from school children in two areas of Kenya, endemic for different species of schistosomiasis. S. mansoni serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) and Sm-RP26 showed significantly higher reactivity to patient plasma as compared to the control group. Sm-Filamin, Sm-GAPDH, Sm-GST, Sm-LAP1, Sm-LAP2, Sm-Sm31, Sm-Sm32 and Sm-Tropomyosin did not show difference in reactivity between S. mansoni infected and uninfected pupils. Sm-RP26 was cross-reactive to plasma from S. haematobium patients, whereas Sm-SERPIN was species-specific. Sh-SEPRIN was partially cross-reactive to S. mansoni infected patients. ROC analysis for Sm-RP26, Sm-SERPIN and Sh-SERPIN showed AUC values of 0.833, 0.888 and 0.947, respectively. Using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis, we also found significant positive correlation between the number of excreted eggs and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) from the multiplex immunoassays for Sm-SERPIN (ρ = 0.430, p-value = 0.003) and Sh-SERPIN (ρ = 0.433, p-value = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Sm-SERPIN is a promising species-specific diagnostic antigen. Sh-SEPRIN was partially cross-reactive to S. mansoni infected patients. SERPINs showed correlation with the number of excreted eggs. These indicate prospects for inclusion of SERPINs in the multiplex serological immunoassay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tanigawa
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Fujii
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masashi Miura
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Samson Muuo Nzou
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine—Kenya Medical Research Institute Project, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia, Kenya
| | | | - Sachiyo Nagi
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine—Kenya Medical Research Institute Project, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sammy M. Njenga
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Matilu Mwau
- Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Busia, Kenya
- Consortium for National Health Research (CNHR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine—Kenya Medical Research Institute Project, Nairobi, Kenya
- Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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24
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Afzal M, Khurshid S, Khalid R, Paracha RZ, Khan IH, Akhtar MW. Fusion of selected regions of mycobacterial antigens for enhancing sensitivity in serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 115:104-11. [PMID: 26068786 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis requires detection of antibodies against multiple antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, because antibody profiles differ among the patients. Using fusion proteins with epitopes from two or more antigens would facilitate in the detection of multiple antibodies. Fusion constructs tn1FbpC1-tnPstS1 and tn2FbpC1-tnPstS1 were produced by linking truncated regions of variable lengths from FbpC1 to the N-terminus of the truncated PstS1. Similarly a truncated fragment of HSP was linked to the N-terminus of a truncated fragment from FbpC1 to produce tnHSP-tn1FbpC1. ELISA analysis of the plasma samples of TB patients against tn2FbpC1-tnPstS1 showed 72.2% sensitivity which is nearly the same as the expected combined value for the two individual antigens. However, the sensitivity of tn1FbpC1-tnPstS1 was lowered to 60%. tnHSP-tn1FbpC1 showed 67.7% sensitivity which is slightly less than the expected combined value for the two individual antigens, but still significantly higher than that of each of the individual antigen. Data for secondary structure analysis by CD spectrometry was in reasonable agreement with the X-ray crystallographic data of the native proteins and the predicted structure of the fusion proteins. Comparative molecular modeling suggests that the epitopes of the constituent proteins are better exposed in tn2FbpC1-tnPstS1 as compared to those in tn1FbpC1-tnPstS1. Therefore, removal of the N-terminal non-epitopic region of FbpC1 from 34-96 amino acids seems to have unmasked at least some of the epitopes, resulting in greater sensitivity. The high level of sensitivity of tn2FbpC1-tnPstS1 and tnHSP-tn1FbpC1, not reported before, shows that these fusion proteins have great potential for use in serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Afzal
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Khurshid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Ruqyya Khalid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Imran H Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
| | - M Waheed Akhtar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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Abstract
The use of animal models has been invaluable for studying the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, as well as for testing the efficacy of vaccines and drug regimens for tuberculosis. Among the applied animal models, nonhuman primates, particularly macaques, share the greatest anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. As such, macaque models have been used for investigating tuberculosis pathogenesis and preclinical testing of drugs and vaccines. This review focuses on published major studies which illustrate how the rhesus and cynomolgus macaques have enriched and may continue to advance the field of global tuberculosis research.
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Circulating B-lymphocytes as potential biomarkers of tuberculosis infection activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106796. [PMID: 25192196 PMCID: PMC4156407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection activity would significantly improve early diagnosis, treatment and management of M. tuberculosis infection. We hypothesised that circulating B-lymphocytes may be useful biomarkers of tuberculosis (TB) infection status in highly TB-endemic settings. Ex-vivo and in-vitro mycobacteria-specific B-cell ELISPOT assays were used to examine the plasmablast (PB) and memory B-cell (MBC) responses in the peripheral blood of adult, healthy, community controls (n = 151) and of active TB patients (n = 48) living in Uganda. Frequencies of mycobacteria-specific PBs were markedly higher in active TB patients compared to healthy controls, and, conversely, MBCs were markedly higher in the healthy controls compared to active TB patients. In addition, the community controls with evidence of latent TB infection had higher peripheral blood PB and MBC responses than those without evidence of TB infection. These data demonstrate that peripheral blood B-cell responses are differentially modulated during latent and active M. tuberculosis infection, and suggest that the PB to MBC ratio may be a useful biomarker of TB infection activity.
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de Serpa Brandão RMS, Soares Martins LM, de Andrade HM, Faria AR, Soares Leal MJ, da Silva AS, Wanke B, dos Santos Lazéra M, Vainstein MH, Mendes RP, Moris DV, de Souza Cavalcante R, do Monte SJH. Immunoreactivity of synthetic peptides derived from proteins of Cryptococcus gattii. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:871-8. [PMID: 25156376 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the immunoreactivity of synthetic Cryptococcus-derived peptides. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 63 B-cell epitopes from previously identified Cryptococcus gattii immunoreactive proteins were synthesized and evaluated as antigens in ELISAs. The peptides were first evaluated for their ability to react against sera from immunocompetent subjects carrying cryptococcal meningitis. Peptides that yielded high sensitivity and specificity in the first test were then retested with sera from individuals with other fungal pathologies for cross-reactivity determination. RESULTS Six of 63 synthetic peptides were recognized by antibodies in immunoassays, with a specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 78% and low cross-reactivity. CONCLUSION We successfully determined the immunoreactivity of selected synthetic peptides of C. gattii derived proteins.
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Fujii Y, Kaneko S, Nzou SM, Mwau M, Njenga SM, Tanigawa C, Kimotho J, Mwangi AW, Kiche I, Matsumoto S, Niki M, Osada-Oka M, Ichinose Y, Inoue M, Itoh M, Tachibana H, Ishii K, Tsuboi T, Yoshida LM, Mondal D, Haque R, Hamano S, Changoma M, Hoshi T, Kamo KI, Karama M, Miura M, Hirayama K. Serological surveillance development for tropical infectious diseases using simultaneous microsphere-based multiplex assays and finite mixture models. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3040. [PMID: 25078404 PMCID: PMC4117437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A strategy to combat infectious diseases, including neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), will depend on the development of reliable epidemiological surveillance methods. To establish a simple and practical seroprevalence detection system, we developed a microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay system and evaluated utility using samples obtained in Kenya. Methods We developed a microsphere-based immuno-assay system to simultaneously measure the individual levels of plasma antibody (IgG) against 8 antigens derived from 6 pathogens: Entamoeba histolytica (C-IgL), Leishmania donovani (KRP42), Toxoplasma gondii (SAG1), Wuchereria bancrofti (SXP1), HIV (gag, gp120 and gp41), and Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin). The assay system was validated using appropriate control samples. The assay system was applied for 3411 blood samples collected from the general population randomly selected from two health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) cohorts in the coastal and western regions of Kenya. The immunoassay values distribution for each antigen was mathematically defined by a finite mixture model, and cut-off values were optimized. Findings Sensitivities and specificities for each antigen ranged between 71 and 100%. Seroprevalences for each pathogen from the Kwale and Mbita HDSS sites (respectively) were as follows: HIV, 3.0% and 20.1%; L. donovani, 12.6% and 17.3%; E. histolytica, 12.8% and 16.6%; and T. gondii, 30.9% and 28.2%. Seroprevalences of W. bancrofti and V. cholerae showed relatively high figures, especially among children. The results might be affected by immunological cross reactions between W. bancrofti-SXP1 and other parasitic infections; and cholera toxin and the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), respectively. Interpretation A microsphere-based multi-serological assay system can provide an opportunity to comprehensively grasp epidemiological features for NTDs. By adding pathogens and antigens of interest, optimized made-to-order high-quality programs can be established to utilize limited resources to effectively control NTDs in Africa. Monitoring the distribution of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a key to controlling their spread in Africa. Currently, such surveillance is conducted independently for each NTD. To tackle this problem, we developed a microsphere-based system to permit simultaneous measurement of IgG antibody levels for antigens from six infectious diseases: Entamoeba histolytica, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondii, Wuchereria bancrofti, HIV, and Vibrio cholerae. Using this system, we conducted a serological survey using two health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) areas in coastal and western Kenya. We randomly selected 4,600 individuals according to sex and age group, of whom 3411 agreed to participate in the study. Mathematical analyses of the distributions of the participants' reactivity to each antigen and the reactivity of the sero-positive and -negative controls indicated that this system could be used to monitor infections, especially, those associated with HIV, filariasis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, and amebiasis. For the practical development and eventual implementation of actual programs in Africa, pathogens and antigens of interest can be added to optimize made-to-order monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Fujii
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Samson Muuo Nzou
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Busia, Kenya
| | - Matilu Mwau
- Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Busia, Kenya
| | - Sammy M. Njenga
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chihiro Tanigawa
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - James Kimotho
- Production Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Wanjiru Mwangi
- Production Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ibrahim Kiche
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Thomas Odhiambo Campus, Mbita, International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Mbita, Kenya
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamiko Niki
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ichinose
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Research Station, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Inoue
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Itoh
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Lay Myint Yoshida
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mwatasa Changoma
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tomonori Hoshi
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kamo
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Karama
- Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Centre of Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Masashi Miura
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Ravindran R, Krishnan VV, Dhawan R, Wunderlich ML, Lerche NW, Flynn JL, Luciw PA, Khan IH. Plasma antibody profiles in non-human primate tuberculosis. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:59-71. [PMID: 24446897 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) in non-human primates (NHPs) is highly contagious, requiring efficient identification of animals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculin skin test is usually used but lacks desirable sensitivity/specificity and efficiency. METHODS We aimed to develop an immunoassay for plasma antibodies against M. tuberculosis. A key challenge is that not all infected animals contain antibodies against the same M. tuberculosis antigen. Therefore, a multiplex panel of 28 antigens (Luminex(®) -Platform) was developed. RESULTS Data revealed antibodies against eight antigens (Rv3875, Rv3875-Rv3874 fusion, Rv3874, Rv0934, Rv3881, Rv1886c, Rv2031, Rv3841) in experimentally infected (M. tuberculosis strains: Erdman and H37Rv) NHPs (rhesus and cynomolgus macaques). In a naturally acquired M. tuberculosis infection, rhesus macaques (n = 15) with lung TB pathology (n = 10) contained antibodies to five additional antigens (Rv0831, Rv2220, Rv0054, Rv1099, and Rv0129c). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that this user-friendly and easily implementable multiplex panel, containing 13 M. tuberculosis antigens, may provide a high-throughput alternative for NHP TB screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Ravindran
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Siltanen C, Shin DS, Sutcliffe J, Revzin A. Micropatterned photodegradable hydrogels for the sorting of microbeads and cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9224-8. [PMID: 23868693 PMCID: PMC4370904 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Siltanen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Dong-Sik Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Julie Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
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Siltanen C, Shin D, Sutcliffe J, Revzin A. Micropatterned Photodegradable Hydrogels for the Sorting of Microbeads and Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Siltanen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Dong‐Sik Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Julie Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
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Mycobacterium smegmatis in skin biopsy specimens from patients with suppurative granulomatous inflammation. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1028-30. [PMID: 23303491 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03421-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens, including 72 suppurative granulomatous inflammation (SGI) and 47 non-SGI controls, were tested for mycobacteria by using a broad-range PCR and a suspension array identification system. Mycobacterium smegmatis was detected in 13 (18.1%) of the SGI skin biopsy specimens, which was significantly more than 2 (4.3%) in the controls (odds ratio, 5.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 27.06; P = 0.028).
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Yang H, Chen H, Liu Z, Ma H, Qin L, Jin R, Zheng R, Feng Y, Cui Z, Wang J, Liu J, Hu Z. A novel B-cell epitope identified within Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP10/ESAT-6 protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52848. [PMID: 23308124 PMCID: PMC3538682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP10) and 6-kDa early-secreted target antigen (ESAT-6) play important roles in mycobacterial virulence and pathogenesis through a 1∶1 complex formation (CFP10/ESAT-6 protein, CE protein), which have been used in discriminating TB patients from BCG-vaccinated individuals. The B-cell epitopes of CFP10 and ESAT-6 separately have been analyzed before, however, the epitopes of the CE protein are unclear and the precise epitope in the positions 40 to 62 of ESAT-6 is still unknown. Methods In the present study, we searched for the B-cell epitopes of CE protein by using phage-display library biopanning with the anti-CE polyclonal antibodies. The epitopes were identified by sequence alignment, binding affinity and specificity detection, generation of polyclonal mouse sera and detection of TB patient sera. Results One linear B-cell epitope (KWDAT) consistent with the 162nd–166th sequence of CE and the 57th–61st sequence of ESAT-6 protein was selected and identified. Significantly higher titers of E5 peptide-binding antibodies were found in the sera of TB patients compared with those of healthy individuals. Conclusion There was a B-cell epitope for CE and ESAT-6 protein in the position 40 to 62 of ESAT-6. E5 peptide may be useful in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis, which need to be further confirmed by more sera samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhen Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhua Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiliang Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijuan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (ZH)
| | - Zhongyi Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (ZH)
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Maas M, Michel AL, Rutten VPMG. Facts and dilemmas in diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 36:269-85. [PMID: 23218541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, causing bovine tuberculosis (BTB), has been recognized as a global threat at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, a clear "One Health" issue. Several wildlife species have been identified as maintenance hosts. Spillover of infection from these species to livestock or other wildlife species may have economic and conservation implications and infection of humans causes public health concerns, especially in developing countries. Most BTB management strategies rely on BTB testing, which can be performed for a range of purposes, from disease surveillance to diagnosing individual infected animals. New diagnostic assays are being developed for selected wildlife species. This review investigates the most frequent objectives and associated requirements for testing wildlife for tuberculosis at the level of individual animals as well as small and large populations. By aligning those with the available (immunological) ante mortem diagnostic assays, the practical challenges and limitations wildlife managers and researchers are currently faced with are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maas
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Verma-Kumar S, Abraham D, Dendukuri N, Cheeran JV, Sukumar R, Balaji KN. Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Southern India: a latent class analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49548. [PMID: 23166708 PMCID: PMC3500311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a causative agent of chronic tuberculosis disease, is widespread among some animal species too. There is paucity of information on the distribution, prevalence and true disease status of tuberculosis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of serological tests to diagnose M. tuberculosis infection in captive elephants in southern India while simultaneously estimating sero-prevalence. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Health assessment of 600 elephants was carried out and their sera screened with a commercially available rapid serum test. Trunk wash culture of select rapid serum test positive animals yielded no animal positive for M. tuberculosis isolation. Under Indian field conditions where the true disease status is unknown, we used a latent class model to estimate the diagnostic characteristics of an existing (rapid serum test) and new (four in-house ELISA) tests. One hundred and seventy nine sera were randomly selected for screening in the five tests. Diagnostic sensitivities of the four ELISAs were 91.3-97.6% (95% Credible Interval (CI): 74.8-99.9) and diagnostic specificity were 89.6-98.5% (95% CI: 79.4-99.9) based on the model we assumed. We estimate that 53.6% (95% CI: 44.6-62.8) of the samples tested were free from infection with M. tuberculosis and 15.9% (97.5% CI: 9.8 - to 24.0) tested positive on all five tests. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide evidence for high prevalence of asymptomatic M. tuberculosis infection in Asian elephants in a captive Indian setting. Further validation of these tests would be important in formulating area-specific effective surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Verma-Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - David Abraham
- Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandini Dendukuri
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Raman Sukumar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Jensen K, Ranganathan UDK, Van Rompay KKA, Canfield DR, Khan I, Ravindran R, Luciw PA, Jacobs WR, Fennelly G, Larsen MH, Abel K. A recombinant attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine strain is safe in immunosuppressed simian immunodeficiency virus-infected infant macaques. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1170-81. [PMID: 22695156 PMCID: PMC3416096 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00184-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many resource-poor countries are faced with concurrent epidemics of AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Dual infections with HIV and M. tuberculosis are especially severe in infants. There is, however, no effective HIV vaccine, and the only licensed TB vaccine, the Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, can cause disseminated mycobacterial disease in HIV-infected children. Thus, a pediatric vaccine to prevent HIV and M. tuberculosis infections is urgently needed. We hypothesized that a highly attenuated M. tuberculosis strain containing HIV antigens could be safely administered at birth and induce mucosal and systemic immune responses to protect against HIV and TB infections, and we rationalized that vaccine safety could be most rigorously assessed in immunocompromised hosts. Of three vaccine candidates tested, the recombinant attenuated M. tuberculosis strain mc(2)6435 carrying a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag expression plasmid and harboring attenuations of genes critical for replication (panCD and leuCD) and immune evasion (secA2), was found to be safe for oral or intradermal administration to non-SIV-infected and SIV-infected infant macaques. Safety was defined as the absence of clinical symptoms, a lack of histopathological changes indicative of M. tuberculosis infection, and a lack of mycobacterial dissemination. These data represent an important step in the development of novel TB vaccines and suggest that a combination recombinant attenuated M. tuberculosis-HIV vaccine could be a safe alternative to BCG for the pediatric population as a whole and, more importantly, for the extreme at-risk group of HIV-infected infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Jensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Koen K. A. Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Don R. Canfield
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Imran Khan
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Resmi Ravindran
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paul A. Luciw
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Glenn Fennelly
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Kristina Abel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Phuah JY, Mattila JT, Lin PL, Flynn JL. Activated B cells in the granulomas of nonhuman primates infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:508-14. [PMID: 22721647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis, host immune cells form a granuloma as a physical and immunological barrier. To date, the contribution of humoral immunity, including antibodies and specific functions of B cells, to M. tuberculosis infection in humans remains largely unknown. Recent studies in mice show that humoral immunity can alter M. tuberculosis infection outcomes. M. tuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques recapitulates essentially all aspects of human tuberculosis. As a first step toward understanding the importance of humoral immunity to control of M. tuberculosis infection in primates, we characterized the B-cell and plasma-cell populations in infected animals and found that B cells are present primarily in clusters within the granuloma. The B-cell clusters are in close proximity to peripheral node addressin-positive cells and contain cells positive for Ki-67, a proliferation marker. Granuloma B cells also express CXCR5 and have elevated HLA-DR expression. Tissues containing M. tuberculosis bacilli had higher levels of M. tuberculosis-specific IgG, compared with uninvolved tissue from the same monkeys. Plasma cells detected within the granuloma produced mycobacteria-specific antibodies. Together, these data demonstrate that B cells are present and actively secreting antibodies specific for M. tuberculosis antigens at the site of infection, including lung granulomas and thoracic lymph nodes. These antibodies likely have the capacity to modulate local control of infection in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao Phuah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Lowenstine LJ, Osborn KG. Respiratory System Diseases of Nonhuman Primates. NONHUMAN PRIMATES IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 2012. [PMCID: PMC7158299 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381366-4.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Plasma antibody profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for tuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:2148-53. [PMID: 21976221 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05304-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two billion people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), worldwide. Ten million to 20 million of the infected individuals develop disease per year. TB is a treatable disease, provided that it is diagnosed in a timely manner. The current TB diagnostic methods are subjective, inefficient, or not cost-effective. Antibody-based blood tests can be used efficiently and cost-effectively for TB diagnosis. A major challenge is that different TB patients generate antibodies against different antigens. Therefore, a multiplex immunoassay approach is needed. We have developed a multiplex panel of 28 M. tuberculosis antigen-coated microbeads. Plasma samples were obtained from over 300 pulmonary TB patients and healthy controls in a country where TB is endemic, Pakistan. Multiplex data were analyzed using computational tools by multivariate statistics, classification algorithms, and cluster analysis. The results of antibody profile-based detection, using 16 selected antigens, closely correlated with those of the sputum-based diagnostic methods (smear microscopy and culture) practiced in countries where TB is endemic. Multiplex microbead immunoassay had a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 90% and 80%, respectively. These antibody profiles could potentially be useful for the diagnosis of nonpulmonary TB, which accounts for approximately 20% of cases of disease. Since an automated, high-throughput version of this multiplex microbead immunoassay could analyze thousands of samples per day, it may be useful for the diagnosis of TB in millions of patients worldwide.
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Liao Q, Guo H, Tang M, Touzjian N, Lerche NW, Lu Y, Yee JL. Simultaneous detection of antibodies to five simian viruses in nonhuman primates using recombinant viral protein based multiplex microbead immunoassays. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:143-52. [PMID: 21945221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Routine screening for infectious agents is critical in establishing and maintaining specific pathogen free (SPF) nonhuman primate (NHP) colonies. More efficient, higher throughput, less costly reagent, and reduced sample consumption multiplex microbead immunoassays (MMIAs) using purified viral lysates have been developed previously to address some disadvantages of the traditional individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. To overcome some of the technical and biosafety difficulties in preparing antigens from live viruses for viral lysate protein based MMIAs, novel MMIAs using recombinant glycoprotein D precursor (gD) protein of herpesvirus B and four viral gag proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), simian T Cell lymphotropic virus (STLV), simian foamy virus (SFV), and simian betaretrovirus (SRV) as antigens have been developed in the current study. The data showed that the recombinant viral protein based MMIAs detected simultaneously antibodies to each of these five viruses with high sensitivity and specificity, and correlated well with viral lysate based MMIAs. Therefore, recombinant viral protein based MMIA is an effective and efficient routine screening method to determine the infection status of nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liao
- Vaccine Laboratory, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
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Siddiqui KF, Amir M, Agrewala JN. Understanding the biology of 16 kDa antigen ofMycobacterium tuberculosis: Scope in diagnosis, vaccine design and therapy. Crit Rev Microbiol 2011; 37:349-57. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2011.606425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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LÉCU A, BALL R. Mycobacterial infections in zoo animals: relevance, diagnosis and management*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1090.2011.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Protein microarrays and biomarkers of infectious disease. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5165-83. [PMID: 21614200 PMCID: PMC3100839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein microarrays are powerful tools that are widely used in systems biology research. For infectious diseases, proteome microarrays assembled from proteins of pathogens will play an increasingly important role in discovery of diagnostic markers, vaccines, and therapeutics. Distinct formats of protein microarrays have been developed for different applications, including abundance-based and function-based methods. Depending on the application, design issues should be considered, such as the need for multiplexing and label or label free detection methods. New developments, challenges, and future demands in infectious disease research will impact the application of protein microarrays for discovery and validation of biomarkers.
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Correlation between serum and plasma antibody titers to mycobacterial antigens. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 18:173-5. [PMID: 21047999 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00325-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to utilize serum or plasma samples interchangeably is useful for tuberculosis (TB) serology. We demonstrate a strong correlation between antibody titers to several mycobacterial antigens in serum versus plasma from HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected TB and non-TB patients (r = 0.99 to 0.89; P < 0.0001). Plasma and serum can be used interchangeably in the same antibody detection assays.
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Zhao JW, Sun ZQ, Yang HG, Zhang CZ, Yu XL, Wen ZL, Gao YF, Guo XK, Qi YM, Zhang SL. Cloning, expression and immunological evaluation of a short fragment from Rv3391 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Validation of multiplex microbead immunoassay for simultaneous serodetection of multiple infectious agents in laboratory mouse. J Immunol Methods 2010; 363:51-9. [PMID: 20965193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex methodologies enable simultaneous detection of antibodies against several infectious agents allowing sample conservation, cost effectiveness, and amenability to high-throughput/automation. We have previously described a multiplex microbead immunoassay for serodetection of ten, high-priority mouse infectious pathogens. Here, we present a validation of this multiplex diagnostic system using approximately four hundred serum samples from different groups of mice. Computer assisted multivariate analysis of the resulting high volume data (8000 data points) was performed. This computational approach enabled presentation of data in a variety of easily interpretable formats (e.g., correlation tables and heat maps). Importantly, this computer aided approach was instrumental for the evaluation of assay accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and robustness during the study. Crucial pieces of information were obtained to make timely adjustments for assay refinement. This progressive approach to developing an implementation-ready clinical assay, facilitated by computational analysis, produced a highly efficient, accurate and dependable serodiagnostics system. This system has effectively replaced the current state-of-the-art methodology (ELISA) used in mouse colony health management at the University of California and the Jackson Laboratory. A pathway to develop multiplex serology tests for infectious disease diagnosis described here serves as a model for multiplex immunoassay design, clinical validation, refinement and implementation.
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Kanthaswamy S, Kou A, Satkoski J, Penedo MCT, Ward T, Ng J, Gill L, Lerche NW, Erickson BJA, Smith DG. Genetic characterization of specific pathogen-free rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) populations at the California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC). Am J Primatol 2010; 72:587-99. [PMID: 20162538 PMCID: PMC2941796 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A study based on 14 STRs was conducted to understand intergenerational genetic changes that have occurred within the California National Primate Research Center's (CNPRC) regular specific pathogen-free (SPF) and super-SPF captive rhesus macaque populations relative to their conventional founders. Intergenerational genetic drift has caused age cohorts of each study population, especially within the conventional population, to become increasingly differentiated from each other and from their founders. Although there is still only minimal stratification between the conventional population and either of the two SPF populations, separate derivation of the regular and super-SPF animals from their conventional founders has caused the two SPF populations to remain marginally different from each other. The regular SPF and, especially, the super-SPF populations have been influenced by the effects of differential ancestry, sampling, and lost rare alleles, causing a substantial degree of genetic divergence between these subpopulations. The country of origin of founders is the principal determinant of the MHC haplotype composition of the SPF stocks at the CNPRC. Selection of SPF colony breeders bearing desired genotypes of Mamu-A*01 or -B*01 has not affected the overall genetic heterogeneity of the conventional and the SPF research stocks.Because misclassifying the ancestry of research stocks can undermine experimental outcomes by excluding animals with regional-specific genotypes or phenotypes of importance, understanding founder/descendent genetic relationships is crucial for investigating candidate genes with distinct geographic origins. Together with demographic management, population genetic assessments of SPF colonies can curtail excessive phenotypic variation among the study stocks and facilitate successful production goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Kanthaswamy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Antibody microarray typing, a novel technique for Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 80:274-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Doherty TM, Wallis RS, Zumla A. Biomarkers of disease activity, cure, and relapse in tuberculosis. Clin Chest Med 2010; 30:783-96, x. [PMID: 19925967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The changing face of tuberculosis, with epidemics fueled by HIV and urbanization in much of the world and a relative increase in the importance of latent tuberculosis as a source of cases in the more economically developed countries, has led to a demand for more robust, clinically applicable diagnostic tools. As a result, research aiming to identify biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease has flourished. This article discusses the most recent findings of that work.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mark Doherty
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 København S, Denmark.
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50
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Zhang G, Zhang L, Zhang M, Pan L, Wang F, Huang J, Li G, Yu J, Hu S. Screening and assessing 11 Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins as potential serodiagnostical markers for discriminating TB patients from BCG vaccinees. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2010; 7:107-15. [PMID: 19944383 PMCID: PMC5054411 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(08)60039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests often yield poor specificity, so that to develop new serological antigens for distinguishing between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is a priority, especially for developing countries like China. We predicted the antigenicity for selected open reading frames (ORFs) based on the genome sequences of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis BCG, as well as their functions and differences of expression under different stimulus. The candidate ORFs were cloned from H37Rv sequences and expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. We studied the serodiagnostic potential of 11 purified recombinants by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and involving a cohort composed of 58 TB patients (34 males and 24 females), 8 healthy volunteers and 50 PPD-negative individuals before and after BCG vaccination. For all the 11 antigens, the median OD values for the sera from TB patients were statistically significantly higher than those for PPD-negative individuals before or after BCG vaccination (P<0.01). They had at least 92% specificity in healthy controls and six seroantigens (Rv0251c, Rv1973, Rv2376c, Rv2537c, Rv2785c and Rv3873A) were never reported with seroantigenicities previously. Thus the approach combining comparative genomics, bioinformatics and ELISA techniques can be employed to identify new seroantigens distinguishing M. tuberculosis infection from BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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