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Ratnasiri K, Zheng H, Toh J, Yao Z, Duran V, Donato M, Roederer M, Kamath M, Todd JPM, Gagne M, Foulds KE, Francica JR, Corbett KS, Douek DC, Seder RA, Einav S, Blish CA, Khatri P. Systems immunology of transcriptional responses to viral infection identifies conserved antiviral pathways across macaques and humans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113706. [PMID: 38294906 PMCID: PMC10915397 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral pandemics and epidemics pose a significant global threat. While macaque models of viral disease are routinely used, it remains unclear how conserved antiviral responses are between macaques and humans. Therefore, we conducted a cross-species analysis of transcriptomic data from over 6,088 blood samples from macaques and humans infected with one of 31 viruses. Our findings demonstrate that irrespective of primate or viral species, there are conserved antiviral responses that are consistent across infection phase (acute, chronic, or latent) and viral genome type (DNA or RNA viruses). Leveraging longitudinal data from experimental challenges, we identify virus-specific response kinetics such as host responses to Coronaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae infections peaking 1-3 days earlier than responses to Filoviridae and Arenaviridae viral infections. Our results underscore macaque studies as a powerful tool for understanding viral pathogenesis and immune responses that translate to humans, with implications for viral therapeutic development and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalani Ratnasiri
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiaying Toh
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Veronica Duran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megha Kamath
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul M Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph R Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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2
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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection. Pathogens 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 38251342 PMCID: PMC10820042 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential for studying disease pathogenesis and to test the efficacy and safety of new vaccines and therapeutics. For most diseases, there is no single model that can recapitulate all features of the human condition, so it is vital to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each. The purpose of this review is to describe popular comparative animal models, including mice, ferrets, hamsters, and non-human primates (NHPs), that are being used to study clinical and pathological changes caused by influenza A virus infection with the aim to aid in appropriate model selection for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55108, USA; (N.M.K.); (Y.L.)
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Ma Q, Ma W, Song TZ, Wu Z, Liu Z, Hu Z, Han JB, Xu L, Zeng B, Wang B, Sun Y, Yu DD, Wu Q, Yao YG, Zheng YT, Wang X. Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of multiple organs in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Zool Res 2022; 43:1041-1062. [PMID: 36349357 PMCID: PMC9700497 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes diverse clinical manifestations and tissue injuries in multiple organs. However, cellular and molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated pathology and immune defense features in different organs remains incomplete. Here, we profiled approximately 77 000 single-nucleus transcriptomes of the lung, liver, kidney, and cerebral cortex in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls. Integrated analysis of the multi-organ dataset suggested that the liver harbored the strongest global transcriptional alterations. We observed prominent impairment in lung epithelial cells, especially in AT2 and ciliated cells, and evident signs of fibrosis in fibroblasts. These lung injury characteristics are similar to those reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, we found suppressed MHC class I/II molecular activity in the lung, inflammatory response in the liver, and activation of the kynurenine pathway, which induced the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Analysis of the kidney dataset highlighted tropism of tubule cells to SARS-CoV-2, and we found membranous nephropathy (an autoimmune disease) caused by podocyte dysregulation. In addition, we identified the pathological states of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex, providing molecular insights into COVID-19-related neurological implications. Overall, our multi-organ single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques broadens our understanding of disease features and antiviral immune defects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Zhaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenxiang Hu
- LivzonBio, Inc., Zhuhai, Guangdong 519045, China
| | - Jian-Bao Han
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China. E-mail:
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming National High-Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. E-mail:
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Inherent heterogeneity of influenza A virus stability following aerosolization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0227121. [PMID: 34985975 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02271-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient human-to-human transmission represents a necessary adaptation for a zoonotic influenza A virus (IAV) to cause a pandemic. As such, many emerging IAVs are characterized for transmissibility phenotypes in mammalian models, with an emphasis on elucidating viral determinants of transmission and the role host immune responses contribute to mammalian adaptation. Investigations of virus infectivity and stability in aerosols concurrent with transmission assessments have increased in recent years, enhancing our understanding of this dynamic process. Here, we employ a diverse panel of 17 human and zoonotic IAVs, inclusive of seasonally circulating H1N1 and H3N2 viruses, and avian and swine viruses associated with human infection, to evaluate differences in spray factor (a value that assesses efficiency of the aerosolization process), stability, and infectivity following aerosolization. While most seasonal influenza viruses did not exhibit substantial variability within these parameters, there was more heterogeneity among zoonotic influenza viruses, which possess a diverse range of transmission phenotypes. Aging of aerosols at different relative humidities identified strain-specific levels of stability with different profiles identified between zoonotic H3, H5, and H7 subtype viruses associated with human infection. As studies continue to elucidate the complex components governing virus transmissibility, notably aerosol matrices and environmental parameters, considering the relative role of subtype- and strain-specific factors to modulate these parameters will improve our understanding of the pandemic potential of zoonotic influenza A viruses. Importance Transmission of respiratory pathogens through the air can facilitate the rapid and expansive spread of infection and disease through a susceptible population. While seasonal influenza viruses are quite capable of airborne spread, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how well influenza viruses remain viable after aerosolization, and if influenza viruses capable of jumping species barriers to cause human infection differ in this property from seasonal strains. We evaluated a diverse panel of influenza viruses associated with human infection (originating from human, avian, and swine reservoirs) for their ability to remain viable after aerosolization in the laboratory under a range of conditions. We found greater diversity among avian and swine-origin viruses compared with seasonal influenza viruses; strain-specific stability was also noted. Although influenza virus stability in aerosols is an underreported property, if molecular markers associated with enhanced stability are identified, we will be able to quickly recognize emerging strains of influenza that present the greatest pandemic threat.
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Respiratory Tract Explant Infection Dynamics of Influenza A Virus in California Sea Lions, Northern Elephant Seals, and Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2021; 95:e0040321. [PMID: 34037419 PMCID: PMC8312873 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00403-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand susceptibility of wild California sea lions and Northern elephant seals to influenza A virus (IAV), we developed an ex vivo respiratory explant model and used it to compare infection kinetics for multiple IAV subtypes. We first established the approach using explants from colonized rhesus macaques, a model for human IAV. Trachea, bronchi, and lungs from 11 California sea lions, 2 Northern elephant seals, and 10 rhesus macaques were inoculated within 24 h postmortem with 6 strains representing 4 IAV subtypes. Explants from the 3 species showed similar IAV infection kinetics, with peak viral titers 48 to 72 h post-inoculation that increased by 2 to 4 log10 PFU/explant relative to the inoculum. Immunohistochemistry localized IAV infection to apical epithelial cells. These results demonstrate that respiratory tissue explants from wild marine mammals support IAV infection. In the absence of the ability to perform experimental infections of marine mammals, this ex vivo culture of respiratory tissues mirrors the in vivo environment and serves as a tool to study IAV susceptibility, host range, and tissue tropism. IMPORTANCE Although influenza A virus can infect marine mammals, a dearth of marine mammal cell lines and ethical and logistical challenges prohibiting experimental infections of living marine mammals mean that little is known about IAV infection kinetics in these species. We circumvented these limitations by adapting a respiratory tract explant model first to establish the approach with rhesus macaques and then for use with explants from wild marine mammals euthanized for nonrespiratory medical conditions. We observed that multiple strains representing 4 IAV subtypes infected trachea, bronchi, and lungs of macaques and marine mammals with variable peak titers and kinetics. This ex vivo model can define infection dynamics for IAV in marine mammals. Further, use of explants from animals euthanized for other reasons reduces use of animals in research.
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Pinski AN, Maroney KJ, Marzi A, Messaoudi I. Distinct transcriptional responses to fatal Ebola virus infection in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques suggest species-specific immune responses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1320-1330. [PMID: 34112056 PMCID: PMC8253202 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1942229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a negative single-stranded RNA virus within the Filoviridae family and the causative agent of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Nonhuman primates (NHPs), including cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, are considered the gold standard animal model to interrogate mechanisms of EBOV pathogenesis. However, despite significant genetic similarity (>90%), NHP species display different clinical presentation following EBOV infection, notably a ∼1-2 days delay in disease progression. Consequently, evaluation of therapeutics is generally conducted in rhesus macaques, whereas cynomolgus macaques are utilized to determine efficacy of preventative treatments, notably vaccines. This observation is in line with reported differences in disease severity and host responses between these two NHP following infection with simian varicella virus, influenza A and SARS-CoV-2. However, the molecular underpinnings of these differential outcomes following viral infections remain poorly defined. In this study, we compared published transcriptional profiles obtained from cynomolgus and rhesus macaques infected with the EBOV-Makona Guinea C07 using bivariate and regression analyses to elucidate differences in host responses. We report the presence of a shared core of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reflecting EVD pathology, including aberrant inflammation, lymphopenia, and coagulopathy. However, the magnitudes of change differed between the two macaque species. These findings suggest that the differential clinical presentation of EVD in these two species is mediated by altered transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Pinski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Maroney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, USA.,Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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7
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Nandi JS, Rathore SS, Mathur BR. Transmission of infectious viruses in the natural setting at human-animal interface. CURRENT RESEARCH IN VIROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 2:100008. [PMID: 34250513 PMCID: PMC8256691 DOI: 10.1016/j.crviro.2021.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most viral pathogens causing epidemics and pandemics are zoonotic, emerging from wildlife reservoirs like SARS CoV2 causing the global Covid-19 pandemic, although animal origin of this virus remains a mystery. Cross-species transmission of pathogens from animals to humans is known as zoonosis. However, pathogens are also transmitted from humans to animals in regions where there is a close interaction between animals and humans by 'reverse transmission' (anthroponosis). Molecular evidence for the transmission of two zoonotic RNA viruses at the human-monkey interface in Rajasthan forests is presented here: a) the apathogenic Simian Foamy Viruses (SFV), and b): Influenza A viruses (IAV)-like virus, etiologic agent for human flu infecting wild Indian rhesus monkeys inhabiting Rajasthan forests. The data provide critical information on ecology and evolution of viruses of Public Health relevance. During replication, viral genomes mutate along the transmission route to adapt to the new hosts, generating new variants that are likely to have properties different from the founder viruses. Wild Indian monkeys are under-sampled for monitoring infectious diseases mainly because of the difficulties with sample collection. Monkeys are perceived as religious icons by the Hindus in India. It is extremely difficult to obtain permission from the Forest and Wildlife Department government authorities to collect wild simian blood samples for surveillance of infectious diseases caused by viral pathogens. Reducing animal-human contact and affordable vaccination are two relevant anti-viral strategies to counteract the spread of infectious zoonotic pathogens. Genbank Accession numbers: Indian SFVmac: ADN94420, IAV like virus: MZ298601.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shravan Singh Rathore
- Senior Wildlife Veterinarian, Machiya Biological Park, Post Office Saran Nagar Jodhpur, 342015, India
| | - Bajrang Raj Mathur
- Veterinary Expert, Government Veterinary Services, 6, Kamla Nehru Nagar, 1B1, Jodhpur, 342001, Rajasthan, India
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Mooij P, Mortier D, Stammes M, Fagrouch Z, Verschoor EJ, Bogers WMJM, Koopman G. Aerosolized pH1N1 influenza infection induces less systemic and local immune activation in the lung than combined intrabronchial, nasal and oral exposure in cynomolgus macaques. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1229-1241. [PMID: 32975505 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates form an important animal model for the evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy of novel 'universal' vaccine candidates against influenza virus. However, in most studies a combination of intra-tracheal or intra-bronchial, oral and nasal virus inoculation is used with a standard virus dose of between 1 and 10 million tissue culture infective doses, which differs from typical modes of virus exposure in humans. This paper studies the systemic and local inflammatory and immune effects of aerosolized versus combined-route exposure to pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. In agreement with a previous study, both combined-route and aerosol exposure resulted in similar levels of virus replication in nose, throat and lung lavages. However, the acute release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, acute monocyte activation in peripheral blood as well as increased cytokine production and T-cell proliferation in the lungs were only observed after combined-route infection and not after aerosol exposure. Longitudinal evaluation by computed tomography demonstrated persistence of lung lesions after resolution of the infection and a tendency for more lesions in the lower lung lobes after combined-route exposure versus upper and middle lung lobes after aerosol exposure. Computed tomography scores were observed to correlate with fever. In conclusion, influenza virus infection by aerosol exposure is accompanied by less immune-activation and inflammation in comparison with direct virus installation, despite similar levels of virus replication and development of lesions in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Daniella Mortier
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Stammes
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M J M Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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Upchurch K, Wiest M, Cardenas J, Skinner J, Nattami D, Lanier B, Millard M, Joo H, Turner J, Oh S. Whole blood transcriptional variations between responders and non-responders in asthma patients receiving omalizumab. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:1017-1034. [PMID: 32472607 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-IgE (omalizumab) has been used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma that is not controlled by inhaled steroids. Despite its success, it does not always provide patients with significant clinical benefits. OBJECTIVE To investigate the transcriptional variations between omalizumab responders and non-responders and to study the mechanisms of action of omalizumab. METHODS The whole blood transcriptomes of moderate-to-severe adult asthma patients (N = 45:34 responders and 11 non-responders) were analysed over the course of omalizumab treatment. Non-asthmatic healthy controls (N = 17) were used as controls. RESULTS Transcriptome variations between responders and non-responders were identified using the genes significant (FDR < 0.05) in at least one comparison of each patient response status and time point compared with control subjects. Using gene ontology and network analysis, eight clusters of genes were identified. Longitudinal analyses of individual clusters revealed that responders could maintain changes induced with omalizumab treatment and become more similar to the control subjects, while non-responders tend to remain more similar to their pre-treatment baseline. Further analysis of an inflammatory gene cluster revealed that genes associated with neutrophil/eosinophil activities were up-regulated in non-responders and, more importantly, omalizumab did not significantly alter their expression levels. The application of modular analysis supported our findings and further revealed variations between responders and non-responders. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides not only transcriptional variations between omalizumab responders and non-responders, but also molecular insights for controlling asthma by omalizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Wiest
- Baylor University, Institute for Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jacob Cardenas
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Skinner
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Durgha Nattami
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bobby Lanier
- North Texas Institute for Clinical Trials, Ft Worth, TX, USA
| | - Mark Millard
- Martha Foster Lung Care Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Baylor University, Institute for Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jacob Turner
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - SangKon Oh
- Baylor University, Institute for Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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10
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Manickam C, Shah SV, Lucar O, Ram DR, Reeves RK. Cytokine-Mediated Tissue Injury in Non-human Primate Models of Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2862. [PMID: 30568659 PMCID: PMC6290327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections trigger robust secretion of interferons and other antiviral cytokines by infected and bystander cells, which in turn can tune the immune response and may lead to viral clearance or immune suppression. However, aberrant or unrestricted cytokine responses can damage host tissues, leading to organ dysfunction, and even death. To understand the cytokine milieu and immune responses in infected host tissues, non-human primate (NHP) models have emerged as important tools. NHP have been used for decades to study human infections and have played significant roles in the development of vaccines, drug therapies and other immune treatment modalities, aided by an ability to control disease parameters, and unrestricted tissue access. In addition to the genetic and physiological similarities with humans, NHP have conserved immunologic properties with over 90% amino acid similarity for most cytokines. For example, human-like symptomology and acute respiratory syndrome is found in cynomolgus macaques infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, antibody enhanced dengue disease is common in neotropical primates, and in NHP models of viral hepatitis cytokine-induced inflammation induces severe liver damage, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma recapitulates human disease. To regulate inflammation, anti-cytokine therapy studies in NHP are underway and will provide important insights for future human interventions. This review will provide a comprehensive outline of the cytokine-mediated exacerbation of disease and tissue damage in NHP models of viral infections and therapeutic strategies that can aid in prevention/treatment of the disease syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olivier Lucar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R. Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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11
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Flamar AL, Bonnabau H, Zurawski S, Lacabaratz C, Montes M, Richert L, Wiedemann A, Galmin L, Weiss D, Cristillo A, Hudacik L, Salazar A, Peltekian C, Thiebaut R, Zurawski G, Levy Y. HIV-1 T cell epitopes targeted to Rhesus macaque CD40 and DCIR: A comparative study of prototype dendritic cell targeting therapeutic vaccine candidates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207794. [PMID: 30500852 PMCID: PMC6267996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection can be controlled by anti-retroviral drug therapy, but this is a lifetime treatment and the virus remains latent and rapidly rebounds if therapy is stopped. HIV-1-infected individuals under this drug regimen have increased rates of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmunity due to compromised immunity. A therapeutic vaccine boosting cellular immunity against HIV-1 is therefore desirable and, possibly combined with other immune modulating agents, could obviate the need for long-term drug therapies. An approach to elicit strong T cell-based immunity is to direct virus protein antigens specifically to dendritic cells (DCs), which are the key cell type for controlling immune responses. For eliciting therapeutic cellular immunity in HIV-1-infected individuals, we developed vaccines comprised of five T cell epitope-rich regions of HIV-1 Gag, Nef, and Pol (HIV5pep) fused to monoclonal antibodies that bind either, the antigen presenting cell activating receptor CD40, or the endocytic dendritic cell immunoreceptor DCIR. The study aimed to demonstrate vaccine safety, establish efficacy for broad T cell responses in both primed and naïve settings, and identify one candidate vaccine for human therapeutic development. The vaccines were administered to Rhesus macaques by intradermal injection with poly-ICLC adjuvant. The animals were either i) naïve or, ii) previously primed with modified vaccinia Ankara vector (MVA) encoding HIV-1 Gag, Pol, and Nef (MVA GagPolNef). In the MVA-primed groups, both DC-targeting vaccinations boosted HIV5pep-specific blood CD4+ T cells producing multiple cytokines, but did not affect the MVA-elicited CD8+ T cell responses. In the naive groups, both DC-targeting vaccines elicited antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to multiple epitopes and these responses were unchanged by a subsequent MVA GagPolNef boost. In both settings, the T cell responses elicited via the CD40-targeting vaccine were more robust and were detectable in all the animals, favoring further development of the CD40-targeting vaccine for therapeutic vaccination of HIV-1-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Flamar
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Henri Bonnabau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Inria SISTM, Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Zurawski
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service D’immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Monica Montes
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Richert
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Inria SISTM, Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurelie Wiedemann
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service D’immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Lindsey Galmin
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Deborah Weiss
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Anthony Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Lauren Hudacik
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Cécile Peltekian
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rodolphe Thiebaut
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Inria SISTM, Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gerard Zurawski
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service D’immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
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12
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The Legacy of CVI. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00276-17. [PMID: 29070528 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00276-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology (CVI) will merge with the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) open-access journal mSphere in January 2018. We commemorate this transition by exploring the history of CVI and that of its predecessor, Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology (CDLI), and by acknowledging their contributors. Research on vaccines, clinical immunology, and clinical diagnostic immunology published through mSphere will be available without restrictions to an ever-larger audience, which will expedite progress in the field. ASM remains committed to supporting its members and the research community by facilitating the dissemination of scientific knowledge in these important areas.
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13
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Superiority in Rhesus Macaques of Targeting HIV-1 Env gp140 to CD40 versus LOX-1 in Combination with Replication-Competent NYVAC-KC for Induction of Env-Specific Antibody and T Cell Responses. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01596-16. [PMID: 28202751 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01596-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the HIV-1-specific immune responses generated by targeting HIV-1 envelope protein (Env gp140) to either CD40 or LOX-1, two endocytic receptors on dendritic cells (DCs), in rhesus macaques primed with a poxvirus vector (NYVAC-KC) expressing Env gp140. The DC-targeting vaccines, humanized recombinant monoclonal antibodies fused to Env gp140, were administered as a boost with poly-ICLC adjuvant either alone or coadministered with the NYVAC-KC vector. All the DC-targeting vaccine administrations with poly-ICLC increased the low-level serum anti-Env IgG responses elicited by NYVAC-KC priming significantly more (up to a P value of 0.01) than in a group without poly-ICLC. The responses were robust and cross-reactive and contained antibodies specific to multiple epitopes within gp140, including the C1, C2, V1, V2, and V3, C4, C5, and gp41 immunodominant regions. The DC-targeting vaccines also elicited modest serum Env-specific IgA responses. All groups gave serum neutralization activity limited to tier 1 viruses and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity responses (ADCC) after DC-targeting boosts. Furthermore, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses specific to multiple Env epitopes were strongly boosted by the DC-targeting vaccines plus poly-ICLC. Together, these results indicate that prime-boost immunization via NYVAC-KC and either anti-CD40.Env gp140/poly-ICLC or anti-LOX-1.Env gp140/poly-ICLC induced balanced antibody and T cell responses against HIV-1 Env. Coadministration of NYVAC-KC with the DC-targeting vaccines increased T cell responses but had minimal effects on antibody responses except for suppressing serum IgA responses. Overall, targeting Env to CD40 gave more robust T cell and serum antibody responses with broader epitope representation and greater durability than with LOX-1.IMPORTANCE An effective vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection does not yet exist. An approach to elicit strong protective antibody development is to direct virus protein antigens specifically to dendritic cells, which are now known to be the key cell type for controlling immunity. In this study, we have tested in nonhuman primates two prototype vaccines engineered to direct the HIV-1 coat protein Env to dendritic cells. These vaccines bind to either CD40 or LOX-1, two dendritic cell surface receptors with different functions and tissue distributions. We tested the vaccines described above in combination with attenuated virus vectors that express Env. Both vaccines, but especially that delivered via CD40, raised robust immunity against HIV-1 as measured by monitoring potentially protective antibody and T cell responses in the blood. The safety and efficacy of the CD40-targeted vaccine justify further development for future human clinical trials.
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14
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Wonderlich ER, Swan ZD, Bissel SJ, Hartman AL, Carney JP, O'Malley KJ, Obadan AO, Santos J, Walker R, Sturgeon TJ, Frye LJ, Maiello P, Scanga CA, Bowling JD, Bouwer AL, Duangkhae PA, Wiley CA, Flynn JL, Wang J, Cole KS, Perez DR, Reed DS, Barratt-Boyes SM. Widespread Virus Replication in Alveoli Drives Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Aerosolized H5N1 Influenza Infection of Macaques. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1616-1626. [PMID: 28062701 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus are frequently fatal but the mechanisms of disease remain ill-defined. H5N1 infection is associated with intense production of proinflammatory cytokines, but whether this cytokine storm is the main cause of fatality or is a consequence of extensive virus replication that itself drives disease remains controversial. Conventional intratracheal inoculation of a liquid suspension of H5N1 influenza virus in nonhuman primates likely results in efficient clearance of virus within the upper respiratory tract and rarely produces severe disease. We reasoned that small particle aerosols of virus would penetrate the lower respiratory tract and blanket alveoli where target cells reside. We show that inhalation of aerosolized H5N1 influenza virus in cynomolgus macaques results in fulminant pneumonia that rapidly progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome with a fatal outcome reminiscent of human disease. Molecular imaging revealed intense lung inflammation coincident with massive increases in proinflammatory proteins and IFN-α in distal airways. Aerosolized H5N1 exposure decimated alveolar macrophages, which were widely infected and caused marked influx of interstitial macrophages and neutrophils. Extensive infection of alveolar epithelial cells caused apoptosis and leakage of albumin into airways, reflecting loss of epithelial barrier function. These data establish inhalation of aerosolized virus as a critical source of exposure for fatal human infection and reveal that direct viral effects in alveoli mediate H5N1 disease. This new nonhuman primate model will advance vaccine and therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat human disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Wonderlich
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Zachary D Swan
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Stephanie J Bissel
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Amy L Hartman
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jonathan P Carney
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Katherine J O'Malley
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Adebimpe O Obadan
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Jefferson Santos
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Reagan Walker
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Timothy J Sturgeon
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Lonnie J Frye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219; and
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219; and
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219; and
| | - Jennifer D Bowling
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Anthea L Bouwer
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Parichat A Duangkhae
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Clayton A Wiley
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219; and
| | - Jieru Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kelly S Cole
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Douglas S Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Simon M Barratt-Boyes
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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15
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Gideon HP, Skinner JA, Baldwin N, Flynn JL, Lin PL. Early Whole Blood Transcriptional Signatures Are Associated with Severity of Lung Inflammation in Cynomolgus Macaques with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4817-4828. [PMID: 27837110 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood transcriptional profiling offers great diagnostic and prognostic potential. Although studies identified signatures for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and transcripts that predict the risk for developing active TB in humans, the early transcriptional changes immediately following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection have not been evaluated. We evaluated the gene expression changes in the cynomolgus macaque model of TB, which recapitulates all clinical aspects of human M. tuberculosis infection, using a human microarray and analytics platform. We performed genome-wide blood transcriptional analysis on 38 macaques at 11 postinfection time points during the first 6 mo of M. tuberculosis infection. Of 6371 differentially expressed transcripts between preinfection and postinfection, the greatest change in transcriptional activity occurred 20-56 d postinfection, during which fluctuation of innate and adaptive immune response-related transcripts was observed. Modest transcriptional differences between active TB and latent infection were observed over the time course with substantial overlap. The pattern of module activity previously published for human active TB was similar in macaques with active disease. Blood transcript activity was highly correlated with lung inflammation (lung [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG] avidity) measured by positron emission tomography and computed tomography at early time points postinfection. The differential signatures between animals with high and low lung FDG were stronger than between clinical outcomes. Analysis of preinfection signatures of macaques revealed that IFN signatures could influence eventual clinical outcomes and lung FDG avidity, even before infection. Our data support that transcriptional changes in the macaque model are translatable to human M. tuberculosis infection and offer important insights into early events of M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Jason A Skinner
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - Nicole Baldwin
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
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16
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Marriott AC, Dennis M, Kane JA, Gooch KE, Hatch G, Sharpe S, Prevosto C, Leeming G, Zekeng EG, Staples KJ, Hall G, Ryan KA, Bate S, Moyo N, Whittaker CJ, Hallis B, Silman NJ, Lalvani A, Wilkinson TM, Hiscox JA, Stewart JP, Carroll MW. Influenza A Virus Challenge Models in Cynomolgus Macaques Using the Authentic Inhaled Aerosol and Intra-Nasal Routes of Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157887. [PMID: 27311020 PMCID: PMC4911124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates are the animals closest to humans for use in influenza A virus challenge studies, in terms of their phylogenetic relatedness, physiology and immune systems. Previous studies have shown that cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are permissive for infection with H1N1pdm influenza virus. These studies have typically used combined challenge routes, with the majority being intra-tracheal delivery, and high doses of virus (> 107 infectious units). This paper describes the outcome of novel challenge routes (inhaled aerosol, intra-nasal instillation) and low to moderate doses (103 to 106 plaque forming units) of H1N1pdm virus in cynomolgus macaques. Evidence of virus replication and sero-conversion were detected in all four challenge groups, although the disease was sub-clinical. Intra-nasal challenge led to an infection confined to the nasal cavity. A low dose (103 plaque forming units) did not lead to detectable infectious virus shedding, but a 1000-fold higher dose led to virus shedding in all intra-nasal challenged animals. In contrast, aerosol and intra-tracheal challenge routes led to infections throughout the respiratory tract, although shedding from the nasal cavity was less reproducible between animals compared to the high-dose intra-nasal challenge group. Intra-tracheal and aerosol challenges induced a transient lymphopaenia, similar to that observed in influenza-infected humans, and greater virus-specific cellular immune responses in the blood were observed in these groups in comparison to the intra-nasal challenge groups. Activation of lung macrophages and innate immune response genes was detected at days 5 to 7 post-challenge. The kinetics of infection, both virological and immunological, were broadly in line with human influenza A virus infections. These more authentic infection models will be valuable in the determination of anti-influenza efficacy of novel entities against less severe (and thus more common) influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C. Marriott
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mike Dennis
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Kane
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Gooch
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Hatch
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Sharpe
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Prevosto
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Leeming
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elsa-Gayle Zekeng
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J. Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Hall
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A. Ryan
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bate
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nathifa Moyo
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J. Whittaker
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Bassam Hallis
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Silman
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit Lalvani
- Department of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M. Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
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17
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Rinchai D, Anguiano E, Nguyen P, Chaussabel D. Finger stick blood collection for gene expression profiling and storage of tempus blood RNA tubes. F1000Res 2016; 5:1385. [PMID: 28357036 PMCID: PMC5357033 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8841.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With this report we aim to make available a standard operating procedure (SOP) developed for RNA stabilization of small blood volumes collected via a finger stick. The anticipation that this procedure may be improved through peer-review and/or readers public comments is another element motivating the publication of this SOP. Procuring blood samples from human subjects can, among other uses, enable assessment of the immune status of an individual subject via the profiling of RNA abundance using technologies such as real time PCR, NanoString, microarrays or RNA-sequencing. It is often desirable to minimize blood volumes and employ methods that are the least invasive and can be practically implemented outside of clinical settings. Finger stick blood samples are increasingly used for measurement of levels of pharmacological drugs and biological analytes. It is a simple and convenient procedure amenable for instance to field use or self-collection at home using a blood sample collection kit. Such methodologies should also enable the procurement of blood samples at high frequency for health or disease monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darawan Rinchai
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Kumar N, Bera BC, Greenbaum BD, Bhatia S, Sood R, Selvaraj P, Anand T, Tripathi BN, Virmani N. Revelation of Influencing Factors in Overall Codon Usage Bias of Equine Influenza Viruses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154376. [PMID: 27119730 PMCID: PMC4847779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine influenza viruses (EIVs) of H3N8 subtype are culprits of severe acute respiratory infections in horses, and are still responsible for significant outbreaks worldwide. Adaptability of influenza viruses to a particular host is significantly influenced by their codon usage preference, due to an absolute dependence on the host cellular machinery for their replication. In the present study, we analyzed genome-wide codon usage patterns in 92 EIV strains, including both H3N8 and H7N7 subtypes by computing several codon usage indices and applying multivariate statistical methods. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis disclosed bias of preferred synonymous codons towards A/U-ended codons. The overall codon usage bias in EIVs was slightly lower, and mainly affected by the nucleotide compositional constraints as inferred from the RSCU and effective number of codon (ENc) analysis. Our data suggested that codon usage pattern in EIVs is governed by the interplay of mutation pressure, natural selection from its hosts and undefined factors. The H7N7 subtype was found less fit to its host (horse) in comparison to H3N8, by possessing higher codon bias, lower mutation pressure and much less adaptation to tRNA pool of equine cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the codon usage analysis of the complete genomes of EIVs. The outcome of our study is likely to enhance our understanding of factors involved in viral adaptation, evolution, and fitness towards their hosts.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Animals
- Biological Evolution
- Codon
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genetic Code
- Genome, Viral
- Horse Diseases/virology
- Horses
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/metabolism
- Models, Statistical
- Mutation Rate
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Immunology Lab, National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Bera
- Biotechnology Lab, Veterinary Type Culture Collection, National Research Center on Equines (NRCE), Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Benjamin D. Greenbaum
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Departments of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Pathology, and Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- Immunology Lab, National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Sood
- Immunology Lab, National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pavulraj Selvaraj
- Equine Pathology Lab, National Research Center on Equines (NRCE), Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Taruna Anand
- Biotechnology Lab, Veterinary Type Culture Collection, National Research Center on Equines (NRCE), Hisar, Haryana, India
| | | | - Nitin Virmani
- Equine Pathology Lab, National Research Center on Equines (NRCE), Hisar, Haryana, India
- * E-mail:
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19
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Zurawski G, Zurawski S, Flamar AL, Richert L, Wagner R, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Roederer M, Ferrari G, Lacabaratz C, Bonnabau H, Klucar P, Wang Z, Foulds KE, Kao SF, Yates NL, LaBranche C, Jacobs BL, Kibler K, Asbach B, Kliche A, Salazar A, Reed S, Self S, Gottardo R, Galmin L, Weiss D, Cristillo A, Thiebaut R, Pantaleo G, Levy Y. Targeting HIV-1 Env gp140 to LOX-1 Elicits Immune Responses in Rhesus Macaques. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153484. [PMID: 27077384 PMCID: PMC4831750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved antigenicity against HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein is needed to elicit vaccine-induced protective immunity in humans. Here we describe the first tests in non-human primates (NHPs) of Env gp140 protein fused to a humanized anti-LOX-1 recombinant antibody for delivering Env directly to LOX-1-bearing antigen presenting cells, especially dendritic cells (DC). LOX-1, or 1ectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1, is expressed on various antigen presenting cells and endothelial cells, and is involved in promoting humoral immune responses. The anti-LOX-1 Env gp140 fusion protein was tested for priming immune responses and boosting responses in animals primed with replication competent NYVAC-KC Env gp140 vaccinia virus. Anti-LOX-1 Env gp140 vaccination elicited robust cellular and humoral responses when used for either priming or boosting immunity. Co-administration with Poly ICLC, a TLR3 agonist, was superior to GLA, a TLR4 agonist. Both CD4+ and CD8+ Env-specific T cell responses were elicited by anti-LOX-1 Env gp140, but in particular the CD4+ T cells were multifunctional and directed to multiple epitopes. Serum IgG and IgA antibody responses induced by anti-LOX-1 Env gp140 against various gp140 domains were cross-reactive across HIV-1 clades; however, the sera neutralized only HIV-1 bearing sequences most similar to the clade C 96ZM651 Env gp140 carried by the anti-LOX-1 vehicle. These data, as well as the safety of this protein vaccine, justify further exploration of this DC-targeting vaccine approach for protective immunity against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Zurawski
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert- Chenevier, service d’immunologie clinique, INRIA SISTM, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra Zurawski
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert- Chenevier, service d’immunologie clinique, INRIA SISTM, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anne-Laure Flamar
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert- Chenevier, service d’immunologie clinique, INRIA SISTM, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Richert
- INSERM U897, INRIA SISTM, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Molecular Microbiology and Gene Therapy Unit, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert- Chenevier, service d’immunologie clinique, INRIA SISTM, Créteil, France
| | - Henri Bonnabau
- INSERM U897, INRIA SISTM, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Peter Klucar
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert- Chenevier, service d’immunologie clinique, INRIA SISTM, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert- Chenevier, service d’immunologie clinique, INRIA SISTM, Créteil, France
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U955, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shing-Fen Kao
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Yates
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bertram L. Jacobs
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karen Kibler
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Molecular Microbiology and Gene Therapy Unit, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kliche
- Molecular Microbiology and Gene Therapy Unit, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Steve Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steve Self
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease and Public Health Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Galmin
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deborah Weiss
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rodolphe Thiebaut
- INSERM U897, INRIA SISTM, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-101, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert- Chenevier, service d’immunologie clinique, INRIA SISTM, Créteil, France
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Functional Specialty of CD40 and Dendritic Cell Surface Lectins for Exogenous Antigen Presentation to CD8(+) and CD4(+) T Cells. EBioMedicine 2016; 5:46-58. [PMID: 27077111 PMCID: PMC4816850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen-presenting cells that can efficiently prime and cross-prime antigen-specific T cells. Delivering antigen to DCs via surface receptors is thus an appealing strategy to evoke cellular immunity. Nonetheless, which DC surface receptor to target to yield the optimal CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses remains elusive. Herein, we report the superiority of CD40 over 9 different lectins and scavenger receptors at evoking antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. However, lectins (e.g., LOX-1 and Dectin-1) were more efficient than CD40 at eliciting CD4+ T cell responses. Common and distinct patterns of subcellular and intracellular localization of receptor-bound αCD40, αLOX-1 and αDectin-1 further support their functional specialization at enhancing antigen presentation to either CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that antigen targeting to CD40 can evoke potent antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in human CD40 transgenic mice. This study provides fundamental information for the rational design of vaccines against cancers and viral infections. Antigen delivery to DCs via CD40 is more efficient than through nine other receptors at eliciting CD8 T+ cell response. Antigen delivery via lectins (e.g., LOX-1 and Dectin-1) is more efficient than CD40 at eliciting CD4+ T cell responses.
The success of an immunotherapeutic vaccine for cancer is largely dependent on its ability to evoke potent cellular immunity. Although targeting antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) has been known to be an efficient strategy to evoke cellular immunity, which targeted receptors yield the optimal cellular immunity remained elusive. We report that targeting CD40, compared to 9 other DC receptors, results in the greatest levels of CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses, while targeting lectins results in enhanced CD4+ helper T cell responses. The findings of this study will assist us in the rational design of immunotherapeutic vaccines against cancers.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- APC, antigen-presenting cells
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CD40
- CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- Coh, cohesin
- Cross-presentation
- DC, dendritic cell
- Dendritic cell
- Doc, dockerin
- EEA1, early endosome antigen 1
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ELISpot, enzyme-linked immunospot
- Flu.M1, influenza virus matrix protein 1
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HA1, hemagglutinin subunit 1
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- JaCoP, Just another Colocalization Plugin
- LAMP-1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1
- Lectins
- MART-1, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- Mo-DC, monocyte-derived dendritic cell
- NHP, non-human primate
- NP, nucleoprotein
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PSA, prostate specific antigen
- Poly(I:C), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TMB, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Vaccine
- hCD40Tg, human CD40 transgenic
- i.p., intraperitoneal(ly)
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- mDC, myeloid dendritic cell
- pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- s.c., subcutaneous(ly)
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21
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The use of nonhuman primates in research on seasonal, pandemic and avian influenza, 1893-2014. Antiviral Res 2015; 117:75-98. [PMID: 25746173 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to reproduce the features of human influenza in laboratory animals date from the early 1890s, when Richard Pfeiffer inoculated apes with bacteria recovered from influenza patients and produced a mild respiratory illness. Numerous studies employing nonhuman primates (NHPs) were performed during the 1918 pandemic and the following decade. Most used bacterial preparations to infect animals, but some sought a filterable agent for the disease. Since the viral etiology of influenza was established in the early 1930s, studies in NHPs have been supplemented by a much larger number of experiments in mice, ferrets and human volunteers. However, the emergence of a novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus in 1976 and the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in 1997 stimulated an increase in NHP research, because these agents are difficult to study in naturally infected patients and cannot be administered to human volunteers. In this paper, we review the published literature on the use of NHPs in influenza research from 1893 through the end of 2014. The first section summarizes observational studies of naturally occurring influenza-like syndromes in wild and captive primates, including serologic investigations. The second provides a chronological account of experimental infections of NHPs, beginning with Pfeiffer's study and covering all published research on seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses, including vaccine and antiviral drug testing. The third section reviews experimental infections of NHPs with avian influenza viruses that have caused disease in humans since 1997. The paper concludes with suggestions for further studies to more clearly define and optimize the role of NHPs as experimental animals for influenza research.
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