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Tibbs-Cortes BW, Rahic-Seggerman FM, Schmitz-Esser S, Boggiatto PM, Olsen S, Putz EJ. Fecal and vaginal microbiota of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pregnant elk challenged with Brucella abortus. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1334858. [PMID: 38352039 PMCID: PMC10861794 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1334858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brucella abortus is the causative agent of brucellosis in cattle and in humans, resulting in economic losses in the agricultural sector and representing a major threat to public health. Elk populations in the American Northwest are reservoirs for this bacterium and transmit the agent to domestic cattle herds. One potential strategy to mitigate the transmission of brucellosis by elk is vaccination of elk populations against B. abortus; however, elk appear to be immunologically distinct from cattle in their responses to current vaccination strategies. The differences in host response to B. abortus between cattle and elk could be attributed to differences between the cattle and elk innate and adaptive immune responses. Because species-specific interactions between the host microbiome and the immune system are also known to affect immunity, we sought to investigate interactions between the elk microbiome and B. abortus infection and vaccination. Methods We analyzed the fecal and vaginal microbial communities of B. abortus-vaccinated and unvaccinated elk which were challenged with B. abortus during the periparturient period. Results We observed that the elk fecal and vaginal microbiota are similar to those of other ruminants, and these microbial communities were affected both by time of sampling and by vaccination status. Notably, we observed that taxa representing ruminant reproductive tract pathogens tended to increase in abundance in the elk vaginal microbiome following parturition. Furthermore, many of these taxa differed significantly in abundance depending on vaccination status, indicating that vaccination against B. abortus affects the elk vaginal microbiota with potential implications for animal reproductive health. Discussion This study is the first to analyze the vaginal microbiota of any species of the genus Cervus and is also the first to assess the effects of B. abortus vaccination and challenge on the vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bienvenido W. Tibbs-Cortes
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Faith M. Rahic-Seggerman
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paola M. Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Steven Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ellie J. Putz
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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2
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Mellado M, Treviño N, Véliz FG, Macías-Cruz U, Avendaño-Reyes L, de Santiago A, García JE. Effect of co-positivity for brucellosis and tuberculosis on milk yield and fertility of Holstein cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:504. [PMID: 34622357 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether cows detected as tuberculosis (bTB) reactors and seropositive to brucellosis (bBR), as well as co-positive to bBR and bTB (bBR-bTB) and with a complete lactation before slaughter, were associated with reduced milk production and fertility. A total of 8068 productive and reproductive records of high-yielding Holstein cows from a single large dairy herd with a high prevalence of bTB and bBR were collected from 2012 to 2015. Lactation derived either from calving (n = 6019) or hormonally induced lactation (n = 2049), and all cows received growth hormone throughout lactation. For cows not induced into lactation, pregnancy rate to first service for healthy cows (C; 26.6%) was higher (P < 0.01) than bBR (15.2%), bTB (15.8%), and bBR-bTB (1.3%) cows. For induced cows, pregnancy rate to first service did not differ significantly among C, bBR, and bTB (14.5-17.3%) cows, but the percentage success of first service was extremely low (1.3%; P < 0.01) in bBR-bTB cows. Services per pregnancy (only pregnant cows) were lowest for C (3.3 ± 2.9; P < 0.01) and highest (6.4 ± 3.4) for bBR-bTB non-induced cows. This variable was lowest for C (2.9 ± 2.5; P < 0.01) and highest for bBR-bTB non-induced cows (6.3 ± 3.1). Pregnancy rate to all services did not differed for C (79.5%), bBR (76.7%), and bTB (75.9%) but was lower (58.9%; P < 0.01) for bBR-bTB non-induced cows. For induced cows this variable was highest for bBR (53.3%) and lowest for bBR-bTB (34.1%; P < 0.01) non-induced cows. 305-d milk production was increased by 4%, and total milk yield by 7% in TB-positive cows compared to that of the negative cows non-induced hormonally into lactation. This study showed the negative impact of the co-positivity for bTB and bBR on the reproductive efficiency of Holstein cows, although positive bTB and bBR tests enhanced milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mellado
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - N Treviño
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - F G Véliz
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 27054, Torreon, Mexico
| | - U Macías-Cruz
- Institute of Agriculture Science, Autonomous University of Baja California, 21705, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - L Avendaño-Reyes
- Institute of Agriculture Science, Autonomous University of Baja California, 21705, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - A de Santiago
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 27054, Torreon, Mexico
| | - J E García
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Yanti Y, Sumiarto B, Kusumastuti TA, Panus A, Sodirun S. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District, Indonesia. Vet World 2021; 14:1-10. [PMID: 33642780 PMCID: PMC7896884 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infectious disease. West Bandung is a center for dairy farming in West Java Province District and endemic for brucellosis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, the associated risk factors, and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District. Materials and Methods The research was conducted through a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from the serum blood of dairy cattle. Data obtained from the questionnaire were used to investigate risk factors. Multistage random sampling was applied as the sampling technique; therefore, a sample size of 540 cows was selected. The number of farms and cattle on each farm was calculated using a variant effect design of the farm as well as 108 farms was selected with five cattle samples per farm. The results in regard of the research sample acquisition in the West Bandung District included 588 dairy cows from 116 farms, exceeds the number of samples calculated (540 dairy cows and 108 farms). The rose Bengal test (RBT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) were performed for brucellosis testing. Data associated with brucellosis cases at the individual level of the dairy cattle were analyzed using descriptive statistics univariate, bivariate with Chi-square, and odds ratio (OR). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis during modeling. Results The results showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level in the West Bandung District was 5.10%. Risk factors associated with brucellosis in cattle included the history of abortion (p=0.000; OR=9.9), the history of placental retention (p=0.000; OR=6.6), the history of endometritis (p=0.000; OR=5.5), the history of stillbirth (p=0.043; OR=3.0), the history of pregnancy abortion age at 7-8 months (p=0.000; OR=15.2), and the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (p=0.007; OR=3.8). The model of brucellosis in dairy cows was the following: = -3.2843+3.41033 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months +2.54503 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months +1.86185 age of cattle >2 years - 1.0469 Calving interval 12 months. The model showed the factors that were associated with brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle included the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months (β=+3.41033; OR=30.3), the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (β=+2.54503; OR=12.7); age of cattle >2 years (β=+1.86185; OR=1.2), and Calving interval ≤12 months (β=-1.04691; OR=0.34). Conclusion The results of this research showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung district was 5.10%. The risk factors could contribute to the increase of the brucellosis cases, that is, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months, and the age of cattle >2 years. The risk factors can be decreased in the brucellosis cases, that is, calving intervals ≤12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Yanti
- Graduate Student of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.,Epidemiology Laboratory, Disease Investigation Center of Subang, Subang, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Sumiarto
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti
- Department of Social economic, Faculty of Livestock, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Aprizal Panus
- Epidemiology Laboratory, Disease Investigation Center of Subang, Subang, Indonesia
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Moore-Jones G, Ardüser F, Dürr S, Gobeli Brawand S, Steiner A, Zanolari P, Ryser-Degiorgis MP. Identifying maintenance hosts for infection with Dichelobacter nodosus in free-ranging wild ruminants in Switzerland: A prevalence study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0219805. [PMID: 31917824 PMCID: PMC6952115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Footrot is a worldwide economically important, painful, contagious bacterial foot disease of domestic and wild ungulates caused by Dichelobacter nodosus. Benign and virulent strains have been identified in sheep presenting with mild and severe lesions, respectively. However, in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex), both strains have been associated with severe lesions. Because the disease is widespread throughout sheep flocks in Switzerland, a nationwide footrot control program for sheep focusing on virulent strains shall soon be implemented. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the nationwide prevalence of both strain groups of D. nodosus in four wild indigenous ruminant species and to identify potential susceptible wildlife maintenance hosts that could be a reinfection source for domestic sheep. During two years (2017–2018), interdigital swabs of 1,821 wild indigenous ruminant species (Alpine ibex, Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus)) were analysed by Real-Time PCR. Furthermore, observed interspecies interactions were documented for each sample. Overall, we report a low prevalence of D. nodosus in all four indigenous wild ruminants, for both benign (1.97%, N = 36, of which 31 red deer) and virulent (0.05%, N = 1 ibex) strains. Footrot lesions were documented in one ibex with virulent strains, and in one ibex with benign strains. Interspecific interactions involving domestic livestock occurred mainly with cattle and sheep. In conclusion, the data suggest that wild ungulates are likely irrelevant for the maintenance and spread of D. nodosus. Furthermore, we add evidence that both D. nodosus strain types can be associated with severe disease in Alpine ibex. These data are crucial for the upcoming nationwide control program and reveal that wild ruminants should not be considered as a threat to footrot control in sheep in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Moore-Jones
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Ardüser
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salome Dürr
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Gobeli Brawand
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Steiner
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Zanolari
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ponsart C, Riou M, Locatelli Y, Jacques I, Fadeau A, Jay M, Simon R, Perrot L, Freddi L, Breton S, Chaumeil T, Blanc B, Ortiz K, Vion C, Rioult D, Quéméré E, Sarradin P, Chollet JY, Garin-Bastuji B, Rossi S. Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccination generates a higher shedding risk of the vaccine strain in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) compared to the domestic goat (Capra hircus). Vet Res 2019; 50:100. [PMID: 31775863 PMCID: PMC6882340 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations implemented in wild and domestic ruminants evidenced a reservoir for Brucella in Capra ibex in the French Alps. Vaccination was considered as a possible way to control Brucella infection in this wildlife population. Twelve ibexes and twelve goats were allocated into four groups housed separately, each including six males or six non-pregnant females. Four to five animals were vaccinated and one or two animals were contact animals. Half of the animals were necropsied 45 days post-vaccination (pv), and the remaining ones at 90 days pv. Additional samples were collected 20 and 68 days pv to explore bacterial distribution in organs and humoral immunity. Neither clinical signs nor Brucella-specific lesions were observed and all vaccinated animals seroconverted. Brucella distribution and antibody profiles were highly contrasted between both species. Proportion of infected samples was significantly higher in ibex compared to goats and decreased between 45 and 90 days pv. Two male ibex presented urogenital excretion at 20 or 45 days pv. The bacterial load was higher 45 days in ibexes compared to goats, whereas it remained moderate to low 90 days pv in both species with large variability between animals. In this experiment, differences between species remained the main source of variation, with low impact of other individual factors. To conclude, multiplicative and shedding capacity of Rev.1 was much higher in ibex compared to goats within 90 days. These results provide initial information on the potential use in natura of a commercial vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mickaël Riou
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Isabelle Jacques
- Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire Technologique (IUT), Université de Tours, 29 Rue du Pont Volant, 37082, Tours Cedex 2, France
- UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), INRA Centre Val de Loire - Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alain Fadeau
- Laboratoire de Touraine, Conseil départemental d'Indre-et-Loire, B.P. 67357, 37073, Tours Cedex 02, France
| | - Maryne Jay
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Roland Simon
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Ludivine Perrot
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvain Breton
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Thierry Chaumeil
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Barbara Blanc
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Katia Ortiz
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Colin Vion
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 9 Boulevard de la Paix, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Erwan Quéméré
- Unité Comportement et Écologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA, 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge-Auzeville CS 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Sarradin
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Yves Chollet
- Unité sanitaire de la Faune, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Expertise (DRE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), 5 rue de Saint-Thibaud, Saint-Benoît, 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- European and International Affairs Department, ANSES, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Unité sanitaire de la Faune, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Expertise (DRE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), 5 rue de Saint-Thibaud, Saint-Benoît, 78610, Auffargis, France
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6
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Boggiatto PM, Fitzsimmons D, Bayles DO, Alt D, Vrentas CE, Olsen SC. Coincidence cloning recovery of Brucella melitensis RNA from goat tissues: advancing the in vivo analysis of pathogen gene expression in brucellosis. BMC Mol Biol 2018; 19:10. [PMID: 30068312 PMCID: PMC6071331 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-018-0111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucella melitensis bacteria cause persistent, intracellular infections in small ruminants as well as in humans, leading to significant morbidity and economic loss worldwide. The majority of experiments on the transcriptional responses of Brucella to conditions inside the host have been performed following invasion of cultured mammalian cells, and do not address gene expression patterns during long-term infection. Results Here, we examine the application of the previously developed coincidence cloning methodology to recover and characterize B. melitensis RNA from the supramammary lymph node of experimentally-infected goats. Using coincidence cloning, we successfully recovered Brucella RNA from supramammary lymph nodes of B. melitensis-infected goats at both short-term (4 weeks) and long-term (38 weeks) infection time points. Amplified nucleic acid levels were sufficient for analysis of Brucella gene expression patterns by RNA-sequencing, providing evidence of metabolic activity in both the short-term and the long-term samples. We developed a workflow for the use of sequence polymorphism analysis to confirm recovery of the inoculated strain in the recovered reads, and utilized clustering analysis to demonstrate a distinct transcriptional profile present in samples recovered in long-term infection. In this first look at B. melitensis gene expression patterns in vivo, the subset of Brucella genes that was highly upregulated in long-term as compared to short-term infection included genes linked to roles in murine infection, such as genes involved in proline utilization and signal transduction. Finally, we demonstrated the challenges of qPCR validation of samples with very low ratios of pathogen:host RNA, as is the case during in vivo brucellosis, and alternatively characterized intermediate products of the coincidence cloning reaction. Conclusions Overall, this study provides the first example of recovery plus characterization of B. melitensis RNA from in vivo lymph node infection, and demonstrates that the coincidence cloning technique is a useful tool for characterizing in vivo transcriptional changes in Brucella species. Genes upregulated in long-term infection in this data set, including many genes not previously demonstrated to be virulence factors in mice or macrophage experiments, are candidates of future interest for potential roles in Brucella persistence in natural host systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12867-018-0111-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Daniel Fitzsimmons
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - David Alt
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Catherine E Vrentas
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
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7
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Lambert S, Gilot-Fromont E, Freycon P, Thébault A, Game Y, Toïgo C, Petit E, Barthe MN, Reynaud G, Jaÿ M, Garin-Bastuji B, Ponsart C, Hars J, Rossi S. High Shedding Potential and Significant Individual Heterogeneity in Naturally-Infected Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex) With Brucella melitensis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1065. [PMID: 29892274 PMCID: PMC5985404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife reservoirs of infectious diseases raise major management issues. In Europe, brucellosis has been eradicated in domestic ruminants from most countries and wild ruminants have not been considered important reservoirs so far. However, a high prevalence of Brucella melitensis infection has been recently identified in a French population of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), after the emergence of brucellosis was confirmed in a dairy cattle farm and two human cases. This situation raised the need to identify the factors driving the persistence of Brucella infection at high prevalence levels in this ibex population. In the present paper, we studied the shedding pattern of B. melitensis in ibex from Bargy Massif, French Alps. Bacteriological examinations (1-15 tissues/samples per individual) were performed on 88 seropositive, supposedly infected and euthanized individuals. Among them, 51 (58%) showed at least one positive culture, including 45 ibex with at least one Brucella isolation from a urogenital sample or a lymph node in the pelvic area (active infection in organs in the pelvic area). Among these 45 ibex, 26 (30% of the total number of necropsied animals) showed at least one positive culture for a urogenital organ and were considered as being at risk of shedding the bacteria at the time of capture. We observed significant heterogeneity between sex-and-age classes: seropositive females were most at risk to excrete Brucella before the age of 5 years, possibly corresponding to abortion during the first pregnancy following infection such as reported in the domestic ruminants. The high shedding potential observed in young females may have contributed to the self-sustained maintenance of infection in this population, whereas males are supposed to play a role of transmission between spatial units through venereal transmission during mating. This heterogeneity in the shedding potential of seropositive individuals should be considered in the future to better evaluate management scenarios in this system as well as in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lambert
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5558 Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, University of Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5558 Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, University of Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.,VetAgro Sup- Lyon Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Pauline Freycon
- VetAgro Sup- Lyon Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Anne Thébault
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), Chambéry, France
| | - Carole Toïgo
- Mountain Wildlife Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gières, France
| | - Elodie Petit
- Mountain Wildlife Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Sèvrier, France
| | | | - Gaël Reynaud
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), Chambéry, France
| | - Maryne Jaÿ
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean Hars
- Wildlife Diseases Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gières, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Wildlife Diseases Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gap, France
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8
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Vrentas CE, Boggiatto PM, Schaut RG, Olsen SC. Collection and Processing of Lymph Nodes from Large Animals for RNA Analysis: Preparing for Lymph Node Transcriptomic Studies of Large Animal Species. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29863658 DOI: 10.3791/57195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Large animals (both livestock and wildlife) serve as important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, including Brucella, Mycobacterium bovis, Salmonella, and E. coli, and are useful for the study of pathogenesis and/or spread of the bacteria in natural hosts. With the key function of lymph nodes in the host immune response, lymph node tissues serve as a potential source of RNA for downstream transcriptomic analyses, in order to assess the temporal changes in gene expression in cells over the course of an infection. This article presents an overview of the process of lymph node collection, tissue sampling, and downstream RNA processing in livestock, using cattle (Bos taurus) as a model, with additional examples provided from the American bison (Bison bison). The protocol includes information about the location, identification, and removal of lymph nodes from multiple key sites in the body. Additionally, a biopsy sampling methodology is presented that allows for a consistency of sampling across multiple animals. Several considerations for sample preservation are discussed, including the generation of RNA suitable for downstream methodologies like RNA-sequencing and RT-PCR. Due to the long delays inherent in large animal vs. mouse time course studies, representative results from bison and bovine lymph node tissues are presented to describe the time course of the degradation in this tissue type, in the context of a review of previous methodological work on RNA degradation in other tissues. Overall, this protocol will be useful to both veterinary researchers beginning transcriptome projects on large animal samples and to molecular biologists interested in learning techniques for in vivo tissue sampling and in vitro processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Vrentas
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture;
| | - Paola M Boggiatto
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
| | - Robert G Schaut
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
| | - Steven C Olsen
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
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9
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Higgins JL, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Bowen RA. Evaluation of shedding, tissue burdens, and humoral immune response in goats after experimental challenge with the virulent Brucella melitensis strain 16M and the reduced virulence vaccine strain Rev. 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185823. [PMID: 29028813 PMCID: PMC5640220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella melitensis is the causative agent of brucellosis in small ruminants and is of considerable economic and public health importance in many countries worldwide. The control of disease in humans depends on the control of disease in livestock; however, few counties with endemic B. melitensis infection have been able to successfully eradicate this pathogen. This underscores the need for further research on the pathogenesis of both virulent and vaccine strains of B. melitensis in the small ruminant host. The aim of the present study was to characterize clinical effects, tissue colonization, shedding, and humoral immune response following B. melitensis infection in goats. Both virulent (16M) and reduced virulence (Rev. 1) strains of B. melitensis were studied. Pregnant goats were infected at 11–14 weeks of gestation with 8 x 106 or 8 x 107 CFU of B. melitensis. Infection of goats with B. melitensis 16M resulted in an 86% abortion rate. This strain disseminated widely in pregnant does post-infection with none of the 15 sampled tissues spared from colonization. Importantly, we report the first isolation of B. melitensis from muscle tissue in ruminants. Pathogenesis of Rev. 1 infection was variable with two does showing minimal colonization and one doe exhibiting disease similar to that of animals infected with fully virulent 16M. Shedding of B. melitensis in milk occurred in all 16M- and Rev. 1- infected goats. In pregnant animals challenged with virulent B. melitensis, median time to seroconversion was 21 days; however, 2 animals did not seroconvert until after abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Higgins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Richard A Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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10
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Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of bovine brucellosis surveillance in a disease-free country using stochastic scenario tree modelling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183037. [PMID: 28859107 PMCID: PMC5578685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance systems of exotic infectious diseases aim to ensure transparency about the country-specific animal disease situation (i.e. demonstrate disease freedom) and to identify any introductions. In a context of decreasing resources, evaluation of surveillance efficiency is essential to help stakeholders make relevant decisions about prioritization of measures and funding allocation. This study evaluated the efficiency (sensitivity related to cost) of the French bovine brucellosis surveillance system using stochastic scenario tree models. Cattle herds were categorized into three risk groups based on the annual number of purchases, given that trading is considered as the main route of brucellosis introduction in cattle herds. The sensitivity in detecting the disease and the costs of the current surveillance system, which includes clinical (abortion) surveillance, programmed serological testing and introduction controls, were compared to those of 19 alternative surveillance scenarios. Surveillance costs included veterinary fees and laboratory analyses. The sensitivity over a year of the current surveillance system was predicted to be 91±7% at a design prevalence of 0.01% for a total cost of 14.9±1.8 million €. Several alternative surveillance scenarios, based on clinical surveillance and random or risk-based serological screening in a sample (20%) of the population, were predicted to be at least as sensitive but for a lower cost. Such changes would reduce whole surveillance costs by 20 to 61% annually, and the costs for farmers only would be decreased from about 12.0 million € presently to 5.3–9.0 million € (i.e. 25–56% decrease). Besides, fostering the evolution of the surveillance system in one of these directions would be in agreement with the European regulations and farmers perceptions on brucellosis risk and surveillance.
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11
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Arenas-Gamboa AM, Rossetti CA, Chaki SP, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Adams LG, Ficht TA. Human Brucellosis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2016; 3:164-172. [PMID: 29226068 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-016-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Brucellosis is a neglected, zoonotic disease of nearly worldwide distribution. Despite brucellosis being recognized as a reproductive disease in animals, it has been historically known as a flu-like illness in humans with little or no significant role in maternal or newborn health. This review focuses on what is currently known relative to the epidemiology of brucellosis in human pregnancy as well as new insights of placental immunology. Recent Findings New evidence suggests that maternal infection poses a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes including increased risk for miscarriage during the first and second trimester of gestation, preterm delivery, and vertical transmission to the fetus. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were not associated with any specific clinical sign. However, prompt diagnosis and treatment significantly decreased the risk of miscarriage or any other adverse effect. Summary Brucellosis during pregnancy should be considered a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans. The identification of the mechanism behind bacterial tropism should prove powerful for the development of new countermeasures to prevent these detrimental effects. Increased awareness concerning brucellosis in pregnant women, its transmission, and prevention measures should be considered as a pressing need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Carlos A Rossetti
- Instituto de Patobiología, CICVyA-CNIA, INTA, Nicolas Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Leslie G Adams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Thomas A Ficht
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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12
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Kauffman M, Peck D, Scurlock B, Logan J, Robinson T, Cook W, Boroff K, Schumaker B. Risk assessment and management of brucellosis in the southern greater Yellowstone area (I): A citizen-science based risk model for bovine brucellosis transmission from elk to cattle. Prev Vet Med 2016; 132:88-97. [PMID: 27664451 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Livestock producers and state wildlife agencies have used multiple management strategies to control bovine brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA). However, spillover from elk to domestic bison and cattle herds continues to occur. Although knowledge is increasing about the location and behavior of elk in the SGYA, predicting spatiotemporal overlap between elk and cattle requires locations of livestock operations and observations of elk contact by producers. We queried all producers in a three-county area using a questionnaire designed to determine location of cattle and whether producers saw elk comingle with their animals. This information was used to parameterize a spatially-explicit risk model to estimate the number of elk expected to overlap with cattle during the brucellosis transmission risk period. Elk-cattle overlap was predicted in areas further from roads and forest boundaries in areas with wolf activity, with higher slopes, lower hunter densities, and where the cost-distance to feedgrounds was very low or very high. The model was used to estimate the expected number of years until a cattle reactor will be detected, under alternative management strategies. The model predicted cattle cases every 4.28 years in the highest risk herd unit, a higher prediction than the one case in 26 years we have observed. This difference likely indicates that ongoing management strategies are at least somewhat effective in preventing potential elk-cattle brucellosis transmission in these areas. Using this model, we can infer the expected effectiveness of various management strategies for reducing the risk of brucellosis spillover from elk to cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Kauffman
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, United States.
| | - Dannele Peck
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Brandon Scurlock
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 432 Mill Street, Pinedale, WY 82941, United States
| | - Jim Logan
- Wyoming Livestock Board, 1934 Wyott Drive, Cheyenne, WY 82002, United States
| | - Timothy Robinson
- Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Walt Cook
- College of Agriculture, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Kari Boroff
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Brant Schumaker
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, United States
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13
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Nol P, Olsen SC, Rhyan JC, Sriranganathan N, McCollum MP, Hennager SG, Pavuk AA, Sprino PJ, Boyle SM, Berrier RJ, Salman MD. Vaccination of Elk (Cervus canadensis) with Brucella abortus Strain RB51 Overexpressing Superoxide Dismutase and Glycosyltransferase Genes Does Not Induce Adequate Protection against Experimental Brucella abortus Challenge. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:10. [PMID: 26904509 PMCID: PMC4748031 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, elk (Cervus canadensis) have been implicated as the source of Brucella abortus infection for numerous cattle herds in the Greater Yellowstone Area. In the face of environmental and ecological changes on the landscape, the range of infected elk is expanding. Consequently, the development of effective disease management strategies for wild elk herds is of utmost importance, not only for the prevention of reintroduction of brucellosis to cattle, but also for the overall health of the Greater Yellowstone Area elk populations. In two studies, we evaluated the efficacy of B. abortus strain RB51 over-expressing superoxide dismutase and glycosyltransferase for protecting elk from infection and disease caused by B. abortus after experimental infection with a virulent B. abortus strain. Our data indicate that the recombinant vaccine does not protect elk against brucellosis. Further, work is needed for development of an effective brucellosis vaccine for use in elk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Nol
- Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jack C Rhyan
- Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nammalwar Sriranganathan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Matthew P McCollum
- Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven G Hennager
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alana A Pavuk
- Department of Pathobiology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Stephen M Boyle
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Mo D Salman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
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14
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Anti-BrucellaAntibodies in Moose (Alces alces gigas), Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), and Plains Bison (Bison bison bison) in Alaska, USA. J Wildl Dis 2016; 52:96-9. [DOI: 10.7589/2015-04-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Hobbs NT, Geremia C, Treanor J, Wallen R, White PJ, Hooten MB, Rhyan JC. State-space modeling to support management of brucellosis in the Yellowstone bison population. ECOL MONOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1413.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Gopaul KK, Dainty AC, Muchowski JK, Dawson CE, Stack JA, Whatmore AM. Direct molecular typing of Brucella
strains in field material. Vet Rec 2014; 175:282. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Gopaul
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - A. C. Dainty
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - J. K. Muchowski
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - C. E. Dawson
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - J. A. Stack
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - A. M. Whatmore
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
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17
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Mellado M, Garcia AM, Arellano-Reynoso B, Diaz-Aparicio E, Garcia JE. Milk yield and reproductive performance of brucellosis-vaccinated but seropositive Holstein cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 46:391-7. [PMID: 24254418 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study if seropositivity for brucellosis in vaccinated cows against this disease hampers reproductive performance and milk production in high-yielding Holstein cows. For this purpose 1,026 healthy cows and 372 cows seropositive for brucellosis were enrolled in this study. Cows positive to card test and subsequently to the rivanol test were further subjected to the radial immunodiffusion (RID) test. It was found that only 11% of the presumably infected cows by brucellosis screening tests were really infected with this disease. The reproductive performance of the group of cows with 11% Brucella-infected animals was not impaired; overall pregnancy rate did not differ between seropositive and healthy cows (30.9 vs. 29.6%). The abortion rates were similar between seropositive cows (5.3%) and seronegative animals (6.9%). Cows in the herd with 11% Brucella-infected animals produced significantly more milk than unaffected cows over a 305-day lactation (10,684 ± 1,720 vs. 10,345 ± 1,736; mean ± SD; P < 0.05). It was concluded that in dairy herds vaccinated against brucellosis with both 19 and RB51 strains, supplemental tests such as RID need to be conducted on all reactors in order to maintain diagnostic accuracy. These results also indicate that 11% animal prevalence of brucellosis did not exert a detrimental effect on 305-day milk yield and reproductive performance in high milk-yielding Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mellado
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Antonio Narro Autonomous Agrarian University, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25315, Mexico
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18
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Efficacy of dart or booster vaccination with strain RB51 in protecting bison against experimental Brucella abortus challenge. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:886-90. [PMID: 22496493 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00107-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized the efficacy of the Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine in bison when delivered by single intramuscular vaccination (hand RB51), by single pneumatic dart delivery (dart RB51), or as two vaccinations approximately 13 months apart (booster RB51) in comparison to control bison. All bison were challenged intraconjunctivally in midgestation with 10(7) CFU of B. abortus strain 2308 (S2308). Bison were necropsied and sampled within 72 h of abortion or delivery of a live calf. Compared to nonvaccinated bison, bison in the booster RB51 treatment had a reduced (P < 0.05) incidence of abortion, uterine infection, or infection in maternal tissues other than the mammary gland at necropsy. Bison in single-vaccination treatment groups (hand RB51 and dart RB51) did not differ (P > 0.05) from the control group in the incidence of abortion or recovery of S2308 from uterine, mammary, fetal, or maternal tissues at necropsy. Compared to nonvaccinated animals, all RB51 vaccination groups had reduced (P < 0.05) mean colonization or incidence of infection in at least 2 of 4 target tissues, with the booster RB51 group having reduced (P < 0.05) colonization and incidence of infection in all target tissues. Our data suggest that booster vaccination of bison with RB51 enhances protective immunity against Brucella challenge compared to single vaccination with RB51 by hand or by pneumatic dart. Our study also suggests that an initial vaccination of calves followed by booster vaccination as yearlings should be an effective strategy for brucellosis control in bison.
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