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Bahadori Z, Shafaghi M, Sabzevari J, Madanchi H, Ranjbar MM, Mousavi SF, Shabani AA. Design, development, and assessment of a novel multi-peptide vaccine targeting PspC, PsaA, and PhtD proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128924. [PMID: 38143051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcus is the top cause of diseases such as pneumonia/meningitis, and of secondary infections after viral respiratory diseases like COVID-19/flu. Pneumococcal protein-based vaccines consisting of proteins with various functions in virulence might provide a qualified alternative for present vaccines. In this project, PspC, PsaA, and PhtD proteins were considered to anticipate B/T-cell epitopes using immunoinformatics to develop 4 multi-peptide constructs (C, A, and D individual constructs, and a fusion construct CAD). We tested whether vaccination with CAD is able to elicit more efficient protective responses against infection than vaccination with the individual constructs or combination of C + A + D. Based on the in silico results, the constructs were predicted to be antigenic, soluble, non-toxic, and stable, and also be able to provoke humoral/cellular immune reactions. When mice were immunized with the fusion protein, significantly higher levels of IgG and cytokines were induced in serum. The IgG in the fusion group had an effective bioactivity for pneumococcus clearance utilizing the complement pathway. The mice immunized with fusion protein were the most protected from challenge. This report for the first time presents a novel multi-peptide vaccine composed of immunodominant peptides of PspC, PsaA, and PhtD. In general, the experimental results supported the immunoinformatics predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Bahadori
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Shafaghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jahangir Sabzevari
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Li S, Liang H, Zhao SH, Yang XY, Guo Z. Recent progress in pneumococcal protein vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278346. [PMID: 37818378 PMCID: PMC10560988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections continue to pose a significant global health concern, necessitating the development of effective vaccines. Despite the progress shown by pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines, their limited coverage and the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes have highlighted the need for alternative approaches. Protein-based pneumococcal vaccines, targeting conserved surface proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae, have emerged as a promising strategy. In this review, we provide an overview of the advancements made in the development of pneumococcal protein vaccines. We discuss the key protein vaccine candidates, highlight their vaccination results in animal studies, and explore the challenges and future directions in protein-based pneumococcal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hangeri Liang
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shui-Hao Zhao
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Guo
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Yang M, Su Y, Jiang Y, Huang X, Liu Q, Kong Q. Reducing the endotoxic activity or enhancing the vaccine immunogenicity by altering the length of lipid A acyl chain in Salmonella. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109575. [PMID: 36700768 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The balance of the attenuation and reactogenicity is an issue in the development of recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASV). Some reactogenic strains produced side effects are partially induced by lipid A. As reported, the number of lipid A acyl chains influence the strength and outcome of immune responses. However, there is rarely any study to investigate the modifications of acyl chain length on the effect of the toxicity and immunogenicity in Salmonella. In this study, foreign acyltransferase genes lpxA and lpxD were introduced into S. Typhimurium, which produced the S006 (ΔaraBAD::PlppCtlpxAC10) or S007 (ΔproBA::PlppSslpxDC16) strains with C10 or C16 acyl chains respectively. The results showed that the increased polymyxin B susceptibility, reduced swimming and invasion capabilities were observed in the S006. In addition, it also exhibited a lower endotoxicity and colonization ability compared to the parent strain. The result indicated the introduction of C10 acyl chains could be as a candidate choice for lipid A detoxifying strategy in engineering bacteria. However, the longer acyl chain modification didn't obviously change these abilities. Parallelly, these modifications were introduced into a Salmonella vaccine strain to determine their influences on the immune responses against Pneumonia. After inoculation by the strain V003 (ΔaraBAD ΔproBA::PlppSslpxDC16 χ9241), the mice produced robust levels of anti-PspA IgG, and a balanced Th1/Th2 immunity, which resulted in a significant survival improvement of mice with challenging against Streptococcus pneumonia. Therefore, the combination of lipid A modification with C16 acyl chain may be a better strategy for the development of ideal RASVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of veterinary medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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4
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Bahadori Z, Shafaghi M, Madanchi H, Ranjbar MM, Shabani AA, Mousavi SF. In silico designing of a novel epitope-based candidate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae with introduction of a new domain of PepO as adjuvant. J Transl Med 2022; 20:389. [PMID: 36059030 PMCID: PMC9440865 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading reason for invasive diseases including pneumonia and meningitis, and also secondary infections following viral respiratory diseases such as flu and COVID-19. Currently, serotype-dependent vaccines, which have several insufficiency and limitations, are the only way to prevent pneumococcal infections. Hence, it is plain to need an alternative effective strategy for prevention of this organism. Protein-based vaccine involving conserved pneumococcal protein antigens with different roles in virulence could provide an eligible alternative to existing vaccines. METHODS In this study, PspC, PhtD and PsaA antigens from pneumococcus were taken to account to predict B-cell and helper T-cell epitopes, and epitope-rich regions were chosen to build the construct. To enhance the immunogenicity of the epitope-based vaccine, a truncated N-terminal fragment of pneumococcal endopeptidase O (PepO) was used as a potential TLR2/4 agonist which was identified by molecular docking studies. The ultimate construct was consisted of the chosen epitope-rich regions, along with the adjuvant role (truncated N-PepO) and suitable linkers. RESULTS The epitope-based vaccine was assessed as regards physicochemical properties, allergenicity, antigenicity, and toxicity. The 3D structure of the engineered construct was modeled, refined, and validated. Molecular docking and simulation of molecular dynamics (MD) indicated the proper and stable interactions between the vaccine and TLR2/4 throughout the simulation periods. CONCLUSIONS For the first time this work presents a novel vaccine consisting of epitopes of PspC, PhtD, and PsaA antigens which is adjuvanted with a new truncated domain of PepO. The computational outcomes revealed that the suggested vaccine could be deemed an efficient therapeutic vaccine for S. pneumoniae; nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo examinations should be performed to prove the potency of the candidate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Bahadori
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Research Center of Biotechnology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Shafaghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Research Center of Biotechnology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Research Center of Biotechnology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
- Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. .,Research Center of Biotechnology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Gingerich AD, Mousa JJ. Diverse Mechanisms of Protective Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:824788. [PMID: 35155281 PMCID: PMC8834882 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, otitis media, septicemia, and meningitis in children and adults. Current prevention and treatment efforts are primarily pneumococcal conjugate vaccines that target the bacterial capsule polysaccharide, as well as antibiotics for pathogen clearance. While these methods have been enormously effective at disease prevention and treatment, there has been an emergence of non-vaccine serotypes, termed serotype replacement, and increasing antibiotic resistance among these serotypes. To combat S. pneumoniae, the immune system must deploy an arsenal of antimicrobial functions. However, S. pneumoniae has evolved a repertoire of evasion techniques and is able to modulate the host immune system. Antibodies are a key component of pneumococcal immunity, targeting both the capsule polysaccharide and protein antigens on the surface of the bacterium. These antibodies have been shown to play a variety of roles including increasing opsonophagocytic activity, enzymatic and toxin neutralization, reducing bacterial adherence, and altering bacterial gene expression. In this review, we describe targets of anti-pneumococcal antibodies and describe antibody functions and effectiveness against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Gingerich
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jarrod J. Mousa
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jarrod J. Mousa,
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Chan WY, Entwisle C, Ercoli G, Ramos-Sevillano E, McIlgorm A, Cecchini P, Bailey C, Lam O, Whiting G, Green N, Goldblatt D, Wheeler JX, Brown JS. Corrected and Republished from: "A Novel, Multiple-Antigen Pneumococcal Vaccine Protects against Lethal Streptococcus pneumoniae Challenge". Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0084618a. [PMID: 35076289 PMCID: PMC9199499 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00846-18a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae uses vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides from selected serotypes and has led to nonvaccine serotype replacement disease. We have investigated an alternative serotype-independent approach, using multiple-antigen vaccines (MAV) prepared from S. pneumoniae TIGR4 lysates enriched for surface proteins by a chromatography step after culture under conditions that induce expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp; thought to be immune adjuvants). Proteomics and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that, compared to standard bacterial lysates, MAV was enriched with Hsps and contained several recognized protective protein antigens, including pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and pneumolysin (Ply). Vaccination of rodents with MAV induced robust antibody responses to multiple serotypes, including nonpneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes. Homologous and heterologous strains of S. pneumoniae were opsonized after incubation in sera from vaccinated rodents. In mouse models, active vaccination with MAV significantly protected against pneumonia, while passive transfer of rabbit serum from MAV-vaccinated rabbits significantly protected against sepsis caused by both homologous and heterologous S. pneumoniae strains. Direct comparison of MAV preparations made with or without the heat shock step showed no clear differences in protein antigen content and antigenicity, suggesting that the chromatography step rather than Hsp induction improved MAV antigenicity. Overall, these data suggest that the MAV approach may provide serotype-independent protection against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win-Yan Chan
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Ramos-Sevillano
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann McIlgorm
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Oliver Lam
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Whiting
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Green
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldblatt
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X. Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Stojanov M, Besançon H, Snäkä T, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Curtiss R, Baud D. Differentially regulated promoters for antigen expression in Salmonella vaccine strains. Vaccine 2020; 38:4154-4161. [PMID: 32376109 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In most attenuated Salmonella enterica vaccines, heterologous antigens are expressed under the control of strong inducible promoters to ensure a high level of synthesis. Although high expression levels of the antigen can improve the immunogenicity of the vaccine, they might be toxic to the Salmonella carrier. Expression problems could be avoided by the use of promoters with specific characteristics with respect to strength and timing of expression. To study the expression of ten selected promoters, translational promoter-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions were analyzed in three attenuated Salmonella strains, Ty21a, SL3261 and PhoPC. Promoter expression was evaluated both in vitro and in intracellular conditions using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, with specific focus on the levels and timing of expression. We identified one major candidate promoter (Pasr) that could be used to express antigens specifically during in vivo conditions, without impairing bacterial growth during in vitro vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Stojanov
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hervé Besançon
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Snäkä
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Roy Curtiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - David Baud
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Converso TR, Assoni L, André GO, Darrieux M, Leite LCC. The long search for a serotype independent pneumococcal vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:57-70. [PMID: 31903805 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1711055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Serotype replacement - a consequence of polysaccharide vaccine use - will continue to drive the inclusion of new serotypes on conjugate vaccines, increasing production complexity and costs, and making an already expensive vaccine less accessible to developing countries, where prevalence is higher and resources available for health systems, scarcer. Serotype-independent formulations are a promising option, but so far they have not been successful in reducing colonization/transmission.Areas covered: Protein-based and whole-cell vaccine candidates studied in the past 30 years. Challenges for serotype-independent vaccine development and alternative approaches.Expert opinion: Clinical trials performed so far demonstrated the importance to establish more reliable animal models and better correlates of protection. Defining appropriate endpoints for clinical trials of serotype-independent vaccine candidates has been a challenge. Inhibition of colonization has been evaluated, but concern on the extent of bacterial elimination is still a matter of debate. Challenges on establishing representative sites for clinical trials, sample sizes and appropriate age groups are discussed. On a whole, although many challenges will have to be overcome, establishing protein-based antigens as serotype-independent vaccines is still the best alternative against the huge burden of pneumococcal diseases in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Converso
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - L Assoni
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - G O André
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - M Darrieux
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - L C C Leite
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Castro JT, Oliveira GS, Nishigasako MA, Debrie AS, Miyaji EN, Soares-Schanoski A, Akamatsu MA, Locht C, Ho PL, Mielcarek N, Oliveira MLS. Evaluation of inactivated Bordetella pertussis as a delivery system for the immunization of mice with Pneumococcal Surface Antigen A. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228055. [PMID: 31945121 PMCID: PMC6964896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) has been successfully tested as vaccine candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Vaccines able to induce PspA-specific antibodies and Th1 cytokines usually provide protection in mice. We have shown that the whole cell pertussis vaccine (wP) or components from acellular pertussis vaccines, such as Pertussis Toxin or Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA), are good adjuvants to PspA, suggesting that combined pertussis-PspA vaccines would be interesting strategies against the two infections. Here, we evaluated the potential of wP as a delivery vector to PspA. Bordetella pertussis strains producing a PspA from clade 4 (PspA4Pro) fused to the N-terminal region of FHA (Fha44) were constructed and inactivated with formaldehyde for the production of wPPspA4Pro. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with wPPspA4Pro induced low levels of anti-PspA4 IgG, even after 3 doses, and did not protect against a lethal pneumococcal challenge. Prime-boost strategies using wPPspA4Pro and PspA4Pro showed that there was no advantage in using the wPPspA4Pro vaccine. Immunization of mice with purified PspA4Pro induced higher levels of antibodies and protection against pneumococcal infection than the prime-boost strategies. Finally, purified Fha44:PspA4Pro induced high levels of anti-PspA4Pro IgG, but no protection, suggesting that the antibodies induced by the fusion protein were not directed to protective epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Castro
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anne-Sophie Debrie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eliane N. Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milena A. Akamatsu
- Seção de Vacinas Aeróbicas, Divisão Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paulo L. Ho
- Seção de Vacinas Aeróbicas, Divisão Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Mielcarek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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10
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Liu Q, Li P, Luo H, Curtiss R, Kong Q. Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium expressing Salmonella Paratyphoid A O-antigen induces protective immune responses against two Salmonella strains. Virulence 2019; 10:82-96. [PMID: 31874075 PMCID: PMC6363073 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1559673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A is the main causative agent of paratyphoid fever in many Asian countries. As paratyphoid is spread by the fecal-oral route, the most effective means of controlling S. Paratyphi A infection is through the availability of clean water supplies and working sanitation services. Because sanitation facilities improve slowly in these poor areas and antibiotic resistance is severe, the development of a safe and effective vaccine remains a priority for controlling the spread of paratyphoid disease. In this study, we investigated the strategy of heterologous O-antigenic O2 serotype (S. Paratyphi A characterized) conversion in S. Typhimurium to prevent paratyphoid infections. A series of S. Typhimurium mutants were constructed with replacement of abe, wzxB1 and wbaVB1 genes with respective prt-tyvA1, wzxA1 and wbaVA1, and the results showed that only three genes including prt, wbaVA1 and wzxA1 from S. Paratyphi A presence enable S. Typhimurium to sufficiently express O2 antigen polysaccharide. We also constructed a series of live attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccine candidates expressing heterologous O2 O-antigens, and a mouse model was used to evaluate the immunogenicity of live vaccines. ELISA data showed that vaccine candidates could induce a comparatively high level of S. Paratyphi A and/or S. Typhimurium LPS-specific IgG and IgA responses in murine model, and IgG2a levels were consistently higher than IgG1 levels. Moreover, the functional properties of serum antibodies were evaluated using in vitro C3 complement deposition and opsonophagocytic assays. Our work highlights the potential for developing S. Typhimurium live vaccines against S. Paratyphi A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Pillot A, Defontaine A, Fateh A, Lambert A, Prasanna M, Fanuel M, Pipelier M, Csaba N, Violo T, Camberlein E, Grandjean C. Site-Specific Conjugation for Fully Controlled Glycoconjugate Vaccine Preparation. Front Chem 2019; 7:726. [PMID: 31737603 PMCID: PMC6839274 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines are formed by covalently link a carbohydrate antigen to a carrier protein whose role is to achieve a long lasting immune response directed against the carbohydrate antigen. The nature of the sugar antigen, its length, its ratio per carrier protein and the conjugation chemistry impact on both structure and the immune response of a glycoconjugate vaccine. In addition it has long been assumed that the sites at which the carbohydrate antigen is attached can also have an impact. These important issue can now be addressed owing to the development of novel chemoselective ligation reactions as well as techniques such as site-selective mutagenesis, glycoengineering, or extension of the genetic code. The preparation and characterization of homogeneous bivalent pneumococcal vaccines is reported. The preparation and characterization of homogeneous bivalent pneumococcal vaccines is reported. A synthetic tetrasaccharide representative of the serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been linked using the thiol/maleimide coupling chemistry to four different Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) mutants, each harboring a single cysteine mutation at a defined position. Humoral response of these 1 to 1 carbohydrate antigen/PsaA conjugates have been assessed in mice. Our results showed that the carbohydrate antigen-PsaA connectivity impacts the anti-carrier response and raise questions about the design of glycoconjugate vaccine whereby the protein plays the dual role of immunogen and carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Pillot
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Defontaine
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Amina Fateh
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Annie Lambert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Maruthi Prasanna
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), School of Pharamacy, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- Unité Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages Plate-Forme BIBS, INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Muriel Pipelier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), School of Pharamacy, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Typhaine Violo
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR 6286, Nantes, France
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A Novel, Multiple-Antigen Pneumococcal Vaccine Protects against Lethal Streptococcus pneumoniae Challenge. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00846-18. [PMID: 30530620 PMCID: PMC6386546 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00846-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae uses vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides from selected serotypes and has led to nonvaccine serotype replacement disease. We have investigated an alternative serotype-independent approach, using multiple-antigen vaccines (MAV) prepared from S. pneumoniae TIGR4 lysates enriched for surface proteins by a chromatography step after culture under conditions that induce expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp; thought to be immune adjuvants). Current vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae uses vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides from selected serotypes and has led to nonvaccine serotype replacement disease. We have investigated an alternative serotype-independent approach, using multiple-antigen vaccines (MAV) prepared from S. pneumoniae TIGR4 lysates enriched for surface proteins by a chromatography step after culture under conditions that induce expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp; thought to be immune adjuvants). Proteomics and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that, compared to standard bacterial lysates, MAV was enriched with Hsps and contained several recognized protective protein antigens, including pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and pneumolysin (Ply). Vaccination of rodents with MAV induced robust antibody responses to multiple serotypes, including nonpneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes. Homologous and heterologous strains of S. pneumoniae were opsonized after incubation in sera from vaccinated rodents. In mouse models, active vaccination with MAV significantly protected against pneumonia, while passive transfer of rabbit serum from MAV-vaccinated rabbits significantly protected against sepsis caused by both homologous and heterologous S. pneumoniae strains. Direct comparison of MAV preparations made with or without the heat shock step showed no clear differences in protein antigen content and antigenicity, suggesting that the chromatography step rather than Hsp induction improved MAV antigenicity. Overall, these data suggest that the MAV approach may provide serotype-independent protection against S. pneumoniae.
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Prasanna M, Soulard D, Camberlein E, Ruffier N, Lambert A, Trottein F, Csaba N, Grandjean C. Semisynthetic glycoconjugate based on dual role protein/PsaA as a pneumococcal vaccine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 129:31-41. [PMID: 30572107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal infections remain a major public health concern worldwide. The currently available vaccines in the market are based on pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides but they still need to be improved to secure an optimal coverage notably in population at risk. To circumvent this, association of virulence pneumococcal proteins to the polysaccharide valencies has been proposed with the hope to observe an additive - if not synergistic - protective effect. Along this line, the use of the highly conserved and ubiquitous pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) as a protein carrier for a synthetic pneumococcal oligosaccharide is demonstrated herein for the first time. A tetrasaccharide mimicking functional antigenic determinants from the S. pneumoniae serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide (Pn14TS) was chemically synthesised. The mature PsaA (mPsaA) was expressed in E. coli and purified using affinity chromatography. The Pn14PS was conjugated to mPsaA using maleimide-thiol coupling chemistry to obtain mPsaA-Pn14PS conjugate (protein/sugar molar ratio: 1/5.4). The mPsaA retained the structural conformation after the conjugation and lyophilisation. The prepared glycoconjugate adjuvanted with α-galactosylceramide, a potent activator of invariant Natural Killer T cells, was tested in mice for its immunological response upon subcutaneous injection in comparison with mPsaA alone and a model BSA conjugate (BSA-Pn14PS, used here as a control). Mice immunised with the mPsaA-Pn14TS produced a robust IgG response against mPsaA and against the capsular polysaccharide from pneumococcal serotype 14. These data provide the basis for novel pneumococcal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthi Prasanna
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR CNRS 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR CNRS 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Ruffier
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR CNRS 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Annie Lambert
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR CNRS 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR CNRS 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex, France.
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Islam MA, Firdous J, Badruddoza AZM, Reesor E, Azad M, Hasan A, Lim M, Cao W, Guillemette S, Cho CS. M cell targeting engineered biomaterials for effective vaccination. Biomaterials 2018; 192:75-94. [PMID: 30439573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the greatest medical interventions of all time and have been successful in controlling and eliminating a myriad of diseases over the past two centuries. Among several vaccination strategies, mucosal vaccines have wide clinical applications and attract considerable interest in research, showing potential as innovative and novel therapeutics. In mucosal vaccination, targeting (microfold) M cells is a frontline prerequisite for inducing effective antigen-specific immunostimulatory effects. In this review, we primarily focus on materials engineered for use as vaccine delivery platforms to target M cells. We also describe potential M cell targeting areas, methods to overcome current challenges and limitations of the field. Furthermore, we present the potential of biomaterials engineering as well as various natural and synthetic delivery technologies to overcome the challenges of M cell targeting, all of which are absent in current literature. Finally, we briefly discuss manufacturing and regulatory processes to bring a robust perspective on the feasibility and potential of this next-generation vaccine technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ariful Islam
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jannatul Firdous
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emma Reesor
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mohammad Azad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Wuji Cao
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Simon Guillemette
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Chong Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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15
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Kohler S, Voß F, Gómez Mejia A, Brown JS, Hammerschmidt S. Pneumococcal lipoproteins involved in bacterial fitness, virulence, and immune evasion. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3820-3839. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kohler
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University of Greifswald; Germany
| | - Franziska Voß
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University of Greifswald; Germany
| | - Alejandro Gómez Mejia
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University of Greifswald; Germany
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Department of Medicine; Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair; University College Medical School; London UK
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University of Greifswald; Germany
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Otczyk DC, Cripps AW. Vaccination for the control of childhood bacterial pneumonia - Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal vaccines. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2016; 2:2-15. [PMID: 31463182 PMCID: PMC6707409 DOI: 10.15172/pneu.2013.2/229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia in childhood is endemic in large parts of the world and in particular, in developing countries, as well as in many indigenous communities within developed nations. Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae conjugate vaccines are currently available against the leading bacterial causes of pneumonia. The use of the vaccines in both industrialised and developing countries have shown a dramatic reduction in the burden of pneumonia and invasive disease in children. However, the greatest threat facing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine effectiveness is serotype replacement. The current vaccines provide serotype-specific, antibody-mediated protection against only a few of the 90+ capsule serotypes. Therefore, there has been a focus in recent years to rapidly advance technologies that will result in broader disease coverage and more affordable vaccines that can be used in developing countries. The next generation of pneumococcal vaccines have advanced to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Otczyk
- School of Medicine, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222 Australia
| | - Allan W. Cripps
- School of Medicine, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222 Australia
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17
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Hwang IY, Koh E, Kim HR, Yew WS, Chang MW. Reprogrammable microbial cell-based therapeutics against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 27:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Lu J, Sun T, Wang D, Dong Y, Xu M, Hou H, Kong FT, Liang C, Gu T, Chen P, Sun S, Lv X, Jiang C, Kong W, Wu Y. Protective Immune Responses Elicited by Fusion Protein Containing PsaA and PspA Fragments. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:482-96. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1037956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Wilson R, Cohen JM, Jose RJ, de Vogel C, Baxendale H, Brown JS. Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection after nasopharyngeal colonization requires both humoral and cellular immune responses. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:627-39. [PMID: 25354319 PMCID: PMC4351900 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia and infective exacerbations of chronic lung disease, yet there are few data on how adaptive immunity can specifically prevent S. pneumoniae lung infection. We have used a murine model of nasopharyngeal colonization by the serotype 19F S. pneumoniae strain EF3030 followed by lung infection to investigate whether colonization protects against subsequent lung infection and the mechanisms involved. EF3030 colonization induced systemic and local immunoglobulin G against a limited number of S. pneumoniae protein antigens rather than capsular polysaccharide. During lung infection, previously colonized mice had increased early cytokine responses and neutrophil recruitment and reduced bacterial colony-forming units in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with control mice. Colonization-induced protection was lost when experiments were repeated in B-cell- or neutrophil-deficient mice. Furthermore, the improved interleukin (IL)-17 response to infection in previously colonized mice was abolished by depletion of CD4+ cells, and prior colonization did not protect against lung infection in mice depleted of CD4+ cells or IL17. Together these data show that naturally acquired protective immunity to S. pneumoniae lung infection requires both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, providing a template for the design of improved vaccines that can specifically prevent pneumonia or acute bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wilson
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - J M Cohen
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - R J Jose
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - C de Vogel
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Baxendale
- Clinical Immunology Department, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J S Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, UK,()
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20
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Kuipers K, Daleke-Schermerhorn MH, Jong WSP, ten Hagen-Jongman CM, van Opzeeland F, Simonetti E, Luirink J, de Jonge MI. Salmonella outer membrane vesicles displaying high densities of pneumococcal antigen at the surface offer protection against colonization. Vaccine 2015; 33:2022-9. [PMID: 25776921 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are attractive vaccine formulations because they have intrinsic immunostimulatory properties. In principle, heterologous antigens incorporated into OMVs will elicit specific immune responses, especially if presented at the vesicle surface and thus optimally exposed to the immune system. In this study, we explored the feasibility of our recently developed autotransporter Hbp platform, designed to efficiently and simultaneously display multiple antigens at the surface of bacterial OMVs, for vaccine development. Using two Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins as model antigens, we showed that intranasally administered Salmonella OMVs displaying high levels of antigens at the surface induced strong protection in a murine model of pneumococcal colonization, without the need for a mucosal adjuvant. Importantly, reduction in bacterial recovery from the nasal cavity was correlated with local production of antigen-specific IL-17A. Furthermore, the protective efficacy and the production of antigen-specific IL-17A, and local and systemic IgGs, were all improved at increased concentrations of the displayed antigen. This discovery highlights the importance of an adequate antigen expression system for development of recombinant OMV vaccines. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the suitability of the Hbp platform for development of a new generation of OMV vaccines, and illustrate the potential of using this approach to develop a broadly protective mucosal pneumococcal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Kuipers
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria H Daleke-Schermerhorn
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter S P Jong
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Corinne M ten Hagen-Jongman
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fred van Opzeeland
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elles Simonetti
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Xu JH, Dai WJ, Chen B, Fan XY. Mucosal Immunization with PsaA Protein, Using Chitosan as a Delivery System, Increases Protection Against Acute Otitis Media and Invasive Infection byStreptococcus pneumoniae. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:177-85. [PMID: 25565478 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-H. Xu
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery; Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital of Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Hearing Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - W.-J. Dai
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery; Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital of Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Hearing Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - B. Chen
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery; Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital of Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Hearing Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - X.-Y. Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University; Shanghai China
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22
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Abstract
This chapter reviews papers mostly written since 2005 that report results using live attenuated bacterial vectors to deliver after administration through mucosal surfaces, protective antigens, and DNA vaccines, encoding protective antigens to induce immune responses and/or protective immunity to pathogens that colonize on or invade through mucosal surfaces. Papers that report use of such vaccine vector systems for parenteral vaccination or to deal with nonmucosal pathogens or do not address induction of mucosal antibody and/or cellular immune responses are not reviewed.
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23
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In vivo expression of Streptococcus pyogenes immunogenic proteins during tibial foreign body infection. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3891-9. [PMID: 25001603 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01831-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen that causes a number of diseases with a wide range of severities. While all known strains of GAS are still sensitive to penicillin, there have been reports of antibiotic treatment failure in as many as 20% to 40% of cases. Biofilm formation has been implicated as a possible cause for these failures. A biofilm is a microbially derived, sessile community where cells grow attached to a surface or as a bacterial conglomerate and surrounded by a complex extracellular matrix. While the ability of group A streptococcus to form biofilms in the laboratory has been shown, there is a lack of understanding of the role of GAS biofilms during an infection. We hypothesized that during infections, GAS exhibits a biofilm phenotype, complete with unique protein expression. To test this hypothesis, a rabbit model of GAS osteomyelitis was developed. A rabbit was inoculated with GAS using an infected indwelling device. Following the infection, blood and tissue samples were collected. Histological samples of the infected tibia were prepared, and the formation of a biofilm in vivo was visualized using peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) and confocal microscopy. In addition, Western blotting with convalescent rabbit serum detected cell wall proteins expressed in vitro under biofilm and planktonic growth conditions. Immunogenic proteins were then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). These identities, along with the in vivo results, support the hypothesis that GAS forms biofilms during an infection. This unique phenotype should be taken into consideration when designing a vaccine or any other treatment for group A streptococcus infections.
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Gebril A, Alsaadi M, Acevedo R, Mullen AB, Ferro VA. Optimizing efficacy of mucosal vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:1139-55. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae still causes severe morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in young children and the elderly. Much effort has been dedicated to developing protein-based universal vaccines to conquer the current shortcomings of capsular vaccines and capsular conjugate vaccines, such as serotype replacement, limited coverage and high costs. A recombinant live vector vaccine delivering protective antigens is a promising way to achieve this goal. In this review, we discuss the researches using live recombinant vaccines, mainly live attenuated Salmonella and lactic acid bacteria, to deliver pneumococcal antigens. We also discuss both the limitations and the future of these vaccines.
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Miyaji EN, Oliveira MLS, Carvalho E, Ho PL. Serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3303-26. [PMID: 23269437 PMCID: PMC11113425 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains an important cause of disease with high mortality and morbidity, especially in children and in the elderly. The widespread use of the polysaccharide conjugate vaccines in some countries has led to a significant decrease in invasive disease caused by vaccine serotypes, but an increase in disease caused by non-vaccine serotypes has impacted on the overall efficacy of these vaccines on pneumococcal disease. The obvious solution to overcome such shortcomings would be the development of new formulations that provide serotype-independent immunity. This review focuses on the most promising approaches, including protein antigens, whole cell pneumococcal vaccines, and recombinant bacteria expressing pneumococcal antigens. The protective capacity of these vaccine candidates against the different stages of pneumococcal infection, including colonization, mucosal disease, and invasive disease in animal models is reviewed. Some of the human trials that have already been performed or that are currently ongoing are presented. Finally, the feasibility and the possible shortcomings of these candidates in relation to an ideal vaccine against pneumococcal infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Namie Miyaji
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900 Brazil
| | | | - Eneas Carvalho
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900 Brazil
| | - Paulo Lee Ho
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900 Brazil
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Darrieux M, Goulart C, Briles D, Leite LCDC. Current status and perspectives on protein-based pneumococcal vaccines. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 41:190-200. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.813902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Brenneman KE, Willingham C, Kong W, Curtiss R, Roland KL. Low-pH rescue of acid-sensitive Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strains by a Rhamnose-regulated arginine decarboxylase system. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:3062-72. [PMID: 23645603 PMCID: PMC3697538 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00104-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For Salmonella, transient exposure to gastric pH prepares invading bacteria for the stresses of host-cell interactions. To resist the effects of low pH, wild-type Salmonella enterica uses the acid tolerance response and the arginine decarboxylase acid resistance system. However, arginine decarboxylase is typically repressed under routine culture conditions, and for many live attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains, the acid tolerance response is unable to provide the necessary protection. The objective of this study was to enhance survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccine strains at pHs 3.0 and 2.5 to compensate for the defects in the acid tolerance response imposed by mutations in rpoS, phoPQ, and fur. We placed the arginine decarboxylase system (adiA and adiC) under the control of the ParaBAD or PrhaBAD promoter to provide inducible acid resistance when cells are grown under routine culture conditions. The rhamnose-regulated promoter PrhaBAD was less sensitive to the presence of its cognate sugar than the arabinose-regulated promoter ParaBAD and provided tighter control over adiA expression. Increased survival at low pH was only observed when adiA and adiC were coregulated by rhamnose and depended on the presence of rhamnose in the culture medium and arginine in the challenge medium. Rhamnose-regulated acid resistance significantly improved the survival of ΔaroD and ΔphoPQ mutants at pHs 3 and 2.5 but only modestly improved the survival of a fur mutant. The construction of the rhamnose-regulated arginine decarboxylase system allowed us to render S. Typhi acid resistant (to pH 2.5) on demand, with survival levels approximately equivalent to that of the native arginine decarboxylase system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Kong
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Roland
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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A colanic acid operon deletion mutation enhances induction of early antibody responses by live attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains. Infect Immun 2013; 81:3148-62. [PMID: 23774599 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00097-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colanic acid (CA) is a common exopolysaccharide produced by many genera in the Enterobacteriaceae. It is critical for biofilm formation on HEp-2 cells and on chicken intestinal tissue by Salmonella. In this study, we generated different CA synthesis gene mutants and evaluated the immune responses induced by these mutants. One of these mutations, Δ(wza-wcaM)8, which deleted the whole operon for CA synthesis, was introduced into two Salmonella vaccine strains attenuated by auxotrophic traits or by the regulated delayed attenuation strategy (RDAS). The mice immunized with the auxotrophic Salmonella vaccine strain with the deletion mutation Δ(wza-wcaM)8 developed higher vaginal IgA titers against the heterologous protective antigen and higher levels of antigen-specific IgA secretion cells in lungs. In Salmonella vaccine strains with RDAS, the strain with the Δ(wza-wcaM)8 mutation resulted in higher levels of protective antigen production during in vitro growth. Mice immunized with this strain developed higher serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibody responses at 2 weeks. This strain also resulted in better gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses than the strain without this deletion at doses of 10(8) and 10(9) CFU. Thus, the mutation Δ(wza-wcaM)8 will be included in various recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) strains with RDAS derived from Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi to induce protective immunity against bacterial pathogens.
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30
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Pelton SI, Pettigrew MM, Barenkamp SJ, Godfroid F, Grijalva CG, Leach A, Patel J, Murphy TF, Selak S, Bakaletz LO. Panel 6: Vaccines. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:E90-101. [PMID: 23536534 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812466535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update progress on the effectiveness of vaccine for prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) and identification of promising candidate antigens against Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. REVIEW METHODS Literature searches were performed in OvidSP and PubMed restricted to articles published between June 2007 and September 2011. Search terms included otitis media, vaccines, vaccine antigens, and each of the otitis pathogens and candidate antigens identified in the ninth conference report. CONCLUSIONS The current report provides further evidence for the effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in the prevention of otitis media. Observational studies demonstrate a greater decline in AOM episodes than reported in clinical efficacy trials. Unmet challenges include extending protection to additional serotypes and additional pathogens, the need to prevent early episodes, the development of correlates of protection for protein antigens, and the need to define where an otitis media vaccine strategy fits with priorities for child health. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Acute otitis media continues to be a burden on children and families, especially those who suffer from frequent recurrences. The 7-valent PCV (PCV7) has reduced the burden of disease as well as shifted the pneumococcal serotypes and the distribution of otopathogens currently reported in children with AOM. Antibiotic resistance remains an ongoing challenge. Multiple candidate antigens have demonstrated the necessary requirements of conservation, surface exposure, immunogenicity, and protection in animal models. Further research on the role of each antigen in pathogenesis, in the development of correlates of protection in animal models, and in new adjuvants to elicit responses in the youngest infants is likely to be productive and permit more antigens to move into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen I Pelton
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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31
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Evaluation of regulated delayed attenuation strategies for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccine vectors in neonatal and infant mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:931-44. [PMID: 23616408 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00003-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We developed regulated delayed attenuation strategies for Salmonella vaccine vectors. In this study, we evaluated the combination of these strategies in recombinant attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine vectors with similar genetic backgrounds in vitro and in vivo. Our goal is to develop a vaccine to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in newborns; thus, all strains delivered a pneumococcal antigen PspA and the impact of maternal antibodies was evaluated. The results showed that all strains with the regulated delayed attenuated phenotype (RDAP) displayed an invasive ability stronger than that of the S. Typhi vaccine strain, Ty21a, but weaker than that of their corresponding wild-type parental strains. The survival curves of different RDAP vaccine vectors in vitro and in vivo exhibited diverse regulated delayed attenuation kinetics, which was different from S. Typhi Ty21a and the wild-type parental strains. Under the influence of maternal antibody, the persistence of the S. Typhimurium RDAP strain displayed a regulated delayed attenuation trend in nasal lymphoid tissue (NALT), lung, and Peyer's patches, while the persistence of S. Typhi RDAP strains followed the curve only in NALT. The bacterial loads of S. Typhi RDAP strains were lower in NALT, lung, and Peyer's patches in mice born to immune mothers than in those born to naive mothers. In accordance with these results, RDAP vaccine strains induced high titers of IgG antibodies against PspA and against Salmonella lipopolysaccharides. Immunization of mothers with S. Typhi RDAP strains enhanced the level of vaginal mucosal IgA, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) and resulted in a higher level of protection against S. pneumoniae challenge.
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32
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Qiu L, Wang X, Hao H, Mu G, Dang R, Wang J, Zhang S, Du E, Yang Z. Oral administration of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium containing a DNA vaccine against rabbit haemorrhagic disease. J Virol Methods 2012; 188:108-13. [PMID: 23270916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as a bactofection vehicle for the oral delivery of a DNA vaccine against rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was investigated. The DNA vaccine plasmid pcDNA3.1-VP60, which encodes the viral capsid protein VP60, was transformed into the attenuated S. typhimurium strain SL7207. The resulting recombinant bacteria, named as SL/pcDNA3.1-VP60, were orally used to immunise rabbits. The successful delivery of the DNA plasmid was confirmed by the detected VP60 transcription in the rabbit intestines through the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the RHDV-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune response that was induced by SL/pcDNA3.1-VP60 was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as the assays for T lymphocyte proliferation and cytokines secretion. The significant protection of immunised rabbits against the RHDV strain XA/China/2010 at 42 d post-immunisation was demonstrated. This study is the first report about the efficient usage of attenuated Salmonella as a live vector for the oral delivery of a DNA vaccine against RHDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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33
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New technologies in developing recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine vectors. Microb Pathog 2012; 58:17-28. [PMID: 23142647 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) vectors producing recombinant gene-encoded protective antigens should have special traits. These features ensure that the vaccines survive stresses encountered in the gastrointestinal tract following oral vaccination to colonize lymphoid tissues without causing disease symptoms and to result in induction of long-lasting protective immune responses. We recently described ways to achieve these goals by using regulated delayed in vivo attenuation and regulated delayed in vivo antigen synthesis, enabling RASVs to efficiently colonize effector lymphoid tissues and to serve as factories to synthesize protective antigens that induce higher protective immune responses. We also developed some additional new strategies to increase vaccine safety and efficiency. Modification of lipid A can reduce the inflammatory responses without compromising the vaccine efficiency. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Salmonella-containing heterologous protective antigens can be used to increase vaccine efficiency. A dual-plasmid system, possessing Asd+ and DadB+ selection markers, each specifying a different protective antigen, can be used to develop multivalent live vaccines. These new technologies have been adopted to develop a novel, low-cost RASV synthesizing multiple protective pneumococcal protein antigens that could be safe for newborns/infants and induce protective immunity to diverse Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes after oral immunization.
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The Asd(+)-DadB(+) dual-plasmid system offers a novel means to deliver multiple protective antigens by a recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3621-33. [PMID: 22868499 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00620-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed means to deliver multiple heterologous antigens on dual plasmids with non-antibiotic-resistance markers in a single recombinant attenuated vaccine strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. The first component of this delivery system is a strain of S. Typhimurium carrying genomic deletions in alr, dadB, and asd, resulting in obligate requirements for diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and d-alanine for growth. The second component is the Asd(+)-DadB(+) plasmid pair carrying wild-type copies of asdA and dadB, respectively, to complement the mutations. To evaluate the protection efficacy of the dual-plasmid vaccine, S. Typhimurium strain χ9760 (a strain with multiple attenuating mutations: Δasd Δalr ΔdadB ΔrecF) was transformed with Asd(+) and DadB(+) plasmids specifying pneumococcal antigens PspA and PspC, respectively. Both plasmids were stable in χ9760 for 50 generations when grown in nonselective medium. This was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than the stability seen in its recF(+) counterpart χ9590 and could be attributed to reduced interplasmid recombination in χ9760. Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with 1 × 10(9) CFU of χ9760 (carrying Asd(+)-PspA and DadB(+)-PspC plasmids) elicited a dominant Th1-type serum IgG response against both antigens and protected mice against intraperitoneal challenge with 200 50% lethal doses (LD(50)s) of virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae strain WU2 or intravenous challenge with 100 LD(50)s of virulent S. pneumoniae strain L81905 or intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of S. pneumoniae A66.1 in a pneumonia model. Protection offered by χ9760 was superior to that offered by the mixture of two strains, χ9828 (Asd(+)-PspA) and χ11026 (DadB(+)-PspC). This novel dual-plasmid system marks a remarkable improvement in the development of live bacterial vaccines.
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35
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TroA of Streptococcus suis is required for manganese acquisition and full virulence. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:5073-80. [PMID: 21784944 DOI: 10.1128/jb.05305-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis causes infections in pigs and occasionally in humans, resulting in manifestations as meningitis, sepsis, arthritis, and septic shock. For survival within the host, S. suis requires numerous nutrients including trace metals. Little is known about the specific proteins involved in metal scavenging in S. suis. In this study we evaluated the role of the putative high-affinity metal binding lipoprotein TroA in metal acquisition and virulence. A mutant strain deficient in the expression of TroA (ΔtroA mutant) was constructed. Growth of the ΔtroA mutant in Todd-Hewitt broth was similar to wild-type growth; however, growth of the ΔtroA mutant in cation-deprived Todd-Hewitt broth and in porcine serum was strongly reduced compared to growth of wild-type bacteria. Supplementing the medium with extra manganese but not with magnesium, zinc, copper, nickel, or iron restored growth to wild-type levels, indicating that TroA is specifically required for growth in environments low in manganese. The ΔtroA mutant also showed increased susceptibility to H2O2, suggesting that TroA is involved in counteracting oxidative stress. Furthermore, the expression of the troA gene was subject to environmental regulation at the transcript level. In a murine S. suis infection model, the ΔtroA mutant displayed a nonvirulent phenotype. These data indicate that S. suis TroA is involved in manganese acquisition and is required for full virulence in mice.
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36
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Moffitt KL, Malley R. Next generation pneumococcal vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 23:407-13. [PMID: 21514128 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently licensed pneumococcal vaccines are based on the generation of antibodies to the pneumococcal polysaccharide, of which there are more than 90 different types. While these vaccines are highly effective against the serotypes included, their high cost and limited serotype coverage limit their usefulness worldwide, particularly in low resource areas. Thus alternative or adjunctive options are being actively pursued. This review will present these various approaches, including variations of the polysaccharide-protein conjugate strategy, protein-based strategies, and whole cell pneumococcal vaccines. The immunological basis for these different approaches is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Moffitt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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37
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Scavone P, Umpiérrez A, Maskell DJ, Zunino P. Nasal immunization with attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium expressing an MrpA-TetC fusion protein significantly reduces Proteus mirabilis colonization in the mouse urinary tract. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:899-904. [PMID: 21415205 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.030460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective strategies to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become an important goal in public health. Proteus mirabilis is commonly associated with complicated UTIs and expresses several virulence factors, including mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae. Here, a fusion protein formed from MrpA, the structural protein of MR/P fimbriae, and TetC, a non-toxic but highly immunogenic fragment of tetanus toxin, to be delivered by an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium mutant in vivo was constructed. The ability of this strain to induce an immune response and to protect mice against a urinary tract challenge with P. mirabilis was investigated. The protein was successfully expressed in S. Typhimurium. After two immunization doses, intra-nasally vaccinated mice showed a significant increase in specific serum IgG against MrpA and against Salmonella lipopolysaccharide, as well as a significant decrease in kidney and bladder colonization by P. mirabilis after challenge. However, no significant correlation was observed between antibody response and kidney or bladder colonization. MrpA fused to TetC and expressed in S. Typhimurium effectively protected mice against an experimental P. mirabilis UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Scavone
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Ana Umpiérrez
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
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Comparison of a regulated delayed antigen synthesis system with in vivo-inducible promoters for antigen delivery by live attenuated Salmonella vaccines. Infect Immun 2010; 79:937-49. [PMID: 21134969 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00445-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of strong immune responses against a vectored antigen in hosts immunized with live attenuated Salmonella vaccines is related in part to the amount of antigen delivered and the overall fitness of the Salmonella vector in relation to its ability to stimulate the host immune system. Constitutive high-level antigen synthesis causes a metabolic burden to the vaccine vector strain that can reduce the vaccine strain's ability to interact with host lymphoid tissues, resulting in a compromised immune response. A solution to this problem is the use of systems that regulate antigen gene expression, permitting high levels of antigen synthesis only after the vaccine strain has reached its target tissues. In vivo-inducible promoters (IVIPs) are often used to accomplish this. We recently developed an alternative strategy, a regulated delayed antigen synthesis (RDAS) system, in which the LacI-repressible P(trc) promoter controls antigen gene expression by adding arabinose. In this paper, we compared the RDAS system with two commonly used IVIPs, P(ssaG) and P(pagC). Three nearly identical plasmids, differing only in the promoter used to direct transcription of the pneumococcal pspA gene, P(trc), P(ssaG), or P(pagC), were constructed and introduced into isogenic Salmonella vaccine strains with or without arabinose-inducible LacI synthesis. Mice immunized with the RDAS strain developed slightly higher titers of mucosal and serum anti-PspA antibodies than P(pagC)-immunized mice, while titers in mice immunized with the P(ssaG) strain were 100-fold lower. Both the RDAS and P(pagC) strains conferred similar levels of protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge, significantly greater than those for the P(ssaG) strain or controls. Thus, RDAS provides another choice for inclusion in the live vaccine design to increase immunogenicity.
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Carleton HA. Pathogenic bacteria as vaccine vectors: teaching old bugs new tricks. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 83:217-22. [PMID: 21165341 PMCID: PMC3002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
As our scientific knowledge of bacteria grows, so does our ability to manipulate these bacteria to protect rather than infect mammalian hosts from a diverse group of diseases. The old axiom that the best way to protect from a disease is to get infected in the first place is not feasible in the face of the diverse group of pathogens that infect humans. Therefore, reprogramming bacteria to protect against diverse bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases as well as cancer is a new reality in the field of vaccines.
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40
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Salmonella vaccine vectors displaying delayed antigen synthesis in vivo to enhance immunogenicity. Infect Immun 2010; 78:3969-80. [PMID: 20605977 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00444-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a regulated delayed antigen synthesis (RDAS) system for use in recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) strains to enhance immune responses by reducing the adverse effects of high-level antigen synthesis. This system includes a chromosomal repressor gene, lacI, expressed from the arabinose-regulated araC PBAD promoter. LacI serves to regulate expression from a plasmid promoter, Ptrc, that directs antigen synthesis. In the presence of arabinose LacI is produced, which binds to Ptrc, blocking antigen synthesis. In vivo, an arabinose-poor environment, the concentration of LacI decreases with each cell division, allowing increased antigen synthesis. To optimize the system and for comparison, we altered the lacI ribosome-binding site, start codon, and/or codon content to construct RDAS strains chi9095, chi9959, and chi9241, synthesizing from low to high levels of LacI, respectively, and non-RDAS strain chi9555 as a control. We evaluated this system with two test antigens, the green fluorescent protein for initial in vitro assessment and the Streptococcus pneumoniae PspA protein for validation of our system in mice. All RASV strains expressing PspA generated high antilipopolysaccharide antibody titers, indicating that expression of lacI did not interfere with the capacity to induce an immune response. Strain chi9241 induced significantly higher anti-PspA IgG and IgA antibody titers than strain chi9555, which expressed PspA constitutively. Anti-PspA antibody titers were inversely correlated to the level of LacI synthesis. Strain chi9241 also induced significantly greater protective efficacy against challenge with virulent S. pneumoniae. These results suggest that regulated delayed antigen synthesis is useful for improving immunogenicity of RASV strains.
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