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Pereira MVA, Galvani RG, Gonçalves-Silva T, de Vasconcelo ZFM, Bonomo A. Tissue adaptation of CD4 T lymphocytes in homeostasis and cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379376. [PMID: 38690280 PMCID: PMC11058666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is traditionally classified as a defense system that can discriminate between self and non-self or dangerous and non-dangerous situations, unleashing a tolerogenic reaction or immune response. These activities are mainly coordinated by the interaction between innate and adaptive cells that act together to eliminate harmful stimuli and keep tissue healthy. However, healthy tissue is not always the end point of an immune response. Much evidence has been accumulated over the years, showing that the immune system has complex, diversified, and integrated functions that converge to maintaining tissue homeostasis, even in the absence of aggression, interacting with the tissue cells and allowing the functional maintenance of that tissue. One of the main cells known for their function in helping the immune response through the production of cytokines is CD4+ T lymphocytes. The cytokines produced by the different subtypes act not only on immune cells but also on tissue cells. Considering that tissues have specific mediators in their architecture, it is plausible that the presence and frequency of CD4+ T lymphocytes of specific subtypes (Th1, Th2, Th17, and others) maintain tissue homeostasis. In situations where homeostasis is disrupted, such as infections, allergies, inflammatory processes, and cancer, local CD4+ T lymphocytes respond to this disruption and, as in the healthy tissue, towards the equilibrium of tissue dynamics. CD4+ T lymphocytes can be manipulated by tumor cells to promote tumor development and metastasis, making them a prognostic factor in various types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the function of tissue-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes is essential in developing new strategies for treating tissue-specific diseases, as occurs in cancer. In this context, this article reviews the evidence for this hypothesis regarding the phenotypes and functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes and compares their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis in different organs in a steady state and during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. A. Pereira
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo G. Galvani
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Triciana Gonçalves-Silva
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging - CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Zilton Farias Meira de Vasconcelo
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Balić A, Marinović B, Bukvić Mokos Z. The genetic aspects of hidradenitis suppurativa. Clin Dermatol 2023; 41:551-563. [PMID: 37652193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic aspects have a substantial role in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis. A positive family history of HS occurs in about one-third of HS cases and is significantly higher in patients with early onset of the disease. Recent twin studies have shown a high heritability in HS, fortifying the importance of genetic factors in disease pathogenesis. Based on existing knowledge on the genomics of HS, the disease can be categorized as familial HS, sporadic, syndromic HS, and "HS plus" associated with other syndromes. In familial HS, autosomal dominant transmission is proposed, and monogenic inheritance is rare. This monogenic trait is related to mutations of γ-secretase component genes and Notch signaling or defects in inflammasome function. With newly discovered gene mutations, such as those related to innate and adaptive immunity, skin microbiome, inflammasome, epidermal homeostasis, and keratinization pathway, we can define HS as a polygenic, multifactorial, autoinflammatory disease. To fully elucidate the genetic aspects of HS, we need extensive, long-term global collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Balić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, European Reference Network (ERN) - Skin Reference Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Marinović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, European Reference Network (ERN) - Skin Reference Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, European Reference Network (ERN) - Skin Reference Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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3
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Wang Y, Ahmadi MZ, Dikeman DA, Youn C, Archer NK. γδ T cell-intrinsic IL-1R promotes survival during Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171934. [PMID: 37483624 PMCID: PMC10361057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacteremia, further complicated by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). A better understanding of host defense mechanisms is needed for the development of host-directed therapies as an alternative approach to antibiotics. The levels of IL-1, IL-17, and TNF-α cytokines in circulation have been associated with predictive outcomes in patients with S. aureus bacteremia. However, their causative role in survival and the cell types involved in these responses during bacteremia is not entirely clear. Using a mouse model of S. aureus bacteremia, we demonstrated that IL-17A/F and TNF-α had no significant impact on survival, whereas IL-1R signaling was critical for survival during S. aureus bacteremia. Furthermore, we identified that T cells, but not neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, or endothelial cells were the crucial cell type for IL-1R-mediated survival against S. aureus bacteremia. Finally, we determined that the expression of IL-1R on γδ T cell, but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells was responsible for survival against the S. aureus bacteremia. Taken together, we uncovered a role for IL-1R, but not IL-17A/F and TNF-α in protection against S. aureus bacteremia. Importantly, γδ T cell-intrinsic expression of IL-1R was crucial for survival, but not on other immune cells or endothelial cells. These findings reveal potential cellular and immunological targets for host-directed therapies for improved outcomes against S. aureus bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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4
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Jang HJ, Lee JB, Yoon JK. Advanced In Vitro Three-Dimensional Skin Models of Atopic Dermatitis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:539-552. [PMID: 36995643 PMCID: PMC10313606 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory skin diseases that is characterized by eczematous rashes, intense itching, dry skin, and sensitive skin. Although AD significantly impacts the quality of life and the number of patients keeps increasing, its pathological mechanism is still unknown because of its complexity. The importance of developing new in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models has been underlined in order to understand the mechanisms for the development of therapeutics since the limitations of 2D models or animal models have been repeatedly reported. Thus, the new in vitro AD models should not only be created in 3D structure, but also reflect the pathological characteristics of AD, which are known to be associated with Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, epidermal barrier disruption, increased dermal T-cell infiltration, filaggrin down-regulation, or microbial imbalance. In this review, we introduce various types of in vitro skin models including 3D culture methods, skin-on-a-chips, and skin organoids, as well as their applications to AD modeling for drug screening and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Chen S, Li W, Li Y, Akerley BJ, Shao L, Zhang W, Shen H, Abt MC. Antigen-specific memory Th17 cells promote cross-protection against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae after mild influenza A virus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:153-166. [PMID: 36736665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza A virus (IAV) infection is the leading cause of hospitalization and death associated with IAV infection worldwide. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is one of the most common causes of secondary bacterial pneumonia. Current efforts to develop vaccines against NTHi infection focus on inducing antibodies but are hindered by antigenic diversity among NTHi strains. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of the memory T helper type 17 (Th17) response in protective immunity against IAV/NTHi coinfection. We observed that even a mild IAV infection impaired the NTHi-specific Th17 response and increased morbidity and mortality compared with NTHi monoinfected mice. However, pre-existing memory NTHi-specific Th17 cells induced by a previous NTHi infection overcame IAV-driven Th17 inhibition and were cross-protective against different NTHi strains. Last, mice immunized with a NTHi protein that induced a strong Th17 memory response were broadly protected against diverse NTHi strains after challenge with coinfection. These results indicate that vaccination that limits IAV infection to mild disease may be insufficient to eliminate the risk of a lethal secondary bacterial pneumonia. However, NTHi-specific memory Th17 cells provide serotype-independent protection despite an ongoing IAV infection and demonstrate the advantage of developing broadly protective Th17-inducing vaccines against secondary bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - ShengSen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian J Akerley
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Linyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Michael C Abt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
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The Protective Role of Interleukin 17A in Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia Is Associated with Candida albicans in the Airway. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0037822. [PMID: 36602381 PMCID: PMC9872622 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00378-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that the coexistence of fungi and bacteria in the airway may increase the risk of infection, contribute to the development of pneumonia, and increase the severity of disease. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) plays important roles in host resistance to bacterial and fungal infections. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of IL-17A on Acinetobacter baumannii-infected rats with a previous Candida albicans airway inoculation. The incidence of A. baumannii pneumonia was higher in rats with C. albicans in the airway than in noninoculated rats, and it decreased when amphotericin B was used to clear C. albicans, which influenced IL-17A levels. IL-17A had a protective effect in A. baumannii pneumonia associated with C. albicans in the airway. Compared with A. baumannii-infected rats with C. albicans in the airway that did not receive IL-17A, recombinant IL-17A (rIL-17A) supplementation decreased the incidence of A. baumannii pneumonia (10/15 versus 5/17; P = 0.013) and the proportion of neutrophils in the lung (84 ± 3.5 versus 74 ± 4.3%; P = 0.033), reduced tissue destruction and inflammation, and decreased levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) (1.267 ± 0.15 versus 0.233 ± 0.06 U/g; P = 0.0004), reactive oxygen species (ROS) (132,333 ± 7,505 versus 64,667 ± 10,115 AU; P = 0.0007) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (2.736 ± 0.05 versus 2.1816 ± 0.29 U/g; P = 0.0313). In vitro experiments revealed that IL-17A had no significant effect on the direct migration ability and bactericidal capability of neutrophils. However, IL-17A restrained lysis cell death and increased apoptosis of neutrophils (2.9 ± 1.14 versus 7 ± 0.5%; P = 0.0048). Taken together, our results suggest that C. albicans can depress IL-17A levels, which when supplemented may have a regulatory function that limits the accumulation of neutrophils in inflammatory areas, providing inflammatory response homeostasis.
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Two Epitope Regions Revealed in the Complex of IL-17A and Anti-IL-17A V HH Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314904. [PMID: 36499233 PMCID: PMC9738047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine produced by the Th17 cells. It is involved in chronic inflammation in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. The antibodies targeting IL-17 and/or IL-17R are therapy tools for these diseases. Netakimab is an IL-17A-specific antibody containing a Lama glama VHH derivative domain and a VL variable domain. We have determined the crystal structure of the IL-17A-specific VHH domain in complex with IL-17A at 2.85 Å resolution. Certain amino acid residues of the three complementary-determining regions of the VHH domain form a network of solvent-inaccessible hydrogen bonds with two epitope regions of IL-17A. The β-turn of IL-17A, which forms the so-called epitope-1, appears to be the main region of IL-17A interaction with the antibody. Contacts formed by the IL-17A mobile C-terminal region residues (epitope-2) further stabilize the antibody-antigen complex.
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8
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Majumdar S, Lin Y, Bettini ML. Host-microbiota interactions shaping T-cell response and tolerance in type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974178. [PMID: 36059452 PMCID: PMC9434376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex polygenic autoimmune disorder involving T-cell driven beta-cell destruction leading to hyperglycemia. There is no cure for T1D and patients rely on exogenous insulin administration for disease management. T1D is associated with specific disease susceptible alleles. However, the predisposition to disease development is not solely predicted by them. This is best exemplified by the observation that a monozygotic twin has just a 35% chance of developing T1D after their twin’s diagnosis. This makes a strong case for environmental triggers playing an important role in T1D incidence. Multiple studies indicate that commensal gut microbiota and environmental factors that alter their composition might exacerbate or protect against T1D onset. In this review, we discuss recent literature highlighting microbial species associated with T1D. We explore mechanistic studies which propose how some of these microbial species can modulate adaptive immune responses in T1D, with an emphasis on T-cell responses. We cover topics ranging from gut-thymus and gut-pancreas communication, microbial regulation of peripheral tolerance, to molecular mimicry of islet antigens by microbial peptides. In light of the accumulating evidence on commensal influences in neonatal thymocyte development, we also speculate on the link between molecular mimicry and thymic selection in the context of T1D pathogenesis. Finally, we explore how these observations could inform future therapeutic approaches in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhabrata Majumdar
- Immunology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yong Lin
- Immunology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Matthew L. Bettini
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew L. Bettini,
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Vaccination with Mycoplasma pneumoniae membrane lipoproteins induces IL-17A driven neutrophilia that mediates Vaccine-Enhanced Disease. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:86. [PMID: 35906257 PMCID: PMC9336141 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipoproteins are an often-underappreciated class of microbe-associated molecular patterns with potent immunomodulatory activity. We previously reported that vaccination of BALB/c mice with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) resulted in lipoprotein-dependent vaccine enhanced disease after challenge with virulent Mp, though the immune responses underpinning this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Herein, we report that lipoprotein-induced VED in a mouse model is associated with elevated inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and KC in lung lavage fluid and with suppurative pneumonia marked by exuberant neutrophilia in the pulmonary parenchyma. Whole-lung-digest flow cytometry and RNAScope analysis identified multiple cellular sources for IL-17A, and the numbers of IL-17A producing cells were increased in LAMPs-vaccinated/Mp-challenged animals compared to controls. Specific IL-17A or neutrophil depletion reduced disease severity in our VED model—indicating that Mp lipoproteins induce VED in an IL-17A-dependent manner and through exuberant neutrophil recruitment. IL-17A neutralization reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and KC, indicating that IL-17A preceded other inflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, we found that IL-17A neutralization impaired bacterial clearance, while neutrophil depletion improved it—indicating that, while IL-17A appears to confer both maladaptive and protective responses, neutrophils play an entirely maladaptive role in VED. Given that lipoproteins are found in virtually all bacteria, the potential for lipoprotein-mediated maladaptive inflammatory responses should be taken into consideration when developing vaccines against bacterial pathogens.
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Lv Z, Qiu L, Wang W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Wang L, Song L. RGD-Labeled Hemocytes With High Migration Activity Display a Potential Immunomodulatory Role in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914899. [PMID: 35865522 PMCID: PMC9294365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocyte migration to infection sites is important for host cellular defense, but the main types of migrating hemocytes and their mechanisms against pathogen invasions are unclear in invertebrates. In the present study, a population of hemocytes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas labeled with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptide was sorted. RGD+ hemocytes were characterized by a smaller cell size and cytoplasmic-nucleo ratio, fewer cytoplasmic granules, and higher levels of myeloperoxidase, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular free calcium concentration. RGD+ hemocytes exhibited a high level of migration activity, which was further induced after V. splendidus infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed that RGD+ hemocytes highly expressed a series of migration-related genes, which together with migration-promoting genes were significantly upregulated after V. splendidus infection. The neuroendocrine system was also proven to regulate the migration activity of RGD+ hemocytes, especially with the excitatory neuroendocrine factor dopamine, which promoted migration activity as confirmed by receptor blocking assays. Meanwhile, RGD+ hemocytes could highly express immunomodulatory factor interleukin (IL)-17s and their receptor genes, which was positively related to the production of antimicrobial peptides in whole hemocytes after V. splendidus infection. Collectively, this study identified a specific hemocyte population, i.e., RGD+ hemocytes, that shows high migration activity in response to pathogen infection and exerts a potential immunomodulatory role by highly expressing IL-17s that might enhance the hemocytes’ antimicrobial peptide production in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Limei Qiu, ; Linsheng Song,
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Limei Qiu, ; Linsheng Song,
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Staphylococcus aureus-induced immunosuppression mediated by IL-10 and IL-27 facilitates nasal colonisation. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010647. [PMID: 35776778 PMCID: PMC9282462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus persistently colonises the anterior nares of a significant proportion of the healthy population, however the local immune response elicited during S. aureus nasal colonisation remains ill-defined. Local activation of IL-17/IL-22 producing T cells are critical for controlling bacterial clearance from the nasal cavity. However, recurrent and long-term colonisation is commonplace indicating efficient clearance does not invariably occur. Here we identify a central role for the regulatory cytokine IL-10 in facilitating bacterial persistence during S. aureus nasal colonisation in a murine model. IL-10 is produced rapidly within the nasal cavity following S. aureus colonisation, primarily by myeloid cells. Colonised IL-10-/- mice demonstrate enhanced IL-17+ and IL-22+ T cell responses and more rapidly clear bacteria from the nasal tissues as compared with wild-type mice. S. aureus also induces the regulatory cytokine IL-27 within the nasal tissue, which acts upstream of IL-10 promoting its production. IL-27 blockade reduces IL-10 production within the nasal cavity and improves bacterial clearance. TLR2 signalling was confirmed to be central to controlling the IL-10 response. Our findings conclude that during nasal colonisation S. aureus creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment through the local induction of IL-27 and IL-10, to dampen protective T cell responses and facilitate its persistence. Nasal colonisation by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a very common occurrence in the human population. However there is a lack of knowledge on the immune response that controls nasal colonisation. It is known that a local pro-inflammatory immune response is important for bacterial clearance, however sustained colonisation is commonplace suggesting efficient clearance may not be occurring. Here we demonstrate for the first time that S. aureus is manipulating the host immune response by promoting immunosuppression in the nasal cavity which enables bacterial survival. We found that the regulatory proteins IL-10 and IL-27 are central to this suppressive response and result in reduced protective T cell responses. We also demonstrate that S. aureus is inducing IL-27 production to enhance IL-10 production in order to prolong bacterial colonisation. Our findings show that the host-pathogen interaction during nasal colonisation is more complex than previously described and that S. aureus is capable of manipulating the regulatory immune response of the host for its’ own benefit.
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Cross Protectivity Analysis of 49.8 kDa Pili Subunits of S. flexneri against Vibrio cholerae Infection. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:3751521. [PMID: 35757682 PMCID: PMC9217611 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3751521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the AMV and AMS vaccine candidates have similar characteristics as hemagglutinin and adhesive molecules, there are differences in molecular weight. Objective The research aims to determine the immunological cross-reaction between AMS and AMV. Method Antihemagglutination test used the anti-adhesion molecular antibody AMS. Next, we examined the immune response that has to be linked with protectivity. The model of the research uses MLIL. The sample separated the mice into four groups, and each group had five mice. The first group was the negative control group. The second group was given AMV and infected with Shigella flexneri. The third group was immunized with AMV before being exposed to Shigella flexneri. The last group was infected with Vibrio cholerae. The immune response results were evaluated by calculating the weight of MLIL and counting the colony of bacteria. We also examined other AMS immune responses, namely, β-defensin and s-IgA levels. To get the data, we measured the number of Th17 immune effector cells, T-reg, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, independent t-test, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests. Results An antihemagglutination cross immune response, intestinal weight, the number of bacterial colonies, and other findings were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for the levels of β-defensin, s-IgA, Th17, T-reg, and IL-17A. Conclusion The 49.8 kDa·MW protein subunit of the Shigella flexneri adhesion molecule could act as a candidate vaccine homologous for shigellosis and cholera in the future.
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Davidson L, Van den Reek JMPA, Van Hunsel F, De Jong EMGJ, Kullberg BJ. Global Risk of Bacterial Skin Infections and Herpesviridae Infections with Ustekinumab, Secukinumab, and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha Inhibitors: Spontaneous Reports of Adverse Drug Reactions from the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Center. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00648. [PMID: 35088874 PMCID: PMC9558332 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in interleukin-12/23/17 immunity are associated with an increased risk of Staphylococcus aureus and herpesvirus skin infections. This study analysed spontaneous safety reports from the WHO Pharmacovigilance Center of bacterial skin or herpesvirus infections associated with secukinumab, ustekinumab and tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors. Associations found in disproportionality analyses were expressed as reporting odds ratios (ROR). For bacterial skin infections, ustekinumab showed the strongest association (ROR 6.09; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.44-6.81), and, among the tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors, infliximab showed the strongest association (ROR 4.18; 95% CI 3.97-4.40). Risk was comparable between infliximab and secukinumab (ROR 3.51; 95% CI 3.00-4.09). Secukinumab showed the strongest association with herpes simplex infection (ROR 4.80; 95% CI 3.78-6.10). All biologics were equally associated with herpes zoster. Infliximab was the only biologic associated with cytomegalovirus infection (ROR 5.66; 95% CI 5.08-6.31) and had the strongest association with Epstein-Barr virus infection (ROR 6.90; 95% CI 6.03-7.90). All biologics evaluated were positively associated with bacterial skin infections, herpes simplex, and herpes zoster, compared with all other drugs in the WHO database for which individual case safety reports were collected. The possibility of under-reporting, reporting bias and difference in causality assessment between countries and reporters must be taken into account when interpreting the results of disproportionality analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Davidson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, NL-6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Zouboulis VA, Zouboulis KC, Zouboulis CC. Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Comorbid Disorder Biomarkers, Druggable Genes, New Drugs and Drug Repurposing-A Molecular Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010044. [PMID: 35056940 PMCID: PMC8779519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and dysregulated epithelial differentiation, especially of hair follicle keratinocytes, have been suggested as the major pathogenetic pathways of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS). On the other hand, obesity and metabolic syndrome have additionally been considered as an important risk factor. With adalimumab, a drug has already been approved and numerous other compounds are in advanced-stage clinical studies. A systematic review was conducted to detect and corroborate HS pathogenetic mechanisms at the molecular level and identify HS molecular markers. The obtained data were used to confirm studied and off-label administered drugs and to identify additional compounds for drug repurposing. A robust, strongly associated group of HS biomarkers was detected. The triad of HS pathogenesis, namely upregulated inflammation, altered epithelial differentiation and dysregulated metabolism/hormone signaling was confirmed, the molecular association of HS with certain comorbid disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, type I diabetes mellitus and lipids/atherosclerosis/adipogenesis was verified and common biomarkers were identified. The molecular suitability of compounds in clinical studies was confirmed and 31 potential HS repurposing drugs, among them 10 drugs already launched for other disorders, were detected. This systematic review provides evidence for the importance of molecular studies to advance the knowledge regarding pathogenesis, future treatment and biomarker-supported clinical course follow-up in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Zouboulis
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantin C. Zouboulis
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-340-5014000
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15
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Kadry NA, Porsch EA, Shen H, St Geme JW. Immunization with HMW1 and HMW2 adhesins protects against colonization by heterologous strains of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019923118. [PMID: 34344825 PMCID: PMC8364133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019923118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common cause of localized respiratory tract disease and results in significant morbidity. The pathogenesis of NTHi disease begins with nasopharyngeal colonization, and therefore, the prevention of colonization represents a strategy to prevent disease. The NTHi HMW1 and HMW2 proteins are a family of conserved adhesins that are present in 75 to 80% of strains and have been demonstrated to play a critical role in colonization of the upper respiratory tract in rhesus macaques. In this study, we examined the vaccine potential of HMW1 and HMW2 using a mouse model of nasopharyngeal colonization. Immunization with HMW1 and HMW2 by either the subcutaneous or the intranasal route resulted in a strain-specific antibody response associated with agglutination of bacteria and restriction of bacterial adherence. Despite the specificity of the antibody response, immunization resulted in protection against colonization by both the parent NTHi strain and heterologous strains expressing distinct HMW1 and HMW2 proteins. Pretreatment with antibody against IL-17A eliminated protection against heterologous strains, indicating that heterologous protection is IL-17A dependent. This work demonstrates the vaccine potential of the HMW1 and HMW2 proteins and highlights the importance of IL-17A in protection against diverse NTHi strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Kadry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eric A Porsch
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Joseph W St Geme
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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16
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Sabaté-Brescó M, Berset CM, Zeiter S, Stanic B, Thompson K, Ziegler M, Richards RG, O'Mahony L, Moriarty TF. Fracture biomechanics influence local and systemic immune responses in a murine fracture-related infection model. Biol Open 2021; 10:270855. [PMID: 34240122 PMCID: PMC8496694 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical stability plays an important role in fracture healing, with unstable fixation being associated with healing disturbances. A lack of stability is also considered a risk factor for fracture-related infection (FRI), although confirmatory studies and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms are lacking. In the present study, we investigate whether biomechanical (in)stability can lead to altered immune responses in mice under sterile or experimentally inoculated conditions. In non-inoculated C57BL/6 mice, instability resulted in an early increase of inflammatory markers such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and interleukin (IL)-6 within the bone. When inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis, instability resulted in a further significant increase in G-CSF, IL-6 and KC in bone tissue. Staphylococcus aureus infection led to rapid osteolysis and instability in all animals and was not further studied. Gene expression measurements also showed significant upregulation in CCL2 and G-CSF in these mice. IL-17A was found to be upregulated in all S. epidermidis infected mice, with higher systemic IL-17A cell responses in mice that cleared the infection, which was found to be produced by CD4+ and γδ+ T cells in the bone marrow. IL-17A knock-out (KO) mice displayed a trend of delayed clearance of infection (P=0.22, Fisher’s exact test) and an increase in interferon (IFN)-γ production. Biomechanical instability leads to a more pronounced local inflammatory response, which is exaggerated by bacterial infection. This study provides insights into long-held beliefs that biomechanics are crucial not only for fracture healing, but also for control of infection. Summary: Physical movement between bone fragments after a fracture influence healing, and are shown here, for the first time, to influence immune responses and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sabaté-Brescó
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Corina M Berset
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Zeiter
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Stanic
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Keith Thompson
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ziegler
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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17
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Hendriks A, Mnich ME, Clemente B, Cruz AR, Tavarini S, Bagnoli F, Soldaini E. Staphylococcus aureus-Specific Tissue-Resident Memory CD4 + T Cells Are Abundant in Healthy Human Skin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642711. [PMID: 33796109 PMCID: PMC8008074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an immunocompetent tissue that harbors several kinds of immune cells and a plethora of commensal microbes constituting the skin microbiome. Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent skin pathogen that colonizes a large proportion of the human population. We currently have an incomplete understanding of the correlates of protection against S. aureus infection, however genetic and experimental evidence has shown that CD4+ T cells play a key role in orchestrating a protective anti-S. aureus immune response. A high S. aureus-specific memory CD4+ T cell response has been reported in the blood of healthy subjects. Since T cells are more abundant in the skin than in blood, we hypothesized that S. aureus-specific CD4+ T cells could be present in the skin of healthy individuals. Indeed, we observed proliferation of tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells and production of IL-17A, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-β by cells isolated from abdominal skin explants in response to heat-killed S. aureus. Remarkably, these cytokines were produced also during an ex vivo epicutaneous S. aureus infection of human skin explants. These findings highlight the importance of tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells present at barrier sites such as the skin, a primary entry site for S. aureus. Further phenotypical and functional characterization of these cells will ultimately aid in the development of novel vaccine strategies against this elusive pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hendriks
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Ewa Mnich
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Rita Cruz
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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18
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Kim SN, Lee CJ, Nam J, Choi B, Chung E, Song SU. The Effects of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media Produced with Fetal Bovine Serum or Human Platelet Lysate on Skin Rejuvenation Characteristics. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:94-102. [PMID: 33377452 PMCID: PMC7904527 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Human mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) is produced using mesenchymal stem cell culture technology and has various benefits for the skin, including wrinkle removal, skin regeneration, and increased antioxidant activity. Its popularity is thus increasing in the field of functional cosmetics. Methods and Results In this study, we analyzed the effects of fetal bovine serum-supplemented MSC-CM (FBS- MSC-CM) and human platelet lysate-supplemented MSC-CM (hPL-MSC-CM) on skin rejuvenation characteristics. We found that the concentrations of important growth factors (VEGF, TGF-β1, and HGF) and secretory proteins for skin regeneration were significantly higher in hPL-MSC-CM than in FBS-MSC-CM. Furthermore, the capacity for inducing proliferation of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and keratinocytes, the migration ability of HDF, extracellular matrix (ECM) production such as collagen and elastin was higher in hPL-MSC-CM than that in FBS- MSC-CM. Conclusions These results support the usefulness and high economic value of hPL-MSC-CM as an alternative source of FBS-MSC-CM in the cosmetic industry for skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Na Kim
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Chan-Ju Lee
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - JeeHoon Nam
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Byeol Choi
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Eunkyung Chung
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Uk Song
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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19
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IL-17 mediates protective immunity against nasal infection with Bordetella pertussis by mobilizing neutrophils, especially Siglec-F + neutrophils. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1183-1202. [PMID: 33976385 PMCID: PMC8379078 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of protective immunity in the nasal mucosae is central to the design of more effective vaccines that prevent nasal infection and transmission of Bordetella pertussis. We found significant infiltration of IL-17-secreting CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and Siglec-F+ neutrophils into the nasal tissue during primary infection with B. pertussis. Il17A-/- mice had significantly higher bacterial load in the nasal mucosae, associated with significantly reduced infiltration of Siglec-F+ neutrophils. Re-infected convalescent mice rapidly cleared B. pertussis from the nasal cavity and this was associated with local expansion of IL-17-producing CD4+ TRM cells. Depletion of CD4 T cells from the nasal tissue during primary infection or after re-challenge of convalescent mice significantly delayed clearance of bacteria from the nasal mucosae. Protection was lost in Il17A-/- mice and this was associated with significantly less infiltration of Siglec-F+ neutrophils and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. Finally, depletion of neutrophils reduced the clearance of B. pertussis following re-challenge of convalescent mice. Our findings demonstrate that IL-17 plays a critical role in natural and acquired immunity to B. pertussis in the nasal mucosae and this effect is mediated by mobilizing neutrophils, especially Siglec-F+ neutrophils, which have high neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) activity.
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20
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Zouboulis CC, Benhadou F, Byrd AS, Chandran NS, Giamarellos‐Bourboulis EJ, Fabbrocini G, Frew JW, Fujita H, González‐López MA, Guillem P, Gulliver WPF, Hamzavi I, Hayran Y, Hórvath B, Hüe S, Hunger RE, Ingram JR, Jemec GB, Ju Q, Kimball AB, Kirby JS, Konstantinou MP, Lowes MA, MacLeod AS, Martorell A, Marzano AV, Matusiak Ł, Nassif A, Nikiphorou E, Nikolakis G, Nogueira da Costa A, Okun MM, Orenstein LA, Pascual JC, Paus R, Perin B, Prens EP, Röhn TA, Szegedi A, Szepietowski JC, Tzellos T, Wang B, van der Zee HH. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa ?—15 years after. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1154-1170. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
| | - Farida Benhadou
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Hôpital Erasme Universite Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Angel S. Byrd
- Department of Dermatology Howard University College of Medicine Washington DC USA
| | - Nisha S. Chandran
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine National University Hospital Singapore
| | - Evangelos J. Giamarellos‐Bourboulis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School Athens Greece
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Section of Dermatology Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | | | - Hideki Fujita
- Division of Cutaneous Science Department of Dermatology Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Marcos A. González‐López
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Division of Dermatology Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla University of Cantabria IDIVAL Santander Spain
| | - Philippe Guillem
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Surgery Clinique du Val d’Ouest (Lyon), ResoVerneuil (Paris) and Groupe de Recherche en Proctologie de la Société Nationale Française de ColoProctologie Paris France
| | - Wayne P. F. Gulliver
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland, and NewLab Clinical Research Inc St. John's Canada
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
| | - Yildiz Hayran
- Department of Dermatology Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Barbara Hórvath
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Centre Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert E. Hunger
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital Bern Switzerland
| | - John R. Ingram
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology & Academic Wound Healing Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Gregor B.E. Jemec
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - Qiang Ju
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology RenJi Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Alexa B. Kimball
- Department of Dermatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Joslyn S. Kirby
- Department of Dermatology Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey PA USA
| | - Maria P. Konstantinou
- Dermatology Department Paul Sabatier University University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | | | - Amanda S. MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology Department of Immunology Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Antonio Martorell
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Manises Valencia Spain
| | - Angelo V. Marzano
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Dermatology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wrocław Medical University Wrocław Poland
| | - Aude Nassif
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases King’s College London, and Department of Rheumatology King’s College Hospital London UK
| | - Georgios Nikolakis
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
| | - André Nogueira da Costa
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine Early Respiratory and Immunology Biopharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | | | - José Carlos Pascual
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Alicante University General Hospital Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL‐FISABIO Foundation) Alicante Spain
| | - Ralf Paus
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Benjamin Perin
- Division of Dermatology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Errol P. Prens
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Till A. Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Novartis Pharma AG Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Division of Dermatological Allergology Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Jacek C. Szepietowski
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wrocław Medical University Wrocław Poland
| | - Thrasyvoulos Tzellos
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Nordland Hospital Trust Bodø Norway
| | - Baoxi Wang
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hessel H. van der Zee
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. Dessau Germany
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
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21
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Tokorodani M, Ichikawa H, Yuasa K, Takahashi T, Hijikata T. SV40 microRNA miR-S1-3p Downregulates the Expression of T Antigens to Control Viral DNA Replication, and TNFα and IL-17F Expression. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1715-1728. [PMID: 33132317 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SV40-encoded microRNA (miRNA), miR-S1, downregulates the large and small T antigens (LTag and STag), which promote viral replication and cellular transformation, thereby presumably impairing LTag and STag functions essential for the viral life cycle. To explore the functional significance of miR-S1-mediated downregulation of LTag and STag as well as the functional roles of miR-S1, we evaluated viral DNA replication and proinflammatory cytokine induction in cells transfected with simian virus 40 (SV40) genome plasmid and its mutated form lacking miR-S1 expression. The SV40 genome encodes two mature miR-S1s, miR-S1-3p and miR-S1-5p, of which miR-S1-3p is the predominantly expressed form. MiR-S1-3p exerted strong repressive effects on a reporter containing full-length sequence complementarity, but only marginal effect on one harboring a sequence complementary to its seed sequence. Consistently, miR-S1-3p downregulated LTag and STag transcripts with complete sequence complementarity through miR-S1-3p-Ago2-mediated mRNA decay. Transfection of SV40 plasmid induced higher DNA replication and lower LTag and STag transcripts in most of the examined cells compared to that miR-S1-deficient SV40 plasmid. However, miR-S1 itself did not affect DNA replication without the downregulation of LTag transcripts. Both LTag and STag induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-17F, which was slightly reduced by miR-S1 due to miR-S1-mediated downregulation of LTag and STag. Forced miR-S1 expression did not affect TNFα expression, but increased IL-17F expression. Overall, our findings suggest that miR-S1-3p is a latent modifier of LTag and STag functions, ensuring efficient viral replication and attenuating cytokine expression detrimental to the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Tokorodani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
| | - Hirona Ichikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
| | - Katsutoshi Yuasa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
| | - Tetsuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
| | - Takao Hijikata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
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22
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Jorde I, Hildebrand CB, Kershaw O, Lücke E, Stegemann-Koniszewski S, Schreiber J. Modulation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Inflammation by Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B in an Ovalbumin Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592186. [PMID: 33193436 PMCID: PMC7649385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The superantigen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) enterotoxin B (SEB) has been proposed a central player in the associations between S. aureus nasal colonization and the development of allergic asthma. Previously, SEB has been shown to aggravate allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in experimental mouse models. Aiming at understanding the underlying immunological mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that intranasal (i.n.) SEB-treatment divergently modulates AAI depending on the timing and intensity of the SEB-encounter. In an ovalbumin-mediated mouse model of AAI, we treated mice i.n. with 50 ng or 500 ng SEB either together with the allergic challenge or prior to the peripheral sensitization. We observed SEB to affect different hallmark parameters of AAI depending on the timing and the dose of treatment. SEB administered i.n. together with the allergic challenge significantly modulated respiratory leukocyte accumulation, intensified lymphocyte activation and, at the higher dose, induced a strong type-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine response and alleviated airway hyperreactivity in AAI. SEB administered i.n. prior to the allergic sensitization at the lower dose significantly boosted the specific IgE response while administration of the higher dose led to a significantly reduced recruitment of immune cells, including eosinophils, to the respiratory tract and to a significantly dampened Th-2 cytokine response without inducing a Th-1 or pro-inflammatory response. We show a remarkably versatile potential for SEB to either aggravate or alleviate different parameters of allergic sensitization and AAI. Our study thereby not only highlights the complexity of the associations between S. aureus and allergic asthma but possibly even points at prophylactic and therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Jorde
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christina B Hildebrand
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Lücke
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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23
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Azmy Nabeh O, Ishak Attallah M, El-Sayed El-Gawhary N. The pivotal relation between glucagon-like peptides, NFκB and inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1641-1648. [PMID: 32511781 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptides (GLPs), GLP-1 and GLP-2, are released from intestinal enteroendocrine cells (L cells) in response to ingested nutrients. GLP-1 plays a crucial role in lowering blood glucose and controlling body weight, through stimulating the islet ß cells of pancreas to secrete insulin, inhibiting gastric emptying, and reducing food ingestion. Therefore, GLP-1 receptor agonists are now used in the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GLP-2, on the other hand, is used as a novel therapy for short bowel syndrome (SBS) through its ability to restore intestinal homeostasis and induce epithelial proliferation. GLPs and the inhibitors of their degradation enzymes, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, have many anti-inflammatory actions. Many animal-based clinical trials have proved that GLP-based therapy has a pivotal role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), possibly through regulating the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-ligand B (NFκB). NFκB controls the production and secretion of many cytokines and chemokines encountered in the pathophysiology of IBD such as interleukin (IL-1β-IL-12, IL-13, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and hence, may provide a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Azmy Nabeh
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy Ishak Attallah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Li B, Huang L, Lv P, Li X, Liu G, Chen Y, Wang Z, Qian X, Shen Y, Li Y, Fang W. The role of Th17 cells in psoriasis. Immunol Res 2020; 68:296-309. [PMID: 32827097 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, like psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of Th17 cells in psoriasis has not been clarified completely. Th17-derived proinflammatory cytokines including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26 have a critical role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this review, we introduced the signaling and transcriptional regulation of Th17 cells. And then, we demonstrate the immunopathology role of Th17 cells and functions of the related cytokines in the psoriasis to get a better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms mediated by Th17 cells in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., No.1099, Fuying Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lv
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., No.1099, Fuying Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Clayton K, Vallejo A, Sirvent S, Davies J, Porter G, Reading I, Lim F, Ardern‐Jones M, Polak M. Machine learning applied to atopic dermatitis transcriptome reveals distinct therapy‐dependent modification of the keratinocyte immunophenotype*. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:913-922. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Clayton
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) University of Southampton Southampton Hants UK
| | - A. Vallejo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) University of Southampton Southampton Hants UK
| | - S. Sirvent
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) University of Southampton Southampton Hants UK
| | - J. Davies
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) University of Southampton Southampton Hants UK
| | - G. Porter
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) University of Southampton Southampton Hants UK
| | - I.C. Reading
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences (Faculty of Medicine) University of Southampton Southampton Hants UK
- NIHR Research Design Service South CentralSouthampton Hants UK
| | - F. Lim
- Unilever Research Colworth Science ParkSharnbrook, Bedfordshire UK
| | - M.R. Ardern‐Jones
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) University of Southampton Southampton Hants UK
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton Hants UK
| | - M.E. Polak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) University of Southampton Southampton Hants UK
- Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton Hants UK
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26
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Hynes GM, Hinks TSC. The role of interleukin-17 in asthma: a protective response? ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00364-2019. [PMID: 32494573 PMCID: PMC7248344 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00364-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While there now exist effective treatments for type 2 high, eosinophilic asthma, there are no specific therapies for 40–50% of people with asthma with other phenotypes, which result from poorly understood underlying pathological mechanisms. One such pathology is neutrophilic inflammation, which has been associated with interleukin (IL)-17 family cytokines. Human genetic studies identified IL-17 polymorphisms associated with asthma; in murine models of allergic airways disease, IL-17A contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness, and in humans, elevated airway IL-17A levels are repeatedly observed in severe asthma. However, the directionality of this association is unknown, and the assumption that IL-17 cytokines drive disease pathology remains speculative. Here, we explore the evidence underlying the relationship between IL-17 and asthma, we review lessons learned from investigating IL-17 in other inflammatory diseases, and discuss the possibility that IL-17 may even be protective in asthma rather than pathogenic. We also critically examine the newly proposed paradigm of a reciprocal relationship between type 2 and type 17 airways inflammation. In summary, we suggest an association between IL-17 and asthma, but research is needed examining the diverse functions of these cytokines, their longitudinal stability, their response to clinical interventions, and for mechanistic studies determining whether they are protective or pathogenic. IL-17 cytokines have been implicated in neutrophilic asthma by genetic, murine and human data. Here, previous studies are critiqued and the assumption their dominant role is pathogenic rather than protective of airway epithelial barrier integrity is challenged.http://bit.ly/3axB4Zs
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth M Hynes
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy S C Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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27
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Zouboulis CC, Nogueira da Costa A, Makrantonaki E, Hou XX, Almansouri D, Dudley JT, Edwards H, Readhead B, Balthasar O, Jemec GBE, Bonitsis NG, Nikolakis G, Trebing D, Zouboulis KC, Hossini AM. Alterations in innate immunity and epithelial cell differentiation are the molecular pillars of hidradenitis suppurativa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:846-861. [PMID: 31838778 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large unmet need of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS) therapy requires the elucidation of disease-driving mechanisms and tissue targeting. OBJECTIVE Robust characterization of the underlying HS mechanisms and detection of the involved skin compartments. METHODS Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa molecular taxonomy and key signalling pathways were studied by whole transcriptome profiling. Dysregulated genes were detected by comparing lesional and non-lesional skin obtained from female HS patients and matched healthy controls using the Agilent array platform. The differential gene expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and targeted protein characterization via immunohistochemistry in another set of female patients. HS-involved skin compartments were also recognized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Alterations to key regulatory pathways involving glucocorticoid receptor, atherosclerosis, HIF1α and IL17A signalling as well as inhibition of matrix metalloproteases were detected. From a functional standpoint, cellular assembly, maintenance and movement, haematological system development and function, immune cell trafficking and antimicrobial response were key processes probably being affected in HS. Sixteen genes were found to characterize HS from a molecular standpoint (DEFB4, MMP1, GJB2, PI3, KRT16, MMP9, SERPINB4, SERPINB3, SPRR3, S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, S100A7A (15), KRT6A, TCN1, TMPRSS11D). Among the proteins strongly expressed in HS, calgranulin-A, calgranulin-B and serpin-B4 were detected in the hair root sheath, koebnerisin and connexin-32 in stratum granulosum, transcobalamin-1 in stratum spinosum/hair root sheath, small prolin-rich protein-3 in apocrine sweat gland ducts/sebaceous glands-ducts and matrix metallopeptidase-9 in resident monocytes. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a panel of immune-related drivers in HS, which influence innate immunity and cell differentiation in follicular and epidermal keratinocytes as well as skin glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany.,European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany
| | | | - E Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - X X Hou
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - D Almansouri
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - J T Dudley
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Edwards
- Translational Medicine, UCB SA, Slough, UK
| | - B Readhead
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Balthasar
- Institute of Pathology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - G B E Jemec
- European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - N G Bonitsis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - G Nikolakis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany.,European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V., Dessau, Germany
| | - D Trebing
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - K C Zouboulis
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A M Hossini
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
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28
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Bridgewood C, Sharif K, Sherlock J, Watad A, McGonagle D. Interleukin-23 pathway at the enthesis: The emerging story of enthesitis in spondyloarthropathy. Immunol Rev 2020; 294:27-47. [PMID: 31957051 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory disorders collectively termed the seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA) include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis, the arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the arthritis related to anterior uveitis, and finally, somewhat controversially Behcet's disease. All of these diseases are associated with SNPs in the IL-23R or the interleukin-23 (IL-23) cytokine itself and related downstream signaling JAK pathway genes and the interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway. In rheumatoid arthritis, the target of the immune response is the synovium but the SpA disorders target the tendon, ligament, and joint capsule skeletal anchorage points that are termed entheses. The discovery that IL-23R-expressing cells were ensconced in healthy murine enthesis, and other extraskeletal anchorage points including the aortic root and the ciliary body of the eye and that systemic overexpression of IL-23 resulted in a severe experimental SpA, confirmed a fundamentally different immunobiology to rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, IL-23R-expressing myeloid cells and various innate and adaptive T cells that produce IL-17 family cytokines have also been described in the human enthesis. Blockade of IL-23 pathway with either anti-p40 or anti-p19 subunits has resulted in some spectacular therapeutic successes in psoriasis and PsA including improvement in enthesitis in the peripheral skeleton but has failed to demonstrate efficacy in AS that is largely a spinal polyenthesitis. Herein, we discuss the known biology of IL-23 at the human enthesis and highlight the remarkable emerging story of this unique skeletal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kassem Sharif
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Medicine "B", Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Sherlock
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Medicine "B", Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton, Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, Leeds, UK
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29
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Prasad SV, Fiedoruk K, Daniluk T, Piktel E, Bucki R. Expression and Function of Host Defense Peptides at Inflammation Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010104. [PMID: 31877866 PMCID: PMC6982121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the complex role of host defense peptides (HDPs) in the pathophysiology of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The physicochemical properties and selective interaction of HDPs with various receptors define their immunomodulatory effects. However, it is quite challenging to understand their function because some HDPs play opposing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles, depending on their expression level within the site of inflammation. While it is known that HDPs maintain constitutive host protection against invading microorganisms, the inducible nature of HDPs in various cells and tissues is an important aspect of the molecular events of inflammation. This review outlines the biological functions and emerging roles of HDPs in different inflammatory conditions. We further discuss the current data on the clinical relevance of impaired HDPs expression in inflammation and selected diseases.
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30
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Harro JM, Achermann Y, Freiberg JA, Allison DL, Brao KJ, Marinos DP, Sanjari S, Leid JG, Shirtliff ME. Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus from In Vivo Models of Chronic Infection by Immunization Requires Both Planktonic and Biofilm Antigens. Infect Immun 2019; 88:e00586-19. [PMID: 31712267 PMCID: PMC6921670 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00586-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a causative agent of chronic biofilm-associated infections that are recalcitrant to resolution by the immune system or antibiotics. To combat these infections, an antistaphylococcal, biofilm-specific quadrivalent vaccine against an osteomyelitis model in rabbits has previously been developed and shown to be effective at eliminating biofilm-embedded bacterial populations. However, the addition of antibiotics was required to eradicate remaining planktonic populations. In this study, a planktonic upregulated antigen was combined with the quadrivalent vaccine to remove the need for antibiotic therapy. Immunization with this pentavalent vaccine followed by intraperitoneal challenge of BALB/c mice with S. aureus resulted in 16.7% and 91.7% mortality in pentavalent vaccine and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Complete bacterial elimination was found in 66.7% of the pentavalent cohort, while only 8.3% of the control animals cleared the infection (P < 0.05). Further protective efficacy was observed in immunized rabbits following intramedullary challenge with S. aureus, where 62.5% of the pentavalent cohort completely cleared the infection, versus none of the control animals (P < 0.05). Passive immunization of BALB/c mice with serum IgG against the vaccine antigens prior to intraperitoneal challenge with S. aureus prevented mortality in 100% of mice and eliminated bacteria in 33.3% of the challenged mice. These results demonstrate that targeting both the planktonic and biofilm stages with the pentavalent vaccine or the IgG elicited by immunization can effectively protect against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette M Harro
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yvonne Achermann
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Freiberg
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Devon L Allison
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen J Brao
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dimitrius P Marinos
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Salar Sanjari
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeff G Leid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark E Shirtliff
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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31
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de Souza Feitosa Lima IM, Zagmignan A, Santos DM, Maia HS, Dos Santos Silva L, da Silva Cutrim B, Vieira SL, Bezerra Filho CM, de Sousa EM, Napoleão TH, Krogfelt KA, Løbner-Olesen A, Paiva PMG, Nascimento da Silva LC. Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) has anti-infective action and modulates the response of Staphylococcus aureus-infected macrophages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18159. [PMID: 31796807 PMCID: PMC6890730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as an important pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases. Here we examined the antimicrobial effects of the lectin isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (SteLL) against S. aureus using in vitro assays and an infection model based on Galleria mellonella larvae. The actions of SteLL on mice macrophages and S. aureus-infected macrophages were also evaluated. SteLL at 16 µg/mL (8 × MIC) increased cell mass and DNA content of S. aureus in relation to untreated bacteria, suggesting that SteLL impairs cell division. Unlike ciprofloxacin, SteLL did not induce the expression of recA, crucial for DNA repair through SOS response. The antimicrobial action of SteLL was partially inhibited by 50 mM N-acetylglucosamine. SteLL reduced staphyloxathin production and increased ciprofloxacin activity towards S. aureus. This lectin also improved the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus. Furthermore, SteLL induced the release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α), nitric oxide and superoxide anion by macrophagens. The lectin improved the bactericidal action of macrophages towards S. aureus; while the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ was downregulated in infected macrophages. These evidences suggest SteLL as important lead molecule in the development of anti-infective agents against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programas de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Viral and Microbial Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Løbner-Olesen
- Department of Biology, Section for Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kaipilyawar V, Salgame P. Infection resisters: targets of new research for uncovering natural protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31602294 PMCID: PMC6774050 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19805.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
“Infection resisters” are broadly defined as individuals who despite significant exposure to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain persistently unreactive to conventional detection assays, suggesting that they remain uninfected or rapidly clear their infection early on following exposure. In this review, we highlight recent studies that point to underlying host immune mechanisms that could mediate this natural resistance. We also illustrate some additional avenues that are likely to be differently modulated in resisters and possess the potential to be targeted, ranging from early mycobacterial sensing leading up to subsequent killing. Emerging research in this area can be harnessed to provide valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine strategies against
M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, 225 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, 225 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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Mvaya L, Mwale A, Hummel A, Phiri J, Kamng'ona R, Mzinza D, Chimbayo E, Malamba R, Kankwatira A, Mwandumba HC, Jambo KC. Airway CD8 +CD161 ++TCRvα7.2 + T Cell Depletion During Untreated HIV Infection Targets CD103 Expressing Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2003. [PMID: 31497028 PMCID: PMC6713019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected adults are at an increased risk to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells are an innate-like T cell subset that are thought to play an important role in early defense against pathogens in the respiratory tract. HIV infection leads to irreversible depletion of these cells in peripheral blood, however, its impact on this subset in the human airway is still unclear. Here, we show presence of CD103 expressing CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells in the airway that exhibited a distinct cytokine functional profile compared to their CD103- airway counterparts and those from peripheral blood. These CD103 expressing airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells were selectively depleted in untreated HIV-infected adults compared to healthy controls. Their frequency was positively correlated with frequency of airway CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the frequency of airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells was also inversely correlated with HIV plasma viral load, while suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulted in restoration of airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells. Our findings show that CD103 expressing airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells are functionally distinct and are preferentially depleted during untreated asymptomatic HIV infection. Depletion of CD103 expressing airway CD8+CD161++TCRvα7.2+ T cells, at a major portal of pathogen entry, could partly contribute to the increased propensity for opportunistic LRTIs observed in untreated HIV-infected adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Mvaya
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Andrew Mwale
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Annemarie Hummel
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Joseph Phiri
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Raphael Kamng'ona
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David Mzinza
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Chimbayo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Rose Malamba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Anstead Kankwatira
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Cui X, Gao N, Me R, Xu J, Yu FSX. TSLP Protects Corneas From Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection by Regulating Dendritic Cells and IL-23-IL-17 Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4228-4237. [PMID: 30128494 PMCID: PMC6103385 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We sought to determine the role of epithelium-produced thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and its underlying mechanisms in corneal innate immune defense against Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa keratitis. Methods The expression of TSLP and TSLPR in cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and mouse corneas was determined by PCR, Western, and/or ELISA. Cellular localization of TSLP receptor (TSLPR) was determined by whole mount confocal microscopy. TSLP-TSLPR signaling was downregulated by neutralizing antibodies and/or small interfering (si)RNA; their effects on the severity of P. aeruginosa–keratitis and cytokine expression were assessed using clinical scoring, bacterial counting, PMN infiltration, and real-time PCR. The role of dendritic cells (DCs) in corneal innate immunity was determined by local DC depletion using CD11c-DTR mice. Results P. aeruginosa–infection induced the expression of TSLP and TSLPR in both cultured primary HCECs and in C57BL/6 mouse corneas. While TSLP was mostly expressed by epithelial cells, CD11c-positive cells were positive for TSLPR. Targeting TSLP or TSLPR with neutralizing antibodies or TSLPR with siRNA resulted in more severe keratitis, attributable to an increase in bacterial burden and PMN infiltration. TSLPR neutralization significantly suppressed infection-induced TSLP and interleukin (IL)-17C expression and augmented the expression of IL-23 and IL-17A. Local depletion of DCs markedly increased the severity of keratitis and exhibited no effects on TSLP and IL-23 expression while suppressing IL-17A and C expression in P. aeruginosa–infected corneas. Conclusions The epithelium-expressed TSLP plays a protective role in P. aeruginosa keratitis through targeting of DCs and in an IL-23/IL-17 signaling pathway-related manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhan Cui
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Rao Me
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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Gao X, Yan X, Zhang Q, Yin Y, Cao J. CD5L contributes to the pathogenesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:40-47. [PMID: 30959370 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative microorganism in community- and healthcare-acquired pneumonia. CD5L is an important protein in the control of immune homeostasis. In this study, we found that patients with S. aureus pneumonia displayed increased levels of circulating CD5L. Likewise, mice with S. aureus pneumonia had elevated CD5L levels in the lungs. Anti-CD5L antibody protected mice from lethal pneumonia induced by methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The survival benefit obtained with antibody against CD5L was associated with an improvement of bacterial clearance and a reduction of pulmonary inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Conversely, co-injection of recombinant CD5L and S. aureus markedly increased the lethality of S. aureus pneumonia. These findings suggest that CD5L contributed to the immunopathology of S. aureus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingxing Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Clinical Laboratories Center, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Er JZ, Koean RAG, Ding JL. Loss of T-bet confers survival advantage to influenza-bacterial superinfection. EMBO J 2019; 38:e99176. [PMID: 30322895 PMCID: PMC6315292 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, T-bet, regulates type 1 inflammatory responses against a range of infections. Here, we demonstrate a previously unaddressed role of T-bet, to influenza virus and bacterial superinfection. Interestingly, we found that T-bet deficiency did not adversely affect the efficacy of viral clearance or recovery compared to wild-type hosts. Instead, increased infiltration of neutrophils and production of Th17 cytokines (IL-17 and IL-22), in lungs of influenza virus-infected T-bet-/- mice, were correlated with survival advantage against subsequent infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae Neutralization of IL-17, but not IL-22, in T-bet-/- mice increased pulmonary bacterial load, concomitant with decreased neutrophil infiltration and reduced survival of T-bet-/- mice. IL-17 production by CD8+, CD4+ and γδ T cell types was identified to contribute to this protection against bacterial superinfection. We further showed that neutrophil depletion in T-bet-/- lungs increased pulmonary bacterial burden. These results thus indicate that despite the loss of T-bet, immune defences required for influenza viral clearance are fully functional, which in turn enhances protective type 17 immune responses against lethal bacterial superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhi Er
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ricky Abdi Gunawan Koean
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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37
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Protection against Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection by B- and T-Cell-Mediated Mechanisms. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01949-18. [PMID: 30327437 PMCID: PMC6191547 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01949-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
S. aureus is a leading cause of healthcare- and community-associated bacterial infections. S. aureus causes various illnesses, including bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, sepsis, and skin and soft tissue infections. S. aureus colonizes between 20 and 80% of humans; carriers are at increased risk for infection and transmission to others. The spread of multidrug-resistant strains limits antibiotic treatment options. Vaccine development against S. aureus has been unsuccessful to date, likely due to an inadequate understanding about the mechanisms of immune defense against this pathogen. The significance of our work is in illustrating the necessity of generating multipronged B-cell, Th1-, and Th17-mediated responses to S. aureus antigens in conferring enhanced and broad protection against S. aureus invasive infection, skin and soft tissue infection, and mucosal colonization. Our work thus, provides important insights for future vaccine development against this pathogen. Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. S. aureus colonizes 20 to 80% of humans at any one time and causes a variety of illnesses. Strains that are resistant to common antibiotics further complicate management. S. aureus vaccine development has been unsuccessful so far, largely due to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of protection against this pathogen. Here, we studied the role of different aspects of adaptive immunity induced by an S. aureus vaccine in protection against S. aureus bacteremia, dermonecrosis, skin abscess, and gastrointestinal (GI) colonization. We show that, depending on the challenge model, the contributions of vaccine-induced S. aureus-specific antibody and Th1 and Th17 responses to protection are different: antibodies play a major role in reducing mortality during S. aureus bacteremia, whereas Th1 or Th17 responses are essential for prevention of S. aureus skin abscesses and the clearance of bacteria from the GI tract. Both antibody- and T-cell-mediated mechanisms contribute to prevention of S. aureus dermonecrosis. Engagement of all three immune pathways results in the most robust protection under each pathological condition. Therefore, our results suggest that eliciting multipronged humoral and cellular responses to S. aureus antigens may be critical to achieve effective and comprehensive immune defense against this pathogen.
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38
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Sakr A, Brégeon F, Mège JL, Rolain JM, Blin O. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization: An Update on Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Subsequent Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2419. [PMID: 30349525 PMCID: PMC6186810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 30% of the human population are asymptomatically and permanently colonized with nasal Staphylococcus aureus. To successfully colonize human nares, S. aureus needs to establish solid interactions with human nasal epithelial cells and overcome host defense mechanisms. However, some factors like bacterial interactions in the human nose can influence S. aureus colonization and sometimes prevent colonization. On the other hand, certain host characteristics and environmental factors can predispose to colonization. Nasal colonization can cause opportunistic and sometimes life-threatening infections such as surgical site infections or other infections in non-surgical patients that increase morbidity, mortality as well as healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Sakr
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, AP-HM, Pharmacologie Intégrée et Interface Clinique et Industriel, Institut des Neurosciences Timone - UMR AMU-INSERM 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Brégeon
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, AP-HM, Pharmacologie Intégrée et Interface Clinique et Industriel, Institut des Neurosciences Timone - UMR AMU-INSERM 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Liu Q, Mazhar M, Miller LS. Immune and Inflammatory Reponses to Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 7:338-349. [PMID: 30989002 DOI: 10.1007/s13671-018-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review There have been recent advances in our understanding of cutaneous immune responses to the important human skin pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This review will highlight these insights into innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in host defense and cutaneous inflammation in response to S. aureus skin infections. Recent Findings Antimicrobial peptides, pattern recognition receptors and inflammasome activation function in innate immunity as well as T cells and their effector cytokines play a key role in adaptive immunity against S. aureus skin infections. In addition, certain mechanisms by which S. aureus contributes to aberrant cutaneous inflammation, such as in flares of the inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis have also been identified. Summary These cutaneous immune mechanisms could provide new targets for future vaccines and immune-based therapies to combat skin infections and cutaneous inflammation caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Momina Mazhar
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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40
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Evaluation of the Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina) as a Model of Human Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00043-18. [PMID: 29555678 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00043-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a common condition affecting both healthy and immunocompromised populations and provides a reservoir for dissemination of potentially infectious strains by casual contact. The factors regulating the onset and duration of nasal S. aureus colonization are mostly unknown, and a human-relevant animal model is needed. Here, we screened 17 pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) for S. aureus carriage, and 14 of 17 animals tested positive in the nose at one or both screening sessions (8 weeks apart), while the other 3 animals were negative in the nose but positive in the pharynx at least once. As in humans, S. aureus colonization was densest in the nose, and treatment of the nostrils with mupirocin ointment effectively cleared the nostrils and 6 extranasal body sites. Experimental nasal S. aureus colonization was established with 104 CFU/nostril, and both autologous and nonautologous strains survived over 40 days without any apparent adverse effects. A human nasal S. aureus isolate (strain D579, sequence type 398) was carried in 4 of 6 animals for over 3 weeks. Nostrils that did eradicate experimentally applied S. aureus exhibited neutrophilic innate immunity marked by elevated nasal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 levels and a 10-fold decreased IL-1 receptor antagonist/IL-1β ratio within 7 days postinoculation, analogous to the human condition. Taken together, pig-tailed macaques represent a physiological model of human S. aureus nasal carriage that may be utilized for testing natural colonization and decolonization mechanisms as well as novel classes of anti-S. aureus therapeutics.
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De Luca A, Pariano M, Cellini B, Costantini C, Villella VR, Jose SS, Palmieri M, Borghi M, Galosi C, Paolicelli G, Maiuri L, Fric J, Zelante T. The IL-17F/IL-17RC Axis Promotes Respiratory Allergy in the Proximal Airways. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1667-1680. [PMID: 28813677 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine and receptor family is central to antimicrobial resistance and inflammation in the lung. Mice lacking IL-17A, IL-17F, or the IL-17RA subunit were compared with wild-type mice for susceptibility to airway inflammation in models of infection and allergy. Signaling through IL-17RA was required for efficient microbial clearance and prevention of allergy; in the absence of IL-17RA, signaling through IL-17RC on epithelial cells, predominantly by IL-17F, significantly exacerbated lower airway Aspergillus or Pseudomonas infection and allergic airway inflammation. In contrast, following infection with the upper respiratory pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the IL-17F/IL-17RC axis mediated protection. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during pulmonary infection; the IL-17F/IL-17RC signaling axis has the potential to significantly worsen pathogen-associated inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in particular, and should be investigated further as a therapeutic target for treating pathological inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Rachela Villella
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Shyam Sushama Jose
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Melissa Palmieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Galosi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolicelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Jan Fric
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Chamoun MN, Blumenthal A, Sullivan MJ, Schembri MA, Ulett GC. Bacterial pathogenesis and interleukin-17: interconnecting mechanisms of immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence that influence severity of infection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:465-486. [PMID: 29345518 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1426556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the control of many different disorders, including autoimmune, oncogenic, and diverse infectious diseases. In the context of infectious diseases, IL-17 protects the host against various classes of microorganisms but, intriguingly, can also exacerbate the severity of some infections. The regulation of IL-17 expression stems, in part, from the activity of Interleukin-23 (IL-23), which drives the maturation of different classes of IL-17-producing cells that can alter the course of infection. In this review, we analyze IL-17/IL-23 signalling in bacterial infection, and examine the interconnecting mechanisms that link immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence in the context of bacterial pathogenesis. We consider the roles of IL-17 in both acute and chronic bacterial infections, with a focus on mouse models of human bacterial disease that involve infection of mucosal surfaces in the lungs, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts. Polymorphisms in IL-17-encoding genes in humans, which have been associated with heightened host susceptibility to some bacterial pathogens, are discussed. Finally, we examine the implications of IL-17 biology in infectious diseases for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeted at preventing bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Chamoun
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- b The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Matthew J Sullivan
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- c School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Glen C Ulett
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
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43
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S. Rosenthal K. Immune monitoring of the body’s borders. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2018.3.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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44
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Kempski J, Brockmann L, Gagliani N, Huber S. T H17 Cell and Epithelial Cell Crosstalk during Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1373. [PMID: 29118756 PMCID: PMC5660962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is colonized by hundreds of different species of commensal bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Therefore, the intestinal immune system is constantly being challenged by foreign antigens. The immune system, the commensal microbiota, and the intestinal epithelial surface have to maintain a tight balance to guarantee defense against potential pathogens and to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions at the same time. Failure of these mechanisms can lead to a vicious cycle in which a perpetual tissue damage/repair process results in a pathological reorganization of the normal mucosal surface. This dysregulation of the intestine is considered to be one of the underlying causes for both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. TH17 cells have been associated with immune-mediated diseases, such as IBD, since their discovery in 2005. Upon mucosal damage, these cells are induced by a combination of different cytokines, such as IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-1β. TH17 cells are crucial players in the defense against extracellular pathogens and have various mechanisms to fulfill their function. They can activate and attract phagocytic cells. Additionally, TH17 cells can induce the release of anti-microbial peptides from non-immune cells, such as epithelial cells. The flip side of the coin is the strong potential of TH17 cells to be pro-inflammatory and promote pathogenicity. TH17 cells have been linked to both mucosal regeneration and inflammation. In turn, these cells and their cytokines emerged as potential therapeutic targets both for inflammatory diseases and cancer. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the TH17 cell-enterocyte crosstalk and give an overview of its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kempski
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine Solna (MedS), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Blanchette KA, Prabhakara R, Shirtliff ME, Wenke JC. Inhibition of fracture healing in the presence of contamination by Staphylococcus aureus: Effects of growth state and immune response. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1845-1854. [PMID: 28387956 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extremity injuries comprise a significant portion of trauma, affecting quality of life, financial burden, and return to duty. Bacterial contamination is commonly associated with failure to heal, despite antibiotic treatment, suggesting that additional therapies must be developed to combat these complications. Treatment failure is likely due to the presence of resistant microbial communities known as biofilms. Biofilm bacteria are able to elicit a direct inhibition of healing through a multitude of known factors. However, they likely also inhibit healing through alteration of the inflammatory response. As inflammation is a critical step in fracture healing, how the presence of biofilm bacteria shifts this response to one that is suboptimal for healing is an important consideration that is currently understudied. The profile of inflammatory factors in response to biofilm bacteria is unique and distinct from those induced during normal healing or by planktonic bacteria alone. This review will examine the presence of inflammatory factors during normal healing and those induced by contaminating bacteria, and will discuss how these differences may ultimately lead to nonunion. Specifically, this review will focus on the Th1/Th2/Th17 type inflammatory responses and how shifts in the balance of these responses during infection can lead to both ineffective clearance and disruption of fracture healing. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1845-1854, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle A Blanchette
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass STE B, JBSA Ft Sam, Houston 78234-7767, Texas
| | | | | | - Joseph C Wenke
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass STE B, JBSA Ft Sam, Houston 78234-7767, Texas
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Antigen delivery to dendritic cells shapes human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory responses to Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006387. [PMID: 28542586 PMCID: PMC5444865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular persistence of Staphylococcus aureus favors bacterial spread and chronic infections. Here, we provide evidence for the existence of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory against staphylococcal antigens. Notably, the latter could provide a missing link in our understanding of immune control of intracellular S. aureus. The analyses showed that pulsing of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) with native staphylococcal protein antigens induced release of Th2-associated cytokines and mediators linked to T regulatory cell development (G-CSF, IL-2 and IL-10) from both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, thus revealing a state of tolerance predominantly arising from preformed memory T cells. Furthermore, G-CSF was identified as a suppressor of CD8+ T cell-derived IFNγ secretion, thus confirming a tolerogenic role of this cytokine in the regulation of T cell responses to S. aureus. Nevertheless, delivery of in vitro transcribed mRNA-encoded staphylococcal antigens triggered Th1-biased responses, e.g. IFNγ and TNF release from both naïve and memory T cells. Collectively, our data highlight the potential of mRNA-adjuvanted antigen presentation to enable inflammatory responses, thus overriding the existing Th2/Treg-biased memory T cell response to native S. aureus antigens. Staphylococcus aureus is deemed one of the most important nosocomial pathogens but, to date, there are no safe and protective vaccines. In this study we investigate the nature of the preformed T cell response to S. aureus antigens in healthy donors. Our data reveal that CD4+ and—so far not described—CD8+ T cell memory responses against native staphylococcal antigens exist but are skewed towards minimizing inflammation and promoting tolerance. The T cell response to staphylococcal antigens is characterized by the secretion of typical Th2 cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 and mediators associated with formation of T regulatory cells. Most importantly, G-CSF suppresses IFNγ release from pre-existent memory T cells. However, our data reveal that the use of mRNA-encoded antigens to trigger S. aureus-specific T cell responses bears the potential to override the tolerogenic bias. It favors TNF- and IFNγ-releasing T cells and may, thus, represent an innovative tool in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development.
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Brockmann L, Giannou AD, Gagliani N, Huber S. Regulation of T H17 Cells and Associated Cytokines in Wound Healing, Tissue Regeneration, and Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1033. [PMID: 28492497 PMCID: PMC5454945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a crucial process which protects our body against permanent damage and invasive infectious agents. Upon tissue damage, inflammation is an early event which is orchestrated by a multitude of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets including TH17 cells. TH17 cells and TH17 cell associated cytokines can impact wound healing positively by clearing pathogens and modulating mucosal surfaces and epithelial cells. Injury of the gut mucosa can cause fast expansion of TH17 cells and their induction from naïve T cells through Interleukin (IL)-6, TGF-β, and IL-1β signaling. TH17 cells produce various cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, and IL-22, which can promote cell survival and proliferation and thus tissue regeneration in several organs including the skin, the intestine, and the liver. However, TH17 cells are also potentially pathogenic if not tightly controlled. Failure of these control mechanisms can result in chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and can ultimately promote carcinogenesis. Therefore, there are several mechanisms which control TH17 cells. One control mechanism is the regulation of TH17 cells via regulatory T cells and IL-10. This mechanism is especially important in the intestine to terminate immune responses and maintain homeostasis. Furthermore, TH17 cells have the potential to convert from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by changing their cytokine profile and acquiring IL-10 production, thereby limiting their own pathological potential. Finally, IL-22, a signature cytokine of TH17 cells, can be controlled by an endogenous soluble inhibitory receptor, Interleukin 22 binding protein (IL-22BP). During tissue injury, the production of IL-22 by TH17 cells is upregulated in order to promote tissue regeneration. To limit the regenerative program, which could promote carcinogenesis, IL-22BP is upregulated during the later phase of regeneration in order to terminate the effects of IL-22. This delicate balance secures the beneficial effects of IL-22 and prevents its potential pathogenicity. An important future goal is to understand the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of TH17 cells during inflammation, wound healing, and carcinogenesis in order to design targeted therapies for a variety of diseases including infections, cancer, and immune mediated inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Brockmann
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine Solna (MedS), Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stochkolm, Sweeden.
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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