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He Y, Han C, Li C, Yin X, Wang J, Gu L, Yan R, Liu B, Zhou X, He W. Role of N-acetylkynurenine in mediating the effect of gut microbiota on urinary tract infection: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1384095. [PMID: 38711967 PMCID: PMC11070472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explored the causal connections between gut microbiota (GM), urinary tract infection (UTI), and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We utilized summary statistics from the most comprehensive and extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) available to date, including 196 bacterial traits for GM, 1,091 blood metabolites, 309 metabolite ratios, alongside UTI data from ukb-b-8814 and ebi-a-GCST90013890. Bidirectional MR analyses were conducted to investigate the causal links between GM and UTI. Subsequently, two MR analyses were performed to identify the potential mediating metabolites, followed by a two-step MR analysis to quantify the mediation proportion. Results Our findings revealed that out of the total 15 bacterial traits, significant associations with UTI risk were observed across both datasets. Particularly, taxon g_Ruminococcaceae UCG010 displayed a causal link with a diminished UTI risk in both datasets (ukb-b-8814: odds ratio [OR] = 0.9964, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9930-0.9997, P = 0.036; GCST90013890: OR = 0.8252, 95% CI = 0.7217-0.9436, P = 0.005). However, no substantial changes in g_Ruminococcaceae UCG010 due to UTI were noted (ukb-b-8814: β = 0.51, P = 0.87; ebi-a-GCST90013890: β = -0.02, P = 0.77). Additionally, variations in 56 specific metabolites were induced by g_Ruminococcaceae UCG010, with N-acetylkynurenine (NAK) exhibiting a causal correlation with UTI. A negative association was found between g_Ruminococcaceae UCG010 and NAK (OR: 0.8128, 95% CI: 0.6647-0.9941, P = 0.044), while NAK was positively associated with UTI risk (OR: 1.0009; 95% CI: 1.0002-1.0016; P = 0.0173). Mediation analysis revealed that the association between g_Ruminococcaceae UCG010 and UTI was mediated by NAK with a mediation proportion of 5.07%. Discussion This MR study provides compelling evidence supporting the existence of causal relationships between specific GM taxa and UTI, along with potential mediating metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Han
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Yancheng Dafeng Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Chengjuan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofan Yin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Gu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruxue Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Buhui Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming He
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Mohapatra SK, Chaudhary D, Panda BSK, Kamboj A, Kapila R, Dang AK. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 mediated alterations in the functionality of immune cells, deciphers the pregnancy outcomes in crossbred dairy cows. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 158:103972. [PMID: 37302363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy establishment in bovines requires maternal immune cell modulation. Present study investigated possible role of immunosuppressive indolamine-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme in the alteration of neutrophil (NEUT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) functionality of crossbred cows. Blood was collected from non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) cows, followed by isolation of NEUT and PBMCs. Plasma pro-inflammatory (IFNγ and TNFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were estimated by ELISA and analysis of IDO1 gene in NEUT and PBMCs by RT-qPCR. Neutrophil functionality was assessed by chemotaxis, measuring activity of myeloperoxidase and β-D glucuronidase enzyme and evaluating nitric oxide production. Changes in PBMCs functionality was determined by transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory (IFNγ, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ1) genes. Significantly elevated (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory cytokines, increased IDO1 expression, reduced NEUT velocity, MPO activity and NO production observed only in P cows. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and TNFα genes were observed in PBMCs. Study highlights possible role of IDO1 in modulating the immune cell and cytokine activity during early pregnancy and may be targeted as early pregnancy biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Mohapatra
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Bibhudatta S K Panda
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Aarti Kamboj
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India.
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Feng Q, Feng Z, Yang B, Han S, Wen S, Lu G, Jin R, Xu B, Zhang H, Xu L, Xie Z. Metatranscriptome Reveals Specific Immune and Microbial Signatures of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0410722. [PMID: 36861979 PMCID: PMC10100699 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04107-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently detected respiratory virus in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Previous transcriptome studies have focused on systemic transcriptional profiles in blood and have not compared the expression of multiple viral transcriptomes. Here, we sought to compare transcriptome responses to infection with four common respiratory viruses for children (respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and human metapneumovirus) in respiratory samples. Transcriptomic analysis showed that cilium organization and assembly were common pathways related to viral infection. Compared with other virus infections, collagen generation pathways were distinctively enriched in RSV infection. We identified two interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), CXCL11 and IDO1, which were upregulated to a greater extent in the RSV group. In addition, a deconvolution algorithm was used to analyze the composition of immune cells in respiratory tract samples. The proportions of dendritic cells and neutrophils in the RSV group were significantly higher than those in the other virus groups. The RSV group exhibited a higher richness of Streptococcus than the other virus groups. The concordant and discordant responses mapped out here provide a window to explore the pathophysiology of the host response to RSV. Last, according to host-microbe network interference, RSV may disrupt respiratory microbial composition by changing the immune microenvironment. IMPORTANCE In the present study, we demonstrated the comparative results of host responses to infection between RSV and other three common respiratory viruses for children. The comparative transcriptomics study of respiratory samples sheds light on the significant roles that ciliary organization and assembly, extracellular matrix changes, and microbial interactions play in the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the recruitment of neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in the respiratory tract is more substantial in RSV infection than in other viral infections. Finally, we discovered that RSV infection dramatically increased the expression of two ISGs (CXCL11 and IDO1) and the abundance of Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Vision Medicals Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuaibing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunhang Wen
- Department of Children’s Respiration disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gen Lu
- Guiyang Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Guiyang Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Baoping Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases I, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Children’s Respiration disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sturov NV, Popov SV, Zhukov VA, Lyapunova TV, Rusanova EI, Kobylyanu GN, Kobylyanu GN. Intestinal Microbiota Correction in the Treatment and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection. Turk J Urol 2022; 48:406-414. [PMID: 36416330 PMCID: PMC9797784 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2022.22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is a topical subject of modern research. The maintenance of a healthy intestinal micro biota is an important component of homeostasis, and violations of its composition and functions, called dysbiosis, are associated with a number of diseases, including urinary tract infections. Antimicrobial therapy leads to significant changes in the intestinal microbiota and causes the possibility of urinary tract infection recurrence. In this regard, it is important to study methods of microbiota correction in order to restore its structural and functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V. Sturov
- General Medical Practice Department, RUDN University (Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Popov
- General Medical Practice Department, RUDN University (Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Zhukov
- General Medical Practice Department, RUDN University (Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation,Corresponding author:Vladimir A. ZhukovE-mail:
| | - Tatiana V. Lyapunova
- Medical Informatics and Telemedicine Department, RUDN University (Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina I. Rusanova
- General Medical Practice Department, RUDN University (Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Georgy N. Kobylyanu
- General Medical Practice Department, RUDN University (Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Krupa A, Krupa MM, Pawlak K. Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase 1-The Potential Link between the Innate Immunity and the Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116176. [PMID: 35682852 PMCID: PMC9181334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI); nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for both early kidney injury and the reparative phase are not fully recognised. The inflammatory response following ischemia is characterised by the crosstalk between cells belonging to the innate immune system-dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). A tough inflammatory response can damage the renal tissue; it may also have a protective effect leading to the repair after IRI. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the principal enzyme of the kynurenine pathway (KP), has a broad spectrum of immunological activity from stimulation to immunosuppressive activity in inflamed areas. IDO1 expression occurs in cells of the innate immunity and RTECs during IRI, resulting in local tryptophan (TRP) depletion and generation of kynurenines, and both of these mechanisms contribute to the immunosuppressive effect. Nonetheless, it is unknown if the above mechanism can play a harmful or preventive role in IRI-induced AKI. Despite the scarcity of literature in this field, the current review attempts to present a possible role of IDO1 activation in the regulation of the innate immune system in IRI-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mikolaj M. Krupa
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-00
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6
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The Kynurenine Pathway-New Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Endocrinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189879. [PMID: 34576041 PMCID: PMC8469440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is highly regulated in the immune system, where it promotes immunosuppression in response to infection or inflammation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the main enzyme of KP, has a broad spectrum of activity on immune cells regulation, controlling the balance between stimulation and suppression of the immune system at sites of local inflammation, relevant to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Various autoimmune diseases, among them endocrinopathies, have been identified to date, but despite significant progress in their diagnosis and treatment, they are still associated with significant complications, morbidity, and mortality. The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to the onset and development of autoimmune disease remain poorly clarified so far. In breaking of tolerance, the cells of the innate immunity provide a decisive microenvironment that regulates immune cells’ differentiation, leading to activation of adaptive immunity. The current review provided a comprehensive presentation of the known role of IDO1 and KP activation in the regulation of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Significant attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory role of IDO1 in the most prevalent, organ-specific autoimmune endocrinopathies—type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Straub TJ, Chou WC, Manson AL, Schreiber HL, Walker BJ, Desjardins CA, Chapman SB, Kaspar KL, Kahsai OJ, Traylor E, Dodson KW, Hullar MAJ, Hultgren SJ, Khoo C, Earl AM. Limited effects of long-term daily cranberry consumption on the gut microbiome in a placebo-controlled study of women with recurrent urinary tract infections. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33596852 PMCID: PMC7890861 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 15 million women each year in the United States, with > 20% experiencing frequent recurrent UTIs. A recent placebo-controlled clinical trial found a 39% reduction in UTI symptoms among recurrent UTI sufferers who consumed a daily cranberry beverage for 24 weeks. Using metagenomic sequencing of stool from a subset of these trial participants, we assessed the impact of cranberry consumption on the gut microbiota, a reservoir for UTI-causing pathogens such as Escherichia coli, which causes > 80% of UTIs. RESULTS The overall taxonomic composition, community diversity, carriage of functional pathways and gene families, and relative abundances of the vast majority of observed bacterial taxa, including E. coli, were not changed significantly by cranberry consumption. However, one unnamed Flavonifractor species (OTU41), which represented ≤1% of the overall metagenome, was significantly less abundant in cranberry consumers compared to placebo at trial completion. Given Flavonifractor's association with negative human health effects, we sought to determine OTU41 characteristic genes that may explain its differential abundance and/or relationship to key host functions. Using comparative genomic and metagenomic techniques, we identified genes in OTU41 related to transport and metabolism of various compounds, including tryptophan and cobalamin, which have been shown to play roles in host-microbe interactions. CONCLUSION While our results indicated that cranberry juice consumption had little impact on global measures of the microbiome, we found one unnamed Flavonifractor species differed significantly between study arms. This suggests further studies are needed to assess the role of cranberry consumption and Flavonifractor in health and wellbeing in the context of recurrent UTI. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01776021 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Straub
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Abigail L Manson
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Henry L Schreiber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bruce J Walker
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher A Desjardins
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sinéad B Chapman
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Orsalem J Kahsai
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Traylor
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen W Dodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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8
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Crowther RR, Qualls JE. Metabolic Regulation of Immune Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Spotlight on L-Arginine and L-Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628432. [PMID: 33633745 PMCID: PMC7900187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite decades of research, there is still much to be uncovered regarding the immune response to Mtb infection. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on anti-Mtb immunity, with a spotlight on immune cell amino acid metabolism. Specifically, we discuss L-arginine and L-tryptophan, focusing on their requirements, regulatory roles, and potential use as adjunctive therapy in TB patients. By continuing to uncover the immune cell contribution during Mtb infection and how amino acid utilization regulates their functions, it is anticipated that novel host-directed therapies may be developed and/or refined, helping to eradicate TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Crowther
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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9
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Alipour R, Motedayyen H, Sereshki N, Rafiee M, Alsahebfosul F, Pourazar A. Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Affect the Functions of Neutrophils. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:212-220. [PMID: 32323513 PMCID: PMC7378904 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives As a stem cell group, Human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) have numerous advantages over their embryonic and adult counterparts for therapeutic utility. They are closer to clinical applications compared to other stem cell types. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of HAECs toward several immune cells have been shown previously. Nevertheless, despite the ever-increasing importance of neutrophils in the immune and non-immune processes, a few studies investigated the interaction of neutrophils and HAECs. To increase the current knowledge of HAECs immunology which is necessary for optimizing their future clinical applications, here we explored the effect of HAECs on two chief neutrophil functions; respiratory burst and phagocytosis. Methods and Results Freshly isolated human blood neutrophils were co-cultured with different number of HAECs for about 24 or 48 hours, then the oxidative burst and phagocytosis of stimulated neutrophils were assessed and compared. The results demonstrated a substantial elevation in the phagocytosis percentage, conversely a significant reduction in the oxidative burst of HAECs-cocultured neutrophils. These effects were dose-dependent, but did not show similar patterns. Likewise, the elongation of coculture period inversely influenced the HAECs-induced effects on the two neutrophil functions. Conclusions The present study, for the first time, investigated the HAECs-mediated effects on the two main neutrophil functions. The findings suggest that HAECs by enhancement of phagocytic ability and simultaneously, attenuation of oxidative burst capacity of neutrophils protect the fetus from both microbial treats and oxidative stress and their consequent inflammation; thus corroborate the current anti-inflammatory vision of HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Alipour
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Department of Immunology, Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sereshki
- Department of Immunology, Asadabad School of Medical Science, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Mitra Rafiee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Immunology, Medical School, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Alsahebfosul
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Pourazar
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Inhibition of antigen-specific immune responses by co-application of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-encoding vector requires antigen transgene expression focused on dendritic cells. Amino Acids 2020; 52:411-424. [PMID: 32008091 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) of plasmids encoding β-galactosidase (βGal) under control of the fascin-1 promoter (pFascin-βGal) yielded selective production of the protein in skin dendritic cells (DCs), and suppressed Th2 responses in a mouse model of type I allergy by inducing Th1/Tc1 cells. However, intranasal challenge of mice immunized with pFascin-βGal induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and neutrophilic inflammation in the lung. The tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been implicated in immune suppression and tolerance induction. Here we investigated the consequences of co-application of an IDO-encoding vector on the modulatory effect of DNA vaccination by PMED using pFascin-βGal in models of eosinophilic allergic and non-eosinophilic intrinsic airway inflammation. IDO-encoding plasmids and pFascin-βGal or pCMV-βGal were co-applied to abdominal skin of BALB/c mice without, before or after sensitization with βGal protein. Immune responses in the lung were analysed after intranasal provocation and airway reactivity was determined by whole body plethysmography. Co-application of pCMV-IDO with pFascin-βGal, but not pCMV-βGal inhibited the Th1/Tc1 immune response after PMED. Moreover, AHR in those mice was attenuated following intranasal challenge. Therapeutic vaccination of βGal-sensitized mice with pFascin-βGal plus pCMV-IDO slightly suppressed airway inflammation and AHR after provocation with βGal protein, while prophylactic vaccination was not effective. Altogether, our data suggest that only the combination of DC-restricted antigen and ubiquitous IDO expression attenuated asthma responses in mice, most probably by forming a tryptophan-depleted and kynurenine-enriched micromilieu known to affect neutrophils and T cells.
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11
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Harrison A, Hardison RL, Wallace RM, Fitch J, Heimlich DR, Bryan MO, Dubois L, John-Williams LS, Sebra RP, White P, Moseley MA, Thompson JW, Justice SS, Mason KM. Reprioritization of biofilm metabolism is associated with nutrient adaptation and long-term survival of Haemophilus influenzae. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:33. [PMID: 31700653 PMCID: PMC6831627 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a human-restricted pathogen with an essential requirement for heme-iron acquisition. We previously demonstrated that microevolution of NTHI promotes stationary phase survival in response to transient heme-iron restriction. In this study, we examine the metabolic contributions to biofilm formation using this evolved NTHI strain, RM33. Quantitative analyses identified 29 proteins, 55 transcripts, and 31 metabolites that significantly changed within in vitro biofilms formed by RM33. The synthesis of all enzymes within the tryptophan and glycogen pathways was significantly increased in biofilms formed by RM33 compared with the parental strain. In addition, increases were observed in metabolite transport, adhesin production, and DNA metabolism. Furthermore, we observed pyruvate as a pivotal point in the metabolic pathways associated with changes in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity during biofilm formation. Taken together, changes in central metabolism combined with increased stores of nutrients may serve to counterbalance nutrient sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Harrison
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Rachael L. Hardison
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Rachel M. Wallace
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - James Fitch
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, 575 Children’s Crossroad, Columbus, OH 43215 USA
| | - Derek R. Heimlich
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Meghan O’ Bryan
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Laura Dubois
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 701 West Main Street, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Lisa St. John-Williams
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 701 West Main Street, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Robert P. Sebra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Institute and Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Peter White
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, 575 Children’s Crossroad, Columbus, OH 43215 USA
| | - M. Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 701 West Main Street, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - J. Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, 701 West Main Street, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Sheryl S. Justice
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Kevin M. Mason
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
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12
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Cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota. Blood 2019; 133:2168-2177. [PMID: 30898860 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-844555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of the host immunity by the induction, functional modulation, or suppression of local and systemic immune responses. In return, the host immune system restricts translocation and fine tunes the composition and distribution of the microbiota to maintain a beneficial symbiosis. This paradigm applies to neutrophils, a critical component of the innate immunity, allowing their production and function to be influenced by microbial components and metabolites derived from the microbiota, and engaging them in the process of microbiota containment and regulation. The cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota adjusts the magnitude of neutrophil-mediated inflammation on challenge while preventing neutrophil responses against commensals under steady state. Here, we review the major molecular and cellular mediators of the interactions between neutrophils and the microbiota and discuss their interplay and contribution in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Phan T, Nguyen VH, D'Alincourt MS, Manuel ER, Kaltcheva T, Tsai W, Blazar BR, Diamond DJ, Melstrom LG. Salmonella-mediated therapy targeting indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) activates innate immunity and mitigates colorectal cancer growth. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:235-245. [PMID: 30824815 PMCID: PMC8177749 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with colon cancer remain largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic strategies. This is, in part, due to the overexpression of the immune checkpoint protein indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO). IDO is an important enzyme contributing to tumor-mediated immunosuppression and also correlates with poor prognosis in colon cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium delivering an shRNA plasmid targeting IDO (shIDO-ST) in two mouse models of colorectal cancer. In vitro, the CT26 and MC38 murine colon cancer cell lines were shown to upregulate IDO expression following stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Transfection of both cell lines with shIDO plasmid reduced IDO protein expression and function. In vivo, shIDO-ST treatment significantly delayed CT26 and MC38 tumor progression compared to mice treated with scrambled shRNA control (shScr-ST) or the clinically-tested IDO inhibitor epacadostat. Increased tumor infiltration of neutrophils was found to be the primary immune cell population associated with shIDO-ST treatment, suggesting robust activation of innate immunity. Although increased tumor expression of IDO is associated with resistance to antibody therapy against programed cell death-1 (anti-PD1), co-administration of anti-PD1 with shIDO-ST did not provide additional tumor growth control in either model of colorectal cancer. Altogether, we demonstrate that treatment with shIDO-ST markedly delays tumor growth in two immunocompetent colorectal mouse models and this appears to be a superior therapeutic strategy compared to epacadostat or blocking anti-PD1 antibody therapy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Phan
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vu H Nguyen
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Edwin R Manuel
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Weimin Tsai
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Laleh G Melstrom
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Meyers JL, Winans B, Kelsaw E, Murthy A, Gerber S, Lawrence BP. Environmental cues received during development shape dendritic cell responses later in life. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207007. [PMID: 30412605 PMCID: PMC6226176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental signals mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) shape the developing immune system and influence immune function. Developmental exposure to AHR binding chemicals causes persistent changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses later in life, including dampened clonal expansion and differentiation during influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Naïve T cells require activation by dendritic cells (DCs), and AHR ligands modulate the function of DCs from adult organisms. Yet, the consequences of developmental AHR activation by exogenous ligands on DCs later in life has not been examined. We report here that early life activation of AHR durably reduces the ability of DC to activate naïve IAV-specific CD8+ T cells; however, activation of naïve CD4+ T cells was not impaired. Also, DCs from developmentally exposed offspring migrated more poorly than DCs from control dams in both in vivo and ex vivo assessments of DC migration. Conditional knockout mice, which lack Ahr in CD11c lineage cells, suggest that dampened DC emigration is intrinsic to DCs. Yet, levels of chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), a key regulator of DC trafficking, were generally unaffected. Gene expression analyses reveal changes in Lrp1, Itgam, and Fcgr1 expression, and point to alterations in genes that regulate DC migration and antigen processing and presentation as being among pathways disrupted by inappropriate AHR signaling during development. These studies establish that AHR activation during development causes long-lasting changes to DCs, and provide new information regarding how early life environmental cues shape immune function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Meyers
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Bethany Winans
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Erin Kelsaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Aditi Murthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott Gerber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - B. Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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15
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Identification of Urine Metabolites as Biomarkers of Early Lyme Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12204. [PMID: 30111850 PMCID: PMC6093930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites detectible in human biofluids are attractive biomarkers for the diagnosis of early Lyme disease (ELD), a vector-borne infectious disease. Urine represents an easily obtained clinical sample that can be applied for diagnostic purposes. However, few studies have explored urine for biomarkers of ELD. In this study, metabolomics approaches were applied to evaluate small molecule metabolites in urine from patients with ELD (n = 14), infectious mononucleosis (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 14). Metabolic biosignatures for ELD versus healthy controls and ELD versus infectious mononucleosis were generated using untargeted metabolomics. Pathway analyses and metabolite identification revealed the dysregulation of several metabolic processes in ELD as compared to healthy controls or mononucleosis, including metabolism of tryptophan. Linear discriminant analyses demonstrated that individual metabolic biosignatures can correctly discriminate ELD from the other patient groups with accuracies of 71 to 100%. These data provide proof-of-concept for use of urine metabolites as biomarkers for diagnostic classification of ELD.
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16
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Schwab S, Jobin K, Kurts C. Urinary tract infection: recent insight into the evolutionary arms race between uropathogenic Escherichia coli and our immune system. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:1977-1983. [PMID: 28340252 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Humans evolved various immune-dependent and independent defense mechanisms, while pathogens evolved multiple virulence factors to fight back. This article summarizes recent findings regarding the arms race between hosts and pathogens in UTIs. It was recently reported that macrophage subsets regulate neutrophil-mediated defense in primary UTIs but seem to subvert adaptive immunity upon re-infection. Moreover, some bacterial strains can survive inside macrophages, leading to recurrent infections. Inflammasome activation results in infected host cell death and pathogen release, facilitating the removal of intracellular bacteria. As a counteraction, some bacteria evolved mechanisms to disrupt inflammasome activation. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are further effectors that can lyse infected epithelial cells and release intracellular bacteria. Once released, the bacteria are phagocytosed by neutrophils. However, some bacteria can inhibit neutrophil migration and deprive neutrophils of nutrients. Furthermore, the complement system, considered generally bactericidal, is exploited by the bacteria for cellular invasion. Another weapon against UTI is antimicrobial peptides, e.g. ribonuclease 7, but its production is inhibited by certain bacterial strains. Thus the arms race in UTI is ongoing, and knowing the enemy's methods can help in developing new drugs to win the race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwab
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.,Medical Clinic I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Jobin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Yarbrough ML, Briden KE, Mitsios JV, Weindel AL, Terrill CM, Hunstad DA, Dietzen DJ. Mass spectrometric measurement of urinary kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio in children with and without urinary tract infection. Clin Biochem 2018; 56:83-88. [PMID: 29679555 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the first step of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, yielding kynurenine (Kyn) metabolites. The kynurenine-to-tryptophan (K/T) ratio is used as a surrogate for biological IDO enzyme activity. IDO expression is increased during Escherichia coli urinary tract infection (UTI). Thus, our objective was to develop a method for measurement of Kyn/Trp ratio in human blood and urine and evaluate its use as a biomarker of UTI. METHODS A mass spectrometric method was developed to measure Trp and Kyn in serum and urine specimens. The method was applied to clinical urine specimens from symptomatic pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed UTI or other acute conditions and from healthy controls. RESULTS The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was linear to 500 μmol/L for both Trp and Kyn. Imprecision ranged from 5 to 15% for Trp and 6-20% for Kyn. Analytical recoveries of Trp and Kyn ranged from 96 to 119% in serum and 90-97% in urine. No correlation was found between the K/T ratio and circulating IDO mass (r = 0.110) in serum. Urinary Kyn and Trp in the pediatric test cohort demonstrated elevations in the K/T ratio in symptomatic patients with UTI (median 13.08) and without UTI (median 14.38) compared to healthy controls (median 4.93; p < 0.001 for both comparisons). No significant difference in K/T ratio was noted between symptomatic patients with and without UTI (p = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of Trp and Kyn by LC-MS/MS is accurate and precise in serum and urine specimens. While urinary K/T ratio is not a specific biomarker for UTI, it may represent a general indicator of a systemic inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Yarbrough
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelleigh E Briden
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John V Mitsios
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Cindy M Terrill
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Departments of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dennis J Dietzen
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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18
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Sintsova A, Smith S, Subashchandrabose S, Mobley HL. Role of Ethanolamine Utilization Genes in Host Colonization during Urinary Tract Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00542-17. [PMID: 29229730 PMCID: PMC5820945 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00542-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common infection in humans, making it a global health priority. Nearly half of all women will experience a symptomatic UTI, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the major causative agent of the infection. Although there has been extensive research on UPEC virulence determinants, the importance of host-specific metabolism remains understudied. We report here that UPEC upregulates the expression of ethanolamine utilization genes during uncomplicated UTIs in humans. We further show that UPEC ethanolamine metabolism is required for effective bladder colonization in the mouse model of ascending UTI and is dispensable for bladder colonization in an immunocompromised mouse model of UTI. We demonstrate that although ethanolamine metabolism mutants do not show increased susceptibility to antimicrobial responses of neutrophils, this metabolic pathway is important for surviving the innate immune system during UTI. This study reveals a novel aspect of UPEC metabolism in the host and provides evidence for an underappreciated link between bacterial metabolism and the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sintsova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sara Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Harry L Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Dou L, Poitevin S, Sallée M, Addi T, Gondouin B, McKay N, Denison MS, Jourde-Chiche N, Duval-Sabatier A, Cerini C, Brunet P, Dignat-George F, Burtey S. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is activated in patients and mice with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2018; 93:986-999. [PMID: 29395338 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are exposed to uremic toxins and have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Some uremic toxins, like indoxyl sulfate, are agonists of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). These toxins induce a vascular procoagulant phenotype. Here we investigated AHR activation in patients with CKD and in a murine model of CKD. We performed a prospective study in 116 patients with CKD stage 3 to 5D and measured the AHR-Activating Potential of serum by bioassay. Compared to sera from healthy controls, sera from CKD patients displayed a strong AHR-Activating Potential; strongly correlated with eGFR and with the indoxyl sulfate concentration. The expression of the AHR target genes Cyp1A1 and AHRR was up-regulated in whole blood from patients with CKD. Survival analyses revealed that cardiovascular events were more frequent in CKD patients with an AHR-Activating Potential above the median. In mice with 5/6 nephrectomy, there was an increased serum AHR-Activating Potential, and an induction of Cyp1a1 mRNA in the aorta and heart, absent in AhR-/- CKD mice. After serial indoxyl sulfate injections, we observed an increase in serum AHR-AP and in expression of Cyp1a1 mRNA in aorta and heart in WT mice, but not in AhR-/- mice. Thus, the AHR pathway is activated both in patients and mice with CKD. Hence, AHR activation could be a key mechanism involved in the deleterious cardiovascular effects observed in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Dou
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Poitevin
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Sallée
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France; Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Tawfik Addi
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Gondouin
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie McKay
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Noémie Jourde-Chiche
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France; Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Ariane Duval-Sabatier
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France; Association des dialysés Provence-Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Cerini
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France; Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Stéphane Burtey
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, UMR-S 1076, VRCM, Marseille, France; Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France.
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El-Zaatari M, Kao JY. Role of Dietary Metabolites in Regulating the Host Immune Response in Gastrointestinal Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:51. [PMID: 28191010 PMCID: PMC5269446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The host immune response to gastrointestinal (GI) infections, hypersensitivity reactions, or GI cancers comprises numerous pathways that elicit responses on different host cells. Some of these include (1) the stimulation of mast cells via their IgE receptor, (2) the production of antibodies leading to antibody-mediated cytotoxic T/natural killer cell killing, (3) the activation of the complement pathway, and (4) the activation of the adaptive immune response via antigen-presenting cell, T cell, and B cell interactions. Within the plethora of these different responses, several host immune cells represent major key players such as those of myeloid lineage (including neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells) or lymphoid lineage (including T and B cells). In this review, we focus on newly identified metabolites and metabolite receptors that are expressed by either myeloid or lymphoid lineages. Irrespective of their source, these metabolites can in certain instances elicit responses on a wide range of cell types. The myeloid-expressed metabolic enzymes and receptors which we will discuss in this review include arginase 2 (Arg2), indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (Hcar2; also called GPR109A), and immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1). We will also review the role of the lymphoid-expressed metabolite receptor that binds to the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) sphingolipid. Moreover, we will describe the synthesis and metabolism of retinoic acid, and its effect on T cell activation. The review will then discuss the function of these metabolites in the context of GI disease. The review provides evidence that metabolic pathways operate in a disease- and context-dependent manner-either independently or concomitantly-in the GI tract. Therefore, an integrated approach and combinatorial analyses are necessary to devise new therapeutic strategies that can synergistically improve prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El-Zaatari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Y. Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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McLellan LK, Hunstad DA. Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Outlook. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:946-957. [PMID: 27692880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical syndromes comprising urinary tract infection (UTI) continue to exert significant impact on millions of patients worldwide, most of whom are otherwise healthy women. Antibiotic therapy for acute cystitis does not prevent recurrences, which plague up to one fourth of women after an initial UTI. Rising antimicrobial resistance among uropathogenic bacteria further complicates therapeutic decisions, necessitating new approaches based on fundamental biological investigation. In this review, we highlight contemporary advances in the field of UTI pathogenesis and how these might inform both our clinical perspective and future scientific priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K McLellan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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