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Acevedo-Román A, Pagán-Zayas N, Velázquez-Rivera LI, Torres-Ventura AC, Godoy-Vitorino F. Insights into Gut Dysbiosis: Inflammatory Diseases, Obesity, and Restoration Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9715. [PMID: 39273662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is one of the most critical factors in human health. It involves numerous physiological processes impacting host health, mainly via immune system modulation. A balanced microbiome contributes to the gut's barrier function, preventing the invasion of pathogens and maintaining the integrity of the gut lining. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiome's composition and function, disrupts essential processes and contributes to various diseases. This narrative review summarizes key findings related to the gut microbiota in modern multifactorial inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. It addresses the challenges posed by antibiotic-driven dysbiosis, particularly in the context of C. difficile infections, and the development of novel therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation and biotherapeutic drugs to combat these infections. An emphasis is given to restoration of the healthy gut microbiome through dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, and novel approaches for managing gut-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Acevedo-Román
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Natalia Pagán-Zayas
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Liz I Velázquez-Rivera
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Aryanne C Torres-Ventura
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
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2
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Gómez-García M, Moreno-Jimenez E, Morgado N, García-Sánchez A, Gil-Melcón M, Pérez-Pazos J, Estravís M, Isidoro-García M, Dávila I, Sanz C. The Role of the Gut and Airway Microbiota in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8223. [PMID: 39125792 PMCID: PMC11311313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in understanding the potential role of microbiota dysbiosis or alterations in the composition and function of human microbiota in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This systematic review evaluated the literature on CRSwNP and host microbiota for the last ten years, including mainly nasal bacteria, viruses, and fungi, following the PRISMA guidelines and using the major scientific publication databases. Seventy original papers, mainly from Asia and Europe, met the inclusion criteria, providing a comprehensive overview of the microbiota composition in CRSwNP patients and its implications for inflammatory processes in nasal polyps. This review also explores the potential impact of microbiota-modulating therapies for the CRSwNP treatment. Despite variability in study populations and methodologies, findings suggest that fluctuations in specific taxa abundance and reduced bacterial diversity can be accepted as critical factors influencing the onset or severity of CRSwNP. These microbiota alterations appear to be implicated in triggering cell-mediated immune responses, cytokine cascade changes, and defects in the epithelial barrier. Although further human studies are required, microbiota-modulating strategies could become integral to future combined CRSwNP treatments, complementing current therapies that mainly target inflammatory mediators and potentially improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez-García
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Unit, Clinical Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emma Moreno-Jimenez
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Natalia Morgado
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Biomedical and Diagnostics Sciences Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Asunción García-Sánchez
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Biomedical and Diagnostics Sciences Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Results-Oriented Cooperative Research Networks in Health—Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gil-Melcón
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Pérez-Pazos
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Unit, Clinical Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centre for Networked Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Estravís
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Results-Oriented Cooperative Research Networks in Health—Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine Unit, Clinical Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Results-Oriented Cooperative Research Networks in Health—Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Dávila
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Biomedical and Diagnostics Sciences Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Results-Oriented Cooperative Research Networks in Health—Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Allergy, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Catalina Sanz
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (E.M.-J.); (N.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.G.-M.); (J.P.-P.); (M.I.-G.); (I.D.); (C.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Results-Oriented Cooperative Research Networks in Health—Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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Vinayamohan PG, Poelstra J, Cheng TY, Goetz H, Renaud DL, Gomez DE, Habing G. Exploring the effects of transport duration on the fecal microbial communities of surplus dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3863-3884. [PMID: 38216047 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Transportation significantly affects the health and welfare of surplus dairy calves, largely due to the various stressors and pathogen exposures encountered during the process. Concurrently, an animal's microbiome is known to correlate with its health status, with stress-induced alterations in the microbiota potentially precipitating various diseases. This study aimed to compare the effects of transportation durations of 6, 12, or 16 h on the fecal microbiota in young surplus dairy calves. We used a randomized controlled design in which surplus dairy calves aged 1 to 19 d from 5 commercial dairy farms in Ontario were allocated into 1 of 3 transportation groups (6, 12, and 16 h of continuous transportation). Health assessments were conducted before, immediately after, and for 2 wk following transportation. Fecal samples were collected before, immediately after, and at 24 and 72 h after transportation and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha diversity metrics showed no significant differences between the 3 transportation groups at any of the sampling time points. Although β diversity metrics revealed no clustering by transportation groups, they indicated significant differences across sampling time points within each group. The overall analysis revealed a total of 22 phyla and 353 genera, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria being the most abundant phyla. Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, Lactobacillus, Collinsella, and Bifidobacterium were the most abundant genera. The reduction in Fusobacteria abundance before and after transport was significantly larger in the 16-h transportation group when compared with the 6-h transportation group. We also identified several genus-level and amplicon sequence variation-level taxa that displayed significant differences in their abundances across various transportation groups, observed at all sampling time points investigated. This research identifies microbiota changes due to varying transportation durations in surplus dairy calves, providing a broad understanding of the microbial shifts in surplus dairy calves after transportation across varying durations. Although these variations may not directly correlate with overall calf health or indicate dysbiosis, these results emphasize the importance of further investigating transportation practices to enhance calf health and well-being. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the relationship between microbiota and calf health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelmer Poelstra
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center (MCIC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Hanne Goetz
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2W1
| | - David L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2W1
| | - Diego E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2W1
| | - Greg Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wu L, Wang W, Zhang H, Lou H. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion promotes intestinal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni in mice. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:156. [PMID: 38724913 PMCID: PMC11080253 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish a method to induce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in the intestines of C57BL/6 mice through antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion. RESULTS Fifty-four female C57BL/6 mice were divided into the normal, control, and experimental groups. The experimental group was administered intragastric cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium (50 mg/mL) for 2 days; then, the experimental and control mice were intragastrically administered 200 µL C. jejuni, which was repeated once more after 2 days. Animal feces were collected, and the HipO gene of C. jejuni was detected using TaqMan qPCR from day 1 to day 14 after modeling completion. Immunofluorescence was used to detect intestinal C. jejuni colonization on day 14, and pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Additionally, 16S rDNA analyses of the intestinal contents were conducted on day 14. In the experimental group, C. jejuni was detected in the feces from days 1 to 14 on TaqMan qPCR, and immunofluorescence-labeled C. jejuni were visibly discernable in the intestinal lumen. The intestinal mucosa was generally intact and showed no significant inflammatory-cell infiltration. Diversity analysis of the colonic microbiota showed significant inter-group differences. In the experimental group, the composition of the colonic microbiota differed from that in the other 2 groups at the phylum level, and was characterized by a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes and a lower proportion of Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS Microbiome depletion induced by cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium could promote long-term colonization of C. jejuni in the intestines of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Chen
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Pan
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Animal Center, Jinhua Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Research Institute, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiang Lou
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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5
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Park JY, Yang KM, Kwak JY, Jung YT. Risk Factors for Invasive Candidiasis in Critically Ill Patients Who Underwent Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgery for Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38634791 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Candida species account for approximately 15% of hospital-associated infections, causing fatal consequences, especially in critically ill patients. This study aimed to evaluate invasive candidiasis (IC) risk factors in critically ill patients undergoing surgery. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 583 patients who underwent emergency surgery for complicated intra-abdominal infections between January 2016 and December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of IC during their hospital stay. IC was defined as culture-proven candidemia and intra-abdominal candidiasis. Results: This study included 373 patients for the final analysis, of whom 320 were discharged without IC (IC absent group) and 53 presented with IC (IC present group) during their hospital stay. The IC present group showed a higher in-hospital mortality rate (35.8 vs. 8.8%; p < 0.001), with 66.0% of the patients diagnosed within 10 days, whereas only 6.5% were diagnosed beyond 20 days after admission. Stomach (odds ratio [OR], 4.188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.204-14.561; p = 0.024) and duodenum (OR, 7.595; 95% CI, 1.934-29.832; p = 0.004) as infection origin, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR, 1.097; 95% CI, 1.044-1.152; p < 0.001), and lower initial systolic blood pressure (OR, 0.983; 95% CI, 0.968-0.997; p = 0.018) were risk factors of IC after emergency gastrointestinal surgery. Conclusions: Patients who had stomach and duodenum as infection origin, higher APACHE II scores, and lower initial systolic blood pressure had a higher risk of developing IC during their hospital stay after emergency gastrointestinal surgery. Prophylactic antifungal agents can be carefully considered for critically ill patients with these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yun Park
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Kwan Mo Yang
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yun Tae Jung
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
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Acar C, Celik SK, Ozdemirel HO, Tuncdemir BE, Alan S, Mergen H. Composition of the colon microbiota in the individuals with inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:333-345. [PMID: 37344611 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The human intestine is a habitat for microorganisms and, recently, the composition of the intestinal microbiota has been correlated with the etiology of diseases such as inflammations, sores, and tumors. Although many studies have been conducted to understand the composition of that microbiota, expanding these studies to more samples and different backgrounds will improve our knowledge. In this work, we showed the colon microbiota composition and diversity of healthy subjects, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colon cancer by metagenomic sequencing. Our results indicated that the relative abundance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes differs between the healthy vs. tumor biopsies, tumor vs. IBD biopsies, and fresh vs. paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies. Fusobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus genera were relatively abundant in fresh tumor biopsies, while Pseudomonas was significantly elevated in IBD biopsies. Additionally, another opportunist pathogen Malasseziales was revealed as the most abundant fungal clade in IBD biopsies, especially in ulcerative colitis. We also found that, while the Basidiomycota:Ascomycota ratio was slightly lower in tumor biopsies compared to biopsies from healthy subjects, there was a significant increase in IBD biopsies. Our work will contribute to the known diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes in the colon biopsies in patients with IBD and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Acar
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey.
| | | | - H Ozgur Ozdemirel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Beril Erdem Tuncdemir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Saadet Alan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Inonu University, Malatya, 44000, Turkey
| | - Hatice Mergen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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Zhang L, Wang P, Huang J, Xing Y, Wong FS, Suo J, Wen L. Gut microbiota and therapy for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1333778. [PMID: 38596222 PMCID: PMC11002083 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1333778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been a major increase in Type 2 diabetes and obesity in many countries, and this will lead to a global public health crisis, which not only impacts on the quality of life of individuals well but also places a substantial burden on healthcare systems and economies. Obesity is linked to not only to type 2 diabetes but also cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, and certain cancers, also resulting in increased medical costs and diminished quality of life. A number of studies have linked changes in gut in obesity development. Dysbiosis, a deleterious change in gut microbiota composition, leads to altered intestinal permeability, associated with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Many factors affect the homeostasis of gut microbiota, including diet, genetics, circadian rhythms, medication, probiotics, and antibiotics. In addition, bariatric surgery induces changes in gut microbiota that contributes to the metabolic benefits observed post-surgery. Current obesity management strategies encompass dietary interventions, exercise, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, with emerging treatments including microbiota-altering approaches showing promising efficacy. While pharmacotherapy has demonstrated significant advancements in recent years, bariatric surgery remains one of the most effective treatments for sustainable weight loss. However, access to this is generally limited to those living with severe obesity. This underscores the need for non-surgical interventions, particularly for adolescents and mildly obese patients. In this comprehensive review, we assess longitudinal alterations in gut microbiota composition and functionality resulting from the two currently most effective anti-obesity treatments: pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. Additionally, we highlight the functions of gut microbiota, focusing on specific bacteria, their metabolites, and strategies for modulating gut microbiota to prevent and treat obesity. This review aims to provide insights into the evolving landscape of obesity management and the potential of microbiota-based approaches in addressing this pressing global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pai Wang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Juan Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanpeng Xing
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Suo
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Marshall-Jones ZV, Patel KV, Castillo-Fernandez J, Lonsdale ZN, Haydock R, Staunton R, Amos GCA, Watson P. Conserved signatures of the canine faecal microbiome are associated with metronidazole treatment and recovery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5277. [PMID: 38438389 PMCID: PMC10912219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is recognised as one of the biggest global threats to human and animal health. Understanding the influence of antibiotics on the canine microbiome is important to know the potential mid-to-long term effects on dysbiosis and mitigate side-effects such as antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. In this study, metronidazole was prescribed to 22 dogs for suspected giardiasis after exhibiting gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea and/or vomiting. Faecal samples were collected before, during seven days of treatment, and six months post-cessation. Faecal microbiota was assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing. Shannon diversity was reduced for up to three days after the treatment ended, and an altered community persisted for four to six weeks. All dogs recovered to a similar microbiome composition as pre-treatment. Immediately after receiving metronidazole, an increase in the relative abundance of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus was observed. This may be due to antibiotic resistance commonly exhibited by these organisms. One-to-two weeks post-cessation, several other genera that were sensitive to the antibiotic recovered in abundances, with taxa belonging to the Erysipelotrichaceae family particularly driving composition change. Many of the bacteria initially reduced were associated with carbohydrate fermentation. This suggests scope exists to explore interventions to augment gastrointestinal health and support the re-establishment of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe V Marshall-Jones
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Krusha V Patel
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK.
| | | | - Zoe N Lonsdale
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Richard Haydock
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Ruth Staunton
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Gregory C A Amos
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Phillip Watson
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
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9
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Anjou C, Lotoux A, Zhukova A, Royer M, Caulat LC, Capuzzo E, Morvan C, Martin-Verstraete I. The multiplicity of thioredoxin systems meets the specific lifestyles of Clostridia. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012001. [PMID: 38330058 PMCID: PMC10880999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells are unceasingly confronted by oxidative stresses that oxidize proteins on their cysteines. The thioredoxin (Trx) system, which is a ubiquitous system for thiol and protein repair, is composed of a thioredoxin (TrxA) and a thioredoxin reductase (TrxB). TrxAs reduce disulfide bonds of oxidized proteins and are then usually recycled by a single pleiotropic NAD(P)H-dependent TrxB (NTR). In this work, we first analyzed the composition of Trx systems across Bacteria. Most bacteria have only one NTR, but organisms in some Phyla have several TrxBs. In Firmicutes, multiple TrxBs are observed only in Clostridia, with another peculiarity being the existence of ferredoxin-dependent TrxBs. We used Clostridioides difficile, a pathogenic sporulating anaerobic Firmicutes, as a model to investigate the biological relevance of TrxB multiplicity. Three TrxAs and three TrxBs are present in the 630Δerm strain. We showed that two systems are involved in the response to infection-related stresses, allowing the survival of vegetative cells exposed to oxygen, inflammation-related molecules and bile salts. A fourth TrxB copy present in some strains also contributes to the stress-response arsenal. One of the conserved stress-response Trx system was found to be present both in vegetative cells and in the spores and is under a dual transcriptional control by vegetative cell and sporulation sigma factors. This Trx system contributes to spore survival to hypochlorite and ensure proper germination in the presence of oxygen. Finally, we found that the third Trx system contributes to sporulation through the recycling of the glycine-reductase, a Stickland pathway enzyme that allows the consumption of glycine and contributes to sporulation. Altogether, we showed that Trx systems are produced under the control of various regulatory signals and respond to different regulatory networks. The multiplicity of Trx systems and the diversity of TrxBs most likely meet specific needs of Clostridia in adaptation to strong stress exposure, sporulation and Stickland pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Anjou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Lotoux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Paris, France
| | - Anna Zhukova
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Marie Royer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Paris, France
| | - Léo C. Caulat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Paris, France
| | - Elena Capuzzo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Paris, France
| | - Claire Morvan
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Martin-Verstraete
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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10
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Gan W, Xiang Y, Wei B, Liu S, Liu F. The inflammatory microenvironment of nasal polyps in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and the relationship of this microenvironment with the nasal microbiome. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:124-133. [PMID: 37659949 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the characteristics of the microbial community of the nasal sinuses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and identified the correlations of the nasal microbiome with the inflammatory microenvironment of the nasal cavity. METHODOLOGY We collected matched nasal secretion and polyp tissue samples from 77 CRSwNP patients. Then, we extracted microbial DNA from cotton swabs, used high-throughput sequencing technology based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to detect the bacterial community composition, and detected cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-5, IL-8, IL-17a, IL-17e, IL-18, IL-27 and interferon (INF)-gamma in the polyp tissue samples using Luminex. Eosinophils and neutrophils in the peripheral blood and polyp tissue were counted, and the relationships between inflammatory factors or inflammatory cell counts and nasal microbial diversity were analyzed. RESULTS Among the inflammatory factors evaluated, IL-5 had a positive rate of 32.47%, IFN-γ had a positive rate of 84.42%, IL-17A and IL-17E had positive rates of 75.32%, IL-18 had a positive rate of 94.81%, IL-27 had a positive rate of 68.83%, and IL-8 had a positive rate of 100%. IL-17a and IL-27 were negatively correlated with both Enterobacter and Anaerococcus, IL-8 was negatively correlated with both Enterobacter and Staphylococcus, IL-18 was positively correlated with Candidatus Arthromitus and negatively correlated with Haemophilus, and IL-27 was positively correlated with Faecalibaculum. Lactobacillus and Enterococcus were positively correlated with the degree of neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyp tissue. CONCLUSIONS In Southwest China, inflammation of the nasal polyps exhibits a variety of patterns. Enterobacteria and anaerobic bacteria may be correlated with the inflammatory pattern of nasal polyps. The neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response plays an important role in patients with CRSwNP in Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Gan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Morphometric Research Laboratory, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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11
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Galeana-Cadena D, Gómez-García IA, Lopez-Salinas KG, Irineo-Moreno V, Jiménez-Juárez F, Tapia-García AR, Boyzo-Cortes CA, Matías-Martínez MB, Jiménez-Alvarez L, Zúñiga J, Camarena A. Winds of change a tale of: asthma and microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1295215. [PMID: 38146448 PMCID: PMC10749662 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in asthma is highlighted, considering its influence on immune responses and its connection to alterations in asthmatic patients. In this context, we review the variables influencing asthma phenotypes from a microbiome perspective and provide insights into the microbiome's role in asthma pathogenesis. Previous cohort studies in patients with asthma have shown that the presence of genera such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides in the gut microbiome has been associated with protection against the disease. While, the presence of other genera such as Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Moraxella in the respiratory microbiome has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis, indicating a potential link between microbial dysbiosis and the development of asthma. Furthermore, respiratory infections have been demonstrated to impact the composition of the upper respiratory tract microbiota, increasing susceptibility to bacterial diseases and potentially triggering asthma exacerbations. By understanding the interplay between the microbiome and asthma, valuable insights into disease mechanisms can be gained, potentially leading to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Galeana-Cadena
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Alejandra Gómez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Gabriel Lopez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Valeria Irineo-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Jiménez-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alan Rodrigo Tapia-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Red de Medicina para la Educación, el Desarrollo y la Investigación Científica de Iztacala, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Boyzo-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melvin Barish Matías-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Jiménez-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Fiedler AW, Gundersen MS, Vo TP, Almaas E, Vadstein O, Bakke I. Phage therapy minimally affects the water microbiota in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rearing system while still preventing infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19145. [PMID: 37932331 PMCID: PMC10628140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive usage of antibiotics threatens the bacterial diversity in the microbiota of animals. An alternative to antibiotics that has been suggested to not disturb the microbiota is (bacterio)phage therapy. In this study, we challenged germ-free and microbially colonized yolk sac fry of Atlantic salmon with Flavobacterium columnare and observed that the mere presence of a microbiota protected the fish against lethal infection. We then investigated the effect of phage- or oxytetracycline treatment on fish survival and rearing water bacterial community characteristics using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Phage treatment led to an increased survival of F. columnare-challenged fish and reduced the relative amounts of the pathogen in the water microbiota. In the absence of F. columnare, phage treatment did not affect the composition or the α-diversity of the rearing water microbiota. In the presence of the phage's host, phage treatment induced minor changes to the bacterial community composition, without affecting the α-diversity. Surprisingly, oxytetracycline treatment had no observable effect on the water microbiota and did not reduce the relative abundance of F. columnare in the water. In conclusion, we showed that phage treatment prevents mortality while not negatively affecting the rearing water microbiota, thus suggesting that phage treatment may be a suitable alternative to antibiotics. We also demonstrated a protective effect of the microbiota in Atlantic salmon yolk sac fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Fiedler
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Madeleine S Gundersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toan P Vo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Almaas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Bakke
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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13
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Kim HJ, Kim HS, Yun YS, Kang HK. Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Oregano Oil on Performance, Gut Microbiome, and Intestinal Morphology in Pullets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2550. [PMID: 37627340 PMCID: PMC10451296 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of probiotics containing Bacillus subtilis and oregano essential oil on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbial composition in pullets aged 0-18 weeks. A total of 324 day-old Hy-Line Brown chicks were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, with six replicates per group and 18 birds per pen. The experimental treatments consisted of the following: a control group receiving a basal diet (Con), a group receiving a basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg (3 × 108 cfu/kg) of Bacillus subtilis (BS), and a group receiving a basal diet supplemented with 0.3 g/kg of oregano essential oil (ORO). The groups supplemented with BS and ORO demonstrated significantly higher villus height/crypt depth ratios than the Con group. Microbial richness was significantly higher in groups supplemented with BS (p = 0.0317) and ORO (p = 0.00794) than in the Con group. These findings revealed a distinct separation between gut microbial communities of the Con group and those supplemented with ORO, based on unweighted and weighted UniFrac indices. Therefore, supplementation with Bacillus subtilis and oregano oil improved the composition of the microbiota, suggesting their positive effects on the gut health of pullets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hwan-Ku Kang
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25342, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (H.-S.K.); (Y.-S.Y.)
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14
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Xiao Y, Powell DW, Liu X, Li Q. Cardiovascular manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R193-R211. [PMID: 37335014 PMCID: PMC10979804 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00300.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract but is also known to have extraintestinal manifestations because of long-standing systemic inflammation. Several national cohort studies have found that IBD is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms by which IBD impairs the cardiovascular system are not fully understood. Although the gut-heart axis is attracting more attention in recent years, our knowledge of the organ-to-organ communication between the gut and the heart remains limited. In patients with IBD, upregulated inflammatory factors, altered microRNAs and lipid profiles, as well as dysbiotic gut microbiota, may induce adverse cardiac remodeling. In addition, patients with IBD have a three- to four times higher risk of developing thrombosis than people without IBD, and it is believed that the increased risk of thrombosis is largely due to increased procoagulant factors, platelet count/activity, and fibrinogen concentration, in addition to decreased anticoagulant factors. The predisposing factors for atherosclerosis are present in IBD and the possible mechanisms may involve oxidative stress system, overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases, and changes in vascular smooth muscle phenotype. This review focuses mainly on 1) the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases associated with IBD, 2) the potential pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases in patients with IBD, and 3) adverse effects of IBD drugs on the cardiovascular system. Also, we introduce here a new paradigm for the gut-heart axis that includes exosomal microRNA and the gut microbiota as a cause for cardiac remodeling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Don W Powell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingjie Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States
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15
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Monteiro Marques J, Coelho M, Santana AR, Pinto D, Semedo-Lemsaddek T. Dissemination of Enterococcal Genetic Lineages: A One Health Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1140. [PMID: 37508236 PMCID: PMC10376465 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are commensals of the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and colonize a variety of niches such as water, soil, and food. Over the last three decades, enterococci have evolved as opportunistic pathogens, being considered ESKAPE pathogens responsible for hospital-associated infections. Enterococci's ubiquitous nature, excellent adaptative capacity, and ability to acquire virulence and resistance genes make them excellent sentinel proxies for assessing the presence/spread of pathogenic and virulent clones and hazardous determinants across settings of the human-animal-environment triad, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of the One Health continuum. This review provides an overview of enterococcal fitness and pathogenic traits; the most common clonal complexes identified in clinical, veterinary, food, and environmental sources; as well as the dissemination of pathogenic genomic traits (virulome, resistome, and mobilome) found in high-risk clones worldwide, across the One Health continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Monteiro Marques
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Coelho
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Santana
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Pinto
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Rutjens S, Vereecke N, Sauer J, Croubels S, Devreese M. Cefquinome shows a higher impact on the pig gut microbiome and resistome compared to ceftiofur. Vet Res 2023; 54:45. [PMID: 37280708 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalosporins are licensed for treatment of severe bacterial infections in different species. However, the effect of these antimicrobials on the fecal microbiome and potential spread of resistance-associated genes causes great concern. This highlights the need to understand the impact of cephalosporins on the porcine fecal microbiome and resistome. A combination of long-read 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was applied to investigate the effect of conventional treatment with either ceftiofur (3 mg.kg-1 intramuscular, 3 consecutive days) or cefquinome (2 mg.kg-1 intramuscular, 5 consecutive days) on the porcine microbiome and resistome. Fecal samples were collected from 17 pigs (6 ceftiofur treated, 6 cefquinome treated, 5 control pigs) at four different timepoints. Treatment with ceftiofur resulted in an increase in Proteobacteria members on microbiome level, while on resistome level selection in TetQ containing Bacteroides, CfxA6 containing Prevotella and blaTEM-1 containing Escherichia coli was observed. Cefquinome treatment resulted in a decline in overall species richness (α-diversity) and increase in Proteobacteria members. On genus level, administration of cefquinome significantly affected more genera than ceftiofur (18 vs 8). On resistome level, cefquinome resulted in a significant increase of six antimicrobial resistance genes, with no clear correlation with certain genera. For both antimicrobials, the resistome levels returned back to the control levels 21 days post-treatment. Overall, our study provides novel insights on the effect of specific cephalosporins on the porcine gut microbiome and resistome after conventional intramuscular treatment. These results might contribute to better tailoring of the most ideal treatment strategy for some bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Rutjens
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nick Vereecke
- PathoSense BV, 2500, Lier, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Xue XM, Wang HY, Yu XW, Hu S, Huang LJ, Yang HC, Gong L, Yang K, Li HB, Zhu YG. Gut Microbiota Control the Bioavailability and Metabolism of Organoarsenicals of Seaweeds in Mice after Oral Ingestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37236912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Edible seaweed consumption is an essential route of human exposure to complex organoarsenicals, including arsenosugars and arsenosugar phospholipids. However, the effects of gut microbiota on the metabolism and bioavailability of arsenosugars in vivo are unknown. Herein, two nori and two kelp samples with phosphate arsenosugar and sulfonate arsenosugar, respectively, as the predominant arsenic species, were administered to normal mice and gut microbiota-disrupted mice treated with the broad-spectrum antibiotic cefoperazone for 4 weeks. Following exposure, the community structures of the gut microbiota, total arsenic concentrations, and arsenic species in excreta and tissues were analyzed. Total arsenic excreted in feces and urine did not differ significantly between normal and antibiotic-treated mice fed with kelp samples. However, the total urinary arsenic of normal mice fed with nori samples was significantly higher (p < 0.05) (urinary arsenic excretion factor, 34-38 vs 5-7%), and the fecal total arsenic was significantly lower than in antibiotic-treated mice. Arsenic speciation analysis revealed that most phosphate arsenosugars in nori were converted to arsenobetaine (53.5-74.5%) when passing through the gastrointestinal tract, whereas a large portion of sulfonate arsenosugar in kelp was resistant to speciation changes and was excreted in feces intact (64.1-64.5%). Normal mice exhibited greater oral bioavailability of phosphate arsenosugar from nori than sulfonate arsenosugar from kelp (34-38 vs 6-9%). Our work provides insights into organoarsenical metabolism and their bioavailability in the mammalian gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin-Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
- Zhoushan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Shilin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui-Cheng Yang
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Like Gong
- Hangzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Birmann PT, Casaril AM, Pesarico AP, Rodrigues RR, Conceição FR, Sousa FSS, Collares T, Seixas FK, Savegnago L. Komagataella pastoris KM71H Mitigates Depressive-Like Phenotype, Preserving Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4017-4029. [PMID: 37016046 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of intestinal microbiota in the genesis of mental health has received considerable attention in recent years, given that probiotics are considered promising therapeutic agents against major depressive disorder. Komagataella pastoris KM71H is a yeast with probiotic properties and antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression. Hence, we evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of K. pastoris KM71H in a model of antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis in male Swiss mice. The mice received clindamycin (200 μg, intraperitoneal) and, after 24 h, were treated with K. pastoris KM71H at a dose of 8 log CFU/animal by intragastric administration (ig) or PBS (vehicle, ig) for 14 consecutive days. Afterward, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests and biochemical analyses. Our results showed that K. pastoris KM71H administration decreased the immobility time in the tail suspension test and increased grooming activity duration in the splash test in antibiotic-treated mice, thereby characterizing its antidepressant-like effect. We observed that these effects of K. pastoris KM71H were accompanied by the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, preservation of intestinal barrier integrity, and restoration of the mRNA levels of occludin, zonula occludens-1, zonula occludens-2, and toll-like receptor-4 in the small intestine, and interleukin-1β in the hippocampi of mice. Our findings provide solid evidence to support the development of K. pastoris KM71H as a new probiotic with antidepressant-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma T Birmann
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technologic Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Angela M Casaril
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technologic Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pesarico
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technologic Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Rodrigues
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R Conceição
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Severo Sabedra Sousa
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Technologic Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
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19
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Zheng Z, Hu Y, Tang J, Xu W, Zhu W, Zhang W. The implication of gut microbiota in recovery from gastrointestinal surgery. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1110787. [PMID: 36926517 PMCID: PMC10011459 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery from gastrointestinal (GI) surgery is often interrupted by the unpredictable occurrence of postoperative complications, including infections, anastomotic leak, GI dysmotility, malabsorption, cancer development, and cancer recurrence, in which the implication of gut microbiota is beginning to emerge. Gut microbiota can be imbalanced before surgery due to the underlying disease and its treatment. The immediate preparations for GI surgery, including fasting, mechanical bowel cleaning, and antibiotic intervention, disrupt gut microbiota. Surgical removal of GI segments also perturbs gut microbiota due to GI tract reconstruction and epithelial barrier destruction. In return, the altered gut microbiota contributes to the occurrence of postoperative complications. Therefore, understanding how to balance the gut microbiota during the perioperative period is important for surgeons. We aim to overview the current knowledge to investigate the role of gut microbiota in recovery from GI surgery, focusing on the crosstalk between gut microbiota and host in the pathogenesis of postoperative complications. A comprehensive understanding of the postoperative response of the GI tract to the altered gut microbiota provides valuable cues for surgeons to preserve the beneficial functions and suppress the adverse effects of gut microbiota, which will help to enhance recovery from GI surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Banaszak M, Górna I, Woźniak D, Przysławski J, Drzymała-Czyż S. Association between Gut Dysbiosis and the Occurrence of SIBO, LIBO, SIFO and IMO. Microorganisms 2023; 11:573. [PMID: 36985147 PMCID: PMC10052891 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is the aggregate of all microorganisms in the human digestive system. There are 1014 CFU/mL of such microorganisms in the human body, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea and protozoa. The Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes bacteria phyla comprise 90% of the human gut microbiota. The microbiota support the healthy functioning of the human body by helping with digestion (mainly via short-chain fatty acids and amino acids) and producing short-chain fatty acids. In addition, it exhibits many physiological functions, such as forming the intestinal epithelium, intestinal integrity maintenance, the production of vitamins, and protection against pathogens. An altered composition or the number of microorganisms, known as dysbiosis, disrupts the body's homeostasis and can lead to the development of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and allergies. Several types of disruptions to the gut microbiota have been identified: SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth), LIBO (Large Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth), SIFO (Small Intestinal Fungal Overgrowth), and IMO (Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth). General gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea and constipation are the main symptoms of dysbiosis. They lead to malabsorption, nutrient deficiencies, anaemia and hypoproteinaemia. Increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) permeability, stimulating the inflammatory response and resulting in chronic inflammation, has been identified as the leading cause of microbial overgrowth in the gut. The subject literature is extensive but of limited quality. Despite the recent interest in the gut microbiome and its disorders, more clinical research is needed to determine the pathophysiology, effective treatments, and prevention of small and large intestinal microbiota overgrowth. This review was designed to provide an overview of the available literature on intestinal microbial dysbiosis (SIBO, LIBO, SIFO and IMO) and to determine whether it represents a real threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Banaszak
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ilona Górna
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Woźniak
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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21
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Improving Prescribing for Otitis Media in a Pediatric Emergency Unit: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Pediatr Qual Saf 2023; 8:e625. [PMID: 36698438 PMCID: PMC9845014 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a commonly overtreated pediatric diagnosis. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends shorter antibiotic courses and wait-and-see prescriptions (WSPs) for healthy children with mild-to-moderate AOM. Still, clinicians do not consistently prescribe these in pediatric emergency units (EUs). Methods We performed a quality improvement project to improve antibiotic prescribing in a tertiary pediatric EU over 16 months, focusing on shorter prescription durations and WSPs. We assessed AOM management via chart review, then implemented interventions, including clinician education, a guideline card, visual reminders, and updated emails. In addition, we contacted a percentage of families after their visit to assess their child's outcome and parental satisfaction. Results Our baseline data showed that only 39% of patients prescribed antibiotics were prescribed an appropriate duration based on age and estimated AOM severity, and only 3% were prescribed WSPs. Via 2 plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, we increased the percentage of patients who received appropriate antibiotics to an average of 67%, sustained for >6 months. Follow-up phone calls suggested no difference in satisfaction or need for nonroutine follow-up care based on prescription length. We did not see a substantial increase in WSPs. Conclusions AOM management in our children's hospital's EU was often inconsistent with AAP guidelines. Two PDSA cycles improved the rate of appropriate duration antibiotics, and follow-up phone calls suggested no difference in satisfaction or need for nonroutine follow-up care based on prescription length. The next steps involve developing an order set and implementing individualized feedback.
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Lawenius L, Cowardin C, Grahnemo L, Scheffler JM, Horkeby K, Engdahl C, Wu J, Vandenput L, Koskela A, Tukkanen J, Coward E, Hveem K, Langhammer A, Abrahamsson S, Gordon JI, Sjögren K, Ohlsson C. Transplantation of gut microbiota from old mice into young healthy mice reduces lean mass but not bone mass. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2236755. [PMID: 37475479 PMCID: PMC10364652 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2236755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with low bone and lean mass as well as alterations in the gut microbiota (GM). In this study, we determined whether the reduced bone mass and relative lean mass observed in old mice could be transferred to healthy young mice by GM transplantation (GMT). GM from old (21-month-old) and young adult (5-month-old) donors was used to colonize germ-free (GF) mice in three separate studies involving still growing 5- or 11-week-old recipients and 17-week-old recipients with minimal bone growth. The GM of the recipient mice was similar to that of the donors, demonstrating successful GMT. GM from old mice did not have statistically significant effects on bone mass or bone strength, but significantly reduced the lean mass percentage of still growing recipient mice when compared with recipients of GM from young adult mice. The levels of propionate in the cecum of mice receiving old donor GM were significantly lower than those in mice receiving young adult donor GM. Bacteroides ovatus was enriched in the microbiota of recipient mice harboring GM from young adult donors. The presence of B. ovatus was not only significantly associated with high lean mass percentage in mice, but also with lean mass adjusted for fat mass in the large human HUNT cohort. In conclusion, GM from old mice reduces lean mass percentage but not bone mass in young, healthy, still growing recipient mice. Future studies are warranted to determine whether GM from young mice improves the musculoskeletal phenotype of frail elderly recipient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lawenius
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carrie Cowardin
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia M. Scheffler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Horkeby
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eivind Coward
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Sanna Abrahamsson
- Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Eckert EM, Galafassi S, Bastidas Navarro M, Di Cesare A, Corno G. Increased similarity of aquatic bacterial communities of different origin after antibiotic disturbance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120568. [PMID: 36351482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic or deterministic processes control the bacterial community assembly in waters and their understanding is a fundamental question to correctly manage aquatic environments exposed to the release of antibiotics from anthropogenic sources. It has been suggested that microdiversity (i.e. the rare biosphere) convers freshwater communities with stability, meaning that previously rare taxa bloom when the community is disturbed. Since there might be a seed bank of similar, but not abundant, bacterial taxa in different waters, we tested whether a disturbance by an antibiotic cocktail would increase similarity in bacterial communities from different freshwater systems (a wastewater effluent and two lakes). In a continuous culture set-up in chemostats, we show that disturbance with antibiotics causes communities from different environments to become more similar. Once the antibiotic pressure is released the communities tend to become more dissimilar again. This shows that there is a similar shift in community composition even in waters from very different origins when they are disturbed by antibiotics, even at low concentrations. Antibiotics impact the bacterial communities at the cell and the community level, independently by the original degree of anthropogenic stress they are adapted to, altering the original phenotypes, genotypes, and the relations between bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M Eckert
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, (CNR-IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvia Galafassi
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, (CNR-IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Marcela Bastidas Navarro
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional Del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, (CNR-IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, (CNR-IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy.
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24
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Yu J, Cheon JH. Microbial Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e44. [PMID: 36627937 PMCID: PMC9807960 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is one of prominent features in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) which are of an unknown etiology. Although the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and gut dysbiosis remains to be elucidated, one area of research has focused on the management of IBD by modulating and correcting gut dysbiosis. The use of antibiotics, probiotics either with or without prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors are representative methods for modulating the intestinal microbiota ecosystem. The gut microbiota is not a simple assembly of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but a complex organ-like community system composed of numerous kinds of microorganisms. Thus, studies on specific changes in the gut microbiota depending on which treatment option is applied are very limited. Here, we review previous studies on microbial modulation as a therapeutic option for IBD and its significance in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwook Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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25
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Lekang K, Shekhar S, Berild D, Petersen FC, Winther-Larsen HC. Effects of different amoxicillin treatment durations on microbiome diversity and composition in the gut. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275737. [PMID: 36301847 PMCID: PMC9612567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics seize an effect on bacterial composition and diversity and have been demonstrated to induce disruptions on gut microbiomes. This may have implications for human health and wellbeing, and an increasing number of studies suggest a link between the gut microbiome and several diseases. Hence, reducing antibiotic treatments may be beneficial for human health status. Further, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global problem that can be counteracted by limiting the usage of antibiotics. Longer antibiotic treatments have been demonstrated to increase the development of AMR. Therefore, shortening of antibiotic treatment durations, provided it is safe for patients, may be one measure to reduce AMR. In this study, the objective was to investigate effects of standard and reduced antibiotic treatment lengths on gut microbiomes using a murine model. Changes in the murine gut microbiome was assessed after using three different treatment durations of amoxicillin (3, 7 or 14 days) as well as a control group not receiving amoxicillin. Fecal samples were collected before and during the whole experiment, until three weeks past end of treatment. These were further subject for 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Our results demonstrated significant changes in bacterial diversity, richness and evenness during amoxicillin treatment, followed by a reversion in terms of alpha-diversity and abundance of major phyla, after end of treatment. However, a longer restitution time was indicated for mice receiving amoxicillin for 14 days, and phylum Patescibacteria did not fully recover. In addition, an effect on the composition of Firmicutes was indicated to last for at least three weeks in mice treated with amoxicillin for 14 days. Despite an apparently reversion to a close to original state in overall bacterial diversity and richness, the results suggested more durable changes in lower taxonomical levels. We detected several families, genera and ASVs with significantly altered abundance three weeks after exposure to amoxicillin, as well as bacterial taxa that appeared significantly affected by amoxicillin treatment length. This may strengthen the argument for shorter antibiotic treatment regimens to both limit the emergence of antibiotic resistance and risk of gut microbiome disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Lekang
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudhanshu Shekhar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Berild
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanne C. Winther-Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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26
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Wen R, Li C, Zhao M, Wang H, Tang Y. Withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters in China and its impact on the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter coli of swine origin. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1004725. [PMID: 36160189 PMCID: PMC9495300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been used as feed additives to improve feed efficiency in food animals for more than six decades. However, the wide use of AGPs has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens of animal origin, posing a significant threat to food safety and public health. China prohibited the addition of AGPs to animal feed from July 2020. The impacts caused by the withdrawal of AGPs on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens have not been illustrated. Here, a total of 471 strains of Campylobacter were isolated from pigs from three pig farms and two slaughterhouses in Sichuan Province for 4 consecutive years (2018–2021), including 2 years before and 2 years after the ban on AGPs in China. The isolation rate of Campylobacter had a slight increase after prohibiting the addition of AGPs to the feed. Contrary to what we expected, the antibiotic susceptibility test and WGS data showed that the antibiotic resistance to gentamicin and florfenicol and the abundance of virulence genes increased significantly after the ban of AGPs. Comparison of the isolates of swine origin with isolates of human origin indicated the potential of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter transmission from pigs to humans. These data suggested that phasing out AGPs may lead to increased use of therapeutic antimicrobials, promoting the prevalence and transmission of both antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongning Wang,
| | - Yizhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Yizhi Tang,
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27
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Temmerman R, Ghanbari M, Antonissen G, Schatzmayr G, Duchateau L, Haesebrouck F, Garmyn A, Devreese M. Dose-dependent impact of enrofloxacin on broiler chicken gut resistome is mitigated by synbiotic application. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869538. [PMID: 35992659 PMCID: PMC9386515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone agents are considered critical for human medicine by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, they are often used for the treatment of avian colibacillosis in poultry production, creating considerable concern regarding the potential spread of fluoroquinolone resistance genes from commensals to pathogens. Therefore, there is a need to understand the impact of fluoroquinolone application on the reservoir of ARGs in poultry gut and devise means to circumvent potential resistome expansion. Building upon a recent dose optimization effort, we used shotgun metagenomics to investigate the time-course change in the cecal microbiome and resistome of broiler chickens receiving an optimized dosage [12.5 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day], with or without synbiotic supplementation (PoultryStar®, BIOMIN GmbH), and a high dosage of enrofloxacin (50 mg/kg bw/day). Compared to the high dose treatment, the low (optimized) dose of enrofloxacin caused the most significant perturbations in the cecal microbiota and resistome of the broiler chickens, demonstrated by a lower cecal microbiota diversity while substantially increasing the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) resistome diversity. Withdrawal of antibiotics resulted in a pronounced reduction in ARG diversity. Chickens receiving the synbiotic treatment had the lowest diversity and number of enriched ARGs, suggesting an alleviating impact on the burden of the gut resistome. Some Proteobacteria were significantly increased in the cecal metagenome of chickens receiving enrofloxacin and showed a positive association with increased ARG burden. Differential abundance (DA) analysis revealed a significant increase in the abundance of ARGs encoding resistance to macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramins (MLS), aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines over the period of enrofloxacin application, with the optimized dosage application resulting in a twofold higher number of affected ARG compared to high dosage application. Our results provide novel insights into the dose-dependent effects of clinically important enrofloxacin application in shaping the broiler gut resistome, which was mitigated by a synbiotic application. The contribution to ameliorating the adverse effects of antimicrobial agents, that is, lowering the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes, on the poultry and potentially other livestock gastrointestinal microbiomes and resistomes merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Temmerman
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Duchateau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Biometrics Research Center, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Garmyn
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Zhang ZJ, Lehmann CJ, Cole CG, Pamer EG. Translating Microbiome Research From and To the Clinic. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:435-460. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-022206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has elucidated the influence of the gut microbiota on human health and disease susceptibility and resistance. We review recent clinical and laboratory-based experimental studies associating the gut microbiota with certain human diseases. We also highlight ongoing translational advances that manipulate the gut microbiota to treat human diseases and discuss opportunities and challenges in translating microbiome research from and to the bedside. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrun J. Zhang
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Cody G. Cole
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Peng M, Wang C, Wang Z, Huang X, Zhou F, Yan S, Liu X. Differences between the effects of plant species and compartments on microbiome composition in two halophyte Suaeda species. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12475-12488. [PMID: 35593105 PMCID: PMC9275862 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2076009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-related or endophytic microbes in halophytes play an important role in adaptation to extreme saline environments. However, there have been few comparisons of microbial distribution patterns in different tissues associated with halophytes. Here, we analyzed the bacterial communities and distribution patterns of the rhizospheres and tissue endosphere in two Suaeda species (S. salsa and S. corniculata Bunge) using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial abundance and diversity in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than that of endophytic, but lower than that of bulk soil. Microbial-diversity analysis showed that the dominant phyla of all samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes, among which Proteobacteria were extremely abundant in all the tissue endosphere. Heatmap and Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) results showed that there were notable differences in microbial community composition related to plant compartments. Different networks based on plant compartments exhibited distinct topological features. Additionally, the bulk soil and rhizosphere networks were more complex and showed higher centrality and connectedness than the three endosphere networks. These results strongly suggested that plant compartments, and not species, affect microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Peng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei, China
| | - Fangzhen Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei, China
| | - Shaopeng Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei, China
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Kim JY, Bang SJ, Kim JY, Choi EJ, Heo K, Shim JJ, Lee JL. The Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002 Potentially Improves the Mucosal Integrity of an Altered Intestinal Microbial Environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817591. [PMID: 35572671 PMCID: PMC9102380 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota mediate the development and regulation of the intestinal immune system either directly or indirectly. Particularly, Bifidobacterium spp. play an important role in regulating the intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier. We demonstrated that Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002, selected from eight Bifidobacterium strains by in vitro experimentation, had exceptional resistance to digestive tract conditions and high adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and a positive effect on immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion by Peyer’s patch cells. Moreover, HY8002 restored the expression of tight junction-related genes, initially reduced by lipopolysaccharide treatment, to normal levels in human intestinal epithelial cells. Notably, HY8002 restored kanamycin-induced reduction in Peyer’s patch cell numbers, serum and fecal IgA levels, and zonula occludens 1 and Toll-like receptor 2 levels in the mouse small intestine. In addition, HY8002 restores microbiome composition disturbed by kanamycin, and these microbiome changes have been found to correlate with TLR2 levels in the small intestine. Moreover, the ability of HY8002 to enhance IgA in Peyer’s patch cells and ZO-1 levels in intestinal epithelial cells was significantly inhibited by a TLR2 blocking antibody, which suggests that the HY8002 improve intestinal barrier function via TLR2. Finally, whole-genome sequencing of HY8002 revealed that it did not possess any known virulence factors. Therefore, HY8002 is a promising, functional probiotic supplement to improve intestinal barrier function by improving intestinal immunity and microbiota balance.
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Changes to Gut Microbiota Following Systemic Antibiotic Administration in Infants. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040470. [PMID: 35453221 PMCID: PMC9025670 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term antibiotic use can have consequences on systemic diseases, such as obesity, allergy, and depression, implicating the causal role of gut microbiome imbalance. However, the evaluation of the effect of antibiotics in early infancy on alterations to the gut microbiome remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the gut microbiome state in infancy following systemic antibiotic treatment. Twenty infants under 3 months of age who had received antibiotics for at least 3 days were enrolled, and their fecal samples were collected 4 weeks after antibiotic administration finished. Thirty-four age-matched healthy controls without prior exposure to antibiotics were also assessed. The relative bacterial abundance in feces was obtained via sequencing of 16 S rRNA genes, and alpha and beta diversities were evaluated. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and Bifidobacterium increased (p = 0.03 and p = 0.017, respectively) but that of Bacteroides decreased (p = 0.02) in the antibiotic treatment group. The microbiome of the antibiotic treatment group exhibited an alpha diversity lower than that of the control group. Thus, systemic antibiotic administration in early infancy affects the gut microbiome composition even after a month has passed; long-term studies are needed to further evaluate this.
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32
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Strain R, Stanton C, Ross RP. Effect of diet on pathogen performance in the microbiome. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:13. [PMID: 38045644 PMCID: PMC10688830 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2021.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intricate interactions among commensal bacteria, dietary substrates and immune responses are central to defining microbiome community composition, which plays a key role in preventing enteric pathogen infection, a dynamic phenomenon referred to as colonisation resistance. However, the impact of diet on sculpting microbiota membership, and ultimately colonisation resistance has been overlooked. Furthermore, pathogens have evolved strategies to evade colonisation resistance and outcompete commensal microbiota by using unique nutrient utilisation pathways, by exploiting microbial metabolites as nutrient sources or by environmental cues to induce virulence gene expression. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between diet, microbiota and their associated metabolites, and how these can contribute to or preclude pathogen survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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Rodenhouse A, Talukder MAH, Lee JI, Govindappa PK, O'Brien M, Manto KM, Lloyd K, Wandling GD, Wright JR, Chen See JR, Anderson SL, Lamendella R, Hegarty JP, Elfar JC. Altered gut microbiota composition with antibiotic treatment impairs functional recovery after traumatic peripheral nerve crush injury in mice: effects of probiotics with butyrate producing bacteria. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:80. [PMID: 35197129 PMCID: PMC8867741 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibiotics (ABX) are widely used for life-threatening infections and also for routine surgical operations. Compelling evidence suggests that ABX-induced alterations of gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, are linked with diverse disease states including neurological and neurodegenerative conditions. To combat the consequences of dysbiosis, probiotics (PBX) are widely used. ABX-induced dysbiosis is reported to impair neurological function after spinal cord injury. Traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI) results in profound neurologic impairment and permanent disability. It is unknown whether ABX treatment-induced dysbiosis has any impact on TPNI-induced functional recovery, and if so, what role medical-grade PBX could have on TPNI recovery. RESULTS In this study, ABX-induced dysbiosis and PBX-induced microbiota enrichment models were used to explore the potential role of gut microbiome in TPNI. Stool analysis with 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing confirmed ABX-induced dysbiosis and revealed that ABX-induced changes could be partially restored by PBX administration with an abundance of butyrate producing bacteria. Pre-injury ABX significantly impaired, but pre-injury PBX significantly improved post-TPNI functional recovery. Importantly, post-injury PBX protected against pre-injury ABX-induced functional impairment. These findings demonstrate that reestablishment of gut microbiota composition with butyrate producing PBX during ABX-induced dysbiosis could be a useful adjuvant therapy for TPNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rodenhouse
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - M A Hassan Talukder
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Jung Il Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Prem Kumar Govindappa
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mary O'Brien
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kristen M Manto
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey Lloyd
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Grant D Wandling
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Regina Lamendella
- Wright Labs LLC, Huntingdon, PA, USA
- Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA, USA
| | - John P Hegarty
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - John C Elfar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Mail code H089, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box-850, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Gupta A, Singh V, Mani I. Dysbiosis of human microbiome and infectious diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:33-51. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the leading pandemic facing the world in 2019/2020; it is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which necessitates clear understanding of the infectious agent. The virus manifests aggressive behavior with severe clinical presentation and high mortality rate, especially among the elderly and patients living with chronic diseases. In the recent years, the role of gut microbiota, in health and disease, has been progressively studied and highlighted. It is through gut microbiota-organ bidirectional pathways, such as gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis, and gut-lung axis, that the role of gut microbiota in prompting lung disease, among other diseases, has been proposed and accepted. It is also known that respiratory viral infections, such as COVID-19, induce alterations in the gut microbiota, which can influence immunity. Based on the fact that gut microbiota diversity is decreased in old age and in patients with certain chronic diseases, which constitute two of the primary fatality groups in COVID-19 infections, it can be assumed that the gut microbiota may play a role in COVID-19 pathology and fatality rate. Improving gut microbiota diversity through personalized nutrition and supplementation with prebiotics/probiotics will mend the immunity of the body and hence could be one of the prophylactic strategies by which the impact of COVID-19 can be minimized in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. In this chapter, the role of dysbiosis in COVID-19 will be clarified and the possibility of using co-supplementation of personalized prebiotics/probiotics with current therapies will be discussed.
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36
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Jose A, Apewokin S, Hussein WE, Ollberding NJ, Elwing JM, Haslam DB. A unique gut microbiota signature in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A pilot study. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12051. [PMID: 35506110 PMCID: PMC9052999 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, ultimately fatal cardiopulmonary disease associated with a number of physiologic changes, which is believed to result in imbalances in the intestinal microbiota. To date, comprehensive investigational analysis of the intestinal microbiota in human subjects is still limited. To address this, we performed a pilot study of the intestinal microbiome in 20 PAH and 20 non-PAH healthy control subjects, recruited from a single center, with each PAH subject recruited simultaneously with a cohabitating non-PAH control subject. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the microbiome profiles. There were no differences between PAH and non-PAH subjects across several measures of microbial abundance and diversity (Alpha Diversity, Beta Diversity, F/B ratio). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae bacterium GAM79 was lower in PAH stool samples as compared to non-PAH control subject' stool. There was no strong or reproducible association between PAH disease severity and global microbial abundance, but several bacterial species (a relative abundance of Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans and a relative deficiency of Amedibacterium intestinale, Ruminococcus bicirculans, and Ruminococcus albus species were associated with disease severity (most proximal right heart catheterization hemodynamics and six-minute walk test distance) in PAH subjects. Our results support further investigation into the presence, significance, and potential physiologic effects of a PAH-specific intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Senu Apewokin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Walaa E. Hussein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Jean M. Elwing
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - David B. Haslam
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
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Hansen ZA, Cha W, Nohomovich B, Newton DW, Lephart P, Salimnia H, Khalife W, Shade A, Rudrik JT, Manning SD. Comparing gut resistome composition among patients with acute Campylobacter infections and healthy family members. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22368. [PMID: 34785751 PMCID: PMC8595376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter commonly causes foodborne infections and antibiotic resistance is an imminent concern. It is not clear, however, if the human gut 'resistome' is affected by Campylobacter during infection. Application of shotgun metagenomics on stools from 26 cases with Campylobacter infections and 44 healthy family members (controls) identified 406 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) representing 153 genes/operons, 40 mechanisms, and 18 classes. Cases had greater ARG richness (p < 0.0001) and Shannon diversity (p < 0.0001) than controls with distinct compositions (p = 0.000999; PERMANOVA). Cases were defined by multidrug resistance genes and were dominated by Proteobacteria (40.8%), specifically those representing Escherichia (20.9%). Tetracycline resistance genes were most abundant in controls, which were dominated by Bacteroidetes (45.3%) and Firmicutes (44.4%). Hierarchical clustering of cases identified three clusters with distinct resistomes. Case clusters 1 and 3 differed from controls containing more urban and hospitalized patients. Relative to family members of the same household, ARG composition among matched cases was mostly distinct, though some familial controls had similar profiles that could be explained by a shorter time since exposure to the case. Together, these data indicate that Campylobacter infection is associated with an altered resistome composition and increased ARG diversity, raising concerns about the role of infection in the spread of resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Hansen
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Wonhee Cha
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brian Nohomovich
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Paul Lephart
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley Shade
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - James T Rudrik
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI, 48913, USA
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Wang Y, Li Z, Ma L, Li G, Han K, Liu Z, Wang H, Xu B. The Native Dietary Habits of the Two Sympatric Bee Species and Their Effects on Shaping Midgut Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738226. [PMID: 34690980 PMCID: PMC8529121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbial community composition of different bee species typically has host specificity, yet little is known about the underlying formation mechanism. There are signs that dietary habits vary in different bee species, suggesting that there may be close relationships between dietary habits and intestinal microorganisms. We explored this hypothesis by comparing the dietary habits and gut microbiota of two common bee species (Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana cerana) in China. Bee bread and midgut samples from wild and laboratory-reared bees were collected, and the differences in intestinal microbial community composition and growth and development before and after the change in dietary habits of different bee species were compared. We found that the two sympatric species had different dietary specializations and similar metagenomic diversities. The microbiota composition differed between the two species. Moreover, we revealed that changes in native dietary habits destroyed the intestinal microbiota community composition, negatively affecting the growth and development of honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhenfang Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lanting Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Guilin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Bornbusch SL, Harris RL, Grebe NM, Roche K, Dimac-Stohl K, Drea CM. Antibiotics and fecal transfaunation differentially affect microbiota recovery, associations, and antibiotic resistance in lemur guts. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:65. [PMID: 34598739 PMCID: PMC8485508 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics alter the diversity, structure, and dynamics of host-associated microbial consortia, including via development of antibiotic resistance; however, patterns of recovery from microbial imbalances and methods to mitigate associated negative effects remain poorly understood, particularly outside of human-clinical and model-rodent studies that focus on outcome over process. To improve conceptual understanding of host-microbe symbiosis in more naturalistic contexts, we applied an ecological framework to a non-traditional, strepsirrhine primate model via long-term, multi-faceted study of microbial community structure before, during, and following two experimental manipulations. Specifically, we administered a broad-spectrum antibiotic, either alone or with subsequent fecal transfaunation, to healthy, male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), then used 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to longitudinally track the diversity, composition, associations, and resistomes of their gut microbiota both within and across baseline, treatment, and recovery phases. RESULTS Antibiotic treatment resulted in a drastic decline in microbial diversity and a dramatic alteration in community composition. Whereas microbial diversity recovered rapidly regardless of experimental group, patterns of microbial community composition reflected long-term instability following treatment with antibiotics alone, a pattern that was attenuated by fecal transfaunation. Covariation analysis revealed that certain taxa dominated bacterial associations, representing potential keystone species in lemur gut microbiota. Antibiotic resistance genes, which were universally present, including in lemurs that had never been administered antibiotics, varied across individuals and treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Long-term, integrated study post antibiotic-induced microbial imbalance revealed differential, metric-dependent evidence of recovery, with beneficial effects of fecal transfaunation on recovering community composition, and potentially negative consequences to lemur resistomes. Beyond providing new perspectives on the dynamics that govern host-associated communities, particularly in the Anthropocene era, our holistic study in an endangered species is a first step in addressing the recent, interdisciplinary calls for greater integration of microbiome science into animal care and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel L. Harris
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Grebe
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Kimberly Roche
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | - Christine M. Drea
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, USA
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40
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Pennycook JH, Scanlan PD. Ecological and Evolutionary responses to Antibiotic Treatment in the Human Gut Microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab018. [PMID: 33822937 PMCID: PMC8498795 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for antibiotics to affect the ecology and evolution of the human gut microbiota is well recognised and has wide-ranging implications for host health. Here, we review the findings of key studies that surveyed the human gut microbiota during antibiotic treatment. We find several broad patterns including the loss of diversity, disturbance of community composition, suppression of bacteria in the Actinobacteria phylum, amplification of bacteria in the Bacteroidetes phylum, and promotion of antibiotic resistance. Such changes to the microbiota were often, but not always, recovered following the end of treatment. However, many studies reported unique and/or contradictory results, which highlights our inability to meaningfully predict or explain the effects of antibiotic treatment on the human gut microbiome. This problem arises from variation between existing studies in three major categories: differences in dose, class and combinations of antibiotic treatments used; differences in demographics, lifestyles, and locations of subjects; and differences in measurements, analyses and reporting styles used by researchers. To overcome this, we suggest two integrated approaches: (i) a top-down approach focused on building predictive models through large sample sizes, deep metagenomic sequencing, and effective collaboration; and (ii) a bottom-up reductionist approach focused on testing hypotheses using model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hugh Pennycook
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Mirobiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Pauline Deirdre Scanlan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Mirobiology, Food Science & Technology Building, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
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41
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Roberto M, Carconi C, Cerreti M, Schipilliti FM, Botticelli A, Mazzuca F, Marchetti P. The Challenge of ICIs Resistance in Solid Tumours: Could Microbiota and Its Diversity Be Our Secret Weapon? Front Immunol 2021; 12:704942. [PMID: 34489956 PMCID: PMC8417795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota and its functional interaction with the human body were recently returned to the spotlight of the scientific community. In light of the extensive implementation of newer and increasingly precise genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and culturomic, we now have an extraordinary ability to study the microorganisms that live within the human body. Most of the recent studies only focused on the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and one other factor. Considering the complexity of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers, our aim was to investigate how microbiota is affected by intestinal microenvironment and how microenvironment alterations may influence the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this context, we show how diet is emerging as a fundamental determinant of microbiota’s community structure and function. Particularly, we describe the role of certain dietary factors, as well as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics in modifying the human microbiota. The modulation of gut microbiota may be a secret weapon to potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapies. In addition, this review sheds new light on the possibility of administering fecal microbiota transplantation to modulate the gut microbiota in cancer treatment. These concepts and how these findings can be translated into the therapeutic response to cancer immunotherapies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Carconi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Cerreti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Matilde Schipilliti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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42
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Luna M, Guss JD, Vasquez-Bolanos LS, Castaneda M, Rojas MV, Strong JM, Alabi DA, Dornevil SD, Nixon JC, Taylor EA, Donnelly E, Fu X, Shea MK, Booth SL, Bicalho R, Hernandez CJ. Components of the Gut Microbiome That Influence Bone Tissue-Level Strength. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1823-1834. [PMID: 33999456 PMCID: PMC8793322 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modifications to the constituents of the gut microbiome influence bone density and tissue-level strength, but the specific microbial components that influence tissue-level strength in bone are not known. Here, we selectively modify constituents of the gut microbiota using narrow-spectrum antibiotics to identify components of the microbiome associated with changes in bone mechanical and material properties. Male C57BL/6J mice (4 weeks) were divided into seven groups (n = 7-10/group) and had taxa within the gut microbiome removed through dosing with: (i) ampicillin; (ii) neomycin; (iii) vancomycin; (iv) metronidazole; (v) a cocktail of all four antibiotics together (with zero-calorie sweetener to ensure intake); (vi) zero-calorie sweetener only; or (vii) no additive (untreated) for 12 weeks. Individual antibiotics remove only some taxa from the gut, while the cocktail of all four removes almost all microbes. After accounting for differences in geometry, whole bone strength was reduced in animals with gut microbiome modified by neomycin (-28%, p = 0.002) and was increased in the group in which the gut microbiome was altered by sweetener alone (+39%, p < 0.001). Analysis of the fecal microbiota detected seven lower-ranked taxa differentially abundant in animals with impaired tissue-level strength and 14 differentially abundant taxa associated with increased tissue-level strength. Histological and serum markers of bone turnover and trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) did not differ among groups. These findings demonstrate that modifications to the taxonomic components of the gut microbiome have the potential to decrease or increase tissue-level strength of bone independent of bone quantity and without noticeable changes in bone turnover. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marysol Luna
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Guss
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Macy Castaneda
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Vargas Rojas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jasmin M Strong
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Denise A Alabi
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sophie D Dornevil
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jacob C Nixon
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Kyla Shea
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Bicalho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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43
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Luo J, Wang Z, Fan B, Wang L, Liu M, An Z, Zhao X. A comparative study of the effects of different fucoidans on cefoperazone-induced gut microbiota disturbance and intestinal inflammation. Food Funct 2021; 12:9087-9097. [PMID: 34388231 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic abuse can lead to gut microbiota disturbance and intestinal inflammation, which in turn may lead to serious inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndromes. To investigate the effect of fucoidan on alleviation of the side effects of antibiotics and its structure-activity relationship, we compared the effects of two fucoidan fractions with medium and low molecular weights (MF and LF) from Laminaria japonica on microbiota dysbiosis, colonic inflammation and intestinal mucosal damage in a cefoperazone-induced intestinal injury mouse model. Our results showed that oral administration of 200 mg kg-1 LF (Mw = 1.13 kDa) and MF (Mw = 26.7 kDa) together with 100 mg kg-1 cefoperazone for 10 days could significantly alleviate weight loss, colon shortening and enlargement, mucosal structural damage in the small intestine, cecum and colon induced by cefoperazone in mice. Meanwhile, LF and MF also significantly suppressed the overproduction of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 in the colon; however, LF can restore the decrease in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the small intestine and the decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 in the cecum induced by cefoperazone in mice. We found that the molecular weight of fucoidan plays an important role in the regulation of the gut microbiota in antibiotic-treated mice. Interestingly, fucoidans with different molecular weights resulted in quite different caecal microbiota communities. MF exhibited a much better effect on the restoration of the gut microbiota community richness and diversity and the beneficial bacterium Muribaculaceae. However, LF resulted in the dominance of bacteria including Staphylococcus in cefoperazone treated mice, without an increase in the community richness and diversity of caecal microbiota. In the LF and MF treated mice, an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria, Muribaculaceae, Acinetobacter_lwoffii and Alloprevotella, and a decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria, e.g., Parasutterella, Helicobacter and Enterococcus were also observed. Considering the negative effect of LF on the gut microbiota, MF with a molecular weight of 26.7 kDa seemed to be a more suitable choice of prebiotics for patients receiving cefoperazone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanmei Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhan Wang
- Qingdao Central Medical Group, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Bin Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Mengyang Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zizhe An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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44
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Pellissery AJ, Vinayamohan PG, Kuttappan DA, Mishra N, Fragomeni BDO, Maas K, Mooyottu S, Venkitanarayanan K. Protective Effect of Baicalin against Clostridioides difficile Infection in Mice. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080926. [PMID: 34438975 PMCID: PMC8388895 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of baicalin (BC), a plant-derived flavone glycoside, in reducing the severity of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in a mouse model. In the prophylactic trial, C57BL/6 mice were provided with BC (0, 11, and 22 mg/L in drinking water) from 12 days before C. difficile challenge through the end of the experiment, whereas BC administration started day 1 post challenge in the therapeutic trial. Both challenge and control groups were infected with 106 CFU/mL of hypervirulent C. difficile BAA 1803 spores or sterile PBS, and the clinical and diarrheal scores were recorded for 10 days post challenge. On day 2 post challenge, fecal and tissue samples were collected from mice prophylactically administered with BC for microbiome and histopathologic analysis. Both prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation of BC significantly reduced the severity of colonic lesions and improved CDI clinical progression and outcome compared with control (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed a significant increase in Gammaproteobacteria and reduction in the abundance of protective microbiota (Firmicutes) in antibiotic-treated and C. difficile-infected mice compared with controls (p < 0.05). However, baicalin supplementation favorably altered the microbiome composition, as revealed by an increased abundance in beneficial bacteria, especially Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia. Our results warrant follow-up investigations on the use of BC as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy to control gut dysbiosis and reduce C. difficile infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Joseph Pellissery
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (A.J.P.); (D.A.K.); (B.O.F.)
| | | | - Deepa Ashwarya Kuttappan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (A.J.P.); (D.A.K.); (B.O.F.)
| | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Breno de Oliveira Fragomeni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (A.J.P.); (D.A.K.); (B.O.F.)
| | - Kendra Maas
- Microbial Analysis, Resources, and Services, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Shankumar Mooyottu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Kumar Venkitanarayanan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (A.J.P.); (D.A.K.); (B.O.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(860)-486-1957
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45
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Okamoto S, Ogai K, Mukai K, Sugama J. Association of Skin Microbiome with the Onset and Recurrence of Pressure Injury in Bedridden Elderly People. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081603. [PMID: 34442680 PMCID: PMC8400065 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure injuries have been identified as one of the main health hazards among bedridden elderly people. Bedridden elderly people often stay in the same position for a long time, because they cannot switch positions; thus, the blood flow in the part of the body that is being compressed between the bed and their own weight is continuously blocked. As a result, redness and ulcers occur due to lacking oxygen and nutrients in the skin tissues, and these sites are often infected with microorganisms and, thus, become suppurative wounds, a condition commonly determined as pressure injuries. If left untreated, the pressure injury will recur with microbial infections, often resulting in cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. The skin microbiome, in which many types of bacteria coexist, is formed on the skin surface. However, it remains unclear what characteristic of the skin microbiome among the bedridden elderly constitutes the development and severity of pressure injuries and the development of post-pressure injury infections. Thus, in this review article, we outlined the changes in the skin microbiome among the bedridden elderly people and their potential involvement in the onset and recurrence of pressure injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigefumi Okamoto
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- AI Hospital/Macro Signal Dynamics Research and Development Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan;
| | - Kanae Mukai
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan;
| | - Junko Sugama
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan;
- Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science Initiative, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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46
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Yao Y, Liu W, Li J, Zhou M, Qu C, Wang K. MPI-based bioinformatic analysis and co-inhibitory therapy with mannose for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2021; 38:103. [PMID: 34313879 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mannose induces tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits glucose metabolism by accumulating intracellularly as mannose 6-phosphate while the drug sensitivity of tumors is negatively correlated with mannose phosphate isomerase gene (MPI) expression. In this study, we performed a first attempt to explore the relationship between the targeted gene MPI and immune infiltration and genetic and clinical characteristics of head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) using computational algorithms and bioinformatic analysis, and further to verify the co-inhibition effects of mannose with genotoxicity, immune responses, and microbes dysbiosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro and in vivo. Our results found that patients with lower MPI expression had higher survival rate. The enhancement of MPI expression was in response to DNA damage gene, and ATM inhibitor was verified as a potential drug with a synergistic effect with mannose on HSC-3. In the HNSC, infiltrated immunocytes CD8+ T cell and B cell were the significantly reduced risk cells, while IL-22 and IFN-γ showed negative correlation with MPI. Finally, mannose could reverse immunophenotyping caused by antibiotics in mice, resulting in the decrease of CD8+ T cells and increase of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In conclusion, the MPI gene showed a significant correlation with immune infiltration and genetic and clinical characteristics of HNSC. The treatment of ATM inhibitor, immune regulating cells of CD8+ T cells and MDSCs, and oral microbiomes in combination with mannose could exhibit co-inhibitory therapeutic effect for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Heidebrecht HJ, Lagkouvardos I, Reitmeier S, Hengst C, Kulozik U, Pfaffl MW. Alteration of Intestinal Microbiome of Clostridioides difficile-Infected Hamsters during the Treatment with Specific Cow Antibodies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060724. [PMID: 34208527 PMCID: PMC8235726 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) often develops after pretreatment with antibiotics, which can lead to damage of the intestinal microbiome. The approach of this study was to use specific polyclonal antibodies isolated from the milk of immunized cows to treat CDI, in contrast to the standard application of nonspecific antibiotics. To gain a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiome in the treatment of CDI with bovine antibodies, stool and intestinal fluid samples of hamsters were collected in large quantities from various treatments (>400 samples). The results show that the regeneration of the microbiome instantly begins with the start of the antibody treatment, in contrast to the Vancomycin-treated group where the diversity decreased significantly during the treatment duration. All antibody-treated hamsters that survived the initial phase also survived the entire study period. The results also show that the regeneration of the microbiome was not an antibody-induced regeneration, but a natural regeneration that occurred because no microbiota-inactivating substances were administered. In conclusion, the treatment with bovine antibodies is a functional therapy for both the acute treatment and the prevention of recurrence in hamsters and could meet the urgent need for CDI treatment alternatives in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Heidebrecht
- Food- and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (C.H.); (U.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-8161713481
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & HealthCore Facility Microbiome, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany; (I.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandra Reitmeier
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & HealthCore Facility Microbiome, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany; (I.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Claudia Hengst
- Food- and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (C.H.); (U.K.)
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Food- and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (C.H.); (U.K.)
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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48
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Costantini PE, Firrincieli A, Fedi S, Parolin C, Viti C, Cappelletti M, Vitali B. Insight into phenotypic and genotypic differences between vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus BC5 and Lactobacillus gasseri BC12 to unravel nutritional and stress factors influencing their metabolic activity. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34096840 PMCID: PMC8461478 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The vaginal microbiota, normally characterized by lactobacilli presence, is crucial for vaginal health. Members belonging to L. crispatus and L. gasseri species exert crucial protective functions against pathogens, although a total comprehension of factors that influence their dominance in healthy women is still lacking. Here we investigated the complete genome sequence and comprehensive phenotypic profile of L. crispatus strain BC5 and L. gasseri strain BC12, two vaginal strains featured by anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities. Phenotype microarray (PM) results revealed an improved capacity of BC5 to utilize different carbon sources as compared to BC12, although some specific carbon sources that can be associated to the human diet were only metabolized by BC12, i.e. uridine, amygdalin, tagatose. Additionally, the two strains were mostly distinct in the capacity to utilize the nitrogen sources under analysis. On the other hand, BC12 showed tolerance/resistance towards twice the number of stressors (i.e. antibiotics, toxic metals etc.) with respect to BC5. The divergent phenotypes observed in PM were supported by the identification in either BC5 or BC12 of specific genetic determinants that were found to be part of the core genome of each species. The PM results in combination with comparative genome data provide insights into the possible environmental factors and genetic traits supporting the predominance of either L. crispatus BC5 or L. gasseri BC12 in the vaginal niche, giving also indications for metabolic predictions at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Firrincieli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fedi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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49
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Natural Food Polysaccharides Ameliorate Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Mechanisms. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061288. [PMID: 34199820 PMCID: PMC8227517 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides and their metabolites’ short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have attracted much attention. Recently, they have shown great potential in attenuating systemic inflammation activities, especially in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a complex pathological process and is related to epithelial damage and microbiota imbalance in the gut. Recent studies have indicated that natural polysaccharides could improve IBD recovery by different mechanisms. They could not only influence the ratio of intestine microbiota, but also regulate the secretion levels of immunity cytokines through multiple pathways, the latter including modulation of the TLR/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and stimulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, they could increase intestinal integrity and modulate oxidative stress. In this review, recent research about how natural polysaccharides impact the pathogenesis of IBD are summarized to prove the association between polysaccharides and disease recovery, which might contribute to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, improve intestine epithelial damage, reduce oxidative stress, sustain the balanced microenvironment of the intestines, and finally lower the risk of IBD.
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50
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Schubert N, Nichols HJ, Winternitz JC. How can the MHC mediate social odor via the microbiota community? A deep dive into mechanisms. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have long been linked to odor signaling and recently researchers’ attention has focused on MHC structuring of microbial communities and how this may in turn impact odor. However, understanding of the mechanisms through which the MHC could affect the microbiota to produce a chemical signal that is both reliable and strong enough to ensure unambiguous transmission of behaviorally important information remains poor. This is largely because empirical studies are rare, predictions are unclear, and the underlying immunological mechanisms governing MHC–microbiota interactions are often neglected. Here, we review the immunological processes involving MHC class II (MHC-II) that could affect the commensal community. Focusing on immunological and medical research, we provide background knowledge for nonimmunologists by describing key players within the vertebrate immune system relating to MHC-II molecules (which present extracellular-derived peptides, and thus interact with extracellular commensal microbes). We then systematically review the literature investigating MHC–odor–microbiota interactions in animals and identify areas for future research. These insights will help to design studies that are able to explore the role of MHC-II and the microbiota in the behavior of wild populations in their natural environment and consequently propel this research area forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schubert
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hazel J Nichols
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Jamie C Winternitz
- Department of Animal Behavior, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz, Bielefeld, Germany
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