1
|
da Cruz Nizer WS, Adams ME, Allison KN, Montgomery MC, Mosher H, Cassol E, Overhage J. Oxidative stress responses in biofilms. Biofilm 2024; 7:100203. [PMID: 38827632 PMCID: PMC11139773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidizing agents are low-molecular-weight molecules that oxidize other substances by accepting electrons from them. They include reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (HO-), and reactive chlorine species (RCS) including sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and its active ingredient hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and chloramines. Bacteria encounter oxidizing agents in many different environments and from diverse sources. Among them, they can be produced endogenously by aerobic respiration or exogenously by the use of disinfectants and cleaning agents, as well as by the mammalian immune system. Furthermore, human activities like industrial effluent pollution, agricultural runoff, and environmental activities like volcanic eruptions and photosynthesis are also sources of oxidants. Despite their antimicrobial effects, bacteria have developed many mechanisms to resist the damage caused by these toxic molecules. Previous research has demonstrated that growing as a biofilm particularly enhances bacterial survival against oxidizing agents. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the resistance mechanisms employed by bacterial biofilms against ROS and RCS, focussing on the most important mechanisms, including the formation of biofilms in response to oxidative stressors, the biofilm matrix as a protective barrier, the importance of detoxifying enzymes, and increased protection within multi-species biofilm communities. Understanding the complexity of bacterial responses against oxidative stress will provide valuable insights for potential therapeutic interventions and biofilm control strategies in diverse bacterial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison Elisabeth Adams
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Kira Noelle Allison
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hailey Mosher
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baz AA, Hao H, Lan S, Li Z, Liu S, Chen S, Chu Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps in bacterial infections and evasion strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357967. [PMID: 38433838 PMCID: PMC10906519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that have a vital role in host defense systems. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are one of neutrophils' defense mechanisms against pathogens. NETs comprise an ejected lattice of chromatin associated with histones, granular proteins, and cytosolic proteins. They are thought to be an efficient strategy to capture and/or kill bacteria and received intensive research interest in the recent years. However, soon after NETs were identified, it was observed that certain bacteria were able to evade NET entrapment through many different mechanisms. Here, we outline the recent progress of NETs in bacterial infections and the strategies employed by bacteria to evade or withstand NETs. Identifying the molecules and mechanisms that modulate NET release will improve our understanding of the functions of NETs in infections and provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Baz
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shimei Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ganio K, Nasreen M, Yang Z, Maunders EA, Luo Z, Hossain SI, Ngu DHY, Ellis D, Gu J, Neville SL, Wilksch J, Gunn AP, Whittall JJ, Kobe B, Deplazes E, Kappler U, McDevitt CA. Hfe Permease and Haemophilus influenzae Manganese Homeostasis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:436-452. [PMID: 38240689 PMCID: PMC10863617 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a commensal of the human upper respiratory tract that can infect diverse host niches due, at least in part, to its ability to withstand both endogenous and host-mediated oxidative stresses. Here, we show that hfeA, a gene previously linked to iron import, is essential for H. influenzae manganese recruitment via the HfeBCD transporter. Structural analyses show that metal binding in HfeA uses a unique mechanism that involves substantial rotation of the C-terminal lobe of the protein. Disruption of hfeA reduced H. influenzae manganese acquisition and was associated with decreased growth under aerobic conditions, impaired manganese-superoxide dismutase activity, reduced survival in macrophages, and changes in biofilm production in the presence of superoxide. Collectively, this work shows that HfeA contributes to H. influenzae manganese acquisition and virulence attributes. High conservation of the hfeABCD permease in Haemophilus species suggests that it may serve similar roles in other pathogenic Pasteurellaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ganio
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Marufa Nasreen
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zihao Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eve A. Maunders
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Zhenyao Luo
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sheikh Imamul Hossain
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Technology
Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dalton H. Y. Ngu
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Ellis
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Gu
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie L. Neville
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wilksch
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Adam P. Gunn
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jonathan J. Whittall
- School of
Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Boštjan Kobe
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Evelyne Deplazes
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Technology
Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher A. McDevitt
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection
and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao J, Su L, Huang S, Liu L, Ali K, Chen Z. Epidemic Trends and Biofilm Formation Mechanisms of Haemophilus influenzae: Insights into Clinical Implications and Prevention Strategies. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5359-5373. [PMID: 37605758 PMCID: PMC10440118 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s424468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is a significant pathogen responsible for causing respiratory tract infections and invasive diseases, leading to a considerable disease burden. The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine has notably decreased the incidence of severe infections caused by Hib strains, and other non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi) serotypes have emerged as epidemic strains worldwide. As a result, the global epidemic trends and antibiotic resistance characteristics of H. influenzae have been altered. Researches on the virulence factors of H. influenzae, particularly the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, and the development of anti-biofilm strategies hold significant clinical value. This article provides a summary of the epidemic trends, typing methods, virulence factors, biofilm formation mechanisms, and prevention strategies of H. influenzae. The increasing prevalence of NTHi strains and antibiotic resistance among H. influenzae, especially the high β-lactamase positivity and the emergence of BLNAR strains have increased clinical difficulties. Understanding its virulence factors, especially the formation mechanism of biofilm, and formulating effective anti-biofilm strategies may help to reduce the clinical impact. Therefore, future research efforts should focus on developing new approaches to prevent and control H. influenzae infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Xiao
- Department of Pulmonology, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Huang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyue Liu
- Department of Pulmonology, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wilbanks KQ, Mokrzan EM, Kesler TM, Kurbatfinski N, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae released from biofilm residence by monoclonal antibody directed against a biofilm matrix component display a vulnerable phenotype. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12959. [PMID: 37563215 PMCID: PMC10415356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to pathogenesis, recurrence and/or chronicity of the majority of bacterial diseases due to their notable recalcitrance to clearance. Herein, we examined kinetics of the enhanced sensitivity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) newly released (NRel) from biofilm residence by a monoclonal antibody against a bacterial DNABII protein (α-DNABII) to preferential killing by a β-lactam antibiotic. This phenotype was detected within 5 min and lasted for ~ 6 h. Relative expression of genes selected due to their known involvement in sensitivity to a β-lactam showed transient up-regulated expression of penicillin binding proteins by α-DNABII NTHI NRel, whereas there was limited expression of the β-lactamase precursor. Transient down-regulated expression of mediators of oxidative stress supported similarly timed vulnerability to NADPH-oxidase sensitive intracellular killing by activated human PMNs. Further, transient up-regulated expression of the major NTHI porin aligned well with observed increased membrane permeability of α-DNABII NTHI NRel, a characteristic also shown by NRel of three additional pathogens. These data provide mechanistic insights as to the transient, yet highly vulnerable, α-DNABII NRel phenotype. This heightened understanding supports continued validation of this novel therapeutic approach designed to leverage knowledge of the α-DNABII NRel phenotype for more effective eradication of recalcitrant biofilm-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Q Wilbanks
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Elaine M Mokrzan
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Theresa M Kesler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Nikola Kurbatfinski
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu Y, Chang D. Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Zhu
- Graduate School of The PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - De Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Eighth Medical Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Seventh Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Janssen L, Muller HS, Martins VDP. Unweaving the NET: Microbial strategies for neutrophil extracellular trap evasion. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105728. [PMID: 36028070 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circa 20 years ago, a new type of defense mechanism was described in neutrophils. At the time, this mechanism corresponded to the extrusion of DNA, associated with histones, granular and cytosolic proteins from the cell and it was produced in response to exposure to pathogens or interleukins. The resulting NET-like structure was described as to entrap and/or kill microbes. However, shortly after the discovery the so-called Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, it was soon noticed and often mentioned in the literature that certain microbes are able to evade NET-mediated entrapment and/or death, to the point where its antimicrobial capacities were questioned, depending on the infection context. In this review, we summarize the diversity of strategies published thus far that viruses, fungi, bacteria and protists employ as to prevent or endure NETs. Moreover, we point to a few perspectives on the matter and a few evolutionary speculations on NETs evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Janssen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Herick Sampaio Muller
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vicente de Paulo Martins
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mechanisms underlying interactions between two abundant oral commensal bacteria. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:948-957. [PMID: 34732850 PMCID: PMC8940909 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Complex polymicrobial biofilm communities are abundant in nature particularly in the human oral cavity where their composition and fitness can affect health. While the study of these communities during disease is essential and prevalent, little is known about interactions within the healthy plaque community. Here we describe interactions between two of the most abundant species in this healthy microbiome, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Streptococcus mitis. We discovered that H. parainfluenzae typically exists adjacent to mitis group streptococci in vivo with which it is also positively correlated based on microbiome data. By comparing in vitro coculture data to ex vivo microscopy we revealed that this co-occurrence is density dependent and further influenced by H2O2 production. We discovered that H. parainfluenzae utilizes a more redundant, multifactorial response to H2O2 than related microorganisms and that this system's integrity enhances streptococcal fitness. Our results indicate that mitis group streptococci are likely the in vivo source of NAD for H. parainfluenzae and also evoke patterns of carbon utilization in vitro for H. parainfluenzae similar to those observed in vivo. Our findings describe mechanistic interactions between two of the most abundant and prevalent members of healthy supragingival plaque that contribute to their in vivo survival.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Redox Recycling of Protein Thiols Promotes Resistance to Oxidative Killing and Bacterial Survival in Biofilms in a Smoke-Related Infection Model. mSphere 2022; 7:e0084721. [PMID: 35044805 PMCID: PMC8769201 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00847-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoke exposure is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia, which is typically caused by host-adapted airway opportunists like nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Genomic analyses of NTHi revealed homologs of enzymes with predicted roles in reduction of protein thiols, which can have key roles in oxidant resistance. Using a clinical NTHi isolate (NTHi 7P49H1), we generated isogenic mutants in which homologs of glutathione reductase (open reading frame NTHI 0251), thioredoxin-dependent thiol peroxidase (NTHI 0361), thiol peroxidase (NTHI 0907), thioredoxin reductase (NTHI 1327), and glutaredoxin/peroxiredoxin (NTHI 0705) were insertionally inactivated. Bacterial protein analyses revealed that protein oxidation after hydrogen peroxide treatment was elevated in all the mutant strains. Similarly, each of these mutants was less resistant to oxidative killing than the parental strain; these phenotypes were reversed by genetic complementation. Analysis of biofilm communities formed by the parental and mutant strains showed reduction in overall biofilm thickness and density and significant sensitization of bacteria within the biofilm structure to oxidative killing. Experimental respiratory infection of smoke-exposed mice with NTHi 7P49H1 showed significantly increased bacterial counts compared to control mice. Immunofluorescent staining of lung tissues showed NTHi communities on lung mucosae, interspersed with neutrophil extracellular traps; these bacteria had transcript profiles consistent with NTHi biofilms. In contrast, infection with the panel of NTHi mutants showed a significant decrease in bacterial load. Comparable results were observed in bactericidal assays with neutrophil extracellular traps in vitro. Thus, we conclude that thiol-mediated redox homeostasis is a determinant of persistence of NTHi within biofilm communities. IMPORTANCE Chronic bacterial respiratory infections are a significant problem for smoke-exposed individuals, especially those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These infections often persist despite antibiotic use. Thus, the bacteria remain and contribute to the development of inflammation and other respiratory problems. Respiratory bacteria often form biofilms within the lungs; during growth in a biofilm, their antibiotic and oxidative stress resistance is incredibly heightened. It is well documented that redox homeostasis genes are upregulated during this phase of growth. Many common respiratory pathogens, such as NTHi and Streptococcus pneumoniae, are reliant on scavenging from the host the necessary components they need to maintain these redox systems. This work begins to lay the foundation for exploiting this requirement and thiol redox homeostasis pathways of these bacteria as a therapeutic target for managing chronic respiratory bacterial infections, which are resistant to traditional antibiotic treatments alone.
Collapse
|
10
|
Weeks JR, Staples KJ, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. The Role of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Biofilms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:720742. [PMID: 34422683 PMCID: PMC8373199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.720742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an ubiquitous commensal-turned-pathogen that colonises the respiratory mucosa in airways diseases including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD is a progressive inflammatory syndrome of the lungs, encompassing chronic bronchitis that is characterised by mucus hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance and creates a static, protective, humid, and nutrient-rich environment, with dysregulated mucosal immunity; a favourable environment for NTHi colonisation. Several recent large COPD cohort studies have reported NTHi as a significant and recurrent aetiological pathogen in acute exacerbations of COPD. NTHi proliferation has been associated with increased hospitalisation, disease severity, morbidity and significant lung microbiome shifts. However, some cohorts with patients at different severities of COPD do not report that NTHi is a significant aetiological pathogen in their COPD patients, indicating other obligate pathogens including Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the cause. NTHi is an ubiquitous organism across healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers and COPD patients from childhood to adulthood, but it currently remains unclear why NTHi becomes pathogenic in only some cohorts of COPD patients, and what behaviours, interactions and adaptations are driving this susceptibility. There is emerging evidence that biofilm-phase NTHi may play a significant role in COPD. NTHi displays many hallmarks of the biofilm lifestyle and expresses key biofilm formation-promoting genes. These include the autoinducer-mediated quorum sensing system, epithelial- and mucus-binding adhesins and expression of a protective, self-produced polymeric substance matrix. These NTHi biofilms exhibit extreme tolerance to antimicrobial treatments and the immune system as well as expressing synergistic interspecific interactions with other lung pathogens including S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis. Whilst the majority of our understanding surrounding NTHi as a biofilm arises from otitis media or in-vitro bacterial monoculture models, the role of NTHi biofilms in the COPD lung is now being studied. This review explores the evidence for the existence of NTHi biofilms and their impact in the COPD lung. Understanding the nature of chronic and recurrent NTHi infections in acute exacerbations of COPD could have important implications for clinical treatment and identification of novel bactericidal targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Weeks
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding L, Wang J, Cai S, Smyth H, Cui Z. Pulmonary biofilm-based chronic infections and inhaled treatment strategies. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120768. [PMID: 34089796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Certain pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, are usually accompanied by respiratory tract infections due to the physiological alteration of the lung immunological defenses. Recurrent infections may lead to chronic infection through the formation of biofilms. Chronic biofilm-based infections are challenging to treat using antimicrobial agents. Therefore, effective ways to eradicate biofilms and thus relieve respiratory tract infection require the development of efficacious agents for biofilm destruction, the design of delivery carriers with biofilm-targeting and/or penetrating abilities for these agents, and the direct delivery of them into the lung. This review provides an in-depth description of biofilm-based infections caused by pulmonary diseases and focuses on current existing agents that are administered by inhalation into the lung to treat biofilm, which include i) inhalable antimicrobial agents and their combinations, ii) non-antimicrobial adjuvants such as matrix-targeting enzymes, mannitol, glutathione, cyclosporin A, and iii) liposomal formulations of anti-biofilm agents. Finally, novel agents that have shown promise against pulmonary biofilms as well as traditional and new devices for pulmonary delivery of anti-biofilm agents into the lung are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jieliang Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shihao Cai
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hugh Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Correlation of adhesion molecules and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae growth in a mice coinfected model of acute inflammation. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104839. [PMID: 34023525 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary influenza virus (IV) infection can predispose hosts to secondary infection with Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), which further increases the severity and mortality of the disease. While adhesion molecules play a key role in the host inflammatory response and H. influenzae colonization, it remains to be clarified which types of adhesion molecules are associated with H. influenzae colonization and invasion following IV infection. In this study, we established a mouse model of co-infection with influenza A virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34, H1N1) (PR8) and non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) and found that sequential infection with PR8 and NTHi induced a lethal synergy in mice. This outcome may be possibly due to increased NTHi loads, greater lung damage and higher levels of cytokines. Furthermore, the protein levels of intracellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) and Fibronectin (Fn) were significantly increased in the lungs of coinfected mice, but the levels of carcinoembryonic adhesion molecule (CEACAM)-1, CEACAM-5 and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr) were unaffected. Both the protein levels of ICAM-1 and Fn were positively correlated with NTHi growth. These results indicate the correlation between adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1 and Fn, and NTHi growth in secondary NTHi pneumonia following primary IV infection.
Collapse
|
13
|
Defects in ubiquitination and NETosis and their associations with human diseases. Pathology 2021; 53:439-445. [PMID: 33518384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various autoimmune diseases are associated with defects in protein degradation and NETosis. This review aims to examine defects in ubiquitination and NETosis and their associations with human disease. This study involved a systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, and LILACS, to locate articles on the relationship between human disease and defects in protein degradation and NETosis. Ubiquitination and NETosis can trigger a cascade of events that affect immune system function and impact the body's ability to fight disease. Ubiquitination is implicated in various disorders, such as Liddle's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders, whereas NETosis has been linked to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis, accelerated atherosclerosis, thrombosis, rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and renal inflammatory complications. Researchers have attempted for years to identify the link between neurodegenerative disease and ubiquitination. Previous studies analysed the relationships between different autoimmune disorders and NETosis and identified various ubiquitin conjugates and NET remnants that trigger disease development and progression. Ubiquitination and NETosis play key roles in the emergence and progression of neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationships between these disorders and biological processes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Giam YH, Shoemark A, Chalmers JD. Neutrophil dysfunction in bronchiectasis: an emerging role for immunometabolism. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.03157-2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03157-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a heterogenous disease with multiple underlying causes. The pathophysiology is poorly understood but neutrophilic inflammation and dysfunctional killing of pathogens is believed to be key. There are, however, no licensed therapies for bronchiectasis that directly target neutrophilic inflammation. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of neutrophil dysfunction and therapeutic targeting in bronchiectasis. Immunometabolic reprogramming, a process through which inflammation changes inflammatory cell behaviour by altering intracellular metabolic pathways, is increasingly recognised across multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, we show evidence that much of the neutrophil dysfunction observed in bronchiectasis is consistent with immunometabolic reprogramming. Previous attempts at developing therapies targeting neutrophils have focused on reducing neutrophil numbers, resulting in increased frequency of infections. New approaches are needed and we propose that targeting metabolism could theoretically reverse neutrophil dysfunction and dysregulated inflammation. As an exemplar, 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation has already been shown to reverse phagocytic dysfunction and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in models of pulmonary disease. AMPK modulates multiple metabolic pathways, including glycolysis which is critical for energy generation in neutrophils. AMPK activators can reverse metabolic reprogramming and are already in clinical use and/or development. We propose the need for a new immunomodulatory approach, rather than an anti-inflammatory approach, to enhance bacterial clearance and reduce bronchiectasis disease severity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Short B, Carson S, Devlin AC, Reihill JA, Crilly A, MacKay W, Ramage G, Williams C, Lundy FT, McGarvey LP, Thornbury KD, Martin SL. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae chronic colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:192-205. [PMID: 33455514 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1863330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause of bacterial infection in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and contributes to episodes of acute exacerbation which are associated with increased hospitalization and mortality. Due to the ability of H. influenzae to adhere to host epithelial cells, initial colonization of the lower airways can progress to a persistent infection and biofilm formation. This is characterized by changes in bacterial behaviour such as reduced cellular metabolism and the production of an obstructive extracellular matrix (ECM). Herein we discuss the multiple mechanisms by which H. influenzae contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD. In particular, mechanisms that facilitate bacterial adherence to host airway epithelial cells, biofilm formation, and microbial persistence through immune system evasion and antibiotic tolerance will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Short
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Carson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Claire Devlin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - James A Reihill
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Crilly
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - William MacKay
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Group, Oral Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Williams
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lorcan P McGarvey
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Keith D Thornbury
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - S Lorraine Martin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ríos-López AL, González GM, Hernández-Bello R, Sánchez-González A. Avoiding the trap: Mechanisms developed by pathogens to escape neutrophil extracellular traps. Microbiol Res 2020; 243:126644. [PMID: 33199088 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cells of the innate immune system that respond to infection by arriving at sites when pathogens have exceeded physical barriers. Among their response mechanisms against pathogens is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid and antimicrobial proteins such as neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, antimicrobial peptides, and other proteins in neutrophil granules. The formation of extracellular traps is considered an effective strategy to capture and, in some cases, neutralize pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. However, it is also known that pathogens can respond to NETs by expressing some virulence factors, thus evading the antimicrobial effect of these structures. These include the secretion of proteins to degrade the deoxyribonucleic acid scaffold, the formation of biofilms that impede the effect of NETs, or the modification of its membrane structure to avoid interaction with NETs. In this review, we discuss these mechanisms and summarize the different pathogens that employ one or more mechanisms to evade the NET-mediated neutrophil response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Ríos-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico
| | - G M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico
| | - R Hernández-Bello
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico
| | - A Sánchez-González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Robledo-Avila FH, Ruiz-Rosado JDD, Partida-Sanchez S, Brockman KL. A Bacterial Epigenetic Switch in Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Modifies Host Immune Response During Otitis Media. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:512743. [PMID: 33194779 PMCID: PMC7644868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.512743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes multiple diseases of the human airway and is a predominant bacterial pathogen of acute otitis media and otitis media in which treatment fails. NTHi utilizes a system of phase variable epigenetic regulation, termed the phasevarion, to facilitate adaptation and survival within multiple sites of the human host. The NTHi phasevarion influences numerous disease-relevant phenotypes such as biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and opsonization. We have previously identified an advantageous selection for a specific phasevarion status, which significantly affects severity and chronicity of experimental otitis media. In this study, we utilized pure cultures of NTHi variants in which modA was either locked ON or locked OFF, and thus modA was unable to phase vary. These locked variants were used to assess the progression of experimental otitis media and define the specific immune response induced by each subpopulation. Although the initial disease caused by each subpopulation was similar, the immune response elicited by each subpopulation was unique. The modA2 OFF variant induced significantly greater activation of macrophages both in vitro and within the middle ear during disease. In contrast, the modA2 ON variant induced a greater neutrophil extracellular trap response, which led to greater killing of the modA2 ON variant. These data suggest that not only does the NTHi phasevarion facilitate adaptation, but also allows the bacteria to alter immune responses during disease. Understanding these complex bacterial-host interactions and the regulation of bacterial factors responsible is critical to the development of better diagnostic, treatment, and preventative strategies for these bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Technological Institute of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Santiago Partida-Sanchez
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth L Brockman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nasreen M, Dhouib R, Hosmer J, Wijesinghe HGS, Fletcher A, Mahawar M, Essilfie AT, Blackall PJ, McEwan AG, Kappler U. Peptide Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase from Haemophilus influenzae Is Required for Protection against HOCl and Affects the Host Response to Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1928-1939. [PMID: 32492342 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) are enzymes that repair ROS-damage to sulfur-containing amino acids such as methionine, ensuring functional integrity of cellular proteins. Here we have shown that unlike the majority of pro- and eukaryotic Msrs, the peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrAB) from the human pathobiont Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) is required for the repair of hypochlorite damage to cell envelope proteins, but more importantly, we were able to demonstrate that MsrAB plays a role in modulating the host immune response to Hi infection. Loss of MsrAB resulted in >1000-fold increase in sensitivity of Hi to HOCl-mediated killing, and also reduced biofilm formation and in-biofilm survival. Expression of msrAB was also induced by hydrogen peroxide and paraquat, but a Hi2019ΔmsrAB strain was not susceptible to killing by these ROS in vitro. Hi2019ΔmsrAB fitness in infection models was low, with a 3-fold reduction in intracellular survival in bronchial epithelial cells, increased susceptibility to neutrophil killing, and a 10-fold reduction in survival in a mouse model of lung infection. Interestingly, infection with Hi2019ΔmsrAB led to specific changes in the antibacterial response of human host cells, with genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (BPI, CAMP) upregulated between 4 and 9 fold compared to infection with Hi2019WT, and reduction in expression of two proteins with antiapoptotic functions (BIRC3, XIAP). Modulation of host immune responses is a novel role for an enzyme of this type and provides first insights into mechanisms by which MsrAB supports Hi survival in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Nasreen
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rabeb Dhouib
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer Hosmer
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hewa Godage Sithija Wijesinghe
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Aidan Fletcher
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Manish Mahawar
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Ama-Tawiah Essilfie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alastair G. McEwan
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Val S, Krueger A, Hussain A, Tomney A, Chen Y, Lazarski C, Preciado D. MUC5B induces in vitro neutrophil extracellular trap formation: Implication in otitis media. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:536-545. [PMID: 32596498 PMCID: PMC7314476 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic otitis media (COM) is characterized by middle ear fluid predominantly containing cytokines, Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), the mucin MUC5B, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs consist of extracellular DNA coated with antibacterial proteins such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3). NETs can damage tissues and sustain inflammation. Our study aimed to develop an in vitro model of NETosis, testing COM inductors. METHODS NETosis was evaluated in fresh blood human neutrophils attached to collagen-coated plates and in suspension exposed to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as a control, and COM relevant mediators. Confocal microscopy, DNA fluorescence assay and flow cytometry were used to quantify NETosis. RESULTS PMA exposure induced DNA, MPO, and CitH3 by immunofluorescence (IF) most significantly at 3 hours (3.8-fold for DAPI, 7.6-fold for MPO, and 6.9-fold for CitH3, all P < .05). IL-8 and TNF-α cytokines showed milder increases of DAPI, MPO, and CitH3 positive cells. NTHi had no effect on these NETs markers. Purified salivary MUC5B (10 to 40 μg/mL) produced potent increases, comparable to PMA. A composite NET score summing the fold-increases for DAPI, MPO, and CitH3 demonstrated PMA at 13.6 to 19 relative to control set at 1; and MUC5B at 8.6 to 16.3 (all P < .05). IL-8 and TNF-α showed scores of 5.4 and 3, respectively, but these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION We developed a reliable in vitro assay for NETosis which demonstrated that salivary MUC5B is a potent inductor of NETs whereas IL-8, TNF-α, live and lyzed NTHi demonstrated minimal to no NETosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Val
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical InnovationChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Anna Krueger
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical InnovationChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Arman Hussain
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical InnovationChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Amarel Tomney
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical InnovationChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Yajun Chen
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical InnovationChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Christopher Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Diego Preciado
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical InnovationChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Division of Pediatric OtolaryngologyChildren's National Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Janssen-Heininger Y, Reynaert NL, van der Vliet A, Anathy V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and glutathione therapeutics in chronic lung diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101516. [PMID: 32249209 PMCID: PMC7251249 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aljannat MAK, Oldfield NJ, Albasri HM, Dorrington LKG, Ohri RL, Wooldridge KG, Turner DPJ. The moonlighting peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin in Neisseria meningitidis binds plasminogen via a C-terminal lysine residue and contributes to survival in a whole blood model. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103890. [PMID: 31765768 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a human-restricted bacterium that can invade the bloodstream and cross the blood-brain barrier resulting in life-threatening sepsis and meningitis. Meningococci express a cytoplasmic peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin (Prx5-Grx) hybrid protein that has also been identified on the bacterial surface. Here, recombinant Prx5-Grx was confirmed as a plasminogen (Plg)-binding protein, in an interaction which could be inhibited by the lysine analogue ε-aminocapronic acid. rPrx5-Grx derivatives bearing a substituted C-terminal lysine residue (rPrx5-GrxK244A), but not the active site cysteine residue (rPrx5-GrxC185A) or the sub-terminal rPrx5-GrxK230A lysine residue, exhibited significantly reduced Plg-binding. The absence of Prx5-Grx did not significantly reduce the ability of whole meningococcal cells to bind Plg, but under hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress, the N. meningitidis Δpxn5-grx mutant survived significantly better than the wild-type or complemented strains. Significantly, using human whole blood as a model of meningococcal bacteremia, it was found that the N. meningitidis Δpxn5-grx mutant had a survival defect compared with the parental or complemented strain, confirming an important role for Prx5-Grx in meningococcal pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahab A K Aljannat
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil J Oldfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Hibah M Albasri
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Radhica L Ohri
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Karl G Wooldridge
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David P J Turner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chia SB, Elko EA, Aboushousha R, Manuel AM, van de Wetering C, Druso JE, van der Velden J, Seward DJ, Anathy V, Irvin CG, Lam YW, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Dysregulation of the glutaredoxin/ S-glutathionylation redox axis in lung diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C304-C327. [PMID: 31693398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00410.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione is a major redox buffer, reaching millimolar concentrations within cells and high micromolar concentrations in airways. While glutathione has been traditionally known as an antioxidant defense mechanism that protects the lung tissue from oxidative stress, glutathione more recently has become recognized for its ability to become covalently conjugated to reactive cysteines within proteins, a modification known as S-glutathionylation (or S-glutathiolation or protein mixed disulfide). S-glutathionylation has the potential to change the structure and function of the target protein, owing to its size (the addition of three amino acids) and charge (glutamic acid). S-glutathionylation also protects proteins from irreversible oxidation, allowing them to be enzymatically regenerated. Numerous enzymes have been identified to catalyze the glutathionylation/deglutathionylation reactions, including glutathione S-transferases and glutaredoxins. Although protein S-glutathionylation has been implicated in numerous biological processes, S-glutathionylated proteomes have largely remained unknown. In this paper, we focus on the pathways that regulate GSH homeostasis, S-glutathionylated proteins, and glutaredoxins, and we review methods required toward identification of glutathionylated proteomes. Finally, we present the latest findings on the role of glutathionylation/glutaredoxins in various lung diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi B Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison M Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joseph E Druso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Charles G Irvin
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) Production by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 86-028NP Promotes Expression of a Predicted Glycosyltransferase That Is a Determinant of Biofilm Maturation, Prevention of Dispersal, and Persistence In Vivo. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00506-18. [PMID: 30249749 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00506-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an extremely common human pathobiont that persists on the airway mucosal surface within biofilm communities, and our previous work has shown that NTHi biofilm maturation is coordinated by the production and uptake of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) quorum signals. To directly test roles for AI-2 in maturation and maintenance of NTHi biofilms, we generated an NTHi 86-028NP mutant in which luxS transcription was under the control of the xylA promoter (NTHi 86-028NP luxS xylA::luxS), rendering AI-2 production inducible by xylose. Comparison of biofilms under inducing and noninducing conditions revealed a biofilm defect in the absence of xylose, whereas biofilm maturation increased following xylose induction. The removal of xylose resulted in the interruption of luxS expression and biofilm dispersal. Measurement of luxS transcript levels by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) showed that luxS expression peaked as biofilms matured and waned before dispersal. Transcript profiling revealed significant changes following the induction of luxS, including increased transcript levels for a predicted family 8 glycosyltransferase (NTHI1750; designated gstA); this result was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. An isogenic NTHi 86-028NP gstA mutant had a biofilm defect, including decreased levels of sialylated matrix and significantly altered biofilm structure. In experimental chinchilla infections, we observed a significant decrease in the number of bacteria in the biofilm population (but not in effusions) for NTHi 86-028NP gstA compared to the parental strain. Therefore, we conclude that AI-2 promotes NTHi biofilm maturation and the maintenance of biofilm integrity, due at least in part to the expression of a probable glycosyltransferase that is potentially involved in the synthesis of the biofilm matrix.
Collapse
|
24
|
Animal models of acute otitis media - A review with practical implications for laboratory research. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2018; 135:183-190. [PMID: 29656888 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Considerable animal research has focused on developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute otitis media (AOM). Several experimental models of AOM have thus been developed. A PubMed search of the English literature was conducted from 1975 to July 2016 using the search terms "animal model" and "otitis media" from which 91 published studies were included for analysis, yielding 123 animal models. The rat, mouse and chinchilla are the preferred animals for experimental AOM models with their individual advantages and disadvantages. The most common pathogens used to create AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (types 3, 23 and 6A) and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are best options for inoculation into rat and mouse models. Adding viral pathogens such as RSV and Influenza A virus, along with creating ET dysfunction, are useful adjuncts in animal models of AOM. Antibiotic prophylaxis may interfere with the inflammatory response without a significant reduction in animal mortality.
Collapse
|
25
|
Haemophilus parainfluenzae Strain ATCC 33392 Forms Biofilms In Vitro and during Experimental Otitis Media Infections. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01070-16. [PMID: 28674033 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01070-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a nutritionally fastidious, Gram-negative bacterium with an oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal carriage niche that is associated with a range of opportunistic infections, including infectious endocarditis and otitis media (OM). These infections are often chronic/recurrent in nature and typically involve bacterial persistence within biofilm communities that are highly resistant to host clearance. This study addresses the primary hypothesis that H. parainfluenzae forms biofilm communities that are important determinants of persistence in vivo The results from in vitro biofilm studies confirmed that H. parainfluenzae formed biofilm communities within which the polymeric matrix was mainly composed of extracellular DNA and proteins. Using a chinchilla OM infection model, we demonstrated that H. parainfluenzae formed surface-associated biofilm communities containing bacterial and host components that included neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) structures and that the bacteria mainly persisted in these biofilm communities. We also used this model to examine the possible interaction between H. parainfluenzae and its close relative Haemophilus influenzae, which is also commonly carried within the same host environments and can cause OM. The results showed that coinfection with H. influenzae promoted clearance of H. parainfluenzae from biofilm communities during OM infection. The underlying mechanisms for bacterial persistence and biofilm formation by H. parainfluenzae and knowledge about the survival defects of H. parainfluenzae during coinfection with H. influenzae are topics for future work.
Collapse
|
26
|
Storisteanu DML, Pocock JM, Cowburn AS, Juss JK, Nadesalingam A, Nizet V, Chilvers ER. Evasion of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps by Respiratory Pathogens. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:423-431. [PMID: 27854516 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0193ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a major immune mechanism intended to capture pathogens. These histone- and protease-coated DNA structures are released by neutrophils in response to a variety of stimuli, including respiratory pathogens, and have been identified in the airways of patients with respiratory infection, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, primary graft dysfunction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NET production has been demonstrated in the lungs of mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Since the discovery of NETs over a decade ago, evidence that "NET evasion" might act as an immune protection strategy among respiratory pathogens, including group A Streptococcus, Bordetella pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae, has been growing, with the majority of these studies being published in the past 2 years. Evasion strategies fall into three main categories: inhibition of NET release by down-regulating host inflammatory responses; degradation of NETs using pathogen-derived DNases; and resistance to the microbicidal components of NETs, which involves a variety of mechanisms, including encapsulation. Hence, the evasion of NETs appears to be a widespread strategy to allow pathogen proliferation and dissemination, and is currently a topic of intense research interest. This article outlines the evidence supporting the three main strategies of NET evasion-inhibition, degradation, and resistance-with particular reference to common respiratory pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew S Cowburn
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,2 Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jatinder K Juss
- Departments of 1 Medicine and.,3 Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | | | - Victor Nizet
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of California-La Jolla, San Diego, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ahearn CP, Gallo MC, Murphy TF. Insights on persistent airway infection by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:3753446. [PMID: 28449098 PMCID: PMC5437125 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common bacterial cause of infection of the lower airways in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Infection of the COPD airways causes acute exacerbations, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. NTHi has evolved multiple mechanisms to establish infection in the hostile environment of the COPD airways, allowing the pathogen to persist in the airways for months to years. Persistent infection of the COPD airways contributes to chronic airway inflammation that increases symptoms and accelerates the progressive loss of pulmonary function, which is a hallmark of the disease. Persistence mechanisms of NTHi include the expression of multiple redundant adhesins that mediate binding to host cellular and extracellular matrix components. NTHi evades host immune recognition and clearance by invading host epithelial cells, forming biofilms, altering gene expression and displaying surface antigenic variation. NTHi also binds host serum factors that confer serum resistance. Here we discuss the burden of COPD and the role of NTHi infections in the course of the disease. We provide an overview of NTHi mechanisms of persistence that allow the pathogen to establish a niche in the hostile COPD airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Ahearn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mary C. Gallo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Timothy F. Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dicker AJ, Crichton ML, Pumphrey EG, Cassidy AJ, Suarez-Cuartin G, Sibila O, Furrie E, Fong CJ, Ibrahim W, Brady G, Einarsson GG, Elborn JS, Schembri S, Marshall SE, Palmer CNA, Chalmers JD. Neutrophil extracellular traps are associated with disease severity and microbiota diversity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:117-127. [PMID: 28506850 PMCID: PMC5751731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been observed in the airway in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their clinical and pathophysiologic implications have not been defined. Objective We sought to determine whether NETs are associated with disease severity in patients with COPD and how they are associated with microbiota composition and airway neutrophil function. Methods NET protein complexes (DNA-elastase and histone-elastase complexes), cell-free DNA, and neutrophil biomarkers were quantified in soluble sputum and serum from patients with COPD during periods of disease stability and during exacerbations and compared with clinical measures of disease severity and the sputum microbiome. Peripheral blood and airway neutrophil function were evaluated by means of flow cytometry ex vivo and experimentally after stimulation of NET formation. Results Sputum NET complexes were associated with the severity of COPD evaluated by using the composite Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease scale (P < .0001). This relationship was due to modest correlations between NET complexes and FEV1, symptoms evaluated by using the COPD assessment test, and higher levels of NET complexes in patients with frequent exacerbations (P = .002). Microbiota composition was heterogeneous, but there was a correlation between NET complexes and both microbiota diversity (P = .009) and dominance of Haemophilus species operational taxonomic units (P = .01). Ex vivo airway neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria was reduced in patients with increased sputum NET complexes. Consistent results were observed regardless of the method of quantifying sputum NETs. Failure of phagocytosis could be induced experimentally by incubating healthy control neutrophils with soluble sputum from patients with COPD. Conclusion NET formation is increased in patients with severe COPD and associated with more frequent exacerbations and a loss of microbiota diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Dicker
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Megan L Crichton
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor G Pumphrey
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Cassidy
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo Suarez-Cuartin
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Invesitgacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Invesitgacio Biomedica (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Furrie
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Fong
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Wasyla Ibrahim
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Brady
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gisli G Einarsson
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Schembri
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sara E Marshall
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, and the Wellcome Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barenkamp SJ, Chonmaitree T, Hakansson AP, Heikkinen T, King S, Nokso-Koivisto J, Novotny LA, Patel JA, Pettigrew M, Swords WE. Panel 4: Report of the Microbiology Panel. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156:S51-S62. [PMID: 28372529 PMCID: PMC5490388 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816639028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2011 until June 2015 on the virology and bacteriology of otitis media in children. Data Sources PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. Review Methods Two subpanels comprising experts in the virology and bacteriology of otitis media were created. Each panel reviewed the relevant literature in the fields of virology and bacteriology and generated draft reviews. These initial reviews were distributed to all panel members prior to meeting together at the Post-symposium Research Conference of the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media, National Harbor, Maryland, in June 2015. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by all panel members. Conclusions Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing our understanding of the microbiology of otitis media. Numerous advances were made in basic laboratory studies, in animal models of otitis media, in better understanding the epidemiology of disease, and in clinical practice. Implications for Practice (1) Many viruses cause acute otitis media without bacterial coinfection, and such cases do not require antibiotic treatment. (2) When respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and influenza virus peak in the community, practitioners can expect to see an increase in clinical otitis media cases. (3) Biomarkers that predict which children with upper respiratory tract infections will develop otitis media may be available in the future. (4) Compounds that target newly identified bacterial virulence determinants may be available as future treatment options for children with otitis media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Barenkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tasnee Chonmaitree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Terho Heikkinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Samantha King
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Johanna Nokso-Koivisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura A. Novotny
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Janak A. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Melinda Pettigrew
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - W. Edward Swords
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The Extracellular Matrix of Candida albicans Biofilms Impairs Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005884. [PMID: 27622514 PMCID: PMC5021349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs) in response to planktonic C. albicans. These complexes composed of DNA, histones, and proteins inhibit Candida growth and dissemination. Considering the resilience of Candida biofilms to host defenses, we examined the neutrophil response to C. albicans during biofilm growth. In contrast to planktonic C. albicans, biofilms triggered negligible release of NETs. Time lapse imaging confirmed the impairment in NET release and revealed neutrophils adhering to hyphae and migrating on the biofilm. NET inhibition depended on an intact extracellular biofilm matrix as physical or genetic disruption of this component resulted in NET release. Biofilm inhibition of NETosis could not be overcome by protein kinase C activation via phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and was associated with suppression of neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The degree of impaired NET release correlated with resistance to neutrophil attack. The clinical relevance of the role for extracellular matrix in diminishing NET production was corroborated in vivo using a rat catheter model. The C. albicans pmr1Δ/Δ, defective in production of matrix mannan, appeared to elicit a greater abundance of NETs by scanning electron microscopy imaging, which correlated with a decreased fungal burden. Together, these findings show that C. albicans biofilms impair neutrophil response through an inhibitory pathway induced by the extracellular matrix.
Collapse
|
31
|
Porto BN, Stein RT. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Pulmonary Diseases: Too Much of a Good Thing? Front Immunol 2016; 7:311. [PMID: 27574522 PMCID: PMC4983612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) arise from the release of granular and nuclear contents of neutrophils in the extracellular space in response to different classes of microorganisms, soluble factors, and host molecules. NETs are composed by decondensed chromatin fibers coated with antimicrobial granular and cytoplasmic proteins, such as myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase (NE), and α-defensins. Besides being expressed on NET fibers, NE and MPO also regulate NET formation. Furthermore, histone deimination by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a central step to NET formation. NET formation has been widely demonstrated to be an effective mechanism to fight against invading microorganisms, as deficiency in NET release or dismantling NET backbone by bacterial DNases renders the host susceptible to infections. Therefore, the primary role of NETs is to prevent microbial dissemination, avoiding overwhelming infections. However, an excess of NET formation has a dark side. The pathogenic role of NETs has been described for many human diseases, infectious and non-infectious. The detrimental effect of excessive NET release is particularly important to lung diseases, because NETs can expand more easily in the pulmonary alveoli, causing lung injury. Moreover, NETs and its associated molecules are able to directly induce epithelial and endothelial cell death. In this regard, massive NET formation has been reported in several pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, influenza, bacterial pneumonia, and tuberculosis, among others. Thus, NET formation must be tightly regulated in order to avoid NET-mediated tissue damage. Recent development of therapies targeting NETs in pulmonary diseases includes DNA disintegration with recombinant human DNase, neutralization of NET proteins, with anti-histone antibodies and protease inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge on the pathophysiological role of NETs in pulmonary diseases as well as some experimental and clinical approaches to modulate their detrimental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Nery Porto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato Tetelbom Stein
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gunn JS, Bakaletz LO, Wozniak DJ. What's on the Outside Matters: The Role of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance of Gram-negative Biofilms in Evading Host Immunity and as a Target for Therapeutic Intervention. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12538-12546. [PMID: 27129225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.707547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are organized multicellular communities encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm-resident bacteria resist immunity and antimicrobials. The EPS provides structural stability and presents a barrier; however, a complete understanding of how EPS structure relates to biological function is lacking. This review focuses on the EPS of three Gram-negative pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi/Typhimurium. Although EPS proteins and polysaccharides are diverse, common constituents include extracellular DNA, DNABII (DNA binding and bending) proteins, pili, flagella, and outer membrane vesicles. The EPS biochemistry promotes recalcitrance and informs the design of therapies to reduce or eliminate biofilm burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Gunn
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205; Departments of Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205; Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dual RNA-seq of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Host Cell Transcriptomes Reveals Novel Insights into Host-Pathogen Cross Talk. mBio 2015; 6:e01765-15. [PMID: 26578681 PMCID: PMC4659474 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01765-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability to adhere and adapt to the human respiratory tract mucosa plays a pivotal role in the pathogenic lifestyle of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). However, the temporal events associated with a successful colonization have not been fully characterized. In this study, by reconstituting the ciliated human bronchial epithelium in vitro, we monitored the global transcriptional changes in NTHi and infected mucosal epithelium simultaneously for up to 72 h by dual RNA sequencing. The initial stage of colonization was characterized by the binding of NTHi to ciliated cells. Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures revealed significant dysregulation of the target cell cytoskeleton elicited by bacterial infection, with a profound effect on the intermediate filament network and junctional complexes. In response to environmental stimuli of the host epithelium, NTHi downregulated its central metabolism and increased the expression of transporters, indicating a change in the metabolic regime due to the availability of host substrates. Concurrently, the oxidative environment generated by infected cells instigated bacterial expression of stress-induced defense mechanisms, including the transport of exogenous glutathione and activation of the toxin-antitoxin system. The results of this analysis were validated by those of confocal microscopy, Western blotting, Bio-plex, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Notably, as part of our screening for novel signatures of infection, we identified a global profile of noncoding transcripts that are candidate small RNAs (sRNAs) regulated during human host infection in Haemophilus species. Our data, by providing a robust and comprehensive representation of the cross talk between the host and invading pathogen, provides important insights into NTHi pathogenesis and the development of efficacious preventive strategies. IMPORTANCE Simultaneous monitoring of infection-linked transcriptome alterations in an invading pathogen and its target host cells represents a key strategy for identifying regulatory responses that drive pathogenesis. In this study, we report the progressive events of NTHi colonization in a highly differentiated model of ciliated bronchial epithelium. Genome-wide transcriptome maps of NTHi during infection provided mechanistic insights into bacterial adaptive responses to the host niche, with modulation of the central metabolism as an important signature of the evolving milieu. Our data indicate that infected epithelia respond by substantial alteration of the cytoskeletal network and cytokine repertoire, revealing a dynamic cross talk that is responsible for the onset of inflammation. This work significantly enhances our understanding of the means by which NTHi promotes infection on human mucosae and reveals novel strategies exploited by this important pathogen to cause invasive disease.
Collapse
|