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Binding assay of human Dectin-1 variants for DNA/ β-glucan complex for active-targeting delivery of antisense DNA: Part II. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108731. [PMID: 36529080 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A β-1,3-glucan binding receptor called Dectin-1 is mainly expressed on antigen-presenting immunocytes. Dectin-1 may be a target molecule for receptor-mediated and active-targeting delivery of drugs to regulate or interfere with the immune system. Therapeutic oligonucleotides are one such drug of interest. To this end, we have been studying the complex of schizophyllan (SPG, one of the linear (1,3)-β-ᴅ-glucan family) with oligonucleotide and its delivery mechanism to the Dectin-1 expressing cells. There are at least six types of human Dectin-1 expressed on the cell surface (designated V-1, V-2, etc.), with V-1 having a complete carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and stalk, V-2 having a complete CRD but no stalk, and other variants having an incomplete CRD due to exon skipping. Our previous studies have shown that SPG binds only to V-1 and V-2. By contrast, SPG/oligonucleotide complexes bind both V-1 and V-2 more strongly than SPG itself and show a certain affinity, for other variants. As a continuing work, the present paper discusses the structure and nature of all human Dectin-1 variants expressed on the cellular surface. we found that (1) a new N-linked glycosylation site is present in some variants, (2) the glycosylation of Dectin-1 plays an important role in the fate of Dectin-1 and its localization in the cells, and (3) the glycosylation is related to the amount of ingestion of the complex. The present findings suggest that, in addition to V-1 and V-2, two other variants that are highly expressed at the plasma membrane and stabilized by the glycosylation may also be targets of the complex.
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Abstract
Immunosuppression caused by parasitic infections represents the foremost way by which the parasites overcome or escape the host’s immune response. Glucan is a well-established natural immunomodulator with the ability to significantly improve immune system, from innate immunity to both branches of specific immunity. Our review is focused on the possible role of glucan’s action in antiparasite therapies and vaccine strategies. We concluded that the established action of glucan opens a new window in treatment and protection against parasitic infections.
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Quintin J. Fungal mediated innate immune memory, what have we learned? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 89:71-77. [PMID: 29842944 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
Abstract
The binary classification of mammalian immune memory is now obsolete. Innate immune cells carry memory characteristics. The overall capacity of innate immune cells to remember and alter their responses is referred as innate immune memory and the induction of a non-specific memory resulting in an enhanced immune status is termed "trained immunity". Historically, trained immunity was first described as triggered by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Since, numerous studies have accumulated and deciphered the main characteristics of trained immunity mediated by fungi and fungal components. This review aims at presenting the newly described aspect of memory in innate immunity with an emphasis on the historically fungal mediated one, covering the known molecular mechanisms associated with training. In addition, the review uncovers the numerous non-specific effect that β-glucans trigger in the context of infectious diseases and septicaemia, inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Quintin
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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Zimara N, Chanyalew M, Aseffa A, van Zandbergen G, Lepenies B, Schmid M, Weiss R, Rascle A, Wege AK, Jantsch J, Schatz V, Brown GD, Ritter U. Dectin-1 Positive Dendritic Cells Expand after Infection with Leishmania major Parasites and Represent Promising Targets for Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:263. [PMID: 29535708 PMCID: PMC5834765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant mouse strains mount a protective T cell-mediated immune response upon infection with Leishmania (L.) parasites. Healing correlates with a T helper (Th) cell-type 1 response characterized by a pronounced IFN-γ production, while susceptibility is associated with an IL-4-dependent Th2-type response. It has been shown that dermal dendritic cells are crucial for inducing protective Th1-mediated immunity. Additionally, there is growing evidence that C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-mediated signaling is involved in directing adaptive immunity against pathogens. However, little is known about the function of the CLR Dectin-1 in modulating Th1- or Th2-type immune responses by DC subsets in leishmaniasis. We characterized the expression of Dectin-1 on CD11c+ DCs in peripheral blood, at the site of infection, and skin-draining lymph nodes of L. major-infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and in peripheral blood of patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Both mouse strains responded with an expansion of Dectin-1+ DCs within the analyzed tissues. In accordance with the experimental model, Dectin-1+ DCs expanded as well in the peripheral blood of CL patients. To study the role of Dectin-1+ DCs in adaptive immunity against L. major, we analyzed the T cell stimulating potential of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in the presence of the Dectin-1 agonist Curdlan. These experiments revealed that Curdlan induces the maturation of BMDCs and the expansion of Leishmania-specific CD4+ T cells. Based on these findings, we evaluated the impact of Curdlan/Dectin-1 interactions in experimental leishmaniasis and were able to demonstrate that the presence of Curdlan at the site of infection modulates the course of disease in BALB/c mice: wild-type BALB/c mice treated intradermally with Curdlan developed a protective immune response against L. major whereas Dectin-1-/- BALB/c mice still developed the fatal course of disease after Curdlan treatment. Furthermore, the vaccination of BALB/c mice with a combination of soluble L. major antigens and Curdlan was able to provide a partial protection from severe leishmaniasis. These findings indicate that the ligation of Dectin-1 on DCs acts as an important checkpoint in adaptive immunity against L. major and should therefore be considered in future whole-organism vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zimara
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Menberework Chanyalew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ger van Zandbergen
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Division of Immunology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anne Rascle
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Kathrin Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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de Jesus Pereira NC, Régis WCB, Costa LE, de Oliveira JS, da Silva AG, Martins VT, Duarte MC, de Souza JRR, Lage PS, Schneider MS, Melo MN, Soto M, Soares SA, Tavares CAP, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Coelho EAF. Evaluation of adjuvant activity of fractions derived from Agaricus blazei, when in association with the recombinant LiHyp1 protein, to protect against visceral leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2015; 153:180-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jang SA, Kang SC, Sohn EH. Phagocytic Effects of β-Glucans from the Mushroom Coriolus versicolor are Related to Dectin-1, NOS, TNF-α Signaling in Macrophages. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.4.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Shah VB, Huang Y, Keshwara R, Ozment-Skelton T, Williams DL, Keshvara L. β-Glucan Activates Microglia without Inducing Cytokine Production in Dectin-1-Dependent Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:2777-85. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Willment JA, Gordon S, Brown GD. Characterization of the human beta -glucan receptor and its alternatively spliced isoforms. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43818-23. [PMID: 11567029 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107715200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-1,3-d-Glucans are biological response modifiers with potent effects on the immune system. A number of receptors are thought to play a role in mediating these responses, including murine Dectin-1, which we recently identified as a beta-glucan receptor. In this study we describe the characterization of the human homologue of this receptor and show that it is structurally and functionally similar to the mouse receptor. The human beta-glucan receptor is a type II transmembrane receptor with a single extracellular carbohydrate recognition domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif in its cytoplasmic tail. The human beta-glucan receptor is widely expressed and functions as a pattern recognition receptor, recognizing a variety of beta-1,3- and/or beta-1,6-linked glucans as well as intact yeast. In contrast to the murine receptor, the human receptor mRNA is alternatively spliced, resulting in two major (A and B) and six minor isoforms. The two major isoforms differ by the presence of a stalk region separating the carbohydrate recognition domain from the transmembrane region and are the only isoforms that are functional for beta-glucan binding. The human receptor also binds T-lymphocytes at a site distinct from the beta-glucan binding site, indicating that this receptor can recognize both endogenous and exogenous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Willment
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
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9
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Hetland G, Ohno N, Aaberge IS, Lovik M. Protective effect of beta-glucan against systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2000; 27:111-6. [PMID: 10640605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial effect of soluble beta-1,3-D-glucan from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SSG) was examined in mice experimentally infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 4 and 6B. SSG was administered i.p. either 3 days before challenge or 3-48 h after challenge. The number of bacteria in blood samples and the mouse survival rates were recorded. Pre-challenge SSG administration protected dose-dependently against both S. pneumoniae type 4 and 6B infections. SSG injected 24 h post-challenge had a curative effect against type 6B but not type 4 pneumococcal infection. The data demonstrate that SSG administered systemically protects against pneumococcal infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hetland
- Department of Environmental Medicine, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Liang J, Melican D, Cafro L, Palace G, Fisette L, Armstrong R, Patchen ML. Enhanced clearance of a multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus in rats treated with PGG-glucan is associated with increased leukocyte counts and increased neutrophil oxidative burst activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1998; 20:595-614. [PMID: 9848393 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(98)00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PGG-Glucan [Betafectin], a highly purified soluble beta-(1-6)-branched beta-(1 3)-linked glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has broad in vitro and in vivo anti-infective activities unrelated to cytokine induction. Here we present in vivo results on the anti-infective activity of PGG-Glucan against a multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PGG-Glucan (0.25-4 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly to male Wistar rats 48 h, 24 h, and 4 h before and 4 h after intraperitoneal implantation of a gelatin capsule containing 10(8)S. aureus colony forming units (CFU). Blood samples were collected at various times after challenge to determine CFU levels, leukocyte counts and neutrophil oxidative burst activity; serum TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta levels were also evaluated. The 0.25 mg/kg PGG-Glucan dose had no effect on reducing blood CFU levels; however, PGG-Glucan doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg significantly reduced blood CFU levels by 48 h after challenge. Reduced CFU levels correlated with significantly elevated absolute monocyte counts, absolute neutrophil counts, and neutrophil oxidative burst activity in the absence of any effect on TNF-alpha or on IL-1beta levels. In additional studies, effects on mortality and blood CFU levels were evaluated in rats treated with ampicillin (an antibiotic to which the S. aureus was resistant), PGG-Glucan, or both agents. Mortality and blood CFU levels were reduced most in combination-treated rats compared to saline control rats or rats treated with either ampicillin alone or PGG-Glucan alone. We conclude that in vivo (1) PGG-Glucan can enhance clearance of an antibiotic resistant S. aureus, (2) that this clearance is accompanied by an increase in monocytes and neutrophils as well as a potentiation of neutrophil oxidative microbiocidal activity without alteration of the proinflammatory cytokine response, and (3) PGG-Glucan can enhance the effectiveness of traditional antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Alpha-Beta Technology, Inc., Worcester, MA 10605, USA
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11
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Hetland G, Løvik M, Wiker HG. Protective effect of beta-glucan against mycobacterium bovis, BCG infection in BALB/c mice. Scand J Immunol 1998; 47:548-53. [PMID: 9652822 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Beta-1,3-glucan is a potent stimulator of macrophage functions and has a protective effect against a range of infections in rodent models. We examined whether the agent could also protect against the intracellular Mycobacterium bovis, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection in mice. BCG-susceptible BALB/c mice were injected intravenously (i.v.) with beta-glucan or vehicle 3 days before, or with beta-glucan 7 days after i.v. challenge with live BCG bacilli. The animals were killed 4 or 8 weeks later, their organs were homogenized and applied to object slides and stained with auramin for counting of bacilli, or seeded onto agar in Petri dishes. Mice treated with beta-glucan both pre- and postchallenge had significantly lower numbers of BCG bacilli and BCG colony-forming units in spleen homogenates compared with controls 4 weeks after challenge. A similar, but not statistically significant, tendency was observed in spleen homogenates from mice killed 8 weeks after challenge. In homogenates of liver and lungs there were similar findings, but less pronounced. There was a dose-dependent effect of beta-glucan injected before BCG challenge on the number of BCG bacilli found in spleen and liver homogenates. In addition, antibody cross-reactivity was demonstrated between M. tuberculosis cell wall and beta-glucan. The results suggest that beta-glucan has a protective effect against M. bovis, BCG infection in susceptible mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hetland
- Institute of Immunology and Rheumatology, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Tewari AK, Sharma NN, Rao JR, Mishra AK, Das SK. Effect of Mycobacterium phlei on the development of immunity to Babesia bigemina. Vet Parasitol 1996; 62:223-30. [PMID: 8686168 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(95)00873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory role of Mycobacterium phlei against intracellular blood protozoan Babesia bigemina was demonstrated following experimental immunisation and challenge in bovine calves. A lysate of erythrocytes infected (6 x 10(9)) with B. bigemina was used as a source of dead antigen either with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or with a trypsinised culture of M. phlei as a non-specific immunomodulation (NSI) agent with appropriate controls. Following virulent challenge with B. bigemina infected erythrocytes (1 x 10(7)), the NSI printed calves showed 100% protection, while the dead antigen alone with FCA afforded 75% protection. The protective status of the immunising regimes was studied by clinicopathological parameters and assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The role of babesial dead antigen and the effects of M. phlei on the development of immunity to B. bigemina is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Tewari
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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13
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Konopski Z, Smedsrød B, Seljelid R, Eskeland T. A novel immunomodulator soluble aminated beta-1,3-D-glucan: binding characteristics to mouse peritoneal macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1221:61-5. [PMID: 8130277 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(94)90216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that soluble aminated beta-1,3-D-glucan (AG), a potent immunomodulator, specifically inhibited binding and internalization of AG-coated microbeads (GDM) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The present study was undertaken to determine parameters of AG binding to macrophages. For this purpose, AG was conjugated with tyraminyl cellobiose (TC), which can be radioiodinated. With this method the immunomodulator was labelled with a very high specific radioactivity, allowing sensitive measurements of binding. Maximal binding capacity was 0.33 micrograms [125I]TC-AG/10(6) cells. Binding was inhibited by TC-AG and AG, but not by mannose and mannan, showing that the receptor different from the mannose receptor was involved. Binding was reversible, with an initial association rate of 120 cpm/min, and a much faster initial dissociation rate of 680 cpm/min. Bound [125I]TC-AG was internalized. These findings suggest that both AG and GDM are bound and internalized via the same beta-glucan receptor in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Konopski
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Anatomy, University of Tromsø, Norway
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Konopski Z, Seljelid R, Eskeland T. Cytokines and PGE2 modulate the phagocytic function of the beta-glucan receptor in macrophages. Scand J Immunol 1993; 37:587-92. [PMID: 8387227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb02576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Under serum-free conditions the beta-glucan receptor of mouse macrophages mediates phagocytosis of beta-1,3-D-glucan-coated microbeads (diameter 2 microns). IFN-gamma increases the phagocytic function of the beta-glucan receptor in a dose-dependent manner, giving the plateau level at 100 U/ml. Maximum activity appears 9 h after addition of IFN-gamma to the cells. The effect disappears within 24 h. The effect of IFN-gamma may be a result of augmented receptor synthesis since treatment with cycloheximide reduces the phagocytosis. IL-1 also increases the phagocytic function of the beta-glucan receptor giving a dose-dependent response and with the plateau level reached at 10 U/ml. Maximum activity is found 4 h after addition of IL-1 to macrophages. The effect disappears within 24 h. TNF does not alter the phagocytic function of the beta-glucan receptor, but TNF together with IL-1 prolongs the effect of IL-1. PGE2 reduces the phagocytic function of the beta-glucan receptor. Maximum reduction is achieved with 8 ng/ml. Time-course studies show the lowest phagocytic activity 9 h after addition of PGE2 to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Konopski
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Anatomy, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Smith
- Institut für Parasitologie, Universität Zürich, Switzerland
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Irinoda K, Masihi KN, Chihara G, Kaneko Y, Katori T. Stimulation of microbicidal host defence mechanisms against aerosol influenza virus infection by lentinan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1992; 14:971-7. [PMID: 1428370 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(92)90140-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of polysaccharide immunomodulator lentinan to stimulate non-specific resistance against respiratory viral infections was investigated. Significant protection was conferred by lentinan administered intranasally before lethal influenza virus infection and could be corroborated by a reduction of the lung virus titres. Since the lung is the target organ of influenza virus infection, lentinan was also administered by the intravenous route. Lentinan conferred complete protection against a LD75 challenge dose of virulent influenza virus and significantly prolonged the survival time after a LD100 challenge. The effect on respiratory burst of broncho-alveolar macrophages was investigated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) in response to stimulation by zymosan. Enhanced CL activity was present at an early stage in groups receiving lentinan. Significant nitric oxide activity could also be stimulated by culturing broncho-alveolar macrophages in the presence of lentinan. TNF activity could not be detected in lung lavage but measurable IL-6 was produced already after 6 h in animals administered lentinan alone and in lentinan-pretreated influenza virus-infected mice. Influenza virus alone did not induce measurable IL-6 at 6 h but high activity was present at later time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Irinoda
- Robert Koch Institute, Federal Health Office, Berlin, F.R.G
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17
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Onderdonk AB, Cisneros RL, Hinkson P, Ostroff G. Anti-infective effect of poly-beta 1-6-glucotriosyl-beta 1-3-glucopyranose glucan in vivo. Infect Immun 1992; 60:1642-7. [PMID: 1548086 PMCID: PMC257041 DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.4.1642-1647.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice challenged with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus were protected against lethal peritonitis by the intravenous administration of 10 micrograms of poly-beta 1-6-glucotriosyl-beta 1-3-glucopyranose (PGG) glucan per animal 4 to 6 h prior to bacterial challenge. Subsequent studies with the rat model for intra-abdominal sepsis indicated that intramuscular doses of 10 to 100 micrograms per animal 24 and 4 h prior to surgical implantation of the bacterial inoculum reduced the early mortality associated with the peritonitis phase of this experimental disease process. Quantitative cultures of blood obtained from challenged rats showed that significantly fewer organisms were present in the blood of PGG glucan-treated animals than in that of untreated animals. Quantitative studies of leukocytes of rats and mice following a single injection of PGG glucan showed a modest transient increase in the total leukocyte count. The possible mechanisms by which protection occurs in the animal model system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Onderdonk
- Department of Pathology, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Kaneko Y, Chihara G. Potentiation of host resistance against microbial infections by lentinan and its related polysaccharides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1992; 319:201-15. [PMID: 1414595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3434-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaneko
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Konopski Z, Rasmussen LT, Seljelid R, Eskeland T. Phagocytosis of beta-1,3-D-glucan-derivatized microbeads by mouse peritoneal macrophages involves three different receptors. Scand J Immunol 1991; 33:297-306. [PMID: 1849314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal injection of beta-1,3-D-glucan coupled to the surface of monodisperse methacrylate microbeads improves the resistance against bacterial infections in mice, while methacrylate microbeads alone do not. The effect of the glucan-derivatized microbeads (GDM) is considered to be mediated through peritoneal macrophages. We show that both GDM and the underivatized methacrylate microbeads (UDM) treated with normal serum were rapidly bound and phagocytized by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. We found that both complement and fibronectin opsonized the beads and were responsible for the uptake. Treatment of microbeads with serum lacking fibronectin and complement activity still gave some uptake of GDM, but not uptake of UDM. The uptake of GDM was similar to the uptake of untreated GDM and was inhibited by pretreatment of macrophages with soluble beta-1,3-D-glucan. Our conclusion is that GDM and UDM intraperitoneally bind fibronectin and C3 through activation of the alternative pathway of complement. This leads to their phagocytosis by macrophages through fibronectin and complement receptors. GDM are also internalized via beta-glucan receptors. We present the hypothesis that the beta-glucan receptors on peritoneal macrophages account for the protective effect of GDM in intraperitoneal bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Konopski
- Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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20
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Goldman R, Jaffe CL. Administration of beta-glucan following Leishmania major infection suppresses disease progression in mice. Parasite Immunol 1991; 13:137-45. [PMID: 2052403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1991.tb00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential of beta-glucan (glucan) to suppress the progression of lesions caused by virulent strains of Leishmania major in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice when administered post challenge was evaluated. Glucan particles (glucanp) prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were injected i.v. at 7-day intervals starting 7 days after parasite challenge. Four injections gave a more rapid and a higher extent of suppression than 1, 2 or 3 injections. Mice receiving only parasites, a glucose solution, starch particles or glucanp by the i.p. route showed a progressive increase in footpad thickness and developed ulcerating lesions. An alkali solubilized glucan (glucanas) was injected (50 micrograms, 200 micrograms and 400 micrograms/mouse) 4 times at 4 day intervals either i.v. or i.p. starting four days post parasite challenge. Glucanas injection by either route blocked lesion development; the 50 micrograms treatment had already substantial effects and 400 micrograms in the i.p. route prevented even the initial stages of lesion formation. Touch prints from the lesion area and from the liver of mice receiving 200 micrograms glucanas were amastigote free. The anti Leishmania antibody titre of glucanas treated mice was lower and their sera recognized fewer antigens than that of control Leishmania bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goldman
- Department of Membrane Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Williams DL, Yaeger RG, Pretus HA, Browder IW, McNamee RB, Jones EL. Immunization against Trypanosoma cruzi: adjuvant effect of glucan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1989; 11:403-10. [PMID: 2506140 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(89)90087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, infects humans and animals in tropical, subtropical and some temperature regions of the western hemisphere. At present, there is no effective vaccine for T. cruzi infection. Glucan, a beta-1,3 polyglucose biological response modifier, possesses significant adjuvant activity. The present study investigated the adjuvant activity of particulate glucan when combined with a vaccine of glutaraldehyde-killed T. cruzi culture forms. ICR/HSD mice (20 g) were injected s.c. with glutaraldehyde-killed T. cruzi on days 21, 14 and 7 prior to challenge with 50 T. cruzi blood forms. Particulate glucan (1 mg/mouse) was administered s.c. either alone or in conjunction with T. cruzi vaccine. Isovolumetric dextrose served as control. Dextrose, glucan or T. cruzi vaccine as single treatment regimens showed 100% mortality with 20.5, 21.4 and 21.6 day median survival times, respectively. In contrast, glucan administered with T. cruzi vaccine showed an 85% (P less than 0.01) survival at 275 days post-challenge. In addition, the number of T. cruzi observed in the blood of glucan--T. cruzi immunized mice was lower than the appropriate controls. However, immunized mice which survived at 275 days were positive for the presence of T. cruzi by xenodiagnosis. Histopathologic evaluation of glucan--T. cruzi mice revealed no parasites or cardiac pathology, but a mild splenic hyperplasia and inflammation of skeletal muscle were noted. In subsequent studies, mice were immunized with the same regimen of glucan--T. cruzi and challenged with 500 or 5000 T. cruzi. Glucan significantly (P less than 0.05) increased survival as denoted by 60% and 50% survival in the glucan-T. cruzi group vs 0% in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Williams
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
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Kumar P, Ahmad S. Glucan-induced immunity in mice against Plasmodium berghei. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1985; 79:211-3. [PMID: 3913389 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1985.11811908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lemaire G, Tenu JP, Petit JF, Lederer E. Effects of Microbially Derived Products on Mononuclear Phagocytes. Pharmacology 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9406-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Haq A, Sharma A, Ahmad S. Increased macrophage migration inhibition factor production in hamsters sensitized by amoebic antigen and glucan. Parasite Immunol 1984; 6:391-6. [PMID: 6089076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1984.tb00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Well defined cell-mediated immune responses were detectable following experimental immunization of hamsters with Entamoeba histolytica antigen, using glucan as an adjuvant. Peritoneal cells from amoeba antigen-glucan sensitized animals, upon incubation with specific antigen in vitro, were found to release into the supernatant a macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF). Such supernatant fluids inhibited the migration of macrophages from non-sensitized hamsters. The production of MIF was found to be greatly increased if glucan is added to amoeba antigen when sensitizing animals. The optimal concentration for maximum inhibition was recorded at 10(-8) dilution of the supernatant.
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Sharma A, Haq AU, Siddiqui MU, Ahmad S. Immunization of guinea pigs against Entamoeba histolytica using glucan as an adjuvant. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1984; 6:483-91. [PMID: 6094370 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(84)90087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Beta 1-3 polyglucose or glucan, an extract of cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been successfully employed in this laboratory as an effective immunopotentiator in experimental studies on amoebiasis. An antigen extract from Entamoeba histolytica was combined with beta, 1-3 glucan for immunizing guinea pigs. In order to study the effectiveness of such vaccine preparations, several batches of guinea pigs were immunized with amoeba antigen alone, and in combination with various immunoadjuvants. Antigen inoculations were carried out via intraperitoneal route. Protective immune responses were obtained against amoeba antigen by using glucan as an adjuvant partner. The study showed that glucan can be safely used as an effective immune enhancer.
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Browder IW, Williams DL, Kitahama A, Di Luzio NR. Modification of post-operative C. albicans sepsis by glucan immunostimulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1984; 6:19-26. [PMID: 6724765 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(84)90030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucan, a beta-1,3 polyglucose, was evaluated for its ability to enhance resistance of post-operative mice to experimentally induced C. albicans sepsis. Male C57BL/6J mice were injected i.v. with glucan (0.45 mg/mouse) on days 10,7,4 and 1 prior to midline laparotomy and intravenous challenge with 3 X 10(6) C. albicans. The detrimental effect of surgery on survival following C. albicans infection was manifested by a 47% survival in the non-surgery-infected group in contrast to 20% in the surgery-infected group. Protection against C. albicans was observed in the glucan-treated groups. The glucan-treated non-operated mice manifested 100% survival while the surgery group had a 73% survival. Glucan significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytic function in control and operated mice. Laparotomy alone did not significantly depress macrophage phagocytosis. Histopathological studies revealed that glucan markedly inhibited the renal pathology associated with C. albicans challenge both in the presence and absence of laparotomy. These data indicate that glucan increased survival and reduced renal pathology associated with C. albicans challenge in the post-operative period. These observations suggest that Biologic Response Modifiers such as glucan may be effectively employed in patients who are at risk for post-operative infections.
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Cook JA, Holbrook TW. Immunogenicity of soluble and particulate antigens from Leishmania donovani: effect of glucan as an adjuvant. Infect Immun 1983; 40:1038-43. [PMID: 6852909 PMCID: PMC348155 DOI: 10.1128/iai.40.3.1038-1043.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective efficacy of glucan as an adjuvant with killed promastigotes of Leishmania donovani was compared with that of soluble or particulate fractions of the parasite. When these vaccine preparations were injected either intravenously or subcutaneously in CF-1 mice, glucan potentiated resistance against L. donovani infections as reflected by significant reductions in hepatic amastigote counts relative to infected control mice. The leishmanial antigens alone afforded no protection. Serum direct agglutination titers to leishmanial antigens were highest in all groups given the vaccine intravenously, whereas the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to the antigen was positive only in groups immunized subcutaneously with glucan as an adjuvant. Some index of protection and immune response against visceral infection with the parasite was seen in groups vaccinated with glucan and soluble antigens. However, the protection afforded by glucan and particulate antigens of L. donovani more closely paralleled the resistance of mice treated with glucan and unfractionated killed promastigotes. Further antigenic analysis of particulate fractions of L. donovani may optimize effective immunization when used with appropriate adjuvants, e.g., glucan.
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