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Uddin MS, Kaldis A, Menassa R, Ortiz Guluarte J, Barreda DR, Guan LL, Alexander TW. Mucosal Immunization with Spore-Based Vaccines against Mannheimia haemolytica Enhances Antigen-Specific Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:375. [PMID: 38675757 PMCID: PMC11054499 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mannheimia haemolytica is a bovine respiratory pathogen commonly associated with bacterial bronchopneumonia. Current vaccine strategies have shown variable efficacy in feedlot cattle, and therefore novel vaccines are needed. Bacillus subtilis spores have been investigated as a mucosal vaccine platform, due to their ability to bind and present antigens to the mucosa and act as an adjuvant. The aim of this study was to develop two spore-based mucosal vaccines targeting M. haemolytica and evaluate their immunogenicity in mice. METHODS Two antigen constructs composed of cholera toxin B subunit, M. haemolytica leukotoxin, and either the M. haemolytica outer membrane protein PlpE (MhCP1) or GS60 (MhCP2) were synthesized, purified and then bound to spores as vaccines. In two separate mice trials, the spore-bound vaccines (Spore-MhCP1 and Spore-MhCP2) were administered to mice through intranasal and intragastric routes, while free antigens were administered intranasally and intramuscularly. Unbound spores were also evaluated intranasally. Antigen-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA from bronchoalveolar lavage, feces, and saliva were measured after vaccination. Mice sera from all treatment groups were assessed for their bactericidal activity against M. haemolytica. RESULTS In both mice experiments, intramuscular immunization induced the strongest serum IgG antibody response. However, the intranasal administration of Spore-MhCP1 and Spore-MhCP2 elicited the greatest secretory IgA-specific response against leukotoxin, PlpE, and GS60 in bronchoalveolar lavage, saliva, and feces (p < 0.05). Compared to the intranasal administration of free antigen, spore-bound antigen groups showed greater bactericidal activity against M. haemolytica (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Since intranasally delivered Spore-MhCP1 and Spore-MhCP2 elicited both systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice, these vaccines may have potential to mitigate lung infection in cattle by restricting M. haemolytica colonization and proliferation in the respiratory tract. The efficacy of these mucosal spore-based vaccines merits further assessment against M. haemolytica in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Salah Uddin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (M.S.U.); (J.O.G.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (D.R.B.); (L.L.G.)
| | - Angelo Kaldis
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada; (A.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Rima Menassa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada; (A.K.); (R.M.)
| | - José Ortiz Guluarte
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (M.S.U.); (J.O.G.)
| | - Daniel R. Barreda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (D.R.B.); (L.L.G.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (D.R.B.); (L.L.G.)
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Trevor W. Alexander
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (M.S.U.); (J.O.G.)
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Jazi MA, Chirani AS, Hajikhani B, Ebrahimipour G, Goudarzi M. Unraveling the immunopotentiation of P. aeruginosa PAPI-1 encoded pilin: From immunoinformatics survey to active immunization. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111197. [PMID: 37951200 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
For protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, a number of vaccine candidates have been introduced thus far. However, despite significant attempts in recent years, there are currently no effective immunogenic Bacteria components against this pathogen on the market. P. aeruginosa encoding a number of different virulence characteristics, as well as the rapid growth in multiple drug-resistant forms, has raised numerous health issues throughout the world. This pathogen expresses three different subtypes of T4P, including IVa, IVb, and Tad which are involved in various cellular processes. Highly virulent strains of P. aeruginosa can encode well-conserved PAPI-1 associated PilS2 pilus. Designing an efficient pili-based immunotherapy approach targeting P. aeruginosa pilus has remained controversial due to the variability heterogeneousness and hidden well-preserved binding site of T4aP and no approved human study is commercially based on IVa pilin. In this investigation, for the first time, through analytical immunoinformatics, we designed an effective chimeric PilS2 immunogen against numerous clinically important P. aeruginosa strains. Through active immunization against the extremely conserved region of the chimeric PilS2 pilin, we showed that PilS2 chimeric pilin whether administered alone or formulated with alum as an adjuvant could substantially stimulate humoral immunological responses in BALB/c mice. Based on these findings, we conclude that PilS2 pilin is therapeutically effective against a variety of highly virulent strains of P. aeruginosa and can act as a new immunogen for more research towards the creation of efficient immunotherapy techniques against the P. aeruginosa as a dexterous pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Arefian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Ebrahimipour
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Uddin MS, Guluarte JO, Abbott DW, Inglis GD, Guan LL, Alexander TW. Development of a spore-based mucosal vaccine against the bovine respiratory pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12981. [PMID: 37563163 PMCID: PMC10415371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant health issue in the North American feedlot industry, causing substantial financial losses due to morbidity and mortality. A lack of effective vaccines against BRD pathogens has resulted in antibiotics primarily being used for BRD prevention. The aim of this study was to develop a mucosal vaccine against the BRD pathogen, Mannheimia haemolytica, using Bacillus subtilis spores as an adjuvant. A chimeric protein (MhCP) containing a tandem repeat of neutralizing epitopes from M. haemolytica leukotoxin A (NLKT) and outer membrane protein PlpE was expressed to produce antigen for adsorption to B. subtilis spores. Adsorption was optimized by comparing varying amounts of antigen and spores, as well as different buffer pH and reaction temperatures. Using the optimal adsorption parameters, spore-bound antigen (Spore-MhCP) was prepared and administered to mice via two mucosal routes (intranasal and intragastric), while intramuscular administration of free MhCP and unvaccinated mice were used as positive and negative control treatments, respectively. Intramuscular administration of MhCP elicited the strongest serum IgG response. However, intranasal immunization of Spore-MhCP generated the best secretory IgA-specific response against both PlpE and NLKT in all samples evaluated (bronchoalveolar lavage, saliva, and feces). Since proliferation of M. haemolytica in the respiratory tract is a prerequisite to lung infection, this spore-based vaccine may offer protection in cattle by limiting colonization and subsequent infection, and Spore-MhCP warrants further evaluation in cattle as a mucosal vaccine against M. haemolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Salah Uddin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jose Ortiz Guluarte
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - G Douglas Inglis
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Potential Therapeutic Targets for Combination Antibody Therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121530. [PMID: 34943742 PMCID: PMC8698887 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and even the advent of some effective vaccines, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) remains a significant cause of infectious disease, primarily due to antibiotic resistance. Although P. aeruginosa is commonly treatable with readily available therapeutics, these therapies are not always efficacious, particularly for certain classes of patients (e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF)) and for drug-resistant strains. Multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa infections are listed on both the CDC’s and WHO’s list of serious worldwide threats. This increasing emergence of drug resistance and prevalence of P. aeruginosa highlights the need to identify new therapeutic strategies. Combinations of monoclonal antibodies against different targets and epitopes have demonstrated synergistic efficacy with each other as well as in combination with antimicrobial agents typically used to treat these infections. Such a strategy has reduced the ability of infectious agents to develop resistance. This manuscript details the development of potential therapeutic targets for polyclonal antibody therapies to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections. In particular, potential drug targets for combinational immunotherapy against P. aeruginosa are identified to combat current and future drug resistance.
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Abbasi M, Tanomand A, Kafilzadeh F, Zolghadri S, Hosainzadegan H. Preparation and evaluation of the exotoxin A nano-gold conjugate as a vaccine candidate for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1366-1372. [PMID: 35096294 PMCID: PMC8769522 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58367.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is an important cause of nosocomial infections. This bacterium produces various virulence factors, among which exotoxin A is significantly involved in mortality and morbidity. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of native exotoxin A extracted from the P. aeruginosa and its conjugation with gold nanoparticles in the animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exotoxin A was first extracted and purified from the culture medium of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by selective precipitation and dialysis. The gold nanoparticles were prepared using the Turkevich method and conjugated to the prepared exotoxin A by electrostatic force. The size and conjugation were confirmed using electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), respectively. The immunogenicity of prepared ExoA-gold nanoparticles was investigated in the mice model. RESULTS The results indicated that nano-gold particles can be conjugated to the native exotoxin A with high efficiency. Immunogenicity investigation demonstrated that antibody titers produced against native exotoxin A and its conjugate to nano-gold particles are significant in a mouse model (P<0.005). Moreover, significant protection against 2×LD50 P. aeruginosa infection was observed in animals immunized with nano-gold-exotoxin A as compared with control groups (P=0.00). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that exotoxin A can be produced with acceptable purity in the laboratory, and conjugated to gold nanoparticles. Based on these results nano-gold-exotoxin A conjugate is highly immunogenic and can be considered a potential vaccine candidate for P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Asghar Tanomand
- Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran,Corresponding author: Asghar Tanomand.Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh Iran. Tel: +98-413-7256900;
| | - Farshid Kafilzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hasan Hosainzadegan
- Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Ito S, Nakamura J, Fukuta M, Ura T, Teshigawara T, Fukushima J, Mizuki N, Okuda K, Shimada M. Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis using bacterial membrane vesicles. Vaccine 2021; 39:3152-3160. [PMID: 33934918 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection is one of the major causes of keratitis. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against P. aeruginosa keratitis have yet to be developed. In this study, we explored the use of P. aeruginosa membrane vesicles (MVs) as a prophylactic vaccine as well as the use of immune sera derived from P. aeruginosa MV-immunized animals as a treatment for P. aeruginosa corneal infections in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were intramuscularly immunized with P. aeruginosa MVs; the mouse corneas were then scarified and topically infected with several P. aeruginosa strains, followed by determination of corneal clinical score and corneal bacterial load. Next, immune sera derived from P. aeruginosa MV-immunized ICR mice were administered intraperitoneally to naïve C57BL/6 mice, followed by topical P. aeruginosa challenge. Finally, the immune sera were also used as a topical treatment in the mice with established P. aeruginosa corneal infections. RESULTS P. aeruginosa-specific IgG and IgA antibodies induced by intramuscular immunization were detected not only in the sera but also in the eye-wash solution. Both active and passive immunization significantly inhibited P. aeruginosa corneal infection. Finally, topical treatment with immune sera in the mice with established P. aeruginosa corneal infections notably decreased the corneal clinical score and corneal bacterial load. CONCLUSIONS P. aeruginosa keratitis can be attenuated by vaccination of P. aeruginosa MVs and topical application of P. aeruginosa MV-specific immune sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jutaro Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Michiko Fukuta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Teshigawara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokosuka Chuoh Eye Clinic, Yokosuka 238-0008, Japan
| | - Jun Fukushima
- Department of Microbiology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenji Okuda
- Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimada
- Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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Sainz-Mejías M, Jurado-Martín I, McClean S. Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Host Interactions: The Ongoing Quest for an Efficacious Vaccine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122617. [PMID: 33291484 PMCID: PMC7762141 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute infections in immunocompromised individuals. The adaptability of this opportunistic pathogen has hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies, and consequently, it remains a major threat to public health. Due to its antimicrobial resistance, vaccines represent an alternative strategy to tackle the pathogen, yet despite over 50 years of research on anti-Pseudomonas vaccines, no vaccine has been licensed. Nevertheless, there have been many advances in this field, including a better understanding of the host immune response and the biology of P. aeruginosa. Multiple antigens and adjuvants have been investigated with varying results. Although the most effective protective response remains to be established, it is clear that a polarised Th2 response is sub-optimal, and a mixed Th1/Th2 or Th1/Th17 response appears beneficial. This comprehensive review collates the current understanding of the complexities of P. aeruginosa-host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of Pseudomonal vaccine development and the direction of future efforts. It highlights the importance of the incorporation of appropriate adjuvants to the protective antigen to yield optimal protection.
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Ahmadbeigi Y, Chirani AS, Soleimani N, Mahdavi M, Goudarzi M. Immunopotentiation of the engineered low-molecular-weight pilin targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A combination of immunoinformatics investigation and active immunization. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:70-82. [PMID: 32540517 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several vaccine candidates have been introduced for immunization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Despite extensive efforts in recent decades, there is no accurate immunogenic candidate against this pathogen in the market yet. Due to the rapid increase in several drug-resistant strains, P. aeruginosa has caused various health concerns worldwide. It encodes many specific virulence features, which can be used as an appropriate vaccine candidate. The primary stage of the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa is the expression of many dynamic adhesive molecules, such as type IV pili (T4P), which acts as a principal colonization factor. It has been confirmed that three different subtypes of T4P, including type IVa (T4aP), type IVb (T4bP) and tight adherence (Tad) pili are expressed by P. aeruginosa. The IVa fimbriae type is almost the main cause of challenges to design an effective pili based-immunotherapy method. Nevertheless, in terms of heterogeneity, variability and hidden conserved binding site of T4aP, this attitude has been remained controversial and there is no permitted human study based on IVa pilin commercially. The engineered synthetic peptide-based vaccines are highly talented to mimic the target. In this research, for the first time, some dominant immunogenic features of the Flp protein, such as both B- and T-cell-associated epitopes, presence of IgE-associated epitopes, solvent-accessible surface area were evaluated by analytical immunoinformatics methods. In addition, we designed the engineered Flp pilin as an effective immunogenic substance against several clinically important P. aeruginosa strains. Moreover, by practical active immunization approaches, the humoral and cellular immune response against the extremely conserved region of the engineered synthetic Flp (EFlp) formulated in Montanide ISA 266 compared to the control group. The results of active immunization against EFlp significantly signified that EFlp-Montanide ISA 266 (EFLP-M) strongly could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. We concluded that Flp pilin has therapeutic potential against numerous clinically significant P. aeruginosa strains and can be served as a novel immunogen for further investigations for development of effective immunotherapy methods against P. aeruginosa as a dexterous pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ahmadbeigi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi Chirani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Departments of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Safari Zanjani L, Shapouri R, Dezfulian M, Mahdavi M, Shafiee Ardestani M. Exotoxin A-PLGA nanoconjugate vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: protectivity in murine model. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:94. [PMID: 31187291 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major infectious agent of concern for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate strategies for preventing colonization by this bacterium and/or neutralizing virulence factors. In this study, we formulated the encapsulation of exotoxin A into PLGA nanoparticles. The biological activities of the nanovaccine candidate were also characterized. Based on the results, ETA-PLGA can act as a suitable immunogen to stimulate the humoral and cellular immune response. The antibodies raised against ETA-PLGA significantly decreased bacterial titer in the spleens of the immunized mice after challenge with PAO1 strain, compared to the control groups. The encapsulation of PLGA into ETA led to a significantly higher production of INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17A cytokine responses compared to the ETA group. ETA-PLGA enhanced IgG responses in immunized mice compared to ETA antigen. We concluded that encapsulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ETA to PLGA nanoparticles can increase its functional activity by decreasing the bacterial dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Shapouri
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrouz Dezfulian
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Naito Y, Hamaoka S, Kinoshita M, Kainuma A, Shimizu M, Katoh H, Moriyama K, Ishii KJ, Sawa T. The protective effects of nasal PcrV-CpG oligonucleotide vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 62:774-785. [PMID: 30378708 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An effective vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa would be hugely beneficial to people who are susceptible to the serious infections it can cause. Vaccination against PcrV of the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system is a potential prophylactic strategy for improving the incidence and prognosis of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Here, the effect of nasal PcrV adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) was compared with a nasal PcrV/aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) vaccine. Seven groups of mice were vaccinated intranasally with one of the following: 1, PcrV-CpG; 2, PcrV-alum; 3, PcrV alone; 4, CpG alone; 5, alum alone; 6 and 7, saline control. Fifty days after the first immunization, anti-PcrV IgG, IgA and IgG isotype titers were measured; significant increases in these titers were detected only in the PcrV-CpG vaccinated mice. The vaccinated mice were then intratracheally infected with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa and their body temperatures and survival monitored for 24 hr, edema, bacteria, myeloperoxidase activity and lung histology also being evaluated at 24 hr post-infection. It was found that 73% of the PcrV-CpG-vaccinated mice survived, whereas fewer than 30% of the mice vaccinated with PcrV-alum or adjuvant alone survived. Lung edema and other inflammation-related variables were less severe in the PcrV-CpG group. The significant increase in PcrV-specific IgA titers detected following PcrV-CpG vaccination is probably a component of the disease protection mechanism. Overall, our data show that intranasal PcrV-CpG vaccination has potential efficacy for clinical application against P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saeko Hamaoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kainuma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideya Katoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Moriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Bröker M, Berti F, Schneider J, Vojtek I. Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine protein carriers as a "neglected valency" - Potential and limitations. Vaccine 2017; 35:3286-3294. [PMID: 28487056 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The development of vaccines against polysaccharide-encapsulated pathogens (e.g. Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococci, meningococci) is challenging because polysaccharides do not elicit a strong and long-lasting immune response (i.e. T-cell independent). This can be overcome by conjugating the polysaccharide to a protein carrier (e.g. tetanus toxoid, cross-reacting material 197 [CRM]), which vastly improves the immune response and induces memory to the polysaccharide (T-cell dependent). Although it is well documented that protein carriers additionally induce an immune response against themselves, this potential "additional valency" has so far not been recognized. The only exception is for the protein D carrier (derived from non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae [NTHi]) used in a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which may have a beneficial impact on NTHi acute otitis media. In this review, we describe the immunogenicity of various protein carriers and discuss their potential dual function: as providers of T-cell helper epitopes and as protective antigens. If this "additional valency" could be proven to be protective, it may be possible to consider its potential effect on the number of required immunizations. We also describe the potential for positive or negative interference between conjugate vaccines using the same protein carriers, the resulting desire for novel carriers, and information on potential new carriers. The range of conjugate vaccines is ever expanding, with different carriers and methods of conjugation. We propose that new conjugate vaccine trials should assess immunogenicity to both the polysaccharide and carrier. Ultimately, this so-far "neglected valency" could be an exploitable characteristic of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bröker
- GSK Vaccines GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Str. 76, 35041 Marburg, Germany.
| | | | - Joerg Schneider
- LimmaTech Biologics AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Ivo Vojtek
- GSK Vaccines, Avenue Fleming 20, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.
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Hamaoka S, Naito Y, Katoh H, Shimizu M, Kinoshita M, Akiyama K, Kainuma A, Moriyama K, Ishii KJ, Sawa T. Efficacy comparison of adjuvants in PcrV vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:64-74. [PMID: 28370521 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against the type III secretion system of P. aeruginosa is a potential prophylactic strategy for reducing the incidence and improving the poor prognosis of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. In this study, the efficacies of three different adjuvants, Freund's adjuvant (FA), aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), were examined from the viewpoint of inducing PcrV-specific immunity against virulent P. aeruginosa. Mice that had been immunized intraperitoneally with recombinant PcrV formulated with one of the above adjuvants were challenged intratracheally with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. The PcrV-FA immunized group attained a survival rate of 91%, whereas the survival rates of the PcrV-alum and PcrV-CpG groups were 73% and 64%, respectively. In terms of hypothermia recovery after bacterial instillation, PcrV-alum was the most protective, followed by PcrV-FA and PcrV-CpG. The lung edema index was lower in the PcrV-CpG vaccination group than in the other groups. PcrV-alum immunization was associated with the greatest decrease in myeloperoxidase in infected lungs, and also decreased the number of lung bacteria to a similar number as in the PcrV-FA group. There was less neutrophil recruitment in the lungs of mice vaccinated with PcrV-alum or PcrV-CpG than in those of mice vaccinated with PcrV-FA or PcrV alone. Overall, in terms of mouse survival the PcrV-CpG vaccine, which could be a relatively safe next-generation vaccine, showed a comparable effect to the PcrV-alum vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Hamaoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideya Katoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kainuma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Moriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka 181-8611, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Naidoo N, Pillay M. Bacterial pili, with emphasis on Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili: potential biomarkers for point-of care tests and therapeutics. Biomarkers 2016; 22:93-105. [PMID: 27797276 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Novel biomarkers are essential for developing rapid diagnostics and therapeutic interventions Objective: This review aimed to highlight biomarker characterisation and assessment of unique bacterial pili. METHODS A PubMed search for bacterial pili, diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics was performed, with emphasis on the well characterised pili. RESULTS In total, 46 papers were identified and reviewed. CONCLUSION Extensive analyses of pili enabled by advanced nanotechnology and whole genome sequencing provide evidence that they are strong biomarker candidates. Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili are emphasised as important epitopes for the development of much needed point-of-care diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Naidoo
- a Medical Microbiology and Infection Control , School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella , Durban , South Africa
| | - Manormoney Pillay
- a Medical Microbiology and Infection Control , School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella , Durban , South Africa
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Chatterjee M, Anju C, Biswas L, Anil Kumar V, Gopi Mohan C, Biswas R. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and alternative therapeutic options. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Farajnia S, Peerayeh SN, Tanomand A, Majidi J, Goudarzi G, Naghili B, Rahbarnia L. Protective efficacy of recombinant exotoxin A--flagellin fusion protein against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:60-4. [PMID: 25496361 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium that causes serious nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to prepare a fusion protein consisting of exotoxin A (ExoA) and flagellin (Fla) from P. aeruginosa and to evaluate its potential as a vaccine candidate against P. aeruginosa infection. The genes encoding for ExoA and Fla proteins were cloned in-frame and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant ExoA-Fla fusion protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with ExoA, Fla, and ExoA-Fla fusion proteins, and the humoral immune response was evaluated by ELISA method. The immunized and control group mice were challenged with a 2× LD50 (7.5 × 10(7) CFU) of P. aeruginosa for the protection assay. The results indicated that vaccination with Fla, ExoA, and ExoA-Fla fusion proteins produced a significant amount of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. Immunization of mice with ExoA-Fla fusion protein showed significant protection against intraperitoneal challenge with 7.5 × 10(7) CFU (2× LD50) P. aeruginosa. Results of this study suggest that recombinant ExoA-Fla fusion protein is a highly immunogenic protective protein showing promise as a vaccine candidate against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safar Farajnia
- a Research Center for Infectious and Tropical Disease, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Farjah A, Owlia P, Siadat SD, Mousavi SF, Shafieeardestani M. Conjugation of alginate to a synthetic peptide containing T- and B-cell epitopes as an induction for protective immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt A:240-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tanom A, Farajnia S, Najar Peerayeh S, Majidi J. Cloning, expression and characterization of recombinant exotoxin A-flagellin fusion protein as a new vaccine candidate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 17:1-7. [PMID: 23279828 PMCID: PMC3600974 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.22.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients who suffer from impaired immune responses and chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis. At present, aggressive antibiotic therapy is the only choice for management of P. aeruginosa infections, but emergence of highly resistant strains necessitated the development of novel alternative therapeutics including an effective vaccine. Several P. aeruginosa antigens have been tested for vaccine development, including lipopolysaccharide alone, polysaccharides alginate, extracellular proteins, exotoxin A (exo A) and killed whole cell. However, none of them are currently available clinically. METHODS In this research, recombinant exoA-flagellin (fliC) fusion protein as a cocktail antigen was expressed and purified and its antigenic characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS Expression of recombinant fusion protein by E. coli using pET22b vector resulted in production of exoA-fliC fusion protein in high concentration. Based on Western-blotting results, recombinant fusion protein showed a good antigenic interaction with sera from patients with various P. aeruginosa infections. CONCLUSION These results suggested that recombinant exoA-fliC fusion protein can be produced in the laboratory, and tested as a candidate vaccine in P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Tanom
- Dept. of Bacteriology Faculty of Medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran;
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz;
| | - Shahin Najar Peerayeh
- Dept. of Bacteriology Faculty of Medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran;
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Dept. of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Xu JN, Yang ZW, Chen JP, Chen DL, Wang T, Liu MJ, Zhang L, Yang BB. Protective immunity against Legionnaires' disease in an A/J mouse model using a DNA vaccine composed of an outer membrane protein (29 kDa) and the pilE fusion protein. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 73:9-15. [PMID: 22465301 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the protective effects of the DNA vaccine (pcDip/pilE) against Legionella pneumophila, the coding sequences of the 2 proteins were cloned into the pET32a(+) and pcDNA3.1(+) vectors. To provide an enhanced immunological response, the proteins were linked together. In this study, the A/J mouse model was used for examine the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the DNA vaccines of pcDip, pcDpilE and pcDip/pilE. Our results showed that the total IgG titers were higher level increasing after the stimulation of pcDip/pilE than pcDip and pcDpilE immunization. The DNA vaccine (pcDip/pilE) can protect the A/J mouse against a higher dose (2 × 10(7)L. pneumophila cells) of L. pneumonia compared to the other single-DNA vaccine in our study, and the ratio of the survival reached 100% in 10 days after the last DNA vaccine immunization. Our study indicates that these findings provide experimental evidence to support the claim that pcDip/pilE may be an efficient DNA vaccine against Legionella pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-nan Xu
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Sharma A, Krause A, Worgall S. Recent developments for Pseudomonas vaccines. HUMAN VACCINES 2011; 7:999-1011. [PMID: 21941090 DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.10.16369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major health problem for immune-compromised patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis. A vaccine against: P. aeruginosa has long been sought after, but is so far not available. Several vaccine candidates have been assessed in experimental animals and humans, which include sub-cellular fractions, capsule components, purified and recombinant proteins. Unique characteristics of the host and the pathogen have complicated the vaccine development. This review summarizes the current state of vaccine development for this ubiquitous pathogen, in particular to provide mucosal immunity against infections of the respiratory tract in susceptible individuals with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sharma
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Genetic characterization indicates that a specific subpopulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with keratitis infections. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:993-1003. [PMID: 21227987 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02036-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes a variety of infections in humans. Populations of P. aeruginosa are dominated by common clones that can be isolated from diverse clinical and environmental sources. To determine whether specific clones are associated with corneal infection, we used a portable genotyping microarray system to analyze a set of 63 P. aeruginosa isolates from patients with corneal ulcers (keratitis). We then used population analysis to compare the keratitis isolates to a wider collection of P. aeruginosa from various nonocular sources. We identified various markers in a subpopulation of P. aeruginosa associated with keratitis that were in strong disequilibrium with the wider P. aeruginosa population, including oriC, exoU, katN, unmodified flagellin, and the carriage of common genomic islands. The genome sequencing of a keratitis isolate (39016; representing the dominant serotype O11), which was associated with a prolonged clinical healing time, revealed several genomic islands and prophages within the accessory genome. The PCR amplification screening of all 63 keratitis isolates, however, provided little evidence for the shared carriage of specific prophages or genomic islands between serotypes. P. aeruginosa twitching motility, due to type IV pili, is implicated in corneal virulence. We demonstrated that 46% of the O11 keratitis isolates, including 39016, carry a distinctive pilA, encoding the pilin of type IV pili. Thus, the keratitis isolates were associated with specific characteristics, indicating that a subpopulation of P. aeruginosa is adapted to cause corneal infection.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although most reviews of Pseudomonas aeruginosa therapeutics focus on antibiotics currently in use or in the pipeline, we review evolving translational strategies aimed at using virulence factor antagonists as adjunctive therapies. DATA SOURCE Current literature regarding P. aeruginosa virulence determinants and approaches that target them, with an emphasis on type III secretion, quorum-sensing, biofilms, and flagella. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS P. aeruginosa remains one of the most important pathogens in nosocomial infections, with high associated morbidity and mortality. Its predilection to develop resistance to antibiotics and expression of multiple virulence factors contributes to the frequent ineffectiveness of current therapies. Among the many P. aeruginosa virulence determinants that impact infections, type III secretion, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and flagella have been the focus on much recent investigation. Here we review how increased understanding of these important bacterial structures and processes has enabled the development of novel approaches to inhibit each. These promising translational strategies may lead to the development of adjunctive therapies capable of improving outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant therapies directed against virulence factors have the potential to improve outcomes in P. aeruginosa infections.
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Ayalew S, Confer AW, Payton ME, Garrels KD, Shrestha B, Ingram KR, Montelongo MA, Taylor JD. Mannheimia haemolytica chimeric protein vaccine composed of the major surface-exposed epitope of outer membrane lipoprotein PlpE and the neutralizing epitope of leukotoxin. Vaccine 2008; 26:4955-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Vaccines and immunotherapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vaccine 2008; 26:1011-24. [PMID: 18242792 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Maher S, Feighery L, Brayden DJ, McClean S. Melittin as a permeability enhancer II: in vitro investigations in human mucus secreting intestinal monolayers and rat colonic mucosae. Pharm Res 2007; 24:1346-56. [PMID: 17380268 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melittin has shown potential as a non-cytotoxic absorption enhancer in Caco-2 monolayers. Our objectives were to assess in vitro efficacy and cytotoxicity of melittin in two intestinal permeability models and investigate the potential mechanism by which melittin might enhance gastrointestinal absorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of melittin were examined in the mucus-secreting intestinal cell monolayers, HT29-MTX-E12 (E12), using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the MTT viability assay. The effects of melittin on TER, permeability and short circuit current (Isc) were also investigated in rat colon mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers. Ion transporting capacity of tissue was measured in response to secretagogues as surrogate markers of cytotoxicity. Melittin stability was examined by a means of a hemolytic assay. The mechanism by which melittin decreases TER across the rat mucosa was examined with a range of enzymatic inhibitors. RESULTS Apical addition of melittin resulted in a reversible non-cytotoxic concentration-dependent decrease in TER across E12 monolayers, which was independent of the presence of mucus. Apical addition of melittin reduced TER and increased the permeability of [(14)C]-mannitol across rat colonic mucosae. The melittin-induced drop in TER in rat colon was significantly attenuated by W7 suggesting partial mediation by calmodulin. CONCLUSIONS The rapid and reversible nature of melittin's permeation enhancing properties and its limited cytotoxicity in polarized intestinal epithelia, suggests a potential drug delivery role for the peptide in oral formulations of poorly absorbed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Maher
- ITT Dublin, Belgard Road, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Saha S, Takeshita F, Sasaki S, Matsuda T, Tanaka T, Tozuka M, Takase K, Matsumoto T, Okuda K, Ishii N, Yamaguchi K, Klinman DM, Xin KQ, Okuda K. Multivalent DNA vaccine protects mice against pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vaccine 2006; 24:6240-9. [PMID: 16806598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For efficacious vaccine development against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), the immunogenicity of multivalent DNA vaccine was evaluated. Three different plasmids each targeting a fusion of outer membrane proteins (OprF/OprI), a protein regulating type III secretion system (PcrV), or an appendage (PilA) were prepared and mice were immunized with single (monovalent) or a combination of these plasmids (multivalent) via intramuscular electroporation (imEPT) or gene gun. Immunization with multivalent DNA vaccine via imEPT induced the most potent protection against lethal pneumonia. Although the serum levels of IgG binding to whole bacteria cells were comparable between groups, the strongest immune protection was associated with the serum levels of Th1-dominated multivalent IgG, the bronchoalveolar levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and IFN-gamma, and the number of neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage following intranasal challenge. These results implied the possible clinical application of multivalent DNA vaccine against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Saha
- Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Kipnis E, Sawa T, Wiener-Kronish J. Targeting mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis. Med Mal Infect 2006; 36:78-91. [PMID: 16427231 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for ventilator-acquired pneumonia, acute lower respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised patients and chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. High incidence, infection severity and increasing resistance characterize P. aeruginosa infections, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options. One such option is to target the many pathogenic mechanisms conferred to P. aeruginosa by its large genome encoding many different virulence factors. This article reviews the pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapies targeting these mechanisms in P. aeruginosa respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kipnis
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room s-261, Medical Science Building, Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Sedlak-Weinstein E, Cripps AW, Kyd JM, Foxwell AR. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the potential to immunise against infection. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 5:967-82. [PMID: 16018741 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.5.7.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a serious pathogen for specific cohorts of patients where chronic infection is a poor prognostic indicator, such as those with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds or those who are immunocompromised. Significant disease burden is associated with a diverse spectrum of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. To date, vaccines against P. aeruginosa have shown limited and often conflicting efficacy data, especially against heterologous strains, which are increasingly identified as co-colonisers of biofilms. While few studies have gone beyond Phase II clinical trials, a particular concern is the ability of P. aeruginosa to evade the immune system while provoking an immune response that contributes to the destructive nature of infection. Therefore, vaccine development needs to focus on preventing attachment and colonisation, as well as preventing conversion to a mucoid phenotype that is characteristic of the chronic condition that promotes pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sedlak-Weinstein
- Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, School of Medicine, PMB 50, Gold Coast Mail Centre, Queensland 9726, Australia
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Hsieh JC, Tham DM, Feng W, Huang F, Embaie S, Liu K, Dean D, Hertle R, Fitzgerald DJ, Mrsny RJ. Intranasal immunization strategy to impede pilin-mediated binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to airway epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2005; 73:7705-17. [PMID: 16239575 PMCID: PMC1273878 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.11.7705-7717.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections represents a critical unmet medical need for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We have examined the tenet that a mucosal immunization approach can reduce interactions of a piliated form of this opportunistic pathogen with respiratory epithelial cells. Vaccinations were performed using ntPEpilinPAK, a protein chimera composed of a nontoxic form of P. aeruginosa exotoxin A (ntPE), where the C-terminal loop amino acid sequence of the PAK strain pilin protein was inserted in place of the ntPE Ib domain. Intranasal (i.n.) immunization of BALB/c mice with ntPEpilinPAK generated both serum and saliva immune responses. A series of in vitro studies showed that diluted samples of saliva obtained from immunized mice reduced pilin-dependent P. aeruginosa binding to polarized human tracheal epithelial cells, protected human pulmonary epithelial cells from cytotoxic actions associated with bacterial challenge, and reduced exotoxin A toxicity. Overall, i.n. administration of ntPEpilinPAK induced mucosal and systemic immune responses that may be beneficial for blocking early stage adhesion and/or infection events of epithelial cell-P. aeruginosa interactions at oropharyngeal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Hsieh
- Trinity BioSystems, Inc., 1455 Adams Dr., Suite 1317, Menlo Park, CA 94025-1438, USA
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Ramsey DM, Wozniak DJ. Understanding the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate synthesis and the prospects for management of chronic infections in cystic fibrosis. Mol Microbiol 2005; 56:309-22. [PMID: 15813726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have been dedicated to the study of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative, environmental bacterium that secretes the exopolysaccharide alginate during chronic lung infection of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Although P. aeruginosa utilizes a variety of factors to establish a successful infection in the lungs of CF patients, alginate has stood out as one of the best-studied prognostic indicators of chronic lung infection. While the genetics, biosynthesis and regulation of alginate are well understood, questions still remain concerning its role in biofilm development and its potential as a therapeutic target. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary of alginate biosynthesis and regulation, and to highlight recent discoveries in the areas of alginate production, biofilm formation and vaccine design. This information is placed in context with a proposed P. aeruginosa infectious pathway, highlighting avenues for the use of existing therapies as well as the potential for novel agents to reduce or eliminate chronic infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Ramsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd. Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Kus JV, Tullis E, Cvitkovitch DG, Burrows LL. Significant differences in type IV pilin allele distribution among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) versus non-CF patients. Microbiology (Reading) 2004; 150:1315-1326. [PMID: 15133094 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type IV pili (TFP) are important colonization factors of the opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa, involved in biofilm formation and attachment to host cells. This study undertook a comprehensive analysis of TFP alleles in more than 290 environmental, clinical, rectal and cystic fibrosis (CF) isolates ofP. aeruginosa. Based on the results, a new system of nomenclature is proposed, in whichP. aeruginosaTFP are divided into five distinct phylogenetic groups. Each pilin allele is stringently associated with characteristic, distinct accessory genes that allow the identification of the allele by specific PCR. The invariant association of the pilin and accessory genes implies horizontal transfer of the entire locus. Analysis of pilin allele distribution among isolates from various sources revealed a striking bias in the prevalence of isolates with group I pilin genes from CF compared with non-CF human sources (P<0·0001), suggesting this particular pilin type, which can be post-translationally modified by glycosylation via the action of TfpO (PilO), may confer a colonization or persistence advantage in the CF host. This allele was also predominant in paediatric CF isolates (29 of 43; 67·4 %), showing that this bias is apparent early in colonization. Group I pilins were also the most common type found in environmental isolates tested. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first example of aP. aeruginosavirulence factor allele that is strongly associated with CF isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne V Kus
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection and Biomaterials Research, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 7142A Elm Wing, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Elizabeth Tullis
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis G Cvitkovitch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lori L Burrows
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection and Biomaterials Research, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 7142A Elm Wing, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
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Mrsny RJ, Daugherty AL, McKee ML, FitzGerald DJ. Bacterial toxins as tools for mucosal vaccination. Drug Discov Today 2002; 7:247-58. [PMID: 11839522 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(01)02139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the biological properties of secreted bacterial toxins could be harnessed for the induction of mucosal and systemic immunity following application at epithelial surfaces. Although the properties and potential application of several of these toxins will be discussed in this review, special focus will be placed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE). A non-toxic form of PE (ntPE) into which antigenic epitopes can be integrated appears to be a particularly promising vaccination tool, which is able to cross the polarized epithelia of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and reproductive tracts and selectively target macrophages and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Mrsny
- Cardiff University, Center for Drug Delivery/Biology, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, UK CF10 3XF.
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