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Aryal A, Harmon AC, Varner KJ, Noël A, Cormier SA, Nde DB, Mottram P, Maxie J, Dugas TR. Inhalation of particulate matter containing environmentally persistent free radicals induces endothelial dysfunction mediated via AhR activation at the air-blood interface. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:246-260. [PMID: 38310335 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFR) is formed by the incomplete combustion of organic wastes, resulting in the chemisorption of pollutants to the surface of PM containing redox-active transition metals. In prior studies in mice, EPFR inhalation impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. These findings were associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation in the alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells that form the air-blood interface in the lung. We thus hypothesized that AhR activation in AT-II cells promotes the systemic release of mediators that promote endothelium dysfunction peripheral to the lung. To test our hypothesis, we knocked down AhR in AT-II cells of male and female mice and exposed them to 280 µg/m3 EPFR lo (2.7e + 16 radicals/g) or EPFR (5.5e + 17 radicals/g) compared with filtered air for 4 h/day for 1 day or 5 days. AT-II-AhR activation-induced EPFR-mediated endothelial dysfunction, reducing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by 59%, and eNOS expression by 50%. It also increased endothelin-1 mRNA levels in the lungs and peptide levels in the plasma in a paracrine fashion, along with soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and iNOS mRNA expression, possibly via NF-kB activation. Finally, AhR-dependent increases in antioxidant response signaling, coupled to increased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in the lungs of EPFR-exposed littermate control but not AT-II AhR KO mice suggested that ATII-specific AhR activation promotes oxidative and nitrative stress. Thus, AhR activation at the air-blood interface mediates endothelial dysfunction observed peripheral to the lung, potentially via release of systemic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Aryal
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Kurt J Varner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College and Pennington Biomedical Research Institute, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Divine B Nde
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Peter Mottram
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jemiah Maxie
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Tammy R Dugas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Blanot M, Casaroli-Marano RP, Mondéjar-Medrano J, Sallén T, Ramírez E, Segú-Vergés C, Artigas L. Aflibercept Off-Target Effects in Diabetic Macular Edema: An In Silico Modeling Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3621. [PMID: 38612432 PMCID: PMC11011561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) is a treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME), but its mechanism of action (MoA) has not been completely elucidated. Here, we aimed to explore IAI's MoA and its multi-target nature in DME pathophysiology with an in silico (computer simulation) disease model. We used the Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (Anaxomics Biotech property) to generate mathematical models based on the available scientific knowledge at the time of the study, describing the relationship between the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) by IAI and DME pathophysiological processes. We also undertook an enrichment analysis to explore the processes modulated by IAI, visualized the effectors' predicted protein activity, and specifically evaluated the role of VEGFR1 pathway inhibition on DME treatment. The models simulated the potential pathophysiology of DME and the likely IAI's MoA by inhibiting VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 signaling. The action of IAI through both signaling pathways modulated the identified pathophysiological processes associated with DME, with the strongest effects in angiogenesis, blood-retinal barrier alteration and permeability, and inflammation. VEGFR1 inhibition was essential to modulate inflammatory protein effectors. Given the role of VEGFR1 signaling on the modulation of inflammatory-related pathways, IAI may offer therapeutic advantages for DME through sustained VEGFR1 pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Blanot
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
| | - Ricardo Pedro Casaroli-Marano
- Department of Surgery (FMCS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thaïs Sallén
- Bayer Hispania S.L., 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (T.S.)
| | - Esther Ramírez
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
| | - Cristina Segú-Vergés
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Artigas
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
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Yehia N, Mohamed FH, Al-Zaban MI, Amer F, Baazaoui N, Khattab MS, Abd Elhalem Mohamed A, Salem HM, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Omar DM. The influence of Spirulina extract on pathogenicity, immune response, and vaccine efficacy against H9N2 avian influenza virus in specific pathogen free chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103194. [PMID: 38041892 PMCID: PMC10731387 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) viruses pose a risk to the worldwide poultry industry. Ultimately, improving the efficiency of the H9N2 vaccine is necessary to better control low-pathogenic avian influenza-H9N2 by using natural immunostimulant. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine varying doses of the cyanobacterium Spirulina extract on the effectiveness of H9N2 vaccine. Thus, a total of 150 specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were allocated into 6 groups, 25 birds each, as follow: G1, G2, and G6 were supplemented with 200, 400, and 400 mg Spirulina extract/kg feed, respectively, whilst the feed in G3, G4, and G5 were not supplemented with Spirulina extract. At 21-days-old, only the chickens in G1, G2, and G3 were vaccinated with the H9N2 AI vaccine. After 4 wk postvaccination, the chickens in G1, G2, G3, G4, and G6 were challenged with H9N2 AI Egyptian strain. The challenged virus was selected from a recent circulating Egyptian strain during 2022, and it was related to A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97-like virus lineage and clustered with G1-B sub-lineage EGY-2 group. It had a high amino acids identity percentage of 92.6% with the A/chicken/Iran/av1221/1998 (Boehringer Ingelheim) vaccine. The results of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (rRT-PCR) revealed that no shedding of the virus was reported in G1, G2, G3, and G5. The supplementation of Spirulina extract in low (200 mg/kg of feed) and high (400 mg/kg of feed) concentration with the birds vaccinated with H9N2 AI vaccine (G1 and G2) induced prominent immuno-stimulatory effect in a dose dependent manner where it strongly enhanced the phagocytic activities of broilers' peripheral blood monocytes, and lysozyme at all days postvaccination (dpv) and days postchallenge (dpc) compared to other groups with significant differences at all day of experiment and 21st dpv, 28th dpv, 7th dpc, and 14th dpc, respectively. The supplementation with Spirulina extract in G1 and G2 induced the highest hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer in a dose-dependent manner at all-time intervals. The antibody titer postvaccination was significantly increased in G1 and G2 at 14th, and 21st dpv, in comparison with G3. Furthermore, G1 and G2 showed higher significant antibody titers at 7th and 14th dpc, compared to other groups. Furthermore, Spirulina extract (200 and 400 mg/kg feed) in G1 and G2 showed anti-inflammatory effect in a dose dependant manner by downregulating nitric oxide levels at all times postchallenge with a significant difference at 3 to 7 dpc compared to G3, G4, and G6, with improved histopathological alterations in the trachea, lung, kidney, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. G6 supplied with 400 mg/kg Spirulina extract feed only without vaccination had a similar effect as vaccinated groups on innate immunity. However, it delayed the production of antibodies and did not prevent viral shedding as in vaccinated groups. In conclusion, vaccination in conjunction with either dose of Spirulina extract (G1, and G2) prevents viral shedding, increases the immune response, and reduces inflammation and histopathological change caused by H9N2 AI infection in a dose dependent manner. We recommend the use of 400 mg Spirulina extract/kg feed as a natural immunostimulant in conjunction with the H9N2 vaccine to achieve the highest possible level of protection against H9N2 AI infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Farida H Mohamed
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mayasar I Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Amer
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd Elhalem Mohamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Dalia M Omar
- The Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics (CLEVB), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt
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Ikeda T, Kurokawa H, Ito H, Tsuchiya K, Matsui H. Enhancement of cytotoxic effects with ALA-PDT on treatment of radioresistant cancer cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:17-21. [PMID: 38292126 PMCID: PMC10822760 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a lower invasive local treatment than surgery and is selected as a primary treatment for solid tumors. However, when some cancer cells obtain radiotherapy tolerance, cytotoxicity of radiotherapy for cancer cells is attenuated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive cancer therapy combined with photosensitizers and laser irradiation with an appropriate wavelength. PDT is carried out for recurrent esophageal cancer patients after radiation chemotherapy and is an effective treatment for radiation-resistant tumors. However, it is not clear why PDT is effective against radioresistant cancers. In this study, we attempted to clear this mechanism using X-ray resistant cancer cells. X-ray resistant cells produce high amounts of mitochondria-derived ROS, which enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, resulting in increased NO production. Moreover, the expression of PEPT1 that imports 5-aminolevulinic acid, the precursor of photosensitizers, was upregulated in X-ray resistant cancer cells. This was accompanied by an increase in intracellular 5-aminolevulinic acid-derived porphyrin accumulation, resulting in enhancement of PDT-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, effective accumulation of photosensitizers induced by ROS and NO may achieve PDT after radiation therapy and PDT could be a promising treatment for radioresistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ikeda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kurokawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Phycochemy Corp., 2-10-2 Matsushiro, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0035, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate (QLMS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Shams G, Allah SA, Ezzat R, Said MA. Ameliorative effects of berberine and selenium against paracetamol-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Open Vet J 2024; 14:292-303. [PMID: 38633147 PMCID: PMC11018419 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Paracetamol (PCM) overdosing induces hepatotoxicity, which can result in death if the dose is high enough and the patients are not given N-acetyl cysteine. Berberine (BBR) has a variety of biological proprieties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Aim Assessment of the potential effect of BBR and selenium when used alone or together on the PCM-induced acute hepatic toxicity in rats. Methods This research involved 40 clinically healthy mature adult male albino rats, their weights ranged from 150 to 200 g and housed in standard conditions. Our study involved evaluating the potential effect of BBR and selenium when used alone or together on the PCM-induced acute hepatic toxicity via estimation of the liver function tests, determination of the antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation markers, immune-modulatory effects, liver histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. Results Co-treatment of BBR (150 mg/kg BW) with selenium (5 mg/kg BW) showed significant improvement in the liver function parameters, the antioxidant enzyme activities, reduction in the nitric oxide (NO), lysozyme, malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, and TGF-β1 levels, and marked elevation in the IgM levels. Conclusion Altogether, BBR, selenium, or both augment antioxidant activity and alleviate PCM-induced hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Shams
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Somia Abd Allah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Raghda Ezzat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Said
- Medical Administration, Students' Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Seo EJ, Khelifi D, Fayez S, Feineis D, Bringmann G, Efferth T, Dawood M. Molecular determinants of the response of cancer cells towards geldanamycin and its derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110677. [PMID: 37586545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Geldanamycin is an ansamycin-derivative of a benzoquinone isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It inhibits tyrosine kinases and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Geldanamycin and 11 derivatives were subjected to molecular docking to HSP90, and 17-desmethoxy-17-N,N-dimethylamino-geldanamycin (17-DMAG) was the compound with the highest binding affinity (-7.73 ± 0.12 kcal/mol) and the lowest inhibition constant (2.16 ± 0.49 μM). Therefore, 17-DMAG was selected for further experiments in comparison to geldanamycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major problem for successful cancer therapy. We tested geldanamycin and 17-DMAG against various drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Although geldanamycin and 17-DMAG inhibited the proliferation in all cell lines tested, multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 cells were cross-resistant, ΔEGFR-overexpressing tumor cells and p53 knockout cells were sensitive to these two compounds. COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed, and 60 genes were identified to predict the sensitivity or resistance of 59 NCI tumor cell lines towards geldanamycin and 17-DMAG. The distribution of cell lines according to their mRNA expression profiles indicated sensitivity or resistance to both compounds with statistical significance. Moreover, bioinformatic tools were used to study possible mechanisms of action of geldanamycin and 17-DMAG. Galaxy Cistrome analyses were carried out to predict transcription factor binding motifs in the promoter regions of the candidate genes. Interestingly, the NF-ĸB DNA binding motif (Rel) was identified as the top transcription factor. Furthermore, these 60 genes were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to study the signaling pathway interactions of these genes. Interestingly, IPA also revealed the NF-ĸB pathway as the top network among these genes. Finally, NF-ĸB reporter assays confirmed the bioinformatic prediction, and both geldanamycin and 17-DMAG significantly inhibited NF-κB activity after exposure for 24 h. In conclusion, geldanamycin and 17-DMAG exhibited cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines. Their activity was not restricted to HSP90 but indicated an involvement of the NF-KB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daycem Khelifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
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7
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Cheng Y, Xia Q, Lu Z, Luan X, Fan L, Wang Z, Luo D. Maslinic acid attenuates UVB-induced oxidative damage in HFF-1 cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36943873 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage is one of the major mechanisms of ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage to the skin. Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural compound of pentacyclic triterpene acids. It has been proved to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of MA on oxidative damage in human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF-1) and the potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS A specific dose of UVB radiation was used to induce oxidative damage in HFF-1. Based on this, we performed measurements of cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, inflammation-related mediators, and NF-κB nuclear localization with or without the addition of MA. RESULTS MA significantly promoted cell proliferation viability at 10 and 20 μM. The addition of MA 24 h before UVB irradiation was more effective at enhancing cell proliferation and also produced lower ROS levels compared to co-cultured fibroblasts and MA for 24 h after irradiation. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM. The pretreatment group with MA had elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, decreased IL-6 generation, and lowered mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MMP3 in comparison with the UVB-irradiated group without additional MA. Meanwhile, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the degradation of IκB were inhibited by MA pretreatment. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that MA may alleviate UVB-induced oxidative damage in HFF-1 by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qingyue Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhiyu Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xingbao Luan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lipan Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhaopeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Tanikawa T, Kitamura M, Hayashi Y, Tomida N, Uwaya A, Isami F, Yokogawa T, Inoue Y. Anti-inflammatory Effect of a Combination of Cannabidiol and Morinda citrifolia Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264 Macrophages. In Vivo 2023; 37:591-595. [PMID: 36881078 PMCID: PMC10026682 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The inflammatory response plays an important role in the activation and progression of many inflammation-related diseases. Cannabis sativa and Morinda citrifolia have long been used in folk medicine to treat inflammation. Cannabidiol is the most abundant non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid in C. sativa and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabidiol in combination with M. citrifolia and compare its effects with those of cannabidiol alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (200 ng/ml) were treated with cannabidiol (0-10 μM), M. citrifolia seed extract (0-100 μg/ml), or a combination of both for 8 or 24 h. Following the treatments, nitric oxide production in the activated RAW264 cells and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase were assessed. RESULTS Our results showed that combination of cannabidiol (2.5 μM) and M. citrifolia seed extract (100 μg/ml) exhibited more efficient inhibition of nitric oxide production than cannabidiol treatment alone in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264 cells. The combination treatment also reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of combined treatment with cannabidiol and M. citrifolia seed extract causes a reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Nutri-Pharmacotherapeutics Management, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Masashi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Marine Resources for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Akemi Uwaya
- Research and Development, Newage, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takami Yokogawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inoue
- Laboratory of Nutri-Pharmacotherapeutics Management, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
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Che HY, Zhou CH, Lyu CC, Meng Y, He YT, Wang HQ, Wu HY, Zhang JB, Yuan B. Allicin Alleviated LPS-Induced Mastitis via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043805. [PMID: 36835218 PMCID: PMC9962488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy farming is the most important economic activity in animal husbandry. Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle and has a significant impact on milk quality and yield. The natural extract allicin, which is the main active ingredient of the sulfur-containing organic compounds in garlic, has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties; however, the specific mechanism underlying its effect on mastitis in dairy cows needs to be determined. Therefore, in this study, whether allicin can reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelium of dairy cows was investigated. A cellular model of mammary inflammation was established by pretreating bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) with 10 µg/mL LPS, and the cultures were then treated with varying concentrations of allicin (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 µM) added to the culture medium. MAC-T cells were examined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of allicin. Subsequently, the level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was measured to further explore the mechanism underlying the effect of allicin on bovine mammary epithelial cell inflammation. Treatment with 2.5 µM allicin considerably decreased the LPS-induced increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inhibited activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cow mammary epithelial cells. Further research revealed that allicin also inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa-B-α (IκB-α) and NF-κB p65. In mice, LPS-induced mastitis was also ameliorated by allicin. Therefore, we hypothesize that allicin alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelial cells of cows probably by affecting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Allicin will likely become an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Correspondence: (J.-B.Z.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.); +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.)
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Tavalaei Z, Zeinalian M, Khanahmad H, Hejazi H. Anti-leishmaniasis Effect of Staphylococcus Aureus Protein A on the Size of the Lesion and Parasitic Load. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:61. [PMID: 37200745 PMCID: PMC10186034 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_291_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies in the past have evaluated the role of immune system boosters in the treatment of leishmania major infection. Protein A (PA) is one of the structural components in peptidoglycan cell wall of gram-negative bacteria such as staphylococcus aurous which functions as a stimulator in the cellular immune system. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PA on the recovery of leishmania major infection. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 24 female Balb/c-infected mice. The experimental group received PA at a dose of 60 mg/kg for four weeks. There was no intervention for the negative control group; the third group received the solvent of PA and sterile H2O; and the positive control group received Amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. At the end of the treatment period, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to determine parasitic burden, and the size of the lesions was measured by caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Results Results showed that PA did slightly decrease the wound spread and growth but not to an extent that can be considered statistically significant. Also, differences in cycle threshold (Ct) values between the treated group and the untreated group was not impressive. Conclusions Although findings showed that PA isn't such a good candidate for leishmania treatment, it may still be suitable for therapies that use multiple drugs in combination to speed up the healing of leishmaniosis, an issue that merits evaluation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tavalaei
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Mehrdad Zeinalian, Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Krajina I, Stupin A, Šola M, Mihalj M. Oxidative Stress Induced by High Salt Diet—Possible Implications for Development and Clinical Manifestation of Cutaneous Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Psoriasis vulgaris. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071269. [PMID: 35883760 PMCID: PMC9311978 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oxidative stress is recognized as an important effector mechanism of the immune system, uncontrolled formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species promotes excessive tissue damage and leads to disease development. In view of this, increased dietary salt intake has been found to damage redox systems in the vessel wall, resulting in endothelial dysfunction associated with NO uncoupling, inflammation, vascular wall remodeling and, eventually, atherosclerosis. Several studies have reported increased systemic oxidative stress accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity following a high salt diet. In addition, vigorous ionic effects on the immune mechanisms, such as (trans)differentiation of T lymphocytes are emerging, which together with the evidence of NaCl accumulation in certain tissues warrants a re-examination of the data derived from in vitro research, in which the ionic influence was excluded. Psoriasis vulgaris (PV), as a primarily Th17-driven inflammatory skin disease with proven inflammation-induced accumulation of sodium chloride in the skin, merits our interest in the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PV, as well as in the possible beneficial effects that could be achieved through modulation of dietary salt intake and antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Krajina
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Šola
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (M.M.); Tel.: +385-31-512-800 (M.M.)
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (M.M.); Tel.: +385-31-512-800 (M.M.)
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12
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Yang L, Zheng W, Xin S, Lv X, Sun Y, Xu T. microRNA-122 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting IκBα in miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:345-351. [PMID: 35182723 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory protein IκBα plays a key role in the inflammatory process and immune response by regulating the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB. microRNA (miR) is a small non-coding RNA that can regulate many biochemical processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, and immune response. In this study, it was first predicted that IκBα is the target of miR-122 through bioinformatics, and it was confirmed by dual fluorescence experiments. Then we found that miR-122 can inhibit the expression of IκBα at the mRNA and protein levels, thereby promoting the p65-activated NF-κB pathway. It is speculated that miR-122 plays an important role in the innate immunity of teleost fish. This study will help to further understand miRNAs regulatory mechanism in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Xin
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, China.
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, China.
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13
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Upregulation of CD14 in mesenchymal stromal cells accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced response and enhances antibacterial properties. iScience 2022; 25:103759. [PMID: 35141503 PMCID: PMC8814754 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have broad-ranging therapeutic properties, including the ability to inhibit bacterial growth and resolve infection. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating these antibacterial properties in MSCs are largely unknown. Here, we utilized a systems-based approach to compare MSCs from different genetic backgrounds that displayed differences in antibacterial activity. Although both MSCs satisfied traditional MSC-defining criteria, comparative transcriptomics and quantitative membrane proteomics revealed two unique molecular profiles. The antibacterial MSCs responded rapidly to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and had elevated levels of the LPS co-receptor CD14. CRISPR-mediated overexpression of endogenous CD14 in MSCs resulted in faster LPS response and enhanced antibacterial activity. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CD14-upregulated MSCs revealed a shift in transcriptional ground state and a more uniform LPS-induced response. Our results highlight the impact of genetic background on MSC phenotypic diversity and demonstrate that overexpression of CD14 can prime these cells to be more responsive to bacterial challenge. MSCs from different genetic backgrounds have distinct responses to bacteria Upregulating CD14 in MSCs enhances LPS-induced response and antibacterial traits CD14 upregulation homogenizes MSC transcriptional profiles across individual cells
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14
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Gianferrara T, Cescon E, Grieco I, Spalluto G, Federico S. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4631-4697. [PMID: 35170406 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220216113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSK-3β activity has been strictly related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is the most studied neurodegenerative disease, but GSK-3β seems to be involved in almost all neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease and the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to help researchers both working on this research topic or not to have a comprehensive overview on GSK-3β in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. METHOD Literature has been searched using PubMed and SciFinder databases by inserting specific keywords. A total of more than 500 articles have been discussed. RESULTS First of all, the structure and regulation of the kinase were briefly discussed and then, specific GSK-3β implications in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases were illustrated also with the help of figures, to conclude with a comprehensive overview on the most important GSK-3β and multitarget inhibitors. For all discussed compounds, the structure and IC50 values at the target kinase have been reported. CONCLUSION GSK-3β is involved in several signaling pathways both in neurons as well as in glial cells and immune cells. The fine regulation and interconnection of all these pathways are at the base of the rationale use of GSK-3β inhibitors in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In fact, some compounds are now under clinical trials. Despite this, pharmacodynamic and ADME/Tox profiles of the compounds were often not fully characterized and this is deleterious in such a complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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15
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TLRs in Mycobacterial Pathogenesis: Black and White or Shades of Gray. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2183-2193. [PMID: 33844035 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical role in the innate recognition of pathogens besides orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. These receptors exhibit exquisite specificity for different pathogens or their products and, through a complex network of signalling, generate appropriate immune responses. TLRs induce both pro- and anti-inflammatory signals depending on interactions with the adapter molecules thereby impacting the outcome of infection. Hence, TLR signalling ought to be stringently regulated to avoid harmful effects on the host. Mycobacteria express antigens which are sensed by TLRs leading to activation of various signalling molecules important for initiating the death of infected cells and containment of pathogens. Conversely, it also utilizes TLRs for immune evasion and persistence. Due to the enormous diversity in the repertoire of virulence traits expressed by mycobacteria, genetic variations in TLRs often impair the host's ability to respond to mycobacterial-stress, affecting health and disease manifestations. Thus, understanding TLR signalling is of great importance for insights into host-mycobacterial interactions and designing effective measures for controlling the spread and persistence of the bacterium.
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Oteiza PI, Fraga CG, Galleano M. Linking biomarkers of oxidative stress and disease with flavonoid consumption: From experimental models to humans. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101914. [PMID: 33750648 PMCID: PMC8113027 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the links among flavonoid consumption, mitigation of oxidative stress and improvement of disease in humans has significantly advanced in the last decades. This review used (−)-epicatechin (EC) as an example of dietary flavonoids, and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction/hypertension and insulin resistance/diabetes as paradigms of human disease. In these pathologies, oxidative stress is part of their development and/or their perpetuation. Evidence from both, rodent studies and characterization of mechanisms in cell cultures are encouraging and mostly support indirect antioxidant actions of EC and EC metabolites in endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Human studies also show beneficial effects of EC on these pathologies based on biomarkers of disease. However, there is limited available information on oxidative stress biomarkers and flavonoid consumption to allow establishing conclusive associations. The evolving discovery of metabolites that could serve as reliable markers of intake of specific flavonoids constitutes a powerful tool to link flavonoid consumption to disease and prevention of oxidative stress in human populations. Flavonoid’s metabolism and concentration determine their antioxidant mechanisms. Except for the GI tract, flavonoids are relevant indirect antioxidants in organs and tissues. Flavonoid's health effects are not always linked to biomarkers of oxidative stress. (‒)-Epicatechin mitigates the redox deregulation involved in hypertension/T2D pathogenesis. More human studies will strength links among flavonoids, oxidative stress, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Monica Galleano
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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NF-κB, iNOS, IL-6, and collagen 1 and 5 expression in healthy and keratoconus corneal fibroblasts after 0.1% riboflavin UV-A illumination. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:1225-1234. [PMID: 33443628 PMCID: PMC8102285 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-05058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the effect of riboflavin UV-A illumination on mRNA and protein expression of healthy (HCFs) and keratoconus human corneal fibroblasts (KC-HCFs), concerning the inflammatory markers NF-κB, iNOS, IL-6, and collagen 1 and 5 (Col 1/Col 5). Methods Keratocytes were isolated from healthy (n = 3) and keratoconus (KC) corneas (n = 3) and were cultivated in basal medium with 5% fetal calf serum, which resulted in their transformation into human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs/KC-HCFs). Cells underwent 0.1% riboflavin UV-A illumination for 250 s (CXL). NF-κB, iNOS, IL-6, Col 1, and Col 5 expression was investigated by qPCR and Western blot analysis. IL-6 concentration of the cell culture supernatant and cell lysate was determined by ELISA. Results In untreated KC-HCFs, NF-κB (p = 0.0002), iNOS (p = 0.0019), Col 1 (p = 0.0286), and Col 5 (p = 0.0054) mRNA expression was higher and IL-6 expression was lower (p = 0.0057), than in healthy controls. In HCFs, CXL led to an increased NF-κB (p = 0.0286) and IL-6 (p = 0.0057) mRNA expression. The IL-6 concentration in the cell culture supernatant was increased in HCFs (p = 0.0485) and KC-HCFs (p = 0.0485) after CXL. CXL increased intracellular IL-6 concentration only in KC-HCFs (p = 0.0357). In the HCF group (p = 0.0286), an increased Col 1 mRNA expression after CXL could be observed. Conclusion Our study confirmed altered gene expression in untreated KC-HCFs compared to untreated HCFs. Riboflavin UV-A illumination affected gene expression only in HCFs. Increased IL-6 concentration in the cell culture supernatant and cell lysate indicate a secondary inflammatory response of HCFs and KC-HCFs to riboflavin UV-A illumination.
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Ramalingam V, Rajaram R. A paradoxical role of reactive oxygen species in cancer signaling pathway: Physiology and pathology. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Miller JT, Turner CG, Otis JS, Sebeh Y, Hayat MJ, Quyyumi AA, Wong BJ. Inhibition of iNOS augments cutaneous endothelial NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites and in non-Hispanic Blacks. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H190-H199. [PMID: 33124886 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00644.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to reduced nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation in non-Hispanic Blacks and prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites. Twenty Black and twenty White participants (10 normotensive, 10 prehypertensive per group; n = 40 total) participated in this study. Participants were instrumented with two microdialysis fibers, and each site was randomized as control (lactated Ringer) or iNOS inhibition (0.1 mM 1400W). Laser-Doppler flow probes and local heaters were used to measure skin blood flow and heat the skin to induce vasodilation, respectively. Each site was heated from 33°C to 39°C (rate: 0.1°C/s). Once a plateau was established, 20 mM nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, was infused at each site to quantify NO-dependent vasodilation. At control sites, %NO-dependent vasodilation was reduced in prehypertensive Whites (47 ± 10%NO) and in both normotensive and prehypertensive Blacks (39 ± 9%NO and 28 ± 5%NO, respectively) relative to normotensive Whites (73 ± 8%NO; P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Compared with respective control sites, iNOS inhibition increased NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive Whites (68 ± 8%NO) and in both normotensive and prehypertensive Blacks (78 ± 8%NO and 55 ± 6%NO, respectively; P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). We failed to find an effect for normotensive Whites (77 ± 7%NO). After iNOS inhibition, %NO-dependent vasodilation was similar between normotensive Whites, prehypertensive Whites, and normotensive Blacks. Inhibition of iNOS increased NO-dependent vasodilation to a lesser extent in prehypertensive Blacks. These data suggest that iNOS contributes to reduced NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertension and in Black participants.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is typically upregulated in conditions of increased oxidative stress and may have detrimental effects on the vasculature. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO), which is cardioprotective, is reduced in prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites and in non-Hispanic Blacks. We found that inhibition of iNOS can increase endothelial NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive White participants and in both normotensive and prehypertensive Black participants.Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) can be upregulated under conditions of increased oxidative stress and may have detrimental effects on the vasculature. Endothelial NO, which is cardioprotective, is reduced in prehypertensive non-Hispanic Whites and in non-Hispanic Blacks. We found that inhibition of iNOS can increase endothelial NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive White participants and in both normotensive and prehypertensive Black participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Miller
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Casey G Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey S Otis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yesser Sebeh
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J Hayat
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brett J Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Assolini JP, da Silva TP, da Silva Bortoleti BT, Gonçalves MD, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Sahd CS, Carloto ACM, Feuser PE, Cordeiro AP, Sayer C, Hermes de Araújo PH, Costa IN, Conchon-Costa I, Miranda-Sapla MM, Pavanelli WR. 4-nitrochalcone exerts leishmanicidal effect on L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, and the 4-nitrochalcone encapsulation in beeswax copaiba oil nanoparticles reduces macrophages cytotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173392. [PMID: 32735985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Leishmaniasis treatment currently available involves some difficulties, such as high toxicity, variable efficacy, high cost, therefore, it is crucial to search for new therapeutic alternatives. Over the past few years, research on new drugs has focused on the use of natural compounds such as chalcones and nanotechnology. In this context, this research aimed at assessing the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of free 4-nitrochalcone (4NC) on promastigotes and encapsulated 4NC on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, as well as their action mechanisms. Free 4NC was able to reduce the viability of promastigotes, induce reactive oxygen species production, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, increase plasma membrane permeability, and expose phosphatidylserine, in addition to altering the morphology and lowering parasite cellular volume. Treatment containing encapsulated 4NC in beeswax-copaiba oil nanoparticles (4NC-beeswax-CO Nps) did not alter the viability of macrophages. Furthermore, 4NC-beeswax-CO Nps reduced the percentage of infected macrophages and the number of amastigotes per macrophages, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species, NO, TNF-α, and IL-10. Therefore, free 4NC proved to exert anti-promastigote effect, while 4NC-beeswax-CO Nps showed a leishmanicidal effect on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages by activating the macrophage microbicidal machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Assolini
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Thais Peron da Silva
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Biosciences and Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Biosciences and Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Claudia Stoeglehner Sahd
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Poester Cordeiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Idessania Nazareth Costa
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Biosciences and Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Xuan Y, Cai Y, Wang XX, Shi Q, Qiu LX, Luan QX. [Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 52. [PMID: 32773813 PMCID: PMC7433629 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have indicated that periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection may contributed to accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inflammation, oxidative stress and the mechanism on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice with P. gingivalis infection. METHODS Eight-week-old male ApoE-/- mice (C57BL/6) were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions and fed regular chow and sterile water after 1 weeks of housing. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: (a) ApoE-/- + PBS (n=8); (b) ApoE-/- + P.gingivalis strain FDC381 (n=8). Both of the groups received intravenous injections 3 times per week for 4 weeks since 8 weeks of age. The sham control group received injections with phosphate buffered saline only, while the P. gingivalis-challenged group with P.gingivalis strain FDC381at the same time. After 4 weeks, oxidative stress mediators and inflammation cytokines were analyzed by oil red O in heart, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot in aorta. RESULTS In our study, we found accelerated development of atherosclerosis and plaque formation in aorta with oil red O staining, increased oxidative stress markers [8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), NADPH oxidase (NOX)-2 and NOX-4], as well as increased inflammation cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] in the serum and aorta of the P. gingivalis-infected ApoE-/- mice. Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase protein level of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in aorta after P. gingivalis infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that chronic intravenous infection of P. gingivalis in ApoE-/- mice could accelerate the development of atherosclerosis by disturbing the lipid profile and inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The NF-κB signaling pathway might play a potential role in the P. gingivalis-accelerated atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xuan
- Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - X X Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Q Shi
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - L X Qiu
- Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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22
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D'Adamo S, Cetrullo S, Guidotti S, Silvestri Y, Minguzzi M, Santi S, Cattini L, Filardo G, Flamigni F, Borzì RM. Spermidine rescues the deregulated autophagic response to oxidative stress of osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:159-172. [PMID: 32305648 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) contributes to Osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis and its effects are worsened by the impairment of homeostatic mechanisms such as autophagy in OA chondrocytes. Rescue of an efficient autophagic flux could therefore reduce the bulk of damaged molecules, and at the same time improve cell function and viability. As a promising dietary or intra-articular supplement to rescue autophagy in OA chondrocytes, we tested spermidine (SPD), known to induce autophagy and to reduce OS in several other cellular models. Chondrocytes were obtained from OA cartilage and seeded at high-density to keep their differentiated phenotype. The damaging effects of OS and the chondroprotective activity of SPD were assessed by evaluating the extent of cell death, oxidative DNA damage and caspase 3 activation. The autophagy promoting activity of SPD was evaluated by assessing pivotal autophagic effectors, i.e. Beclin-1 (BECN-1), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3-II) and p62. BECN-1 protein expression was significantly increased by SPD and reduced by H2O2 treatment. SPD also rescued the impaired autophagic flux consequent to H2O2 exposure by increasing mRNA and protein expression of LC3-II and p62. SPD induction of mitophagy was revealed by immunofluorescent co-localization of LC3-II and TOM20. The key protective role of autophagy was confirmed by the loss of SPD chondroprotection upon autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) silencing. Significant SPD tuning of the H2O2-dependent induction of degradative (MMP-13), inflammatory (iNOS, COX-2) and hypertrophy markers (RUNX2 and VEGF) was revealed by Real Time PCR and pointed at the SPD ability of reducing NF-κB activation through autophagy induction. Conversely, blockage of autophagy led to parallel increases of oxidative markers and p65 nuclear translocation. SPD also increased the proliferation of slow-proliferating primary cultures. Taken together, our findings highlight the chondroprotective, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of SPD and suggest that the protection afforded by SPD against OS is exerted through the rescue of the autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serena Guidotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manuela Minguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza"-Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Cattini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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23
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Kasthuriarachchi TDW, Wan Q, Lee J. Identification, expression profiling and functional characterization of interleukin 11a ortholog from redlip mullet Liza haematocheila: Insight into its roles in the inflammation and apoptosis regulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:44-51. [PMID: 32001356 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a secretory cytokine with pleotropic properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions. This study aimed to functionally characterize a teleostean IL-11a ortholog from redlip mullet (LhIL-11a) through bioinformatic analysis, transcriptional expression profiling and protein function assays. The deduced LhIL-11a protein sequence is 200 amino acids long, with a predicted molecular weight of 23.168 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment indicates that LhIL-11a has a typical four-bundle architecture of α-helixes as observed in other IL-11s. The identity-similarity matrix show a higher identity between LhIL-11a and other fish IL-11a sequences. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that LhIL-11a falls within a clade including other fish counterparts. In the tissue distribution analysis, the highest constitutive expression of LhIL-11a mRNA was observed in the mullet gastrointestinal tract and brain tissues. Following the challenges with LPS, poly I:C and Lactococcus garvie, the transcription levels of LhIL-11a were significantly upregulated in both PBCs and liver. In the biological functional assay, recombinant LhIL-11a protein showed strong activities of suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic gene expression in mullet kidney cells and reducing LPS stimulated NO production in murine macrophage cells. Overall, the findings in this study provide the experimental clues to understanding the functional roles of fish IL-11a in inflammation and apoptosis regulation during host defense against invading microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D W Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Tilioua S, Mezioug D, Amir-Tidadini ZC, Medjdoub YM, Touil-Boukoffa C. Potential role of NF-κB pathway in the immuno-inflammatory responses during human cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop 2020; 203:105306. [PMID: 31891707 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) induces in the human host innate and adaptive immune response that plays an important role in controlling the immunopathogenesis. Due to the crucial role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in regulating immuno-inflammatory processes, we investigated its potential contribution in systemic and local immuno-inflammatory responses in primary CE patients and relapsed patients. The expression of NF-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as in pericystic layer of pulmonary hydatid cysts from Algerian primary CE patients and relapsed patients. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in plasma samples. Our results showed high iNOS and NF-κB expression in both PBMCs and pericystic histiocytes from primary CE patients. In addition, substantial amounts of systemic NO and TNF-α were detected in the same patients. Remarkably, relapsed patients exhibited a low NF-κB and iNOS expression associated with low amounts of plasmatic TNF-α and NO. Collectively, NF-κB/iNOS pathway is involved in the host defense mechanisms at the systemic and local level during primary CE. Our results indicate that the inhibition of this pathway in relapsed patients will attenuate protective immunity and promote parasite escape. This study allowed to identify a novel predictive biomarkers of hydatidosis.
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25
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Wang X, Chen S, Ren H, Chen J, Li J, Wang Y, Hua Y, Wang X, Huang N. HMGN2 regulates non-tuberculous mycobacteria survival via modulation of M1 macrophage polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7985-7998. [PMID: 31596045 PMCID: PMC6850944 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as an environmental and atypical mycobacteria, can cause the chronic pulmonary infectious diseases. Macrophages have been suggested as the main host cell to initiate the innate immune responses to NTM infection. However, the molecular mechanism to regulate the antimicrobial immune responses to NTM is still largely unknown. Current study showed that the NTM clinical groups, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, significantly induced the M1 macrophage polarization with the characteristic production of nitric oxide (NO) and marker gene expression of iNOS, IFNγ, TNF‐α, IL1‐β and IL‐6. Interestingly, a non‐histone nuclear protein, HMGN2 (high‐mobility group N2), was found to be spontaneously induced during NTM‐activated M1 macrophage polarization. Functional studies revealed that HMGN2 deficiency in NTM‐infected macrophage promotes the expression of M1 markers and the production of NO via the enhanced activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling. Further studies exhibited that HMGN2 knock‐down also enhanced IFNγ‐induced M1 macrophage polarization. Finally, we observed that silencing HMGN2 affected the survival of NTM in macrophage, which might largely relevant to enhanced macrophage polarization into M1 phenotype under the NTM infection. Collectively, current studies thus suggested a novel function of HMGN2 in regulating the anti‐non‐tuberculous mycobacteria innate immunity of macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanqi Hua
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Rhayat L, Maresca M, Nicoletti C, Perrier J, Brinch KS, Christian S, Devillard E, Eckhardt E. Effect of Bacillus subtilis Strains on Intestinal Barrier Function and Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:564. [PMID: 30984172 PMCID: PMC6449611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong tight junctions and curtailed inflammatory responses under stressful conditions are key for optimal digestive health. Bacillus-based probiotics are increasingly being used to maintain broilers' health, but their mode of action is often not well-defined. In the present study we used Caco-2 cells as a model for intestinal epithelia and assessed the effect of three Bacillus-based probiotics on intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation. Experimental results showed that one of the three tested strains, Bs 29784, significantly reinforced intestinal barrier integrity under basal conditions through an up-regulation of the expression of tight junction's proteins, whereas the others had no or detrimental effects. When Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with Bacillus subtilis strains, the subsequent IL-8 release to various pro-inflammatory signals (IL-1β, deoxynivalenol, or flagellin) was blunted compared to cells that had not been pretreated, but to a different extent depending on the strain of Bacillus used. Bs 29784, was able to significantly decrease IL-8 production in all stressed conditions tested. Mechanistically, Bs 29784 appeared to limit nuclear translocation of NF-κB during IL-1β exposure by preventing IκB degradation. The effects of Bs 29784 were observed independently with supernatant and cells but in a lesser extent than with the combination, indicating that they can thus likely be attributed to both secreted metabolites and cell-associated compounds. Moreover, under inflammatory conditions, Bs 29784 significantly reduced the upregulation of iNOS protein levels further underlining its intestinal anti-inflammatory potential. Our data show that Bacillus-based probiotics may indeed improve digestive health by strengthening intestinal barrier and limiting inflammatory responses and that these properties are strain-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Rhayat
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche Nutritionelle, Adisseo SAS, Malicorne, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Josette Perrier
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Estelle Devillard
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche Nutritionelle, Adisseo SAS, Malicorne, France
| | - Erik Eckhardt
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche Nutritionelle, Adisseo SAS, Malicorne, France
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27
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Moeinian M, Abdolghaffari AH, Nikfar S, Momtaz S, Abdollahi M. Effects of alpha lipoic acid and its derivative "andrographolid-lipoic acid-1" on ulcerative colitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis of animal studies. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4766-4782. [PMID: 30362597 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to review and meta-analyze the inflammatory and oxidative factors following alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and its derivative "andrographolid-lipoic acid-1" (AL-1) in ulcerative colitis (UC). ALA plays an important role in scavenging intracellular radicals and inflammatory elements. AL-1 is found in herbal medicines with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Data were collected from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Evidence-based medicine/clinical trials, and Cochrane library database until 2017, which finally resulted in 22 animal studies (70 rats and 162 mice). The beneficial effects of ALA or AL-1 on the most important parameters of UC were reviewed; also, studies were considered separately in mice and rats. Administration of ALA and AL-1 significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor-α level compared with the controls, while data were not noteworthy in the meta-analysis (mean differences = -18.57 [95% CI = -42.65 to 5.51], P = 0.13). In spite of insignificant decrease in meta-analysis outcomes (differences = 6.92 [95% CI = -39.33 to 53.16], P = 0.77), a significant reduction in myeloperoxidase activity was shown following ALA or AL-1 treatment compared with the controls. Despite significant differences in each study, we had to exclude some studies to homogenize data for meta-analyzing as they showed insignificant results. Interleukin 6, cyclooxygenase-2, glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, histopathological score, macroscopic and microscopic scores, disease activity index, body weight change, and colon length were also reviewed. Most studies have emphasized on significant positive effects of ALA and AL-1. Comprehensive clinical trials are obligatory to determine the precious position of ALA or AL-1 in the management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moeinian
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Chen X, Zheng X, Zhang M, Yin H, Jiang K, Wu H, Dai A, Yang S. Nuciferine alleviates LPS-induced mastitis in mice via suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:903-911. [PMID: 30145653 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuciferine, a major bioactive component from the lotus leaf, has been reported to have notable anti-inflammatory activities such as renal inflammation and acute lung injury in previous studies. Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the dairy cattle, which causes large economic losses for the dairy industry. However, the effects of nuciferine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis have not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of nuciferine on LPS-induced mastitis in mice and illuminated its potential mechanism on the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway in mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). Histopathological changes and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay showed that nuciferine treatment significantly alleviated the LPS-induced injury of mammary gland flocculus, inflammatory cells infiltration. qPCR and ELISA assays indicated that nuciferine dose-dependently reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, which indicated that nuciferine might have therapeutic effects on mastitis. Furthermore, nuciferine treatment significantly decreased the expression of TLR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, nuciferine was also found to suppress LPS-induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that nuciferine potently ameliorates LPS-induced mastitis by inhibition of the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Yin
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shoushen Yang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Jiang K, Ma X, Guo S, Zhang T, Zhao G, Wu H, Wang X, Deng G. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Inflammation 2018; 41:437-448. [PMID: 29204872 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a type of food additives mainly extracted from rosemary, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities in some previous studies. However, the effects of RA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis have not been reported. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of RA on LPS-induced mastitis in mice and elucidated the potential mechanisms in mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). RA treatment significantly ameliorated the mammary structural damage, and reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase. ELISA and qPCR results indicated that RA dose-dependently decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 both in tissues and mMECs. Furthermore, RA remarkably suppressed the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, and p-IKKβ. In addition, RA was also found to inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation. These results suggest that RA effectively attenuates LPS-induced mastitis by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Liu S, Jia H, Hou S, Xin T, Guo X, Zhang G, Gao X, Li M, Zhu W, Zhu H. Recombinant Mtb9.8 of Mycobacterium bovis stimulates TNF-α and IL-1β secretion by RAW264.7 macrophages through activation of NF-κB pathway via TLR2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1928. [PMID: 29386556 PMCID: PMC5792469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mtb9.8 antigenic protein of Mycobacterium bovis/Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been identified as a target of the T-cell response. However, the interaction of Mtb9.8 with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the relevant signaling pathways have not been fully clarified. In this study, recombinant Mtb9.8 (rMtb9.8) derived from M. bovis-stimulated RAW264.7 cells initiated the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner. Blocking assays show that TLR2-neutralizing antibody decreases the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, NF-κB activation is associated with TNF-α and IL-1β production by rMtb9.8 stimulation, and rMtb9.8 stimulation also induces the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 at Ser536 and its rapid nuclear translocation in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, NF-κB luciferase activity is rapidly activated in response to rMtb9.8 in RAW264.7 cells and is also significantly increased in rMtb9.8-induced HEK293-TLR2. However, these activations were abrogated in cells with a dominant-negative mutation of NF-κB p65 and by treatment with anti-TLR2 antibody. We also find that rMtb9.8 induces the activation of IRF-1. These findings indicate that M. bovis-derived rMtb9.8 activates the NF-κB pathway via TLR2 in RAW264.7 cells. In particular, it phosphorylates NF-κB p65 at Ser536 and induces nuclear translocation, thereby leading to the production of TNF-α and IL-1β, which correlates with the induction of IRF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Hou
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Gaimei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wuyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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31
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Dai C, Liu Y, Dong Z. Tanshinone I alleviates motor and cognitive impairments via suppressing oxidative stress in the neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Mol Brain 2017; 10:52. [PMID: 29137683 PMCID: PMC5686905 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia is one of the main reasons that cause neuronal damage and neonatal death. Several studies have shown that tanshinone I (TsI), one of the major ingredients of Danshen, exerts potential neuroprotective effect in adult mice exposed to permanent left cerebral ischemia. However, it is unclear whether administration of TsI has neuroprotective effect on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), and if so, the potential mechanisms also remain unclear. Here, we reported that treatment with TsI (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly alleviated the deficits of myodynamia and motor functions as well as the spatial learning and memory in the rat model of HIBD. These behavioral changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of neuronal loss in the CA1 area of hippocampus. Moreover, ELISA assay showed that TsI significantly increased the production of antioxidants including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the production of pro-oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Taken together, these results indicate that TsI presents potential neuroprotection against neuronal damage via exerting significantly antioxidative activity and against pro-oxidant challenge, thereby ameliorating hypoxia-ischemia-induced motor and cognitive impairments in the neonatal rats, suggesting that TsI may be a potential therapeutic agent against HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Dai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Nairz M, Haschka D, Dichtl S, Sonnweber T, Schroll A, Aßhoff M, Mindur JE, Moser PL, Wolf D, Swirski FK, Theurl I, Cerami A, Brines M, Weiss G. Cibinetide dampens innate immune cell functions thus ameliorating the course of experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13012. [PMID: 29026145 PMCID: PMC5638901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct forms of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) mediate the cellular responses to erythropoietin (EPO) in different tissues. EPOR homodimers signal to promote the maturation of erythroid progenitor cells. In other cell types, including immune cells, EPOR and the ß-common receptor (CD131) form heteromers (the innate repair receptor; IRR), and exert tissue protective effects. We used dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis in C57BL/6 N mice. Once colitis was established, mice were treated with solvent, EPO or the selective IRR agonist cibinetide. We found that both cibinetide and EPO ameliorated the clinical course of experimental colitis in mice, resulting in improved weight gain and survival. Correspondingly, DSS-exposed mice treated with cibinetide or EPO displayed preserved tissue integrity due to reduced infiltration of myeloid cells and diminished production of pro-inflammatory disease mediators including cytokines, chemokines and nitric oxide synthase-2. Experiments using LPS-activated primary macrophages revealed that the anti-inflammatory effects of cibinetide were dependent on CD131 and JAK2 functionality and were mediated via inhibition of NF-κB subunit p65 activity. Cibinetide activation of the IRR exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects, especially within the myeloid population, reduces disease activity and mortality in mice. Cibinetide thus holds promise as novel disease-modifying therapeutic of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malte Aßhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John E Mindur
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia L Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anthony Cerami
- Araim Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Brines
- Araim Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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33
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Ratnam NM, Peterson JM, Talbert EE, Ladner KJ, Rajasekera PV, Schmidt CR, Dillhoff ME, Swanson BJ, Haverick E, Kladney RD, Williams TM, Leone GW, Wang DJ, Guttridge DC. NF-κB regulates GDF-15 to suppress macrophage surveillance during early tumor development. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3796-3809. [PMID: 28891811 DOI: 10.1172/jci91561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are attracted to developing tumors and can participate in immune surveillance to eliminate neoplastic cells. In response, neoplastic cells utilize NF-κB to suppress this killing activity, but the mechanisms underlying their self-protection remain unclear. Here, we report that this dynamic interaction between tumor cells and macrophages is integrally linked by a soluble factor identified as growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). In vitro, tumor-derived GDF-15 signals in macrophages to suppress their proapoptotic activity by inhibiting TNF and nitric oxide (NO) production. In vivo, depletion of GDF-15 in Ras-driven tumor xenografts and in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer delayed tumor development. This delay correlated with increased infiltrating antitumor macrophages. Further, production of GDF-15 is directly regulated by NF-κB, and the colocalization of activated NF-κB and GDF-15 in epithelial ducts of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma supports the importance of this observation. Mechanistically, we found that GDF-15 suppresses macrophage activity by inhibiting TGF-β-activated kinase (TAK1) signaling to NF-κB, thereby blocking synthesis of TNF and NO. Based on these results, we propose that the NF-κB/GDF-15 regulatory axis is important for tumor cells in evading macrophage immune surveillance during the early stages of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita M Ratnam
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jennifer M Peterson
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Erin E Talbert
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Katherine J Ladner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Priyani V Rajasekera
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Raleigh D Kladney
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - David J Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program.,Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center
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34
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Cheng P, Wang T, Li W, Muhammad I, Wang H, Sun X, Yang Y, Li J, Xiao T, Zhang X. Baicalin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Inflammation in Chicken by Suppressing TLR4-Mediated NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:547. [PMID: 28868036 PMCID: PMC5563358 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of potent stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has the ability to cause cell damage by activating toll-like receptor(TLR)4, then nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) translocates into the nucleus and changes the expression of related inflammatory genes. Baicalin is extracted from Radix Scutellariae, which possesses anti-inflammation, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, the effects of it on LPS-induced liver inflammation have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Baicalin on the LPS-induced liver inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in chicken. The results of histopathological changes, serum biochemical analysis, NO levels and myeloperoxidase activity showed that Baicalin pretreatment ameliorated LPS-induced liver inflammation. ELISA and qPCR assays showed that Baicalin dose-dependently suppressed the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly decreased by Baicalin. TLR4 is an important sensor in LPS infection. Molecular studies showed that the expression of TLR4 was inhibited by Baicalin pretreatment. In addition, Baicalin pretreatment inhibited NF-kB signaling pathway activation. All results demonstrated the protective effects of Baicalin pretreatment against LPS-induced liver inflammation in chicken via negative regulation of inflammatory mediators through the down-regulation of TLR4 expression and the inhibition of NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Tianshi Xiao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
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35
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Protective effect of cardamonin against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:268-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Park JY, Chung TW, Jeong YJ, Kwak CH, Ha SH, Kwon KM, Abekura F, Cho SH, Lee YC, Ha KT, Magae J, Chang YC, Kim CH. Ascofuranone inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response via NF-kappaB and AP-1, p-ERK, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 macrophages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171322. [PMID: 28207754 PMCID: PMC5313137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural fungal compound ascofuranone (5-chloro-3-[(2E,6E)-7-[(2S)-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-3-methyl-octa-2,6-dienyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-benzaldehyde, MW 420.93) (AF) isolated from Ascochyta viciae has been known to promote cell cycle arrest and inhibit invasion of tumor cells. We have previously studied a structurally similar compound ascochlorin (ASC; MW 404.93) with regard to its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS- stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In order to examine the relationship between the anti-inflammatory activities and the molecular differences between AF and ASC, the activity of AF is herein studied, because ASC has a unique trimethyl oxocyclohexyl structure, while AF has a unique dimethyl-oxo-tetrahydrofuran structure. AF dose-dependently inhibited the production of NO and iNOS and the COX-2 mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, AF suppressed mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as assessed by RT-PCR. AF (30-50 μg/ml) treatment clearly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, AP-1 (p-c-Jun) from the cytosolic space. Phosphorylation of IκB, which functions to maintain the activity of NF-κB, was decreased by AF treatment. Moreover, AF suppressed the binding of NF-κB (p65). Inhibition of IkBa phosphorylation and degradation inhibits nuclear translocation of p65. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analysis also revealed that translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 (p-c-Jun) was decreased upon AF treatment. AF specifically decreased the expression level of p-ERK, but not the expression level of p-p38 or p-JNK. Given these results, we suggest that AF suppresses the inflammatory response by targeting p-ERK. This indicates that AF is a negative regulator of LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 (p-c-Jun) in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and specifically it targets p-ERK. Therefore, AF and ASC exert their effects in different ways, most probably because their structural differences allow for specific recognition and inhibition of their target MAPKs. Our results further suggest that AF could be a natural bioactive compound useful for treating inflammation-mediated pathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Park
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hwan Kwak
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Ha
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kwon
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Cho
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Choon Lee
- Faculty of Medicinal Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- School of Korean Medicine and Healthy Aging Korean Medicine Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junji Magae
- Magae Bioscience Institute, 49–4 Fujimidai, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CHM); (YCC)
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoburo 2066, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (CHM); (YCC)
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37
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Wu H, Zhao G, Jiang K, Li C, Qiu C, Deng G. Engeletin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis in Mice by Inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6171-6178. [PMID: 27411287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engeletin (dihydrokaempferol 3-rhamnoside) is a flavanonol glycoside. It can be found in the skin of white grapes and white wine and is widely distributed in southeast Asia, and the leaves are used in a tea. Here, we explored the impact of engeletin against the inflammatory reaction in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis mouse model. Engeletin treatment significantly attenuated uterus damage and decreased myeloperoxidase activity. ELISA and qPCR assays showed that engeletin dose-dependently suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Molecular studies also demonstrated that the levels of iNOS, COX-2, and TLR4, along with their downstream molecules MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, and TAK1, were also suppressed by engeletin. In addition, engeletin treatment inhibited NF-κB signaling-pathway activation. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that engeletin suppressed NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation. These data indicated the protective action of engeletin against LPS-stimulated endometritis in mice via negative regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators via the TLR4-regulated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengye Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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38
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Hayes JB, Sircy LM, Heusinkveld LE, Ding W, Leander RN, McClelland EE, Nelson DE. Modulation of Macrophage Inflammatory Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) Signaling by Intracellular Cryptococcus neoformans. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15614-27. [PMID: 27231343 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is a common facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause life-threatening fungal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. Shortly after infection, Cn is detectable as both extra- and intracellular yeast particles, with Cn being capable of establishing long-lasting latent infections within host macrophages. Although recent studies have shown that shed capsular polysaccharides and intact extracellular Cn can compromise macrophage function through modulation of NF-κB signaling, it is currently unclear whether intracellular Cn also affects NF-κB signaling. Utilizing live cell imaging and computational modeling, we find that extra- and intracellular Cn support distinct modes of NF-κB signaling in cultured murine macrophages. Specifically, in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages treated with extracellular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major Cn capsular polysaccharide, LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 is inhibited, whereas in cells with intracellular Cn, LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 is both amplified and sustained. Mathematical simulations and quantification of nascent protein expression indicate that this is a possible consequence of Cn-induced "translational interference," impeding IκBα resynthesis. We also show that long term Cn infection induces stable nuclear localization of p65 and IκBα proteins in the absence of additional pro-inflammatory stimuli. In this case, nuclear localization of p65 is not accompanied by TNFα or inducible NOS (iNOS) expression. These results demonstrate that capsular polysaccharides and intact intracellular yeast manipulate NF-κB via multiple distinct mechanisms and provide new insights into how Cn might modulate cellular signaling at different stages of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wandi Ding
- Mathematical Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37130
| | - Rachel N Leander
- Mathematical Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37130
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39
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Bai X, Oberley-Deegan RE, Bai A, Ovrutsky AR, Kinney WH, Weaver M, Zhang G, Honda JR, Chan ED. Curcumin enhances human macrophage control ofMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection. Respirology 2016; 21:951-7. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Bai
- Department of Medicine; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Denver USA
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - An Bai
- Department of Medicine; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Denver USA
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
| | - Alida R. Ovrutsky
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - William H. Kinney
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Michael Weaver
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
| | - Gong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy; Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine; Shaanxi China
| | - Jennifer R. Honda
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Edward D. Chan
- Department of Medicine; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Denver USA
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
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Hypoxanthine Intrastriatal Administration Alters Neuroinflammatory Profile and Redox Status in Striatum of Infant and Young Adult Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2790-2800. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Gharib A, Louis AG, Agrawal S, Gupta S. Syndrome of selective IgM deficiency with severe T cell deficiency associated with disseminated cutaneous mycobacterium avium intracellulaire infection. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 4:15-27. [PMID: 26550546 PMCID: PMC4620120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous non-disseminated, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections have been reported in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects. Systemic Mycobacterium avium intracellulaire (MAI) have been reported in non-HIV patients with Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. We report a comprehensive immunological analysis in syndrome of selective IgM deficiency and T lymphocytopenia (both CD4+ and CD8+) with disseminated cutaneous MAI infection. Naïve (TN) and Central memory (TCM) subsets of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were decreased, whereas terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) subset of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were markedly increased. IFN-γ producing T cells were markedly decreased. Although CD14(high)CD16- proinflammatory monocytes were modestly increased, IFN-γR+ monocytes were markedly decreased. The expression of TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 on monocytes was decreased. Germinal center B cells (CD19+IgD-CD38+CD27(lo)) and B1 cells (CD20+CD27+CD43+CD70-) were markedly decreased. A role of immune alterations, including B cells and antibodies in disseminated cutaneous MAI infection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Gharib
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California Irvine
| | | | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California Irvine
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California Irvine
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42
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Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:83-94. [PMID: 26499181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first discovered gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) affects a number of cellular processes, including those involving vascular cells. This brief review summarizes the contribution of NO to the regulation of vascular tone and its sources in the blood vessel wall. NO regulates the degree of contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells mainly by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), although cGMP-independent signaling [S-nitrosylation of target proteins, activation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) or production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP)] also can be involved. In the blood vessel wall, NO is produced mainly from l-arginine by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but it can also be released non-enzymatically from S-nitrosothiols or from nitrate/nitrite. Dysfunction in the production and/or the bioavailability of NO characterizes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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de la Fuente V, Federman N, Zalcman G, Salles A, Freudenthal R, Romano A. NF-κB transcription factor role in consolidation and reconsolidation of persistent memories. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:50. [PMID: 26441513 PMCID: PMC4563083 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is an important molecular process required for long-term neural plasticity and long-term memory (LTM) formation. Thus, one main interest in molecular neuroscience in the last decades has been the identification of transcription factors that are involved in memory processes. Among them, the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors has gained interest due to a significant body of evidence that supports a key role of these proteins in synaptic plasticity and memory. In recent years, the interest was particularly reinforced because NF-κB was characterized as an important regulator of synaptogenesis. This function may be explained by its participation in synapse to nucleus communication, as well as a possible local role at the synapse. This review provides an overview of experimental work obtained in the last years, showing the essential role of this transcription factor in memory processes in different learning tasks in mammals. We focus the review on the consolidation and reconsolidation memory phases as well as on the regulation of immediate-early and late genes by epigenetic mechanisms that determine enduring forms of memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica de la Fuente
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noel Federman
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Zalcman
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angeles Salles
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Freudenthal
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Romano
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE, UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Singh V, Gupta D, Arora R. NF-kB as a key player in regulation of cellular radiation responses and identification of radiation countermeasures. Discoveries (Craiova) 2015; 3:e35. [PMID: 32309561 PMCID: PMC7159829 DOI: 10.15190/d.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a transcription factor that plays significant role in immunity, cellular survival and inhibition of apoptosis, through the induction of genetic networks. Depending on the stimulus and the cell type, the members of NF-κB related family (RelA, c-Rel, RelB, p50, and p52), forms different combinations of homo and hetero-dimers. The activated complexes (Es) translocate into the nucleus and bind to the 10bp κB site of promoter region of target genes in stimulus specific manner. In response to radiation, NF-κB is known to reduce cell death by promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activation of cellular antioxidant defense system. Constitutive activation of NF-κB associated genes in tumour cells are known to enhance radiation resistance, whereas deletion in mice results in hypersensitivity to IR-induced GI damage. NF-κB is also known to regulate the production of a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, which contribute in enhancing cell proliferation and tissue regeneration in various organs, such as the GI crypts stem cells, bone marrow etc., following exposure to IR. Several other cytokines are also known to exert potent pro-inflammatory effects that may contribute to the increase of tissue damage following exposure to ionizing radiation. Till date there are a series of molecules or group of compounds that have been evaluated for their radio-protective potential, and very few have reached clinical trials. The failure or less success of identified agents in humans could be due to their reduced radiation protection efficacy.
In this review we have considered activation of NF-κB as a potential marker in screening of radiation countermeasure agents (RCAs) and cellular radiation responses. Moreover, we have also focused on associated mechanisms of activation of NF-κB signaling and their specified family member activation with respect to stimuli. Furthermore, we have categorized their regulated gene expressions and their function in radiation response or modulation. In addition, we have discussed some recently developed radiation countermeasures in relation to NF-κB activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Damodar Gupta
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Uversky VN. Unreported intrinsic disorder in proteins: Building connections to the literature on IDPs. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2014; 2:e970499. [PMID: 28232880 PMCID: PMC5314882 DOI: 10.4161/21690693.2014.970499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review opens a new series entitled “Unreported intrinsic disorder in proteins.” The goal of this series is to bring attention of researchers to an interesting phenomenon of missed (or overlooked, or ignored, or unreported) disorder. This series serves as a companion to “Digested Disorder” which provides a quarterly review of papers on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) found by standard literature searches. The need for this alternative series results from the observation that there are numerous publications that describe IDPs (or hybrid proteins with ordered and disordered regions) yet fail to recognize many of the key discoveries and publications in the IDP field. By ignoring the body of work on IDPs, such publications often fail to relate their findings to prior discoveries or fail to explore the obvious implications of their work. Thus, the goal of this series is not only to review these very interesting and important papers, but also to point out how each paper relates to the IDP field and show how common tools in the IDP field can readily take the findings in new directions or provide a broader context for the reported findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation; Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino, Russia; Biology Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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46
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The regulation role of interferon regulatory factor-1 gene and clinical relevance. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation decreases survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61925. [PMID: 23634218 PMCID: PMC3636238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that mediates pro-inflammatory responses required for host control of many microbial pathogens; on the other hand, NFκB has been implicated in the pathogenesis of other inflammatory and infectious diseases. Mice with genetic disruption of the p50 subunit of NFκB are more likely to succumb to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, the role of NFκB in host defense in humans is not fully understood. We sought to examine the role of NFκB activation in the immune response of human macrophages to MTB. Targeted pharmacologic inhibition of NFκB activation using BAY 11-7082 (BAY, an inhibitor of IκBα kinase) or an adenovirus construct with a dominant-negative IκBα significantly decreased the number of viable intracellular mycobacteria recovered from THP-1 macrophages four and eight days after infection. The results with BAY were confirmed in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and alveolar macrophages. NFκB inhibition was associated with increased macrophage apoptosis and autophagy, which are well-established killing mechanisms of intracellular MTB. Inhibition of the executioner protease caspase-3 or of the autophagic pathway significantly abrogated the effects of BAY. We conclude that NFκB inhibition decreases viability of intracellular MTB in human macrophages via induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Permpoonputtana K, Govitrapong P. The anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin on methamphetamine-induced proinflammatory mediators in human neuroblastoma dopamine SH-SY5Y cell lines. Neurotox Res 2013; 23:189-99. [PMID: 22903344 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive drug that is commonly abused worldwide. This psychostimulant drug causes the disturbances in the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons of several brain areas. Exposure to METH has been shown to induce oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and neuroinflammation. However, the mechanism underlying METH-induced inflammation in neurons is still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether METH caused inflammatory effects in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and whether this effect involved the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor pathway. The present results showed that METH significantly increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA and phosphorylated NF-κB, which is translocated into the nucleus. Moreover, our results also show that METH downregulated another transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a transcription factor implicated in the expression of several antioxidant/detoxificant enzymes. Furthermore, we also examined the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin against these METH-induced neuroinflammatory functions. The results show that melatonin significantly decreases the iNOS protein expression and TNF-α mRNA levels caused by METH. The activation and the level of pNF-κB were decreased while Nrf2 expression was increased when cells were pre-incubated with 100 nM of melatonin. In order to show the relationship between cell death and the increase of iNOS, 100 μM of L-NAME, an iNOS inhibitor pretreatment significantly prevented cell death caused by METH. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that METH directly induces inflammation in neurons via an NF-κB-dependent pathway and that the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of melatonin result from the inhibition of activated NF-κB in parallel with potentiated antioxidant/detoxificant defense by activated Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Permpoonputtana
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
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Jeong W, Bae SH, Toledano MB, Rhee SG. Role of sulfiredoxin as a regulator of peroxiredoxin function and regulation of its expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:447-56. [PMID: 22634055 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a family of peroxidases in which cysteine serves as the primary site of oxidation during the reduction of peroxides. Members of the 2-Cys Prx subfamily of Prxs (Prx I to IV in mammals) are inactivated via hyperoxidation of the active-site cysteine to sulfinic acid (Cys-SO(2)H) during catalysis and are reactivated via an ATP-consuming reaction catalyzed by sulfiredoxin (Srx). This reversible hyperoxidation reaction has been proposed to protect H(2)O(2) signaling molecules from premature removal by 2-Cys Prxs or to upregulate the chaperone function of these enzymes. In addition to its sulfinic acid reductase activity, Srx catalyzes the removal of glutathione (deglutathionylation) from modified proteins. The physiological relevance of both the reversible hyperoxidation of 2-Cys Prxs and the deglutathionylation catalyzed by Srx remains unclear. Recent findings have revealed that Srx expression is induced in mammalian cells under a variety of conditions, such as in metabolically stimulated pancreatic β cells, in immunostimulated macrophages, in neuronal cells engaged in synaptic communication, in lung cells exposed to hyperoxia or cigarette smoke, in hepatocytes of ethanol-fed animals, and in several types of cells exposed to chemopreventive agents. Such induction of Srx in mammalian cells is regulated at the transcriptional level, predominantly via activator protein-1 and/or nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Srx expression is also regulated at the translational level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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50
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Park EJ, Pezzuto JM, Jang KH, Nam SJ, Bucarey SA, Fenical W. Suppression of nitric oxide synthase by thienodolin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:789-794. [PMID: 22816309 PMCID: PMC3678979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells is used as a model for evaluating the anti-inflammatory or chemopreventive potential of substances. Thienodolin, isolated from a Streptomyces sp. derived from Chilean marine sediment, inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (IC50 = 17.2 +/- 1.2 microM). At both the mRNA and protein levels, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), one major upstream signaling pathway involved in the transcription of iNOS, were not affected by treatment of thienodolin. However, the compound blocked the degradation of IkappaBa resulting in inhibition of NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation, and inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) at Tyr701. This study supports further exploration of thienodolin as a potential therapeutic agent with a unique mechanistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720-4019, USA
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720-4019, USA
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jang
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - Sergio A. Bucarey
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
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