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Giménez A, Del Giudice MG, López PV, Guaimas F, Sámano-Sánchez H, Gibson TJ, Chemes LB, Arregui CO, Ugalde JE, Czibener C. Brucella NpeA is a secreted Type IV effector containing an N-WASP-binding short linear motif that promotes niche formation. mBio 2024; 15:e0072624. [PMID: 38847540 PMCID: PMC11253601 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00726-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The modulation of actin polymerization is a common theme among microbial pathogens. Even though microorganisms show a wide repertoire of strategies to subvert the activity of actin, most of them converge in the ones that activate nucleating factors, such as the Arp2/3 complex. Brucella spp. are intracellular pathogens capable of establishing chronic infections in their hosts. The ability to subvert the host cell response is dependent on the capacity of the bacterium to attach, invade, avoid degradation in the phagocytic compartment, replicate in an endoplasmic reticulum-derived compartment and egress. Even though a significant number of mechanisms deployed by Brucella in these different phases have been identified and characterized, none of them have been described to target actin as a cellular component. In this manuscript, we describe the identification of a novel virulence factor (NpeA) that promotes niche formation. NpeA harbors a short linear motif (SLiM) present within an amphipathic alpha helix that has been described to bind the GTPase-binding domain (GBD) of N-WASP and stabilizes the autoinhibited state. Our results show that NpeA is secreted in a Type IV secretion system-dependent manner and that deletion of the gene diminishes the intracellular replication capacity of the bacterium. In vitro and ex vivo experiments demonstrate that NpeA binds N-WASP and that the short linear motif is required for the biological activity of the protein.IMPORTANCEThe modulation of actin-binding effectors that regulate the activity of this fundamental cellular protein is a common theme among bacterial pathogens. The neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is a protein that several pathogens target to hijack actin dynamics. The highly adapted intracellular bacterium Brucella has evolved a wide repertoire of virulence factors that modulate many activities of the host cell to establish successful intracellular replication niches, but, to date, no effector proteins have been implicated in the modulation of actin dynamics. We present here the identification of a virulence factor that harbors a short linear motif (SLiM) present within an amphipathic alpha helix that has been described to bind the GTPase-binding domain (GBD) of N-WASP stabilizing its autoinhibited state. We demonstrate that this protein is a Type IV secretion effector that targets N-WASP-promoting intracellular survival and niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela G. Del Giudice
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula V. López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Guaimas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Sámano-Sánchez
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Toby J. Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucía B. Chemes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos O. Arregui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E. Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Czibener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Campbell M, Barton IS, Roop RM, Chien P. Comparison of CcrM-dependent methylation in Caulobacter crescentus and Brucella abortus by nanopore sequencing. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0008324. [PMID: 38722176 PMCID: PMC11332171 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00083-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria rely on DNA methylation for restriction-modification systems and epigenetic control of gene expression. Here, we use direct detection of methylated bases by nanopore sequencing to monitor global DNA methylation in Alphaproteobacteria, where use of this technique has not yet been reported. One representative of this order, Caulobacter crescentus, relies on DNA methylation to control cell cycle progression, but it is unclear whether other members of this order, such as Brucella abortus, depend on the same systems. We addressed these questions by first measuring CcrM-dependent DNA methylation in Caulobacter and showing excellent correlation between nanopore-based detection and previously published results. We then directly measure the impact of Lon-mediated CcrM degradation on the epigenome, verifying that loss of Lon results in pervasive methylation. We also show that the AlkB demethylase has no global impact on DNA methylation during normal growth. Next, we report on the global DNA methylation in B. abortus for the first time and find that CcrM-dependent methylation is reliant on Lon but impacts the two chromosomes differently. Finally, we explore the impact of the MucR transcription factor, known to compete with CcrM methylation, on the Brucella methylome and share the results with a publicly available visualization package. Our work demonstrates the utility of nanopore-based sequencing for epigenome measurements in Alphaproteobacteria and reveals new features of CcrM-dependent methylation in a zoonotic pathogen.IMPORTANCEDNA methylation plays an important role in bacteria, maintaining genome integrity and regulating gene expression. We used nanopore sequencing to directly measure methylated bases in Caulobacter crescentus and Brucella abortus. In Caulobacter, we showed that stabilization of the CcrM methyltransferase upon loss of the Lon protease results in prolific methylation and discovered that the putative methylase AlkB is unlikely to have a global physiological effect. We measured genome-wide methylation in Brucella for the first time, revealing a similar role for CcrM in cell-cycle methylation but a more complex regulation by the Lon protease than in Caulobacter. Finally, we show how the virulence factor MucR impacts DNA methylation patterns in Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian Scott Barton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - R. Martin Roop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Campbell M, Barton IS, Roop RM, Chien P. Comparison of CcrM-dependent methylation in Caulobacter crescentus and Brucella abortus by nanopore sequencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.01.583015. [PMID: 38464217 PMCID: PMC10925313 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.01.583015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria rely on DNA methylation for restriction-modification systems and epigenetic control of gene expression. Here, we use direct detection of methylated bases by nanopore sequencing to monitor global DNA methylation in Alphaproteobacteria, where use of this technique has not yet been reported. One representative of this order, Caulobacter crescentus, relies on DNA methylation to control cell cycle progression, but it is unclear whether other members of this order, such as Brucella abortus, depend on the same systems. We addressed these questions by first measuring CcrM-dependent DNA methylation in Caulobacter and show excellent correlation between nanopore-based detection and previously published results. We then directly measure the impact of Lon-mediated CcrM degradation on the epigenome, verifying that loss of Lon results in pervasive methylation. We also show that the AlkB demethylase has no global impact on DNA methylation during normal growth. Next, we report on the global DNA methylation in Brucella abortus for the first time and find that CcrM-dependent methylation is reliant on Lon but impacts the two chromosomes differently. Finally, we explore the impact of the MucR transcription factor, known to compete with CcrM methylation, on the Brucella methylome and share the results with a publicly available visualization package. Our work demonstrates the utility of nanopore-based sequencing for epigenome measurements in Alphaproteobacteria and reveals new features of CcrM-dependent methylation in a zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Ian Scott Barton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - R. Martin Roop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Peter Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
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Celik E, Kayman T, Buyuk F, Gulmez Saglam A, Abay S, Akar M, Karakaya E, Balkan Bozlak CE, Coskun MR, Buyuk E, Celebi O, Sahin M, Saticioglu IB, Durhan S, Baykal A, Ersoy Y, Otlu S, Aydin F. The canonical Brucella species-host dependency is changing, however, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles remain unchanged. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106261. [PMID: 37488036 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic disease caused by Brucella species with a wide range of hosts, from marine mammals to terrestrial species, but with strict host preferences. With the zoonotic character, the prevalence of human brucellosis cases is a reflection of animal infections. This study aimed to identify 192 Brucella isolates obtained from various sources by Bruce-ladder PCR and to determine their antibiotic susceptibilities by gradient diffusion method (E-test). As a result of the PCR, all human isolates (n = 57) were identified as B. melitensis. While 58 (82.9%) of the cattle isolates were identified as B. abortus, 59 (90.8%) of the sheep isolates were identified as B. melitensis. In addition, 12 (17.1%) of the cattle isolates and 6 (9.2%) of the sheep isolates were determined as B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. The primary host change behavior of B. melitensis was 1.9 times higher than that of B. abortus. While gentamicin and ciprofloxacin susceptibilities of Brucella isolates were 100%, tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin susceptibilities were 99%, 99%, 97.4%, 91.7% and 83.9%, respectively. The lowest sensitivity of the isolates was determined against to cefoperazone as 26%. A triple-drug resistance was detected in 1 B. abortus isolate that included simultaneous resistance to cefoperazone, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The high susceptibility profiles we found against to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, used widely in treatment, are encouraging. However, the change in the canonical Brucella species-primary host preference suggests the need to reconsider eradication program, including updating vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Celik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Aliye Gulmez Saglam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Secil Abay
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Eda Balkan Bozlak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Health Research and Application Hospital, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Reha Coskun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Eray Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mitat Sahin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seda Durhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Atakan Baykal
- Harakani Public Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Kars, Turkey
| | - Yaren Ersoy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Salih Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Prasolova O, Krylova E, Bogomazova A, Soltynskaya I, Sklyarov O, Gordeeva V, Timofeeva I, Motorygin A, Panin A. Russian collection of Brucella abortus vaccine strains: annotation, implementation and genomic analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1154520. [PMID: 37415963 PMCID: PMC10322197 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1154520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, immunization of cattle in Russia has been performed using vaccines from Brucella abortus strains 82, 19 and 75/79. To prevent brucellosis in small ruminants, two vaccines have been used, from the Brucella melitensis strain REV-1 and the B. abortus strain 19; note that twice as many animals have been immunized with the former vaccine than with the latter vaccine. The disadvantage of using these preparations is the formation of prolonged post-vaccination seropositivity, which is especially pronounced in animals after immunization with vaccines from B. abortus strain 19 and B. melitensis strain REV-1. This study aims to perform the whole genome sequencing of Brucella vaccine strains from the Russian collection. A bioinformatics analysis of the genomic data proved that the vaccine strains 75/79AB, 82, R-1096, and the KV 17/100 belong to ST-2, 104 M to ST-1, KV 13/100 to ST-5. This analysis allowed us to characterize vaccine strains's phylogenetic relationships and to prove the close relation of vaccine strains 75/79AB, 82, R-1096. Also, we defined candidate mutations in genes pmm, wbdA, wbkA, wboA, and eryB, which could be responsible for the attenuated virulence of vaccine strains. The complete genomic sequences of B. abortus strains make further studies of bacterial pathogenicity determinants and virulence phenotype feasible, as well as their use in quality control of animal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prasolova
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Bogomazova
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
- The Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Soltynskaya
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Sklyarov
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika Gordeeva
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
- The Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Timofeeva
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Motorygin
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Panin
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
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Ba F, Ji X, Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu WQ, Liu Y, Ling S, Li J. Engineering Escherichia coli to Utilize Erythritol as Sole Carbon Source. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207008. [PMID: 36938858 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol, one of the natural sugar alcohols, is widely used as a sugar substitute sweetener in food industries. Humans themselves are not able to catabolize erythritol and their gut microbes lack related catabolic pathways either to metabolize erythritol. Here, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is engineered to utilize erythritol as sole carbon source aiming for defined applications. First, the erythritol metabolic gene cluster is isolated and the erythritol-binding transcriptional repressor and its DNA-binding site are experimentally characterized. Transcriptome analysis suggests that carbohydrate metabolism-related genes in the engineered E. coli are overall upregulated. In particular, the enzymes of transaldolase (talA and talB) and transketolase (tktA and tktB) are notably overexpressed (e.g., the expression of tktB is improved by nearly sixfold). By overexpression of the four genes, cell growth can be increased as high as three times compared to the cell cultivation without overexpression. Finally, engineered E. coli strains can be used as a living detector to distinguish erythritol-containing soda soft drinks and can grow in the simulated intestinal fluid supplemented with erythritol. This work is expected to inspire the engineering of more hosts to respond and utilize erythritol for broad applications in metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ba
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Ji
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Qiu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
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Abstract
Host cell egress is a critical step in the life cycle of intracellular pathogens, especially in microbes capable of establishing chronic infections. The Gram-negative bacterium Brucella belongs to such a group of pathogens. Even though much has been done to understand how Brucella avoids killing and multiplies in its intracellular niche, the mechanism that this bacterium deploys to egress from the cell to complete its cycle has been poorly studied. In the manuscript, we quantify the kinetics of bacterial egress and show that Brucella exploits multivesicular bodies to exit host cells. For the first time, we visualized the process of egress in real time by live video microscopy and showed that a population of intracellular bacteria exit from host cells in vacuoles containing multivesicular body-like features. We observed the colocalization of Brucella with two multivesicular markers, namely, CD63 and LBPA, both during the final stages of the intracellular life cycle and in egressed bacteria. Moreover, drugs that either promote or inhibit multivesicular bodies either increased or decreased the number of extracellular bacteria, respectively. Our results strongly suggest that Brucella hijacks multivesicular bodies to exit the host cells to initiate new infection events. IMPORTANCE How intracellular bacterial pathogens egress from host cells has been poorly studied. This is particularly important because this stage of the infectious cycle can have a strong impact on how the host resolves the infection. Brucella is an intracellular pathogen that infects mammals, including humans, and causes a chronic debilitating illness. The bacterium has evolved a plethora of mechanisms to invade host cells, avoid degradation in the endocytic pathway, and actively multiply within a specialized intracellular compartment. However, how this pathogen exits from infected cells to produce reinfection and complete its life cycle is poorly understood. In the manuscript, we shed some light on the mechanisms that are exploited by Brucella to egress from host cells. We observed for the first time the egress of Brucella from infected cells by time-lapse video microscopy, and we found that the bacterium exits in vesicles containing multivesicular bodies (MVBs) features. Moreover, the drug manipulation of MVBs resulted in the alteration of bacterial egress efficiency. Our results indicate that Brucella hijacks MVBs to exit host cells and that this strongly contributes to the reinfection cycle.
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Guo X, Zeng H, Li M, Xiao Y, Gu G, Song Z, Shuai X, Guo J, Huang Q, Zhou B, Chu Y, Jiao H. The mechanism of chronic intracellular infection with Brucella spp. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1129172. [PMID: 37143745 PMCID: PMC10151771 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1129172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease. It is prevalent in more than 170 countries and regions. It mostly damages an animal's reproductive system and causes extreme economic losses to the animal husbandry industry. Once inside cells, Brucella resides in a vacuole, designated the BCV, which interacts with components of the endocytic and secretory pathways to ensure bacterial survival. Numerous studies conducted recently have revealed that Brucella's ability to cause a chronic infection depends on how it interacts with the host. This paper describes the immune system, apoptosis, and metabolic control of host cells as part of the mechanism of Brucella survival in host cells. Brucella contributes to both the body's non-specific and specific immunity during chronic infection, and it can aid in its survival by causing the body's immune system to become suppressed. In addition, Brucella regulates apoptosis to avoid being detected by the host immune system. The BvrR/BvrS, VjbR, BlxR, and BPE123 proteins enable Brucella to fine-tune its metabolism while also ensuring its survival and replication and improving its ability to adapt to the intracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Guo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojing Gu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhui Song
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehong Shuai
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingzhou Huang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Zhou, ; Yuefeng Chu, ; Hanwei Jiao,
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Zhou, ; Yuefeng Chu, ; Hanwei Jiao,
| | - Hanwei Jiao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- The Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Zhou, ; Yuefeng Chu, ; Hanwei Jiao,
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Kurmanov B, Zincke D, Su W, Hadfield TL, Aikimbayev A, Karibayev T, Berdikulov M, Orynbayev M, Nikolich MP, Blackburn JK. Assays for Identification and Differentiation of Brucella Species: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081584. [PMID: 36014002 PMCID: PMC9416531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Cases are reported annually across the range of known infectious species of the genus Brucella. Globally, Brucella melitensis, primarily hosted by domestic sheep and goats, affects large proportions of livestock herds, and frequently spills over into humans. While some species, such as Brucella abortus, are well controlled in livestock in areas of North America, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem supports the species in native wild ungulates with occasional spillover to livestock. Elsewhere in North America, other Brucella species still infect domestic dogs and feral swine, with some associated human cases. Brucella spp. patterns vary across space globally with B. abortus and B. melitensis the most important for livestock control. A myriad of other species within the genus infect a wide range of marine mammals, wildlife, rodents, and even frogs. Infection in humans from these others varies with geography and bacterial species. Control in humans is primarily achieved through livestock vaccination and culling and requires accurate and rapid species confirmation; vaccination is Brucella spp.-specific and typically targets single livestock species for distribution. Traditional bacteriology methods are slow (some media can take up to 21 days for bacterial growth) and often lack the specificity of molecular techniques. Here, we summarize the molecular techniques for confirming and identifying specific Brucella species and provide recommendations for selecting the appropriate methods based on need, sensitivity, and laboratory capabilities/technology. As vaccination/culling approaches are costly and logistically challenging, proper diagnostics and species identification are critical tools for targeting surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berzhan Kurmanov
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wanwen Su
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ted L. Hadfield
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alim Aikimbayev
- Scientific Practical Center for Sanitary Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, Ministry of Health, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibayev
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Berdikulov
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Special Problems, Otar, Zhambyl 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Molecular characterization of zoonotic Brucella species isolated from animal and human samples in Iran. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106363. [PMID: 35149040 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an endemic infection in Iran and represents a serious health problem in humans and livestock causing important economic losses. The objective of this study was to undertake molecular characterization of Brucella spp. isolated from humans and livestock in several provinces of Iran including by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), in order to understand the genotypes circulating in Iran and their relationship to genotypes globally. A total of 23 Brucella isolates were isolated from eight milk samples (seven cows, and one camel), human blood samples (seven), bovine lymph nodes (two), and samples from aborted fetuses (three sheep, two cows, and one goat). Phenotypic and molecular identification of Brucella isolates was performed on all isolated bacteria and showed that all were either Brucella melitensis or Brucella abortus. B. melitensis was associated with ovine/caprine and camel samples, most human isolates, and a significant minority of cattle isolates. In contrast B. abortus from livestock was associated only with isolations from bovine samples, as well as a single human sample. These results indicate that both B. melitensis and B. abortus contribute to the human brucellosis burden in Iran. B. melitensis isolates comprised three MLST-9 genotypes, the common and globally distributed ST8, a single representative of ST7, and several additional examples of ST102, a genotype previously only reported in a single isolate from a human brucellosis case believed to be acquired through travel to Iran. B. abortus isolates represented two globally common MLST-9 genotypes (ST1 and ST2), with relationships to biotype and other PCR-based typing methods consistent with previous observations. The results provide the basis for further studies examining the molecular epidemiology of Brucella circulating in Iran and the relationships of local isolates to those present globally.
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11
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The Retrospective on Atypical Brucella Species Leads to Novel Definitions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040813. [PMID: 35456863 PMCID: PMC9025488 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Brucella currently comprises twelve species of facultative intracellular bacteria with variable zoonotic potential. Six of them have been considered as classical, causing brucellosis in terrestrial mammalian hosts, with two species originated from marine mammals. In the past fifteen years, field research as well as improved pathogen detection and typing have allowed the identification of four new species, namely Brucella microti, Brucella inopinata, Brucella papionis, Brucella vulpis, and of numerous strains, isolated from a wide range of hosts, including for the first time cold-blooded animals. While their genome sequences are still highly similar to those of classical strains, some of them are characterized by atypical phenotypes such as higher growth rate, increased resistance to acid stress, motility, and lethality in the murine infection model. In our review, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art knowledge about these novel Brucella sp., with emphasis on their phylogenetic positions in the genus, their metabolic characteristics, acid stress resistance mechanisms, and their behavior in well-established in cellulo and in vivo infection models. Comparison of phylogenetic classification and phenotypical properties between classical and novel Brucella species and strains finally lead us to propose a more adapted terminology, distinguishing between core and non-core, and typical versus atypical brucellae, respectively.
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12
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de la Garza-García JA, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Lyonnais S, Ornelas-Eusebio E, Freddi L, Al Dahouk S, Occhialini A, Köhler S. Comparative Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis of Brucella suis and Brucella microti Under Acid Stress at pH 4.5: Cold Shock Protein CspA and Dps Are Associated With Acid Resistance of B. microti. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794535. [PMID: 34966374 PMCID: PMC8710502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellae are facultative intracellular coccobacilli causing brucellosis, one of the most widespread bacterial zoonosis affecting wildlife animals, livestock and humans. The genus Brucella comprises classical and atypical species, such as Brucella suis and Brucella microti, respectively. The latter is characterized by increased metabolic activity, fast growth rates, and extreme acid resistance at pH 2.5, suggesting an advantage for environmental survival. In addition, B. microti is more acid-tolerant than B. suis at the intermediate pH of 4.5. This acid-resistant phenotype of B. microti may have major implications for fitness in soil, food products and macrophages. Our study focused on the identification and characterization of acid resistance determinants of B. suis and B. microti in Gerhardt's minimal medium at pH 4.5 and 7.0 for 20 min and 2 h by comparative RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis, validated by RT-qPCR. Results yielded a common core response in both species with a total of 150 differentially expressed genes, and acidic pH-dependent genes regulated specifically in each species. The identified core response mechanisms comprise proton neutralization or extrusion from the cytosol, participating in maintaining physiological intracellular pH values. Differential expression of 441 genes revealed species-specific mechanisms in B. microti with rapid physiological adaptation to acid stress, anticipating potential damage to cellular components and critical energy conditions. Acid stress-induced genes encoding cold shock protein CspA, pseudogene in B. suis, and stress protein Dps were associated with survival of B. microti at pH 4.5. B. suis response with 284 specifically regulated genes suggested increased acid stress-mediated protein misfolding or damaging, triggering the set-up of repair strategies countering the consequences rather than the origin of acid stress and leading to subsequent loss of viability. In conclusion, our work supports the hypothesis that increased acid stress resistance of B. microti is based on selective pressure for the maintenance of functionality of critical genes, and on specific differential gene expression, resulting in rapid adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A de la Garza-García
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Safia Ouahrani-Bettache
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Erika Ornelas-Eusebio
- Unité des Zoonoses Bactériennes and Unité d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alessandra Occhialini
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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13
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Saadat M, Gandomkar M, Bahreinipour A, Bandehpour M, Kazemi B, Mosaffa N. Evaluation of the designed multi-epitope protein of Brucella melitensis in guinea pigs. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:833-841. [PMID: 34630961 PMCID: PMC8487608 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54667.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives One of the causes of human and animal zoonotic infections is Brucella melitensis, which is transmitted to humans through dairy products. It seems for prevention of human infection we might protect the livestock by an efficient protein as a vaccine candidate. For this purpose, the use of immunogenic proteins of bacteria is able to create immunity the same as the traditional vaccines. Materials and Methods In this study, by finding the immunogenic antigens of this bacterium by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF methods and also the proteins reported in other studies, we found the epitopes of the bacterial antigenic determinants in silico. Nineteen peptides of T and B epitopes were selected. They were ligated with linkers and after gene synthesis, the designed polypeptide was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The purified recombinant MEL protein mixed with chitin was injected subcutaneously into three 300 g male guinea pigs three times. Also, PBS control and Rev.1 commercial vaccine groups were considered. Results The results show that MEL polypeptide is equal to the Rev.1 vaccine in stimulating secretion of IFNγ and IL2 and specific IgG. High levels of IL-2 emphasize the activation of the cellular immunity, and in particular comparison of PI in guinea pig's spleen cells treated with recombinant MEL protein on days 0 and 5 show that it has significant proliferation compared with PBS unstimulated cells. Conclusion This recombinant protein could be a subunit protein with sufficient efficiency in stimulating the humoral and cellular-mediated immune system against B. melitansis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Saadat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Gandomkar
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Improving mobilization of foreign DNA into Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 by removal of multiple restriction systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0080821. [PMID: 34288704 PMCID: PMC8432527 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00808-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zymomonas mobilis has emerged as a promising candidate for production of high-value bioproducts from plant biomass. However, a major limitation in equipping Z. mobilis with novel pathways to achieve this goal is restriction of heterologous DNA. Here, we characterized the contribution of several defense systems of Z. mobilis strain ZM4 to impeding heterologous gene transfer from an Escherichia coli donor. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Z. mobilis ZM4 encodes a previously described mrr-like type IV restriction modification (RM) system, a type I-F CRISPR system, a chromosomal type I RM system (hsdMSc), and a previously uncharacterized type I RM system, located on an endogenous plasmid (hsdRMSp). The DNA recognition motif of HsdRMSp was identified by comparing the methylated DNA sequence pattern of mutants lacking one or both of the hsdMSc and hsdRMSp systems to that of the parent strain. The conjugation efficiency of synthetic plasmids containing single or combinations of the HsdMSc and HsdRMSp recognition sites indicated that both systems are active and decrease uptake of foreign DNA. In contrast, deletions of mrr and cas3 led to no detectable improvement in conjugation efficiency for the exogenous DNA tested. Thus, the suite of markerless restriction-negative strains that we constructed and the knowledge of this new restriction system and its DNA recognition motif provide the necessary platform to flexibly engineer the next generation of Z. mobilis strains for synthesis of valuable products. IMPORTANCEZymomonas mobilis is equipped with a number of traits that make it a desirable platform organism for metabolic engineering to produce valuable bioproducts. Engineering strains equipped with synthetic pathways for biosynthesis of new molecules requires integration of foreign genes. In this study, we developed an all-purpose strain, devoid of known host restriction systems and free of any antibiotic resistance markers, which dramatically improves the uptake efficiency of heterologous DNA into Z. mobilis ZM4. We also confirmed the role of a previously known restriction system as well as identifying a previously unknown type I RM system on an endogenous plasmid. Elimination of the barriers to DNA uptake as shown here will allow facile genetic engineering of Z. mobilis.
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15
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Li B, Chen S, Wang C, Chen Q, Man C, An Q, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Du L, Wang F. Integrated mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq analysis of goat fibroblasts response to Brucella Melitensis strain M5-90. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11679. [PMID: 34249510 PMCID: PMC8253117 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a globally zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and various animals including goats, sheep, and cattle. Brucella melitensis M5-90, a live attenuated vaccine strain, has been widely used to prevent brucellosis in goats and sheep. However, the molecular mechanisms governing protective immunity response in non-professional phagocytes infected with B. melitensis M5-90 have not been fully investigated, especially in goats. In our research, goat fibroblasts were used as in vitro models to determine these mechanisms by transcriptome analysis. After incubating with B. melitensis M5-90 3 h, the infected goat fibroblasts were collected at 0 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for RNA-seq. The results indicated that there were totally 11,819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 777 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs found in experiment groups compared with the control groups (|log2(Foldchange)|≥1, FDR<0.05). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that down-regulated genes were involved in the riboflavin metabolism and positive regulation of IL-8 secretion pathway. The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in adaptive immunity, including TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and JAK/STAT pathway. Additionally, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which associated with innate immunity pathways, were also induced. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficients and prediction results of TargetScan and miRanda, the miRNA-mRNA networks of NFKB1, IFNAR2 and IL10RB were constructed and verified in goat fibroblasts by qPCR, which demonstrated that goat fibroblasts displayed immunomodulatory properties. Our findings provide a deeper insight into the host miRNA-driven B. melitensis defense mechanism and reveal the transcriptome changes involved in the innate and adaptive immune response of the goats to B. melitensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Li
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Si Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Churiga Man
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qi An
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Du
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Haikou, Hainan, China
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16
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Bialer MG, Ferrero MC, Delpino MV, Ruiz-Ranwez V, Posadas DM, Baldi PC, Zorreguieta A. Adhesive Functions or Pseudogenization of Type Va Autotransporters in Brucella Species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:607610. [PMID: 33987105 PMCID: PMC8111173 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.607610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to host cells is a key step for successful infection of many bacterial pathogens and may define tropism to different host tissues. To do so, bacteria display adhesins on their surfaces. Brucella is an intracellular pathogen capable of proliferating in a wide variety of cell types. It has been described that BmaC, a large protein that belongs to the classical (type Va) autotransporter family, is required for efficient adhesion of Brucella suis strain 1330 to epithelial cells and fibronectin. Here we show that B. suis 1330 harbors two other type Va autotransporters (BmaA and BmaB), which, although much smaller, share significant sequence similarities with BmaC and contain the essential domains to mediate proper protein translocation to the bacterial surface. Gain and loss of function studies indicated that BmaA, BmaB, and BmaC contribute, to a greater or lesser degree, to adhesion of B. suis 1330 to different cells such as synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts, trophoblasts, and polarized epithelial cells as well as to extracellular matrix components. It was previously shown that BmaC localizes to a single bacterial pole. Interestingly, we observed here that, similar to BmaC, the BmaB adhesin is localized mostly at a single cell pole, reinforcing the hypothesis that Brucella displays an adhesive pole. Although Brucella species have strikingly similar genomes, they clearly differ in their host preferences. Mainly, the differences identified between species appear to be at loci encoding surface proteins. A careful in silico analysis of the putative type Va autotransporter orthologues from several Brucella strains showed that the bmaB locus from Brucella abortus and both, the bmaA and bmaC loci from Brucella melitensis are pseudogenes in all strains analyzed. Results reported here evidence that all three autotransporters play a role in the adhesion properties of B. suis 1330. However, Brucella spp. exhibit extensive variations in the repertoire of functional adhesins of the classical autotransporter family that can be displayed on the bacterial surface, making them an interesting target for future studies on host preference and tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí G Bialer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), IIBBA (CONICET-FIL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Ferrero
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Diana M Posadas
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), IIBBA (CONICET-FIL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo C Baldi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angeles Zorreguieta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), IIBBA (CONICET-FIL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Whatmore AM, Foster JT. Emerging diversity and ongoing expansion of the genus Brucella. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104865. [PMID: 33872784 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable genetic diversity and breadth of host species has been uncovered in the Brucella genus over the past decade, fundamentally changing our concept of what it means to be a Brucella. From ocean fishes and marine mammals, to pond dwelling amphibians, forest foxes, desert rodents, and cave-dwelling bats, Brucella have revealed a variety of previously unknown niches. Classical microbiological techniques have been able to help us classify many of these new strains but at times have limited our ability to see the true relationships among or within species. The closest relatives of Brucella are soil bacteria and the adaptations of Brucella spp. to live intracellularly suggest that the genus has evolved to live in vertebrate hosts. Several recently discovered species appear to have phenotypes that are intermediate between soil bacteria and core Brucella, suggesting that they may represent ancestral traits that were subsequently lost in the traditional species. Remarkably, the broad relationships among Brucella species using a variety of sequence and fragment-based approaches have been upheld when using comparative genomics with whole genomes. Nonetheless, genomes are required for fine-scale resolution of many of the relationships and for understanding the evolutionary history of the genus. We expect that the coming decades will reveal many more hosts and previously unknown diversity in a wide range of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Whatmore
- OIE and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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18
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Jiao H, Zhou Z, Li B, Xiao Y, Li M, Zeng H, Guo X, Gu G. The Mechanism of Facultative Intracellular Parasitism of Brucella. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073673. [PMID: 33916050 PMCID: PMC8036852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly prevalent zoonotic disease characterized by abortion and reproductive dysfunction in pregnant animals. Although the mortality rate of Brucellosis is low, it is harmful to human health, and also seriously affects the development of animal husbandry, tourism and international trade. Brucellosis is caused by Brucella, which is a facultative intracellular parasitic bacteria. It mainly forms Brucella-containing vacuoles (BCV) in the host cell to avoid the combination with lysosome (Lys), so as to avoid the elimination of it by the host immune system. Brucella not only has the ability to resist the phagocytic bactericidal effect, but also can make the host cells form a microenvironment which is conducive to its survival, reproduction and replication, and survive in the host cells for a long time, which eventually leads to the formation of chronic persistent infection. Brucella can proliferate and replicate in cells, evade host immune response and induce persistent infection, which are difficult problems in the treatment and prevention of Brucellosis. Therefore, the paper provides a preliminary overview of the facultative intracellular parasitic and immune escape mechanisms of Brucella, which provides a theoretical basis for the later study on the pathogenesis of Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Jiao
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.); (G.G.)
- Veterinary Scientific Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Mengjuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Hui Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Guojing Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (Z.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.); (G.G.)
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19
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Generating asymmetry in a changing environment: cell cycle regulation in dimorphic alphaproteobacteria. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1349-1363. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile many bacteria divide by symmetric binary fission, some alphaproteobacteria have strikingly asymmetric cell cycles, producing offspring that differs significantly in their morphology and reproductive state. To establish this asymmetry, these species employ a complex cell cycle regulatory pathway based on two-component signaling cascades. At the center of this network is the essential DNA-binding response regulator CtrA, which acts as a transcription factor controlling numerous genes with cell cycle-relevant functions as well as a regulator of chromosome replication. The DNA-binding activity of CtrA is controlled at the level of both protein phosphorylation and stability, dependent on an intricate network of regulatory proteins, whose function is tightly coordinated in time and space. CtrA is differentially activated in the two (developing) offspring, thereby establishing distinct transcriptional programs that ultimately determine their distinct cell fates. Phase-separated polar microdomains of changing composition sequester proteins involved in the (in-)activation and degradation of CtrA specifically at each pole. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the CtrA pathway and discuss how it has evolved to regulate the cell cycle of morphologically distinct alphaproteobacteria.
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20
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Rajendhran J. Genomic insights into Brucella. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 87:104635. [PMID: 33189905 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by certain species of Brucella. Each species has its preferred host animal, though it can infect other animals too. For a longer period, only six classical species were recognized in the genus Brucella. No vaccine is available for human brucellosis. Therefore, human brucellosis can be controlled only by controlling brucellosis in animals. The genus is now expanding with the newly isolated atypical strains from various animals, including marine mammals. Presently, 12 species of Brucella have been recognized. The first genome of Brucella was released in 2002, and today, we have more than 1500 genomes of Brucella spp. isolated worldwide. Multiple genome sequences are available for the major zoonotic species, B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis. The Brucella genome has two chromosomes with the approximate sizes of 2.1 and 1.2 Mbp. The genome of Brucella is highly conserved across all the species at the nucleotide level. One of the unanswered questions is what makes host preference in different species of Brucella. Here, I summarize the recent advancements in the Brucella genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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21
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Rahbar MR, Zarei M, Jahangiri A, Khalili S, Nezafat N, Negahdaripour M, Fattahian Y, Savardashtaki A, Ghasemi Y. Non-adaptive Evolution of Trimeric Autotransporters in Brucellaceae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:560667. [PMID: 33281759 PMCID: PMC7688925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.560667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella species are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens. They are the main cause of brucellosis, which has led to a global health burden. Adherence of the pathogen to the host cells is the first step in the infection process. The bacteria can adhere to various biotic and abiotic surfaces using their outer membrane proteins. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are modular homotrimers of various length and domain complexity. They are a diverse, and widespread gene family constituting the type Vc secretion pathway. These adhesins have been established as virulence factors in Brucellaceae. To date, no comprehensive and exhaustive study has been performed on the trimeric autotransporter family in the genus. In the present study, various bioinformatics tools were used to provide a novel evolutionary insight into the sequence and structure of this protein family in Brucellaceae. To this end, a dataset of all trimeric autotransporters from the Brucella genomes was built. Analyses included but were not limited to sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree constructions, codon-based test for selection, clustering of the sequences, and structure (primary to quaternary) predictions. Batch analyzes of the dataset suggested the existence of a few structural domains within the whole population. BatA from the B. abortus 2308 genome was selected as a reference to describe the features of these structural domains. Furthermore, we examined the structural basis for the observed rigidity and resiliency of the protein structure through a molecular dynamics evaluation, which led us to deduce that the random drift results in the non-adaptive evolution of the trimeric autotransporter genes in the Brucella genus. Notably, the modifications have occurred across the genus without interference of gene transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Rahbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Zarei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jahangiri
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yaser Fattahian
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Suárez-Esquivel M, Chaves-Olarte E, Moreno E, Guzmán-Verri C. Brucella Genomics: Macro and Micro Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7749. [PMID: 33092044 PMCID: PMC7589603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella organisms are responsible for one of the most widespread bacterial zoonoses, named brucellosis. The disease affects several species of animals, including humans. One of the most intriguing aspects of the brucellae is that the various species show a ~97% similarity at the genome level. Still, the distinct Brucella species display different host preferences, zoonotic risk, and virulence. After 133 years of research, there are many aspects of the Brucella biology that remain poorly understood, such as host adaptation and virulence mechanisms. A strategy to understand these characteristics focuses on the relationship between the genomic diversity and host preference of the various Brucella species. Pseudogenization, genome reduction, single nucleotide polymorphism variation, number of tandem repeats, and mobile genetic elements are unveiled markers for host adaptation and virulence. Understanding the mechanisms of genome variability in the Brucella genus is relevant to comprehend the emergence of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Suárez-Esquivel
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica; (M.S.-E.); (E.M.)
| | - Esteban Chaves-Olarte
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 1180, Costa Rica;
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica; (M.S.-E.); (E.M.)
| | - Caterina Guzmán-Verri
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica; (M.S.-E.); (E.M.)
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 1180, Costa Rica;
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Convergent evolution of zoonotic Brucella species toward the selective use of the pentose phosphate pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26374-26381. [PMID: 33020286 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008939117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of the factors that govern host tropism remains incompletely understood for most pathogens. Brucella species, which are capable of infecting a wide range of hosts, offer a useful avenue to address this question. We hypothesized that metabolic fine-tuning to intrahost niches is likely an underappreciated axis underlying pathogens' ability to infect new hosts and tropism. In this work, we compared the central metabolism of seven Brucella species by stable isotopic labeling and genetics. We identified two functionally distinct groups, one overlapping with the classical zoonotic species of domestic livestock that exclusively use the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) for hexose catabolism, whereas species from the second group use mostly the Entner-Doudoroff pathway (EDP). We demonstrated that the metabolic dichotomy among Brucellae emerged after the acquisition of two independent EDP-inactivating mutations in all classical zoonotic species. We then examined the pathogenicity of key metabolic mutants in mice and confirmed that this trait is tied to virulence. Altogether, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the PPP has been incrementally selected over the EDP in parallel to Brucella adaptation to domestic livestock.
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Lopez P, Guaimas F, Czibener C, Ugalde JE. A genomic island in Brucella involved in the adhesion to host cells: Identification of a new adhesin and a translocation factor. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13245. [PMID: 32657513 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to host cells is the first step in the virulence cycle of any pathogen. In Gram-negative bacteria, adhesion is mediated, among other virulence factors such as the lipopolysaccharides, by specific outer-membrane proteins generally termed adhesins that belong to a wide variety of families and have different evolutionary origins. In Brucella, a widespread zoonotic pathogen of animal and human health concern, adhesion is central as it may determine the intracellular fate of the bacterium, an essential stage in its pathogenesis. In the present paper, we further characterised a genomic locus that we have previously reported encodes an adhesin (BigA) with a bacterial immunoglobulin-like domain (BIg-like). We found that this region encodes a second adhesin, which we have named BigB; and PalA, a periplasmic protein necessary for the proper display in the outer membrane of BigA and BigB. Deletion of bigB or palA diminishes the adhesion of the bacterium and overexpression of BigB dramatically increases it. Incubation of cells with the recombinant BIg-like domain of BigB induced important cytoskeletal rearrangements and affected the focal adhesion sites indicating that the adhesin targets cell-cell or cell-matrix proteins. We additionally show that PalA has a periplasmic localisation and is completely necessary for the proper display of BigA and BigB, probably avoiding their aggregation and facilitating their transport to the outer membrane. Our results indicate that this genomic island is entirely devoted to the adhesion of Brucella to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lopez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas 'Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde', IIB-UNSAM, IIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Guaimas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas 'Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde', IIB-UNSAM, IIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Czibener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas 'Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde', IIB-UNSAM, IIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas 'Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde', IIB-UNSAM, IIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Comparative structure, dynamics and evolution of acyl-carrier proteins from Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella melitensis and Rickettsia prowazekii. Biochem J 2020; 477:491-508. [PMID: 31922183 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) are small helical proteins found in all kingdoms of life, primarily involved in fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis. In eukaryotes, ACPs are part of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex, where they act as flexible tethers for the growing lipid chain, enabling access to the distinct active sites in FAS. In the type II synthesis systems found in bacteria and plastids, these proteins exist as monomers and perform various processes, from being a donor for synthesis of various products such as endotoxins, to supplying acyl chains for lipid A and lipoic acid FAS (quorum sensing), but also as signaling molecules, in bioluminescence and activation of toxins. The essential and diverse nature of their functions makes ACP an attractive target for antimicrobial drug discovery. Here, we report the structure, dynamics and evolution of ACPs from three human pathogens: Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella melitensis and Rickettsia prowazekii, which could facilitate the discovery of new inhibitors of ACP function in pathogenic bacteria.
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26
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Pan-Proteomic Analysis and Elucidation of Protein Abundance among the Closely Related Brucella Species, Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060836. [PMID: 32486122 PMCID: PMC7355635 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The species, B. abortus and B. melitensis, major causative agents of human brucellosis, share remarkably similar genomes, but they differ in their natural hosts, phenotype, antigenic, immunogenic, proteomic and metabolomic properties. In the present study, label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to investigate protein expression level differences. Type strains and field strains were each cultured six times, cells were harvested at a midlogarithmic growth phase and proteins were extracted. Following trypsin digestion, the peptides were desalted, separated by reverse-phase nanoLC, ionized using electrospray ionization and transferred into an linear trap quadrapole (LTQ) Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer to record full scan MS spectra (m/z 300–1700) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra of the 20 most intense ions. Database matching with the reference proteomes resulted in the identification of 826 proteins. The Cluster of Gene Ontologies of the identified proteins revealed differences in bimolecular transport and protein synthesis mechanisms between these two strains. Among several other proteins, antifreeze proteins, Omp10, superoxide dismutase and 30S ribosomal protein S14 were predicted as potential virulence factors among the proteins differentially expressed. All mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006348.
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27
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Wareth G, Pletz MW, Neubauer H, Murugaiyan J. Proteomics of Brucella: Technologies and Their Applications for Basic Research and Medical Microbiology. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050766. [PMID: 32443785 PMCID: PMC7285364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a global zoonosis caused by Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella (B.). Proteomics has been used to investigate a few B. melitensis and B. abortus strains, but data for other species and biovars are limited. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of proteomes will significantly contribute to understanding the enigmatic biology of brucellae. For direct identification and typing of Brucella, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI - TOF MS) has become a reliable tool for routine diagnosis due to its ease of handling, price and sensitivity highlighting the potential of proteome-based techniques. Proteome analysis will also help to overcome the historic but still notorious Brucella obstacles of infection medicine, the lack of safe and protective vaccines and sensitive serologic diagnostic tools by identifying the most efficient protein antigens. This perspective summarizes past and recent developments in Brucella proteomics with a focus on species identification and serodiagnosis. Future applications of proteomics in these fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-364-1804-2296
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University AP, Neerukonda, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
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Gutiérrez R, Shalit T, Markus B, Yuan C, Nachum-Biala Y, Elad D, Harrus S. Bartonella kosoyi sp. nov. and Bartonella krasnovii sp. nov., two novel species closely related to the zoonotic Bartonella elizabethae, isolated from black rats and wild desert rodent-fleas. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1656-1665. [PMID: 32100689 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bartonella (Family: Bartonellaceae; Order: Rhizobiales; Class: Alphaproteobacteria) comprises facultative intracellular Gram-negative, haemotropic, slow-growing, vector-borne bacteria. Wild rodents and their fleas harbor a great diversity of species and strains of the genus Bartonella, including several zoonotic ones. This genetic diversity coupled with a fastidious nature of the organism results in a taxonomic challenge that has led to a massive collection of uncharacterized strains. Here, we report the genomic and phenotypic characterization of two strains, members of the genus Bartonella (namely Tel Aviv and OE 1-1), isolated from Rattus rattus rats and Synosternus cleopatrae fleas, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed rod-shaped bacteria with polar pili, lengths ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 µm and widths ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 µm. OE 1-1 and Tel Aviv strains contained one single chromosome of 2.16 and 2.23 Mbp and one plasmid of 29.0 and 41.5 Kbp, with average DNA G+C contents of 38.16 and 38.47 mol%, respectively. These strains presented an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 89.9 %. Bartonella elizabethae was found to be the closest phylogenetic relative of both strains (ANI=90.9-93.6 %). The major fatty acids identified in both strains were C18:1ω7c, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0. They differ from B. elizabethae in their C17 : 0 and C15 : 0 compositions. Both strains are strictly capnophilic and their biochemical profiles resembled those of species of the genus Bartonella with validly published names, whereas differences in arylamidase activities partially assisted in their speciation. Genomic and phenotypic differences demonstrate that OE 1-1 and Tel Aviv strains represent novel individual species, closely related to B. elizabethae, for which we propose the names Bartonella kosoyi sp. nov. and Bartonella krasnovii sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
| | - Barak Markus
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
| | - Congli Yuan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
| | - Daniel Elad
- The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610000, Israel
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Carvalho TP, Ribeiro NQ, Mol JP, Costa FB, Eckstein C, Paula NF, Paixão TA, Santos RL. Pathogenic potential of Brucella ovis field isolates with different genotypic profile and protection provided by the vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA against B. ovis field isolates in mice. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Brucella ovis causes economic and reproductive losses in sheep herds. The goal of this study was to characterize infection with B. ovis field isolates in a murine model, and to evaluate protection induced by the candidate vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA in mice challenged with these field isolates. B. ovis field strains were able to colonize and cause lesions in the liver and spleen of infected mice. After an initial screening, two strains were selected for further characterization (B. ovis 94 AV and B. ovis 266 L). Both strains had in vitro growth kinetics that was similar to that of the reference strain B. ovis ATCC 25840. Vaccination with B. ovis ΔabcBA encapsulated with 1% alginate was protective against the challenge with field strains, with the following protection indexes: 0.751, 1.736, and 2.746, for mice challenged with B. ovis ATCC25840, B. ovis 94 AV, and B. ovis 266 L, respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that B. ovis field strains were capable of infecting and inducing lesions in experimentally infected mice. The attenuated vaccine strain B. ovis ΔabcBA induced protection in mice challenged with different B. ovis field isolates, resulting in higher protection indexes against more pathogenic strains.
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30
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Bie P, Yang X, Zhang C, Wu Q. Identification of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Brucella Diaminopimelate Decarboxylase by Using a High-Throughput Screening Assay. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2936. [PMID: 32038511 PMCID: PMC6986272 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by intracellular gram-negative pathogens of the genus Brucella, continues to be one of the most pandemic zoonotic diseases in most countries. At present, the therapeutic treatment of brucellosis relies on a combination of multiple antibiotics that involves a long course of treatment, easy relapse, and high side effects from the use of certain antibiotics (such as streptomycin). Thus, the need to identify novel drugs or targets to control this disease is urgent. Diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DAPDC), a key enzyme involved in the bacterial diaminopimelate (DAP) biosynthetic pathway, was suggested to be a promising anti-Brucella target in our previous study. In this work, the biological activity of Brucella melitensis DAPDC was characterized, and a library of 1,591 compounds was screened for inhibitors of DAPDC. The results of a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay showed that 24 compounds inhibited DAPDC activity. In a further in vitro bacterial inhibition experiment, five compounds exhibited anti-Brucella activity (SID3, SID4, SID14, SID15, and SID20). These results suggested that the identified compounds can be used as potent molecules against brucellosis and that the application ranges of these approved drugs can be expanded in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Bie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cunrui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingmin Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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31
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Pesce Viglietti AI, Giambartolomei GH, Quarleri J, Delpino MV. Brucella abortus Infection Modulates 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Inflammatory Response and Inhibits Adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:585923. [PMID: 33071987 PMCID: PMC7531218 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.585923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a prevalent global zoonotic infection but has far more impact in developing countries. The adipocytes are the most abundant cell type of adipose tissue and their secreted factors play an important role in several aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we demonstrated the ability of Brucella abortus to infect and replicate in both adipocytes and its precursor cells (pre-adipocytes) derived from 3T3-L1 cell line. Additionally, infection of pre-adipocytes also inhibited adipogenesis in a mechanism independent of bacterial viability and dependent on lipidated outer membrane protein (L-Omp19). B. abortus infection was able to modulate the secretion of IL-6 and the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) -2 and-9 in pre-adipocytes and adipocytes, and also modulated de transcription of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in differentiated adipocytes. B. abortus-infected macrophages also modulate adipocyte differentiation involving a TNF-α dependent mechanism, thus suggesting a plausible interplay between B. abortus, adipocytes, and macrophages. In conclusion, B. abortus is able to alter adipogenesis process in adipocytes and its precursors directly after their infection, or merely their exposure to the B. abortus lipoproteins, and indirectly through soluble factors released by B. abortus-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Ivana Pesce Viglietti
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Hernán Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Victoria Delpino, ; Jorge Quarleri,
| | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Victoria Delpino, ; Jorge Quarleri,
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32
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Deng Y, Liu X, Duan K, Peng Q. Research Progress on Brucellosis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5598-5608. [PMID: 29745323 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180510125009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a debilitating febrile illness caused by an intracellular Brucella. The disease is distributed in humans and animals widely, especially in developing countries. Ten species are included in the genus Brucella nowadays; four species of them are pathogenic to humans, which make brucellosis a zoonosis with more than 500,000 new cases reported annually. For human brucellosis, the most pathogenic species is B. melitensis followed by B. suis, while B. abortus is the mildest type of brucellosis. The infection mechanism of Brucella is complicated and mostly relies on its virulence factors. The therapy of the disease contains vaccination and antibiotic. However, there are some defects in currently available vaccines such as the lower protective level and safety. Thus, safe and efficient vaccines for brucellosis are still awaited. The dual therapy of antibacterial is effective in the treatment of brucellosis if a rapid and exact detection method is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kaifang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Rodríguez AM, Delpino MV, Miraglia MC, Giambartolomei GH. Immune Mediators of Pathology in Neurobrucellosis: From Blood to Central Nervous System. Neuroscience 2019; 410:264-273. [PMID: 31128159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sankarasubramanian J, Vishnu US, Gunasekaran P, Rajendhran J. Development and evaluation of a core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme for Brucella spp. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 67:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Poncin K, Gillet S, De Bolle X. Learning from the master: targets and functions of the CtrA response regulator in Brucella abortus and other alpha-proteobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:500-513. [PMID: 29733367 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-proteobacteria are a fascinating group of free-living, symbiotic and pathogenic organisms, including the Brucella genus, which is responsible for a worldwide zoonosis. One common feature of α-proteobacteria is the presence of a conserved response regulator called CtrA, first described in the model bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, where it controls gene expression at different stages of the cell cycle. Here, we focus on Brucella abortus and other intracellular α-proteobacteria in order to better assess the potential role of CtrA in the infectious context. Comparative genomic analyses of the CtrA control pathway revealed the conservation of specific modules, as well as the acquisition of new factors during evolution. The comparison of CtrA regulons also suggests that specific clades of α-proteobacteria acquired distinct functions under its control, depending on the essentiality of the transcription factor. Other CtrA-controlled functions, for instance motility and DNA repair, are proposed to be more ancestral. Altogether, these analyses provide an interesting example of the plasticity of a regulation network, subject to the constraints of inherent imperatives such as cell division and the adaptations to diversified environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Poncin
- URBM-Biology, Université de Namur, Unité de recherche en biologie moléculaire, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Gillet
- URBM-Biology, Université de Namur, Unité de recherche en biologie moléculaire, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Bolle
- URBM-Biology, Université de Namur, Unité de recherche en biologie moléculaire, Belgium
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36
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Matilla MA, Krell T. The effect of bacterial chemotaxis on host infection and pathogenicity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:4563582. [PMID: 29069367 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis enables microorganisms to move according to chemical gradients. Although this process requires substantial cellular energy, it also affords key physiological benefits, including enhanced access to growth substrates. Another important implication of chemotaxis is that it also plays an important role in infection and disease, as chemotaxis signalling pathways are broadly distributed across a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, current research indicates that chemotaxis is essential for the initial stages of infection in different human, animal and plant pathogens. This review focuses on recent findings that have identified specific bacterial chemoreceptors and corresponding chemoeffectors associated with pathogenicity. Pathogenicity-related chemoeffectors are either host and niche-specific signals or intermediates of the host general metabolism. Plant pathogens were found to contain an elevated number of chemotaxis signalling genes and functional studies demonstrate that these genes are critical for their ability to enter the host. The expanding body of knowledge of the mechanisms underlying chemotaxis in pathogens provides a foundation for the development of new therapeutic strategies capable of blocking infection and preventing disease by interfering with chemotactic signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Matilla
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Holzapfel M, Girault G, Keriel A, Ponsart C, O'Callaghan D, Mick V. Comparative Genomics and in vitro Infection of Field Clonal Isolates of Brucella melitensis Biovar 3 Did Not Identify Signature of Host Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2505. [PMID: 30405566 PMCID: PMC6204395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are responsible for brucellosis, a widespread zoonosis causing reproductive disorders in animals. Species-classification within this monophyletic genus is based on bacteriological and biochemical phenotyping. Traditionally, Brucella species are reported to have a preferential, but not exclusive mammalian host. However, this concept can be challenged since many Brucella species infect a wide range of animal species. Adaptation to a specific host can be a driver of pathogen variation. It is generally thought that Brucella species have highly stable and conserved genomes, however the degree of genomic variation during natural infection has not been documented. Here, we investigated potential genetic diversity and virulence of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 field isolates obtained from a single outbreak but from different host species (human, bovine, small ruminants). A unique MLVA-16 pattern suggested all isolates were clonal. Comparative genomic analyses showed an almost non-existent genetic diversity among isolates (only one SNP; no architectural rearrangements) and did not highlight any signature specific to host adaptation. Similarly, the strains showed identical capacities to enter and replicate in an in vitro model of macrophage infection. In our study, the absence of genomic variability and similar virulence underline that B. melitensis biovar 3 is a broad-host-range pathogen without the need to adapt to different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Holzapfel
- EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillaume Girault
- EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Keriel
- VBMI, INSERM, U1047, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France.,CNR Laboratoire Expert Brucella, Service de Microbiologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - David O'Callaghan
- VBMI, INSERM, U1047, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France.,CNR Laboratoire Expert Brucella, Service de Microbiologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Virginie Mick
- EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Anses/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
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38
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Cao XA, Hu W, Shang YJ, Liu YS, Han SY, Wang YN, Zhao L, Li XR, Zhou JH. Analyses of nucleotide, synonymous codon and amino acid usages at gene levels of Brucella melitensis strain QY1. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:257-264. [PMID: 30092351 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucella melitensis is the causative pathogen of the zoonotic disease brucellosis in China. This work focused on analyses of genetic features represented by nucleotide, synonymous codon and amino acid usages at gene levels of B. melitensis strain QY1 isolated from China. Although nucleotide usage biases at different codon positions all work on synonymous codon usage bias, nucleotide usage biases at the 1st and 3rd positions play more important roles in codon usages. Mutation pressure caused by nucleotide composition constraint influences the formation of over-representative synonymous codons, but neighboring nucleotides surrounding a codon strongly influence synonymous codon usage bias for B. melitensis strain QY1. There is significant correlation between amino acid usage bias and hydropathicity of proteins for B. melitensis strain QY1. Compared with different Brucella species about synonymous codon usage patterns, synonymous codon usages are not obviously influenced by hosts. Due to nucleotide usage bias at the 1st codon position influencing synonymous codon and amino acid usages, good interactions among nucleotide, synonymous codon and amino acid usages exist in the evolutionary process of B. melitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-An Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Wen Hu
- Gansu Police Vocational College, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - You-Jun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yong-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yi Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xue-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China.
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El-Sayed A, Awad W. Brucellosis: Evolution and expected comeback. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:S31-S35. [PMID: 30761318 PMCID: PMC6161863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a serious infectious disease which causes great direct and indirect economic loses for animal holders worldwide such as the reduction of milk and meat production through abortions/culling of positive reactors, the expense of disease control/eradication and farmers compensation. Although the disease was eradicated from most of the industrial countries, it remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases in developing countries being responsible for more than 500,000 new cases yearly. Brucella is considered to be a bioterrorism organism due to its low infectious doses (10-100 bacteria), capability of persistence in the environment, rapid transmission via different routes including aerosols, and finally due to its difficult treatment by antibiotics.There are many reasons to believe that a new comeback of brucellosis may occur in near future. This expectation is supported by the recent discovery of new atypical Brucella species with new genetic properties and the recent reports of (man to man) disease transmission as will be discussed later. The development of new concepts and measurements for disease control is urgently required. In the present review, the evolution of Brucella and the different factors favoring its comeback are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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40
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Utilization of Host Polyamines in Alternatively Activated Macrophages Promotes Chronic Infection by Brucella abortus. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00458-17. [PMID: 29203548 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00458-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of intracellular bacterial pathogens with antibiotic therapy often requires a long course of multiple drugs. A barrier to developing strategies that enhance antibiotic efficacy against these pathogens is our poor understanding of the intracellular nutritional environment that maintains bacterial persistence. The intracellular pathogen Brucella abortus survives and replicates preferentially in alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs); however, knowledge of the metabolic adaptations promoting exploitation of this niche is limited. Here we show that one mechanism promoting enhanced survival in AAMs is a shift in macrophage arginine utilization from production of nitric oxide (NO) to biosynthesis of polyamines, induced by interleukin 4 (IL-4)/IL-13 treatment. Production of polyamines by infected AAMs promoted both intracellular survival of B. abortus and chronic infection in mice, as inhibition of macrophage polyamine synthesis or inactivation of the putative putrescine transporter encoded by potIHGF reduced both intracellular survival in AAMs and persistence in mice. These results demonstrate that increased intracellular availability of polyamines induced by arginase-1 expression in IL-4/IL-13-induced AAMs promotes chronic persistence of B. abortus within this niche and suggest that targeting of this pathway may aid in eradicating chronic infection.
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41
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Casabuono AC, Czibener C, Del Giudice MG, Valguarnera E, Ugalde JE, Couto AS. New Features in the Lipid A Structure of Brucella suis and Brucella abortus Lipopolysaccharide. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2716-2723. [PMID: 28924631 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brucellaceae are Gram-negative bacteria that cause brucellosis, one of the most distributed worldwide zoonosis, transmitted to humans by contact with either infected animals or their products. The lipopolysaccharide exposed on the cell surface has been intensively studied and is considered a major virulence factor of Brucella. In the last years, structural studies allowed the determination of new structures in the core oligosaccharide and the O-antigen of this lipopolysaccharide. In this work, we have reinvestigated the lipid A structure isolated from B. suis and B. abortus lipopolysaccharides. A detailed study by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the positive and negative ion modes of the lipid A moieties purified from both species was performed. Interestingly, a new feature was detected: the presence of a pyrophosphorylethanolamine residue substituting the backbone. LID-MS/MS analysis of some of the detected ions allowed assurance that the Lipid A structure composed by the diGlcN3N disaccharide, mainly hexa-acylated and penta-acylated, bearing one phosphate and one pyrophosphorylethanolamine residue. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Casabuono
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428GA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Czibener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-INTECH, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela G Del Giudice
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-INTECH, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Valguarnera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-INTECH, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-INTECH, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia S Couto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428GA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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42
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Machelart A, Khadrawi A, Demars A, Willemart K, De Trez C, Letesson JJ, Muraille E. Chronic Brucella Infection Induces Selective and Persistent Interferon Gamma-Dependent Alterations of Marginal Zone Macrophages in the Spleen. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00115-17. [PMID: 28808159 PMCID: PMC5649024 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00115-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen is known as an important filter for blood-borne pathogens that are trapped by specialized macrophages in the marginal zone (MZ): the CD209+ MZ macrophages (MZMs) and the CD169+ marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMMs). Acute systemic infection strongly impacts MZ populations and the location of T and B lymphocytes. This phenomenon has been linked to reduced chemokine secretion by stromal cells. Brucella spp. are the causative agent of brucellosis, a widespread zoonotic disease. Here, we used Brucella melitensis infection as a model to investigate the impact of chronic stealth infection on splenic MZ macrophage populations. During the late phase of Brucella infection, we observed a loss of both MZMs and MMMs, with a durable disappearance of MZMs, leading to a reduction of the ability of the spleen to take up soluble antigens, beads, and unrelated bacteria. This effect appears to be selective as every other lymphoid and myeloid population analyzed increased during infection, which was also observed following Brucella abortus and Brucella suis infection. Comparison of wild-type and deficient mice suggested that MZ macrophage population loss is dependent on interferon gamma (IFN-γ) receptor but independent of T cells or tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (TNF-αR1) signaling pathways and is not correlated to an alteration of CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL13 chemokine mRNA expression. Our results suggest that MZ macrophage populations are particularly sensitive to persistent low-level IFN-γ-mediated inflammation and that Brucella infection could reduce the ability of the spleen to perform certain MZM- and MMM-dependent tasks, such as antigen delivery to lymphocytes and control of systemic infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Brucella abortus/drug effects
- Brucella abortus/immunology
- Brucella abortus/pathogenicity
- Brucella melitensis/drug effects
- Brucella melitensis/immunology
- Brucella melitensis/pathogenicity
- Brucella suis/drug effects
- Brucella suis/immunology
- Brucella suis/pathogenicity
- Brucellosis/drug therapy
- Brucellosis/genetics
- Brucellosis/immunology
- Brucellosis/microbiology
- Chemokine CCL19/genetics
- Chemokine CCL19/immunology
- Chemokine CCL21/genetics
- Chemokine CCL21/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL13/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL13/immunology
- Chronic Disease
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/microbiology
- Streptomycin/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Machelart
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Abir Khadrawi
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurore Demars
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Kevin Willemart
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carl De Trez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Department of Structural Biology Research Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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43
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Olsen SC, Boggiatto P, Vrentas C. Inactivation of VirulentBrucellaSpecies in Culture and Animal Samples. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1535676017734202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Olsen
- National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - C. Vrentas
- National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
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44
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Castillo DS, Rey Serantes DA, Melli LJ, Ciocchini AE, Ugalde JE, Comerci DJ, Cassola A. A recombinant O-polysaccharide-protein conjugate approach to develop highly specific monoclonal antibodies to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 and O145 serogroups. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182452. [PMID: 28981517 PMCID: PMC5628784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is the major etiologic agent of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The high rate of HUS emphasizes the urgency for the implementation of primary prevention strategies to reduce its public health impact. Argentina shows the highest rate of HUS worldwide, being E. coli O157 the predominant STEC-associated HUS serogroup (>70%), followed by E. coli O145 (>9%). To specifically detect these serogroups we aimed at developing highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the O-polysaccharide (O-PS) section of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the dominant STEC-associated HUS serogroups in Argentina. The development of hybridomas secreting mAbs against O157 or O145 was carried out through a combined immunization strategy, involving adjuvated-bacterial immunizations followed by immunizations with recombinant O-PS-protein conjugates. We selected hybridoma clones that specifically recognized the engineered O-PS-protein conjugates of O157 or O145 serogroups. Indirect ELISA of heat-killed bacteria showed specific binding to O157 or O145 serogroups, respectively, while no cross-reactivity with other epidemiological important STEC strains, Brucella abortus, Salmonella group N or Yersinia enterocolitica O9 was observed. Western blot analysis showed specific recognition of the sought O-PS section of the LPS by all mAbs. Finally, the ability of the developed mAbs to bind the surface of whole bacteria cells was confirmed by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and agglutination assays, indicating that these mAbs present an exceptional degree of specificity and relative affinity in the detection and identification of E. coli O157 and O145 serogroups. These mAbs may be of significant value for clinical diagnosis and food quality control applications. Thus, engineered O-PS specific moieties contained in the recombinant glycoconjugates used for combined immunization and hybridoma selection are an invaluable resource for the development of highly specific mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Rey Serantes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano J. Melli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés E. Ciocchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E. Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J. Comerci
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Cassola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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45
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Ferreira AC, Tenreiro R, de Sá MIC, Dias R. Evolution and genome specialization of Brucella suis biovar 2 Iberian lineages. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:726. [PMID: 28899413 PMCID: PMC5596481 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Swine brucellosis caused by B. suis biovar 2 is an emergent disease in domestic pigs in Europe. The emergence of this pathogen has been linked to the increase of extensive pig farms and the high density of infected wild boars (Sus scrofa). In Portugal and Spain, the majority of strains share specific molecular characteristics, which allowed establishing an Iberian clonal lineage. However, several strains isolated from wild boars in the North-East region of Spain are similar to strains isolated in different Central European countries. Results Comparative analysis of five newly fully sequenced B. suis biovar 2 strains belonging to the main circulating clones in Iberian Peninsula, with publicly available Brucella spp. genomes, revealed that strains from Iberian clonal lineage share 74% similarity with those reference genomes. Besides the 210 kb translocation event present in all biovar 2 strains, an inversion with 944 kb was presented in chromosome I of strains from the Iberian clone. At left and right crossover points, the inversion disrupted a TRAP dicarboxylate transporter, DctM subunit, and an integral membrane protein TerC. The gene dctM is well conserved in Brucella spp. except in strains from the Iberian clonal lineage. Intraspecies comparative analysis also exposed a number of biovar-, haplotype- and strain-specific insertion-deletion (INDELs) events and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that could explain differences in virulence and host specificities. Most discriminative mutations were associated to membrane related molecules (29%) and enzymes involved in catabolism processes (20%). Molecular identification of both B. suis biovar 2 clonal lineages could be easily achieved using the target-PCR procedures established in this work for the evaluated INDELs. Conclusion Whole-genome analyses supports that the B. suis biovar 2 Iberian clonal lineage evolved from the Central-European lineage and suggests that the genomic specialization of this pathogen in the Iberian Peninsula is independent of a specific genomic event(s), but instead driven by allopatric speciation, resulting in the establishment of a new ecovar. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4113-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, IP), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal. .,Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Edificio TecLabs, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rogério Tenreiro
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Edificio TecLabs, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Inácia Corrêa de Sá
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, IP), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dias
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Edificio TecLabs, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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46
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Lalsiamthara J, Lee JH. Development and trial of vaccines against Brucella. J Vet Sci 2017; 18:281-290. [PMID: 28859268 PMCID: PMC5583415 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.s1.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for ideal brucellosis vaccines remains active today. Currently, no licensed human or canine anti-brucellosis vaccines are available. In bovines, the most successful vaccine (S19) is only used in calves, as adult vaccination results in orchitis in male, prolonged infection, and possible abortion complications in pregnant female cattle. Another widely deployed vaccine (RB51) has a low protective efficacy. An ideal vaccine should exhibit a safe profile as well as enhance protective efficacy. However, currently available vaccines exhibit one or more major drawbacks. Smooth live attenuated vaccines suffer shortcomings such as residual virulence and serodiagnostic interference. Inactivated vaccines, in general, confer relatively low levels of protection. Recent developments to improve brucellosis vaccines include generation of knockout mutants by targeting genes involved in metabolism, virulence, and the lipopolysaccharide synthesis pathway, as well as generation of DNA vaccines, mucosal vaccines, and live vectored vaccines, have all produced varying degrees of success. Herein, we briefly review the bacteriology, pathogenesis, immunological implications, candidate vaccines, vaccinations, and models related to Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
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47
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Suárez-Esquivel M, Baker KS, Ruiz-Villalobos N, Hernández-Mora G, Barquero-Calvo E, González-Barrientos R, Castillo-Zeledón A, Jiménez-Rojas C, Chacón-Díaz C, Cloeckaert A, Chaves-Olarte E, Thomson NR, Moreno E, Guzmán-Verri C. Brucella Genetic Variability in Wildlife Marine Mammals Populations Relates to Host Preference and Ocean Distribution. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:1901-1912. [PMID: 28854602 PMCID: PMC5554395 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens probably arose when their ancestor adapted from a free-living environment to an intracellular one, leading to clonal bacteria with smaller genomes and less sources of genetic plasticity. Still, this plasticity is needed to respond to the challenges posed by the host. Members of the Brucella genus are facultative-extracellular intracellular bacteria responsible for causing brucellosis in a variety of mammals. The various species keep different host preferences, virulence, and zoonotic potential despite having 97-99% similarity at genome level. Here, we describe elements of genetic variation in Brucella ceti isolated from wildlife dolphins inhabiting the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Comparison with isolates obtained from marine mammals from the Atlantic Ocean and the broader Brucella genus showed distinctive traits according to oceanic distribution and preferred host. Marine mammal isolates display genetic variability, represented by an important number of IS711 elements as well as specific IS711 and SNPs genomic distribution clustering patterns. Extensive pseudogenization was found among isolates from marine mammals as compared with terrestrial ones, causing degradation in pathways related to energy, transport of metabolites, and regulation/transcription. Brucella ceti isolates infecting particularly dolphin hosts, showed further degradation of metabolite transport pathways as well as pathways related to cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis and motility. Thus, gene loss through pseudogenization is a source of genetic variation in Brucella, which in turn, relates to adaptation to different hosts. This is relevant to understand the natural history of bacterial diseases, their zoonotic potential, and the impact of human interventions such as domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Suárez-Esquivel
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Kate S. Baker
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nazareth Ruiz-Villalobos
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Mora
- Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Elías Barquero-Calvo
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Amanda Castillo-Zeledón
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - César Jiménez-Rojas
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Chacón-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Esteban Chaves-Olarte
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Caterina Guzmán-Verri
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Barbier T, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Moussa S, Plovier H, Sternon JF, Lázaro-Antón L, Conde-Álvarez R, De Bolle X, Iriarte M, Moriyón I, Letesson JJ. Brucella central carbon metabolism: an update. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:182-211. [PMID: 28604247 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1332002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The brucellae are facultative intracellular pathogens causing brucellosis, an important zoonosis. Here, we review the nutritional, genetic, proteomic and transcriptomic studies on Brucella carbon uptake and central metabolism, information that is needed for a better understanding of Brucella virulence. There is no uniform picture across species but the studies suggest primary and/or secondary transporters for unknown carbohydrates, lactate, glycerol phosphate, erythritol, xylose, ribose, glucose and glucose/galactose, and routes for their incorporation to central metabolism, including an erythritol pathway feeding the pentose phosphate cycle. Significantly, all brucellae lack phosphoenolpyruvate synthase and phosphofructokinase genes, which confirms previous evidence on glycolysis absence, but carry all Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway and Krebs cycle (and glyoxylate pathway) genes. However, glucose catabolism proceeds through the pentose phosphate cycle in the classical species, and the ED pathway operates in some rodent-associated brucellae, suggesting an ancestral character for this pathway in this group. Gluconeogenesis is functional but does not rely exclusively on classical fructose bisphosphatases. Evidence obtained using infection models is fragmentary but suggests the combined or sequential use of hexoses/pentoses, amino acids and gluconeogenic substrates. We also discuss the role of the phosphotransferase system, stringent reponse, quorum sensing, BvrR/S and sRNAs in metabolism control, an essential aspect of the life style of facultative intracellular parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Barbier
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - A Zúñiga-Ripa
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - S Moussa
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - H Plovier
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - J F Sternon
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - L Lázaro-Antón
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - R Conde-Álvarez
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - X De Bolle
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - M Iriarte
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - I Moriyón
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - J J Letesson
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
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49
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Whatmore AM, Koylass MS, Muchowski J, Edwards-Smallbone J, Gopaul KK, Perrett LL. Extended Multilocus Sequence Analysis to Describe the Global Population Structure of the Genus Brucella: Phylogeography and Relationship to Biovars. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2049. [PMID: 28066370 PMCID: PMC5174110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An extended multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme applicable to the Brucella, an expanding genus that includes zoonotic pathogens that severely impact animal and human health across large parts of the globe, was developed. The scheme, which extends a previously described nine locus scheme by examining sequences at 21 independent genetic loci in order to increase discriminatory power, was applied to a globally and temporally diverse collection of over 500 isolates representing all 12 known Brucella species providing an expanded and detailed understanding of the population genetic structure of the group. Over 100 sequence types (STs) were identified and analysis of data provided insights into both the global evolutionary history of the genus, suggesting that early emerging Brucella abortus lineages might be confined to Africa while some later lineages have spread worldwide, and further evidence of the existence of lineages with restricted host or geographical ranges. The relationship between biovar, long used as a crude epidemiological marker, and genotype was also examined and showed decreasing congruence in the order Brucella suis > B. abortus > Brucella melitensis. Both the previously described nine locus scheme and the extended 21 locus scheme have been made available at http://pubmlst.org/brucella/ to allow the community to interrogate existing data and compare with newly generated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Whatmore
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research in Brucellosis and OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health AgencyAddlestone, UK
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50
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Sieira R, Bialer MG, Roset MS, Ruiz-Ranwez V, Langer T, Arocena GM, Mancini E, Zorreguieta A. Combinatorial control of adhesion of Brucella abortus 2308 to host cells by transcriptional rewiring of the trimeric autotransporter btaE gene. Mol Microbiol 2016; 103:553-565. [PMID: 27862467 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory network plasticity is a key attribute underlying changes in bacterial gene expression and a source of phenotypic diversity to interact with the surrounding environment. Here, we sought to study the transcriptional circuit of HutC, a regulator of both metabolic and virulence genes of the facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella. Using in silico and biochemical approaches, we identified a novel functional HutC-binding site upstream of btaE, a trimeric-autotransporter adhesin involved in the attachment of Brucella to host extracellular matrix components. Moreover, we identified two additional regulators, one of which, MdrA, acts in concert with HutC to exert a combinatorial control of both btaE promoter activity and attachment of Brucella to HeLa cells. Analysis of btaE promoter sequences of different species indicated that this HutC-binding site was generated de novo by a single point mutation in a virulent Brucella strain, indicative of a transcriptional rewiring event. In addition to major domain organization differences existing between BtaE proteins within the genus Brucella, our analyses revealed that sequences upstream of btaE display high variability probably associated to intrinsic promoter structural features, which may serve as a substrate for reciprocal selection during co-evolution between this pathogen and its mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Sieira
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Magalí G Bialer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Mara S Roset
- IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, San Martín, 1650, Argentina
| | - Verónica Ruiz-Ranwez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Tomás Langer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Gastón M Arocena
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Mancini
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Angeles Zorreguieta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
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