1
|
Elsen S, Simon V, Attrée I. Cross-regulation and cross-talk of conserved and accessory two-component regulatory systems orchestrate Pseudomonas copper resistance. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011325. [PMID: 38861577 PMCID: PMC11195947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use diverse strategies and molecular machinery to maintain copper homeostasis and to cope with its toxic effects. Some genetic elements providing copper resistance are acquired by horizontal gene transfer; however, little is known about how they are controlled and integrated into the central regulatory network. Here, we studied two copper-responsive systems in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas paraeruginosa and deciphered the regulatory and cross-regulation mechanisms. To do so, we combined mutagenesis, transcriptional fusion analyses and copper sensitivity phenotypes. Our results showed that the accessory CusRS two-component system (TCS) responds to copper and activates both its own expression and that of the adjacent nine-gene operon (the pcoA2 operon) to provide resistance to elevated levels of extracellular copper. The same locus was also found to be regulated by two core-genome-encoded TCSs-the copper-responsive CopRS and the zinc-responsive CzcRS. Although the target palindromic sequence-ATTCATnnATGTAAT-is the same for the three response regulators, transcriptional outcomes differ. Thus, depending on the operon/regulator pair, binding can result in different activation levels (from none to high), with the systems demonstrating considerable plasticity. Unexpectedly, although the classical CusRS and the noncanonical CopRS TCSs rely on distinct signaling mechanisms (kinase-based vs. phosphatase-based), we discovered cross-talk in the absence of the cognate sensory kinases. This cross-talk occurred between the proteins of these two otherwise independent systems. The cusRS-pcoA2 locus is part of an Integrative and Conjugative Element and was found in other Pseudomonas strains where its expression could provide copper resistance under appropriate conditions. The results presented here illustrate how acquired genetic elements can become part of endogenous regulatory networks, providing a physiological advantage. They also highlight the potential for broader effects of accessory regulatory proteins through interference with core regulatory proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Elsen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, UMR5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| | - Victor Simon
- University Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, UMR5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- University Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, UMR5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vadakkan K, Ngangbam AK, Sathishkumar K, Rumjit NP, Cheruvathur MK. A review of chemical signaling pathways in the quorum sensing circuit of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127861. [PMID: 37939761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an increasingly common competitive and biofilm organism in healthcare infection with sophisticated, interlinked and hierarchic quorum systems (Las, Rhl, PQS, and IQS), creates the greatest threats to the medical industry and has rendered prevailing chemotherapy medications ineffective. The rise of multidrug resistance has evolved into a concerning and potentially fatal occurrence for human life. P. aeruginosa biofilm development is assisted by exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, proteins, macromolecules, cellular signaling and interaction. Quorum sensing is a communication process between cells that involves autonomous inducers and regulators. Quorum-induced infectious agent biofilms and the synthesis of virulence factors have increased disease transmission, medication resistance, infection episodes, hospitalizations and mortality. Hence, quorum sensing may be a potential therapeutical target for bacterial illness, and developing quorum inhibitors as an anti-virulent tool could be a promising treatment strategy for existing antibiotics. Quorum quenching is a prevalent technique for treating infections caused by microbes because it diminishes microbial pathogenesis and increases microbe biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics, making it a potential candidate for drug development. This paper examines P. aeruginosa quorum sensing, the hierarchy of quorum sensing mechanism, quorum sensing inhibition and quorum sensing inhibitory agents as a drug development strategy to supplement traditional antibiotic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India; Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur 795140, India.
| | | | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trouillon J, Attrée I, Elsen S. The regulation of bacterial two-partner secretion systems. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:159-177. [PMID: 37340956 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Two-partner secretion (TPS) systems, also known as Type Vb secretion systems, allow the translocation of effector proteins across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. By secreting different classes of effectors, including cytolysins and adhesins, TPS systems play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and host interactions. Here, we review the current knowledge on TPS systems regulation and highlight specific and common regulatory mechanisms across TPS functional classes. We discuss in detail the specific regulatory networks identified in various bacterial species and emphasize the importance of understanding the context-dependent regulation of TPS systems. Several regulatory cues reflecting host environment during infection, such as temperature and iron availability, are common determinants of expression for TPS systems, even across relatively distant species. These common regulatory pathways often affect TPS systems across subfamilies with different effector functions, representing conserved global infection-related regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Trouillon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Krol E, Werel L, Essen LO, Becker A. Structural and functional diversity of bacterial cyclic nucleotide perception by CRP proteins. MICROLIFE 2023; 4:uqad024. [PMID: 37223727 PMCID: PMC10187061 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger synthesized by most living organisms. In bacteria, it plays highly diverse roles in metabolism, host colonization, motility, and many other processes important for optimal fitness. The main route of cAMP perception is through transcription factors from the diverse and versatile CRP-FNR protein superfamily. Since the discovery of the very first CRP protein CAP in Escherichia coli more than four decades ago, its homologs have been characterized in both closely related and distant bacterial species. The cAMP-mediated gene activation for carbon catabolism by a CRP protein in the absence of glucose seems to be restricted to E. coli and its close relatives. In other phyla, the regulatory targets are more diverse. In addition to cAMP, cGMP has recently been identified as a ligand of certain CRP proteins. In a CRP dimer, each of the two cyclic nucleotide molecules makes contacts with both protein subunits and effectuates a conformational change that favors DNA binding. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on structural and physiological aspects of E. coli CAP compared with other cAMP- and cGMP-activated transcription factors, and point to emerging trends in metabolic regulation related to lysine modification and membrane association of CRP proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Krol
- Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Werel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Oliver Essen
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anke Becker
- Corresponding author. Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35043 Marburg. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bôto ML, Dias SM, Crespo RD, Mucha AP, Almeida CMR. Removing chemical and biological pollutants from swine wastewater through constructed wetlands aiming reclaimed water reuse. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116642. [PMID: 36356539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reusing reclaimed wastewater is needed to fight water scarcity, reduce freshwater consumption and conserve water resources, but one must ensure that hazardous substances are fully removed/eliminate before that reuse. The potential of lab-scale constructed wetlands (CWs) for the removal of chemical and biological contaminants from livestock wastewater, while maintaining nutrient levels for fertilization, was assessed, evaluating changes in microbial communities, with particular focus on potential pathogens. CW microcosms with two different substrates (lava rock or light expanded clay aggregate), both planted with Phragmites australis, were tested. After 15 days of treatment, removal rates were higher than 80% for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, in general with no significant differences between the two different substrates. Organic matter and nutrients were also removed but their levels still allowed the used of the treated wastewater as a fertilizer Removal of bacterial contamination was estimated through enumeration of cultivable bacteria. High removal rates of fecal indicator bacteria were observed, reaching >95% for enterococci and >98% for enterobacteria after 15 days of treatment, decreasing hazardous biological contaminants initially present in the wastewater. In addition, the microbial communities in the initial and treated wastewater, and in the plant roots bed substrate, were characterized by using 16SrRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbial communities in the CW systems showed a clear shift comparatively with the initial wastewater showing system adaptation and removal potentialities. This also revealed an important removal of the most represented potential pathogenic genus, Clostridium, which relative abundance decreased from 33% to 1% through the treatment. Overall, CWs showed potential to be efficient in removing chemical and biological contaminants, while maintaining moderated levels of nutrients, allowing the reuse of reclaimed water in agriculture, namely as fertilizer. Current results will contribute for the optimization and use of CWs for a sustainable treatment of liquid wastes, promoting the circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Bôto
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia M Dias
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rute Duarte Crespo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana P Mucha
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molecular Mechanisms and Applications of N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Mediated Quorum Sensing in Bacteria. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217584. [PMID: 36364411 PMCID: PMC9654057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biodiversity includes biotic and abiotic components that support all life forms by adapting to environmental conditions. Climate change, pollution, human activity, and natural calamities affect microbial biodiversity. Microbes have diverse growth conditions, physiology, and metabolism. Bacteria use signaling systems such as quorum sensing (QS) to regulate cellular interactions via small chemical signaling molecules which also help with adaptation under undesirable survival conditions. Proteobacteria use acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules as autoinducers to sense population density and modulate gene expression. The LuxI-type enzymes synthesize AHL molecules, while the LuxR-type proteins (AHL transcriptional regulators) bind to AHLs to regulate QS-dependent gene expression. Diverse AHLs have been identified, and the diversity extends to AHL synthases and AHL receptors. This review comprehensively explains the molecular diversity of AHL signaling components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chromobacterium violaceum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Escherichia coli. The regulatory mechanism of AHL signaling is also highlighted in this review, which adds to the current understanding of AHL signaling in Gram-negative bacteria. We summarize molecular diversity among well-studied QS systems and recent advances in the role of QS proteins in bacterial cellular signaling pathways. This review describes AHL-dependent QS details in bacteria that can be employed to understand their features, improve environmental adaptation, and develop broad biomolecule-based biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dela Ahator S, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang LH. The virulence factor regulator and quorum sensing regulate the type I-F CRISPR-Cas mediated horizontal gene transfer in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:987656. [PMID: 36246261 PMCID: PMC9563714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.987656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of thriving in diverse environments due to its network of regulatory components for effective response to stress factors. The survival of the bacteria is also dependent on the ability to discriminate between the acquisition of beneficial and non-beneficial genetic materials via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Thus, bacteria have evolved the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system for defense against the deleterious effect of phage infection and HGT. By using the transposon mutagenesis approach, we identified the virulence factor regulator (Vfr) as a key regulator of the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system in P. aeruginosa. We showed that Vfr influences the expression of the CRISPR-Cas system through two signaling pathways in response to changes in calcium levels. Under calcium-rich conditions, Vfr indirectly regulates the CRISPR-Cas system via modulation of the AHL-QS gene expression, which could be vital for defense against phage infection at high cell density. When encountering calcium deficiency, however, Vfr can directly regulate the CRISPR-Cas system via a cAMP-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we provide evidence that mutation of vfr reduces the CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition and interference of HGT. The results from this study add to the regulatory network of factors controlling the CRISPR-Cas system in response to abiotic factors in the environment. The findings may facilitate the design of effective and reliable phage therapies against P. aeruginosa infections, as targeting Vfr could prevent the development of the CRISPR-Cas mediated phage resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Dela Ahator
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Group for Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jianhe Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lian-Hui Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Job V, Gomez-Valero L, Renier A, Rusniok C, Bouillot S, Chenal-Francisque V, Gueguen E, Adrait A, Robert-Genthon M, Jeannot K, Panchev P, Elsen S, Fauvarque MO, Couté Y, Buchrieser C, Attrée I. Genomic erosion and horizontal gene transfer shape functional differences of the ExlA toxin in Pseudomonas spp. iScience 2022; 25:104596. [PMID: 35789842 PMCID: PMC9250014 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-partner secretion (TPS) is widespread in the bacterial world. The pore-forming TPS toxin ExlA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is conserved in pathogenic and environmental Pseudomonas. While P. chlororaphis and P. entomophila displayed ExlA-dependent killing, P. putida did not cause damage to eukaryotic cells. ExlA proteins interacted with epithelial cell membranes; however, only ExlAPch induced the cleavage of the adhesive molecule E-cadherin. ExlA proteins participated in insecticidal activity toward the larvae of Galleria mellonella and the fly Drosophila melanogaster. Evolutionary analyses demonstrated that the differences in the C-terminal domains are partly due to horizontal movements of the operon within the genus Pseudomonas. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history revealed the complex horizontal acquisitions. Together, our results provide evidence that conserved TPS toxins in environmental Pseudomonas play a role in bacteria-insect interactions and discrete differences in CTDs may determine their specificity and mode of action toward eukaryotic cells. ExlA is a two-partner secreted toxin conserved across Pseudomonas spp. Environmental Pseudomonas strains encode ExlA with different cytotoxic activities ExlA of environmental Pseudomonas strains play a role in bacteria-insect interactions ExlBA operon shows a complex evolutionary history of horizontal gene transfer
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Job
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Gomez-Valero
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Unité Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Adèle Renier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Rusniok
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Unité Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bouillot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Viviane Chenal-Francisque
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Unité Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Erwan Gueguen
- University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, Lyon, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Mylène Robert-Genthon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Katy Jeannot
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Jean Minjoz, UMR6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Peter Panchev
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 6047, Unité Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Ina Attrée
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Structural Biology, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Team, UMR5075 CNRS, IRIG, CEA, Grenoble, France
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huber P. ExlA: A New Contributor to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:929150. [PMID: 35811671 PMCID: PMC9260685 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.929150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ExlA (also called exolysin) is a recently discovered virulence factor secreted by a subset of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in which a type 3 secretion system is lacking. exlA-positive strains were identified worldwide in the clinic, causing several types of infectious diseases, and were detected in various locations in the environment. ExlA possesses pore-forming activity and is cytolytic for most human cell types. It belongs to a class of poorly characterized bacterial toxins, sharing a similar protein domain organization and a common secretion pathway. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding ExlA synthesis, its secretion pathway, and its toxic behavior for host cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
The core and accessory Hfq interactomes across Pseudomonas aeruginosa lineages. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1258. [PMID: 35273147 PMCID: PMC8913705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The major RNA-binding protein Hfq interacts with mRNAs, either alone or together with regulatory small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs), affecting mRNA translation and degradation in bacteria. However, studies tend to focus on single reference strains and assume that the findings may apply to the entire species, despite the important intra-species genetic diversity known to exist. Here, we use RIP-seq to identify Hfq-interacting RNAs in three strains representing the major phylogenetic lineages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find that most interactions are in fact not conserved among the different strains. We identify growth phase-specific and strain-specific Hfq targets, including previously undescribed sRNAs. Strain-specific interactions are due to different accessory gene sets, RNA abundances, or potential context- or sequence- dependent regulatory mechanisms. The accessory Hfq interactome includes most mRNAs encoding Type III Secretion System (T3SS) components and secreted toxins in two strains, as well as a cluster of CRISPR guide RNAs in one strain. Conserved Hfq targets include the global virulence regulator Vfr and metabolic pathways involved in the transition from fast to slow growth. Furthermore, we use rGRIL-seq to show that RhlS, a quorum sensing sRNA, activates Vfr translation, thus revealing a link between quorum sensing and virulence regulation. Overall, our work highlights the important intra-species diversity in post-transcriptional regulatory networks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Collapse
|
11
|
Trouillon J, Imbert L, Villard AM, Vernet T, Attrée I, Elsen S. Determination of the two-component systems regulatory network reveals core and accessory regulations across Pseudomonas aeruginosa lineages. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11476-11490. [PMID: 34718721 PMCID: PMC8599809 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses one of the most complex bacterial regulatory networks, which largely contributes to its success as a pathogen. However, most of its transcription factors (TFs) are still uncharacterized and the potential intra-species variability in regulatory networks has been mostly ignored so far. Here, we used DAP-seq to map the genome-wide binding sites of all 55 DNA-binding two-component systems (TCSs) response regulators (RRs) across the three major P. aeruginosa lineages. The resulting networks encompass about 40% of all genes in each strain and contain numerous new regulatory interactions across most major physiological processes. Strikingly, about half of the detected targets are specific to only one or two strains, revealing a previously unknown large functional diversity of TFs within a single species. Three main mechanisms were found to drive this diversity, including differences in accessory genome content, as exemplified by the strain-specific plasmid in IHMA87 outlier strain which harbors numerous binding sites of conserved chromosomally-encoded RRs. Additionally, most RRs display potential auto-regulation or RR-RR cross-regulation, bringing to light the vast complexity of this network. Overall, we provide the first complete delineation of the TCSs regulatory network in P. aeruginosa that will represent an important resource for future studies on this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Trouillon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Imbert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, 38044 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, EMBL, ISBG UAR 3518, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Marie Villard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Vernet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS UMR 5075, Team Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, 38044 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodríguez-Valverde D, León-Montes N, Soria-Bustos J, Martínez-Cruz J, González-Ugalde R, Rivera-Gutiérrez S, González-y-Merchand JA, Rosales-Reyes R, García-Morales L, Hirakawa H, Fox JG, Girón JA, De la Cruz MA, Ares MA. cAMP Receptor Protein Positively Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Klebsiella oxytoca Tilivalline Cytotoxin. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:743594. [PMID: 34659176 PMCID: PMC8515920 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca is a resident of the human gut. However, certain K. oxytoca toxigenic strains exist that secrete the nonribosomal peptide tilivalline (TV) cytotoxin. TV is a pyrrolobenzodiazepine that causes antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). The biosynthesis of TV is driven by enzymes encoded by the aroX and NRPS operons. In this study, we determined the effect of environmental signals such as carbon sources, osmolarity, and divalent cations on the transcription of both TV biosynthetic operons. Gene expression was enhanced when bacteria were cultivated in tryptone lactose broth. Glucose, high osmolarity, and depletion of calcium and magnesium diminished gene expression, whereas glycerol increased transcription of both TV biosynthetic operons. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is a major transcriptional regulator in bacteria that plays a key role in metabolic regulation. To investigate the role of CRP on the cytotoxicity of K. oxytoca, we compared levels of expression of TV biosynthetic operons and synthesis of TV in wild-type strain MIT 09-7231 and a Δcrp isogenic mutant. In summary, we found that CRP directly activates the transcription of the aroX and NRPS operons and that the absence of CRP reduced cytotoxicity of K. oxytoca on HeLa cells, due to a significant reduction in TV production. This study highlights the importance of the CRP protein in the regulation of virulence genes in enteric bacteria and broadens our knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of the TV cytotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez-Valverde
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy León-Montes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Soria-Bustos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Martínez-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ugalde
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rivera-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. González-y-Merchand
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lázaro García-Morales
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hidetada Hirakawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jorge A. Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deruelle V, Berry A, Bouillot S, Job V, Maillard AP, Elsen S, Huber P. ExlA Pore-Forming Toxin: Localization at the Bacterial Membrane, Regulation of Secretion by Cyclic-Di-GMP, and Detection In Vivo. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090645. [PMID: 34564649 PMCID: PMC8472254 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ExlA is a highly virulent pore-forming toxin that has been recently discovered in outlier strains from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ExlA is part of a two-partner secretion system, in which ExlA is the secreted passenger protein and ExlB the transporter embedded in the bacterial outer membrane. In previous work, we observed that ExlA toxicity in a host cell was contact-dependent. Here, we show that ExlA accumulates at specific points of the outer membrane, is likely entrapped within ExlB pore, and is pointing outside. We further demonstrate that ExlA is maintained at the membrane in conditions where the intracellular content of second messenger cyclic-di-GMP is high; lowering c-di-GMP levels enhances ExlB-dependent ExlA secretion. In addition, we set up an ELISA to detect ExlA, and we show that ExlA is poorly secreted in liquid culture, while it is highly detectable in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids of mice infected with an exlA+ strain. We conclude that ExlA translocation is halted at mid-length in the outer membrane and its secretion is regulated by c-di-GMP. In addition, we developed an immunological test able to quantify ExlA in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Deruelle
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France; (V.D.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (V.J.); (A.P.M.); (S.E.)
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, CNRS UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alice Berry
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France; (V.D.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (V.J.); (A.P.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Stéphanie Bouillot
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France; (V.D.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (V.J.); (A.P.M.); (S.E.)
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Viviana Job
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France; (V.D.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (V.J.); (A.P.M.); (S.E.)
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine P. Maillard
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France; (V.D.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (V.J.); (A.P.M.); (S.E.)
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France; (V.D.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (V.J.); (A.P.M.); (S.E.)
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Huber
- Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, 38054 Grenoble, France; (V.D.); (A.B.); (S.B.); (V.J.); (A.P.M.); (S.E.)
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
García-Reyes S, Moustafa DA, Attrée I, Goldberg JB, Quiroz-Morales SE, Soberón-Chávez G. Vfr or CyaB promote the expression of the pore-forming toxin exlBA operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 without increasing its virulence in mice. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34424157 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a wide-spread γ-proteobacterium that produces the biosurfactant rhamnolipid that has a great commercial value due to excellent properties of low toxicity and high biodegradability. However, this bacterium is an opportunist pathogen that constitutes an important health hazard due to its production of virulence-associated traits and its high antibiotic resistance. Thus, it is highly desirable to have a non-virulent P. aeruginosa strain for rhamnolipid production. It has been reported that strain ATCC 9027 is avirulent in mouse models of infection, and it is still able to produce rhamnolipid. Thus, it has been proposed to be suitable for it industrial production, since it encodes a defective LasR quorum sensing (QS) transcriptional regulator that is the head of this regulatory network. However, the restoration of virulence factor production by overexpression of rhlR (the gene encoding a QS-transcriptional regulator which is under the transcriptional control of LasR) is not sufficient to restore its virulence in mice. It is desirable to obtain a deeper understanding of ATCC 9027 attenuated-virulence phenotype and to assess the safety of this strain to be used at an industrial scale. In this work we determined whether increasing the expression of the pore-forming toxin encoded by the exlBA operon in strain ATCC 9027 had an impact on its virulence using Galleria mellonella and mouse models of infections. We increased the expression of the exlBA operon by overexpressing from a plasmid its transcriptional activator Vfr or of the Vfr ligand cyclic AMP produced by CyaB. We found that in G. mellonella ATCC 9027/pUCP24-vfr and ATCC 9027/pUCP24-cyaB gained a virulent phenotype, but these strains remained avirulent in murine models of P. aeruginosa infection. These results reinforce the possibility of using ATCC 9027 for industrial biosurfactants production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selene García-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Apdo. Postal 70228, C. P. 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Dina A Moustafa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Children's Centre for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ina Attrée
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Children's Centre for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara E Quiroz-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Apdo. Postal 70228, C. P. 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Gloria Soberón-Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Apdo. Postal 70228, C. P. 04510, CDMX, México
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Q, Xing C, Kong X, Wang C, Chen X. ChIP-seq Analysis of the Global Regulator Vfr Reveals Novel Insights Into the Biocontrol Agent Pseudomonas protegens FD6. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667637. [PMID: 34054776 PMCID: PMC8160232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Pseudomonas protegens strains produce the antibiotics pyoluteorin (PLT) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), both of which have antimicrobial properties. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is typically controlled by multiple regulatory factors. Virulence factor regulator (Vfr) is a multifunctional DNA-binding regulator that modulates 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis in P. protegens FD6. However, the mechanism by which Vfr regulates this process remains unclear. In the present study, chromatin immunoprecipitation of FLAG-tagged Vfr and nucleotide sequencing analysis were used to identify 847 putative Vfr binding sites in P. protegens FD6. The consensus P. protegens Vfr binding site predicted from nucleotide sequence alignment is TCACA. The qPCR data showed that Vfr positively regulates the expression of phlF and phlG, and the expression of these genes was characterized in detail. The purified recombinant Vfr bound to an approximately 240-bp fragment within the phlF and phlG upstream regions that harbor putative Vfr consensus sequences. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we localized Vfr binding to a 25-bp fragment that contains part of the Vfr binding region. Vfr binding was eliminated by mutating the TACG and CACA sequences in phlF and phlG, respectively. Taken together, our results show that Vfr directly regulates the expression of the 2,4-DAPG operon by binding to the upstream regions of both the phlF and phlG genes. However, unlike other Vfr-targeted genes, Vfr binding to P. protegens FD6 does not require an intact binding consensus motif. Furthermore, we demonstrated that vfr expression is autoregulated in this bacterium. These results provide novel insights into the regulatory role of Vfr in the biocontrol agent P. protegens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Xing
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Kong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xijun Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ogura K, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Taguchi F, Ichinose Y. Vfr targets promoter of genes encoding methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100944. [PMID: 33659714 PMCID: PMC7890371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence factor regulator (Vfr) is an indispensable transcription factor in the expression of virulence in the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonassyringae. However, the function of Vfr is not known so far. The deletion of vfr resulted in the loss of surface swarming motility and reduced the virulence in P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) 6605. In order to identify the target genes of Vfr, we screened the sequences that bind to Vfr by chromatin immune precipitation (ChIP) and sequencing methods using the closely related bacterium P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) B728a. For this purpose we first generated a strain that possesses the recombinant gene vfr::FLAG in Pss B728a, and performed ChIP using an anti-FLAG antibody. Immunoprecipitated DNA was purified and sequenced with Illumina HiSeq. The Vfr::FLAG-specific peaks were further subjected to an electrophoresis mobility-shift assay, and the promoter regions of locus tag for Psyr_0578 , Psyr_1776, and Psyr_2237 were identified as putative target genes of Vfr. These genes encode plant pathogen–specific methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (Mcp). These mcp genes seem to be involved in the Vfr-regulated expression of virulence. Identification of target gene of Vfr in Pseudomonas syringae by ChIP-seq and EMSA. Vfr targets 3 methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcp) genes. Existence of putative Vfr binding sequences in the promoter of 3 mcp genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ogura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fumiko Taguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a Model To Study Chemosensory Pathway Signaling. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:85/1/e00151-20. [PMID: 33441490 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00151-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a variety of signal transduction mechanisms that generate different outputs in response to external stimuli. Chemosensory pathways are widespread in bacteria and are among the most complex signaling mechanisms, requiring the participation of at least six proteins. These pathways mediate flagellar chemotaxis, in addition to controlling alternative functions such as second messenger levels or twitching motility. The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has four different chemosensory pathways that carry out different functions and are stimulated by signal binding to 26 chemoreceptors. Recent research employing a diverse range of experimental approaches has advanced enormously our knowledge on these four pathways, establishing P. aeruginosa as a primary model organism in this field. In the first part of this article, we review data on the function and physiological relevance of chemosensory pathways as well as their involvement in virulence, whereas the different transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that govern pathway function are summarized in the second part. The information presented will be of help to advance the understanding of pathway function in other organisms.
Collapse
|
18
|
Novel Modular Rhodopsins from Green Algae Hold Great Potential for Cellular Optogenetic Modulation Across the Biological Model Systems. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110259. [PMID: 33126644 PMCID: PMC7693036 DOI: 10.3390/life10110259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-gated ion channel and ion pump rhodopsins are widely used as optogenetic tools and these can control the electrically excitable cells as (1) they are a single-component system i.e., their light sensing and ion-conducting functions are encoded by the 7-transmembrane domains and, (2) they show fast kinetics with small dark-thermal recovery time. In cellular signaling, a signal receptor, modulator, and the effector components are involved in attaining synchronous regulation of signaling. Optical modulation of the multicomponent network requires either receptor to effector encoded in a single ORF or direct modulation of the effector domain through bypassing all upstream players. Recently discovered modular rhodopsins like rhodopsin guanylate cyclase (RhoGC) and rhodopsin phosphodiesterase (RhoPDE) paves the way to establish a proof of concept for utilization of complex rhodopsin (modular rhodopsin) for optogenetic applications. Light sensor coupled modular system could be expressed in any cell type and hence holds great potential in the advancement of optogenetics 2.0 which would enable manipulating the entire relevant cell signaling system. Here, we had identified 50 novel modular rhodopsins with variant domains and their diverse cognate signaling cascades encoded in a single ORF, which are associated with specialized functions in the cells. These novel modular algal rhodopsins have been characterized based on their sequence and structural homology with previously reported rhodopsins. The presented novel modular rhodopsins with various effector domains leverage the potential to expand the optogenetic tool kit to regulate various cellular signaling pathways across the diverse biological model systems.
Collapse
|
19
|
Medina-Rojas M, Stribling W, Snesrud E, Garry BI, Li Y, Gann PM, Demons ST, Tyner SD, Zurawski DV, Antonic V. Comparison of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains reveals that Exolysin A toxin plays an additive role in virulence. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5804881. [PMID: 32167551 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses an array of virulence genes ensuring successful infection development. A two-partner secretion system Exolysin BA (ExlBA) is expressed in the PA7-like genetic outliers consisting of ExlA, a pore-forming toxin and ExlB transporter protein. Presence of exlBA in multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains has not been investigated, particularly in the strains isolated from wounded soldiers. METHODS We screened whole genome sequences of 2439 MDR- P. aeruginosa strains for the presence of exlBA. We compiled all exlBA positive strains and compared them with a diversity set for demographics, antimicrobial profiles and phenotypic characteristics: surface motility, biofilm formation, pyocyanin production and hemolysis. We compared the virulence of strains with comparable phenotypic characteristics in Galleria mellonella. RESULTS We identified 33 exlBA-positive strains (1.5%). These strains have increased antibiotic resistance, they are more motile, produce more robust biofilms and have comparable pyocianin production with the diversity set despite the phenotypic differences within the group. In in vivo infection models, these strains were less virulent than Type III Secretion System (T3SS) positive counterparts. CONCLUSIONS exlBA-positive strains are wide spread among the PA7-like outliers. While not as virulent as strains possessing T3SS, these strains exhibit phenotypic features associated with virulence and are still lethal in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Medina-Rojas
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - William Stribling
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - Erik Snesrud
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - Brittany I Garry
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Li
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Preventive Medicine, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - Patrick Mc Gann
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - Samandra T Demons
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - Stuart D Tyner
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - Daniel V Zurawski
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| | - Vlado Antonic
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Disease Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring MD, 20910, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Brindhadevi K, LewisOscar F, Mylonakis E, Shanmugam S, Verma TN, Pugazhendhi A. Biofilm and Quorum sensing mediated pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
21
|
Exolysin (ExlA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Punctures Holes into Target Membranes Using a Molten Globule Domain. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4466-4480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
22
|
Trouillon J, Sentausa E, Ragno M, Robert-Genthon M, Lory S, Attrée I, Elsen S. Species-specific recruitment of transcription factors dictates toxin expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2388-2400. [PMID: 31925438 PMCID: PMC7049718 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight and coordinate regulation of virulence determinants is essential for bacterial biology and involves dynamic shaping of transcriptional regulatory networks during evolution. The horizontally transferred two-partner secretion system ExlB-ExlA is instrumental in the virulence of different Pseudomonas species, ranging from soil- and plant-dwelling biocontrol agents to the major human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we identify a Cro/CI-like repressor, named ErfA, which together with Vfr, a CRP-like activator, controls exlBA expression in P. aeruginosa. The characterization of ErfA regulon across P. aeruginosa subfamilies revealed a second conserved target, the ergAB operon, with functions unrelated to virulence. To gain insights into this functional dichotomy, we defined the pan-regulon of ErfA in several Pseudomonas species and found ergAB as the sole conserved target of ErfA. The analysis of 446 exlBA promoter sequences from all exlBA+ genomes revealed a wide variety of regulatory sequences, as ErfA- and Vfr-binding sites were found to have evolved specifically in P. aeruginosa and nearly each species carries different regulatory sequences for this operon. We propose that the emergence of different regulatory cis-elements in the promoters of horizontally transferred genes is an example of plasticity of regulatory networks evolving to provide an adapted response in each individual niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Trouillon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA-IRIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Erwin Sentausa
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA-IRIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Michel Ragno
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA-IRIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Mylène Robert-Genthon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA-IRIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Stephen Lory
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ina Attrée
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA-IRIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, CEA-IRIG-BCI, INSERM UMR1036, Grenoble 38000, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xinjie W, Xin N, Qilu C, Ligen X, Yuhua Z, Qifa Z. Vetiver and Dictyosphaerium sp. co-culture for the removal of nutrients and ecological inactivation of pathogens in swine wastewater. J Adv Res 2019; 20:71-78. [PMID: 31210986 PMCID: PMC6562367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine wastewater poses chemical and biological risks because it contains high concentrations of ammonia and diverse species of pathogens. Herein, a vetiver-Dictyosphaerium sp. co-culture for the rapid removal of ammonia and the effective inactivation of pathogens was developed. Plants and microalgae benefited mutually and co-utilized the nutrients in the wastewater in the co-culture. The pathogens were inactivated by reactive oxygen species that were released by the microalgae as well as the supersaturated concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the enclosed bioreactor. In a greenhouse experiment, the time required for wastewater NH4-N to decrease from 102 mg L-1 to 5 mg L-1 was 65.5 days, 34.2 days, and 13.3 days in the plant culture, the algal culture, and the plant-algal co-culture, respectively. Among the 35 detected genera of bacteria, the operational taxonomic units for 31 tended to decrease with culture time in the plant-algal co-culture. Additionally, certain bacteria (e.g., Escherichia spp.) were completely removed by day 9 or 15, and the aerobic phototrophic bacterium Erythromicrobium spp. became most abundant on day 15 in the plant-algal co-culture. Important positive interactions that were observed between plants and microalgae included co-utilization of the nutrients, wastewater acidification through plant root respiration and algal growth with reduced ammonia toxicity, algal depletion of bicarbonate and alleviation of bicarbonate toxicity to plants, and release of oxygen from algal photosynthesis and plant growth with reduced hypoxic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xinjie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fushan No. 1 Middle School, Qingdao 265500, China
| | - Ni Xin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng Qilu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu Ligen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Huzhou Southern Taihu Lake Modern Agricultural Technology Center, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhao Yuhua
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhou Qifa
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sentausa E, Basso P, Berry A, Adrait A, Bellement G, Couté Y, Lory S, Elsen S, Attrée I. Insertion sequences drive the emergence of a highly adapted human pathogen. Microb Genom 2019; 6. [PMID: 30946644 PMCID: PMC7643977 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptive opportunistic pathogen that can have serious health consequences in patients with lung disorders. Taxonomic outliers of P. aeruginosa of environmental origin have recently emerged as infectious for humans. Here, we present the first genome-wide analysis of an isolate that caused fatal haemorrhagic pneumonia. In two clones, CLJ1 and CLJ3, sequentially recovered from a patient with chronic pulmonary disease, insertion of a mobile genetic element into the P. aeruginosa chromosome affected major virulence-associated phenotypes and led to increased resistance to the antibiotics used to combat the infection. Comparative genome, proteome and transcriptome analyses revealed that this ISL3-family insertion sequence disrupted the genes for flagellar components, type IV pili, O-specific antigens, translesion polymerase and enzymes producing hydrogen cyanide. Seven-fold more insertions were detected in the later isolate, CLJ3, than in CLJ1, some of which modified strain susceptibility to antibiotics by disrupting the genes for the outer-membrane porin OprD and the regulator of β-lactamase expression AmpD. In the Galleria mellonella larvae model, the two strains displayed different levels of virulence, with CLJ1 being highly pathogenic. This study revealed insertion sequences to be major players in enhancing the pathogenic potential of a P. aeruginosa taxonomic outlier by modulating both its virulence and its resistance to antimicrobials, and explains how this bacterium adapts from the environment to a human host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Sentausa
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, INSERM U1036, CEA, Laboratory Biology of Cancer and Infection, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Present address: Evotec ID (Lyon) SAS, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Pauline Basso
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, INSERM U1036, CEA, Laboratory Biology of Cancer and Infection, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Berry
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, INSERM U1036, CEA, Laboratory Biology of Cancer and Infection, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, BIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gwendoline Bellement
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, INSERM U1036, CEA, Laboratory Biology of Cancer and Infection, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, BIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Present address: Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, BIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stephen Lory
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, INSERM U1036, CEA, Laboratory Biology of Cancer and Infection, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ina Attrée
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS ERL5261, INSERM U1036, CEA, Laboratory Biology of Cancer and Infection, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|