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Han D, Yang Y, Guo Z, Dai S, Jiang M, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Yu Z, Wang K, Rong C, Yu Y. A Review on the Interaction of Acetic Acid Bacteria and Microbes in Food Fermentation: A Microbial Ecology Perspective. Foods 2024; 13:2534. [PMID: 39200461 PMCID: PMC11353490 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In fermented foods, acetic acid bacteria (AAB), kinds of bacteria with a long history of utilization, contribute to safety, nutritional, and sensory properties primarily through acetic acid fermentation. AAB are commonly found in various fermented foods such as vinegar, sour beer, fermented cocoa and coffee beans, kefir beverages, kombucha, and sourdough. They interact and cooperate with a variety of microorganisms, resulting in the formation of diverse metabolites and the production of fermented foods with distinct flavors. Understanding the interactions between AAB and other microbes is crucial for effectively controlling and utilizing AAB in fermentation processes. However, these microbial interactions are influenced by factors such as strain type, nutritional conditions, ecological niches, and fermentation duration. In this review, we examine the relationships and research methodologies of microbial interactions and interaction studies between AAB and yeasts, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and bacilli in different food fermentation processes involving these microorganisms. The objective of this review is to identify key interaction models involving AAB and other microorganisms. The insights gained will provide scientific guidance for the effective utilization of AAB as functional microorganisms in food fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Yunsong Yang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhantong Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Shuwen Dai
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Mingchao Jiang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Chunchi Rong
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Yongjian Yu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China; (D.H.); (Z.G.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Grain Bioprocessing, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212004, China
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Bertucci M, Ariano K, Zumsteg M, Schweiger P. Engineering a tunable bicistronic TetR autoregulation expression system in Gluconobacter oxydans. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13639. [PMID: 35873911 PMCID: PMC9306550 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria are well-known for their ability to incompletely oxidize their carbon sources. Many of the products of these oxidations find industrial uses. Metabolic engineering of acetic acid bacteria would improve production efficiency and yield by allowing controllable gene expression. However, the molecular tools necessary for regulating gene expression have only recently started being explored. To this end the ability of the activation-dependent Plux system and two constitutive repression Ptet systems were examined for their ability to modulate gene expression in Gluconobacter oxydans. The activation-dependent Plux system increased gene expression approximately 5-fold regardless of the strength of the constitutive promoter used to express the luxR transcriptional activator. The Ptet system was tunable and had a nearly 20-fold induction when the tetR gene was expressed from the strong constitutive promoters P0169 and P264, but only had a 4-fold induction when a weak constitutive promoter (P452) was used for tetR expression. However, the Ptet system was somewhat leaky when uninduced. To mitigate this background activity, a bicistronic TetR expression system was constructed. Based on molecular modeling, this system is predicted to have low background activity when not induced with anhydrotetracycline. The bicistronic system was inducible up to >3,000-fold and was highly tunable with almost no background expression when uninduced, making this bicistronic system potentially useful for engineering G. oxydans and possibly other acetic acid bacteria. These expression systems add to the newly growing repertoire of suitable regulatable promoter systems in acetic acid bacteria.
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Almeida OGG, Gimenez MP, De Martinis ECP. Comparative pangenomic analyses and biotechnological potential of cocoa-related Acetobacter senegalensis strains. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 115:111-123. [PMID: 34817761 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetobacter senegalensis belongs to the group of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) that present potential biotechnological applications, for production of D-gluconate, cellulose and acetic acid. AAB can overcome heat and acid stresses by using strategies involving the overexpression of heat-shock proteins and enzymes from the complex pyrroquinoline-ADH, besides alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH). Nonetheless, the isolation of A. senegalensis and other AAB from food may be challenging due to presence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells and due to uncertainties about nutritional requirements. To contribute for a better understanding of the ecology of AAB, this paper reports on the pangenome analysis of five strains of A. senegalensis recently isolated from a Brazilian spontaneous cocoa fermentation. The results showed biosynthetic clusters exclusively found in some cocoa-related AAB, such as those related to terpene pathways, which are important for flavour development. Genes related to oxidative stress were conserved in all the genomes, with multiple clusters. Moreover, there were genes coding for ADH and putative ABC transporters distributed in core, shell and cloud genomes, while chaperonin-encoding genes were present only in the core and soft-core genomes. Regarding quorum sensing, a response regulator gene was in the shell genome, and the gene encoding for acyl-homoserine lactone efflux protein was in the soft-core genome. There were quorum quenching-related genes, mainly encoding for lactonases, but also for acylases. Moreover, A. senegalensis did not have determinants of virulence or antibiotic resistance, which are good traits for strains intended to be applied in food fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G G Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - M P Gimenez
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - E C P De Martinis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Genome analysis suggests the bacterial family Acetobacteraceae is a source of undiscovered specialized metabolites. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 115:41-58. [PMID: 34761294 PMCID: PMC8776678 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetobacteraceae is an economically important family of bacteria that is used for industrial fermentation in the food/feed sector and for the preparation of sorbose and bacterial cellulose. It comprises two major groups: acetous species (acetic acid bacteria) associated with flowers, fruits and insects, and acidophilic species, a phylogenetically basal and physiologically heterogeneous group inhabiting acid or hot springs, sludge, sewage and freshwater environments. Despite the biotechnological importance of the family Acetobacteraceae, the literature does not provide any information about its ability to produce specialized metabolites. We therefore constructed a phylogenomic tree based on concatenated protein sequences from 141 type strains of the family and predicted the presence of small-molecule biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) using the antiSMASH tool. This dual approach allowed us to associate certain biosynthetic pathways with particular taxonomic groups. We found that acidophilic and acetous species contain on average ~ 6.3 and ~ 3.4 BGCs per genome, respectively. All the Acetobacteraceae strains encoded proteins involved in hopanoid biosynthesis, with many also featuring genes encoding type-1 and type-3 polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and enzymes for aryl polyene, lactone and ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. Our in silico analysis indicated that the family Acetobacteraceae is a potential source of many undiscovered bacterial metabolites and deserves more detailed experimental exploration.
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Zhang TZ, Liu LP, Ye L, Li WC, Xin B, Xie YY, Jia SR, Wang TF, Zhong C. The production of bacterial cellulose in Gluconacetobacter xylinus regulated by luxR overexpression of quorum sensing system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7801-7811. [PMID: 34581846 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a mechanism that facilitates cell-to-cell communication. Through signal molecular density for signal recognition, which leads to the regulation of some physiological and biochemical functions. Gluconacetobacter xylinus CGMCC 2955, which produces bacterial cellulose (BC), synthesizes the LuxR protein belonging to the LuxI/LuxR type QS system. Here, a luxR overexpression vector was transformed into G. xylinus CGMCC 2955. The overexpression of luxR increased the yield of BC by 15.6% after 16 days static culture and reduced the cell density by 15.5% after 120-h-agitated culture. The glucose was used up by G. xylinus-pMV24-luxR at 72-h-agitated fermentation, which 12 h earlier than the wild-type (WT). The total N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHL) content of the luxR-overexpressing strain and the WT strain attained 1367.9 ± 57.86 mg/L and 842.9 ± 54.22 mg/L, respectively. The C12-HSL and C14-HSL contents of G. xylinus-pMV24-luxR were 202 ± 21.66 mg/L and 409.6 ± 0.91 mg/L, which were significantly lower than that of WT. In contrast, C6-HSL showed opposite results. The difference of AHL content proved that overexpression of luxR improved the binding of AHL and showed preference for some specific AHL. The metabolic results demonstrated that upon glucose exhaustion, the consumption of gluconic acid was promoted by luxR overexpression, and the content of D- ( +)-trehalose, an antiretrograde metabolite, increased significantly. KEY POINTS: • The overexpression of luxR increased the yield of bacterial cellulose • The content of signal molecules was significantly different • Differential metabolites were involved in multiple metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Pu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ye
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
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Fabricio MF, Mann MB, Kothe CI, Frazzon J, Tischer B, Flôres SH, Ayub MAZ. Effect of freeze-dried kombucha culture on microbial composition and assessment of metabolic dynamics during fermentation. Food Microbiol 2021; 101:103889. [PMID: 34579857 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Kombucha is a traditional fermented beverage gaining popularity around the world. So far, few studies have investigated its microbiome using next-generation DNA sequencing, whereas the correlation between the microbial community and metabolites evolution along fermentation is still unclear. In this study, we explore this correlation in a traditionally produced kombucha by evaluating its microbial community and the main metabolites produced. We also investigated the effects of starter cultures processed in three different ways (control, starter culture without liquid suspension (CSC), and a freeze-dried starter culture (FDSC)) to evaluate changes in kombucha composition, such as antioxidant activity and sensory analysis. We identified seven genera of bacteria, including Komagataeibacter, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, Acetobacter, Liquorilactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Zymomonas, and three genera of yeasts, Dekkera/Brettanomyces, Hanseniaspora, and Saccharomyces. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the acceptance test in sensory analysis, different starter cultures resulted in products showing different microbial and biochemical compositions. FDSC decreased Zymomonas and Acetobacter populations, allowing for Gluconobacter predominance, whereas in the control and CSC kombuchas the first two were the predominant genera. Results suggest that the freeze-drying cultures could be implemented to standardize the process and, despite it changes the microbial community, a lower alcohol content could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fensterseifer Fabricio
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele Bertoni Mann
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Isabel Kothe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tischer
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Hickmann Flôres
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Watanabe S, Shirai M, Kishi M, Ohnishi Y. Involvement of an FNR-like oxygen sensor in Komagataeibacter medellinensis for survival under oxygen depletion. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2065-2075. [PMID: 34191007 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During acetic acid fermentation, acetic acid bacteria face oxygen depletion stress caused by the vigorous oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to oxygen depletion stress remain largely unknown. Here, we focused on an oxygen-sensing FNR homolog, FnrG, in Komagataeibacter medellinensis. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between the wild-type and fnrG-disrupted strains revealed that FnrG upregulated eight genes (fold change > 3). Recombinant FnrG bound to a specific DNA sequence only when FnrG was reconstituted anaerobically. An operon consisting of acetate kinase and xylulose-5-phosphate/fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase genes was found to be an FnrG regulon involved in cell survival under oxygen-limiting conditions. Moreover, a strain that overexpressed these two genes accumulated more acetic acid than the wild-type strain harboring an empty vector. Thus, these two genes could be new targets for the molecular breeding of acetic acid bacteria with high acetic acid productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Central Research Institute, Mizkan Holdings Co. Ltd., 2-6 Nakamura-cho, Handa-shi, Aichi 475-8585, Japan
| | - Mutsunori Shirai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mikiya Kishi
- Central Research Institute, Mizkan Holdings Co. Ltd., 2-6 Nakamura-cho, Handa-shi, Aichi 475-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Nascimento FX, Torres CA, Freitas F, Reis MA, Crespo MT. Functional and genomic characterization of Komagataeibacter uvaceti FXV3, a multiple stress resistant bacterium producing increased levels of cellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00606. [PMID: 33747802 PMCID: PMC7970039 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose is one of the most promising biomaterials for the development of a wide array of novel biotechnological solutions. Nevertheless, the commercial production of bacterial cellulose is still a challenge and obtaining novel strains presenting increased cellulose biosynthesis and stress resistance properties is of extreme importance. This work demonstrates the increased stress resistance, cellulose production abilities, and overall genomic properties of Komagataeibacter uvaceti FXV3, a novel cellulose-producing and stress resistant strain isolated from a fermented grape must. K. uvaceti FXV3 was able to grow under several stress conditions, including the presence of high concentrations of ethanol (up to 7.5 % v/v), a trait that is not observed in the model strain K. xylinus CECT 7351T. Moreover, K. uvaceti FXV3 produced increased concentrations of cellulose (4.31 mg/mL, 7 days after inoculation-DAI) when compared to K. xylinus CECT 7351T (1.42 mg/mL, 7 DAI). Moreover, the detailed analysis of strain FXV3 genome revealed the presence of several genes involved in cellulose and acetan biosynthesis, quorum-sensing and quenching mechanisms, carbohydrate, amino acid, alcohol and aldehyde metabolism, as well as several other genes involved in stress resistance. Additionally, comparative genomic analysis revealed the increased prevalence of stress resistance genes in K. uvaceti FXV3 when compared to K. xylinus CECT 7351T. Ultimately, this study reveals the increased biotechnological potential of K. uvaceti FXV3 and brings new insights into the genetics behind Komagataeibacter stress resistance and cellulose production abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X. Nascimento
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A.V. Torres
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A.M. Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria T.B. Crespo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Fricke PM, Klemm A, Bott M, Polen T. On the way toward regulatable expression systems in acetic acid bacteria: target gene expression and use cases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3423-3456. [PMID: 33856535 PMCID: PMC8102297 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are valuable biocatalysts for which there is growing interest in understanding their basics including physiology and biochemistry. This is accompanied by growing demands for metabolic engineering of AAB to take advantage of their properties and to improve their biomanufacturing efficiencies. Controlled expression of target genes is key to fundamental and applied microbiological research. In order to get an overview of expression systems and their applications in AAB, we carried out a comprehensive literature search using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The Acetobacteraceae family currently comprises 49 genera. We found overall 6097 publications related to one or more AAB genera since 1973, when the first successful recombinant DNA experiments in Escherichia coli have been published. The use of plasmids in AAB began in 1985 and till today was reported for only nine out of the 49 AAB genera currently described. We found at least five major expression plasmid lineages and a multitude of further expression plasmids, almost all enabling only constitutive target gene expression. Only recently, two regulatable expression systems became available for AAB, an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-inducible system for Komagataeibacter rhaeticus and an L-arabinose-inducible system for Gluconobacter oxydans. Thus, after 35 years of constitutive target gene expression in AAB, we now have the first regulatable expression systems for AAB in hand and further regulatable expression systems for AAB can be expected. KEY POINTS: • Literature search revealed developments and usage of expression systems in AAB. • Only recently 2 regulatable plasmid systems became available for only 2 AAB genera. • Further regulatable expression systems for AAB are in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moritz Fricke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelika Klemm
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Qiu X, Zhang Y, Hong H. Classification of acetic acid bacteria and their acid resistant mechanism. AMB Express 2021; 11:29. [PMID: 33595734 PMCID: PMC7889782 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are obligate aerobic Gram-negative bacteria that are commonly used in vinegar fermentation because of their strong capacity for ethanol oxidation and acetic acid synthesis as well as their acid resistance. However, low biomass and low production rate due to acid stress are still major challenges that must be overcome in industrial processes. Although acid resistance in AAB is important to the production of high acidity vinegar, the acid resistance mechanisms of AAB have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we discuss the classification of AAB species and their metabolic processes and review potential acid resistance factors and acid resistance mechanisms in various strains. In addition, we analyze the quorum sensing systems of Komagataeibacter and Gluconacetobacter to provide new ideas for investigation of acid resistance mechanisms in AAB in the form of signaling pathways. The results presented herein will serve as an important reference for selective breeding of high acid resistance AAB and optimization of acetic acid fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Housheng Hong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China.
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China.
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11
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Gao L, Wu X, Zhu C, Jin Z, Wang W, Xia X. Metabolic engineering to improve the biomanufacturing efficiency of acetic acid bacteria: advances and prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:522-538. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1743231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Cailin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Wu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xiaole Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
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12
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Comparison of bacterial nanocellulose produced by different strains under static and agitated culture conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 227:115323. [PMID: 31590841 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has many advantages over plant cellulose, which make it widely used in many fields, especially in the food industry. In this study, three strains including BCA263, BCC529, and P1 were selected for characteristics analysis of BNCs under static and agitated culture conditions. The BNCs produced under static culture condition were in the shape of uniform membrane, while BNCs produced under agitated culture were in form of small agglomerates and fragments. BCA263 and BCC529 strains were more suitable for static culture, while P1 strain was more suitable for agitated culture. BNCs produced under static culture condition exhibited higher crystallinity, stronger tensile strength, denser network structure, higher temperature resistance and good flame retardancy; while BNCs produced under agitated culture condition exhibited larger porous and lower crystallinity. Furthermore, BNCs produced under agitated culture condition were more suitable as a stabilizer of coffee milk beverage.
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Liu LP, Huang LH, Ding XT, Yan L, Jia SR, Dai YJ, Xie YY, Zhong C. Identification of Quorum-Sensing Molecules of N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone in Gluconacetobacter Strains by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152694. [PMID: 31344938 PMCID: PMC6695853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacteria can regulate gene expression in a cell density-dependent manner via quorum-sensing systems using N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), which are typical quorum-sensing signaling molecules, and thus modulate physiological characteristics. N-acyl-homoserine lactones are small chemical molecules produced at low concentrations by bacteria and are, therefore, difficult to detect. Here, a biosensor system method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were combined to detect and assay AHL production. As demonstrated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Gluconacetobacter xylinus CGMCC No. 2955, a Gram-negative acetic acid-producing bacterium and a typical bacterial cellulose (BC) biosynthesis strain, produces six different AHLs, including N-acetyl-homoserine lactone, N-butanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-3-oxo-decanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone, and N-tetradecanoyl-homoserine lactone. Gluconacetobacter sp. strain SX-1, another Gram-negative acetic acid-producing bacterium, which can synthesize BC, produces seven different AHLs including N-acetyl-homoserine lactone, N-butanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone, N-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone, and N-tetradecanoyl-homoserine lactone. These results lay the foundation for investigating the relationship between BC biosynthesis and quorum-sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Pu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Long-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shi-Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu-Jie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Jacek P, Dourado F, Gama M, Bielecki S. Molecular aspects of bacterial nanocellulose biosynthesis. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:633-649. [PMID: 30883026 PMCID: PMC6559022 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced by aerobic bacteria is a biopolymer with sophisticated technical properties. Although the potential for economically relevant applications is huge, the cost of BNC still limits its application to a few biomedical devices and the edible product Nata de Coco, made available by traditional fermentation methods in Asian countries. Thus, a wider economic relevance of BNC is still dependent on breakthrough developments on the production technology. On the other hand, the development of modified strains able to overproduce BNC with new properties - e.g. porosity, density of fibres crosslinking, mechanical properties, etc. - will certainly allow to overcome investment and cost production issues and enlarge the scope of BNC applications. This review discusses current knowledge about the molecular basis of BNC biosynthesis, its regulations and, finally, presents a perspective on the genetic modification of BNC producers made possible by the new tools available for genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jacek
- Institute of Technical BiochemistryLodz University of Technology4/10 Stefanowskiego Str90‐924LodzPoland
| | - Fernando Dourado
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‐057BragaPortugal
| | - Miguel Gama
- Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar4710‐057BragaPortugal
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Technical BiochemistryLodz University of Technology4/10 Stefanowskiego Str90‐924LodzPoland
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Characterization and comparative analysis of toxin-antitoxin systems in Acetobacter pasteurianus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:869-882. [PMID: 30805740 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems play important roles in diverse cellular regulatory processes. Here, we characterize three putative type II TA candidates from Acetobacter pasteurianus and investigate the profile of type II TA systems in the genus Acetobacter. Based on the gene structure and activity detection, two-pairs loci were identified as the canonical hicAB and higAB TA systems, respectively, and DB34_01190-DB34_01195 as a putative new one without a canonical TA architecture. Physiologically, the expression of the three pairs conferred E. coli with additional plasmid maintenance and survival when under acetic acid stress. Chromosomal TA systems can be horizontally transferred within an ecological vinegar microbiota by co-option, and there was a tendency for toxin module loss. The antitoxin retention in the genome is suggested to have a broad role in bacterial physiology. Furthermore, A. pasteurianus strains, universally domesticated and used for industrial vinegar fermentation, showed a higher number of type II TA loci compared to the host-associated ones. The amount of TA loci per genome showed little positive relationship to insertion sequences, although its prevalence was species-associated, to the extent of even being strain-associated. The TA system is a candidate of studying the resistant mechanistic network, the TAs-dependent translatome affords a real-time profile to explore stress adaptation of A. pasteurianus, promoting industrial development.
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16
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Gullo M, La China S, Falcone PM, Giudici P. Biotechnological production of cellulose by acetic acid bacteria: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6885-6898. [PMID: 29926141 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose is an attractive biopolymer for a number of applications including food, biomedical, cosmetics, and engineering fields. In addition to renewability and biodegradability, its unique structure and properties such as chemical purity, nanoscale fibrous 3D network, high water-holding capacity, high degree of polymerization, high crystallinity index, light transparency, biocompatibility, and mechanical features offer several advantages when it is used as native polymer or in composite materials. Structure and properties play a functional role in both the biofilm life cycle and biotechnological applications. Among all the cellulose-producing bacteria, acetic acid bacteria of the Komagataeibacter xylinus species play the most important role because they are considered the highest producers. Bacterial cellulose from acetic acid bacteria is widely investigated as native and modified biopolymer in functionalized materials, as well as in terms of differences arising from the static or submerged production system. In this paper, the huge amount of knowledge on basic and applied aspects of bacterial cellulose is reviewed to the aim to provide a comprehensive viewpoint on the intriguing interplay between the biological machinery of synthesis, the native structure, and the factors determining its nanostructure and applications. Since in acetic acid bacteria biofilm and cellulose production are two main phenotypes with industrial impact, new insights into biofilm production are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gullo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola, 2, Pad. Besta, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Salvatore La China
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola, 2, Pad. Besta, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Massimiliano Falcone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University Polytechnical of Marche, Brecce Bianche 2, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Giudici
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola, 2, Pad. Besta, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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17
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Complete genome analysis of Gluconacetobacter xylinus CGMCC 2955 for elucidating bacterial cellulose biosynthesis and metabolic regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6266. [PMID: 29674724 PMCID: PMC5908849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete genome sequence of Gluconacetobacter xylinus CGMCC 2955 for fine control of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesis is presented here. The genome, at 3,563,314 bp, was found to contain 3,193 predicted genes without gaps. There are four BC synthase operons (bcs), among which only bcsI is structurally complete, comprising bcsA, bcsB, bcsC, and bcsD. Genes encoding key enzymes in glycolytic, pentose phosphate, and BC biosynthetic pathways and in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were identified. G. xylinus CGMCC 2955 has a complete glycolytic pathway because sequence data analysis revealed that this strain possesses a phosphofructokinase (pfk)-encoding gene, which is absent in most BC-producing strains. Furthermore, combined with our previous results, the data on metabolism of various carbon sources (monosaccharide, ethanol, and acetate) and their regulatory mechanism of action on BC production were explained. Regulation of BC synthase (Bcs) is another effective method for precise control of BC biosynthesis, and cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is the key activator of BcsA–BcsB subunit of Bcs. The quorum sensing (QS) system was found to positively regulate phosphodiesterase, which decomposed c-di-GMP. Thus, in this study, we demonstrated the presence of QS in G. xylinus CGMCC 2955 and proposed a possible regulatory mechanism of QS action on BC production.
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Valera MJ, Mas A, Streit WR, Mateo E. GqqA, a novel protein in Komagataeibacter europaeus involved in bacterial quorum quenching and cellulose formation. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:88. [PMID: 27221658 PMCID: PMC4879726 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We report on the functional screening and identification of an active quorum quenching (QQ) gene in the Komagataeibacter europaeus strain CECT 8546, which is a member of the acetic acid bacteria (AAB). Results Using a previously published screening protocol (Schipper et al., in Appl Environ Microbiol 75:224–233, 2009. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01389-08) for QQ genes, we identified a single gene, designated gqqA, that interfered strongly with bacterial quorum sensing (QS) in various reporter strains. It encodes for a 281-amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 30 kDa. Although the GqqA protein is similar to predicted prephenate dehydratases, it does not complement Escherichia coli mutants of the pheA gene, thus indicating a potentially different function. Recombinant GqqA protein attenuated QS-dependent pyocyanin production and swarming motility in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1. Moreover, GqqA quenched the QS response of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 and the Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 reporter strains. Interestingly, the addition of recombinant GqqA protein to growing cultures of the Komagataeibacter europaeus strain CECT 8546 altered the cellulose production phenotype of CECT 8546 and other AAB strains. In the presence of GqqA protein, cells were planktonic, and no visible cellulose biofilms formed. The addition of low levels of N-acylhomoserine lactones maintained the biofilm formation phenotype. Conclusions Our data provide evidence for an interconnection between QS and AAB cellulose biofilm formation as well as QQ activity of the GqqA protein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0482-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Valera
- Biotecnología Enológica. Dept. Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n., 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Mas
- Biotecnología Enológica. Dept. Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n., 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Mateo
- Biotecnología Enológica. Dept. Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n., 43007, Tarragona, Spain. .,Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Khoi Nguyen N, Thuy Nguyen H, Le PH. Effects ofLactobacillus caseiand Alterations in Fermentation Conditions on Biosynthesis of Glucuronic Acid by aDekkera bruxellensis-Gluconacetobacter intermediusKombucha Symbiosis Model System. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2015.1092446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Draft Genome Sequence of Komagataeibacter europaeus CECT 8546, a Cellulose-Producing Strain of Vinegar Elaborated by the Traditional Method. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01231-15. [PMID: 26494678 PMCID: PMC4616185 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01231-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present article reports the draft genome sequence of the strain Komagataeibacter europaeus CECT 8546, an acetic acid bacterium characterized by its ability to overproduce cellulose. This species is highly resistant to acetic acid and commonly found during vinegar elaboration.
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21
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Akasaka N, Astuti W, Ishii Y, Hidese R, Sakoda H, Fujiwara S. Change in the plasmid copy number in acetic acid bacteria in response to growth phase and acetic acid concentration. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:661-8. [PMID: 25575969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmids pGE1 (2.5 kb), pGE2 (7.2 kb), and pGE3 (5.5 kb) were isolated from Gluconacetobacter europaeus KGMA0119, and sequence analyses revealed they harbored 3, 8, and 4 genes, respectively. Plasmid copy numbers (PCNs) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR at different stages of bacterial growth. When KGMA0119 was cultured in medium containing 0.4% ethanol and 0.5% acetic acid, PCN of pGE1 increased from 7 copies/genome in the logarithmic phase to a maximum of 12 copies/genome at the beginning of the stationary phase, before decreasing to 4 copies/genome in the late stationary phase. PCNs for pGE2 and pGE3 were maintained at 1-3 copies/genome during all phases of growth. Under a higher concentration of ethanol (3.2%) the PCN for pGE1 was slightly lower in all the growth stages, and those of pGE2 and pGE3 were unchanged. In the presence of 1.0% acetic acid, PCNs were higher for pGE1 (10 copies/genome) and pGE3 (6 copies/genome) during the logarithmic phase. Numbers for pGE2 did not change, indicating that pGE1 and pGE3 increase their PCNs in response to acetic acid. Plasmids pBE2 and pBE3 were constructed by ligating linearized pGE2 and pGE3 into pBR322. Both plasmids were replicable in Escherichia coli, Acetobacter pasteurianus and G. europaeus, highlighting their suitability as vectors for acetic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Akasaka
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Marukan Vinegar Co. Ltd., 5-6 Koyo-cho West, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0033, Japan
| | - Wiwik Astuti
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuri Ishii
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryota Hidese
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hisao Sakoda
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Marukan Vinegar Co. Ltd., 5-6 Koyo-cho West, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujiwara
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan; Research Center for Environmental Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
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22
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Intriago P. Marine Microorganisms: perspectives for getting involved in cellulosic ethanol. AMB Express 2012; 2:46. [PMID: 22931793 PMCID: PMC3490849 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of ethanol has been considered as an alternative to replace part of the petroleum derivate. Brazil and the US are the leading producers, but more environmentally friendly alternatives are needed. Lignocellulose has an enormous potential but technology has to be still improve in order to economically produce ethanol. The present paper reviews the potential and problems of this technology and proposes the study of a group of microorganisms with the largest genetic pool, marine microorganism.
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23
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Nieto-Peñalver CG, Bertini EV, de Figueroa LIC. Identification of N-acyl homoserine lactones produced by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 cultured in complex and synthetic media. Arch Microbiol 2012; 194:615-22. [PMID: 22350020 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-012-0794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endophytic diazotrophic Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 was originally isolated from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). The biological nitrogen fixation, phytohormones secretion, solubilization of mineral nutrients and phytopathogen antagonism allow its classification as a plant growth-promoting bacterium. The recent genomic sequence of PAL5 unveiled the presence of a quorum sensing (QS) system. QS are regulatory mechanisms that, through the production of signal molecules or autoinducers, permit a microbial population the regulation of the physiology in a coordinated manner. The most studied autoinducers in gram-negative bacteria are the N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). The usage of biosensor strains evidenced the presence of AHL-like molecules in cultures of G. diazotrophicus PAL5 grown in complex and synthetic media. Analysis of AHLs performed by LC-APCI-MS permitted the identification of eight different signal molecules, including C6-, C8-, C10-, C12- and C14-HSL. Mass spectra confirmed that this diazotrophic strain also synthesizes autoinducers with carbonyl substitutions in the acyl chain. No differences in the profile of AHLs could be determined under both culture conditions. However, although the level of short-chain AHLs was not affected, a decrease of 30% in the production of long-chain AHLs could be measured in synthetic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Nieto-Peñalver
- PROIMI, CONICET (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), Av. Belgrano y Caseros, T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Tahrioui A, Quesada E, Llamas I. The hanR/hanI quorum-sensing system of Halomonas anticariensis, a moderately halophilic bacterium. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:3378-3387. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.052167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a cell density-dependent gene expression mechanism found in many Gram-negative bacteria which involves the production of signal molecules such as N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). One significant group of micro-organisms in which quorum sensing has not been previously studied, however, are the moderate halophiles. We describe here the results of our studies of the quorum-sensing system in Halomonas anticariensis FP35T, which is composed of luxR/luxI homologues: hanR (the putative transcriptional regulator gene) and hanI (the autoinducer synthase gene). To understand how the hanR/hanI system is organized and regulated we conducted RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR assays. Transcriptional analysis indicated that the hanR and hanI genes are on the same transcript and that their transcription is growth phase-dependent. HanI seems to be the only autoinducer synthase responsible for the synthesis of AHLs by the bacterium, since the inactivation of hanI resulted in the complete loss of its AHLs. We also found that the hanI gene appears to be transcribed from its own promoter and that its expression does not depend upon HanR. This finding was supported by the fact that the FP35hanR mutant showed AHL-producing activity and hanI expression similar to that of the wild-type strain, the latter being measured by RT-PCR. Moreover, hanR is expressed from its own promoter and appears to be independent of the AHL signalling molecules produced by HanI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tahrioui
- Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Emilia Quesada
- Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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25
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Cataldi TRI, Bianco G, Abate S, Losito I. Identification of unsaturated N-acylhomoserine lactones in bacterial isolates of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-hybrid linear ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1817-1826. [PMID: 21638357 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of two unsaturated N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by Rhodobacter sphaeroides bacteria, based on liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap (LTQ)-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer upon electrospray ionization (ESI), is presented. Besides the confirmation of the signaling molecule already described in the literature, i.e. (Z)-N-tetradec-7-enoyl-homoserine lactone (C(14:1)-HSL), we have discovered the occurrence, at low, yet significant levels, of another monounsaturated compound, C(12:1) -HSL, which may extend the number of small diffusible chemical signals known for R. sphaeroides. Both unsaturated AHLs were identified by high-resolution FTICR mass spectrometry in extracts of bacterial culture media and the occurrence of a C=C bond was assessed upon their conversion into bromohydrins. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra were then collected on the LTQ mass analyzer. A careful comparison of tandem MS spectra of monounsaturated (i.e., C(12:1)-HSL and C(14:1)-HSL) and saturated AHLs (i.e. C(12)-HSL and C(14)-HSL) led to the emphasis of two series of product ions, exhibiting 14 Da spaced m/z ratios. Both series were referred to progressive fragmentations at the aliphatic end of the AHL acyl chains, followed by neutral losses of terminal alkenes (i.e. CH(2)=CH(CH(2))(n)H). In particular, the series located at the higher end of the explored m/z range (>200 Da), observed only for monounsaturated species, enabled the location of the C=C bond between carbons 7 and 8 of the acyl chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
This review describes the chemistry of the bacterial biofilms including the chemistry of their constituents and signalling compounds that mediate or inhibit the formation of biofilms. Systems are described with special emphasis, in which quorum sensing molecules (autoinducers) trigger the formation of biofilms. In the first instance, N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the focus of this review, whereas the inter-species signal known as furanosyl borate diester and peptide autoinducers used by Gram-positive bacteria are not discussed in detail. Since the first discovery of an AHL autoinducer from Vibrio fischeri a large and further increasing number of different AHL structures from Gram-negative bacteria have been identified. This review gives a summary of all known AHL autoinducers and producing bacterial species. A few systems are discussed, where biofilm formation is suppressed by enzymatic degradation of AHL molecules or interference of secondary metabolites from other species with the quorum sensing systems of communicating bacteria. Finally, the multi-channel quorum sensing system, the intracellular downstream processing of the signal, and the resulting response of whole populations including biofilm formation are discussed for the Vibrio genus that has been extensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S Dickschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Iida A, Ohnishi Y, Horinouchi S. Identification and characterization of target genes of the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system in Gluconacetobacter intermedius. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:3021-3032. [PMID: 19520724 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.028613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system represses oxidative fermentation, including acetic acid and gluconic acid fermentation, as well as antifoam activity in Gluconacetobacter intermedius NCI1051. An 89 aa protein, GinA, whose production is induced by the quorum-sensing system, represses both oxidative fermentation and antifoam activity via a still unknown mechanism, although an OmpA family protein, GmpA, as a target of the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system via GinA, has been found to repress oxidative fermentation. In this study, four novel GinA-inducible genes (gltA, pdeA, pdeB and nagA) were identified and their involvement in oxidative fermentation and antifoam activity was examined by gene disruption. Disruption of nagA (which encodes a putative N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase) decreased the growth rate in the exponential growth phase, indicating that nagA was required for the rapid growth of the strain. This unexpected finding revealed a new aspect of the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system: it accelerates exponential growth by induction of nagA. In contrast, gltA (a putative glycosyltransferase) and pdeA (a putative cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase) were shown to repress oxidative fermentation, including acetic acid and gluconic acid fermentation. gltA was also shown to repress antifoam activity. Disruption of pdeB (a putative phosphodiesterase/diguanylate cyclase) caused no phenotypic changes. Taking our previous results into consideration, these results showed an apparently complex mechanism for repressing oxidative fermentation by the quorum-sensing system; at least three GinA-inducible genes, gltA, pdeA and gmpA, were involved in the repression of oxidative fermentation by the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system, the most characteristic feature of the acetic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Iida
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sueharu Horinouchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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An OmpA family protein, a target of the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system in Gluconacetobacter intermedius, controls acetic acid fermentation. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:5009-19. [PMID: 18487322 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00378-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Via N-acylhomoserine lactones, the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system in Gluconacetobacter intermedius NCI1051, a gram-negative acetic acid bacterium, represses acetic acid and gluconic acid fermentation. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of protein profiles of strain NCI1051 and ginI and ginR mutants identified a protein that was produced in response to the GinI/GinR regulatory system. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the gene encoding this protein revealed that it encoded an OmpA family protein, named GmpA. gmpA was a member of the gene cluster containing three adjacent homologous genes, gmpA to gmpC, the organization of which appeared to be unique to vinegar producers, including "Gluconacetobacter polyoxogenes." In addition, GmpA was unique among the OmpA family proteins in that its N-terminal membrane domain forming eight antiparallel transmembrane beta-strands contained an extra sequence in one of the surface-exposed loops. Transcriptional analysis showed that only gmpA of the three adjacent gmp genes was activated by the GinI/GinR quorum-sensing system. However, gmpA was not controlled directly by GinR but was controlled by an 89-amino-acid protein, GinA, a target of this quorum-sensing system. A gmpA mutant grew more rapidly in the presence of 2% (vol/vol) ethanol and accumulated acetic acid and gluconic acid in greater final yields than strain NCI1051. Thus, GmpA plays a role in repressing oxidative fermentation, including acetic acid fermentation, which is unique to acetic acid bacteria and allows ATP synthesis via ethanol oxidation. Consistent with the involvement of gmpA in oxidative fermentation, its transcription was also enhanced by ethanol and acetic acid.
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