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Zmozinski AV, S Peres R, Macedo AJ, Mendes Becker E, Pasinato Napp A, Schneider R, Reisdörfer Silveira J, Ferreira CA, H Vainstein M, Schrank A. Silicone-geranium essential oil blend for long-term antifouling coatings. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:209-222. [PMID: 38500010 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2328611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of geranium essential oil as a natural solution for combating marine biofouling, addressing the environmental concerns associated with commercial antifouling coatings. Compounds with bactericidal activities were identified by 13Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed minimal impact on film thermal stability, maintaining suitability for antifouling applications. The addition of essential oil induced changes in the morphology of the film and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that oil remained within the film. Optical microscopy showed an increase in coating porosity after immersion in a marine environment. A total of 18 bacterial colonies were isolated, with Psychrobacter adeliensis and Shewanella algidipiscicola being the predominant biofilm-forming species. The geranium essential oil-based coating demonstrated the ability to reduce the formation of Psychrobacter adeliensis biofilms and effectively inhibit macrofouling adhesion for a duration of 11 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane V Zmozinski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Rafael S Peres
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emilene Mendes Becker
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pasinato Napp
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Rafael Schneider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Jade Reisdörfer Silveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Arthur Ferreira
- LAPOL/PPGE3M - Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene H Vainstein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Augusto Schrank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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2
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Su Y, Mangus AM, Cordell WT, Pfleger BF. Overcoming barriers to medium-chain fatty alcohol production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103063. [PMID: 38219523 PMCID: PMC10922944 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty alcohols (mcFaOHs) are aliphatic primary alcohols containing six to twelve carbons that are widely used in materials, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Microbial biosynthesis has been touted as a route to less-abundant chain-length molecules and as a sustainable alternative to current petrochemical processes. Several metabolic engineering strategies for producing mcFaOHs have been demonstrated in the literature, yet processes continue to suffer from poor selectivity and mcFaOH toxicity, leading to reduced titers, rates, and yields of the desired compounds. This opinion examines the current state of microbial mcFaOH biosynthesis, summarizing engineering efforts to tailor selectivity and improve product tolerance by implementing engineering strategies that circumvent or overcome mcFaOH toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna M Mangus
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - William T Cordell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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3
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Kado T, Akbary Z, Motooka D, Sparks IL, Melzer ES, Nakamura S, Rojas ER, Morita YS, Siegrist MS. A cell wall synthase accelerates plasma membrane partitioning in mycobacteria. eLife 2023; 12:e81924. [PMID: 37665120 PMCID: PMC10547480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral partitioning of proteins and lipids shapes membrane function. In model membranes, partitioning can be influenced both by bilayer-intrinsic factors like molecular composition and by bilayer-extrinsic factors such as interactions with other membranes and solid supports. While cellular membranes can departition in response to bilayer-intrinsic or -extrinsic disruptions, the mechanisms by which they partition de novo are largely unknown. The plasma membrane of Mycobacterium smegmatis spatially and biochemically departitions in response to the fluidizing agent benzyl alcohol, then repartitions upon fluidizer washout. By screening for mutants that are sensitive to benzyl alcohol, we show that the bifunctional cell wall synthase PonA2 promotes membrane partitioning and cell growth during recovery from benzyl alcohol exposure. PonA2's role in membrane repartitioning and regrowth depends solely on its conserved transglycosylase domain. Active cell wall polymerization promotes de novo membrane partitioning and the completed cell wall polymer helps to maintain membrane partitioning. Our work highlights the complexity of membrane-cell wall interactions and establishes a facile model system for departitioning and repartitioning cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
| | - Zarina Akbary
- Department of Biology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Ian L Sparks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
| | - Emily S Melzer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Enrique R Rojas
- Department of Biology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
- Molecular and Cellular Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
| | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
- Molecular and Cellular Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstUnited States
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4
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Kyoui D, Saito Y, Takahashi A, Tanaka G, Yoshida R, Maegaki Y, Kawarai T, Ogihara H, Suzuki C. Antibacterial Activity of Hexanol Vapor In Vitro and on the Surface of Vegetables. Foods 2023; 12:3097. [PMID: 37628096 PMCID: PMC10453283 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexanol is a volatile alcohol and a major component of plant essential oils (EOs). However, the antibacterial activity of hexanol vapor has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hexanol. In this study, seven food-related bacteria were exposed to 1-, 2- or 3-hexanol vapor on agar media to evaluate their growth. Additionally, the total viable counts in three vegetables when exposed to 1-hexanol vapor were measured. The results showed that 1-hexanol exhibited antibacterial effects against Gram-negative bacteria but did not affect Gram-positive bacteria. However, compounds 2- and 3-hexanol did not show antimicrobial activity against any bacteria. For the vegetables, exposure to 1-hexanol vapor decreased the total viable bacterial counts in cabbage and carrot and inhibited bacterial growth in eggplants. In cabbage, 1-hexanol vapor at concentrations over 50 ppm decreased the total viable count within 72 h, and 25 ppm of vapor showed bacteriostatic activity for 168 h. However, 1-hexanol vapor also caused discoloration in cabbage. In summary, 1-hexanol has the potential to act as an antibacterial agent, but further studies are required for practical use. Moreover, the study results may help determine the antimicrobial activity of various EOs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kyoui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa 2520880, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Dymond MK. A Membrane Biophysics Perspective on the Mechanism of Alcohol Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37186813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Motivations for understanding the underlying mechanisms of alcohol toxicity range from economical to toxicological and clinical. On the one hand, acute alcohol toxicity limits biofuel yields, and on the other hand, acute alcohol toxicity provides a vital defense mechanism to prevent the spread of disease. Herein the role that stored curvature elastic energy (SCE) in biological membranes might play in alcohol toxicity is discussed, for both short and long-chain alcohols. Structure-toxicity relationships for alcohols ranging from methanol to hexadecanol are collated, and estimates of alcohol toxicity per alcohol molecule in the cell membrane are made. The latter reveal a minimum toxicity value per molecule around butanol before alcohol toxicity per molecule increases to a maximum around decanol and subsequently decreases again. The impact of alcohol molecules on the lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase transition temperature (TH) is then presented and used as a metric to assess the impact of alcohol molecules on SCE. This approach suggests the nonmonotonic relationship between alcohol toxicity and chain length is consistent with SCE being a target of alcohol toxicity. Finally, in vivo evidence for SCE-driven adaptations to alcohol toxicity in the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Dymond
- Chemistry Research and Enterprise Group, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
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6
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Guo X, Zhang H, Feng J, Yang L, Luo K, Fu H, Wang J. De novo biosynthesis of butyl butyrate in engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Metab Eng 2023; 77:64-75. [PMID: 36948242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Butyl butyrate has broad applications in foods, cosmetics, solvents, and biofuels. Microbial synthesis of bio-based butyl butyrate has been regarded as a promising approach recently. Herein, we engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 to achieve de novo biosynthesis of butyl butyrate from fermentable sugars. Through introducing the butanol synthetic pathway (enzyme AdhE2), screening alcohol acyltransferases (AATs), adjusting transcription of VAAT and adhE2 (i.e., optimizing promoter), and efficient supplying butyryl-CoA, an excellent engineered strain, named MUV3, was obtained with ability to produce 4.58 g/L butyl butyrate at 25 °C with glucose in serum bottles. More NADH is needed for butyl butyrate synthesis, thus mannitol (the more reduced substrate) was employed to produce butyl butyrate. Ultimately, 62.59 g/L butyl butyrate with a selectivity of 95.97%, and a yield of 0.21 mol/mol was obtained under mannitol with fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, which is the highest butyl butyrate titer reported so far. Altogether, this study presents an anaerobic fermentative platform for de novo biosynthesis of butyl butyrate in one step, which lays the foundation for butyl butyrate biosynthesis from renewable biomass feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Guo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Feng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kui Luo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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7
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Schultes FPJ, Haarmann M, Tischler D, Mügge C. Primary alcohols as substrates or products in whole-cell biocatalysis: Toxicity for Escherichia coli expression strains. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Islam M, Shahin Ahmed K, Karim R, Nath BD, Prosad Moulick S, Islam R, Mahmudul Hassan SM, Hossain H, Moniruzzaman M, Jahan MS, Ali Shaikh A, Georghiou PE. Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizers amid COVID-19: Chemical Formulation, Analysis, Safety. ChemistrySelect 2022; 7:e202203290. [PMID: 36718183 PMCID: PMC9877727 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) containing ethanol (EtOH) or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to inactivate microorganisms help prevent the spread of respiratory diseases. These products have become very popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from vaccines or other preventative antiseptic measures, the majority of consumers have relied on different types of ABHSs to disinfect their hands. As a result, there has been a global rush in the demand for these ABHSs and other antiseptic hygiene products. This has resulted in the formation of many new commercial sanitizer producers. There are around fifty companies of varying sizes that have been marketing their ABHSs in Bangladesh, most of which have only been manufacturing their products for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. To monitor the quality and components of these products, the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) analyzed approximately 200 different hand sanitizer samples using GC-FID method. All samples were alcohol-based except for 3 which were alcohol-free aqueous hand sanitizers. Of the supplied formulated ABHSs, 80 samples were found to contain only IPA and 54 contained only EtOH. However, 28 samples were found to be contaminated with methanol (MeOH), 7 samples contained only MeOH and 18 samples contained both EtOH and IPA. This is the first study to explore the analysis of alcohol content in formulated ABHSs and their marketing status in Bangladesh, but the findings could be of use in other jurisdictions as similar issues have been raised in many parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monarul Islam
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
- Central Analytical & Research Facilities (CARF)Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh.
| | - Khondoker Shahin Ahmed
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
| | - Rezaul Karim
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
| | - Bikash Dev Nath
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
- Department of ChemistryDhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET)Gazipur1707Bangladesh
| | - Shyama Prosad Moulick
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
| | - Rashedul Islam
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
| | - Sharkar Md. Mahmudul Hassan
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
- Central Analytical & Research Facilities (CARF)Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
- Central Analytical & Research Facilities (CARF)Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh.
| | - M. Sarwar Jahan
- BCSIR Dhaka LaboratoriesBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh
| | - Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) DhanmondiDhaka1205Bangladesh.
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh.
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of ChemistryMemorial University of Newfoundland, St. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorA1B 3X7Canada
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Re A, Mazzoli R. Current progress on engineering microbial strains and consortia for production of cellulosic butanol through consolidated bioprocessing. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:238-261. [PMID: 36168663 PMCID: PMC9871528 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, fermentative production of n-butanol has regained substantial interest mainly owing to its use as drop-in-fuel. The use of lignocellulose as an alternative to traditional acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation feedstocks (starchy biomass and molasses) can significantly increase the economic competitiveness of biobutanol over production from non-renewable sources (petroleum). However, the low cost of lignocellulose is offset by its high recalcitrance to biodegradation which generally requires chemical-physical pre-treatment and multiple bioreactor-based processes. The development of consolidated processing (i.e., single-pot fermentation) can dramatically reduce lignocellulose fermentation costs and promote its industrial application. Here, strategies for developing microbial strains and consortia that feature both efficient (hemi)cellulose depolymerization and butanol production will be depicted, that is, rational metabolic engineering of native (hemi)cellulolytic or native butanol-producing or other suitable microorganisms; protoplast fusion of (hemi)cellulolytic and butanol-producing strains; and co-culture of (hemi)cellulolytic and butanol-producing microbes. Irrespective of the fermentation feedstock, biobutanol production is inherently limited by the severe toxicity of this solvent that challenges process economic viability. Hence, an overview of strategies for developing butanol hypertolerant strains will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future TechnologiesFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaTorinoItaly,Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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10
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Nguyen PP, Kado T, Prithviraj M, Siegrist MS, Morita YS. Inositol acylation of phosphatidylinositol mannosides: a rapid mass response to membrane fluidization in mycobacteria. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100262. [PMID: 35952902 PMCID: PMC9490103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria share an unusually complex, multilayered cell envelope, which contributes to adaptation to changing environments. The plasma membrane is the deepest layer of the cell envelope and acts as the final permeability barrier against outside molecules. There is an obvious need to maintain the plasma membrane integrity, but the adaptive responses of the plasma membrane to stress exposure remain poorly understood. Using chemical treatment and heat stress to fluidize the membrane, we show here that phosphatidylinositol (PI)-anchored plasma membrane glycolipids known as PI mannosides (PIMs) are rapidly remodeled upon membrane fluidization in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Without membrane stress, PIMs are predominantly in a triacylated form: two acyl chains of the PI moiety plus one acyl chain modified at one of the mannose residues. Upon membrane fluidization, we determined the fourth fatty acid is added to the inositol moiety of PIMs, making them tetra-acylated variants. Additionally, we show that PIM inositol acylation is a rapid response independent of de novo protein synthesis, representing one of the fastest mass conversions of lipid molecules found in nature. Strikingly, we found that M. smegmatis is more resistant to the bactericidal effect of a cationic detergent after benzyl alcohol pre-exposure. We further demonstrate that fluidization-induced PIM inositol acylation is conserved in pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Our results demonstrate that mycobacteria possess a mechanism to sense plasma membrane fluidity change. We suggest that inositol acylation of PIMs is a novel membrane stress response that enables mycobacterial cells to resist membrane fluidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Takehiro Kado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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11
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Zahumenský J, Mota Fernandes C, Veselá P, Del Poeta M, Konopka JB, Malínský J. Microdomain Protein Nce102 Is a Local Sensor of Plasma Membrane Sphingolipid Balance. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0196122. [PMID: 35758748 PMCID: PMC9431316 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01961-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential building blocks of eukaryotic membranes and important signaling molecules that are regulated tightly in response to environmental and physiological inputs. While their biosynthetic pathway has been well-described, the mechanisms that facilitate the perception of sphingolipid levels at the plasma membrane remain to be uncovered. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Nce102 protein has been proposed to function as a sphingolipid sensor as it changes its plasma membrane distribution in response to sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibition. We show that Nce102 redistributes specifically in regions of increased sphingolipid demand, e.g., membranes of nascent buds. Furthermore, we report that the production of Nce102 increases following sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibition and that Nce102 is internalized when excess sphingolipid precursors are supplied. This finding suggests that the total amount of Nce102 in the plasma membrane is a measure of the current need for sphingolipids, whereas its local distribution marks sites of high sphingolipid demand. The physiological role of Nce102 in the regulation of sphingolipid synthesis is demonstrated by mass spectrometry analysis showing reduced levels of hydroxylated complex sphingolipids in response to heat stress in the nce102Δ deletion mutant. We also demonstrate that Nce102 behaves analogously in the widespread human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, suggesting a conserved principle of local sphingolipid control across species. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms are challenged constantly by their rapidly changing environment. To survive, they have developed diverse mechanisms to quickly perceive stressful situations and adapt to them appropriately. The primary site of both stress sensing and adaptation is the plasma membrane. We identified the yeast protein Nce102 as a marker of local sphingolipid levels and fluidity in the plasma membrane. Nce102 is an important structural and functional component of the membrane compartment Can1 (MCC), a plasma membrane microdomain stabilized by a large cytosolic hemitubular protein scaffold, the eisosome. The MCC/eisosomes are widely conserved among fungi and unicellular algae. To determine if Nce102 carries out similar functions in other organisms, we analyzed the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans and found that Nce102 responds to sphingolipid levels also in this organism, which has potential applications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The presented study represents a valuable model for how organisms regulate plasma membrane sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Zahumenský
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline Mota Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Petra Veselá
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - James B. Konopka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jan Malínský
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Glycerol Utilization as a Sole Carbon Source Disrupts the Membrane Architecture and Solventogenesis in Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficient bioconversion of abundant waste glycerol to value-added chemicals calls for a wider range of fermentative workhorses that can catabolize glycerol. In this study, we used quantitative gene expression and solvent profiling, qualitative metabolite analysis, and enzyme activity assays to investigate the factors that limit glycerol utilization as a sole carbon source by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 did not produce acetate, acetone and butanol on glycerol. Congruently, the genes encoding the coenzyme A transferase subunits (ctfAB) and bifunctional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) were down-regulated up to 135- and 21-fold, respectively, at 12 h in glycerol-grown cells compared to glucose-grown cells. Conversely, NADH-dependent butanol dehydrogenase A (bdhA) was upregulated 2-fold. Glycerol dehydrogenase (gldA) and dihydroxyacetone kinase (subunit dhaK) were upregulated up to 5- and 881-fold, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) showed mostly similar expression profiles at 12 h on glucose and glycerol. At 24 h, gapdh was downregulated 1.5-fold, while NADP+-dependent gapdh was upregulated up to 1.9-fold. Glycerol-grown cells showed higher or similar activity profiles for all solventogenic enzymes studied, compared to glucose-grown cells. Butyraldehyde (3 g/L) supplementation led to the production of ~0.1 g/L butanol, whilst butyrate (3.5 g/L) supplementation produced 0.7 and 0.5 g/L acetone and butanol, respectively, with glycerol. Further, the long chain saturated fatty acids cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, butyl ester were detected in glucose- but not in glycerol-grown cells. Collectively, growth on glycerol appears to disrupt synthesis of saturated long chain fatty acids, as well as solventogenesis in C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052.
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The production of preconditioned freeze-dried Oenococcus oeni primes its metabolism to withstand environmental stresses encountered upon inoculation into wine. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 369:109617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wong HSJ, Bhubalan K, Amirul AAA. A Critical Review on the Economically Feasible and Sustainable Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Production from Alkyl Alcohols. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:670. [PMID: 35215584 PMCID: PMC8876610 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-co-3HV)) is the most studied short-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with high application importance in various fields. The domination of high-cost propionate and valerate over other 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) precursors owing to their wide preference among PHA-producing bacteria has hindered the development of diverse production processes. As alkyl alcohols are mainly produced from inexpensive starting materials through oxo synthesis, they contribute a cost-effective advantage over propionate and valerate. Moreover, alkyl alcohols can be biosynthesized from natural substrates and organic wastes. Despite their great potential, their toxicity to most PHA-producing bacteria has been the major drawback for their wide implementation as 3HV precursors for decades. Although the standard PHA-producing bacteria Cupriavidus necator showed promising alcohol tolerance, the 3HV yield was discouraging. Continuous discovery of alkyl alcohols-utilizing PHA-producing bacteria has enabled broader choices in 3HV precursor selection for diverse P(3HB-co-3HV) production processes with higher economic feasibility. Besides continuous effort in searching for promising wild-type strains, genetic engineering to construct promising recombinant strains based on the understanding of the mechanisms involved in alkyl alcohols toxicity and tolerance is an alternative approach. However, more studies are required for techno-economic assessment to analyze the economic performance of alkyl alcohol-based production compared to that of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau Seung Jeremy Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kesaven Bhubalan
- Eco-Innovation Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Al-Ashraf Abdullah Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Penang, Malaysia
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15
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Yeh V, Goode A, Johnson D, Cowieson N, Bonev BB. The Role of Lipid Chains as Determinants of Membrane Stability in the Presence of Styrene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1348-1359. [PMID: 35045250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofermentative production of styrene from renewable carbon sources is crucially dependent on strain tolerance and viability at elevated styrene concentrations. Solvent-driven collapse of bacterial plasma membranes limits yields and is technologically restrictive. Styrene is a hydrophobic solvent that readily partitions into the membrane interior and alters membrane-chain order and packing. We investigate styrene incorporation into model membranes and the role lipid chains play as determinants of membrane stability in the presence of styrene. MD simulations reveal styrene phase separation followed by irreversible segregation into the membrane interior. Solid state NMR shows committed partitioning of styrene into the membrane interior with persistence of the bilayer phase up to 67 mol % styrene. Saturated-chain lipid membranes were able to retain integrity even at 80 mol % styrene, whereas in unsaturated lipid membranes, we observe the onset of a non-bilayer phase of small lipid aggregates in coexistence with styrene-saturated membranes. Shorter-chain saturated lipid membranes were seen to tolerate styrene better, which is consistent with observed chain length reduction in bacteria grown in the presence of small molecule solvents. Unsaturation at mid-chain position appears to reduce the membrane tolerance to styrene and conversion from cis- to trans-chain unsaturation does not alter membrane phase stability but the lipid order in trans-chains is less affected than cis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Yeh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Alice Goode
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - David Johnson
- Lucite International, Wilton Centre, Wilton, Redcar TS10 4RF, U.K
| | | | - Boyan B Bonev
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
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16
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Jayakody LN, Chinmoy B, Turner TL. Trends in valorization of highly-toxic lignocellulosic biomass derived-compounds via engineered microbes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126614. [PMID: 34954359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass-derived fuels, chemicals, and materials are promising sustainable solutions to replace the current petroleum-based production. The direct microbial conversion of thermos-chemically pretreated lignocellulosic biomass is hampered by the presence of highly toxic chemical compounds. Also, thermo-catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass generates wastewater that contains heterogeneous toxic chemicals, a mixture of unutilized carbon. Metabolic engineering efforts have primarily focused on the conversion of carbohydrates in lignocellulose biomass; substantial opportunities exist to harness value from toxic lignocellulose-derived toxic compounds. This article presents the comprehensive metabolic routes and tolerance mechanisms to develop robust synthetic microbial cell factories to valorize the highly toxic compounds to advanced-platform chemicals. The obtained platform chemicals can be used to manufacture high-value biopolymers and biomaterials via a hybrid biochemical approach for replacing petroleum-based incumbents. The proposed strategy enables a sustainable bio-based materials economy by microbial biofunneling of lignocellulosic biomass-derived toxic molecules, an untapped biogenic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru N Jayakody
- School of Biological Science, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA; Fermentation Science Institute, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA.
| | - Baroi Chinmoy
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Timothy L Turner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 towards Alcohols: Potential for Alcohol-Related Toxicity in Humans. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121334. [PMID: 34947865 PMCID: PMC8708630 DOI: 10.3390/life11121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative organism that is highly contagious and has been responsible for more than 240 million cases and 5 million deaths worldwide. Using masks, soap-based hand washing, and maintaining social distancing are some of the common methods to prevent the spread of the virus. In the absence of any preventive medications, from the outset of pandemic, alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) have been one of the first-line measures to control transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 towards ABHS and understand their potential adverse effects on humans. Ethanol and isopropanol have been the most commonly used alcohols in ABHS (e.g., gel, solution, spray, wipes, or foam) with alcohol in the range of 70–85% v/v in World Health Organization or Food and Drug Administration-approved ABHS. The denaturation of proteins around the envelope of SARS-CoV-2 positive sense single-stranded RNA virus is the major mechanism of action of ABHS. Due to frequent use of high-percentage alcohol-containing ABHS over an extended period of time, the oral, dermal, or pulmonary absorption is a possibility. In addition to the systemic toxicity, topical adverse effects such as contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis are plausible and have been reported during COVID-19. ABHS appear to be effective in controlling the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with the concern of oral, dermal, or pulmonary absorption.
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18
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Kosowska A, Barasona JA, Barroso-Arévalo S, Rivera B, Domínguez L, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. A new method for sampling African swine fever virus genome and its inactivation in environmental samples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21560. [PMID: 34732758 PMCID: PMC8566511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is currently the most dangerous disease for the global pig industry, causing huge economic losses, due to the lack of effective vaccine or treatment. Only the early detection of ASF virus (ASFV) and proper biosecurity measures are effective to reduce the viral expansion. One of the most widely recognized risks as regards the introduction ASFV into a country is infected animals and contaminated livestock vehicles. In order to improve ASF surveillance, we have assessed the capacity for the detection and inactivation of ASFV genome by using Dry-Sponges (3 M) pre-hydrated with a new surfactant liquid. We sampled different surfaces in ASFV-contaminated facilities, including animal skins, and the results were compared to those obtained using a traditional sampling method. The surfactant liquid successfully inactivated the virus, while ASFV DNA was well preserved for the detection. This is an effective method to systematically recover ASFV DNA from different surfaces and skin, which has a key applied relevance in surveillance of vehicles transporting live animals and greatly improves animal welfare. This method provides an important basis for the detection of ASFV genome that can be assessed without the biosafety requirements of a BSL-3 laboratory at least in ASF-affected countries, which may substantially speed up the early detection of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kosowska
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sandra Barroso-Arévalo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rivera
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Two-Stage Anaerobic Codigestion of Crude Glycerol and Micro-Algal Biomass for Biohydrogen and Methane Production by Anaerobic Sludge Consortium. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of factors affecting biohydrogen production from the codigestion of crude glycerol and microalgal biomass by anaerobic sludge consortium was conducted. The experiments were designed by a response surface methodology with central composite design. The factors affecting the production of hydrogen were the concentrations of crude glycerol, microalgal biomass, and inoculum. The maximum hydrogen production (655.1 mL-H2/L) was achieved with 13.83 g/L crude glycerol, 23.1 g-VS/L microalgal biomass, and 10.3% (v/v) inoculum. The hydrogenic effluents obtained under low, high, and optimal conditions were further used as substrates for methane production. Methane production rates and methane yield of 868.7 mL-CH4/L and 2.95 mL-CH4/L-h were attained with the effluent produced under optimum conditions. The use of crude glycerol and microalgal biomass as cosubstrates had an antagonistic effect on biohydrogen production and a synergistic effect on methane fermentation. The two-stage process provided a more attractive solution, with a total energy of 1.27 kJ/g-VSadded, than the one-stage process.
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20
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Costa P, Usai G, Re A, Manfredi M, Mannino G, Bertea CM, Pessione E, Mazzoli R. Clostridium cellulovorans Proteomic Responses to Butanol Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:674639. [PMID: 34367082 PMCID: PMC8336468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.674639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of butanol-hyperproducing and hypertolerant phenotypes is essential for developing microbial strains suitable for industrial production of bio-butanol, one of the most promising liquid biofuels. Clostridium cellulovorans is among the microbial strains with the highest potential for direct production of n-butanol from lignocellulosic wastes, a process that would significantly reduce the cost of bio-butanol. However, butanol exhibits higher toxicity compared to ethanol and C. cellulovorans tolerance to this solvent is low. In the present investigation, comparative gel-free proteomics was used to study the response of C. cellulovorans to butanol challenge and understand the tolerance mechanisms activated in this condition. Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical fragment ion spectra Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS) analysis allowed identification and quantification of differentially expressed soluble proteins. The study data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD024183. The most important response concerned modulation of protein biosynthesis, folding and degradation. Coherent with previous studies on other bacteria, several heat shock proteins (HSPs), involved in protein quality control, were up-regulated such as the chaperones GroES (Cpn10), Hsp90, and DnaJ. Globally, our data indicate that protein biosynthesis is reduced, likely not to overload HSPs. Several additional metabolic adaptations were triggered by butanol exposure such as the up-regulation of V- and F-type ATPases (involved in ATP synthesis/generation of proton motive force), enzymes involved in amino acid (e.g., arginine, lysine, methionine, and branched chain amino acids) biosynthesis and proteins involved in cell envelope re-arrangement (e.g., the products of Clocel_4136, Clocel_4137, Clocel_4144, Clocel_4162 and Clocel_4352, involved in the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids) and a redistribution of carbon flux through fermentative pathways (acetate and formate yields were increased and decreased, respectively). Based on these experimental findings, several potential gene targets for metabolic engineering strategies aimed at improving butanol tolerance in C. cellulovorans are suggested. This includes overexpression of HSPs (e.g., GroES, Hsp90, DnaJ, ClpC), RNA chaperone Hfq, V- and F-type ATPases and a number of genes whose function in C. cellulovorans is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Costa
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Usai
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia Margherita Bertea
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Pessione
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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21
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Liao C, Ayansola H, Ma Y, Ito K, Guo Y, Zhang B. Advances in Enhanced Menaquinone-7 Production From Bacillus subtilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695526. [PMID: 34354987 PMCID: PMC8330505 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of nutraceutical compounds through biosynthetic approaches has received considerable attention in recent years. For example, Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a sub-type of Vitamin K2, biosynthesized from Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), proved to be more efficiently produced than the conventional chemical synthesis techniques. This is possible due to the development of B. subtilis as a chassis cell during the biosynthesis stages. Hence, it is imperative to provide insights on the B. subtilis membrane permeability modifications, biofilm reactors, and fermentation optimization as advanced techniques relevant to MK-7 production. Although the traditional gene-editing method of homologous recombination improves the biosynthetic pathway, CRISPR-Cas9 could potentially resolve the drawbacks of traditional genome editing techniques. For these reasons, future studies should explore the applications of CRISPRi (CRISPR interference) and CRISPRa (CRISPR activation) system gene-editing tools in the MK-7 anabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hammed Ayansola
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Food and Physiological Models, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Jansson AT, Patinvoh RJ, Taherzadeh MJ, Horváth IS. Effect of organic compounds on dry anaerobic digestion of food and paper industry wastes. Bioengineered 2021; 11:502-509. [PMID: 32303143 PMCID: PMC7185885 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1752594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of antimicrobial compounds on dry anaerobic digestion (dry-AD) processes were investigated. Four compounds with known inhibition effects on traditional wet digestion, i.e. car-3-ene, hexanal, 1-octanol and phenol were selected and investigated at concentrations of 0.005%, 0.05% and 0.5%. Food waste (FW) and Paper waste (PW) were used as model substrates, all assays were running with the substrate to inoculum ratio of 1:1 (VS basis) corresponding to 15% TS in reactors. Generally, increasing concentrations of inhibitors resulted in decreasing methane yields with a few exceptions; in all these specific cases, long, lag phase periods (60 days) were observed. These adaptation periods made possible for the microbial systems to acclimatize to otherwise not preferred conditions leading to higher methane yields. Comparing the effects of the four different groups, phenols had the highest inhibitory effects, with no methane production at the highest amount added, while the lowest effects were obtained in cases of car-3-ene. Furthermore, the results showed that adding inhibitors up to a certain concentrations can repair the balance in AD process, slowing down the degradation steps, hence making it possible for the methanogens to produce a higher amount of methane. This phenomenon was not observed in case of PW, which is already a slow degradable substrate in its nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette T Jansson
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.,Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Regina J Patinvoh
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
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23
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Santoscoy MC, Jarboe LR. A systematic framework for using membrane metrics for strain engineering. Metab Eng 2021; 66:98-113. [PMID: 33813035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane plays a central role in the fitness and performance of microbial cell factories and therefore it is an attractive engineering target. The goal of this work is to develop a systematic framework for identifying membrane features for use as engineering targets. The metrics that describe the composition of the membrane can be visualized as "knobs" that modulate various "outcomes", such as physical properties of the membrane and metabolic activity in the form of growth and productivity, with these relationships varying depending on the condition. We generated a set of strains with altered membrane lipid composition via expression of des, fabA and fabB and performed a rigorous characterization of these knobs and outcomes across several individual inhibitory conditions. Here, the knobs are the relative abundance of unsaturated lipids and lipids containing cyclic rings; the average lipid length, and the ratio of linear and non-linear lipids (L/nL ratio). The outcomes are membrane permeability, hydrophobicity, fluidity, and specific growth rate. This characterization identified significant correlations between knobs and outcomes that were specific to individual inhibitors, but also were significant across all tested conditions. For example, across all conditions, the L/nL ratio is positively correlated with the cell surface hydrophobicity, and the average lipid length is positively correlated with specific growth rate. A subsequent analysis of the data with the individual inhibitors identified pairs of lipid metrics and membrane properties that were predicted to impact cell growth in seven modeled scenarios with two or more inhibitors. The L/nL ratio and the membrane hydrophobicity were predicted to impact cell growth with the highest frequency. We experimentally validated this prediction in the combined condition of 42 °C, 2.5 mM furfural and 2% v/v ethanol in minimal media. Membrane hydrophobicity was confirmed to be a significant predictor of ethanol production. This work demonstrates that membrane physical properties can be used to predict the performance of biocatalysts in single and multiple inhibitory conditions, and possibly as an engineering target. In this manner, membrane properties can possibly be used as screening or selection metrics for library- or evolution-based strain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Santoscoy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Laura R Jarboe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Kommerein N, Weigel AJ, Stiesch M, Doll K. Plant-based oral care product exhibits antibacterial effects on different stages of oral multispecies biofilm development in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:170. [PMID: 33794846 PMCID: PMC8015205 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive biofilm formation on surfaces in the oral cavity is amongst the main reasons for severe infection development like periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Mechanical biofilm removal as well as the use of adjuvant antiseptics supports the prevention of pathogenic biofilm formation. Recently, the antibacterial effect of the oral care product REPHA-OS®, based on medicinal plant extracts and essential oils, has been demonstrated on oral pathogens grown on agar plates. In the present study, the effectiveness of the product on medical relevant oral biofilm development should be demonstrated for the first time. Methods An established in vitro oral multispecies biofilm, composed of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar and Porphyromonas gingivalis, was used to analyze the antibacterial effect of different REPHA-OS® concentrations on planktonic bacteria, biofilm formation and mature biofilms. It was quantified using metabolic activity assays and live/dead fluorescence staining combined with three-dimensional confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Additionally, effects on species distribution inside the biofilm were assessed by means of quantitative real-time PCR. Results REPHA-OS® showed statistically significant antimicrobial effects on all stages of biofilm development: a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5% could be detected for both, for planktonic bacteria and for biofilm formation. Interestingly, only a slightly higher concentration of 10% was necessary to completely kill all bacteria in mature biofilms also. In contrast, an influence on the biofilm matrix or the species distribution could not be observed. The effect could be attributed to the herbal ingredients, not to the contained ethanol. Conclusion The strong antibacterial effect of REPHA-OS® on different stages of oral biofilm development strengthens its application as an alternative adjuvant in oral care therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01504-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kommerein
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Almut Johanna Weigel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Doll
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Kleinwächter IS, Pannwitt S, Centi A, Hellmann N, Thines E, Bereau T, Schneider D. The Bacteriostatic Activity of 2-Phenylethanol Derivatives Correlates with Membrane Binding Affinity. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040254. [PMID: 33807437 PMCID: PMC8067230 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic tails of aliphatic primary alcohols do insert into the hydrophobic core of a lipid bilayer. Thereby, they disrupt hydrophobic interactions between the lipid molecules, resulting in a decreased lipid order, i.e., an increased membrane fluidity. While aromatic alcohols, such as 2-phenylethanol, also insert into lipid bilayers and disturb the membrane organization, the impact of aromatic alcohols on the structure of biological membranes, as well as the potential physiological implication of membrane incorporation has only been studied to a limited extent. Although diverse targets are discussed to be causing the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of 2-phenylethanol, it is clear that 2-phenylethanol severely affects the structure of biomembranes, which has been linked to its bacteriostatic activity. Yet, in fungi some 2-phenylethanol derivatives are also produced, some of which appear to also have bacteriostatic activities. We showed that the 2-phenylethanol derivatives phenylacetic acid, phenyllactic acid, and methyl phenylacetate, but not Tyrosol, were fully incorporated into model membranes and affected the membrane organization. Furthermore, we observed that the propensity of the herein-analyzed molecules to partition into biomembranes positively correlated with their respective bacteriostatic activity, which clearly linked the bacteriotoxic activity of the substances to biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel S. Kleinwächter
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (I.S.K.); (S.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Stefanie Pannwitt
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (I.S.K.); (S.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Alessia Centi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.C.); (T.B.)
| | - Nadja Hellmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (I.S.K.); (S.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Tristan Bereau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.C.); (T.B.)
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences and Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (I.S.K.); (S.P.); (N.H.)
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (A.C.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-39-25833; Fax: +49-6131-39-25348
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26
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García-Heredia A, Kado T, Sein CE, Puffal J, Osman SH, Judd J, Gray TA, Morita YS, Siegrist MS. Membrane-partitioned cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. eLife 2021; 10:e60263. [PMID: 33544079 PMCID: PMC7864634 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many antibiotics target the assembly of cell wall peptidoglycan, an essential, heteropolymeric mesh that encases most bacteria. In rod-shaped bacteria, cell wall elongation is spatially precise yet relies on limited pools of lipid-linked precursors that generate and are attracted to membrane disorder. By tracking enzymes, substrates, and products of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis, we show that precursors are made in plasma membrane domains that are laterally and biochemically distinct from sites of cell wall assembly. Membrane partitioning likely contributes to robust, orderly peptidoglycan synthesis, suggesting that these domains help template peptidoglycan synthesis. The cell wall-organizing protein DivIVA and the cell wall itself promote domain homeostasis. These data support a model in which the peptidoglycan polymer feeds back on its membrane template to maintain an environment conducive to directional synthesis. Our findings are applicable to rod-shaped bacteria that are phylogenetically distant from M. smegmatis, indicating that horizontal compartmentalization of precursors may be a general feature of bacillary cell wall biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam García-Heredia
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
| | - Takehiro Kado
- Department of Microbiology, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
| | - Caralyn E Sein
- Department of Microbiology, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
| | - Julia Puffal
- Department of Microbiology, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
| | - Sarah H Osman
- Department of Microbiology, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
| | - Julius Judd
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of HealthAlbanyUnited States
| | - Todd A Gray
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of HealthAlbanyUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at AlbanyAlbanyUnited States
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
| | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, University of MassachusettsAmherstUnited States
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27
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Feresin E, Kondratiuk M, Nowack J, Gooßen L. Handreinigung auf molekularer Ebene – Die Rolle der Solvatation. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Schalck T, den Bergh BV, Michiels J. Increasing Solvent Tolerance to Improve Microbial Production of Alcohols, Terpenoids and Aromatics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:249. [PMID: 33530454 PMCID: PMC7912173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuels and polymer precursors are widely used in daily life and in many industrial processes. Although these compounds are mainly derived from petrol, bacteria and yeast can produce them in an environment-friendly way. However, these molecules exhibit toxic solvent properties and reduce cell viability of the microbial producer which inevitably impedes high product titers. Hence, studying how product accumulation affects microbes and understanding how microbial adaptive responses counteract these harmful defects helps to maximize yields. Here, we specifically focus on the mode of toxicity of industry-relevant alcohols, terpenoids and aromatics and the associated stress-response mechanisms, encountered in several relevant bacterial and yeast producers. In practice, integrating heterologous defense mechanisms, overexpressing native stress responses or triggering multiple protection pathways by modifying the transcription machinery or small RNAs (sRNAs) are suitable strategies to improve solvent tolerance. Therefore, tolerance engineering, in combination with metabolic pathway optimization, shows high potential in developing superior microbial producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schalck
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.S.); (B.V.d.B.)
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van den Bergh
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.S.); (B.V.d.B.)
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.S.); (B.V.d.B.)
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Tian M, Wang ZY, Fu JY, Li HW, Zhang J, Zhang XF, Luo W, Lv PM. Crude glycerol impurities improve Rhizomucor miehei lipase production by Pichia pastoris. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:860-870. [PMID: 33439089 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1870135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, was employed as the carbon source to produce lipase using Pichia pastoris. Under identical fermentation conditions, cell growth and lipase activity were improved using crude glycerol instead of pure glycerol. The impacts of crude glycerol impurities (methyl ester, grease, glycerol, methanol, and metal ions Na+, Ca2+, and Fe3+) on lipase production were investigated. Impurities accelerated P. pastoris entering the stationary phase. Na+, Ca2+, and grease in waste crude glycerol were the main factors influencing higher lipase activity. Through response surface optimization of Ca2+, Na+, and grease concentrations, lipase activity reached 1437 U/mL (15,977 U/mg), which was 2.5 times that of the control. This study highlights the economical and highly efficient valorization of crude glycerol, demonstrating its possible utilization as a carbon source to produce lipase by P. pastoris without pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Feng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Mei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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30
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Zazulya A, Semkiv M, Dmytruk K, Sibirny A. Adaptive Evolution for the Improvement of Ethanol Production During Alcoholic Fermentation with the Industrial Strains of Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452720050059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Bonilla CY. Generally Stressed Out Bacteria: Environmental Stress Response Mechanisms in Gram-Positive Bacteria. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:126-133. [PMID: 32044998 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to monitor the environment for toxic chemical and physical disturbances is essential for bacteria that live in dynamic environments. The fundamental sensing mechanisms and physiological responses that allow bacteria to thrive are conserved even if the molecular components of these pathways are not. The bacterial general stress response (GSR) represents a conceptual model for how one pathway integrates a wide range of environmental signals, and how a generalized system with broad molecular responses is coordinated to promote survival likely through complementary pathways. Environmental stress signals such as heat, osmotic stress, and pH changes are received by sensor proteins that through a signaling cascade activate the sigma factor, SigB, to regulate over 200 genes. Additionally, the GSR plays an important role in stress priming that increases bacterial fitness to unrelated subsequent stressors such as oxidative compounds. While the GSR response is implicated during oxidative stress, the reason for its activation remains unknown and suggests crosstalk between environmental and oxidative stress sensors and responses to coordinate antioxidant functions. Systems levels studies of cellular responses such as transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes of stressed bacteria and single-cell analysis could shed light into the regulated functions that protect, remediate, and minimize damage during dynamic environments. This perspective will focus on fundamental stress sensing mechanisms and responses in Gram-positive bacterial species to illustrate their commonalities at the molecular and physiological levels; summarize exciting directions; and highlight how system-level approaches can help us understand bacterial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Y Bonilla
- Biology Department, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone Avenue, Spokane, WA 99258, USA
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32
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Singh D, Joshi K, Samuel A, Patra J, Mahindroo N. Alcohol-based hand sanitisers as first line of defence against SARS-CoV-2: a review of biology, chemistry and formulations. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e229. [PMID: 32988431 PMCID: PMC7550876 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious global public health issue. Since the start of the outbreak, the importance of hand-hygiene and respiratory protection to prevent the spread of the virus has been the prime focus for infection control. Health regulatory organisations have produced guidelines for the formulation of hand sanitisers to the manufacturing industries. This review summarises the studies on alcohol-based hand sanitisers and their disinfectant activity against SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. The literature shows that the type and concentration of alcohol, formulation and nature of product, presence of excipients, applied volume, contact time and viral contamination load are critical factors that determine the effectiveness of hand sanitisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Singh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via Premnagar, Dehradun248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - K. Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - A. Samuel
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Universita'Degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Savonarola, 9, 44121Ferrara, FE, Italy
| | - J. Patra
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via Premnagar, Dehradun248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - N. Mahindroo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via Premnagar, Dehradun248007, Uttarakhand, India
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33
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Yeh V, Goode A, Eastham G, Rambo RP, Inoue K, Doutch J, Bonev BB. Membrane Stability in the Presence of Methacrylate Esters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9649-9657. [PMID: 32202793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioproduction of poly(methyl methacrylate) is a fast growing global industry that is limited by cellular toxicity of monomeric methacrylate intermediates to the producer strains. Maintaining high methacrylate concentrations during biofermentation, required by economically viable technologies, challenges bacterial membrane stability and cellular viability. Studying the stability of model lipid membranes in the presence of methacrylates offers unique molecular insights into the mechanisms of methacrylate toxicity, as well as into the fundamental structural bases of membrane assembly. We investigate the structure and stability of model membranes in the presence of high levels of methacrylate esters using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Wide-line 31P NMR spectroscopy shows that butyl methacrylate (BMA) can be incorporated into the lipid bilayer at concentrations as high as 75 mol % without significantly disrupting membrane integrity and that lipid acyl chain composition can influence membrane tolerance and ability to accommodate BMA. Using high resolution 13C magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, we show that the presence of 75 mol % BMA lowers the lipid main transition temperature by over 12 degrees, which suggests that BMA intercalates between the lipid chains, causing uncoupling of collective lipid motions that are typically dominated by chain trans-gauche isomerization. Potential uncoupling of the bilayer leaflets to accommodate a separate BMA subphase was not supported by the SAXS experiments, which showed that membrane thickness remained unchanged even at 80% BMA. Reduced X-ray scattering contrast at the polar/apolar interface suggests BMA localization in that region between the lipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Yeh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Goode
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Eastham
- Lucite International, Wilton Centre, Wilton, Redcar TS10 4RF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P Rambo
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Katsuaki Inoue
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - James Doutch
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Boyan B Bonev
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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34
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Lee HJ, Kim HJ, Park DG, Jin KS, Chang JW, Lee HY. Mechanism for Transition of Reverse Cylindrical Micelles to Spherical Micelles Induced by Diverse Alcohols. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8174-8183. [PMID: 32597190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the effects of various alcohols on lecithin/CaCl2 organogels are investigated. Mixtures of lecithin and CaCl2 form reverse cylindrical micelles, resulting in optically transparent organogels. The addition of various alcohols to a mixture of lecithin and CaCl2 induces a decrease in viscosity through which reverse cylindrical micelles are transformed into spherical micelles (or short cylindrical micelles). Long-hydrocarbon-chain alcohols decrease the viscosity of lecithin/CaCl2 mixtures more efficiently. Hydrogen bonding and hydrocarbon chain interactions between lecithin and alcohol play important roles in the morphological transition. More importantly, isothermal titration calorimetry was conducted to obtain thermodynamic variables such as the enthalpy, equilibrium constant, Gibbs free energy, entropy, and stoichiometry of the associated molecules observed in the transition. It was found that the transition is an entropically driven process, in which the endothermic and exothermic behaviors were observed depending on the hydrocarbon chain length in the alcohol. In addition, the enthalpy for the association of the alcohol with lecithin showed a linear relationship depending on the hydrocarbon chain length, in which the magnitude of hydrogen bonding and hydrocarbon chain interactions was obtained quantitatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the thermodynamic properties of the morphological transition observed in a reverse self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Gyun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 80 Jigokro-127-beongil, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61, Daehak-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39177, Republic of Korea
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35
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Role of efflux in enhancing butanol tolerance of bacteria. J Biotechnol 2020; 320:17-27. [PMID: 32553531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-butanol, a valued solvent and potential fuel extender, could possibly be produced by fermentation using either native producers, i.e. solventogenic Clostridia, or engineered platform organisms such as Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas species, if the main process obstacle, a low final butanol concentration, could be overcome. A low final concentration of butanol is the result of its high toxicity to production cells. Nevertheless, bacteria have developed several mechanisms to cope with this toxicity and one of them is active butanol efflux. This review presents information about a few well characterized butanol efflux pumps from Gram-negative bacteria (P. putida and E. coli) and summarizes knowledge about putative butanol efflux systems in Gram-positive bacteria.
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36
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Mazzoli R, Olson D. Clostridium thermocellum: A microbial platform for high-value chemical production from lignocellulose. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 113:111-161. [PMID: 32948265 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Second generation biorefining, namely fermentation processes based on lignocellulosic feedstocks, has attracted tremendous interest (owing to the large availability and low cost of this biomass) as a strategy to produce biofuels and commodity chemicals that is an alternative to oil refining. However, the innate recalcitrance of lignocellulose has slowed progress toward economically viable processes. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), i.e., single-step fermentation of lignocellulose may dramatically reduce the current costs of 2nd generation biorefining. Metabolic engineering has been used as a tool to develop improved microbial strains supporting CBP. Clostridium thermocellum is among the most efficient cellulose degraders isolated so far and one of the most promising host organisms for application of CBP. The development of efficient and reliable genetic tools has allowed significant progress in metabolic engineering of this strain aimed at expanding the panel of growth substrates and improving the production of a number of commodity chemicals of industrial interest such as ethanol, butanol, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate and lactic acid. The present review aims to summarize recent developments in metabolic engineering of this organism which currently represents a reference model for the development of biocatalysts for 2nd generation biorefining.
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The isc gene cluster expression ethanol tolerance associated improves its ethanol production by organic acids flux redirection in the ethanologenic Escherichia coli KO11 strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:189. [PMID: 31748890 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fossil fuels consumption impacts the greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels are considered as alternative renewable energy sources to reduce the fossil fuels dependency. Bioethanol produced by recombinant microorganisms is a widely suggested alternative to increase the yield in fermentation processes. However, ethanol and acetate accumulation under the fermentation process had been described as important stressors for the metabolic capabilities of the microorganisms, stopping the fermentation process and affecting the ethanol yield. Ethanol tolerance is a determining factor in the improvement of fermentative properties of microorganisms; however understanding of ethanol tolerance is limited. The engineered Escherichia coli KO11 strain has been studied in detail and used as an ethanologenic bacteria model. The strain is capable of using glucose and xylose for an efficient ethanol yield. In the current work, the effect of the iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) over-expression in the KO11 strain, on its tolerance and ethanol yield, was evaluated. Fatty acids profiles of membrane phospholipids in the E. coli KO11 were modified under ethanol addition, but not due to the hscA mutation. The hscA mutation provoked a decrease in ethanol tolerance in the Kmp strain when was grown with 2% ethanol, in comparison to KO11 parent strain. Ethanol tolerance was improved in the mutant Kmp complemented with the recombinant isc gene cluster (pJC10 plasmid) from LD50 2.16% to LD50 3.8% ethanol. In batch fermentation on 1 L bioreactor using mineral medium with glucose (120 g/L), the KO11 strain showed ethanol production efficiencies of ~ 76.9%, while the hscA mutant (Kmp) ~ 75.4% and the transformed strain Kmp(pJC10) showed ~ 92.4% efficiency. Ethanol amount increase in the engineered Kmp(pJC10) strain was correlated with less organic acids (such as acetate and lactate) production in the fermentation medium (2.3 g/L), compared to that in the KO11 (17.05 g/L) and the Kmp (16.62 g/L). Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was increased ~ 350% in the transformed Kmp(pJC10) strain, whereas in the Kmp mutant, the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), pyruvate kinase (PYK), and ADH activities were diminished, comparing to KO11. The results suggest that the isc system over-expression in the ethanologenic E. coli KO11 strain, increases ethanol yield mainly by improving ethanol tolerance and ADH activity, and by redirecting the metabolic flux from acetate synthesis to ethanol.
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38
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Liu S, Skory C, Liang X, Mills D, Qureshi N. Increased ethanol tolerance associated with the pntAB locus of Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus buchneri. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1547-1556. [PMID: 31289974 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus buchneri and Oenococcus oeni are two unique ethanol-tolerant Gram-positive bacteria species. Genome comparison analyses revealed that L. buchneri and O. oeni possess a pntAB locus that was absent in almost all other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) genomes. Our hypothesis is that the pntAB locus contributes to the ethanol tolerance trait of these two distinct ethanol-tolerant organisms. The pntAB locus, consisting of the pntA and pntB genes, codes for NADP(H) transhydrogenase subunits. This membrane-bound transhydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of NADP+ and is known as an important enzyme in maintaining cellular redox balance. In this study, the transhydrogenase operon from L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 and O. oeni PSU-1 were cloned and analyzed. The LbpntB shared 71.0% identity with the O. oeni (OopntB). The entire pntAB locus was expressed in Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 resulting in an increased tolerance to ethanol (6%), butanol (1.8%) and isopropanol (1.8%) when compared to the control strain. However, the recombinant E. coli cells carrying the entire pntAB locus did not show any improved ethanol tolerance. Independent expression of OopntB and LbpntB in recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS host demonstrated higher tolerance to ethanol when compared with a control E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS strain carrying pET28b vector. Ethanol tolerance comparison of E. coli strains carrying LbpntB and OopntB showed that LbpntB conferred higher ethanol tolerance (4.5%) and resulted in greater biomass, while the OopntB conferred lower ethanol tolerance (4.0%) resulted lower biomass. Therefore, the pntB gene from L. buchneri is a better choice in generating higher ethanol tolerance. This is the first study to uncover the role of pntAB locus on ethanol tolerance.
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Walker C, Ryu S, Trinh CT. Exceptional solvent tolerance in Yarrowia lipolytica is enhanced by sterols. Metab Eng 2019; 54:83-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Eberlein C, Starke S, Doncel ÁE, Scarabotti F, Heipieper HJ. Quantification of outer membrane vesicles: a potential tool to compare response in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to stress caused by alkanols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4193-4201. [PMID: 30972462 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is an important physiological mechanism of Gram-negative bacteria playing numerous key roles. One function of the release of OMVs is related to an increase in surface hydrophobicity. This phenomenon initiates biofilm formation, making bacteria more tolerant to environmental stressors. Recently, it was qualitatively shown for Pseudomonas putida that vesicle formation plays a crucial role in multiple stress responses. Yet, no quantification of OMVs for certain stress scenarios has been conducted. In this study, it is shown that the quantification of OMVs can serve as a simple and feasible tool, which allows a comparison of vesicle yields for different experimental setups, cell densities, and environmental stressors. Moreover, the obtained results provide insight to the underlying mechanism of vesicle formation as it was observed that n-alkanols, with a chain length of C7 and longer, caused a distinct and steep increase in vesiculation (12-19-fold), compared to shorter chain n-alkanols (2-4-fold increase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Eberlein
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Starke
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Álvaro Escobar Doncel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francesco Scarabotti
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Physiological, Genetic, and Transcriptomic Analysis of Alcohol-Induced Delay of Escherichia coli Death. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02113-18. [PMID: 30389772 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02113-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When Escherichia coli K-12 is inoculated into rich medium in batch culture, cells experience five phases. While the lag and logarithmic phases are mechanistically fairly well defined, the stationary phase, death phase, and long-term stationary phase are less well understood. Here, we characterize a mechanism of delaying death, a phenomenon we call the "alcohol effect," where the addition of small amounts of certain alcohols prolongs stationary phase for at least 10 days longer than in untreated conditions. We show that the stationary phase is extended when ethanol is added above a minimum threshold concentration. Once ethanol levels fall below a threshold concentration, cells enter the death phase. We also show that the effect is conferred by the addition of straight-chain alcohols 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and, to a lesser degree, 1-hexanol. However, methanol, isopropanol, 1-heptanol, and 1-octanol do not delay entry into death phase. Though modulated by RpoS, the alcohol effect does not require RpoS activity or the activities of the AdhE or AdhP alcohol dehydrogenases. Further, we show that ethanol is capable of extending the life span of stationary-phase cultures for non-K-12 E. coli strains and that this effect is caused in part by genes of the glycolate degradation pathway. These data suggest a model where ethanol and other shorter 1-alcohols can serve as signaling molecules, perhaps by modulating patterns of gene expression that normally regulate the transition from stationary phase to death phase.IMPORTANCE In one of the most well-studied organisms in the life sciences, Escherichia coli, we still do not fully understand what causes populations to die. This is largely due to the technological difficulties of studying bacterial cell death. This study provides an avenue to studying how and why E. coli populations, and perhaps other microbes, transition from stationary phase to death phase by exploring how ethanol and other alcohols delay the onset of death. Here, we demonstrate that alcohols are acting as signaling molecules to achieve the delay in death phase. This study not only offers a better understanding of a fundamental process but perhaps also provides a gateway to studying the dynamics between ethanol and microbes in the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Genotype-by-Environment-by-Environment Interactions in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Transcriptomic Response to Alcohols and Anaerobiosis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3881-3890. [PMID: 30301737 PMCID: PMC6288825 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Next generation biofuels including longer-chain alcohols such as butanol are attractive as renewable, high-energy fuels. A barrier to microbial production of butanols is the increased toxicity compared to ethanol; however, the cellular targets and microbial defense mechanisms remain poorly understood, especially under anaerobic conditions used frequently in industry. Here we took a comparative approach to understand the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 1-butanol, isobutanol, or ethanol, across three genetic backgrounds of varying tolerance in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We find that strains have different growth properties and alcohol tolerances with and without oxygen availability, as well as unique and common responses to each of the three alcohols. Our results provide evidence for strain-by-alcohol-by-oxygen interactions that moderate how cells respond to alcohol stress.
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Horinouchi T, Maeda T, Furusawa C. Understanding and engineering alcohol-tolerant bacteria using OMICS technology. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:157. [PMID: 30341456 PMCID: PMC6208762 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbes are capable of producing alcohols, making them an important source of alternative energy that can replace fossil fuels. However, these alcohols can be toxic to the microbes themselves, retaring or inhibiting cell growth and decreasing the production yield. One solution is improving the alcohol tolerance of such alcohol-producing organisms. Advances in omics technologies, including transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and genomic technologies, have helped us understand the complex mechanisms underlying alcohol toxicity, and such advances could assist in devising strategies for engineering alcohol-tolerant strains. This review highlights these advances and discusses strategies for improving alcohol tolerance using omics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Horinouchi
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Maeda
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Chikara Furusawa
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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44
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Vinayavekhin N, Vangnai AS. The effects of disruption in membrane lipid biosynthetic genes on 1-butanol tolerance of Bacillus subtilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9279-9289. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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45
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Luo J, Song Z, Ning J, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Cui F, Shen Y, Wang M. The ethanol-induced global alteration in Arthrobacter simplex and its mutants with enhanced ethanol tolerance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9331-9350. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Zhou N, Bottagisi S, Katz M, Schacherer J, Friedrich A, Gojkovic Z, Swamy KBS, Knecht W, Compagno C, Piškur J. Yeast-bacteria competition induced new metabolic traits through large-scale genomic rearrangements in Lachancea kluyveri. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 17:4064365. [PMID: 28910985 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale chromosomal rearrangements are an important source of evolutionary novelty that may have reshaped the genomes of existing yeast species. They dramatically alter genome organization and gene expression fueling a phenotypic leap in response to environmental constraints. Although the emergence of such signatures of genetic diversity is thought to be associated with human exploitation of yeasts, less is known about the driving forces operating in natural habitats. Here we hypothesize that an ecological battlefield characteristic of every autumn when fruits ripen accounts for the genomic innovations in natural populations. We described a long-term cross-kingdom competition experiment between Lachancea kluyveri and five species of bacteria. Now, we report how we further subjected the same yeast to a sixth species of bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, resulting in the appearance of a fixed and stably inherited large-scale genomic rearrangement in two out of three parallel evolution lines. The 'extra-banded' karyotype, characterized by a higher fitness and an elevated fermentative capacity, conferred the emergence of new metabolic traits in most carbon sources and osmolytes. We tracked down the event to a duplication and translocation event involving a 261-kb segment. Such an experimental setup described here is an attractive method for developing industrial strains without genetic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P Bag 16, 00267 Palapye, Botswana
| | - Samuele Bottagisi
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael Katz
- Carlsberg Laboratories, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Joseph Schacherer
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Friedrich
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Microbiology, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7156, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Zoran Gojkovic
- Carlsberg Laboratories, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Krishna B S Swamy
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden.,Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jure Piškur
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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Lupino KM, Romano KA, Simons MJ, Gregg JT, Panepinto L, Cruz GM, Grajek L, Caputo GA, Hickman MJ, Hecht GB. A Recurrent Silent Mutation Implicates fecA in Ethanol Tolerance by Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29669516 PMCID: PMC5907409 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An issue associated with efficient bioethanol production is the fact that the desired product is toxic to the biocatalyst. Among other effects, ethanol has previously been found to influence the membrane of E. coli in a dose-dependent manner and induce changes in the lipid composition of the plasma membrane. We describe here the characterization of a collection of ethanol-tolerant strains derived from the ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain FBR5. Results Membrane permeability assays indicate that many of the strains in the collection have alterations in membrane permeability and/or responsiveness of the membrane to environmental changes such as temperature shifts or ethanol exposure. However, analysis of the strains by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed no qualitative changes in the acyl chain composition of membrane lipids in response to ethanol or temperature. To determine whether these strains contain any mutations that might contribute to ethanol tolerance or changes in membrane permeability, we sequenced the entire genome of each strain. Unexpectedly, none of the strains displayed mutations in genes known to control membrane lipid synthesis, and a few strains carried no mutations at all. Interestingly, we found that four independently-isolated strains acquired an identical C → A (V244 V) silent mutation in the ferric citrate transporter gene fecA. Further, we demonstrated that either a deletion of fecA or over-expression of fecA can confer increased ethanol survival, suggesting that any misregulation of fecA expression affects the cellular response to ethanol. Conclusions The fact that no mutations were observed in several ethanol-tolerant strains suggested that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in E. coli ethanol tolerance and membrane permeability. Our data also represent the first direct phenotypic evidence that the fecA gene plays a role in ethanol tolerance. We propose that the recurring silent mutation may exert an effect on phenotype by altering RNA-mediated regulation of fecA expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1180-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Lupino
- Center of Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Kymberleigh A Romano
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Matthew J Simons
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John T Gregg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Leanna Panepinto
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Ghislaine M Cruz
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Lauren Grajek
- Revlon Research Center, Edison, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Mark J Hickman
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gregory B Hecht
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
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48
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Ben Mouhoub R, El May A, Boujezza I, Sethom MM, Feki M, Landoulsi A. Viability and membrane lipid composition under a 57mT static magnetic field in Salmonella Hadar. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 122:134-141. [PMID: 29627665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to demonstrate the effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) with an induction 12 equal to 57mT on the viability and membrane lipid composition of Salmonella Hadar. Results showed an increase in the viability of exposed bacteria compared to controls after 9h of exposure. Analysis with gas chromatography of total lipids (TLs) and different fractions of phospholipids: phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and cardiolipins (CLs), separated by thin layer chromatography revealed changes in fatty acid levels during exposure. For TLs, the unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio (UFAs/SFAs) had significantly increased after 9 h of exposure. The variation of this ratio seems to be essentially due to the increase of the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids with 18 carbons, in particular C18:1. The analyses of fatty acid composition carried out on the scale of each fraction of phospholipids showed that CLs contributed significantly to the increase of the proportion of the unsaturated fatty acids between 6 and 9h of exposure thanks to their unsaturated chains with 18 carbons (especially C18:2). CLs appear to be the main phospholipid involved in the adaptation of S. Hadar membranes to the SMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Ben Mouhoub
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Code UR13ES34 Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Carthage University, Tunisia.
| | - Alya El May
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Code UR13ES34 Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Carthage University, Tunisia
| | - Imen Boujezza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Code UR13ES34 Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Carthage University, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Marouen Sethom
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, CHU La Rabta, Laboratoire de Biochimie, LR99ES11, Jebbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, CHU La Rabta, Laboratoire de Biochimie, LR99ES11, Jebbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Code UR13ES34 Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Carthage University, Tunisia
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Pinu FR, Granucci N, Daniell J, Han TL, Carneiro S, Rocha I, Nielsen J, Villas-Boas SG. Metabolite secretion in microorganisms: the theory of metabolic overflow put to the test. Metabolomics 2018; 14:43. [PMID: 30830324 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbial cells secrete many metabolites during growth, including important intermediates of the central carbon metabolism. This has not been taken into account by researchers when modeling microbial metabolism for metabolic engineering and systems biology studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The uptake of metabolites by microorganisms is well studied, but our knowledge of how and why they secrete different intracellular compounds is poor. The secretion of metabolites by microbial cells has traditionally been regarded as a consequence of intracellular metabolic overflow. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide evidence based on time-series metabolomics data that microbial cells eliminate some metabolites in response to environmental cues, independent of metabolic overflow. Moreover, we review the different mechanisms of metabolite secretion and explore how this knowledge can benefit metabolic modeling and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana R Pinu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Ninna Granucci
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Daniell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- LanzaTech, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
| | - Ting-Li Han
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sonia Carneiro
- Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rocha
- Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 10, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Silas G Villas-Boas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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50
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Vaňousová K, Beranová J, Fišer R, Jemioła-Rzemińska M, Matyska Lišková P, Cybulski L, Strzałka K, Konopásek I. Membrane fluidization by alcohols inhibits DesK-DesR signalling in Bacillus subtilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:718-727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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