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Lv J, Zhou F, Wei Q, Long X, Tian W, Zhai J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wan D. An alternative 3' splice site of PeuHKT1;3 improves the response to salt stress through enhancing affinity to K + in Populus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108776. [PMID: 38843683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) serves as a crucial post-transcriptional regulator in plants that contributes to the resistance to salt stress. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this research, we identified an important AS transcript in Populus euphratica, PeuHKT1:3a, generated by alternative 3' splice site splicing mode that resulted in the removal of 252 bases at the 5' end of the first exon in PeuHKT1:3. Protein sequence comparison showed that the site of AS occurred in PeuHKT1:3 is located at a crucial Ser residue within the first pore-loop domain, which leads to inefficient K+ transport in HKT I-type transporters. Expressing PeuHKT1;3a in an axt3 mutant yeast strain can effectively compensate for the lack of intracellular K+, whereas the expression of PeuHKT1;3 cannot yield the effect. Furthermore, in transgenic Arabidopsis and poplar plants, it was observed that lines expressing PeuHKT1;3a exhibited greater salt tolerance compared to those expressing the PeuHKT1;3 strain. Analysis of ion content and flux demonstrated that the transgenic PeuHKT1;3a line exhibited significantly higher K+ content compared to the PeuHKT1;3 line, while there was no significant difference in Na+ content. In conclusion, our findings revealed that AS can give rise to novel variants of HKT I-type proteins in P. euphratica with modified K+ selectivity to keep a higher K+/Na+ ratio to enhanced salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- College of Life and Health, Zhengzhou Technical College, Zhengzhou 450121, China.
| | - Qianqian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Wenjing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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2
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Salazar OR, Chen K, Melino VJ, Reddy MP, Hřibová E, Čížková J, Beránková D, Arciniegas Vega JP, Cáceres Leal LM, Aranda M, Jaremko L, Jaremko M, Fedoroff NV, Tester M, Schmöckel SM. SOS1 tonoplast neo-localization and the RGG protein SALTY are important in the extreme salinity tolerance of Salicornia bigelovii. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4279. [PMID: 38769297 PMCID: PMC11106269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of genes involved in salinity tolerance has primarily focused on model plants and crops. However, plants naturally adapted to highly saline environments offer valuable insights into tolerance to extreme salinity. Salicornia plants grow in coastal salt marshes, stimulated by NaCl. To understand this tolerance, we generated genome sequences of two Salicornia species and analyzed the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of Salicornia bigelovii to NaCl. Subcellular membrane proteomes reveal that SbiSOS1, a homolog of the well-known SALT-OVERLY-SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1) protein, appears to localize to the tonoplast, consistent with subcellular localization assays in tobacco. This neo-localized protein can pump Na+ into the vacuole, preventing toxicity in the cytosol. We further identify 11 proteins of interest, of which SbiSALTY, substantially improves yeast growth on saline media. Structural characterization using NMR identified it as an intrinsically disordered protein, localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum in planta, where it can interact with ribosomes and RNA, stabilizing or protecting them during salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio R Salazar
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ke Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Vanessa J Melino
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muppala P Reddy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva Hřibová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čížková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Beránková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Pablo Arciniegas Vega
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina María Cáceres Leal
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Aranda
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nina V Fedoroff
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16801, US
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sandra M Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Zeng P, Xie T, Shen J, Liang T, Yin L, Liu K, He Y, Chen M, Tang H, Chen S, Shabala S, Zhang H, Cheng J. Potassium transporter OsHAK9 regulates seed germination under salt stress by preventing gibberellin degradation through mediating OsGA2ox7 in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:731-748. [PMID: 38482956 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity has a major impact on rice seed germination, severely limiting rice production. Herein, a rice germination defective mutant under salt stress (gdss) was identified by using chemical mutagenesis. The GDSS gene was detected via MutMap and shown to encode potassium transporter OsHAK9. Phenotypic analysis of complementation and mutant lines demonstrated that OsHAK9 was an essential regulator responsible for seed germination under salt stress. OsHAK9 is highly expressed in germinating seed embryos. Ion contents and non-invasive micro-test technology results showed that OsHAK9 restricted K+ efflux in salt-exposed germinating seeds for the balance of K+/Na+. Disruption of OsHAK9 significantly reduced gibberellin 4 (GA4) levels, and the germination defective phenotype of oshak9a was partly rescued by exogenous GA3 treatment under salt stress. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the disruption of OsHAK9 improved the GA-deactivated gene OsGA2ox7 expression in germinating seeds under salt stress, and the expression of OsGA2ox7 was significantly inhibited by salt stress. Null mutants of OsGA2ox7 created using clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 approach displayed a dramatically increased seed germination ability under salt stress. Overall, our results highlight that OsHAK9 regulates seed germination performance under salt stress involving preventing GA degradation by mediating OsGA2ox7, which provides a novel clue about the relationship between GA and OsHAKs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Ting Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaxin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Taokai Liang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Lu Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haijuan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sunlu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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4
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Gámez-Arjona F, Park HJ, García E, Aman R, Villalta I, Raddatz N, Carranco R, Ali A, Ali Z, Zareen S, De Luca A, Leidi EO, Daniel-Mozo M, Xu ZY, Albert A, Kim WY, Pardo JM, Sánchez-Rodriguez C, Yun DJ, Quintero FJ. Inverse regulation of SOS1 and HKT1 protein localization and stability by SOS3/CBL4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320657121. [PMID: 38386704 PMCID: PMC10907282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320657121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To control net sodium (Na+) uptake, Arabidopsis plants utilize the plasma membrane (PM) Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 to achieve Na+ efflux at the root and Na+ loading into the xylem, and the channel-like HKT1;1 protein that mediates the reverse flux of Na+ unloading off the xylem. Together, these opposing transport systems govern the partition of Na+ within the plant yet they must be finely co-regulated to prevent a futile cycle of xylem loading and unloading. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis SOS3 protein acts as the molecular switch governing these Na+ fluxes by favoring the recruitment of SOS1 to the PM and its subsequent activation by the SOS2/SOS3 kinase complex under salt stress, while commanding HKT1;1 protein degradation upon acute sodic stress. SOS3 achieves this role by direct and SOS2-independent binding to previously unrecognized functional domains of SOS1 and HKT1;1. These results indicate that roots first retain moderate amounts of salts to facilitate osmoregulation, yet when sodicity exceeds a set point, SOS3-dependent HKT1;1 degradation switches the balance toward Na+ export out of the root. Thus, SOS3 functionally links and co-regulates the two major Na+ transport systems operating in vascular plants controlling plant tolerance to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gámez-Arjona
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul05029, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju61186, Korea
| | - Elena García
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irene Villalta
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, Université de Tours, Tours37200, France
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Raul Carranco
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul05029, South Korea
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Zareen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul05029, South Korea
| | - Anna De Luca
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Eduardo O. Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville41012, Spain
| | - Miguel Daniel-Mozo
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28006, Spain
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Armando Albert
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28006, Spain
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju660-701, South Korea
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Clara Sánchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón28223, Spain
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul05029, South Korea
| | - Francisco J. Quintero
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
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5
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Amo J, Martínez-Martínez A, Martínez V, Rubio F, Nieves-Cordones M. Relevance of the SlCIPK23 kinase in Na + uptake and root morphology in K +-starved tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108373. [PMID: 38266564 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Na+ as a substitute for K+ have been well-documented at the physiological level. However, the transport systems and regulatory mechanisms that allow Na+ acquisition under K+ deficiency remain poorly understood in the majority of land plants. In tomato, SlCIPK23 kinase was involved in Na+ accumulation in K+-starved plants, in addition to activating the LKT1 K+ channel and the K+ transporter SlHAK5. We used the central role of SlCIPK23 in K+ and Na+ acquisition to study which molecular entities mediate Na+ uptake with knockout tomato mutants and expression in heterologous systems. Two main pathways for Na+ uptake were deduced in tomato plants: an NH4+-sensitive pathway dependent on SlCIPK23, and a second one sensitive to Ba2+, Ca2+, La3+, and Li+. The addition of Na+ (10 mM) to lkt1, slhak5, or slcipk23 mutant KO lines produced interesting changes in root morphology. In particular, the roots of slcipk23 plants were longer and lighter than those of the WT under K+-deficient conditions and this effect was reversed by the addition of 10 mM Na+. These results provide a stimulating perspective for the study of the beneficial effects of Na+ in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura- CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
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6
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Aguilella M, Garciadeblás B, Fernández Pacios L, Benito B. Phylogenetic and Structure-Function Analyses of ENA ATPases: A Case Study of the ENA1 Protein from the Fungus Neurospora crassa. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:514. [PMID: 38203685 PMCID: PMC10779151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
ENA transporters are a group of P-type ATPases that are characterized by actively moving Na+ or K+ out of the cell against their concentration gradient. The existence of these transporters was initially attributed to some fungi, although more recently they have also been identified in mosses, liverworts, and some protozoa. Given the current increase in the number of organisms whose genomes are completely sequenced, we set out to expand our knowledge about the existence of ENA in organisms belonging to other phylogenetic groups. For that, a hidden Markov model profile was constructed to identify homologous sequences to ENA proteins in protein databases. This analysis allowed us to identify the existence of ENA-type ATPases in the most primitive groups of fungi, as well as in other eukaryotic organisms not described so far. In addition, this study has allowed the identification of a possible new group of P-ATPases, initially proposed as ENA but which maintain phylogenetic distances with these proteins. Finally, this work has also addressed this study of the structure of ENA proteins, which remained unknown due to the lack of crystallographic data. For this purpose, a 3D structure prediction of the NcENA1 protein of the fungus Neurospora crassa was performed using AlphaFold2 software v2.3.1. From this structure, the electrostatic potential of the protein was analyzed. With all these data, the protein regions and the amino acids involved in the transport of Na+ or K+ ions across the membrane were proposed for the first time. Targeted mutagenesis of some of these residues has confirmed their relevant participation in the transport function of ENA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Aguilella
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Blanca Garciadeblás
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Fernández Pacios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhou J, Ni X, Wang Q, Jia Y, Xu X, Wu H, Fu P, Wen H, Guo Y, Yang G. Structural basis for the activity regulation of Salt Overly Sensitive 1 in Arabidopsis salt tolerance. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1915-1923. [PMID: 37884652 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is crucial for plant salt tolerance. Unlike typical sodium/proton exchangers, SOS1 contains a large cytoplasmic domain (CPD) that regulates Na+/H+ exchange activity. However, the underlying modulation mechanism remains unclear. Here we report the structures of SOS1 from Arabidopsis thaliana in two conformations, primarily differing in CPD flexibility. The CPD comprises an interfacial domain, a cyclic nucleotide-binding domain-like domain (CNBD-like domain) and an autoinhibition domain. Through yeast cell-based Na+ tolerance test, we reveal the regulatory role of the interfacial domain and the activation role of the CNBD-like domain. The CPD forms a negatively charged cavity that is connected to the ion binding site. The transport of Na+ may be coupled with the conformational change of CPD. These findings provide structural and functional insight into SOS1 activity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuping Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yutian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wen
- DP Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Rombolá-Caldentey B, Mendoza I, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Structure-Guided Identification of Critical Residues in the Vacuolar Cation/Proton Antiporter NHX1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2778. [PMID: 37570932 PMCID: PMC10421325 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cation/Proton Antiporters (CPA) acting in all biological membranes regulate the volume and pH of cells and of intracellular organelles. A key issue with these proteins is their structure-function relationships since they present intrinsic regulatory features that rely on structural determinants, including pH sensitivity and the stoichiometry of ion exchange. Crystal structures are only available for prokaryotic CPA, whereas the eukaryotic ones have been modeled using the former as templates. Here, we present an updated and improved structural model of the tonoplast-localized K+, Na+/H+ antiporter NHX1 of Arabidopsis as a representative of the vacuolar NHX family that is essential for the accumulation of K+ into plant vacuoles. Conserved residues that were judged as functionally important were mutated, and the resulting protein variants were tested for activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results indicate that residue N184 in the ND-motif characteristic of CPA1 could be replaced by the DD-motif of CPA2 family members with minimal consequences for their activity. Attempts to alter the electroneutrality of AtNHX1 by different combinations of amino acid replacements at N184, R353 and R390 residues resulted in inactive or partly active proteins with a differential ability to control the vacuolar pH of the yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis, cicCartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (I.M.); (F.J.Q.)
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9
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Haro R, Lanza M, Aguilella M, Sanz-García E, Benito B. The transportome of the endophyte Serendipita indica in free life and symbiosis with Arabidopsis and its expression in moderate salinity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191255. [PMID: 37405164 PMCID: PMC10315484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serendipita indica is an endophytic root symbiont fungus that enhances the growth of various plants under different stress conditions, including salinity. Here, the functional characterization of two fungal Na+/H+ antiporters, SiNHA1 and SiNHX1 has been carried out to study their putative role in saline tolerance. Although their gene expression does not respond specifically to saline conditions, they could contribute, together with the previously characterized Na+ efflux systems SiENA1 and SiENA5, to relieve Na+ from the S. indica cytosol under this stressed condition. In parallel, an in-silico study has been carried out to define its complete transportome. To further investigate the repertoire of transporters expressed in free-living cells of S. indica and during plant infection under saline conditions, a comprehensive RNA-seq approach was taken. Interestingly, SiENA5 was the only gene significantly induced under free-living conditions in response to moderate salinity at all the tested time points, revealing that it is one of the main salt-responsive genes of S. indica. In addition, the symbiosis with Arabidopsis thaliana also induced SiENA5 gene expression, but significant changes were only detected after long periods of infection, indicating that the association with the plant somehow buffers and protects the fungus against the external stress. Moreover, the significant and strongest induction of the homologous gene SiENA1 occurred during symbiosis, regardless the exposure to salinity. The obtained results suggest a novel and relevant role of these two proteins during the establishment and maintenance of fungus-plant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Haro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Lanza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Aguilella
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenio Sanz-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Papoušková K, Gómez M, Kodedová M, Ramos J, Zimmermannová O, Sychrová H. Heterologous expression reveals unique properties of Trk K + importers from nonconventional biotechnologically relevant yeast species together with their potential to support Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. Yeast 2023; 40:68-83. [PMID: 36539385 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trk1 is the main K+ importer. It is involved in many important physiological processes, such as the maintenance of ion homeostasis, cell volume, intracellular pH, and plasma-membrane potential. The ScTrk1 protein can be of great interest to industry, as it was shown that changes in its activity influence ethanol production and tolerance in S. cerevisiae and also cell performance in the presence of organic acids or high ammonium under low K+ conditions. Nonconventional yeast species are attracting attention due to their unique properties and as a potential source of genes that encode proteins with unusual characteristics. In this work, we aimed to study and compare Trk proteins from Debaryomyces hansenii, Hortaea werneckii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Yarrowia lipolytica, four biotechnologically relevant yeasts that tolerate various extreme environments. Heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae cells lacking the endogenous Trk importers revealed differences in the studied Trk proteins' abilities to support the growth of cells under various cultivation conditions such as low K+ or the presence of toxic cations, to reduce plasma-membrane potential or to take up Rb+ . Examination of the potential of Trks to support the stress resistance of S. cerevisiae wild-type strains showed that Y. lipolytica Trk1 is a promising tool for improving cell tolerance to both low K+ and high salt and that the overproduction of S. cerevisiae's own Trk1 was the most efficient at improving the growth of cells in the presence of highly toxic Li+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Papoušková
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marcos Gómez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marie Kodedová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - José Ramos
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Olga Zimmermannová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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11
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Höler S, Degreif D, Stix F, Yang S, Gao S, Nagel G, Moroni A, Thiel G, Bertl A, Rauh O. Tailoring baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for functional testing of channelrhodopsin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280711. [PMID: 37053213 PMCID: PMC10101416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) and its variants are the most frequent tools for remote manipulation of electrical properties in cells via light. Ongoing attempts try to enlarge their functional spectrum with respect to ion selectivity, light sensitivity and protein trafficking by mutations, protein engineering and environmental mining of ChR2 variants. A shortcoming in the required functional testing of large numbers of ChR2 variants is the lack of an easy screening system. Baker's yeast, which was successfully employed for testing ion channels from eukaryotes has not yet been used for screening of ChR2s, because they neither produce the retinal chromophore nor its precursor carotenoids. We found that addition of retinal to the external medium was not sufficient for detecting robust ChR activity in yeast in simple growth assays. This obstacle was overcome by metabolic engineering of a yeast strain, which constitutively produces retinal. In proof of concept experiments we functionally express different ChR variants in these cells and monitor their blue light induced activity in simple growth assays. We find that light activation of ChR augments an influx of Na+ with a consequent inhibition of cell growth. In a K+ uptake deficient yeast strain, growth can be rescued in selective medium by the blue light induced K+ conductance of ChR. This yeast strain can now be used as chassis for screening of new functional ChR variants and mutant libraries in simple yeast growth assays under defined selective conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Höler
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Degreif
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florentine Stix
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shang Yang
- Institute of Physiology-Neurophysiology, Biocentre, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Institute of Physiology-Neurophysiology, Biocentre, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Institute of Physiology-Neurophysiology, Biocentre, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences and CNR IBF-Mi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gerhard Thiel
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adam Bertl
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Oliver Rauh
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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12
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Kulik N, Kale D, Spurna K, Shamayeva K, Hauser F, Milic S, Janout H, Zayats V, Jacak J, Ludwig J. Dimerisation of the Yeast K + Translocation Protein Trk1 Depends on the K + Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010398. [PMID: 36613841 PMCID: PMC9820094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Trk1, a member of the superfamily of K-transporters (SKT), is the main K+ uptake system under conditions when its concentration in the environment is low. Structurally, Trk1 is made up of four domains, each similar and homologous to a K-channel α subunit. Because most K-channels are proteins containing four channel-building α subunits, Trk1 could be functional as a monomer. However, related SKT proteins TrkH and KtrB were crystallised as dimers, and for Trk1, a tetrameric arrangement has been proposed based on molecular modelling. Here, based on Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation experiments and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy combined with molecular modelling; we provide evidence that Trk1 can exist in the yeast plasma membrane as a monomer as well as a dimer. The association of monomers to dimers is regulated by the K+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kulik
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Deepika Kale
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Spurna
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Katsiaryna Shamayeva
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Fabian Hauser
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstr, 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Sandra Milic
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstr, 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Hannah Janout
- Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
- Institute of Symbolic AI, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Vasilina Zayats
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstr, 21, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Jost Ludwig
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 3733 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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13
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Pérez‐Alonso M, Guerrero‐Galán C, González Ortega‐Villaizán A, Ortiz‐García P, Scholz SS, Ramos P, Sakakibara H, Kiba T, Ludwig‐Müller J, Krapp A, Oelmüller R, Vicente‐Carbajosa J, Pollmann S. The calcium sensor CBL7 is required for Serendipita indica-induced growth stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana, controlling defense against the endophyte and K + homoeostasis in the symbiosis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3367-3382. [PMID: 35984078 PMCID: PMC9804297 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger in plants. The activation of Ca2+ signalling cascades is critical in the activation of adaptive processes in response to environmental stimuli. Root colonization by the growth promoting endophyte Serendipita indica involves the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we investigated transcriptional changes in Arabidopsis roots during symbiosis with S. indica. RNA-seq profiling disclosed the induction of Calcineurin B-like 7 (CBL7) during early and later phases of the interaction. Consistently, reverse genetic evidence highlighted the functional relevance of CBL7 and tested the involvement of a CBL7-CBL-interacting protein kinase 13 signalling pathway. The loss-of-function of CBL7 abolished the growth promoting effect and affected root colonization. The transcriptomics analysis of cbl7 revealed the involvement of this Ca2+ sensor in activating plant defense responses. Furthermore, we report on the contribution of CBL7 to potassium transport in Arabidopsis. We analysed K+ contents in wild-type and cbl7 plants and observed a significant increase of K+ in roots of cbl7 plants, while shoot tissues demonstrated K+ depletion. Taken together, our work associates CBL7 with an important role in the mutual interaction between Arabidopsis and S. indica and links CBL7 to K+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta‐Marina Pérez‐Alonso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
- Umeå Plant Science CenterUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Carmen Guerrero‐Galán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
| | - Adrián González Ortega‐Villaizán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
| | - Paloma Ortiz‐García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
| | - Sandra S. Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular BotanyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del MauleUniversidad Católica del MauleTalcaChile
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumiYokohamaJapan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumiYokohamaJapan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Anne Krapp
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTechInstitut Jean‐Pierre BourginVersaillesFrance
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular BotanyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Jesús Vicente‐Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
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14
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Zhou X, Li J, Wang Y, Liang X, Zhang M, Lu M, Guo Y, Qin F, Jiang C. The classical SOS pathway confers natural variation of salt tolerance in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:479-494. [PMID: 35633114 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na+ ) is the major cation damaging crops in the salinised farmland. Previous studies have shown that the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway is important for salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, the SOS pathway remains poorly investigated in most crops. This study addresses the function of the SOS pathway and its association with the natural variation of salt tolerance in maize. First, we showed that a naturally occurring 4-bp frame-shifting deletion in ZmSOS1 caused the salt hypersensitive phenotype of the maize inbred line LH65. Accordingly, mutants lacking ZmSOS1 also displayed a salt hypersensitive phenotype, due to an impaired root-to-rhizosphere Na+ efflux and an increased shoot Na+ concentration. We next showed that the maize SOS3/SOS2 complex (ZmCBL4/ZmCIPK24a and ZmCBL8/ZmCIPK24a) phosphorylates ZmSOS1 therefore activating its Na+ -transporting activity, with their loss-of-function mutants displaying salt hypersensitive phenotypes. Moreover, we observed that a LTR/Gypsy insertion decreased the expression of ZmCBL8, thereby increasing shoot Na+ concentration in natural maize population. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the maize SOS pathway confers a conservative salt-tolerant role, and the components of SOS pathway (ZmSOS1 and ZmCBL8) confer the natural variations of Na+ regulation and salt tolerance in maize, therefore providing important gene targets for breeding salt-tolerant maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Minhui Lu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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15
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Han QQ, Wang YP, Li J, Li J, Yin XC, Jiang XY, Yu M, Wang SM, Shabala S, Zhang JL. The mechanistic basis of sodium exclusion in Puccinellia tenuiflora under conditions of salinity and potassium deprivation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:322-338. [PMID: 35979653 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a significant threat to global agriculture. Understanding salt exclusion mechanisms in halophyte species may be instrumental in improving salt tolerance in crops. Puccinellia tenuiflora is a typical salt-excluding halophytic grass often found in potassium-deprived saline soils. Our previous work showed that P. tenuiflora possesses stronger selectivity for K+ than for Na+ ; however, the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon remained elusive. Here, P. tenuiflora PutHKT1;5 was cloned and the functions of PutHKT1;5 and PutSOS1 were characterized using heterologous expression systems. Yeast assays showed that PutHKT1;5 possessed Na+ transporting capacity and was highly selective for Na+ over K+ . PutSOS1 was located at the plasma membrane and operated as a Na+ /K+ exchanger, with much stronger Na+ extrusion capacity than its homolog from Arabidopsis. PutHKT2;1 mediated high-affinity K+ and Na+ uptake and its expression levels were upregulated by mild salinity and K+ deprivation. Salinity-induced changes of root PutHKT1;5 and PutHKT1;4 transcript levels matched the expression pattern of root PutSOS1, which was consistent with root Na+ efflux. The transcript levels of root PutHKT2;1 and PutAKT1 were downregulated by salinity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the functional activity of PutHKT1;5 and PutSOS1 in P. tenuiflora roots is fine-tuned under saline conditions as well as by operation of other ion transporters/channel (PutHKT1;4, PutHKT2;1, and PutAKT1). This leads to the coordination of radial Na+ and K+ transport processes, their loading to the xylem, or Na+ retrieval and extrusion under conditions of mild salinity and/or K+ deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chang Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yu Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
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16
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Ruiz-Castilla FJ, Ruiz Pérez FS, Ramos-Moreno L, Ramos J. Candida albicans Potassium Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094884. [PMID: 35563275 PMCID: PMC9105532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium is basic for life. All living organisms require high amounts of intracellular potassium, which fulfils multiple functions. To reach efficient potassium homeostasis, eukaryotic cells have developed a complex and tightly regulated system of transporters present both in the plasma membrane and in the membranes of internal organelles that allow correct intracellular potassium content and distribution. We review the information available on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. While some of the plasma membrane potassium transporters are relatively well known and experimental data about their nature, function or regulation have been published, in the case of most of the transporters present in intracellular membranes, their existence and even function have just been deduced because of their homology with those present in other yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we analyse the possible links between pathogenicity and potassium homeostasis. We comment on the possibility of using some of these transporters as tentative targets in the search for new antifungal drugs.
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17
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Yeast Trk1 Potassium Transporter Gradually Changes Its Affinity in Response to Both External and Internal Signals. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050432. [PMID: 35628688 PMCID: PMC9144525 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts need a high intracellular concentration of potassium to grow. The main K+ uptake system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the Trk1 transporter, a complex protein with four MPM helical membrane motifs. Trk1 has been shown to exist in low- or high-affinity modes, which reflect the availability of potassium in the environment. However, when and how the affinity changes, and whether the potassium availability is the only signal for the affinity switch, remains unknown. Here, we characterize the Trk1 kinetic parameters under various conditions and find that Trk1’s KT and Vmax change gradually. This gliding adjustment is rapid and precisely reflects the changes in the intracellular potassium content and membrane potential. A detailed characterization of the specific mutations in the P-helices of the MPM segments reveals that the presence of proline in the P-helix of the second and third MPM domain (F820P and L949P) does not affect the function of Trk1 in general, but rather specifically prevents the transporter’s transition to a high-affinity state. The analogous mutations in the two remaining MPM domains (L81P and L1115P) result in a mislocalized and inactive protein, highlighting the importance of the first and fourth P-helices in proper Trk1 folding and activity at the plasma membrane.
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18
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Conchillo LB, Haro R, Benito B. K+ Nutrition Exchange in the Serendipita-Arabidopsis Symbiosis: Study of the Fungal K+ Transporters Involved. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.789371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the root-colonizing endosymbiotic fungus Serendipita indica improves plant growth. The beneficial effects have been observed when plants are growing in optimal conditions or under nutritionally deficient soils (e.g., phosphate poor soil) or exposed to stressful environmental conditions such as drought or salinity. However, until now its role in the nutrition of other plant essential macronutrient, such as K+, has not been fully clarified. Here, we study the role of the fungus in the K+ nutrition of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, during growth under K+ limiting conditions. As a first step, we studied the high-affinity K+ uptake of the plant and fungus when growing separately and in symbiosis. In the search for putative fungal actors involved in K+ nutrition, we also have cloned and functionally characterized the K+ transporters of S. indica SiHAK1, SiTRK1, SiTRK2, and SiTOK1, among which it has been shown that SiHAK1 is the main transporter involved in the K+ uptake in the high affinity range of concentrations. In addition, a gene expression study of these transporters and other candidates that could participate in the K+ homeostasis of the fungus has been carried out. The results indicated that, contrary to what happens with P nutrition, S. indica seems not to improve neither the growth nor the plant K+ reserves during K+ starvation. Instead, this nutritionally restrictive condition favored fungal colonization, suggesting that the fungus obtains the greatest benefit in K+ supply during symbiosis.
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19
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Amo J, Lara A, Martínez-Martínez A, Martínez V, Rubio F, Nieves-Cordones M. The protein kinase SlCIPK23 boosts K + and Na + uptake in tomato plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3589-3605. [PMID: 34545584 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of root transport systems is essential under fluctuating nutrient supply. In the case of potassium (K+ ), HAK/KUP/KT K+ transporters and voltage-gated K+ channels ensure root K+ uptake in a wide range of K+ concentrations. In Arabidopsis, the CIPK23/CBL1-9 complex regulates both transporter- and channel-mediated root K+ uptake. However, research about K+ homeostasis in crops is in demand due to species-specific mechanisms. In the present manuscript, we studied the contribution of the voltage-gated K+ channel LKT1 and the protein kinase SlCIPK23 to K+ uptake in tomato plants by analysing gene-edited knockout tomato mutant lines, together with two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments in Xenopus oocytes and protein-protein interaction analyses. It is shown that LKT1 is a crucial player in tomato K+ nutrition by contributing approximately 50% to root K+ uptake under K+ -sufficient conditions. Moreover, SlCIPK23 was responsible for approximately 100% of LKT1 and approximately 40% of the SlHAK5 K+ transporter activity in planta. Mg+2 and Na+ compensated for K+ deficit in tomato roots to a large extent, and the accumulation of Na+ was strongly dependent on SlCIPK23 function. The role of CIPK23 in Na+ accumulation in tomato roots was not conserved in Arabidopsis, which expands the current set of CIPK23-like protein functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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20
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Morales de Los Ríos L, Corratgé-Faillie C, Raddatz N, Mendoza I, Lindahl M, de Angeli A, Lacombe B, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. The Arabidopsis protein NPF6.2/NRT1.4 is a plasma membrane nitrate transporter and a target of protein kinase CIPK23. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:239-251. [PMID: 34656860 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and potassium nutrition is tightly coordinated in vascular plants. Physiological and molecular genetics studies have demonstrated that several NPF/NRT1 nitrate transporters have a significant impact on both uptake and the root-shoot partition of these nutrients. However, how these traits are biochemically connected remain controversial since some NPF proteins, e.g. NPF7.3/NRT1.5, have been suggested to mediate K+/H+ exchange instead of nitrate fluxes. Here we show that NPF6.2/NRT1.4, a protein that gates nitrate accumulation at the leaf petiole of Arabidopsis thaliana, also affects the root/shoot distribution of potassium. We demonstrate that NPF6.2/NRT1.4 is a plasma membrane nitrate transporter phosphorylated at threonine-98 by the CIPK23 protein kinase that is a regulatory hub for nitrogen and potassium nutrition. Heterologous expression of NPF6.2/NRT1.4 and NPF7.3/NRT1.5 in yeast mutants with altered potassium uptake and efflux systems showed no evidence of nitrate-dependent potassium transport by these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales de Los Ríos
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosyntheis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Claire Corratgé-Faillie
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, 34060, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosyntheis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Imelda Mendoza
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosyntheis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Marika Lindahl
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosyntheis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Alexis de Angeli
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, 34060, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, 34060, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosyntheis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosyntheis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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21
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Kong M, Luo M, Li J, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Song W, Zhang R, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhao J, Tao Y, Zhao Y. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the monovalent cation-proton antiporter superfamily in maize, and functional analysis of its role in salt tolerance. Genomics 2021; 113:1940-1951. [PMID: 33895282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Na+, K+ and pH homeostasis are important for plant life and they are controlled by the monovalent cation proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily. The roles of ZmCPAs in salt tolerance are not fully elucidated. In this study, we identified 35 ZmCPAs comprising 13 Na+/H+ exchangers (ZmNHXs), 16 cation/H+ exchanger (ZmCHXs), and 6 K+ efflux antiporters (ZmKEAs). All ZmCPAs have transmembrane domains and most of them were localized to plasma membrane or tonoplast. ZmCHXs were specifically highly expressed in anthers, while ZmNHXs and ZmKEAs showed high expression in various tissues. ZmNHX5 and ZmKEA2 were up-regulated in maize seedlings under both NaCl and KCl stresses. Yeast complementation experiments revealed the roles of ZmNHX5, ZmKEA2 in NaCl tolerance. Analysis of the maize mutants further validated the salt tolerance functions of ZmNHX5 and ZmKEA2. Our study highlights comprehensive information of ZmCPAs and provides new gene targets for salt tolerance maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Meijie Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Jingna Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China; Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Ronghuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Yuandong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China.
| | - Yongsheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China.
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22
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Ródenas R, Ragel P, Nieves-Cordones M, Martínez-Martínez A, Amo J, Lara A, Martínez V, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM, Rubio F. Insights into the mechanisms of transport and regulation of the arabidopsis high-affinity K+ transporter HAK51. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1860-1874. [PMID: 33595056 PMCID: PMC8133630 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity K+ transporter HAK5 from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is essential for K+ acquisition and plant growth at low micromolar K+ concentrations. Despite its functional relevance in plant nutrition, information about functional domains of HAK5 is scarce. Its activity is enhanced by phosphorylation via the AtCIPK23/AtCBL1-9 complex. Based on the recently published three-dimensionalstructure of the bacterial ortholog KimA from Bacillus subtilis, we have modeled AtHAK5 and, by a mutational approach, identified residues G67, Y70, G71, D72, D201, and E312 as essential for transporter function. According to the structural model, residues D72, D201, and E312 may bind K+, whereas residues G67, Y70, and G71 may shape the selective filter for K+, which resembles that of K+shaker-like channels. In addition, we show that phosphorylation of residue S35 by AtCIPK23 is required for reaching maximal transport activity. Serial deletions of the AtHAK5 C-terminus disclosed the presence of an autoinhibitory domain located between residues 571 and 633 together with an AtCIPK23-dependent activation domain downstream of position 633. Presumably, autoinhibition of AtHAK5 is counteracted by phosphorylation of S35 by AtCIPK23. Our results provide a molecular model for K+ transport and describe CIPK-CBL-mediated regulation of plant HAK transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Ródenas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Present address: Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Present address: Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Department of Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Author for communication:
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23
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Ashraf MA, Akihiro T, Ito K, Kumagai S, Sugita R, Tanoi K, Rahman A. ATP binding cassette proteins ABCG37 and ABCG33 function as potassium-independent cesium uptake carriers in Arabidopsis roots. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:664-678. [PMID: 33588076 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiocesium accumulated in the soil by nuclear accidents is a major environmental concern. The transport process of cesium (Cs+) is tightly linked to the indispensable plant nutrient potassium (K+) as they both belong to the group I alkali metals with similar chemical properties. Most of the transporters that had been characterized to date as Cs+ transporters are directly or indirectly linked to K+. Using a combinatorial approach of physiology, genetics, cell biology, and root uptake assay, here we identified two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, ABCG37 and ABCG33, as facilitators of Cs+ influx. A gain-of-function mutant of ABCG37 (abcg37-1) showed increased sensitivity to Cs+-induced root growth inhibition, while the double knockout mutant of ABCG33 and ABCG37 (abcg33-1abcg37-2) showed resistance, whereas the single loss-of-function mutants of ABCG33 and ABCG37 did not show any alteration in Cs+ response. In planta short-term radioactive Cs+-uptake assay along with growth and uptake assays in a heterologous system confirmed ABCG33 and ABCG37 as Cs+-uptake carriers. Potassium response and content were unaffected in the double-mutant background and yeast cells lacking potassium-uptake carriers transformed with ABCG33 and ABCG37 failed to grow in the absence of K+, confirming that Cs+ uptake by ABCG33 and ABCG37 is independent of K+. Collectively, this work identified two ABC proteins as new Cs+-influx carriers that act redundantly and independent of the K+-uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Ashraf
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Akihiro
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Keita Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kumagai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Abidur Rahman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; Agri-Innovation, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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24
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Alqahtani M, Lightfoot DJ, Lemtiri‐Chlieh F, Bukhari E, Pardo JM, Julkowska MM, Tester M. The role of PQL genes in response to salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis and barley. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00301. [PMID: 33615113 PMCID: PMC7876507 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While soil salinity is a global problem, how salt enters plant root cells from the soil solution remains underexplored. Non-selective cation channels (NSCCs) are suggested to be the major pathway for the entry of sodium ions (Na+), yet their genetic constituents remain unknown. Yeast PQ loop (PQL) proteins were previously proposed to encode NSCCs, but the role of PQLs in plants is unknown. The hypothesis tested in this research is that PQL proteins constitute NSCCs mediating some of the Na+ influx into the root, contributing to ion accumulation and the inhibition of growth in saline conditions. We identified plant PQL homologues, and studied the role of one clade of PQL genes in Arabidopsis and barley. Using heterologous expression of AtPQL1a and HvPQL1 in HEK293 cells allowed us to resolve sizable inwardly directed currents permeable to monovalent cations such as Na+, K+, or Li+ upon membrane hyperpolarization. We observed that GFP-tagged PQL proteins localized to intracellular membrane structures, both when transiently over-expressed in tobacco leaf epidermis and in stable Arabidopsis transformants. Expression of AtPQL1a, AtPQL1b, and AtPQL1c was increased by salt stress in the shoot tissue compared to non-stressed plants. Mutant lines with altered expression of AtPQL1a, AtPQL1b, and AtPQL1c developed larger rosettes in saline conditions, while altered levels of AtPQL1a severely reduced development of lateral roots in all conditions. This study provides the first step toward understanding the function of PQL proteins in plants and the role of NSCC in salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashael Alqahtani
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biology DepartmentPrincess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Damien J. Lightfoot
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Lemtiri‐Chlieh
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Ebtihaj Bukhari
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - José M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)University of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Magdalena M. Julkowska
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
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25
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Villalta I, García E, Hornero-Mendez D, Carranco R, Tello C, Mendoza I, De Luca A, Andrés Z, Schumacher K, Pardo JM, Quintero FJ. Distinct Roles of N-Terminal Fatty Acid Acylation of the Salinity-Sensor Protein SOS3. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691124. [PMID: 34630451 PMCID: PMC8494787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) pathway controls the net uptake of sodium by roots and the xylematic transfer to shoots in vascular plants. SOS3/CBL4 is a core component of the SOS pathway that senses calcium signaling of salinity stress to activate and recruit the protein kinase SOS2/CIPK24 to the plasma membrane to trigger sodium efflux by the Na/H exchanger SOS1/NHX7. However, despite the well-established function of SOS3 at the plasma membrane, SOS3 displays a nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution whose physiological meaning is not understood. Here, we show that the N-terminal part of SOS3 encodes structural information for dual acylation with myristic and palmitic fatty acids, each of which commands a different location and function of SOS3. N-myristoylation at glycine-2 is essential for plasma membrane association and recruiting SOS2 to activate SOS1, whereas S-acylation at cysteine-3 redirects SOS3 toward the nucleus. Moreover, a poly-lysine track in positions 7-11 that is unique to SOS3 among other Arabidopsis CBLs appears to be essential for the correct positioning of the SOS2-SOS3 complex at the plasma membrane for the activation of SOS1. The nuclear-localized SOS3 protein had limited bearing on the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis. These results are evidence of a novel S-acylation dependent nuclear trafficking mechanism that contrasts with alternative subcellular targeting of other CBLs by S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Villalta
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Elena García
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Dámaso Hornero-Mendez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Raúl Carranco
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Imelda Mendoza
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Anna De Luca
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Zaida Andrés
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: José M. Pardo,
| | - Francisco J. Quintero
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Francisco J. Quintero,
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26
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Shamayeva K, Spurna K, Kulik N, Kale D, Munko O, Spurny P, Zayats V, Ludwig J. MPM motifs of the yeast SKT protein Trk1 can assemble to form a functional K +-translocation system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183513. [PMID: 33245894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Trk1 polypeptide, like other members of the Superfamily of K Transporters (SKT proteins) consists of four Membrane-Pore-Membrane motifs (MPMs A-D) each of which is homologous to a single K-channel subunit. SKT proteins are thought to have evolved from ancestral K-channels via two gene duplications and thus single MPMs might be able to assemble when located on different polypeptides. To test this hypothesis experimentally we generated a set of partial gene deletions to create alleles encoding one, two, or three MPMs, and analysed the cellular localisation and interactions of these Trk1 fragments using GFP tags and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC). The function of these partial Trk1 proteins either alone or in combinations was assessed by expressing the encoding genes in a K+-uptake deficient strain lacking also the K-channel Tok1 (trk1,trk2,tok1Δ) and (i) analysing their ability to promote growth in low [K+] media and (ii) by ion flux measurements using "microelectrode based ion flux estimation" (MIFE). We found that proteins containing only one or two MPM motifs can interact with each other and assemble with a polypeptide consisting of the rest of the Trk system to form a functional K+-translocation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Shamayeva
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Karin Spurna
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Deepika Kale
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Oksana Munko
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Science, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Spurny
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Vasilina Zayats
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jost Ludwig
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zamek 136, 373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
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27
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Lara A, Ródenas R, Andrés Z, Martínez V, Quintero FJ, Nieves-Cordones M, Botella MA, Rubio F. Arabidopsis K+ transporter HAK5-mediated high-affinity root K+ uptake is regulated by protein kinases CIPK1 and CIPK9. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5053-5060. [PMID: 32484219 PMCID: PMC7410179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity K+ transporter HAK5 is the major contributor to root K+ uptake from dilute solutions in K+-starved Arabidopsis plants. Its functionality is tightly regulated and its activity is enhanced under K+ starvation by the transcriptional induction of the AtHAK5 gene, and by the activation of the transporter via the AtCBL1-AtCIPK23 complex. In the present study, the 26 members of the Arabidopsis CIPK protein kinase family were screened in yeast for their capacity to activate HAK5-mediated K+ uptake. Among them, AtCIPK1 was the most efficient activator of AtHAK5. In addition, AtCIPK9, previously reported to participate in K+ homeostasis, also activated the transporter. In roots, the genes encoding AtCIPK1 and AtCIPK9 were induced by K+ deprivation and atcipk1 and atcipk9 Arabidopsis KO mutants showed a reduced AtHAK5-mediated Rb+ uptake. Activation of AtHAK5 by AtCIPK1 did not occur under hyperosmotic stress conditions, where AtCIPK1 function has been shown to be required to maintain plant growth. Taken together, our data contribute to the identification of the complex regulatory networks that control the high-affinity K+ transporter AtHAK5 and root K+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Reyes Ródenas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Zaida Andrés
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Angeles Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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28
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Zhang H, Feng H, Zhang J, Ge R, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li L, Wei J, Li R. Emerging crosstalk between two signaling pathways coordinates K+ and Na+ homeostasis in the halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4345-4358. [PMID: 32280989 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
K+/Na+ homeostasis is the primary core response for plant to tolerate salinity. Halophytes have evolved novel regulatory mechanisms to maintain a suitable K+/Na+ ratio during long-term adaptation. The wild halophyte Hordeum brevisubulatum can adopt efficient strategies to achieve synergistic levels of K+ and Na+ under high salt stress. However, little is known about its molecular mechanism. Our previous study indicated that HbCIPK2 contributed to prevention of Na+ accumulation and K+ reduction. Here, we further identified the HbCIPK2-interacting proteins including upstream Ca2+ sensors, HbCBL1, HbCBL4, and HbCBL10, and downstream phosphorylated targets, the voltage-gated K+ channel HbVGKC1 and SOS1-like transporter HbSOS1L. HbCBL1 combined with HbCIPK2 could activate HbVGKC1 to absorb K+, while the HbCBL4/10-HbCIPK2 complex modulated HbSOS1L to exclude Na+. This discovery suggested that crosstalk between the sodium response and the potassium uptake signaling pathways indeed exists for HbCIPK2 as the signal hub, and paved the way for understanding the novel mechanism of K+/Na+ homeostasis which has evolved in the halophytic grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Zhang
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchao Ge
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunxiao Wang
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Legong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifen Li
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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29
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Monihan SM, Magness CA, Ryu CH, McMahon MM, Beilstein MA, Schumaker KS. Duplication and functional divergence of a calcium sensor in the Brassicaceae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2782-2795. [PMID: 31989164 PMCID: PMC7210777 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of varied numbers of CALCINEURIN B-LIKE10 (CBL10) calcium sensor genes in species across the Brassicaceae and the demonstrated role of CBL10 in salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Eutrema salsugineum provided a unique opportunity to determine if CBL10 function is modified in different species and linked to salt tolerance. Salinity effects on species growth and cross-species complementation were used to determine the extent of conservation and divergence of CBL10 function in four species representing major lineages within the core Brassicaceae (A. thaliana, E. salsugineum, Schrenkiella parvula, and Sisymbrium irio) as well as the first diverging lineage (Aethionema arabicum). Evolutionary and functional analyses indicate that CBL10 duplicated within expanded lineage II of the Brassicaceae and that, while portions of CBL10 function are conserved across the family, there are species-specific variations in CBL10 function. Paralogous CBL10 genes within a species diverged in expression and function probably contributing to the maintenance of the duplicated gene pairs. Orthologous CBL10 genes diverged in function in a species-specific manner, suggesting that functions arose post-speciation. Multiple CBL10 genes and their functional divergence may have expanded calcium-mediated signaling responses and contributed to the ability of certain members of the Brassicaceae to maintain growth in salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea M Monihan
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Choong-Hwan Ryu
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Mark A Beilstein
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karen S Schumaker
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Correspondence:
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30
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Yang F, Wang T, Liu L. Pollen germination is impaired by disruption of a Shaker K + channel OsAKT1.2 in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153140. [PMID: 32114250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium homeostasis is essential for pollen development and pollen-pistil interactions during the sexual reproduction of flowering plants. Here, we described the role of a Shaker K+ channel, OsAKT1.2, in rice pollen germination and growth. OsAKT1.2 is specifically expressed in the tricellular pollen, mature pollen grains and growing pollen tubes. Using CRISPR gene editing, we found that knockout lines did not differ from wildtype in vegetative growth, but showed decreased pollen germination rate both in the germination medium and in vivo. OsAKT1.2-GFP fusion protein was localized in the plasma membrane and enriched at the pollen tube tip. OsAKT1.2 could complement the yeast strain which is deficient in K+ intake. These findings suggest that OsAKT1.2 is associated with pollen germination and tube elongation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Lingtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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31
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Sánchez-Barrena MJ, Chaves-Sanjuan A, Raddatz N, Mendoza I, Cortés Á, Gago F, González-Rubio JM, Benavente JL, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM, Albert A. Recognition and Activation of the Plant AKT1 Potassium Channel by the Kinase CIPK23. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:2143-2153. [PMID: 32015077 PMCID: PMC7140914 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth largely depends on the maintenance of adequate intracellular levels of potassium (K+). The families of 10 Calcineurin B-Like (CBL) calcium sensors and 26 CBL-Interacting Protein Kinases (CIPKs) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) decode the calcium signals elicited by environmental inputs to regulate different ion channels and transporters involved in the control of K+ fluxes by phosphorylation-dependent and -independent events. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms governing target specificity require investigation. Here, we show that the physical interaction between CIPK23 and the noncanonical ankyrin domain in the cytosolic side of the inward-rectifier K+ channel AKT1 regulates kinase docking and channel activation. Point mutations on this domain specifically alter binding to CIPK23, enhancing or impairing the ability of CIPK23 to regulate channel activity. Our data demonstrate the relevance of this protein-protein interaction that contributes to the formation of a complex between CIPK23/CBL1 and AKT1 in the membrane for the proper regulation of K+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Sánchez-Barrena
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Chaves-Sanjuan
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Imelda Mendoza
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Cortés
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Gago
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana María González-Rubio
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Benavente
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Armando Albert
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Cagnac O, Baghour M, Jaime‐Pérez N, Aranda‐Sicilia MN, Sánchez‐Romero ME, Rodríguez‐Rosales MP, Venema K. Deletion of the N‐terminal domain of the yeast vacuolar (Na
+
,K
+
)/H
+
antiporter Vnx1p improves salt tolerance in yeast and transgenic
Arabidopsis. Yeast 2020; 37:173-185. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mourad Baghour
- Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador Université Mohammed Premier Nador Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | - Kees Venema
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC Granada Spain
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33
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A pore-occluding phenylalanine gate prevents ion slippage through plant ammonium transporters. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16765. [PMID: 31727964 PMCID: PMC6856177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout all kingdoms of life, highly conserved transport proteins mediate the passage of ammonium across membranes. These transporters share a high homology and a common pore structure. Whether NH3, NH4+ or NH3 + H+ is the molecularly transported substrate, still remains unclear for distinct proteins. High-resolution protein structures of several ammonium transporters suggested two conserved pore domains, an external NH4+ recruitment site and a pore-occluding twin phenylalanine gate, to take over a crucial role in substrate determination and selectivity. Here, we show that while the external recruitment site seems essential for AtAMT1;2 function, single mutants of the double phenylalanine gate were not reduced in their ammonium transport capacity. Despite an unchanged ammonium transport rate, a single mutant of the inner phenylalanine showed reduced N-isotope selection that was proposed to be associated with ammonium deprotonation during transport. Even though ammonium might pass the mutant AMT pore in the ionic form, the transporter still excluded potassium ions from being transported. Our results, highlight the importance of the twin phenylalanine gate in blocking uncontrolled ammonium ion flux.
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34
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Lanza M, Haro R, Conchillo LB, Benito B. The endophyte Serendipita indica reduces the sodium content of Arabidopsis plants exposed to salt stress: fungal ENA ATPases are expressed and regulated at high pH and during plant co-cultivation in salinity. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:3364-3378. [PMID: 30945789 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Serendipita indica (formerly Piriformospora indica) is an endophytic fungus that colonizes plant roots producing a beneficial effect on plant growth and development under optimal and suboptimal conditions provoked by any biotic or abiotic stress, such as salt stress. Salinity induces osmotic and ionic imbalances in plants, mainly by altering the Na+ and K+ contents. However, the mechanism by which Serendipita improves plant growth has yet to be elucidated. Previous works suggest that this fungus improves the plant osmotic state but not much is known about whether it participates in readjustment of the ionic imbalance in plants. Here, we report that co-cultivation with Serendipita reduces the Na+ content of Arabidopsis plants under saline conditions. Additionally, we describe the functional characterization of the two Serendipita ENA ATPases, which are homologous to the main proteins involved in the salt tolerance of other fungi. Their heterologous expression in salt-sensitive yeast mutants shows that SiENA1 is involved in Na+ and K+ efflux, while SiENA5 seems to only be involved in Na+ detoxification. Both are induced and might have a relevant function at alkaline pH, condition in which there are few chlamydospores in the mycelium, as well as during co-cultivation with plants exposed to saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lanza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM. 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Haro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM. 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena B Conchillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM. 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM. 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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35
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Riedelsberger J, Obando PA, Gonzalez W. Yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae BYT45 lacking the cation extrusion systems ENA1-5 and NHA1 is suitable for the characterization of TASK-3 potassium channel antagonists. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5524363. [PMID: 31247642 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding new potential antagonists of potassium channels is a continuing task. TASK potassium channels operate over a large physiological range of membrane voltages, why they are thought to contribute to the excitability and resting potential of mammalian membrane potentials. Additionally, they are regulated by extracellular stimuli like changes in pH and K+ concentrations. TASK malfunctions are associated with diseases, which makes them popular targets for the search of new antagonists. Identification of channel inhibitors can be a time-consuming and expensive project. Here, we present an easy-to-use and inexpensive yeast system for the expression of the two-pore domain K+ channel TASK-3, and for the characterization of TASK-3 antagonists. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BYT45 was used to express guinea pig TASK-3. The system allowed the expression and characterization of TASK-3 at variable pH values and K+ concentrations. Three known TASK-3 antagonists have been tested in the BYT45 yeast system: PK-THPP, ZnCl2 and Bupivacaine. Their inhibitory effect on TASK-3 was tested in solid and liquid media assays, and half maximal inhibitory concentrations were estimated. Although the system is less sensitive than more refined systems, the antagonistic activity could be confirmed for all three inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Patricia A Obando
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Wendy Gonzalez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, 3460000 Talca, Chile
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36
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Kale D, Spurny P, Shamayeva K, Spurna K, Kahoun D, Ganser D, Zayats V, Ludwig J. The S. cerevisiae cation translocation protein Trk1 is functional without its “long hydrophilic loop” but LHL regulates cation translocation activity and selectivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1476-1488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Trk1, the sole potassium-specific transporter in Candida glabrata, contributes to the proper functioning of various cell processes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:124. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Qin YJ, Wu WH, Wang Y. ZmHAK5 and ZmHAK1 function in K + uptake and distribution in maize under low K + conditions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:691-705. [PMID: 30548401 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+ ) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Transporters from the KT/HAK/KUP family play crucial roles in K+ homeostasis and cell growth in various plant species. However, their physiological roles in maize are still unknown. In this study, we cloned ZmHAK5 and ZmHAK1 and investigated their functions in maize (Zea mays L.). In situ hybridization showed that ZmHAK5 was mainly expressed in roots, especially in the epidermis, cortex, and vascular bundle. ZmHAK5 was characterized as a high-affinity K+ transporter. Loss of function of ZmHAK5 led to defective K+ uptake in maize, under low K+ conditions, whereas ZmHAK5-overexpressing plants showed increased K+ uptake activity and improved growth. ZmHAK1 was upregulated under low K+ stress, as revealed by RT-qPCR. ZmHAK1 mediated K+ uptake when heterologously expressed in yeast, but its transport activity was weaker than that of ZmHAK5. Overexpression of ZmHAK1 in maize significantly affected K+ distribution in shoots, leading to chlorosis in older leaves. These findings indicate that ZmHAK5 and ZmHAK1 play distinct roles in K+ homeostasis in maize, functioning in K+ uptake and K+ distribution, respectively. Genetic manipulation of ZmHAK5 may represent a feasible way to improve K+ utilization efficiency in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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El Mahi H, Pérez-Hormaeche J, De Luca A, Villalta I, Espartero J, Gámez-Arjona F, Fernández JL, Bundó M, Mendoza I, Mieulet D, Lalanne E, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Guiderdoni E, Aguilar M, Leidi EO, Pardo JM, Quintero FJ. A Critical Role of Sodium Flux via the Plasma Membrane Na +/H + Exchanger SOS1 in the Salt Tolerance of Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1046-1065. [PMID: 30992336 PMCID: PMC6548274 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) stands among the world's most important crop species. Rice is salt sensitive, and the undue accumulation of sodium ions (Na+) in shoots has the strongest negative correlation with rice productivity under long-term salinity. The plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger protein Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is the sole Na+ efflux transporter that has been genetically characterized to date. Here, the importance of SOS1-facilitated Na+ flux in the salt tolerance of rice was analyzed in a reverse-genetics approach. A sos1 loss-of-function mutant displayed exceptional salt sensitivity that was correlated with excessive Na+ intake and impaired Na+ loading into the xylem, thus indicating that SOS1 controls net root Na+ uptake and long-distance Na+ transport to shoots. The acute Na+ sensitivity of sos1 plants at low NaCl concentrations allowed analysis of the transcriptional response to sodicity stress without effects of the osmotic stress intrinsic to high-salinity treatments. In contrast with that in the wild type, sos1 mutant roots displayed preferential down-regulation of stress-related genes in response to salt treatment, despite the greater intensity of stress experienced by the mutant. These results suggest there is impaired stress detection or an inability to mount a comprehensive response to salinity in sos1 In summary, the plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger SOS1 plays a major role in the salt tolerance of rice by controlling Na+ homeostasis and possibly contributing to the sensing of sodicity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda El Mahi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Hormaeche
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Anna De Luca
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Villalta
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
- Gyeongsang National University, 660-701 Jinju, South Korea
| | - Joaquín Espartero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucia, 41200 Seville, Spain
| | - Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imelda Mendoza
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Delphine Mieulet
- Centre for International Cooperation on Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Joint Research Unit of Genetic Improvement and Adaptation of Mediterranean and Tropical Plants (UMR-AGAP), 34398 Montpellier, and Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Gyeongsang National University, 660-701 Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- Centre for International Cooperation on Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), Joint Research Unit of Genetic Improvement and Adaptation of Mediterranean and Tropical Plants (UMR-AGAP), 34398 Montpellier, and Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Manuel Aguilar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucia, 41200 Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo O Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
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40
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Awad D, Bohnen F, Mehlmer N, Brueck T. Multi-Factorial-Guided Media Optimization for Enhanced Biomass and Lipid Formation by the Oleaginous Yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:54. [PMID: 30984750 PMCID: PMC6448043 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-conventional, oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus is flagged as an industrial cell factory for generation of oleochemicals and biofuels due to its substrate flexibility and high triglyceride yields. In this study, we employed a computational Response Surface Methodology to guide and streamline the experimental media optimization matrix with 12 nitrogen and 10 carbon sources in order to provide for high biomass and lipid accumulation toward an industrially relevant fermentation process. The resulting data provide new insights into C. oleaginosus physiology under variable nutritional states. Accordingly, the lipid content % (lipid weight/yeast dry weight) is controlled by a defined interplay between carbon and nitrogen. In our experimental setup, the highest biomass (18.4 ± 2.20 g/L) and lipid yield (9 ± 0.34 g/L; 49.74 ± 5.16% g lipid weight/g yeast dry cell weight) were obtained with lactose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources at an elemental weight ratio of 120:1, respectively. Interestingly, with ammonium salts as a N-source, the intracellularly accumulated triglycerides increasingly contain saturated fatty acids, which provides a new route to generate tailored fatty acid profiles for specific oleochemicals or food applications. Our data indicate that a metabolic ceiling for lipid accumulation in C. oleaginosus is obtained with the correct carbon and nitrogen source mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brueck
- Werner Siemens-Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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41
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Monihan SM, Ryu CH, Magness CA, Schumaker KS. Linking Duplication of a Calcium Sensor to Salt Tolerance in Eutrema salsugineum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1176-1192. [PMID: 30606887 PMCID: PMC6393783 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The SALT-OVERLY-SENSITIVE (SOS) pathway in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) functions to prevent the toxic accumulation of sodium in the cytosol when plants are grown in salt-affected soils. In this pathway, the CALCINEURIN B-LIKE10 (AtCBL10) calcium sensor interacts with the AtSOS2 kinase to activate the AtSOS1 plasma membrane sodium/proton exchanger. CBL10 has been duplicated in Eutrema (Eutrema salsugineum), a salt-tolerant relative of Arabidopsis. Because Eutrema maintains growth in salt-affected soils that kill most crop plants, the duplication of CBL10 provides a unique opportunity to functionally test the outcome of gene duplication and its link to plant salt tolerance. In Eutrema, individual down-regulation of the duplicated CBL10 genes (EsCBL10a and EsCBL10b) decreased growth in the presence of salt and, in combination, led to an even greater decrease, suggesting that both genes function in response to salt and have distinct functions. Cross-species complementation assays demonstrated that EsCBL10b has an enhanced ability to activate the SOS pathway while EsCBL10a has a function not performed by AtCBL10 or EsCBL10b Chimeric EsCBL10a/EsCBL10b proteins revealed that the specific functions of the EsCBL10 proteins resulted from changes in the amino terminus. The duplication of CBL10 increased calcium-mediated signaling capacity in Eutrema and conferred increased salt tolerance to salt-sensitive Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea M Monihan
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Choong-Hwan Ryu
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | | | - Karen S Schumaker
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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42
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Ariño J, Ramos J, Sychrova H. Monovalent cation transporters at the plasma membrane in yeasts. Yeast 2018; 36:177-193. [PMID: 30193006 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of proper intracellular concentrations of monovalent cations, mainly sodium and potassium, is a requirement for survival of any cell. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, monovalent cation homeostasis is determined by the active extrusion of protons through the Pma1 H+ -ATPase (reviewed in another chapter of this issue), the influx and efflux of these cations through the plasma membrane transporters (reviewed in this chapter), and the sequestration of toxic cations into the vacuoles. Here, we will describe the structure, function, and regulation of the plasma membrane transporters Trk1, Trk2, Tok1, Nha1, and Ena1, which play a key role in maintaining physiological intracellular concentrations of Na+ , K+ , and H+ , both under normal growth conditions and in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Ariño
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Hana Sychrova
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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43
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Han Y, Yin S, Huang L, Wu X, Zeng J, Liu X, Qiu L, Munns R, Chen ZH, Zhang G. A Sodium Transporter HvHKT1;1 Confers Salt Tolerance in Barley via Regulating Tissue and Cell Ion Homeostasis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1976-1989. [PMID: 29917153 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that high salt tolerance in Tibetan wild barley accessions was associated with HvHKT1;1, a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter family. However, molecular mechanisms of HvHKT1;1 for salt tolerance and its roles in K+/Na+ homeostasis remain to be elucidated. Functional characterization of HvHKT1;1 was conducted in the present study. NaCl-induced transcripts of HvHKT1;1 were significantly higher in the roots of Tibetan wild barley XZ16 relative to other genotypes, being closely associated with its higher biomass and lower tissue Na+ content under salt stress. Heterologous expression of HvHKT1;1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that HvHKT1;1 had higher selectivity for Na+ over K+ and other monovalent cations. HvHKT1;1 was found to be localized at the cell plasma membrane of root stele and epidermis. Knock-down of HvHKT1;1 in barley led to higher Na+ accumulation in both roots and leaves, while overexpression of HvHKT1;1 in salt-sensitive Arabidopsis hkt1-4 and sos1-12 loss-of-function lines resulted in significantly less shoot and root Na+ accumulation. Additionally, microelectrode ion flux measurements and root elongation assay revealed that the transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited a remarkable capacity for regulation of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+ homeostasis under salt stress. These results indicate that HvHKT1;1 is critical in radial root Na+ transport, which eventually reduces shoot Na+ accumulation. Additionally, HvHKT1;1 may be indirectly involved in retention of K+ and Ca2+ in root cells, which also improves plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuya Yin
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Wu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zeng
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Qiu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Sun J, Cao H, Cheng J, He X, Sohail H, Niu M, Huang Y, Bie Z. Pumpkin CmHKT1;1 Controls Shoot Na⁺ Accumulation via Limiting Na⁺ Transport from Rootstock to Scion in Grafted Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2648. [PMID: 30200653 PMCID: PMC6165489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity adversely affects the growth and yield of crops, including cucumber, one of the most important vegetables in the world. Grafting with salt-tolerant pumpkin as the rootstock effectively improves the growth of cucumber under different salt conditions by limiting Na⁺ transport from the pumpkin rootstock to the cucumber scion. High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) are crucial for the long distance transport of Na⁺ in plants, but the function of pumpkin HKTs in this process of grafted cucumber plants remains unclear. In this work, we have characterized CmHKT1;1 as a member of the HKT gene family in Cucurbita moschata and observed an obvious upregulation of CmHKT1;1 in roots under NaCl stress conditions. Heterologous expression analyses in yeast mutants indicated that CmHKT1;1 is a Na⁺-selective transporter. The transient expression in tobacco epidermal cells and in situ hybridization showed CmHKT1;1 localization at plasma membrane, and preferential expression in root stele. Moreover, ectopic expression of CmHKT1;1 in cucumber decreased the Na⁺ accumulation in the plants shoots. Finally, the CmHKT1;1 transgenic line as the rootstock decreased the Na⁺ content in the wild type shoots. These findings suggest that CmHKT1;1 plays a key role in the salt tolerance of grafted cucumber by limiting Na⁺ transport from the rootstock to the scion and can further be useful for engineering salt tolerance in cucurbit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Haishun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jintao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaomeng He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mengliang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Guerrero-Galán C, Delteil A, Garcia K, Houdinet G, Conéjéro G, Gaillard I, Sentenac H, Zimmermann SD. Plant potassium nutrition in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: properties and roles of the three fungal TOK potassium channels in Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1873-1887. [PMID: 29614209 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi play an essential role in the ecology of boreal and temperate forests through the improvement of tree mineral nutrition. Potassium (K+ ) is an essential nutrient for plants and is needed in high amounts. We recently demonstrated that the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum improves the K+ nutrition of Pinus pinaster under shortage conditions. Part of the transport systems involved in K+ uptake by the fungus has been deciphered, while the molecular players responsible for the transfer of this cation towards the plant remain totally unknown. Analysis of the genome of H. cylindrosporum revealed the presence of three putative tandem-pore outward-rectifying K+ (TOK) channels that could contribute to this transfer. Here, we report the functional characterization of these three channels through two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments in oocytes and yeast complementation assays. The expression pattern and physiological role of these channels were analysed in symbiotic interaction with P. pinaster. Pine seedlings colonized by fungal transformants overexpressing two of them displayed a larger accumulation of K+ in shoots. This study revealed that TOK channels have distinctive properties and functions in axenic and symbiotic conditions and suggested that HcTOK2.2 is implicated in the symbiotic transfer of K+ from the fungus towards the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Guerrero-Galán
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Delteil
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin Garcia
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Gabriella Houdinet
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Conéjéro
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Plateforme Histocytologie et Imagerie Cellulaire Végétale, INRA-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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46
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Camenzind T, Lehmberg J, Weimershaus P, Álvarez-Garrido L, Andrade Linares DR, Súarez JP, Rillig MC. Do fungi need salt licks? No evidence for fungal contribution to the Sodium Ecosystem Respiration Hypothesis based on lab and field experiments in Southern Ecuador. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Xu B, Waters S, Byrt CS, Plett D, Tyerman SD, Tester M, Munns R, Hrmova M, Gilliham M. Structural variations in wheat HKT1;5 underpin differences in Na + transport capacity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1133-1144. [PMID: 29177534 PMCID: PMC11105589 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An important trait associated with the salt tolerance of wheat is the exclusion of sodium ions (Na+) from the shoot. We have previously shown that the sodium transporters TmHKT1;5-A and TaHKT1;5-D, from Triticum monoccocum (Tm) and Triticum aestivum (Ta), are encoded by genes underlying the major shoot Na+-exclusion loci Nax1 and Kna1, respectively. Here, using heterologous expression, we show that the affinity (K m) for the Na+ transport of TmHKT1;5-A, at 2.66 mM, is higher than that of TaHKT1;5-D at 7.50 mM. Through 3D structural modelling, we identify residues D471/a gap and D474/G473 that contribute to this property. We identify four additional mutations in amino acid residues that inhibit the transport activity of TmHKT1;5-A, which are predicted to be the result of an occlusion of the pore. We propose that the underlying transport properties of TmHKT1;5-A and TaHKT1;5-D contribute to their unique ability to improve Na+ exclusion in wheat that leads to an improved salinity tolerance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Shane Waters
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Darren Plett
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Mark Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Munns
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
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Barajas‐Lopez JDD, Moreno JR, Gamez‐Arjona FM, Pardo JM, Punkkinen M, Zhu J, Quintero FJ, Fujii H. Upstream kinases of plant SnRKs are involved in salt stress tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:107-118. [PMID: 29094495 PMCID: PMC5814739 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are important for plant growth and stress responses. This family has three clades: SnRK1, SnRK2 and SnRK3. Although plant SnRKs are thought to be activated by upstream kinases, the overall mechanism remains obscure. Geminivirus Rep-Interacting Kinase (GRIK)1 and GRIK2 phosphorylate SnRK1s, which are involved in sugar/energy sensing, and the grik1-1 grik2-1 double mutant shows growth retardation under regular growth conditions. In this study, we established another Arabidopsis mutant line harbouring a different allele of gene GRIK1 (grik1-2 grik2-1) that grows similarly to the wild-type, enabling us to evaluate the function of GRIKs under stress conditions. In the grik1-2 grik2-1 double mutant, phosphorylation of SnRK1.1 was reduced, but not eliminated, suggesting that the grik1-2 mutation is a weak allele. In addition to high sensitivity to glucose, the grik1-2 grik2-1 mutant was sensitive to high salt, indicating that GRIKs are also involved in salinity signalling pathways. Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS)2, a member of the SnRK3 subfamily, is a critical mediator of the response to salinity. GRIK1 phosphorylated SOS2 in vitro, resulting in elevated kinase activity of SOS2. The salt tolerance of sos2 was restored to normal levels by wild-type SOS2, but not by a mutated form of SOS2 lacking the T168 residue phosphorylated by GRIK1. Activation of SOS2 by GRIK1 was also demonstrated in a reconstituted system in yeast. Our results indicate that GRIKs phosphorylate and activate SnRK1 and other members of the SnRK3 family, and that they play important roles in multiple signalling pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Ramon Moreno
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de SevillaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas41012SevillaSpain
| | - Francisco M. Gamez‐Arjona
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de SevillaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas41012SevillaSpain
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y FotosíntesisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas41092SevillaSpain
| | - Matleena Punkkinen
- Molecular Plant Biology UnitDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Turku20014TurkuFinland
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesCenter of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Francisco J. Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y FotosíntesisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas41092SevillaSpain
| | - Hiroaki Fujii
- Molecular Plant Biology UnitDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of Turku20014TurkuFinland
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Felcmanova K, Neveceralova P, Sychrova H, Zimmermannova O. Yeast Kch1 and Kch2 membrane proteins play a pleiotropic role in membrane potential establishment and monovalent cation homeostasis regulation. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 17:3966712. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Ma Q, Hu J, Zhou XR, Yuan HJ, Kumar T, Luan S, Wang SM. ZxAKT1 is essential for K + uptake and K + /Na + homeostasis in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:48-60. [PMID: 28008679 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The inward-rectifying K+ channel AKT1 constitutes an important pathway for K+ acquisition in plant roots. In glycophytes, excessive accumulation of Na+ is accompanied by K+ deficiency under salt stress. However, in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, which exhibits excellent adaptability to adverse environments, K+ concentration remains at a relatively constant level despite increased levels of Na+ under salinity and drought conditions. In this study, the contribution of ZxAKT1 to maintaining K+ and Na+ homeostasis in Z. xanthoxylum was investigated. Expression of ZxAKT1 rescued the K+ -uptake-defective phenotype of yeast strain CY162, suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast strain G19, and complemented the low-K+ -sensitive phenotype of Arabidopsis akt1 mutant, indicating that ZxAKT1 functions as an inward-rectifying K+ channel. ZxAKT1 was predominantly expressed in roots, and was induced under high concentrations of either KCl or NaCl. By using RNA interference technique, we found that ZxAKT1-silenced plants exhibited stunted growth compared to wild-type Z. xanthoxylum. Further experiments showed that ZxAKT1-silenced plants exhibited a significant decline in net uptake of K+ and Na+ , resulting in decreased concentrations of K+ and Na+ , as compared to wild-type Z. xanthoxylum grown under 50 mm NaCl. Compared with wild-type, the expression levels of genes encoding several transporters/channels related to K+ /Na+ homeostasis, including ZxSKOR, ZxNHX, ZxSOS1 and ZxHKT1;1, were reduced in various tissues of a ZxAKT1-silenced line. These findings suggest that ZxAKT1 not only plays a crucial role in K+ uptake but also functions in modulating Na+ uptake and transport systems in Z. xanthoxylum, thereby affecting its normal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Tanweer Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 73072, USA
- NJU-NJFU Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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