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Ormsby MJ, Woodford L, White HL, Fellows R, Quilliam RS. The plastisphere can protect Salmonella Typhimurium from UV stress under simulated environmental conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124464. [PMID: 38964649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Plastic waste is found with increasing frequency in the environment, in low- and middle-income countries. Plastic pollution has increased concurrently with both economic development and rapid urbanisation, amplifying the effects of inadequate waste management. Distinct microbial communities can quickly colonise plastic surfaces in what is collectively known as the 'plastisphere'. The plastisphere can act as a reservoir for human pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella enterica sp. (such as S. Typhimurium), which can persist for long periods, retain pathogenicity, and pose an increased public health risk. Through employing a novel mesocosm setup, we have shown here that the plastisphere provides enhanced protection against environmental pressures such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and allows S. Typhimurium to persist at concentrations (>1 × 103 CFU/ml) capable of causing human infection, for up to 28 days. Additionally, using a Galleria Mellonella model of infection, S. Typhimurium exhibits greater pathogenicity following recovery from the UV-exposed plastisphere, suggesting that the plastisphere may select for more virulent variants. This study demonstrates the protection afforded by the plastisphere and provides further evidence of environmental plastic waste acting as a reservoir for dangerous clinical pathogens. Quantifying the role of plastic pollution in facilitating the survival, persistence, and dissemination of human pathogens is critical for a more holistic understanding of the potential public health risks associated with plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ormsby
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Luke Woodford
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Hannah L White
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Rosie Fellows
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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2
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Kamali M, Ghaderi A, Tamimi P, Firooz A, Nasiri Kashani M, Ayatollahi A, Valizadeh F, Fattahi M, Fattahi M. Reactive oxygen species-inducing itraconazole and its anti-biofilm activity against resistant Candida parapsilosis sensu lato biofilm cells isolated from patients with recalcitrant onychomycosis. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:642. [PMID: 39325271 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis was introduced as the second most responsible for nail involvement. The colonization of biotic and abiotic surfaces by Candida spp. can result in the formation of biofilms, which possess a high level of resistance to typical antifungal agents. Since Candida spp. can produce biofilm mass on the surface of the nails, dermatologists should consider appropriate antifungals to eliminate both the planktonic and biofilm cells. The aim of this research was to determine the antifungal efficacy of itraconazole against C. parapsilosis sensu lato biofilm formations, in addition to its static effects. Ten C. parapsilosis sensu lato isolates were enrolled in this study. The use of itraconazole results in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during treatment. In order to verify the correlation between ROS and itraconazole-induced cell death, the viability of cells was analyzed by administering the ROS scavenger Ascorbic acid. The apoptotic features of itraconazole were analyzed using the Annexin V-FITC method. Based on current data, it was found that the generation of intracellular stresses by itraconazole is not observed in cells upon ROS inhibition, emphasizing the importance of intracellular ROS in the apoptotic mechanism of itraconazole. Targeting the oxidative defense system is a powerful point to use ROS-inducing antifungals as a superior choice for more effective therapies in case of recalcitrant onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Kamali
- Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjani Hwy, No.1115119969, +982123921, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Ghaderi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Tamimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Firooz
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Taleqani Ave. No.415, Tehran, 1416613675, Iran
| | - Mansour Nasiri Kashani
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Taleqani Ave. No.415, Tehran, 1416613675, Iran
| | - Azin Ayatollahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Taleqani Ave. No.415, Tehran, 1416613675, Iran
| | - Farnaz Valizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Keshavarz Blvd No.15, Tehran, +982188962128, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Fattahi
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wen C, Li Q, Zhu D, Zhong M, Zhu S, Xu H, Li C, Zhu S, Caiola N, Chen L, Luo X. Biofilm-mediated heavy metal bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in a mining-contaminated river. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 267:122487. [PMID: 39321727 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms, essential for material circulation and energy flow in aquatic ecosystems, markedly enrich heavy metals in water environments. However, the impact of these accumulated metals on organisms feeding on biofilms remains poorly unknown. This study involved a year-long seasonal survey along the Bijiang River, located next to Asia's largest lead (Pb)-zinc (Zn) mine, conducted to investigate the role of biofilms in nutrient and metal transfer in food webs. In total, 355 biotic and abiotic samples, including water, biofilms, and aquatic biota, were analyzed for the presence of eight heavy metals (arsenic [As], cadmium, chromium, copper, Pb, nickel, Zn, and iron) as well as stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes. Wide ranges of δ13C and δ15N values indicated diverse dietary carbon sources and trophic positions in the Bijiang River (maximum trophic level: 4.28). A Bayesian mixing model revealed that periphytic biofilms were the dominant basal carbon source, especially in spring, whereas in summer, consumers exploited more diverse food sources, possibly because feeding on spring biofilms enhanced predator feeding efficiency. Metals tended to be biodiluted along food chains owing to their higher concentrations in biofilms and benthic organisms as well as their chemical forms. Although diet did not significantly affect heavy metal accumulation in fish, those relying on biofilms as the main carbon source showed significantly higher As (p = 0.048) and Pb (p = 0.007) levels compared with those relying on C4 plants. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of periphytic biofilms in nutrient and metal dynamics in aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shijun Zhu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hansen Xu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shiqi Zhu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Nuno Caiola
- Department of Climate Solutions and Ecosystem Services, EURECAT, Technology Center of Catalonia, Spain
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Asian International Rivers Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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Dotherow JE, Apenteng B, Hansen A, Aslan A. Private well water stewardship in rural Georgia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307281. [PMID: 39298452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study sought to identify the psychosocial influences on the practice of well stewardship behaviors (water testing, water treatment, and well maintenance) in rural Georgia, USA. Three interventions (education, the provision of household water treatment systems [HWTS], and both education and HWTS) were evaluated using a four-group, randomized controlled trial. A total of 64 private well owners completed a pretest measuring psychosocial factors and stewardship behaviors before receiving an intervention. Following a 104-day waiting period, participants completed a posttest and interviews were conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators to use (S1 File). Pretest results showed that 34% of well owners have ever tested their water and that only 25% treat their water before consumption. The education-only intervention showed no influence on stewardship behaviors, resulted in no new water tests and had no impact on psychosocial factors. The HWTS-only intervention had no significant effect on testing and treatment behaviors, though it had a significant effect on abilities (R2 = .87, p< 0.05) and self-regulation (R2 = 1.0, p<0.01). The intervention of both education and HWTS had no effect on testing and no significant effect on treatment behaviors, though had a significant effect on abilities (R2 = .84, p<0.05) and self-regulation (R2 = .93, p<0.05). This study identified three barriers to the use of HWTS: beliefs, knowledge, and functionality. Two factors (piece of mind and ease of use) were identified as facilitators to the use of HWTS. The results of this study indicate that providing water treatment systems does not guarantee use and that current educational efforts provided by state and local health departments may be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Edward Dotherow
- Department of Public Health, the University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Water and Health, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bettye Apenteng
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hansen
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Asli Aslan
- Institute for Water and Health, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
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5
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Carter MQ, Carychao D, Lindsey RL. Conditional expression of flagellar motility, curli fimbriae, and biofilms in Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia albertii. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1456637. [PMID: 39318426 PMCID: PMC11420993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1456637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging foodborne pathogen. We previously reported that some avian Shiga toxin-producing E. albertii strains exhibited higher or comparable cytotoxicity in Vero-d2EGFP cells with several enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) outbreak strains. To better understand the environmental persistence of this pathogen, comparative genomics and phenotypic assays were applied to assess adhesion capability, motility, and biofilm formation in E. albertii. Among the 108 adherence-related genes, those involved in biogenesis of curli fimbriae, hemorrhagic E. coli pilus, type 1 fimbriae, and Sfm fimbriae were conserved in E. albertii. All 20 E. albertii strains carried a complete set of primary flagellar genes that were organized into four gene clusters, while five strains possessed genes related to the secondary flagella, also known as lateral flagella. Compared to EHEC strain EDL933, the eight chemotaxis genes located within the primary flagellar gene clusters were deleted in E. albertii. Additional deletion of motility genes flhABCD and motBC was identified in several E. albertii strains. Swimming motility was detected in three strains when grown in LB medium, however, when grown in 5% TSB or in the pond water-supplemented with 10% pigeon droppings, an additional four strains became motile. Although all E. albertii strains carried curli genes, curli fimbriae were detected only in four, eight, and nine strains following 24, 48, and 120 h incubation, respectively. Type 1 fimbriae were undetectable in any of the strains grown at 37°C or 28°C. Strong biofilms were detected in strains that produced curli fimbriae and in a chicken isolate that was curli fimbriae negative but carried genes encoding adhesive fimbriae K88, a signature of enterotoxigenic E. coli strains causing neonatal diarrhea in piglets. In all phenotypic traits examined, no correlation was revealed between the strains isolated from different sources, or between the strains with and without Shiga toxin genes. The phenotypic variations could not be explained solely by the genetic diversity or the difference in adherence genes repertoire, implying complex regulation in expression of various adhesins. Strains that exhibited a high level of cytotoxicity and were also proficient in biofilm production, may have potential to emerge into high-risk pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Qiu Carter
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Diana Carychao
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca L Lindsey
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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6
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Lee H, Hwang SH, Shin H, Ha NC, Wang Q, Choi SH. Identification and characterization of a small molecule BFstatin inhibiting BrpR, the transcriptional regulator for biofilm formation of Vibrio vulnificus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1468567. [PMID: 39314881 PMCID: PMC11416940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria form biofilms that are resistant to not only host immune defenses but also antibiotics, posing a need for the development of strategies to control biofilms. In this study, to prevent biofilm formation of the fulminating foodborne pathogen Vibrio vulnificus, chemical libraries were extensively screened to identify a small molecule inhibiting the activity of BrpR, a transcriptional regulator for biofilm genes. Accordingly, the BrpR inhibitor BFstatin [N1-(2-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-N3-propylmalonamide], with a half-maximal effective concentration of 8.01 μM, was identified. BFstatin did not interfere with bacterial growth or exhibit cytotoxicity to the human epithelial cell line. BFstatin directly bound to BrpR and interrupted its binding to the target promoter DNAs of the downstream genes. Molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between BFstatin and BrpR proposed that BFstatin modifies the structure of BrpR, especially the DNA-binding domain. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that BFstatin reduces the expression of the BrpR regulon including the cabABC operon and brp locus which contribute to the production of biofilm matrix of V. vulnificus. Accordingly, BFstatin diminished the biofilm levels of V. vulnificus by inhibiting the matrix development in a concentration-dependent manner. Altogether, BFstatin could be an anti-biofilm agent targeting BrpR, thereby rendering V. vulnificus more susceptible to host immune defenses and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Couch J, Marsee JD, Callaway WW, Ho T, Glorioso KE, Mercante M, Williams B, Coughran C, Weiland MH, Miller JM. Novel DNA-Binding Activity Exhibited by Poly(aspartic acid) Hydrolase-1 Inhibits Poly(aspartic acid) Hydrolase Activity. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1901-1912. [PMID: 38995238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Significant attention has been shifted toward the use and development of biodegradable polymeric materials to mitigate environmental accumulation and potential health impacts. One such material, poly(aspartic acid) (PAA), is a biodegradable alternative to superabsorbent poly(carboxylates), like poly(acrylate). Three enzymes are known to hydrolyze PAA: PahZ1KT-1 and PahZ2KT-1 from Sphingomonas sp. KT-1 and PahZ1KP-2 from Pedobacter sp. KP-2. We previously reported the X-ray crystal structure for PahZ1KT-1, which revealed a homodimer complex with a strongly cationic surface spanning one side of each monomer. Here, we report the first characterization of any polymer hydrolase binding to DNA, where modeling data predict binding of the polyanionic DNA near the cationic substrate binding surface. Our data reveal that PahZ1 homologues from Sphingomonas sp. KT-1 and Pedobacter sp. KP-2 bind ssDNA and dsDNA with nanomolar binding affinities. PahZ1KT-1 binds ssDNA and dsDNA with an apparent dissociation constant, KD,app = 81 ± 14 and 19 ± 1 nM, respectively, and these estimates are similar to the same behaviors exhibited by PahZ1KP-2. Gel permeation chromatography data reveal that dsDNA binding promotes inhibition of PahZ1-catalyzed PAA biodegradation for each homologue. We propose a working model wherein binding of PahZ1 to extracellular biofilm DNA aids in the localization of the hydrolase to the environment in which PAA would first be encountered, thereby providing a mechanism to degrade extracellular PAA and potentially harvest aspartic acid for nutritional uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Couch
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Justin D Marsee
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Waylan W Callaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Thi Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Kathryn E Glorioso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Michael Mercante
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Britney Williams
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Connor Coughran
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Mitch H Weiland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, 11935 Abercorn Street, Savannah, Georgia 31419, United States
| | - Justin M Miller
- Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Chemistry, 1301 East Main Street, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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Heinen L, Groh S, Dzubiella J. Tuning nonequilibrium colloidal structure in external fields by density-dependent state switching. Phys Rev E 2024; 110:024604. [PMID: 39294997 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.024604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Biological cells have the ability to switch internal states depending on the density of other cells in their local environment, referred to as "quorum sensing." The latter can be utilized to control collective structuring, such as in biofilm formation. In this work, we study a simple quorum sensing model of ideal (noninteracting) colloids with a switchable internal degree of freedom in the presence of external potentials. The colloids have two possible discrete states, in which they are affected differently by the external field, and switch with rates dependent on the local density in their environment. We study this model with reactive Brownian dynamics simulations, as well as with an appropriate reaction-diffusion theory. We find remarkable structuring in the system controlled by the density-mediated interactions between the ideal colloids. We report results of different functional forms for the rate dependence and quantify the influence of their parameters, in particular, discuss the role of the spatiotemporal sensing range, i.e., how the resulting structures depend on how the environmental information is "measured" by the colloids. Especially in the case of a rate function with sigmoidal dependence on local density, i.e., requiring a threshold density for switching, we observe significant correlation effects in the density profiles which are tuneable by the sensing ranges but also sensitive to noise and fluctuations. Hence, our model gives some basic insights into the nonequilibrium structuring mediated by simple quorum sensing protocols.
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9
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Mäkelä K, Laanto E, Sundberg LR. Determinants in the phage life cycle: The dynamic nature of ssDNA phage FLiP and host interactions under varying environmental conditions and growth phases. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16670. [PMID: 38952172 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The influence of environmental factors on the interactions between phages and bacteria, particularly single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) phages, has been largely unexplored. In this study, we used Finnlakevirus FLiP, the first known ssDNA phage species with a lipid membrane, as our model phage. We examined the infectivity of FLiP with three Flavobacterium host strains, B330, B167 and B114. We discovered that FLiP infection is contingent on the host strain and conditions such as temperature and bacterial growth phase. FLiP can infect its hosts across a wide temperature range, but optimal phage replication varies with each host. We uncovered some unique aspects of phage infectivity: FLiP has limited infectivity in liquid-suspended cells, but it improves when cells are surface-attached. Moreover, FLiP infects stationary phase B167 and B114 cells more rapidly and efficiently than exponentially growing cells, a pattern not observed with the B330 host. We also present the first experimental evidence of endolysin function in ssDNA phages. The activity of FLiP's lytic enzymes was found to be condition-dependent. Our findings underscore the importance of studying phage ecology in contexts that are relevant to the environment, as both the host and the surrounding conditions can significantly alter the outcome of phage-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Mäkelä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Laanto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lotta-Riina Sundberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Mechmechani S, Yammine J, Alhuthali S, El Mouzawak M, Charvourou G, Ghasrsallaoui A, Chihib NE, Doulgeraki A, Karam L. Study of the Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm, Biofilm-Detached Cells, and Planktonic Cells to Microencapsulated Carvacrol Used Alone or Combined with Low-pH Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7222. [PMID: 39000327 PMCID: PMC11242642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms pose severe problems in the medical field and food industry, as they are the cause of many serious infections and food-borne diseases. The extreme biofilms' resistance to conventional anti-microbial treatments presents a major challenge to their elimination. In this study, the difference in resistance between Staphylococcus aureus DSMZ 12463 biofilms, biofilm-detached cells, and planktonic cells against microcapsules containing carvacrol was assessed. The antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of low pH disinfection medium containing the microencapsulated carvacrol was also studied. In addition, the effect of low pH on the in vitro carvacrol release from microcapsules was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration of microencapsulated carvacrol was 0.625 mg mL-1. The results showed that biofilms exhibited greater resistance to microencapsulated carvacrol than the biofilm-detached cells and planktonic cells. Low pH treatment alone, by hydrochloric acid addition, showed no bactericidal effect on any of the three states of S. aureus strain. However, microencapsulated carvacrol was able to significantly reduce the planktonic cells and biofilm-detached cells below the detection limit (no bacterial counts), and the biofilm by approximatively 3 log CFU mL-1. In addition, results showed that microencapsulated carvacrol combined with low pH treatment reduced biofilm by more than 5 log CFU mL-1. Thus, the use of microencapsulated carvacrol in acidic environment could be a promising approach to combat biofilms from abiotic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Mechmechani
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Jina Yammine
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Sakhr Alhuthali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Georgia Charvourou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products-Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Adem Ghasrsallaoui
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, CNRS, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nour Eddine Chihib
- Institut National de Recherche Pour L'agriculture, L'alimentation Et L'environnement (INRAE), University of Lille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 59120 Lille, France
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products-Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Layal Karam
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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11
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Li Z, Zhang M, Lei G, Lu X, Yang X, Kan B. A Single Base Change in the csgD Promoter Resulted in Enhanced Biofilm in Swine-Derived Salmonella Typhimurium. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1258. [PMID: 39065026 PMCID: PMC11278976 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Salmonella strains causing gastroenteritis typically can colonize and proliferate in the intestines of multiple host species. They retain the ability to form red dry and rough (rdar) biofilms, as seen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Conversely, Salmonella serovar like Typhi, which can cause systemic infections and exhibit host restriction, are rdar-negative. In this study, duck-derived strains and swine-derived strains of S. Typhimurium locate on independent phylogenetic clades and display relative genomic specificity. The duck isolates appear more closely related to human blood isolates and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS), whereas the swine isolates were more distinct. Phenotypically, compared to duck isolates, swine isolates exhibited enhanced biofilm formation that was unaffected by the temperature. The transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of csgDEFG transcription as the direct cause. This upregulation may be mainly attributed to the enhanced promoter activity caused by the G-to-T substitution at position -44 of the csgD promoter. Swine isolates have created biofilm polymorphisms by altering a conserved base present in Salmonella Typhi, iNTS, and most Salmonella Typhimurium (such as duck isolates). This provides a genomic characteristics perspective for understanding Salmonella transmission cycles and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Mengke Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Gaopeng Lei
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
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12
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Wang WM, Lu TH, Chen CY, Liao CM. Assessing microplastics-antibiotics coexistence induced ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a water region scale. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121721. [PMID: 38728782 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) waste is widespread globally in water systems. The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause serious acute and chronic infections that are notoriously difficult to treat. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is broadly applied as an anti-P. aeruginosa drug. A growing evidence reveals that antibiotic-resistance genes-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected on MPs forming plastisphere due to their adsorbability along with high occurrence of CIP in water environments. The MPs-niched CIP-resistant P. aeruginosa has been likely to emerge as an unignorable public health issue. Here, we offered a novel approach to assess the development of CIP-resistant P. aeruginosa under MPs-antibiotic coexistence at a water region scale. By combing the adsorption isotherm models used to estimate CIP condensation around MPs and a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-based microbial population dynamic model, we predicted the P. aeruginosa development on CIP-adsorbed MPs in waters. Our assessment revealed a high antibiotic resistance in the P. aeruginosa populations (∼50 %) with a wider range of waterborne total cell counts (∼10-2-104 cfu mL-1) among water regions in that the resistance proportion was primarily determined by CIP pollution level and relative abundance of various polymer type of MPs. We implicate that water region-specific MPs were highly likely to provide media for P. aeruginosa propagation. Our results highlight the importance of antibiotic-resistant pathogen colonization-emerging environmental medium interactions when addressing global threat from MPs pollution, in the context of MPs-antibiotics co-contamination assessment and for the continued provision of water system management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Wang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106319, China
| | - Tien-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 403514, China
| | - Chi-Yun Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL 32608, United States
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106319, China.
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13
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Jin Y, Liu Y, Zhu J, Liu H. Pillararenes: a new frontier in antimicrobial therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4202-4211. [PMID: 38727528 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Pillararenes have gained great interest among researchers in many fields due to their symmetric structure and facile functionalization. In this review, we summarize recent progress for pillararenes as antimicrobial agents, ranging from cationic pillararenes and peptide-modified pillararenes to sugar-functionalized pillararenes. Moreover, their structure-activity relationships are presented, and their mechanisms of action are discussed. As a state-of-the-art technology, their opportunities and outlook are also outlined in this emerging field. Overall, their potent inhibitory activity and high biocompatibility give them potential for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Jin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, P. R. China.
| | - Yisu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical college, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan 430073, P. R. China.
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14
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Hibbert T, Krpetic Z, Latimer J, Leighton H, McHugh R, Pottenger S, Wragg C, James CE. Antimicrobials: An update on new strategies to diversify treatment for bacterial infections. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 84:135-241. [PMID: 38821632 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Ninety-five years after Fleming's discovery of penicillin, a bounty of antibiotic compounds have been discovered, modified, or synthesised. Diversification of target sites, improved stability and altered activity spectra have enabled continued antibiotic efficacy, but overwhelming reliance and misuse has fuelled the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An estimated 1.27 million deaths were attributable to antibiotic resistant bacteria in 2019, representing a major threat to modern medicine. Although antibiotics remain at the heart of strategies for treatment and control of bacterial diseases, the threat of AMR has reached catastrophic proportions urgently calling for fresh innovation. The last decade has been peppered with ground-breaking developments in genome sequencing, high throughput screening technologies and machine learning. These advances have opened new doors for bioprospecting for novel antimicrobials. They have also enabled more thorough exploration of complex and polymicrobial infections and interactions with the healthy microbiome. Using models of infection that more closely resemble the infection state in vivo, we are now beginning to measure the impacts of antimicrobial therapy on host/microbiota/pathogen interactions. However new approaches are needed for developing and standardising appropriate methods to measure efficacy of novel antimicrobial combinations in these contexts. A battery of promising new antimicrobials is now in various stages of development including co-administered inhibitors, phages, nanoparticles, immunotherapy, anti-biofilm and anti-virulence agents. These novel therapeutics need multidisciplinary collaboration and new ways of thinking to bring them into large scale clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Hibbert
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Zeljka Krpetic
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Joe Latimer
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Hollie Leighton
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca McHugh
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sian Pottenger
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Charlotte Wragg
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chloë E James
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
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15
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Tran P, Lander SM, Prindle A. Active pH regulation facilitates Bacillus subtilis biofilm development in a minimally buffered environment. mBio 2024; 15:e0338723. [PMID: 38349175 PMCID: PMC10936434 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03387-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms provide individual bacteria with many advantages, yet dense cellular proliferation can also create intrinsic metabolic challenges including excessive acidification. Because such pH stress can be masked in buffered laboratory media-such as MSgg commonly used to study Bacillus subtilis biofilms-it is not always clear how such biofilms cope with minimally buffered natural environments. Here, we report how B. subtilis biofilms overcome this intrinsic metabolic challenge through an active pH regulation mechanism. Specifically, we find that these biofilms can modulate their extracellular pH to the preferred neutrophile range, even when starting from acidic and alkaline initial conditions, while planktonic cells cannot. We associate this behavior with dynamic interplay between acetate and acetoin biosynthesis and show that this mechanism is required to buffer against biofilm acidification. Furthermore, we find that buffering-deficient biofilms exhibit dysregulated biofilm development when grown in minimally buffered conditions. Our findings reveal an active pH regulation mechanism in B. subtilis biofilms that could lead to new targets to control unwanted biofilm growth.IMPORTANCEpH is known to influence microbial growth and community dynamics in multiple bacterial species and environmental contexts. Furthermore, in many bacterial species, rapid cellular proliferation demands the use of overflow metabolism, which can often result in excessive acidification. However, in the case of bacterial communities known as biofilms, these acidification challenges can be masked when buffered laboratory media are employed to stabilize the pH environment for optimal growth. Our study reveals that B. subtilis biofilms use an active pH regulation mechanism to mitigate both growth-associated acidification and external pH challenges. This discovery provides new opportunities for understanding microbial communities and could lead to new methods for controlling biofilm growth outside of buffered laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen M Lander
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arthur Prindle
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Bakalakos M, Ampadiotaki MM, Vlachos C, Sipsas N, Pneumaticos S, Vlamis J. Molecular Mechanisms of Biofilm Formation on Orthopaedic Implants: Review of the Literature. MAEDICA 2024; 19:129-136. [PMID: 38736937 PMCID: PMC11079743 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2021.19.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Orthopaedic implant-associated infections (OIAIs) is one of the most catastrophic complications following joint arthroplasty or fracture fixation. Given the increasing number of orthopaedic implants which are used annually, periprosthetic infections emerge as a global problem. Their diagnosis and consequent therapeutic management remain challenging for clinicians. Biofilm formation is a complex and only partially understood process that has not been extensively studied. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in biofilm formation is crucial in the amelioration of both diagnosis and therapeutic management of OIAIs. We performed a literature review of the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation and discussed the four most common and thoroughly researched microbes of biofilm-related OIAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios Bakalakos
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Vlachos
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Sipsas
- Infectious Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Pneumaticos
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John Vlamis
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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17
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Ma H, Alt DP, Falkenberg SM, Briggs RE, Tatum FM, Clawson ML, Casas E, Dassanayake RP. Transcriptomic profiles of Mannheimia haemolytica planktonic and biofilm associated cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297692. [PMID: 38329985 PMCID: PMC10852253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal agent contributing to bovine respiratory disease and can form biofilms with increased resistance to antibiotic treatment and host immune defenses. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying M. haemolytica biofilm formation, transcriptomic analyses were performed with mRNAs sequenced from planktonic and biofilm cultures of pathogenic serotypes 1 (St 1; strain D153) and St 6 (strain D174), and St 2 (strain D35). The three M. haemolytica serotypes were cultured in two different media, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 and brain heart infusion (BHI) to form the biofilms. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the functions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in biofilm associated cells were not significantly affected by the two media. A total of 476 to 662 DEGs were identified between biofilm associated cells and planktonic cells cultured under BHI medium. Functional analysis of the DEGs indicated that those genes were significantly enriched in translation and many biosynthetic processes. There were 234 DEGs identified in St 1 and 6, but not in St 2. The functions of the DEGs included structural constituents of ribosomes, transmembrane proton transportation, proton channels, and proton-transporting ATP synthase. Potentially, some of the DEGs identified in this study provide insight into the design of new M. haemolytica vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David P. Alt
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shollie M. Falkenberg
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Briggs
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Fred M. Tatum
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Clawson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Animal Health Genomic Research Unit, Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rohana P. Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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18
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Nascimento M, Rodrigues J, Matias R, Jordao L. Aeromonas spp. in Freshwater Bodies: Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Assembly. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:166. [PMID: 38391552 PMCID: PMC10886317 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are environmental bacteria able to infect animals and humans. Here, we aim to evaluate the role of biofilms in Aeromonas persistence in freshwater. Aeromonas were isolated from water and biofilm samples and identified by Vitek-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined according to EUCAST, and a crystal violet assay was used to assess biofilm assembly. MTT and the enumeration of colony-forming units were used to evaluate biofilm and planktonic Aeromonas susceptibility to chlorination, respectively. Identification at the species level was challenging, suggesting the need to improve the used methodologies. Five different Aeromonas species (A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila, A. media, A. popoffii and A. veronii) were identified from water, and one species was identified from biofilms (A. veronii). A. veronnii and A. salmonicida presented resistance to different antibiotics, whith the highest resistance rate observed for A. salmonicida (multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.25). Of the 21 isolates, 11 were biofilm producers, and 10 of them were strong biofilm producers (SBPs). The SBPs presented increased tolerance to chlorine disinfection when compared with their planktonic counterparts. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying biofilm tolerance to chlorine and support the importance of preventing biofilm assembly in water reservoirs, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nascimento
- Department of Environmental Health (DSA), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joao Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Diseases (DDI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Matias
- Department of Infectious Diseases (DDI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Jordao
- Department of Environmental Health (DSA), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Gunathilaka GADKK, Dewasmika WAPM, Sandaruwan UM, Neelawala NGDAK, Madhumali GED, Dissanayake BN, Priyantha MAR, Prasada DVP, Dissanayake DRA. Biofilm-forming ability, antibiotic resistance and phylogeny of Escherichia coli isolated from extra intestinal infections of humans, dogs, and chickens. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 105:102123. [PMID: 38217950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes various infections in humans and animals. The biofilm-forming ability of E. coli has increased antimicrobial resistance and capacity to cause recurrent and chronic infections. This study determined the biofilm-forming ability of E. coli isolated from extraintestinal infections of humans, chickens, and dogs in relation to the phylogroup, type of infection, and antibiotic resistance. Isolates from chickens showed significantly higher biofilm-forming ability compared to those causing urinary tract infections in humans (p = 0.0001). Further, isolates belonging to phylogroup B1 displayed a higher likelihood to form biofilms. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was positively correlated with biofilm-forming ability. Harbouring plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrS was also positively correlated with biofilm formation. This study provides insight into factors such as phylogroup and the type of infections that could enhance biofilm formation, as well as genotypic and phenotypic antibiotic resistance that could correlate with the ability to form biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A D K K Gunathilaka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - W A P M Dewasmika
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - U M Sandaruwan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - N G D A K Neelawala
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - G E D Madhumali
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - B N Dissanayake
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - D V P Prasada
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D R A Dissanayake
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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20
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Yang X, Narvaez-Bravo C, Zhang P. Driving forces shaping the microbial ecology in meat packing plants. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1333696. [PMID: 38322759 PMCID: PMC10844536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1333696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat production is a complex system, continually receiving animals, water, air, and workers, all of which serve as carriers of bacteria. Selective pressures involved in different meat processing stages such as antimicrobial interventions and low temperatures, may promote the accumulation of certain residential microbiota in meat cutting facilities. Bacteria including human pathogens from all these sources can contaminate meat surfaces. While significant advancements have been made in enhancing hygienic standards and pathogen control measures in meat plants, resulting in a notable reduction in STEC recalls and clinical cases, STEC still stands as a predominant contributor to foodborne illnesses associated with beef and occasionally with pork. The second-and third-generation sequencing technology has become popular in microbiota related studies and provided a better image of the microbial community in the meat processing environments. In this article, we reviewed the potential factors influencing the microbial ecology in commercial meat processing facilities and conducted a meta-analysis on the microbiota data published in the last 10 years. In addition, the mechanisms by which bacteria persist in meat production environments have been discussed with a focus on the significant human pathogen E. coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli, an indicator often used for the hygienic condition in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqin Yang
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | | | - Peipei Zhang
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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21
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De Soir S, Parée H, Kamarudin NHN, Wagemans J, Lavigne R, Braem A, Merabishvili M, De Vos D, Pirnay JP, Van Bambeke F. Exploiting phage-antibiotic synergies to disrupt Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms in the context of orthopedic infections. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0321923. [PMID: 38084971 PMCID: PMC10783084 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03219-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Biofilm-related infections are among the most difficult-to-treat infections in all fields of medicine due to their antibiotic tolerance and persistent character. In the field of orthopedics, these biofilms often lead to therapeutic failure of medical implantable devices and urgently need novel treatment strategies. This forthcoming article aims to explore the dynamic interplay between newly isolated bacteriophages and routinely used antibiotics and clearly indicates synergetic patterns when used as a dual treatment modality. Biofilms were drastically more reduced when both active agents were combined, thereby providing additional evidence that phage-antibiotic combinations lead to synergism and could potentially improve clinical outcome for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven De Soir
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Neder-over-Heembeek, Belgium
| | - Hortence Parée
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin
- Department of Materials Engineering, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maya Merabishvili
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Neder-over-Heembeek, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Neder-over-Heembeek, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Neder-over-Heembeek, Belgium
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Orgler E, Baumgartner M, Duller S, Kumptisch C, Hausmann B, Moser D, Khare V, Lang M, Köcher T, Frick A, Muttenthaler M, Makristathis A, Moissl-Eichinger C, Gasche C. Archaea influence composition of endoscopically visible ileocolonic biofilms. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2359500. [PMID: 38825783 PMCID: PMC11152093 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2359500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been implicated as a driver of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently we described, mucosal biofilms, signifying alterations in microbiota composition and bile acid (BA) metabolism in IBS and ulcerative colitis (UC). Luminal oxygen concentration is a key factor in the gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem and might be increased in IBS and UC. Here we analyzed the role of archaea as a marker for hypoxia in mucosal biofilms and GI homeostasis. The effects of archaea on microbiome composition and metabolites were analyzed via amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics in 154 stool samples of IBS-, UC-patients and controls. Mucosal biofilms were collected in a subset of patients and examined for their bacterial, fungal and archaeal composition. Absence of archaea, specifically Methanobrevibacter, correlated with disrupted GI homeostasis including decreased microbial diversity, overgrowth of facultative anaerobes and conjugated secondary BA. IBS-D/-M was associated with absence of archaea. Presence of Methanobrevibacter correlated with Oscillospiraceae and epithelial short chain fatty acid metabolism and decreased levels of Ruminococcus gnavus. Absence of fecal Methanobrevibacter may indicate a less hypoxic GI environment, reduced fatty acid oxidation, overgrowth of facultative anaerobes and disrupted BA deconjugation. Archaea and Ruminococcus gnavus could distinguish distinct subtypes of mucosal biofilms. Further research on the connection between archaea, mucosal biofilms and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Orgler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Baumgartner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Duller
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Kumptisch
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Moser
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Metabolomics Service and Research Facility, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrian Frick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Slijepcevic P. Principles of cognitive biology and the concept of biocivilisations. Biosystems 2024; 235:105109. [PMID: 38157923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A range of studies published in the last few decades promotes the cognitive aspects of life: all organisms, from bacteria to mammals, are capable of sensing/perception, decision-making, problem-solving, learning, and other cognitive functions, including sentience and consciousness. In this paper I present a scientific and philosophical synthesis of these studies, leading to an integrated view of cognitive biology. This view is expressed through the four principles applicable to all living systems: (1) sentience and consciousness, (2) autopoiesis, (3) free energy principle and relational biology, and (4) cognitive repertoire. The principles are circular, and they reinforce themselves. The circularity is not rigid, meaning that hierarchical and heterarchical shifts are widespread in the biosphere. The above principles emerged at the dawn of life, with the first cells, bacteria and archaea. All biogenic forms and functions that emerged since then can be traced to the first cells - indivisible units of biological agency. Following these principles, I developed the concept of biocivilisations to explain various forms of social intelligence in different kingdoms of life. The term biociviloisations draws on the human interpretation of the concept of civilisation, which searches for non-human equivalents of communication, engineering, science, medicine, art, and agriculture, in all kingdoms of life by applying the principles of cognitive biology. Potential avenues for testing the concept of biocivilisations are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Slijepcevic
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, England, UK.
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24
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Tanev MZ, Dobrev IN. Microscopic study of cultural and diffusion kinetics of the effects of a prototype extracellular matrix on the photodynamic therapy of periopathogenic bacteria - a pilot study. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2023; 65:922-928. [PMID: 38351781 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.65.e102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In dental medicine, photodynamic therapy is a promising treatment for bacterial infections. Oral biofilms, on the other hand, can produce an extracellular matrix that provides protection and stability against external forces.
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Guo Q, Zhan Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Yan Y, Wang W, Lin M. Development and Regulation of the Extreme Biofilm Formation of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 under Extreme Environmental Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:421. [PMID: 38203592 PMCID: PMC10778927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To grow in various harsh environments, extremophiles have developed extraordinary strategies such as biofilm formation, which is an extremely complex and progressive process. However, the genetic elements and exact mechanisms underlying extreme biofilm formation remain enigmatic. Here, we characterized the biofilm-forming ability of Deinococcus radiodurans in vitro under extreme environmental conditions and found that extremely high concentrations of NaCl or sorbitol could induce biofilm formation. Meantime, the survival ability of biofilm cells was superior to that of planktonic cells in different extreme conditions, such as hydrogen peroxide stress, sorbitol stress, and high UV radiation. Transcriptome profiles of D. radiodurans in four different biofilm development stages further revealed that only 13 matched genes, which are involved in environmental information processing, carbohydrate metabolism, or stress responses, share sequence homology with genes related to the biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, 64% of the differentially expressed genes are functionally unknown, indicating the specificity of the regulatory network of D. radiodurans. The mutation of the drRRA gene encoding a response regulator strongly impaired biofilm formation ability, implying that DrRRA is an essential component of the biofilm formation of D. radiodurans. Furthermore, transcripts from both the wild type and the drRRA mutant were compared, showing that the expression of drBON1 (Deinococcus radioduransBON domain-containing protein 1) significantly decreased in the drRRA mutant during biofilm development. Further analysis revealed that the drBON1 mutant lacked the ability to form biofilm and DrRRA, and as a facilitator of biofilm formation, could directly stimulate the transcription of the biofilm-related gene drBON1. Overall, our work highlights a molecular mechanism mediated by the response regulator DrRRA for controlling extreme biofilm formation and thus provides guidance for future studies to investigate novel mechanisms that are used by D. radiodurans to adapt to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhua Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongliang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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26
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Romero-Montero A, Melgoza-Ramírez LJ, Ruíz-Aguirre JA, Chávez-Santoscoy A, Magaña JJ, Cortés H, Leyva-Gómez G, Del Prado-Audelo ML. Essential-Oils-Loaded Biopolymeric Nanoparticles as Strategies for Microbial and Biofilm Control: A Current Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:82. [PMID: 38203252 PMCID: PMC10778842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial strains displaying resistance to the currently available antibiotics is a critical global concern. These resilient bacteria can form biofilms that play a pivotal role in the failure of bacterial infection treatments as antibiotics struggle to penetrate all biofilm regions. Consequently, eradicating bacteria residing within biofilms becomes considerably more challenging than their planktonic counterparts, leading to persistent and chronic infections. Among various approaches explored, essential oils loaded in nanoparticles based on biopolymers have emerged, promising strategies that enhance bioavailability and biological activities, minimize side effects, and control release through regulated pharmacokinetics. Different available reviews analyze nanosystems and essential oils; however, usually, their main goal is the analysis of their antimicrobial properties, and progress in biofilm combat is rarely discussed, or it is not the primary objective. This review aims to provide a global vision of biofilm conformation and describes mechanisms of action attributed to each EO. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in biopolymeric nanoparticles research, especially in chitosan- and zein-based nanosystems, targeting multidrug-resistant bacteria in both their sessile and biofilm forms, which will help to design precise strategies for combating biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Romero-Montero
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.R.-M.); (G.L.-G.)
| | - Luis Javier Melgoza-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (L.J.M.-R.); (J.A.R.-A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Jesús Augusto Ruíz-Aguirre
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (L.J.M.-R.); (J.A.R.-A.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Alejandra Chávez-Santoscoy
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
| | - Jonathan Javier Magaña
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (L.J.M.-R.); (J.A.R.-A.); (J.J.M.)
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.R.-M.); (G.L.-G.)
| | - María Luisa Del Prado-Audelo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (L.J.M.-R.); (J.A.R.-A.); (J.J.M.)
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Plante M. Epistemology of synthetic biology: a new theoretical framework based on its potential objects and objectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1266298. [PMID: 38053845 PMCID: PMC10694798 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1266298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology is a new research field which attempts to understand, modify, and create new biological entities by adopting a modular and systemic conception of the living organisms. The development of synthetic biology has generated a pluralism of different approaches, bringing together a set of heterogeneous practices and conceptualizations from various disciplines, which can lead to confusion within the synthetic biology community as well as with other biological disciplines. I present in this manuscript an epistemological analysis of synthetic biology in order to better define this new discipline in terms of objects of study and specific objectives. First, I present and analyze the principal research projects developed at the foundation of synthetic biology, in order to establish an overview of the practices in this new emerging discipline. Then, I analyze an important scientometric study on synthetic biology to complete this overview. Afterwards, considering this analysis, I suggest a three-level classification of the object of study for synthetic biology (which are different kinds of living entities that can be built in the laboratory), based on three successive criteria: structural hierarchy, structural origin, functional origin. Finally, I propose three successively linked objectives in which synthetic biology can contribute (where the achievement of one objective led to the development of the other): interdisciplinarity collaboration (between natural, artificial, and theoretical sciences), knowledge of natural living entities (past, present, future, and alternative), pragmatic definition of the concept of "living" (that can be used by biologists in different contexts). Considering this new theoretical framework, based on its potential objects and objectives, I take the position that synthetic biology has not only the potential to develop its own new approach (which includes methods, objects, and objectives), distinct from other subdisciplines in biology, but also the ability to develop new knowledge on living entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Plante
- Collège Montmorency, Laval, QC, Canada
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
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28
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Pokhrel AR, Steinbach G, Krueger A, Day TC, Tijani J, Ng SL, Hammer BK, Yunker PJ. The biophysical basis of bacterial colony growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567592. [PMID: 38014274 PMCID: PMC10680802 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria often attach to surfaces and grow densely-packed communities called biofilms. As biofilms grow, they expand across the surface, increasing their surface area and access to nutrients. Thus, the overall growth rate of a biofilm is directly dependent on its "range expansion" rate. One factor that limits the range expansion rate is vertical growth; at the biofilm edge there is a direct trade-off between horizontal and vertical growth-the more a biofilm grows up, the less it can grow out. Thus, the balance of horizontal and vertical growth impacts the range expansion rate and, crucially, the overall biofilm growth rate. However, the biophysical connection between horizontal and vertical growth remains poorly understood, due in large part to difficulty in resolving biofilm shape with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution from small length scales to macroscopic sizes. Here, we experimentally show that the horizontal expansion rate of bacterial colonies is controlled by the contact angle at the biofilm edge. Using white light interferometry, we measure the three-dimensional surface morphology of growing colonies, and find that small colonies are surprisingly well-described as spherical caps. At later times, nutrient diffusion and uptake prevent the tall colony center from growing exponentially. However, the colony edge always has a region short enough to grow exponentially; the size and shape of this region, characterized by its contact angle, along with cellular doubling time, determines the range expansion rate. We found that the geometry of the exponentially growing biofilm edge is well-described as a spherical-cap-napkin-ring, i.e., a spherical cap with a cylindrical hole in its center (where the biofilm is too tall to grow exponentially). We derive an exact expression for the spherical-cap-napkin-ring-based range expansion rate; further, to first order, the expansion rate only depends on the colony contact angle, the thickness of the exponentially growing region, and the cellular doubling time. We experimentally validate both of these expressions. In line with our theoretical predictions, we find that biofilms with long cellular doubling times and small contact angles do in fact grow faster than biofilms with short cellular doubling times and large contact angles. Accordingly, sensitivity analysis shows that biofilm growth rates are more sensitive to their contact angles than to their cellular growth rates. Thus, to understand the fitness of a growing biofilm, one must account for its shape, not just its cellular doubling time.
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29
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Ranđelović M, Dimitrijević M, Otašević S, Stanojević L, Išljamović M, Ignjatović A, Arsić-Arsenijević V, Stojanović-Radić Z. Antifungal Activity and Type of Interaction of Melissa officinalis Essential Oil with Antimycotics against Biofilms of Multidrug-Resistant Candida Isolates from Vulvovaginal Mucosa. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1080. [PMID: 37998884 PMCID: PMC10672467 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) is a major therapy issue due to its high resistance rate and virulence factors such as the ability to form biofilms. The possibility of combining commonly used antifungals with natural products might greatly improve therapeutic success. (2) Methods: A total of 49 vulvovaginal isolates, causative agents of recurrent VVC, were tested for their susceptibility to fluconazole, nystatin, and Melissa officinalis essential oil (MOEO). This examination included testing the antibiofilm potential of antifungals and MOEO and the determination of their types of interaction with mature biofilms. (3) Results: Antimicrobial testing showed that 94.4% of the Candida albicans isolates and all the Candida krusei isolates were resistant to fluconazole, while all strains showed resistance to nystatin. The same strains were susceptible to MOEO in 0.156-2.5 mg/mL concentrations. Additionally, the results revealed very limited action of fluconazole, while nystatin and MOEO reduced the amount of biofilm formed by as much as 17.7% and 4.6%, respectively. Testing of the combined effect showed strain-specific synergistic action. Furthermore, the lower concentrations exhibited antagonistic effects even in cases where synergism was detected. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that MOEO had a very good antibiofilm effect. However, combining MOEO with antimycotics demonstrated that the type of action depended on the choice of antifungal drugs as well as the applied concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ranđelović
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Centre of Microbiology, Public Health Institute Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Marina Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.D.); (Z.S.-R.)
| | - Suzana Otašević
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Centre of Microbiology, Public Health Institute Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Stanojević
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Milica Išljamović
- Department of Dental Health Care, Health Center Niš, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatović
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | | | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.D.); (Z.S.-R.)
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30
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Mallard TS, Roswell SS, Sylvester EP, Ofstead CL, Scanlan JM, Brandabur JJ, Ramakrishnan AV. A water-soluble alternative to simethicone for gastrointestinal endoscopy: Results of a clinical trial. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:1192-1195. [PMID: 37105357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
During endoscopy, simethicone defoaming agents are commonly used to improve visualization, but they leave residues and impact drying. This clinical trial involved patients undergoing colonoscopy procedures with substantial bubbles that impeded mucosal wall visibility. As an alternative to simethicone, investigators evaluated a water-soluble, ginger-based gastrointestinal supplement (GI-Ease) that did not contain sugars, thickeners, or binding agents. In 112/114 cases (98%), the bubbles were reduced sufficiently to allow visualization of the gastrointestinal tract, with no adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri S Mallard
- Providence Swedish Medical Center, Endoscopy, Seattle, WA.
| | | | | | | | - James M Scanlan
- Providence HRA, Providence Health and Services, Seattle, Washington; Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center Seattle, Seattle, Washington
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Bharathi SD, Dilshani A, Rishivanthi S, Khaitan P, Vamsidhar A, Jacob S. Resource Recycling, Recovery, and Xenobiotic Remediation from E-wastes Through Biofilm Technology: A Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5669-5692. [PMID: 35796946 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Around 50 million tonnes of electronic waste has been generated globally per year, causing an environmental hazard and negative effects on human health, such as infertility and thyroid disorders in adults, endocrine and neurological damage in both animals and humans, and impaired mental and physical development in children. Out of that, only 15% is recycled each year and the remaining is disposed of in a landfill, illegally traded or burned, and treated in a sub-standard way. The processes of recycling are challenged by the presence of brominated flame retardants. The different recycling technologies such as the chemical and mechanical methods have been well studied, while the most promising approach is the biological method. The process of utilizing microbes to decontaminate and degrade a wide range of pollutants into harmless products is known as bioremediation and it is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable method. The bioremediation process is significantly aided by biofilm communities attached to electronic waste because they promote substrate bioavailability, metabolite transfer, and cell viability, all of which accelerate bioleaching and biodegradation. Microbes existing in biofilm mode relatable to free-floating planktonic cells are advantageous of bioremediation due to their tolerant ability to environmental stress and pollutants through diverse catabolic pathways. This article discusses the harmful effects of electronic waste and its management using biological strategies especially biofilm-forming communities for resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Deepika Bharathi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aswin Dilshani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Rishivanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratham Khaitan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adhinarayan Vamsidhar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang J, Xu W, Zhang W, Da J, Liu L, Huang X, Yang C, Zhan Y, Jin H, Li Y, Zhang B. UV cross-linked injectable non-swelling dihydrocaffeic acid grafted chitosan hydrogel for promoting wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120926. [PMID: 37173025 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used as wound dressings for wound healing, but when hydrogels absorb wound exudate, swelling occurs and compresses the surrounding tissue, affecting healing. A chitosan injectable (CS/4-PA/CAT) hydrogel based on catechol and 4-glutenoic acid was prepared to avoid swelling and promote wound healing. After cross-linking by UV light, pentenyl groups formed hydrophobic alkyl chains which give the hydrogel a hydrophobic network and thus control its swelling. CS/4-PA/CAT hydrogels retained their non-swelling for a long time in PBS solution at 37 °C. CS/4-PA/CAT hydrogels had good injectable and adhesive properties, and had a good killing effect on E. coli and S. aureus and could remove the bacterial biofilms of E. coli and S. aureus. CS/4-PA/CAT hydrogels had good in vitro coagulation function by absorbing red blood cells and platelets. When used in a whole skin injury model, CS/4-PA/CAT-1 hydrogel stimulated fibroblast migration, promoted epithelialization and accelerated collagen deposition to promote defect healing, and showed good hemostatic effects in liver and femoral artery defects in mice. In summary, the non-swelling injectable hydrogel with free radical scavenging, rapid hemostasis, and antibacterial effects would be a promising treatment for defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Junlong Da
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chubo Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Zhan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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Montes-Robledo A, Buelvas-Montes Y, Baldiris-Avila R. Description of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli based on phylogenetic grouping, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 15:503-512. [PMID: 38045705 PMCID: PMC10692971 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i4.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a recently recognized and highly diverse pathotype of E. coli. Its significance as a pathogen has increased due to the emergence of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The aim of this study was to characterize ExPEC isolates from humans based on their phylogenetic group, virulence factor profile, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Materials and Methods The isolates were collected from patients with extraintestinal infections caused by E. coli, including urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and surgical site infections. The E. coli phylogenetic groups were determined using multiplex PCR. Additionally, the isolates were evaluated for their biofilm-forming abilities, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and presence of virulence genes. Results In this study, the isolates were classified into four phylogenetic groups: A (48.3%), B2 (25.8%), D (19.35%), and B1 (6.45%). All isolates exhibited at least one of the ten analyzed virulence factors. However, there was no direct evidence linking a specific phylogenetic group to a particular virulence factor. Nevertheless, the presence of the fimH, fyuA, ompT, traT, and kpsMTII virulence genes was correlated with the production of strong biofilms, multidrug resistance (MDR), and the production of alpha hemolysin. Conclusion This study provides a description of the phylogenetic groups in ExPEC and their potential association with virulence factor profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Montes-Robledo
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, School of Biology, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Department of Basic Health, School of Medicine, Universidad del Sinú Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Yaleyvis Buelvas-Montes
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, School of Biology, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Department of Basic Health, School of Medicine, Universidad del Sinú Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Rosa Baldiris-Avila
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, School of Biology, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Jiang Y, Wang P, Qu M, Wang T, Li F, Wang L, Yao L. Effects of luxS gene on growth characteristics, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance of multi-antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 isolated from shellfish. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad172. [PMID: 37580170 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide, which can cause gastroenteritis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of quorum sensing system LuxS/AI-2-related gene luxS on the biological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 from shellfish, which carried a multi-antimicrobial-resistant plasmid. METHODS AND RESULTS The critical gene luxS related to the synthesis of AI-2 in V. parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 was knocked out by homologous recombination with suicide plasmid. The effect of luxS on the biological characteristics of V. parahaemolyticus was determined by comparing the growth, AI-2 activity, motility, biofilm formation ability, and antibiotic resistance between the wildtype strain and the luxS deletion mutant. Compared with wildtype strain, the production of AI-2, the motility and biofilm formation ability, antimicrobial resistance, and conjugation frequency of luxS deletion mutant strain were decreased. The transcriptome sequencing showed that the transcriptional levels of many genes related to motility, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and conjugation were significantly downregulated after luxS deletion. CONCLUSIONS Quorum sensing system LuxS/AI-2-related gene luxS in V. parahaemolyticus Vp2015094 played an important role in growth characteristics, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and resistance genes' transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fengling Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Lianzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Lin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Saini S, Kukrety A, Patel PA, Kumar U, Senthilkumar T. Synthesis of polycationic nanoparticles for microbial inhibition and killing. Nanotheranostics 2023; 7:412-423. [PMID: 37650012 PMCID: PMC10464521 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.84574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial polymers (AMP) appear to be a promising candidate to deal with the current scenario of bacterial resistance against conventional drugs and antibiotics as they mainly depend on disrupting the bacterial membrane. This work investigates the effect of polycations bearing aromatic and aliphatic pendant cationic groups on the antimicrobial performance of AMP. A radical polymerization strategy was adopted to synthesize two different copolymers and convert them into polycations upon post-modification. Polyelectrolytes were converted into nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation and named PE1 and PE2. Polymers were analyzed by NMR, FT-IR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). PE1 and PE2 nanoparticles were uniform, spherical particles from FESEM, size, and zeta potential measurements. The antimicrobial properties of polyelectrolytes were determined against pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus Subtilis (B. Subtilis), Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens (B. Amyloliquefaciens) and Citrobecter Freundii (C. Freundii) bacterias. The biocidal activity determination studies showed that polyelectrolyte PE2 with aromatic pendant units outperformed PE1 with the aliphatic pendant group. This work highlights the remarkable effect of aromatic segmentation, which provides microbial inhibition, and killing is demonstrated as an antibacterial surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Saini
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Aruna Kukrety
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, India
| | - Pratima Ashok Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Biochemical Science Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - T. Senthilkumar
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Król JE, Ehrlich GD. Using SMART Magnetic Fluids and Gels for Prevention and Destruction of Bacterial Biofilms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1515. [PMID: 37375017 PMCID: PMC10305264 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofouling is a major problem in all natural and artificial settings where solid surfaces meet liquids in the presence of living microorganisms. Microbes attach to the surface and form a multidimensional slime that protects them from unfavorable environments. These structures, known as biofilms, are detrimental and very hard to remove. Here, we used SMART magnetic fluids [ferrofluids (FFs), magnetorheological fluids (MRFs), and ferrogels (FGs) containing iron oxide nano/microparticles] and magnetic fields to remove bacterial biofilms from culture tubes, glass slides, multiwell plates, flow cells, and catheters. We compared the ability of different SMART fluids to remove biofilms and found that commercially available, as well as homemade, FFs, MRFs, and FGs can successfully remove biofilm more efficiently than traditional mechanical methods, especially from textured surfaces. In tested conditions, SMARTFs reduced bacterial biofilms by five orders of magnitude. The ability to remove biofilm increased with the amount of magnetic particles; therefore, MRFs, FG, and homemade FFs with high amounts of iron oxide were the most efficient. We showed also that SMART fluid deposition can protect a surface from bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Possible applications of these technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosƚaw E. Król
- Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Center for Genomic Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Garth D. Ehrlich
- Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Center for Genomic Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Department Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kang T, Zhou M, Yan X, Song S, Yuan S, Yang H, Ding H, Jiang H, Zhang D, Bai Y, Zhang N. Biofilm formation and correlations with drug resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae. Vet Microbiol 2023; 283:109777. [PMID: 37267807 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Infectious synovitis in chickens caused by Mycoplasma synoviae infections are characterized by exudative synovial joint membranes and tenosynovitis. We isolated M. synoviae from chickens on farms in Guangdong, China and identifed 29 K-type and 3 A-type strains using vlhA genotyping and all displayed decreased susceptibilities to enrofloxacin, doxycycline, tiamulin and tylosin compared with the type strain WVU1853 (ATCC 25204). M. synoviae biofilms were present after staining as block or continuous dot shape morphologies and these appeared as tower-like and mushroom-like structures in scanning electron micrographs. The optimal temperature for biofilm formation was 33 °C and these biofilms enhanced the resistance of M. synoviae to all 4 antibiotics we tested and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration for enrofloxacin and biofilm biomass were significantly negatively correlated (r < 0, 0.3 ≤|r|<0.5, P < 0.05). This work is the first study of the biofilm formation ability of M. synoviae and provides the foundation for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Kang
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Minghu Zhou
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Xiu Yan
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Shuti Song
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Huanzhong Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexian Zhang
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of life science and engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
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Nouir S, Dbeibia A, Bouhajeb R, Haddad H, Khélifa A, Achour L, Ghardallou M, Zaïri A. Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Effects of Globularia alypum (L.) Leaves. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104019. [PMID: 37241760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globularia alypum L. (GA) is a Mediterranean plant of the Globulariaceae family which is widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities, and the antiproliferative potential of different extracts of this plant. The identification and the quantification of the different constituents of extracts were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activities were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods and chemical tests. The antiproliferative study was based on the use of colorectal cancer SW620 cells, including an antibacterial assessment with the microdilution method and analysis of the antibiofilm effects via the crystal violet assay. All extracts presented several components, mainly sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbon, and oxygenated monoterpenes. The results revealed that the maceration extract had the most important antioxidant effect (IC50 = 0.04 and 0.15 mg/mL), followed by the sonication extract (IC50 = 0.18 and 0.28 mg/mL). However, the sonication extract demonstrated significant antiproliferative (IC50 = 20 µg/mL), antibacterial (MIC = 6.25 mg/mLand MBC > 25 mg/mL), and antibiofilm (35.78% at 25 mg/mL) properties against S. aureus. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of therapeutic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Nouir
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Amal Dbeibia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Rim Bouhajeb
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Houda Haddad
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Amani Khélifa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Achour
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ghardallou
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zaïri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
- High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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You Z, Li J, Wang Y, Wu D, Li F, Song H. Advances in mechanisms and engineering of electroactive biofilms. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108170. [PMID: 37148984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive biofilms (EABs) are electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) encased in conductive polymers that are secreted by EAMs and formed by the accumulation and cross-linking of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other components. EABs are present in the form of multicellular aggregates and play a crucial role in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for diverse applications, including biosensors, microbial fuel cells for renewable bioelectricity production and remediation of wastewaters, and microbial electrosynthesis of valuable chemicals. However, naturally occurred EABs are severely limited owing to their low electrical conductivity that seriously restrict the electron transfer efficiency and practical applications. In the recent decade, synthetic biology strategies have been adopted to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of EABs, and to enhance the formation and electrical conductivity of EABs. Based on the formation of EABs and extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanisms, the synthetic biology-based engineering strategies of EABs are summarized and reviewed as follows: (i) Engineering the structural components of EABs, including strengthening the synthesis and secretion of structural elements such as polysaccharides, eDNA, and structural proteins, to improve the formation of biofilms; (ii) Enhancing the electron transfer efficiency of EAMs, including optimizing the distribution of c-type cytochromes and conducting nanowire assembly to promote contact-based EET, and enhancing electron shuttles' biosynthesis and secretion to promote shuttle-mediated EET; (iii) Incorporating intracellular signaling molecules in EAMs, including quorum sensing systems, secondary messenger systems, and global regulatory systems, to increase the electron transfer flux in EABs. This review lays a foundation for the design and construction of EABs for diverse BES applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan You
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianxun Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Deguang Wu
- Department of Brewing Engineering, Moutai Institute, Luban Ave, Renhuai 564507, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Silva E Carvalho I, Pratavieira S, Salvador Bagnato V, Alves F. Sonophotodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm mediated by curcumin. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:606-616. [PMID: 37537876 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2241385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is a major challenge, as biofilms are less responsive to conventional treatments and responsible for persistent infections. This has led to the investigation of alternative approaches for biofilm control such as photodynamic (PDI) and sonodynamic (SDI) inactivation. The combination of them, known as Sonophotodynamic Inactivation (SPDI), has improved the effectiveness of the process. Curcumin, a well-established photosensitizer, has been identified as a potential sonosensitizer. This study evaluated the most effective combination for SPDI against P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro, varying curcumin concentrations and ultrasound intensities. The results indicated that the inactivation was directly proportional to the curcumin concentration. Using curcumin 120 µM and 3.0 W.cm-2 of ultrasound intensity, SPDI demonstrated the highest and the best synergistic results, equivalent to 6.9 ± 2.1 logs of reduction. PDI reduced 0.7 ± 0.9 log and SDI had no effect. In conclusion, SPDI with curcumin is a promising approach for biofilm inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, TX A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fernanda Alves
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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Manoharadas S, Ahmad N, Altaf M, Alrefaei AF, Al-Rayes BF. An Enzybiotic Cocktail Effectively Disrupts Preformed Dual Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040564. [PMID: 37111322 PMCID: PMC10145859 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise around the world. Chronic infections caused by these pathogens through biofilm mediation often complicate the situation. In natural settings, biofilms are often formed with different species of bacteria existing synergistically or antagonistically. Biofilms on diabetic foot ulcers are formed predominantly by two opportunistic pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Bacteriophages and phage-based proteins, including endolysins, have been found to be active against biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the activity of two engineered enzybiotics either by themselves or as a combination against a dual biofilm formed by S. aureus and E. faecalis in an inert glass surface. An additive effect in rapidly disrupting the preformed dual biofilm was observed with the cocktail of proteins, in comparison with mono treatment. The cocktail-treated biofilms were dispersed by more than 90% within 3 h of treatment. Apart from biofilm disruption, bacterial cells embedded in the biofilm matrix were also effectively reduced by more than 90% within 3 h of treatment. This is the first instance where a cocktail of engineered enzybiotics has been effectively used to impede the structural integrity of a dual biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel F Al-Rayes
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Tripathi M, Singh P, Singh R, Bala S, Pathak N, Singh S, Chauhan RS, Singh PK. Microbial biosorbent for remediation of dyes and heavy metals pollution: A green strategy for sustainable environment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1168954. [PMID: 37077243 PMCID: PMC10109241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic wastes like heavy metals and dyes are released into the environment as a direct result of industrialization and technological progress. The biosorption of contaminants utilizes a variety of biomaterials. Biosorbents can adsorb toxic pollutants on their surface through various mechanisms like complexation, precipitation, etc. The quantity of sorption sites that are accessible on the surface of the biosorbent affects its effectiveness. Biosorption’s low cost, high efficiency, lack of nutrient requirements, and ability to regenerate the biosorbent are its main advantages over other treatment methods. Optimization of environmental conditions like temperature, pH, nutrient availability, and other factors is a prerequisite to achieving optimal biosorbent performance. Recent strategies include nanomaterials, genetic engineering, and biofilm-based remediation for various types of pollutants. The removal of hazardous dyes and heavy metals from wastewater using biosorbents is a strategy that is both efficient and sustainable. This review provides a perspective on the existing literature and brings it up-to-date by including the latest research and findings in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Manikant Tripathi,
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saroj Bala
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajveer Singh Chauhan
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Pradeep Kumar Singh,
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Bravo P, Lung Ng S, MacGillivray KA, Hammer BK, Yunker PJ. Vertical growth dynamics of biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214211120. [PMID: 36881625 PMCID: PMC10089195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214211120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the biofilm life cycle, bacteria attach to a surface and then reproduce, forming crowded, growing communities. Many theoretical models of biofilm growth dynamics have been proposed; however, difficulties in accurately measuring biofilm height across relevant time and length scales have prevented testing these models, or their biophysical underpinnings, empirically. Using white light interferometry, we measure the heights of microbial colonies with nanometer precision from inoculation to their final equilibrium height, producing a detailed empirical characterization of vertical growth dynamics. We propose a heuristic model for vertical growth dynamics based on basic biophysical processes inside a biofilm: diffusion and consumption of nutrients and growth and decay of the colony. This model captures the vertical growth dynamics from short to long time scales (10 min to 14 d) of diverse microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bravo
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
- Interdisciplinary Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
| | - Siu Lung Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
| | - Kathryn A. MacGillivray
- Interdisciplinary Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
| | - Brian K. Hammer
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
| | - Peter J. Yunker
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332
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Karruli A, Catalini C, D’Amore C, Foglia F, Mari F, Harxhi A, Galdiero M, Durante-Mangoni E. Evidence-Based Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: A Critical Reappraisal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020399. [PMID: 36830309 PMCID: PMC9952410 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is emerging as a major threat related to adverse patient outcomes. The goal of this review is to describe evidence-based empiric and targeted treatment regimens that can be exploited when dealing with suspected or confirmed infections due to MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa has inherent resistance to many drug classes, the capacity to form biofilms, and most importantly, the ability to quickly acquire resistance to ongoing treatments. Based on the presence of risk factors for MDR/XDR infections and local epidemiology, where large proportions of strains are resistant to classic beta-lactams, the recommended empirical treatment for suspected P. aeruginosa infections is based on ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam. Where local epidemiology indicates low rates of MDR/XDR and there are no risk factors, a third or fourth generation cephalosporin can be used in the context of a "carbapenem-sparing" strategy. Whenever feasible, antibiotic de-escalation is recommended after antimicrobial susceptibility tests suggest that it is appropriate, and de-escalation is based on different resistance mechanisms. Cefiderocol and imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam withstand most resistance mechanisms and may remain active in cases with resistance to other new antibiotics. Confronting the growing threat of MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa, treatment choices should be wise, sparing newer antibiotics when dealing with a suspected/confirmed susceptible P. aeruginosa strain and choosing the right option for MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa based on specific types and resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arta Karruli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital “Mother Teresa”, 10001 Tirana, Albania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-324-6222295
| | - Christian Catalini
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara D’Amore
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Foglia
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Mari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Arjan Harxhi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital “Mother Teresa”, 10001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Unit of Infectious and Transplant Medicine, AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
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do Rosário Palma AL, Santos PBDRED, Pereira TC, Marcucci MC, Sawaya ACHF, de Oliveira LD. Effects of Calendula officinalis and Capsicum annum glycolic extracts on planktonic cells and biofilms of multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:145-156. [PMID: 36971265 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2192406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Empirical knowledge of natural plant extracts is increasingly proving to be a promising field. The effect of Calendula officinalis L. (CO) and Capsicum annum (CA) glycolic extracts (GlExt) have potential that should be further developed in microbial tests. The effect of CO-GlExt and CA-GlExt was evaluated on eight multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as collection strains for each bacterial. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined in comparison with 0.12% chlorhexidine. The tests were performed on single species biofilms, at 5 min and 24 h, using the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. The MIC and MBC of the extract ranged from 1.56 to 50 mg mL-1 for all strains evaluated. Analysis of the MTT assay revealed a strong antimicrobial potential of CA-GlExt, comparable to chlorhexidine. The findings suggest that CA-GlExt is effective against multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa in planktonic state and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza do Rosário Palma
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Anhembi Morumbi University (UAM), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pamela Beatriz do Rosário Estevam Dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Cristine Pereira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Marcucci
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Milton ME, Cavanagh J. The Biofilm Regulatory Network from Bacillus subtilis: A Structure-Function Analysis. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167923. [PMID: 36535428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are notorious for their ability to protect bacteria from environmental challenges, most importantly the action of antibiotics. Bacillus subtilis is an extensively studied model organism used to understand the process of biofilm formation. A complex network of principal regulatory proteins including Spo0A, AbrB, AbbA, Abh, SinR, SinI, SlrR, and RemA, work in concert to transition B. subtilis from the free-swimming planktonic state to the biofilm state. In this review, we explore, connect, and summarize decades worth of structural and biochemical studies that have elucidated this protein signaling network. Since structure dictates function, unraveling aspects of protein molecular mechanisms will allow us to devise ways to exploit critical features of the biofilm regulatory pathway, such as possible therapeutic intervention. This review pools our current knowledge base of B. subtilis biofilm regulatory proteins and highlights potential therapeutic intervention points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Milton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC 27834, USA.
| | - John Cavanagh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC 27834, USA.
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Olanbiwoninu A, Popoola B. Biofilms and their impact on the food industry. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103523. [PMID: 36568412 PMCID: PMC9772555 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm could be defined as a complex communities of microorganisms seen affixed to surfaces, they form clusters without sticking to any surface and buried firmly in an extracellular matrix (ECM). This matrix is formed by microorganisms in the formation of either extracellular polymeric substances (EPSS) or extracellular polymer. Many reviews have addressed the negative consequences of biofilm production in the food industry, among which we talk about biofilms being responsible for spoilage microorganisms and foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus etc. These contamination could be linked to biofilms presence in the processing plant. Although researches have tried conferring solutions to these challenges in the food industry, however, in this review we have tried to focus on the positive impact of biofilms formed in the food industry. It is critically expedient while trying to find the solution to the challenges of biofilm in the food industry to develop and give a major focus on the advantages and positive impact biofilm has in the food industry, which has been greatly neglected. Hence in this article, we have highlighted some positive impacts of biofilms formed in the food industry, like enhancing plant health and productivity of food products, as an agent of water and wastewater treatment in the food industry, as a tool in reducing the amount of excess sludge in the wastewater treatment plant. The development of edible biofilms, fermented food products and the production of biodegradable food packaging are also part of biofilms beneficial roles in the food industries.
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Jia J, Parmar D, Ellis JF, Cao T, Cutri AR, Shrout JD, Sweedler JV, Bohn PW. Effect of Micro-Patterned Mucin on Quinolone and Rhamnolipid Profiles of Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Antibiotic Stress. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:150-161. [PMID: 36538577 PMCID: PMC10116410 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is commonly implicated in hospital-acquired infections where its capacity to form biofilms on a variety of surfaces and the resulting enhanced antibiotic resistance seriously limit treatment choices. Because surface attachment sensitizes P. aeruginosa to quorum sensing (QS) and induces virulence through both chemical and mechanical cues, we investigate the effect of surface properties through spatially patterned mucin, combined with sub-inhibitory concentrations of tobramycin on QS and virulence factors in both mucoid and non-mucoid P. aeruginosa strains using multi-modal chemical imaging combining confocal Raman microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry. Samples comprise surface-adherent static biofilms at a solid-water interface, supernatant liquid, and pellicle biofilms at an air-water interface at various time points. Although the presence of a sub-inhibitory concentration of tobramycin in the supernatant retards growth and development of static biofilms independent of strain and surface mucin patterning, we observe clear differences in the behavior of mucoid and non-mucoid strains. Quinolone signals in a non-mucoid strain are induced earlier and are influenced by mucin surface patterning to a degree not exhibited in the mucoid strain. Additionally, phenazine virulence factors, such as pyocyanin, are observed in the pellicle biofilms of both mucoid and non-mucoid strains but are not detected in the static biofilms from either strain, highlighting the differences in stress response between pellicle and static biofilms. Differences between mucoid and non-mucoid strains are consistent with their strain-specific phenology, in which the mucoid strain develops highly protected biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dharmeshkumar Parmar
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joanna F Ellis
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tianyuan Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Allison R Cutri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Joshua D Shrout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Lee H, Im H, Hwang SH, Ko D, Choi SH. Two novel genes identified by large-scale transcriptomic analysis are essential for biofilm and rugose colony development of Vibrio vulnificus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011064. [PMID: 36656902 PMCID: PMC9888727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria form biofilms to survive under environmental stresses and host immune defenses. Differential expression (DE) analysis of the genes in biofilm and planktonic cells under a single condition, however, has limitations to identify the genes essential for biofilm formation. Independent component analysis (ICA), a machine learning algorithm, was adopted to comprehensively identify the biofilm genes of Vibrio vulnificus, a fulminating human pathogen, in this study. ICA analyzed the large-scale transcriptome data of V. vulnificus cells under various biofilm and planktonic conditions and then identified a total of 72 sets of independently co-regulated genes, iModulons. Among the three iModulons specifically activated in biofilm cells, BrpT-iModulon mainly consisted of known genes of the regulon of BrpT, a transcriptional regulator controlling biofilm formation of V. vulnificus. Interestingly, the BrpT-iModulon additionally contained two novel genes, VV1_3061 and VV2_1694, designated as cabH and brpN, respectively. cabH and brpN were shared in other Vibrio species and not yet identified by DE analyses. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that cabH and brpN are directly up-regulated by BrpT. The deletion of cabH and brpN impaired the robust biofilm and rugose colony formation. CabH, structurally similar to the previously known calcium-binding matrix protein CabA, was essential for attachment to the surface. BrpN, carrying an acyltransferase-3 domain as observed in BrpL, played an important role in exopolysaccharide production. Altogether, ICA identified two novel genes, cabH and brpN, which are regulated by BrpT and essential for the development of robust biofilms and rugose colonies of V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhyeok Im
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Hwang
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhyun Ko
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Jiang D, Yao X, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Zhang G, Yu Y, Lu A, Wang Y. Pan-genome wide association study of Glaesserella parasuis highlights genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160433. [PMID: 37138622 PMCID: PMC10149723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes fibrotic polyserositis and arthritis in pig, significantly affecting the pig industry. The pan-genome of G. parasuis is open. As the number of genes increases, the core and accessory genomes may show more pronounced differences. The genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation are also still unclear due to the diversity of G. parasuis. Therefore, we have applied a pan-genome-wide association study (Pan-GWAS) to 121 strains G. parasuis. Our analysis revealed that the core genome consists of 1,133 genes associated with the cytoskeleton, virulence, and basic biological processes. The accessory genome is highly variable and is a major cause of genetic diversity in G. parasuis. Furthermore, two biologically important traits (virulence, biofilm formation) of G. parasuis were studied via pan-GWAS to search for genes associated with the traits. A total of 142 genes were associated with strong virulence traits. By affecting metabolic pathways and capturing the host nutrients, these genes are involved in signal pathways and virulence factors, which are beneficial for bacterial survival and biofilm formation. This research lays the foundation for further studies on virulence and biofilm formation and provides potential new drug and vaccine targets against G. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dike Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-Based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery (HKAP), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Wang,
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