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Artaza L, Campello AF, Soimu G, Alves FRF, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Outcome of Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment of Teeth With Large Apical Periodontitis Lesions: A Retrospective Study. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00441-2. [PMID: 39151889 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study reported on the outcome of the nonsurgical root canal treatment/retreatment of teeth with large apical periodontitis lesions. The influence of some variables on the prognosis was also evaluated. METHODS The study included 199 teeth with large apical periodontitis lesions from 184 patients, treated/retreated by a single operator. Most teeth were managed in a single visit using NaOCl irrigation. Cases were followed up periodically from >1 to 8 years. Treatment/retreatment outcome was evaluated by clinical and radiographic/tomographic criteria and categorized as healed, healing, or diseased. For statistical analysis, data were dichotomized in such a way that healing cases were considered as success in a loose criterion or failure in a rigid one. RESULTS Clinical/radiographic analyses revealed that 67% of the initial treatment cases were classified as healed, 22.5% as healing, and 11% as diseased. Treatment success rates were 89% (loose) and 67% (rigid). Variables that influenced the treatment outcome included previous abscess and antibiotic use, very large lesions (≥10 mm), and a sinus tract. The median follow-up time for treatment was 31.5 months. As for retreatment cases, 47% were healed, 32% were healing, and 21% were diseased. Retreatment success rates were 79% (loose) and 47% (rigid), in a median follow-up of 32 months. Cases evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography had lower healed rates. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that high favorable outcome rates can be achieved by nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment of teeth with large apical periodontitis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Artaza
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, Maimonides University (UMAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea F Campello
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Soimu
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávio R F Alves
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lee S, Portlock T, Le Chatelier E, Garcia-Guevara F, Clasen F, Oñate FP, Pons N, Begum N, Harzandi A, Proffitt C, Rosario D, Vaga S, Park J, von Feilitzen K, Johansson F, Zhang C, Edwards LA, Lombard V, Gauthier F, Steves CJ, Gomez-Cabrero D, Henrissat B, Lee D, Engstrand L, Shawcross DL, Proctor G, Almeida M, Nielsen J, Mardinoglu A, Moyes DL, Ehrlich SD, Uhlen M, Shoaie S. Global compositional and functional states of the human gut microbiome in health and disease. Genome Res 2024; 34:967-978. [PMID: 39038849 PMCID: PMC11293553 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278637.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is of increasing interest, with metagenomics a key tool for analyzing bacterial diversity and functionality in health and disease. Despite increasing efforts to expand microbial gene catalogs and an increasing number of metagenome-assembled genomes, there have been few pan-metagenomic association studies and in-depth functional analyses across different geographies and diseases. Here, we explored 6014 human gut metagenome samples across 19 countries and 23 diseases by performing compositional, functional cluster, and integrative analyses. Using interpreted machine learning classification models and statistical methods, we identified Fusobacterium nucleatum and Anaerostipes hadrus with the highest frequencies, enriched and depleted, respectively, across different disease cohorts. Distinct functional distributions were observed in the gut microbiomes of both westernized and nonwesternized populations. These compositional and functional analyses are presented in the open-access Human Gut Microbiome Atlas, allowing for the exploration of the richness, disease, and regional signatures of the gut microbiota across different cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjae Lee
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 61005, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Theo Portlock
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | | | - Fernando Garcia-Guevara
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Frederick Clasen
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicolas Pons
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Neelu Begum
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Azadeh Harzandi
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Proffitt
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Dorines Rosario
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Vaga
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Junseok Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalle von Feilitzen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Fredric Johansson
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Lindsey A Edwards
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Liver Studies, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Lombard
- INRAE, USC1408 Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille 13288, France
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Franck Gauthier
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debbie L Shawcross
- Institute of Liver Studies, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Almeida
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- BioInnovation Institute, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - David L Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav Dusko Ehrlich
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden;
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
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Vieira WDA, de-Jesus-Soares A, Lopes EM, Gomes BPFA, Lima BP. Effect of supplementary sodium hypochlorite agitation techniques on an ex vivo oral multispecies biofilm during passive disinfection of simulated immature roots. Int Endod J 2024; 57:966-980. [PMID: 38387884 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) agitation techniques on an ex vivo oral multispecies biofilm during passive disinfection of simulated immature roots. METHODOLOGY Extracted human teeth were prepared to simulate immature roots. They were infected with a dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilm and cultured for 14 days. The roots were randomly designated into four groups: (1) negative control (PBS), (2) 1.5% NaOCl (CNI), (3) CNI + Ultrasonic activation (UA), (4) CNI + EasyClean agitation (ECA), (5) CNI + XP-endo finisher agitation (XPF), and (6) positive control (6% NaOCl). Biofilm samples were collected from the root canals and used to determine the number of viable cells (colony-forming units), scanning electron microscopy, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The mean colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) were analysed using One-way anova. 16S rRNA sequencing data were analysed for alpha (observed OTUs, Shannon index, and Chao1) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities). The LEfSe analysis was used to determine the effect of treatment procedures on the abundance of root canal microbiota. The significance was set at .05. RESULTS PBS and CNI samples had significantly higher CFU/mL counts than UA, ECA, XPF, and 6% NaOCl samples (p < .05). The pre-treatment, PBS, and CNI groups had significantly greater alpha diversity than the UA, ECA, XPF, and 6% NaOCl groups (p < .05). NaOCl agitation groups and the 6% NaOCl group achieved a more pronounced reduction in bacteria from the genera Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, and Capnocytophaga. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of passive disinfection protocols was enhanced by NaOCl agitation techniques, suggesting that this supplementary method can improve the outcome of revitalization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adriana de-Jesus-Soares
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Erica M Lopes
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Lima
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Hernández SR, Siqueira JF, Voigt DD, Soimu G, Brasil SC, Provenzano JC, Mdala I, Alves FRF, Rôças IN. Bacteriologic Conditions of the Apical Root Canal System of Teeth with and without Posttreatment Apical Periodontitis: A Correlative Multianalytical Approach. J Endod 2024; 50:154-163. [PMID: 37977217 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study used a correlative multianalytical approach to investigate the bacteriologic conditions in the apical root canal system of treated teeth with or without apical periodontitis and their correlation with the technical quality of the previous root canal obturation and the presence and volume of apical periodontitis lesions. METHODS Root apexes were obtained from recently extracted root canal-treated teeth with (n = 23) and without (n = 22) apical periodontitis lesions as demonstrated by cone-beam computed tomographic examination. The root apexes were sectioned and subjected to micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) scanning. The specimens were cryopulverized, and DNA extracted from the powder was used as a template in real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to quantify total bacteria and members of the Streptococcus genus and Actinobacteria phylum. The bacteriologic findings were compared between the 2 groups and also evaluated for associations with cone-beam computed tomographic and micro-computed tomographic data. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in all apical canal samples except 1. The mean counts of total bacteria, streptococci, and actinobacteria did not differ significantly between teeth with or without apical periodontitis (P > .05). Streptococcus levels were significantly lower by 80% in the apical canals of teeth with small lesions compared with those without lesions (P < .05). The limit of filling >2 mm short was significantly associated with more total bacterial counts compared with canals filled 0-2 mm short (P < .05). An adequate coronal restoration was significantly associated with lesser counts of Streptococcus (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Comparable bacterial loads were observed in the apical canal system of treated teeth with and without apical periodontitis, suggesting that factors other than only the total bacterial levels may also influence the development and progression of apical periodontitis. Bacteria were found in the apical canal in virtually all cases with a high prevalence of streptococci and actinobacteria. Streptococci counts were significantly higher in the apical canal of teeth with inadequate restorations and teeth with no lesions. Underfilled canals showed higher bacterial counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Hernández
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Francisco Marroquín University, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - José F Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle D Voigt
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Soimu
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C Brasil
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José C Provenzano
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ibrahimu Mdala
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Flávio R F Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sánchez-Gutiérrez R, Araujo-Pérez J, Alvarado-Hernández DL, González-Amaro AM, Méndez-González V, Rivas-Santiago B, González-Amaro R, Pozos-Guillén A, Vitales-Noyola M. Increased IL-12p70 and IL-8 Produced by Monocytes in Response to Streptococcus spp. and Actinomyces spp. Causals of Endodontic Primary Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16853. [PMID: 38069174 PMCID: PMC10705997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and Tregs Foxp3+. Facultative anaerobic microorganisms were isolated from radicular conducts and peripheral blood samples, which were taken from patients with primary infections. Cellular cultures were performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with and without Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp. during 48, 72, and 96 h of contact in culture (concentration 5 × 105 cells/well) in a round plate bound with 48 wells. Later, PBMC was collected for analysis by flow cytometry, with the monoclonal antibodies αCD14, αCD4, αCD8, αCD19 and αFoxp3, and acquired using an FACSCanto II cytometer. The supernatant of cellular cultures was analyzed for the quantification of inflammatory cytokines. Data analysis was performed in FlowJo v10.8.2 and FCAPArray software, and statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad v5.0. software. We observed an increase in the percentage of CD14+ cells in patients at different hours of cellular culture in the presence of both Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp. microorganisms, compared to healthy controls. This study demonstrates the role played by the innate immune system in the pathogeny of endodontic primary infections, explaining the effects that generate the more common microorganisms in this oral pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; (R.S.-G.); (D.L.A.-H.); (R.G.-A.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Janeth Araujo-Pérez
- Endodontics Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico (A.M.G.-A.); (V.M.-G.)
| | - Diana Lorena Alvarado-Hernández
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; (R.S.-G.); (D.L.A.-H.); (R.G.-A.)
| | - Ana María González-Amaro
- Endodontics Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico (A.M.G.-A.); (V.M.-G.)
| | - Verónica Méndez-González
- Endodontics Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico (A.M.G.-A.); (V.M.-G.)
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Biomedical Research Unit Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico;
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; (R.S.-G.); (D.L.A.-H.); (R.G.-A.)
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico;
| | - Marlen Vitales-Noyola
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; (R.S.-G.); (D.L.A.-H.); (R.G.-A.)
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnical Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City 07360, Mexico, Mexico
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Hasan A, Roome T, Wahid M, Ansari SA, Khan JA, Kiyani A, Jilani SNA. A novel experimental model to investigate fungal involvement shows expression of Dectin-1 in periapical lesion pathogenesis. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1043-1057. [PMID: 37263973 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans is linked to persistent endodontic lesions. However, the recognition receptor that identifies it is not explored previously. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to (1) establish a zymosan-induced model of apical periodontitis in mouse, (2) observe the expression of Dectin-1 and its possible relationship with toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and (3) observe relationship between Osteopontin (OPN) and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS A total of 138 Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were randomly divided into; Experimental Group n = 69 and Zymosan Group n = 69. Periapical periodontitis was developed in right maxillary molar. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 21 and 42 days. Bone blocks containing the mesial root (n = 15 for qRT-PCR, n = 45 for enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA)) were collected for mRNA expression and ELISA. While whole maxilla (n = 3 from each time interval) were used for histology and immunohistochemical analysis. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey's posthoc was used for statistical analysis at p ≤ .05. RESULTS TLR-2, Dectin-1 and TLR4-positive cells was detected at all time intervals in both groups. A strong positive correlation was observed between TLR-2 and Dectin-1 in both lesions (regular r = .680, p = .015, zymosan (r = .861, p < .001)). A significant correlation was found between OPN and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in zymosan lesion (r = .827, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Immune cells of inflamed periapical tissue expressed Dectin-1 receptor in response to the microbial challenge from infected root canals and showed positive correlation with TLR-2 and OPN suggesting a possible receptor collaboration mediated by OPN. The expression of OPN and TNF-α showed positive correlation in response to fungal antigen, indicating a possible relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Hasan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Talat Roome
- Department of Pathology, Section Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Wahid
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Akbar Ansari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Ali Khan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amber Kiyani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, Islamic International dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Neha Ahmed Jilani
- Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Piccinini D, Bernasconi E, Carelli M, Luvini G, Di Benedetto C, Lucchini GM, Barda B, Bongiovanni M. Parvimonas micra a new potential pathogen in hospitalized patients: a case series from 2015-2022. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023:10.1007/s10096-023-04617-6. [PMID: 37133638 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Parvimonas micra isolations are usually part of polymicrobial infections and the pathogenic role of this microrganism is still debated. We describe here a large series of hospitalized patients diagnosed with Parvimonas micra infections and discuss the clinical and therapeutic management and the outcome of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piccinini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- University of Geneva and University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Carelli
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Luvini
- Division of Internal Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Beatrice Barda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bongiovanni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Chen KC, Sun JM, Hsieh CT. Brain abscess caused by Parvimonas micra: A rare case report and literature review. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102711. [PMID: 36736989 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain abscesses mostly develop due to direct infection caused by a nearby infectious lesion or hematogenous spread and are rarely caused by an odontogenic infection. We report a 47-year-old woman who presented with high fever, disturbed consciousness, headache, and neck pain. Imaging studies revealed a ring-shaped enhanced mass in the left frontal lobe causing a mass effect and midline shift. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a peak alanine concentration of 1.5 ppm. Supraorbital keyhole surgery with abscess removal was performed, and a bacterial culture confirmed a diagnosis of Parvimonas micra infection. After undergoing 6-week antibiotic treatment, the patient's symptoms resolved completely. No recurrence of abscess was observed during the follow-up period. Although brain abscess caused by P. micra has rarely been reported, an odontogenic origin should be investigated, especially when a patient has a history of periodontal infection or tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Ming Sun
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, 600, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Ta Hsieh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, 22174, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
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9
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The Link between Stroke Risk and Orodental Status-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195854. [PMID: 36233721 PMCID: PMC9572898 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary causes of disability and mortality in the adult population worldwide is stroke. A person's general health is significantly impacted by their oral and dental health. People who have poor oral health are more susceptible to conditions such as stroke. Stroke risk has long been linked to oral and dental conditions. The risk of stroke and its cost impact on the healthcare systems appear to be significantly reduced as a result of the decline in the incidence and prevalence of oral and dental illnesses. Hypothetically, better management of oral hygiene and dental health lead to reduced stroke risk. To the authors' best knowledge, for the first time, the potential link between dental health and stroke were cross-examined. The most typical stroke symptoms, oral and dental illnesses linked to stroke, and the role of oral healthcare professionals in stroke prevention are revealed. The potential mediating processes and subsequent long-term cognitive and functional neurological outcomes are based on the available literature. It must be noted that periodontal diseases and tooth loss are two common oral health measures. Lack of knowledge on the effects of poor oral health on systemic health together with limited access to primary medical or dental care are considered to be partially responsible for the elevated risk of stroke. Concrete evidence confirming the associations between oral inflammatory conditions and stroke in large cohort prospective studies, stratifying association between oral disease severity and stroke risk and disease effects on stroke survival will be desirable. In terms of clinical pathology, a predictive model of stroke as a function of oral health status, and biomarkers of systemic inflammation could be useful for both cardiologists and dentists.
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10
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Meneses CCB, Diogenes A, Sipert CR. Endocannabinoids modulate production of osteoclastogenic factors by stem cells of the apical papilla in vitro. J Endod 2022; 48:1511-1516. [PMID: 36174776 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many mediators are produced during pulp inflammation and necrosis, including endocannabinoids (ECbs), which might affect the function of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP), cells of paramount importance for root formation and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of osteoclastogenesis-related mediators by SCAP, modulated by ECbs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. METHODS SCAP were cultured and treated with ECbs anandamide (AEA), 2-A arachidonoylglycerol or N-arachidonoylaminophenol (AM404). All groups were incubated in the presence of vehicle or LPS and the antagonist of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV-1), capsazepine (CPZ). After 24 h, the culture medium supernatants were collected for further quantification of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CCL2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). RESULTS Small amounts of TNF-α and RANKL were detected in SCAP supernatants, and none of the experimental conditions altered their production. A downregulation in constitutive CCL2 production was observed in the AEA group compared to that in the LPS group. The production of M-CSF was significantly increased in all groups treated with AEA compared to the control and LPS-treated groups. OPG was significantly increased by AEA alone and by 2AG and AM404 in presence of LPS and CPZ. CONCLUSIONS AEA modulate some of the osteoclastogenic factors produced by SCAP in a bone resorption-protective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C B Meneses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - C R Sipert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Saavedra FM, Pelepenko LE, Boyle WS, Zhang A, Staley C, Herzberg MC, Marciano MA, Lima BP. In vitro physicochemical characterization of five root canal sealers and their influence on an ex vivo oral multi-species biofilm community. Int Endod J 2022; 55:772-783. [PMID: 35383959 PMCID: PMC9321831 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the physicochemical properties of five root canal sealers and assess their effect on an ex vivo dental plaque-derived polymicrobial community. METHODOLOGY Dental plaque-derived microbial communities were exposed to the sealers (AH Plus [AHP], GuttaFlow Bioseal [GFB], Endoseal MTA [ESM], Bio-C sealer [BCS] and BioRoot RCS [BRR]) for 3, 6 and 18 h. The sealers' effect on the biofilm biomass and metabolic activity was quantified using crystal violet (CV) staining and MTT assay, respectively. Biofilm community composition and morphology were assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 16S rRNA sequencing and scanning electron microscopy. The ISO6876:2012 specifications were followed to determine the setting time, radiopacity, flowability and solubility. Obturated acrylic teeth were used to assess the sealers' effect on pH. Surface chemical characterization was performed using SEM with coupled energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. One-way anova and Tukey's tests were used to analyze data from setting time, radiopacity, flowability and solubility. Two-way anova and Dunnett's tests were used for the data analysis from CV, MTT and pH. 16S rRNA sequencing data were analyzed for alpha (Shannon index and Chao analysis) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities). Differences in community composition were evaluated by analysis of similarity (p < .05). RESULTS The sealers significantly influenced microbial community composition and morphology. All sealers complied with ISO6876:2012 requirements for setting time, radiopacity and flowability. Although only AHP effectively reduced the biofilm biomass, all sealers, except BRR, reduced biofilm metabolic activity. CONCLUSION Despite adequate physical properties, none of the sealers tested prevented biofilm growth. Significant changes in community composition were observed. If observed in vivo, these changes could affect intracanal microbial survival, pathogenicity and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M. Saavedra
- Department of Restorative DentistrySchool of Dentistry of PiracicabaState University of CampinasPiracicabaBrazil
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Lauter E. Pelepenko
- Department of Restorative DentistrySchool of Dentistry of PiracicabaState University of CampinasPiracicabaBrazil
| | - William S. Boyle
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB)School of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Division of Basic & Translational ResearchDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Marina A. Marciano
- Department of Restorative DentistrySchool of Dentistry of PiracicabaState University of CampinasPiracicabaBrazil
| | - Bruno P. Lima
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Development of the First Tractable Genetic System for Parvimonas micra, a Ubiquitous Pathobiont in Human Dysbiotic Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0046522. [PMID: 35416697 PMCID: PMC9045310 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00465-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvimonas micra is a Gram-positive obligate anaerobe and a typical member of the human microbiome. P. micra is among the most highly enriched species at numerous sites of mucosal dysbiotic disease and is closely associated with the development of multiple types of malignant tumors. Despite its strong association with disease, surprisingly little is known about P. micra pathobiology, which is directly attributable to its longstanding genetic intractability. To address this problem, we directly isolated a collection of P. micra strains from odontogenic abscess clinical specimens and then screened these isolates for natural competence. Amazingly, all of the P. micra clinical isolates exhibited various levels of natural competence, including the reference strain ATCC 33270. By exploiting this ability, we were able to employ cloning-independent methodologies to engineer and complement a variety of targeted chromosomal genetic mutations directly within low-passage-number clinical isolates. To develop a tractable genetic system for P. micra, we first adapted renilla-based bioluminescence for highly sensitive reporter studies. This reporter system was then applied for the development of the novel Theo+ theophylline-inducible riboswitch for tunable gene expression studies over a broad dynamic range. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of generating mariner-based transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) libraries for forward genetic screening in P. micra. With the availability of a highly efficient transformation protocol and the current suite of genetic tools, P. micra should now be considered a fully genetically tractable organism suitable for molecular genetic research. The methods presented here provide a clear path to investigate the understudied role of P. micra in polymicrobial infections and tumorigenesis. IMPORTANCE Parvimonas micra is among the most highly enriched species at numerous sites of mucosal dysbiotic disease and is closely associated with numerous cancers. Despite this, little is known about P. micra pathobiology, which is directly attributable to its longstanding genetic intractability. In this study, we provide the first report of P. micra natural competence and describe the only tractable genetic system for this species. The methods presented here will allow for the detailed study of P. micra and its role in infection and tumorigenesis.
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13
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de Castro Kruly P, Alenezi HEM, Manogue M, Devine DA, Teixeira ND, Pimentel Garcia FC, Do T. Residual bacteriome after chemomechanical preparation of root canals in primary and secondary infections. J Endod 2022; 48:855-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Ordinola-Zapata R, Noblett C, Perez-Ron A, Ye Z, Vera J. Present status and future directions of intracanal medicaments. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:613-636. [PMID: 35322427 PMCID: PMC9321724 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two fundamental goals of endodontic treatment are to prevent or treat apical periodontitis. From a predictive perspective, several variables can affect the outcome of root canal treatment. Some of these variables depend on intraoperative factors, which include irrigation technique, size of the apical preparation, use of intracanal medicaments or the number of appointments necessary to complete the treatment. However, the outcome may also be affected by host and microbial factors. The intensity of periradicular bone loss or tissue damage, the presence of preoperative pain and associated conditions such as mechanical allodynia and central sensitization, the anatomical complexity of the apical portion of the canal, and the virulence and longevity of the bacterial infection can all have a profound influence on the outcome. Furthermore, numerous medical conditions have been reported to decrease the capability of the immune system to heal the periapical tissues. It is the clinician's responsibility to analyse these variables and incorporate them into the disinfection strategy to maximize the chances of healing. This narrative review will focus on the present status of intracanal medicaments, the clinical indications for their use and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ordinola-Zapata
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C Noblett
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Z Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China.,Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB), School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Vera
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
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15
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Weber MT, Alkhafaji Y, Pioch A, Trips E, Basche S, Dannemann M, Kilistoff A, Hannig C, Sterzenbach T. Quantification of Bacterial DNA from Infected Human Root Canals Using qPCR and DAPI after Disinfection with Established and Novel Irrigation Protocols. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051911. [PMID: 35269141 PMCID: PMC8912041 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The removal of bacterial infections within the root canal system is still a challenge. Therefore, the cleansing effect of established and new irrigation-protocols (IP) containing silver diamine fluoride (SDF) 3.8% on the whole root canal system was analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 4′,6-diamidino-phenylindole-(DAPI)-staining. Extracted human premolars were instrumented up to F2 (ProTaper Gold) under NaCl 0.9% irrigation and incubated with Enterococcus faecalis for 42 days. Subsequently, different ultrasonically agitated IP were applied to the roots: control (no irrigation), 1. NaOCl 3%, EDTA 20%, CHX 2%, 2. NaOCl 3%, EDTA 20%, 3. NaOCl 3%, EDTA 20%, SDF 3.8%, 4. SDF 3.8%, and 5. NaCl 0.9%. One half of the root was investigated fluorescent-microscopically with DAPI. The other half was grinded in a cryogenic mill and the bacterial DNA was quantified with qPCR. The qPCR results showed a statistically significant reduction of bacteria after the application of IP 1, 2, and 3 compared to the control group. While IP 4 lead to a bacterial reduction which was not significant, IP 5 showed no reduction. These data corresponded with DAPI staining. With qPCR a new molecular-biological method for the investigation of the complete root canal system was implemented. The novel IP 3 had an equally good cleansing effect as the already established IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Weber
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.A.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (C.H.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-458-7456
| | - Yousef Alkhafaji
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.A.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (C.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Anne Pioch
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.A.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (C.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Evelyn Trips
- Coordination Center for Clinical Studies Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Sabine Basche
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.A.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (C.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Martin Dannemann
- Faculty of Automotive Engineering, Institute of Energy and Transport Engineering, Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau, Scheffelstraße 39, 08012 Zwickau, Germany;
| | - Alan Kilistoff
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11405 87th Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.A.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (C.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Torsten Sterzenbach
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (Y.A.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (C.H.); (T.S.)
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16
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Pedrosa MDS, Vilela HDS, Rahhal JG, Bueno NP, Lima FS, Nogueira FN, Sipert CR. Response of periodontal ligament stem cells to lipopolysaccharide and calcium silicate-based materials. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:73-82. [PMID: 35508039 PMCID: PMC9645152 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the in vitro response of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation and application of three calcium silicate-based materials (CSBM): Bio-C Sealer, MTA Fillapex and Cimmo HP. Characterization of the CSBM was performed by FTIR (n = 3). Extracts of Bio-C Sealer, MTA Fillapex and Cimmo HP were prepared and diluted (1:1, 1:4 and 1:16). Culture of hPDLSCs was established and treated or not with LPS from Escherichia coli (1 µg/mL) for 7 days. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability at 24, 48 and 72 h (n = 9). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was indirectly assayed at day 7 (n = 5). TNF-α and Il -1 0 cytokines were quantified by ELISA at 24h-cell supernatants (n = 6). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The cell viability of the LPS-activated hPDLSCs were higher than untreated control (p < 0.05). The application of CSBM affected the cell viability of untreated and LPS-activated cells (p < 0.05). ALP activity was higher for Bio-C Sealer and Cimmo HP in untreated and LPS-activated cells, respectively (p < 0.05). Application of CSBM normalized the TNF-α secretion in the LPS-activated cells (p < 0.05). Only MTA Fillapex in untreated hPDLSCs presented higher values of Il -1 0 (p < 0.05). Taken collectively, the results suggests that the simulation of the inflammatory process by LPS affect the in vitro response the hPDLSCs to the application of the CSBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlus da Silva Pedrosa
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of
Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Handially dos Santos Vilela
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of
Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Garuba Rahhal
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of
Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Pieretti Bueno
- University of São Paulo- USP, School of Dentistry, Department of
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthesis and Traumatology, São Paulo, SP,
Brazil
| | - Fabianne Soares Lima
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of
Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Nogueira
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of
Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Renata Sipert
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of
Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Meire MA, van der Waal SV. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study intracanal medicaments. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 2:330-345. [PMID: 35100452 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to ensure predictable decontamination of the root canal system, chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal space is sometimes supplemented with the use of intracanal medication. As microbial control of the root canal space is fundamental to the resolution of apical periodontitis, root canal disinfection strategies haven been researched intensively. The use of intracanal medication as a supplementary step to the chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal space is one of them. Because of the costs and limitations of clinical research it is relevant and common practice to first evaluate alternative or new root canal disinfection modalities in laboratory studies. This involves the simulation of a root canal infection in a laboratory model, on which different disinfection strategies can be tested. When modelling the infected root canal, different levels of infection can be discriminated: suspended bacteria, microbial biofilms and infected dentine. This review describes the experimental models associated with these infection levels and critically appraises their value and methodological details. Suggestions for relevant research methods and experimental models are given, as well as some good practices for laboratory-based microbiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Meire
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S V van der Waal
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Wong J, Manoil D, Näsman P, Belibasakis GN, Neelakantan P. Microbiological Aspects of Root Canal Infections and Disinfection Strategies: An Update Review on the Current Knowledge and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:672887. [PMID: 35048015 PMCID: PMC8757850 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.672887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the habitat of several hundreds of microbial taxa that have evolved to coexist in multispecies communities in this unique ecosystem. By contrast, the internal tissue of the tooth, i.e., the dental pulp, is a physiologically sterile connective tissue in which any microbial invasion is a pathological sign. It results in inflammation of the pulp tissue and eventually to pulp death and spread of inflammation/infection to the periradicular tissues. Over the past few decades, substantial emphasis has been placed on understanding the pathobiology of root canal infections, including the microbial composition, biofilm biology and host responses to infections. To develop clinically effective treatment regimens as well as preventive therapies, such extensive understanding is necessary. Rather surprisingly, despite the definitive realization that root canal infections are biofilm mediated, clinical strategies have been focused more on preparing canals to radiographically impeccable levels, while much is left desired on the debridement of these complex root canal systems. Hence, solely focusing on "canal shaping" largely misses the point of endodontic treatment as the current understanding of the microbial aetiopathogenesis of apical periodontitis calls for the emphasis to be placed on "canal cleaning" and chemo-mechanical disinfection. In this review, we dissect in great detail, the current knowledge on the root canal microbiome, both in terms of its composition and functional characteristics. We also describe the challenges in root canal disinfection and the novel strategies that attempt to address this challenge. Finally, we provide some critical pointers for areas of future research, which will serve as an important area for consideration in Frontiers in Oral Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Wong
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peggy Näsman
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Amaral RR, Braga T, Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, da Costa Rachid CTC, Guimarães Oliveira AG, de Souza Côrtes MI, Love RM. Root Canal Microbiome Associated with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis as Determined by High-Throughput Sequencing. J Endod 2022; 48:487-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Present status and future directions - microbiology of endodontic infections. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 3:512-530. [PMID: 34958494 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis has a microbial aetiology and is one of the most common inflammatory diseases that affect humans. Fungi, archaea and viruses have been found in association with apical periodontitis, but bacteria are by far the most prevalent and dominant microorganisms in endodontic infections. Bacterial infection of the root canal system only occurs when the pulp is necrotic or was removed for previous treatment. In some specific cases, including acute and chronic abscesses, the bacterial infection may reach the periradicular tissues. Intracanal bacteria are usually observed as sessile multispecies communities (biofilms) attached to the dentinal root canal walls. Infection in the main root canal lumen can spread to other areas of the root canal system. Although more than 500 bacterial species have been detected in endodontic infections, a selected group of 20 to 30 species are most frequently detected and may be considered as the core microbiome. There is a high interindividual variability in the endodontic microbiome in terms of species composition and relative abundance. Obligate anaerobic species are more abundant in the intraradicular bacterial communities of teeth with primary apical periodontitis, while both anaerobes and facultatives dominate the communities in post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacterial interactions play an essential role in determining the overall virulence of the community, which has been regarded as the unit of pathogenicity of apical periodontitis. This article reviews the microbiologic aspects of endodontic infections and provides perspectives for future research and directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the root canal microbiome. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:46-71. [PMID: 34714548 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic microbiology deals with the study of the microbial aetiology and pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular inflammatory diseases. Research in endodontic microbiology started almost 130 years ago and since then has mostly focussed on establishing and confirming the infectious aetiology of apical periodontitis, identifying the microbial species associated with the different types of endodontic infections and determining the efficacy of treatment procedures in eradicating or controlling infection. Diverse analytical methods have been used over the years, each one with their own advantages and limitations. In this review, the main features and applications of the most used technologies are discussed, and advice is provided to improve study designs in order to properly address the scientific questions and avoid setbacks that can compromise the results. Finally, areas of future research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
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22
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Legaria MC, Nastro M, Camporro J, Heger F, Barberis C, Stecher D, Rodriguez CH, Vay CA. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius: Pathogenicity, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Review of monobacterial infections and addition of a case of urinary tract infection directly identified from a urine sample by MALDI-TOF MS. Anaerobe 2021; 72:102461. [PMID: 34626800 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) found in the gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiota. The organism is mainly found in polymicrobial and scarcely in monobacterial infections such as prosthetic and native endocarditis. Anaerobic bacteria have rarely been reported as the cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Although GPAC are susceptible to most antimicrobials used against anaerobic infections, P. anaerobius has shown to be more resistant. Herein, we report a case of UTI caused by P. anaerobius from a 62-year-old man with a history of urological disease. Surprisingly, the microorganism was directly identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) from the urine sample. The isolate was successfully identified by phenotypic methods, MALDI-TOF MS, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. P. anaerobius showed no β-lactamase-producing activity, was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, and displayed intermediate susceptibility to ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Successful treatment was achieved with oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) should be performed on P. anaerobius isolates due to their unpredictable AST patterns and because empirically administered antimicrobial agents may not be active. This report shows that MALDI-TOF MS, directly used in urine specimens, may be a quick option to diagnose UTI caused by P. anaerobius or other anaerobic bacteria. This review is a compilation of monobacterial infections caused by P. anaerobius published in the literature, their pathogenicity, identification, and data about the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. anaerobius.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Legaria
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Nastro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Camporro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Servicio de Infectología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Heger
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Barberis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Stecher
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Servicio de Infectología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C H Rodriguez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C A Vay
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, INFIBIOC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Altaie AM, Saddik B, Alsaegh MA, Soliman SSM, Hamoudi R, Samaranayake LP. Prevalence of unculturable bacteria in the periapical abscess: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255485. [PMID: 34351963 PMCID: PMC8341601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of unculturable bacteria in periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Ovid databases were systematically searched from January 1990 to May 2020. All the included studies were cross-sectional design. The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute check-list. Heterogeneity was described using meta-regression and mixed-effects model for lesion, country, and sequence technique moderators. Funnel plot and unweighted Egger's regression test were used to estimate the publication bias. Microbiome data on diversity, abundance, and frequency of unculturable bacteria in the periapical lesions were reviewed, analysed, and the principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. RESULTS A total of 13 studies out of 14,780, were selected for the final analysis. These studies focused on the prevalence of unculturable bacteria in periapical abscesses and related lesions. Approximately 13% (95% CI: 7-23%) of the cumulative number of bacteria derived from periapical abscesses was unculturable. Country moderator significantly (P = 0.05) affects the diversity summary proportion. While the pooled frequency of unculturable bacteria was 8%; 95% CI: 5, 14%, the estimate of the pooled abundance of unculturable bacteria was 5%; 95% CI: 2, 12% with a significant (P = 0.05) country moderator that affects the abundance summary proportion. Of the 62 unculturable bacteria, 35 were subjected to PCA and Peptostreptococcus sp. oral clone CK035 was the most abundant species in periapical abscesses. Hybridization techniques were found to be the most reliable molecular methods in detecting the abundance and frequency of unculturable bacteria. CONCLUSION The significant prevalence of unculturable bacteria in the periapical abscess, suggests that they are likely to play, a yet unknown, critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Further research remains to be done to confirm their specific contributions in the virulence and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Basema Saddik
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RH); (LPS)
| | - Lakshman P. Samaranayake
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- * E-mail: (RH); (LPS)
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24
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Chesdachai S, Eberly AR, Razonable RR. A tale of two unusual anaerobic bacterial infections in an immunocompetent man: A case report and literature review. Anaerobe 2021; 71:102416. [PMID: 34293443 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of an immunocompetent man who presented with Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis bacteremia, followed by an epidural abscess due to Parvimonas micra. Only few cases have described unique clinical features related to both organisms, and this report illustrates two distinct sequential, if not concurrent, syndromes due to these anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supavit Chesdachai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Allison R Eberly
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Raymund R Razonable
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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25
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Bordagaray MJ, Fernández A, Garrido M, Astorga J, Hoare A, Hernández M. Systemic and Extraradicular Bacterial Translocation in Apical Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:649925. [PMID: 33816354 PMCID: PMC8017189 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.649925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial etiology. It has been suggested that endodontic bacterial DNA might translocate to distant organs via blood vessels, but no studies have been conducted. We aimed first to explore overall extraradicular infection, as well as specifically by Porphyromonas spp; and their potential to translocate from infected root canals to blood through peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this cross-sectional study, healthy individuals with and without a diagnosis of apical periodontitis with an associated apical lesion of endodontic origin (both, symptomatic and asymptomatic) were included. Apical lesions (N=64) were collected from volunteers with an indication of tooth extraction. Intracanal samples (N=39) and respective peripheral blood mononuclear cells from apical periodontitis (n=14) individuals with an indication of endodontic treatment, as well as from healthy individuals (n=14) were collected. The detection frequencies and loads (DNA copies/mg or DNA copies/μL) of total bacteria, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were measured by qPCR. In apical lesions, the detection frequencies (%) and median bacterial loads (DNA copies/mg) respectively were 70.8% and 4521.6 for total bacteria; 21.5% and 1789.7 for Porphyromonas endodontalis; and 18.4% and 1493.9 for Porphyromonas gingivalis. In intracanal exudates, the detection frequencies and median bacterial loads respectively were 100% and 21089.2 (DNA copies/μL) for total bacteria, 41% and 8263.9 for Porphyromonas endodontalis; and 20.5%, median 12538.9 for Porphyromonas gingivalis. Finally, bacteria were detected in all samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells including apical periodontitis and healthy groups, though total bacterial loads (median DNA copies/μL) were significantly higher in apical periodontitis (953.6) compared to controls (300.7), p<0.05. Porphyromonas endodontalis was equally detected in both groups (50%), but its bacterial load tended to be higher in apical periodontitis (262.3) than controls (158.8), p>0.05; Porphyromonas gingivalis was not detected. Bacteria and specifically Porphyromonas spp. were frequently detected in endodontic canals and apical lesions. Also, total bacteria and Porphyromonas endodontalis DNA were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, supporting their plausible role in bacterial systemic translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Bordagaray
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Fernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Garrido
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Astorga
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Sterzenbach T, Pioch A, Dannemann M, Hannig C, Weber MT. Quantification of Bacterial Colonization in Dental Hard Tissues Using Optimized Molecular Biological Methods. Front Genet 2021; 11:599137. [PMID: 33391351 PMCID: PMC7775318 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.599137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of root canals and the surrounding dental hard tissue are still a challenge due to biofilm formation as well as the complex root canal anatomy. However, current methods for analyzing biofilm formation, bacterial colonization of root canals and dental hard tissue [e.g., scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or determination of colony forming units (CFU)] are time-consuming and only offer a selective qualitative or semi-quantitative analysis. The aim of the present study is the establishment of optimized molecular biological methods for DNA-isolation and quantification of bacterial colonization via quantitative PCR (qPCR) from dental hard tissue. Root canals of human premolars were colonized with Enterococcus faecalis. For isolation of DNA, teeth were then grinded with a cryo mill. Since the hard tissues dentin and especially enamel belong to the hardest materials in the human organism, the isolation of bacterial DNA from root dentin is very challenging. Therefore, treatment steps for the isolation of DNA from grinded teeth were systematically analyzed to allow improved recovery of bacterial DNA from dental hard tissues. Starting with the disintegration of the peptidoglycan-layer of bacterial cells, different lysozyme solutions were tested for efficacy. Furthermore, incubation times and concentrations of chelating agents such as EDTA were optimized. These solutions are crucial for the disintegration of teeth and hence improve the accessibility of bacterial DNA. The final step was the determination of prior bacterial colonization of each root canal as determined by qPCR and comparing the results to alternative methods such as CFU. As a result of this study, optimized procedures for bacterial DNA-isolation from teeth were established, which result in an increased recovery rate of bacterial DNA. This method allows a non-selective and straightforward procedure to quantify bacterial colonization from dental hard tissue. It can be easily adapted for other study types such as microbiome studies and for comparable tissues like bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Sterzenbach
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Pioch
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Dannemann
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Weber
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Analysis of the Salivary Microbiome in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2020:6682020. [PMID: 33488886 PMCID: PMC7803107 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6682020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral microbiota plays an important role in oral and systemic diseases, while few reports referred to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Thus, this study aimed to explore the different salivary microbiome in patients with OSAS and controls. Materials and Methods Saliva was collected from 15 OSAS patients and nine healthy controls, and bacterial genomic DNA was extracted for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing based on the Illumina platform. Results The alpha and beta diversities were not significantly different between patients with OSAS and controls. The main phyla in the two groups were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria, which accounted for 95% of the abundance. The main genera were Streptococcus, Rothia, Actinomyces, Prevotella, and Neisseria. Based on the genus and operational taxonomic units, Peptostreptococcus, Alloprevotella, and Granulicatella were enriched in controls, while only Scardovia species were significantly more abundant in patients with OSAS. Conclusions There was no significant difference in the relative abundance of bacteria between OSAS and controls. So, further studies will need to focus on the metagenome of bacteria in OSAS patients.
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Singh KK, Kumar P, Das P, Marandi M, Panda S, Mahajan A, Kumar D. Association of specific microorganisms with endodontic signs and symptoms. A comparative study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3965-3969. [PMID: 33110794 PMCID: PMC7586604 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_523_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study aimed to evaluate the association of root canal microorganisms red complex and E. facealis with endodontic clinical signs and symptoms using polymerase chain reaction. Materials and Methods Bacterial samples were obtained using sterile paper points from the teeth of 100 subjects divided into two groups; Group I: 50 individuals with primary tooth infections and Group II: 50 individuals with failed endodontic treatment having the secondary infection. DNA extracted from samples was analyzed for endodontic pathogens by using species-specific primers. Results The pain was noticed in 66%, (33 of 50 subjects) in primary infection and 60% (30 of 50) in a secondary infection. A statistically significant association between pain and E. faecalis bacteria observed both in primary infection and secondary infection (P < 0.05). Tenderness on percussion was associated with 40% cases in Group I and 70% cases in Group II. The red complex accounted for 94% of cases associated with tenderness on percussion in primary infection while 86% of cases associated with secondary infection with a statistically significant association (P < 0.05). Conclusion Prevalence of red complex bacteria and E. faecalis suggested the association of studied bacteria with symptomatic infected pulp and periradicular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pragyan Das
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manjula Marandi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Dental Institute, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Swagat Panda
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hi-tech Dental College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mahajan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rama Dental College and Hospital, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- BRS Dental College and Hospital, Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
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29
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Watanabe T, Hara Y, Yoshimi Y, Fujita Y, Yokoe M, Noguchi Y. Clinical characteristics of bloodstream infection by Parvimonas micra: retrospective case series and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:578. [PMID: 32758181 PMCID: PMC7405351 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gram-positive anaerobic (GPA) bacteria inhabit different parts of the human body as commensals but can also cause bacteremia. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed GPA bacteremia pathogens before (2013–2015) and after (2016–2018) the introduction of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Method We conducted a retrospective observational study by searching the microbiology database to identify all positive GPA blood cultures of patients with GPA bacteremia diagnosed using the new technique, MALDI-TOF MS, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018; and using a conventional phenotypic method between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015 at a single tertiary center in Japan. Parvimonas micra (P. micra) (17.5%) was the second most frequently identified GPA (MALDI-TOF MS); we then retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records for 25 P. micra bacteremia cases at our hospital. We also conducted a literature review of published cases in PubMed from January 1, 1980, until December 31, 2019; 27 cases were retrieved. Results Most cases of P. micra bacteremia were identified after 2015, both, at our institute and from the literature review. They were of mostly elderly patients and had comorbid conditions (malignancies and diabetes). In our cases, laryngeal pharynx (7/25, 28%) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT; 6/25, 24%) were identified as the most likely sources of bacteremia; however, the infection source was not identified in 9 cases (36%). P. micra bacteremia were frequently associated with spondylodiscitis (29.6%), oropharyngeal infection (25.9%), intra-abdominal abscess (14.8%), infective endocarditis (11.1%), septic pulmonary emboli (11.1%), and GIT infection (11.1%) in the literature review. Almost all cases were treated successfully with antibiotics and by abscess drainage. The 30-day mortalities were 4 and 3.7% for our cases and the literature cases, respectively. Conclusions Infection sites of P. micra are predominantly associated with GIT, oropharyngeal, vertebral spine, intra-abdominal region, pulmonary, and heart valves. Patients with P. micra bacteremia could have good prognosis following appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 2-10-15, Komei-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 455-8530, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshimi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 2-10-15, Komei-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 455-8530, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yokoe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Noguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
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30
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Tiwari S, Saxena S, Kumari A, Chatterjee S, Hazra A, Choudhary AR. Detection of Red complex bacteria, P. gingivalis, T. denticola and T. forsythia in infected root canals and their association with clinical signs and symptoms. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1915-1920. [PMID: 32670940 PMCID: PMC7346963 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1177_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between endodontic clinical signs and symptoms and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: Microbial samples were obtained from 60 cases with necrotic pulp with primary teeth infections. DNA extracted from samples were analyzed for endodontic pathogens by using species-specific primers. Results: P. gingivalis/T. denticola were detected in 15 symptomatic teeth associated with periapical lesions. T. forsythia/T. denticola were found in 16 symptomatic teeth associated with pain and swelling. P. gingivalis was detected in 9 teeth which were associated with pain, 2 with tenderness on percussion, and 15 with periapical lesions. Statistically significant associations were found between T. forsythia as well as T. denticola in relation to clinical findings of pain and swelling. (P < 0.05). Red complex bacteria showed no statistical significant association with the presence of signs and symptoms. Conclusion: Prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia suggested association of these bacteria with symptomatic infected pulp and periradicular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tiwari
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sudhanshu Saxena
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Aarti Kumari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Silpi Chatterjee
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Adreet Hazra
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Alok Ratan Choudhary
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
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Villa-Machado PA, Restrepo-Patiño DM, Calvo-Trejos JP, Restrepo-Restrepo FA, Tobón-Arroyave SI, Provenzano JC, Siqueira JF, Alves FRF. Cone-beam Computed Tomographic and Micro-computed Tomographic Evaluations of the Root Apexes of Teeth with Posttreatment Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2020; 46:1695-1701. [PMID: 32682792 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the association of different variables that may influence the outcome of root canal treatment through cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessments of root apexes obtained by endodontic microsurgery of teeth with posttreatment apical periodontitis (AP), the agreement between CBCT and micro-CT findings, and the association of these variables with symptoms or lesion size. METHODS Clinical and CBCT records and root apexes obtained by endodontic microsurgery from 11 cases of symptomatic AP and 22 cases of asymptomatic AP were available. Apical root specimens were further scanned using micro-CT imaging. CBCT parameters included periapical radiolucency size, apical extent/density of root canal filling, and occurrence of procedural errors. Micro-CT images evaluated the same parameters plus the presence of filling material in lateral canals and ramifications, the volume of the filled/nonfilled apical root canal, and the percentage of the nonfilled canal space. The agreement between CBCT/micro-CT observations was evaluated. RESULTS Mandibular teeth, a lesion size <5 mm, a nonfilled volume <0.04 mm3, and the decreased percentage of the nonfilled canal volume were significantly associated with symptomatic AP. Maxillary teeth and inadequate apical filling density were significantly associated with larger lesions. Agreement between CBCT/micro-CT scores varied from fair (procedural errors) to satisfactory (extent/density of filling). CONCLUSIONS Tooth location, lesion size, the nonfilled apical canal volume, and the percentage of the nonfilled apical canal volume were associated with symptomatic AP. In addition, lesion size was significantly associated with tooth location and apical root canal filling density. CBCT imaging may not provide a reliable evaluation of procedural errors associated with posttreatment disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Villa-Machado
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana M Restrepo-Patiño
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juliana P Calvo-Trejos
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Felipe A Restrepo-Restrepo
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sergio I Tobón-Arroyave
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - José C Provenzano
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research Group, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research Group, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávio R F Alves
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research Group, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The apical root canal system microbial communities determined by next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10932. [PMID: 32616783 PMCID: PMC7331743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the microbial communities of endodontic infections at their apical portion by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing and delineate the core microbiome of root canal infections and that of their associated clinical symptomatology. Samples were collected from fifteen subjects presenting one tooth with a root canal infection, and their associated symptoms were recorded. Samples were collected from the apical third of roots using a #10 K file and then amplified using multiple displacement amplification and PCR-amplified with universal primers. Amplicons were sequenced (V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene) using MiSeq (Illumina, CA). The microbial composition of the samples was determined using QIIME and HOMINGS. Data were analyzed using t tests and ANOVA. A total of 1,038,656 good quality sequences were obtained, and OTUs were assigned to 10 bacterial phyla, led by Bacteroidetes (51.2%) and Firmicutes (27.1%), and 94 genera were represented primarily by Prevotella (17.9%) and Bacteroidaceae G-1 (14.3%). Symptomatic teeth were associated with higher levels of Porphyromonas (p < 0.05) and Prevotella. P. endodontalis and P. oris were present in both cores. The present study demonstrated the complexity of the root canal microbiome and the “common denominators” of root canal infections and identified taxa whose virulence properties should be further explored. The polymicrobial etiology of endodontic infections has long been established. However, few studies have focused on expanding the breadth and depth of coverage of microbiome-infected root canals at their apical portion.
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Antimicrobial Activity and the Effect of Green Tea Experimental Gels on Teeth Surfaces. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among esthetic procedures, teeth whitening is a common and often used treatment for patients who seek good teeth appearance. We developed an experimental green tea extract and an experimental green tea gel for enamel restoring treatment after bleaching. We also tested the antibacterial and antifungal effect of the experimental extract against specific endodontic and cariogenic microorganisms. The green tea extract antibacterial action was determined by the disk-diffusion method using Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC27337), Corynebacterium xerosis (ATCC 373), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) strains. Enamel microstructure was investigated by SEM analysis, and surface details were revealed by AFM. The inhibition zones around the wells showed evident antimicrobial activity of the experimental extract. In the presence of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), the extract showed no antifungal activity. The enamel’s surface roughness and hydroxyapatite prism aspects were the parameters followed throughout the study. The experimental green tea extract is efficient against some microorganisms commonly found in the oral cavity. However, the studied extract had no antifungal effect. The results show that after bleaching with the experimental gel, we obtained the best surface parameters, similar to healthy enamel.
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Chatzigiannidou I, Teughels W, Van de Wiele T, Boon N. Oral biofilms exposure to chlorhexidine results in altered microbial composition and metabolic profile. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32198347 PMCID: PMC7083908 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases (e.g., dental caries, periodontitis) are developed when the healthy oral microbiome is imbalanced allowing the increase of pathobiont strains. Common practice to prevent or treat such diseases is the use of antiseptics, like chlorhexidine. However, the impact of these antiseptics on the composition and metabolic activity of the oral microbiome is poorly addressed. Using two types of oral biofilms—a 14-species community (more controllable) and human tongue microbiota (more representative)—the impact of short-term chlorhexidine exposure was explored in-depth. In both models, oral biofilms treated with chlorhexidine exhibited a pattern of inactivation (>3 log units) and fast regrowth to the initial bacterial concentrations. Moreover, the chlorhexidine treatment induced profound shifts in microbiota composition and metabolic activity. In some cases, disease associated traits were increased (such as higher abundance of pathobiont strains or shift in high lactate production). Our results highlight the need for alternative treatments that selectively target the disease-associated bacteria in the biofilm without targeting the commensal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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35
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Meneses CCB, Pizzatto LN, Andrade FFF, Sipert CR. Prostaglandin E2 Affects Interleukin 6 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1/CCL2 Production by Cultured Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. J Endod 2020; 46:413-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Manoil D, Al‐Manei K, Belibasakis GN. A Systematic Review of the Root Canal Microbiota Associated with Apical Periodontitis: Lessons from Next‐Generation Sequencing. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900060. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institute Huddinge 14152 Sweden
| | - Khaled Al‐Manei
- Division of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institute Huddinge 14152 Sweden
- Division of EndodonticsDepartment of Restorative Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh 11545 Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Division of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institute Huddinge 14152 Sweden
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de Souza LC, Cavalla F, Maili L, Garlet GP, Vieira AR, Silva RM, Letra A. WNT gene polymorphisms and predisposition to apical periodontitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18980. [PMID: 31831777 PMCID: PMC6908593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in WNT genes may impact gene/protein function and contribute to individual predisposition to apical periodontitis (AP). Here, we investigated the association of SNPs in/nearby WNT3, WNT3A, WNT5A, WNT8A, WNT9B and WNT11 genes with AP using a case-control dataset. Cases were defined as individuals with deep caries and AP (n = 188); controls had deep caries and no AP (n = 230). Genotyping was performed using Taqman chemistry in real time PCR. Data analyses was performed using Fisher Exact tests assuming a Bonferroni correction threshold value of 0.005. Single-SNP association analysis revealed a trend for association with WNT3 rs9890413 genotypes (P = 0.009) under a dominant model and allelic association for WNT3A rs1745420 (P = 0.009). Haplotypes involving WNT3-WNT9B-WNT3A alleles were also significantly associated with AP (P ≤ 0.003). Luciferase reporter assays showed higher transcriptional activity (1.4-fold) with the alternate G allele in rs1745420. Expression of WNT3, WNT3A and WNT5A in AP tissues was significantly higher than in control tissues, and inversely correlated with the expression of SERPINB1, COL1A1 and TIMP1 (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that WNT genes have a role in modulating AP and polymorphisms in these genes may increase susceptibility to AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Chaves de Souza
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, 7520355, Chile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, 17012, Brazil
| | - Lorena Maili
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77030, USA
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, 17012, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15229, USA
| | - Renato M Silva
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA.
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, 77030, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, 77054, USA.
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Orozco EIF, Toia CC, Cavalli D, Khoury RD, Cardoso FGDR, Bresciani E, Valera MC. Effect of passive ultrasonic activation on microorganisms in primary root canal infection: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 28:e20190100. [PMID: 31800872 PMCID: PMC6886399 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of passive ultrasonic activation (PUA) in eliminating microorganisms in primary endodontic infection (PEI) after instrumentation of root canals using microbiological culture and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. METHODOLOGY Twenty root canals with PEI and apical periodontitis were selected. The root canals were instrumented and then randomly divided into 2 groups, according to the irrigation method: PUA and conventional needle irrigation (CNI). Microbiological samples were collected before instrumentation (S1), after instrumentation (S2) and after irrigation with 17% EDTA (S3). The samples were subjected to anaerobic culture technique and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization analysis. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found between CNI (23.56%) and PUA (98.37%) regarding the median percentage values for culturable bacteria reduction (p<0.05). In the initial samples, the most frequently detected species was S. constellatus (50%), and after root canal treatment was E. faecalis (50%). CONCLUSION Both treatments significantly decreased the number of bacterial species compared with the initial sample. However, no statistical difference in the total microbial load between PUA and CNI groups was detected. The number of cultivable anaerobic bacteria reduced significantly using PUA, and the bacterial composition and number of bacterial species after using either CNI or PUA was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Isai Flores Orozco
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cassia Cestari Toia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daiana Cavalli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rayana Duarte Khoury
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Flávia Goulart da Rosa Cardoso
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Bresciani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
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Teves A, Blanco D, Casaretto M, Torres J, Alvarado D, Jaramillo DE. Effectiveness of different disinfection techniques of the root canal in the elimination of a multi-species biofilm. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e978-e983. [PMID: 31700570 PMCID: PMC6825738 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different root canal disinfection techniques in the elimination of a multi-species biofilm from inside the root canal. Material and Methods Fifty mandibular first premolars were used in the present study, standardized to 11mm of root length, and instrumented with a reciprocation system Reciproc, (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) to a #50. Longitudinally sectioned halves of the roots were obtained and washed with NaOCl 4%, EDTA 17% and 5% sodium thiosulfate, and sterilized by autoclaving for 15 minutes at 121°C. A multi-species biofilm broth was developed with three strains of bacteria under laboratory conditions: Enterococcus faecalis ATTC 29212, Eikenella corrodens ATTC 23834, Streptococcus anginosus ATTC 33397. Roots were autoclaved and transferred to the broth for 4 days and then were subjected to either disinfection with sodium hypochlorite 4% and XP-endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) or chlorhexidine 2% with and without activation with XP-endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland). Results The evaluations of the biofilm elimination showed results that indicate that the 4% sodium hypochlorite group with positive pressure irrigation presented significant differences with the group that had irrigation with sodium hypochlorite activated with XP-endo Finisher and the chlorhexidine groups to 2% (P<0.05). Conclusions Chlorhexidine 2% activated with the XP-endo Finisher does not exert elimination or improved cleaning effect on the multi-species biofilm. Activation of sodium hypochlorite 4% improved the elimination of the multi-species biofilm. Key words:Biofilm, multispecies, chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Torres
- Universidad Catolica Santo Toribio de Mogroviejo
| | | | - David E Jaramillo
- Professor of Endodontics University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Hirano Y, Hayashi M, Tamura M, Yoshino F, Yoshida A, Masubuchi M, Imai K, Ogiso B. Singlet oxygen generated by a new nonthermal atmospheric pressure air plasma device exerts a bactericidal effect on oral pathogens. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:521-525. [PMID: 31588099 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases generally have certain bacteria associated with them. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAP), generated at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, incorporates several molecules, including reactive oxygen species, that can inactivate various bacteria including oral pathogens. For this reason, several NTAP devices have been developed to treat oral diseases. Use of noble gases can enhance the bactericidal efficacy of NTAP, but this requires additional gas supply equipment. Therefore, a new NTAP device that employs ambient air as the working gas was developed. The device generates non-thermal atmospheric pressure air plasma. Here, the singlet oxygen (1O2) levels generated, their bactericidal effects on oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis), and the bacterial oxidative stress they imposed were measured. 1O2 generation in phosphatebuffered saline was assessed qualitatively using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and bactericidal efficacy was evaluated by counting of colony-forming units/mL. Bacterial oxidative stress was determined by measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. ESR indicated that the level of 1O2 increased significantly and time-dependently, and was inversely correlated with distance, but the bactericidal effects were correlated only with treatment time (not distance) as H2O2 increased and SOD levels decreased, suggesting that the new device has potential applicability for treatment of oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriyuki Hirano
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Muneaki Tamura
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Fumihiko Yoshino
- Division of Photomedical Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- Division of Photomedical Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | | | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Bunnai Ogiso
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Srečnik Š, Zdovc I, Javoršek U, Pirš T, Pavlica Z, Nemec A. Microbiological Aspects of Naturally Occurring Primary Endodontic Infections in Dogs. J Vet Dent 2019; 36:124-128. [PMID: 31542989 DOI: 10.1177/0898756419873639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dental fractures are common in dogs, but data on microbiology of naturally occurring primary endodontic infections, and their relation to clinical and radiographic signs, are lacking. Samples were obtained from root canals of 32 periodontally healthy fractured teeth under aseptic conditions and immediately cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Cultures were further identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, time of flight technology. Sixty-one bacteria (30 bacterial species) were isolated from root canals; 54% were Gram-negative bacteria, 53% were facultative anaerobic, and 42% were anaerobic bacteria. Number of bacterial species in the root canals declined with the duration of fractures over 12 months. No statistically significant association was found between the number of bacterial species involved in the root canal infection and any of the clinical or radiographic signs of endodontic disease. Naturally occurring primary endodontic infections in dogs appear to be polymicrobial and involve only a selected number of opportunistic pathogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Srečnik
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Zdovc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Javoršek
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Pirš
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zlatko Pavlica
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Nemec
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Watanabe T, Yokoe M, Noguchi Y. Septic pulmonary embolism associated with periodontal disease: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:74. [PMID: 30665352 PMCID: PMC6341628 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease, including periodontitis, has been reported to be a rare cause of septic pulmonary embolism (SPE). It is however extremely difficult to isolate the causative pathogen of periodontal disease-associated SPE from blood cultures of these patients. Case presentation In this study, an 85-year-old Japanese man was admitted with fever and worsening malaise. He was later noted to have multiple bilateral subpleural pulmonary nodules on chest computed tomography scan. After admission, Parvimonas micra (P. micra) was isolated from his blood culture. This was followed by a meticulous search for the primary source of SPE, focusing on the head and neck areas. Consequently, apical periodontitis and infratemporal fossa abscess were identified as the primary sources of SPE. Although P. micra is one of the most frequently detected bacteria in the infected root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis, it has rarely been proven as a causative pathogen of periodontal disease-associated SPE. Conclusions This case study demonstrated that periodontal disease is an important primary source of SPE and P. micra could be a causative pathogen of SPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 2-10-15, Komei-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0008, Japan. .,Department of Rheumatology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, 1-10-6, Komei-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, 455-8530, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Yokoe
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Nagoya Red Cross Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Noguchi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Nagoya Red Cross Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
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Gomes BPFDA, Herrera DR. Etiologic role of root canal infection in apical periodontitis and its relationship with clinical symptomatology. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e69. [PMID: 30365610 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows the polymicrobial etiology of endodontic infections, in which bacteria and their products are the main agents for the development, progression, and dissemination of apical periodontitis. Microbial factors in necrotic root canals (e.g., endotoxin) may spread into apical tissue, evoking and supporting a chronic inflammatory load. Thus, apical periodontitis is the result of the complex interplay between microbial factors and host defense against invasion of periradicular tissues. This review of the literature aims to discuss the complex network between endodontic infectious content and host immune response in apical periodontitis. A better understanding of the relationship of microbial factors with clinical symptomatology is important to establish appropriate therapeutic procedures for a more predictable outcome of endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo Herrera
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas -Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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44
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Aarabi G, Thomalla G, Heydecke G, Seedorf U. Chronic oral infection: An emerging risk factor of cerebral small vessel disease. Oral Dis 2018; 25:710-719. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Prosthetic DentistryCenter for Dental and Oral MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of NeurologyHead‐ and NeurocenterUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Guido Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic DentistryCenter for Dental and Oral MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic DentistryCenter for Dental and Oral MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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Aarabi G, Schnabel RB, Heydecke G, Seedorf U. Potential Impact of Oral Inflammations on Cardiac Functions and Atrial Fibrillation. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030066. [PMID: 30071583 PMCID: PMC6164509 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may be a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Oral infections frequently lead to chronic inflammation, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and endodontic lesions. In this narrative review, we consider five basic pathogenic mechanisms that involve oral infections and inflammations in the pathogenesis of AF: (1) low level bacteremia by which oral bacteria enter the blood stream at inflamed sites of the oral cavity and invade the heart; (2) Systemic inflammation induced by inflammatory mediators, which are released from the sites of oral inflammation into the blood stream, affecting cardiac remodeling; (3) autoimmunity against molecular structures expressed in the heart caused by the host immune response to specific components of oral pathogens; (4) potentially arrhythmic effects mediated by activation of the autonomous nervous system triggered by oral inflammations; and (5) arrhythmic effects resulting from specific bacterial toxins that are produced by oral pathogenic bacteria. A number of studies support the involvement of all five mechanisms, suggesting a potentially complex contribution of oral inflammations to the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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ent-Copalic acid antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against Actinomyces naeslundii and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Anaerobe 2018; 52:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Roles of Oral Infections in the Pathomechanism of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071978. [PMID: 29986441 PMCID: PMC6073301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral infections occur frequently in humans and often lead to chronic inflammations affecting the teeth (i.e., caries), the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth (i.e., gingivitis and endodontic lesions), and the tooth-supporting structures (i.e., periodontitis). At least four basic pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed that involve oral inflammations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: (1) low level bacteremia by which oral bacteria enter the blood stream and invade the arterial wall; (2) systemic inflammation induced by inflammatory mediators released from the sites of the oral inflammation into the blood stream; (3) autoimmunity to host proteins caused by the host immune response to specific components of oral pathogens; (4) pro-atherogenic effects resulting from specific bacterial toxins that are produced by oral pathogenic bacteria. In this narrative review, we summarize published experimental evidence related to these four mechanisms and discuss their impact on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Willmann C, Mata X, Hanghoej K, Tonasso L, Tisseyre L, Jeziorski C, Cabot E, Chevet P, Crubézy E, Orlando L, Esclassan R, Thèves C. Oral health status in historic population: Macroscopic and metagenomic evidence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196482. [PMID: 29768437 PMCID: PMC5955521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in High-Throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) technologies and ancient DNA (aDNA) research have opened access to the characterization of the microbial communities within past populations. Most studies have, however, relied on the analysis of dental calculus as one particular material type particularly prone to the molecular preservation of ancient microbial biofilms and potential of entire teeth for microbial characterization, both of healthy communities and pathogens in ancient individuals, remains overlooked. In this study, we used shotgun sequencing to characterize the bacterial composition from historical subjects showing macroscopic evidence of oral pathologies. We first carried out a macroscopic analysis aimed at identifying carious or periodontal diseases in subjects belonging to a French rural population of the 18th century AD. We next examined radiographically six subjects showing specific, characteristic dental pathologies and applied HTS shotgun sequencing to characterize the microbial communities present in and on the dental material. The presence of Streptococcus mutans and also Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli and Parvimonas micra was confirmed through the presence of typical signatures of post-mortem DNA damage at an average depth-of-coverage ranging from 0.5 to 7X, with a minimum of 35% (from 35 to 93%) of the positions in the genome covered at least once. Each sampled tooth showed a specific bacterial signature associated with carious or periodontal pathologies. This work demonstrates that from a healthy independent tooth, without visible macroscopic pathology, we can identify a signature of specific pathogens and deduce the oral health status of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Willmann
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Service d’odontologie de l’Hôtel-Dieu, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Mata
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Kristian Hanghoej
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laure Tonasso
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lenka Tisseyre
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Elodie Cabot
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, INRAP Grand Ouest, Cesson-Sévigné, France
- Anthropologie Bio-Culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, Faculté de Médecine Site Nord (UMR 7268), Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Chevet
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, INRAP Grand Ouest, Cesson-Sévigné, France
| | - Eric Crubézy
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rémi Esclassan
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Service d’odontologie de l’Hôtel-Dieu, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Thèves
- Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Takahama A, Rôças IN, Faustino ISP, Alves FRF, Azevedo RS, Gomes CC, Araújo-Filho WR, Siqueira JF. Association between bacteria occurring in the apical canal system and expression of bone-resorbing mediators and matrix metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2018; 51:738-746. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Takahama
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry; State University of Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - I. N. Rôças
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - I. S. P. Faustino
- Department of Oral Pathology; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - F. R. F. Alves
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - R. S. Azevedo
- Department of Oral Pathology; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - C. C. Gomes
- Department of Endodontics; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - W. R. Araújo-Filho
- Department of Endodontics; Nova Friburgo Health Institute; Federal Fluminense University; Nova Friburgo RJ Brazil
| | - J. F. Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Ricucci D, Loghin S, Gonçalves LS, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Histobacteriologic Conditions of the Apical Root Canal System and Periapical Tissues in Teeth Associated with Sinus Tracts. J Endod 2018; 44:405-413. [PMID: 29336882 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This histobacteriologic study described the pattern of intraradicular and extraradicular infections in teeth with sinus tracts and chronic apical abscesses. METHODS The material comprised biopsy specimens from 24 (8 untreated and 16 treated) roots of teeth associated with apical periodontitis and a sinus tract. Specimens were obtained by periradicular surgery or extraction and were processed for histobacteriologic and histopathologic methods. RESULTS Bacteria were found in the apical root canal system of all specimens, in the main root canal (22 teeth) and within ramifications (17 teeth). Four cases showed no extraradicular infection. Extraradicular bacteria occurred as a biofilm attached to the outer root surface in 17 teeth (5 untreated and 12 treated teeth), as actinomycotic colonies in 2 lesions, and as planktonic cells in 2 lesions. Extraradicular calculus formation (mineralized biofilm) was evident in 10 teeth. CONCLUSIONS Teeth with chronic apical abscesses and sinus tracts showed a very complex infectious pattern in the apical root canal system and periapical lesion, with a predominance of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucio S Gonçalves
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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