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Khoulane M, Fellahi S, Khayi S, Bouslikhane M, Lakhdissi H, Berrada J. First Insight into the Whole Genome Sequencing Whole Variations in Mycobacterium bovis from Cattle in Morocco. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1316. [PMID: 39065084 PMCID: PMC11278621 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Six cattle heads which tested positive against bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Morocco were investigated to confirm the disease and to determine the source(s) of infection. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was directly performed on tissue samples collected from slaughtered animals. All investigated animals tested positive to PCR for the Mycobacterium bovis sub-type. Bacteriological isolation was conducted according to the technique recommended by WOAH for the cultivation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MBTC). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out on six mycobacterial isolates and the phylogenic tree was constructed. The six Moroccan isolates fit with clades II, III, IV, V and VII and were confirmed to belong to the clonal complexes Eu2, Unknown 2 and 7 as well as to sublineages La1.7.1, La1.2 and La1.8.2. The significant Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) ranged from 84 to 117 between the isolates and the reference M. bovis strain and from 17 to 212 between the six isolates. Considering the high resolution of WGS, these results suggests that the source of infection of the bTB could be linked to imported animals as five of the investigated reactor animals were imported a few months prior. WGS can be a useful component to the Moroccan strategy to control bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khoulane
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10112, Morocco; (S.F.); (M.B.); (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10112, Morocco; (S.F.); (M.B.); (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Slimane Khayi
- Biotechnology Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Bouslikhane
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10112, Morocco; (S.F.); (M.B.); (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Hassan Lakhdissi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10112, Morocco; (S.F.); (M.B.); (H.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jaouad Berrada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat 10112, Morocco; (S.F.); (M.B.); (H.L.); (J.B.)
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Bainomugisa A, Pandey S, O'Connor B, Syrmis M, Whiley D, Sintchenko V, Coin LJ, Marais BJ, Coulter C. Sustained transmission over two decades of a previously unrecognised MPT64 negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in Queensland, Australia: a whole genome sequencing study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 47:101105. [PMID: 39022748 PMCID: PMC11253042 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background MPT64 is a key protein used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex strain identification. We describe protracted transmission of an MPT64 negative MTB strain in Queensland, Australia, and explore genomic factors related to its successful spread. Methods All MPT64 negative strains identified between 2002 and 2022 by the Queensland Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, and an additional 2 isolates from New South Wales (NSW), were whole genome sequenced. Bayesian modelling and phylogeographical analyses were used to assess their evolutionary history and transmission dynamics. Protein structural modelling to understand the putative functional effects of the mutated gene coding for MPT64 protein was performed. Findings Forty-three MPT64 negative isolates were sequenced, belonging to a single MTB cluster of Lineage 4.1.1.1 strains. Combined with a UK dataset of the same lineage, molecular dating estimated 1990 (95% HPD 1987-1993) as the likely time of strain introduction into Australia. Although the strain has spread over a wide geographic area and new cases linked to the cluster continue to arise, phylodynamic analysis suggest the outbreak peaked around 2003. All MPT64 negative strains had a frame shift mutation (delAT, p.Val216fs) within the MPT64 gene, which confers two major structural rearrangements at the C-terminus of the protein. Interpretation This study uncovered the origins of an MPT64 negative MTB outbreak in Australia, providing a richer understanding of its biology and transmission dynamics, as well as guidance for clinical diagnosis and public health action. The potential spread of MPT64 negative strains undermines the diagnostic utility of the MPT64 immunochromatographic test. Funding This study was funded from an operational budget provided to the Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory by Pathology Queensland, Queensland Department of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Bainomugisa
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sushil Pandey
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bridget O'Connor
- Public Health Intelligence Branch, Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Syrmis
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Whiley
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology - Western, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lachlan J.M. Coin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ben J. Marais
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Coulter
- Queensland Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Desire IA, Luqman M, Puspitasari Y, Tyasningsih W, Wardhana DK, Meles DK, Dhamayanti Y, Permatasari DA, Witaningrum AM, Perwitasari ADS, Raharjo HM, Ayuti SR, Kurniawan SC, Kamaruzaman INA, Silaen OSM. First detection of bovine tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction at dairy farms in the Lekok Sub-District, Pasuruan Regency, and Surabaya region, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:577-584. [PMID: 38680137 PMCID: PMC11045540 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.577-584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease of great public health importance, particularly in Indonesia, where control measures are limited or are not implemented. This study aimed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium pathogens in milk samples from dairy cattle in Pasuruan regency and Surabaya City, East Java, using Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods Milk samples were aseptically collected from 50 cattle in the Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, and 44 from dairy farms in the Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Wonocolo Subdistrict, Mulyorejo Subdistrict, and Kenjeran Subdistrict, Surabaya, East Java. To detect Mycobacteria at the species level, each sample was assessed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR using the RD1 and RD4 genes. Results The results of PCR assay from 50 samples in Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency showed that 30 samples (60%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and two samples (4%) were positive for Mycobacterium bovis, although Ziehl-Neelsen staining did not show the presence of Mycobacterium spp. In the Surabaya region, 31 samples (70.45%) were positive for M. tuberculosis and three samples (6.8%) were positive for M. bovis. Six samples (13.63%) from all PCR-positive samples could be detected microscopically with Ziehl-Neelsen. Conclusion The presence of bovine TB in this study supports the importance of using a molecular tool alongside routine surveillance for a better understanding of the epidemiology of bovine TB in East Java.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itfetania Aemilly Desire
- Bachelor Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Luqman
- Bachelor Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yulianna Puspitasari
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dewa Ketut Meles
- Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Dhamayanti
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dian Ayu Permatasari
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Agnes Dwi Sis Perwitasari
- Department of Tuberculosis, Institute Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rani Ayuti
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Kumar R, Gandham S, Rana A, Maity HK, Sarkar U, Dey B. Divergent proinflammatory immune responses associated with the differential susceptibility of cattle breeds to tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199092. [PMID: 37795082 PMCID: PMC10546398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in the bovine is one of the most predominant chronic debilitating infectious diseases primarily caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Besides, the incidence of TB in humans due to M. bovis, and that in bovines (bovine TB, bTB) due to M. tuberculosis- indicates cattle as a major reservoir of zoonotic TB. While India accounts for the highest global burden of both TB and multidrug-resistant TB in humans, systematic evaluation of bTB prevalence in India is largely lacking. Recent reports emphasized markedly greater bTB prevalence in exotic and crossbred cattle compared to indigenous cattle breeds that represent more than one-third of the total cattle population in India, which is the largest globally. This study aimed at elucidating the immune responses underlying the differential bTB incidence in prominent indigenous (Sahiwal), and crossbred (Sahiwal x Holstein Friesian) cattle reared in India. Employing the standard Single Intradermal Tuberculin Test (SITT), and mycobacterial gene-targeting single as well as multiplex-PCR-based screening revealed higher incidences of bovine tuberculin reactors as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex specific PCR positivity amongst the crossbred cattle. Further, ex vivo mycobacterial infection in cultures of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SITT, and myco-PCR negative healthy cattle exhibited significantly higher intracellular growth of M. bovis BCG, and M. tuberculosis H37Ra in the crossbred cattle PBMCs compared to native cattle. In addition, native cattle PBMCs induced higher pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), tank binding kinase-1 (TBK-1), and nitric oxide (NO) upon exposure to live mycobacterial infection in comparison to PBMCs from crossbred cattle that exhibited higher expression of IL-1β transcripts. Together, these findings highlight that differences in the innate immune responses of these cattle breeds might be contributing to the differential susceptibility to bTB infection, and the resultant disparity in bTB incidence amongst indigenous, and crossbred cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kumar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sripratyusha Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Avi Rana
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Maity
- Department of Avian Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttam Sarkar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bappaditya Dey
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Ayalew S, Habtamu G, Melese F, Tessema B, Ashford RT, Chothe SK, Aseffa A, Wood JLN, Berg S, Mihret A. Zoonotic tuberculosis in a high bovine tuberculosis burden area of Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1204525. [PMID: 37771833 PMCID: PMC10525399 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1204525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of ill health and one of the leading causes of death worldwide, caused by species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), with Mycobacterium tuberculosis being the dominant pathogen in humans and Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Zoonotic transmission of TB (zTB) to humans is frequent particularly where TB prevalence is high in cattle. In this study, we explored the prevalence of zTB in central Ethiopia, an area highly affected by bovine TB (bTB) in cattle. Method A convenient sample of 385 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB, N = 287) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN, N = 98) were included in this cross-sectional study in central Ethiopia. Sputum and fine needle aspirate (FNA) samples were obtained from patients with PTB and TBLN, respectively, and cultures were performed using BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960. All culture positive samples were subjected to quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, targeting IS1081, RD9 and RD4 genomic regions for detection of MTBC, M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, respectively. Results Two hundred and fifty-five out of 385 sampled patients were culture positive and all were isolates identified as MTBC by being positive for the IS1081 assay. Among them, 249 (97.6%) samples had also a positive RD9 result (intact RD9 locus) and were consequently classified as M. tuberculosis. The remaining six (2.4%) isolates were RD4 deficient and thereby classified as M. bovis. Five out of these six M. bovis strains originated from PTB patients whereas one was isolated from a TBLN patient. Occupational risk and the widespread consumption of raw animal products were identified as potential sources of M. bovis infection in humans, and the isolation of M. bovis from PTB patients suggests the possibility of human-to-human transmission, particularly in patients with no known contact history with animals. Conclusion The detected proportion of culture positive cases of 2.4% being M. bovis from this region was higher zTB rate than previously reported for the general population of Ethiopia. Patients with M. bovis infection are more likely to get less efficient TB treatment because M. bovis is inherently resistant to pyrazinamide. MTBC species identification should be performed where M. bovis is common in cattle, especially in patients who have a history of recurrence or treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosina Ayalew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Bamlak Tessema
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Roland T. Ashford
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shubhada K. Chothe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - James L. N. Wood
- Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Description, Validation, and Review of a Decade of Experience with a Laboratory-Developed PCR Test for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Specimens. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022; 29:100340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kelly DJ, Marples NM, Byrne RL, Fogarty U, Kenny K, Cameron H, Griffin D, Holland CV. An investigation of Mycobacterium bovis and helminth coinfection in the European badger Meles meles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY: PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2022; 19:311-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shea J, Smith C, Halse TA, Kohlerschmidt D, Rourke AK, Musser KA, Escuyer V, Lapierre P. Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Genotype Related to M. caprae. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1431-1436. [PMID: 35731170 PMCID: PMC9239888 DOI: 10.3201/eid2807.212353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the unusual genotypic characterization of a bacterium isolated from a clinical sample of a patient who grew up in Bangladesh and lives in the United States. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified the bacterium as a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Phylogenetic placement of this strain suggests a new MTBC genotype. Even though it had the same spoligotype as M. caprae strains, single-nucleotide polymorphism–based phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate as a sister lineage distinct from M. caprae, most closely related to 5 previously sequenced genomes isolated from primates and elephants in Asia. We propose a new animal-associated lineage, La4, within MTBC.
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Shu Q, Rajagopal M, Fan J, Zhan L, Kong X, He Y, Rotcheewaphan S, Lyon CJ, Sha W, Zelazny AM, Hu T. Peptidomic analysis of mycobacterial secreted proteins enables species identification. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Shu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Meena Rajagopal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Lingpeng Zhan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Xiangxing Kong
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Yifan He
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Suwatchareeporn Rotcheewaphan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Christopher J. Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Adrian M. Zelazny
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Tony Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA
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Gormley E, Ní Bhuachalla D, Fitzsimons T, O'Keeffe J, McGrath G, Madden JM, Fogarty N, Kenny K, Messam LLM, Murphy D, Corner LAL. Protective immunity against tuberculosis in a free-living badger population vaccinated orally with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e10-e19. [PMID: 34331741 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of badgers with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to protect badgers against tuberculosis in experimental trials. During the 3-year County Kilkenny BCG vaccine field study, badgers were treated orally with placebo (100% in Zone A), BCG (100% in Zone C) or randomly assigned 50%: 50% treatment with BCG or placebo (Zone B). At the end of the study, 275 badgers were removed from the trial area and subjected to detailed post-mortem examination followed by histology and culture for M. bovis. Among these badgers, 83 (30.2%) were captured for the first time across the three zones, representing a non-treated proportion of the population. Analysis of the data based on the infection status of treated animals showed a prevalence of 52% (95% CI: 40%-63%) infection in Zone A (placebo), 39% (95% CI: 17%-64%) in Zone B (placebo) and 44% (95% CI: 20%-70%) in Zone B (BCG vaccinated) and 24% (95% CI: 14%-36%) in Zone C (BCG vaccinated). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of animals with infection involving the lung and thoracic lymph nodes, extra-thoracic infection or in the distribution and severity scores of histological lesions. Among the 83 non-treated badgers removed at the end of the study, the infection prevalence of animals in Zone A (prevalence = 46%, 95% CI: 32%-61%) and Zone B (prevalence = 44%, 95% CI: 23%-67%) was similar to the treated animals in these zones. However, in Zone C, no evidence of infection was found in any of the untreated badgers (prevalence = 0%, 95% CI: 0%-14%). This is consistent with an indirect protective effect in the non-vaccinated badgers leading to a high level of population immunity. The results suggest that BCG vaccination of badgers could be a highly effective means of reducing the incidence of tuberculosis in badger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Gormley
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Ní Bhuachalla
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tara Fitzsimons
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - James O'Keeffe
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Guy McGrath
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie M Madden
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naomi Fogarty
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston Co., Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kenny
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston Co., Kildare, Ireland
| | - Locksley L McV Messam
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise Murphy
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Leigh A L Corner
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Bapat PR, Shekhawat SD, Husain AA, Dodkey RS, Daginawala HF, Singh LK, Kashyap RS. Diagnostic Challenges and Prospects Associated With Zoonotic Tuberculosis of Central Nervous System. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 11:619-630. [PMID: 33643555 PMCID: PMC7878055 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.5.10.803.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) has remained a challenge due to its insidious onset and the failure of conventional diagnostic tests. The present study aimed to identify the mycobacterial pathogen in the CSF of patients with TBM and a poor prognosis. Methods: We retrospectively recruited 224 TBM and 34 non-TBM patients admitted to the Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India, in 2014. The CSF samples of these patients were subjected to a duplex PCR assay for the species-specific identification of the causative pathogen. Results: M. bovis and infection with M.tuberculosis were detected in 7% (18) and 32.9% (85) of the patients, respectively. Moreover, 14% (36) of the study samples were culture positive; however, the mycobacterial pathogens could not be differentiated to the species level. Conclusion: The present study findings emphasized the potentially vital importance of M. bovis identification for appropriate patient management. The obtained data also demonstrated the persistent significance of M. bovis, as a zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi R Bapat
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Seema D Shekhawat
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aliabbas A Husain
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renuka S Dodkey
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hatim F Daginawala
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lokendra K Singh
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajpal S Kashyap
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Manou M, Milgram J, Kelly P, Hoey S, Kenny K, Warde S, Kirby B. Mycobacterium bovis BCG Danish Strain 1331 isolated from a periarticular lesion in a domestic cat. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:924-928. [PMID: 33496016 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair outdoor cat was referred for chronic left forelimb lameness, which had been treated with intra-articular injections of triamcinolone acetonide. A soft tissue swelling around the elbow joint, extending from the distal humerus to the proximal ulna, was surgically explored and biopsy samples obtained. Mycobacterium bovis was cultured from samples from the soft tissue and bone. The mycobacteria from the media were killed and the DNA extracted and tested on a multiplex real-time PCR for the absence of specific genes and the presence of mycobacterial genus markers. The PCR revealed bacillus Calmette-Guérin Danish Strain 1331; this was also isolated from the prescapular lymph node, muscle and bone, obtained at post mortem examination. Badgers had been vaccinated with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine SSI (Statens Serum Institute) in the area where the cat lived, in the spring and autumn of the previous year. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of infection with M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin Danish Strain 1331 in a domestic cat, potentially associated with annual vaccination of badgers in the proximity of the cat's home.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manou
- University College Dublin, University Veterinary Hospital, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Milgram
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, Israel
| | - P Kelly
- University College Dublin, University Veterinary Hospital, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S Hoey
- University College Dublin, University Veterinary Hospital, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - K Kenny
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Co, Kildare, Ireland
| | - S Warde
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Co, Kildare, Ireland
| | - B Kirby
- University College Dublin, University Veterinary Hospital, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Kapalamula TF, Thapa J, Akapelwa ML, Hayashida K, Gordon SV, Hang' ombe BM, Munyeme M, Solo ES, Bwalya P, Nyenje ME, Tamaru A, Suzuki Y, Nakajima C. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for specific detection of Mycobacterium bovis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0008996. [PMID: 33493196 PMCID: PMC7833227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a significant health threat to cattle and a zoonotic threat for humans in many developing countries. Rapid and accurate detection of M. bovis is fundamental for controlling the disease in animals and humans, and for the proper treatment of patients as one of the first-line anti-TB drug, pyrazinamide, is ineffective against M. bovis. Currently, there are no rapid, simplified and low-cost diagnostic methods that can be easily integrated for use in many developing countries. Here, we report the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for specific identification of M. bovis by targeting the region of difference 4 (RD4), a 12.7 kb genomic region that is deleted solely in M. bovis. The assay's specificity was evaluated using 139 isolates comprising 65 M. bovis isolates, 40 M. tuberculosis isolates, seven M. tuberculosis complex reference strains, 22 non-tuberculous mycobacteria and five other bacteria. The established LAMP detected only M. bovis isolates as positive and no false positives were observed using the other mycobacteria and non-mycobacteria tested. Our LAMP assay detected as low as 10 copies of M. bovis genomic DNA within 40 minutes. The procedure of LAMP is simple with an incubation at a constant temperature. Results are observed with the naked eye by a color change, and there is no need for expensive equipment. The established LAMP can be used for the detection of M. bovis infections in cattle and humans in resource-limited areas. Although bovine tuberculosis in humans has been eliminated in developed countries, the disease remains a challenge in many developing countries. Routine laboratory methods used to identify tuberculosis (TB) in high-burden countries do not distinguish between the two main causes of TB in humans, namely Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis. In addition, M. bovis is naturally resistant to one of the first-line drugs used to treat TB called pyrazinamide; therefore, accurate diagnosis of M. bovis is important for proper selection of anti TB drugs. In cattle, surveillance for M. bovis infection is important to obtain data on bovine TB burden and hence provide a basis for the establishment and/or improvement of control programs. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based method was developed to identify M. bovis. This LAMP method detected M. bovis within 40 minutes following incubation at constant temperature (66°C) in a battery-powered incubator and results could be read with the naked eye following development of a color change. Our results elaborate a rapid and low-cost LAMP based method for detection and surveillance of M. bovis infection in cattle and humans in resource-limited, endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mwangala Lonah Akapelwa
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hayashida
- Division of Collaborations and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Contsrol, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Stephen V. Gordon
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Contsrol, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernard Mudenda Hang' ombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Musso Munyeme
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Eddie Samuneti Solo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Precious Bwalya
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mirriam Ethel Nyenje
- Community Health Sciences Unit, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Aki Tamaru
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Contsrol, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Contsrol, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Santos E, Fehlberg I, Fernandes B, Alcântara AD, Silva B, Cerqueira R. Detection of Mycobacterium sp. by multiplex PCR directly from suspicious granulomas from cold chambers in the state of Bahia, Brazil. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000592020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Silva
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
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15
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Duffy SC, Srinivasan S, Schilling MA, Stuber T, Danchuk SN, Michael JS, Venkatesan M, Bansal N, Maan S, Jindal N, Chaudhary D, Dandapat P, Katani R, Chothe S, Veerasami M, Robbe-Austerman S, Juleff N, Kapur V, Behr MA. Reconsidering Mycobacterium bovis as a proxy for zoonotic tuberculosis: a molecular epidemiological surveillance study. LANCET MICROBE 2020; 1:e66-e73. [PMID: 32642742 PMCID: PMC7325494 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Zoonotic tuberculosis is defined as human infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Although globally, India has the largest number of human tuberculosis cases and the largest cattle population, in which bovine tuberculosis is endemic, the burden of zoonotic tuberculosis is unknown. The aim of this study was to obtain estimates of the human prevalence of animal-associated members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) at a large referral hospital in India. Methods We did a molecular epidemiological surveillance study of 940 positive mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) cultures, collected from patients visiting the outpatient department at Christian Medical College (Vellore, India) with suspected tuberculosis between Oct 1, 2018, and March 31, 2019. A PCR-based approach was applied to subspeciate cultures. Isolates identified as MTBC other than M tuberculosis or as inconclusive on PCR were subject to whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and phylogenetically compared with publicly available MTBC sequences from south Asia. Sequences from WGS were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive, accession number SRP226525 (BioProject database number PRJNA575883). Findings The 940 MGIT cultures were from 548 pulmonary and 392 extrapulmonary samples. A conclusive identification was obtained for all 940 isolates; wild-type M bovis was not identified. The isolates consisted of M tuberculosis (913 [97·1%] isolates), Mycobacterium orygis (seven [0·7%]), M bovis BCG (five [0·5%]), and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (15 [1·6%]). Subspecies were assigned for 25 isolates by WGS, which were analysed against 715 MTBC sequences from south Asia. Among the 715 genomes, no M bovis was identified. Four isolates of cattle origin were dispersed among human sequences within M tuberculosis lineage 1, and the seven M orygis isolates from human MGIT cultures were dispersed among sequences from cattle. Interpretation M bovis prevalence in humans is an inadequate proxy of zoonotic tuberculosis. The recovery of M orygis from humans highlights the need to use a broadened definition, including MTBC subspecies such as M orygis, to investigate zoonotic tuberculosis. The identification of M tuberculosis in cattle also reinforces the need for One Health investigations in countries with endemic bovine tuberculosis. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C Duffy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International Tuberculosis Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sreenidhi Srinivasan
- Department of Animal Science and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Megan A Schilling
- Department of Animal Science and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tod Stuber
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sarah N Danchuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International Tuberculosis Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joy S Michael
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - Nitish Bansal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Robab Katani
- Department of Animal Science and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Shubhada Chothe
- Department of Animal Science and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Suelee Robbe-Austerman
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Vivek Kapur
- Department of Animal Science and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Marcel A Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International Tuberculosis Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Varela-Castro L, Torrontegi O, Sevilla IA, Barral M. Detection of Wood Mice ( Apodemus sylvaticus) Carrying Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Able to Infect Cattle and Interfere with the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030374. [PMID: 32155849 PMCID: PMC7143357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are of great medical and veterinary relevance. The aim of this research was to study whether small mammals play a role in the epidemiology of mycobacterioses. Four samplings of 100 traps were performed in each of three cattle farms with previous history of tuberculosis or NTM between 2017 and 2018. A total of 108 animals belonging to seven species were trapped, classified, and necropsied, and tissues were submitted to microbiological and molecular methods for mycobacteria identification. The wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) was the most abundant species (87%). No MTC was detected but six different NTM were identified (M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. gordonae, M. celatum, M. fortuitum, and a not determined Mycobacterium sp.), showing a prevalence of 6.5%. No significant association was found between mycobacteria prevalence and the analyzed factors. Although a role in the epidemiology of MTC could not be attributed to small mammals, A. sylvaticus carries NTM that could be pathogenic or interfere with the diagnosis of tuberculosis. According to our results, there is a risk of NTM transmission at the wildlife–livestock interface through potential indirect contacts between small mammals and cattle.
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17
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Lesellier S, Boschiroli ML, Barrat J, Wanke C, Salguero FJ, Garcia-Jimenez WL, Nunez A, Godinho A, Spiropoulos J, Palmer S, Dave D, Anderson P, Boucher JM, de Cruz K, Henault S, Michelet L, Gowtage S, Williams GA, Nadian AK, Monchâtre-Leroy E, Boué F, Chambers MA, Richomme C. Detection of live M. bovis BCG in tissues and IFN-γ responses in European badgers (Meles meles) vaccinated by oropharyngeal instillation or directly in the ileum. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:445. [PMID: 31810466 PMCID: PMC6898942 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) has provided protection against M. bovis to badgers both experimentally and in the field. There is also evidence suggesting that the persistence of live BCG within the host is important for maintaining protection against TB. Here we investigated the capacity of badger inductive mucosal sites to absorb and maintain live BCG. The targeted mucosae were the oropharyngeal cavity (tonsils and sublingual area) and the small intestine (ileum). Results We showed that significant quantities of live BCG persisted within badger in tissues of vaccinated badgers for at least 8 weeks following oral vaccination with only very mild pathological features and induced the circulation of IFNγ-producing mononuclear cells. The uptake of live BCG by tonsils and drainage to retro-pharyngeal lymph nodes was repeatable in the animal group vaccinated by oropharyngeal instillation whereas those vaccinated directly in the ileum displayed a lower frequency of BCG detection in the enteric wall or draining mesenteric lymph nodes. No faecal excretion of live BCG was observed, including when BCG was delivered directly in the ileum. Conclusions The apparent local loss of BCG viability suggests an unfavorable gastro-enteric environment for BCG in badgers, which should be taken in consideration when developing an oral vaccine for use in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lesellier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK. .,Anses, Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, Malzéville, France. .,Public Health England, Porton Down, UK.
| | - Maria-Laura Boschiroli
- Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, University Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jacques Barrat
- Anses, Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, Malzéville, France
| | - Christoph Wanke
- Medimetrics Personalized Drug Delivery B.V., High Tech Campus 10, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.,Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | | | - Alex Nunez
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Krystel de Cruz
- Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, University Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Henault
- Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, University Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lorraine Michelet
- Laboratory for Animal Health, Tuberculosis National Reference Laboratory, University Paris-Est, Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank Boué
- Anses, Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, Malzéville, France
| | - Mark A Chambers
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.,University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Céline Richomme
- Anses, Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, Malzéville, France
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18
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Sevilla IA, Arnal MC, Fuertes M, Martín E, Comenge J, Elguezabal N, Fernández de Luco D, Garrido JM. Tuberculosis outbreak caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a rabbit farm in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:431-441. [PMID: 31539200 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animal tuberculosis remains a great source of socioeconomic and health concern worldwide. Its main causative agents, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae, have been isolated from many different domestic and wild animals. Naturally, occurring tuberculosis is extremely rare in rabbits, and implication of M. caprae has never been reported earlier. This study describes a severe tuberculosis outbreak caused by M. caprae in a Spanish farm of rabbits raised for meat for human consumption. The disease was first identified in a cachectic dam, and then it was confirmed in ten does with similar clinical signs. Subsequently, a depopulation operation was ordered for public health, animal welfare and environmental reasons. To broaden knowledge of spontaneous tuberculosis in rabbits, a study focused on pathological, epidemiological and diagnostic aspects was carried out on 51 does and 16 kittens after receiving the necessary authorizations. These animals were subjected to a modified intradermal test. After being euthanized, rabbits were examined for the presence of visible tuberculosis-compatible lesions. Lung, kidney, caecal appendix and sacculus rotundus samples underwent microbiological and anatomopathological analysis. Infection was revealed by at least one of the methods used in 71% of dams and in 44% of kittens. The intradermal test was shown to be a good indicator of infection. Lung was the tissue for which more animals were positive but renal and intestinal tissues were also affected in many cases. Apparently, M. caprae spread mainly through the aerogenous route. Infection was pathologically characterized by the absence of evident fibrous capsules surrounding granulomas. A spoligotype (SB0415) frequently found in this area was considered responsible for the outbreak but the source could not be established. Regardless of the exceptional nature of animal tuberculosis in this host, rabbit industry might not escape from its effects and therefore, current biosafety and surveillance strategies should also consider this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker A Sevilla
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Spain
| | - María Cruz Arnal
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Fuertes
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández de Luco
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Departmento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio, Spain
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19
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Landolt P, Stephan R, Stevens MJA, Scherrer S. Three-reaction high-resolution melting assay for rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e919. [PMID: 31448583 PMCID: PMC6925164 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of introducing a reliable assay for a quick identification and differentiation of the main species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) supports the improvement of efficient tuberculosis combating strategies worldwide. Commercially available assays are often based on cultured samples; however, due to the long cultivation time of mycobacteria, results are delayed. Developed PCR approaches have been published previously, though, when testing intricate veterinary samples, the complex composition of multiplex qPCRs frequently leads to assay failure. In order to overcome those limits, a paradigm of a three-reaction high-resolution melting (HRM) assay for the simultaneous identification and differentiation of the main members of MTBC was established. The assay is based on single nucleotide polymorphisms within gyrB and gyrA, which have been used as target for the establishment of two highly specific HRM assays (HRM assays 1 and 2) discriminating M. tuberculosis/ Mycobacterium canetti, Mycobacterium bovis/M. bovis BCG, Mycobacterium caprae/rare M. caprae/M. bovis ecotypes, Mycobacterium africanum/Mycobacterium orygis/ Mycobacterium pinnipedii/Clade A1, Mycobacterium microti, and a rare subtype of M. canettii followed by a third HRM assay (HRM assay 3) allowing a further differentiation of M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, and a rare subtype of M. caprae/M. bovis, which is considered to be a novel ecotype. High-resolution melting assay 1 is described in a previously published report. High-resolution melting assay 2 showed 100% correlation of all 39 examined isolates with the results of a commercial identification kit. 96% of the clinical samples tested demonstrated concordant results. High-resolution melting assay 3 showed an accordance of 100% with the results of the commercially available identification kit of all 22 samples analyzed. The proposed strategy of the three-reaction HRM assay can be used for an accurate differentiation of up to seven groups of MTBC and potentially to identify a rare subtype of M. canettii either on isolates or on clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Landolt
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Scherrer
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Development of a new High Resolution Melting (HRM) assay for identification and differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex samples. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1850. [PMID: 30755639 PMCID: PMC6372708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid identification and differentiation of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is essential to assess the potential zoonotic risk. Different available molecular methods are time consuming since they depend on cultivation of mycobacteria. High Resolution Melting (HRM) is a low cost, rapid and easy to perform single-tube method not limited to cultured samples. In this study, a HRM assay specifically targeting gyrB was developed to simultaneously identify and differentiate Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis, M. microti and M. bovis/M. caprae. To evaluate the performance of this assay, 38 MTBC isolates and 25 directly extracted clinical specimens were analysed. HRM results of all 38 (100%) examined isolates correlated with the results obtained with the commercially available GenoType MTBC test (Hain Lifescience). From the 25 clinical specimens tested, species identification by HRM showed concordant results with the previously used identification methods in 23 samples (92%). The assay demonstrated a good analytical sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility and can be used directly on clinical specimens.
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21
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de Bruin OM, Chiefari A, Wroblewski D, Egan C, Kelly-Cirino CD. A novel chemical lysis method for maximum release of DNA from difficult-to-lyse bacteria. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:292-297. [PMID: 30414838 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular detection of microorganisms requires releasing DNA from cells. However, since certain microbial organisms are refractory to lysis by chemical or enzymatic methods, mechanical lysis by bead-beating is typically employed to disrupt difficult-to-lyse microbes. A newly developed chemical lysis method called sporeLYSE enables release of DNA from difficult-to-lyse microbes without bead-beating. The sporeLYSE method was compared to bead-beating and an alkaline/detergent lysis solution for releasing DNA from microbes grown in vitro, including surrogates of Category A bioterrorism agents. sporeLYSE released 83% to 100% of DNA from Mycobacterium smegmatis, Francisella philomiragia, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella catarrhalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. qPCR results indicated that sporeLYSE extracted an equal or greater amount of DNA than either bead-beating or alkaline/detergent lysis from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. When sporeLYSE was used to extract DNA from saliva and sputum spiked with M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis, respectively, the qPCR Ct values were 4-8 cycles lower than those for extractions via alkaline/detergent lysis and heat. Mean Ct values for sporesLYSE extractions from spores of Clostridium difficile and C. botulinum were approximately two cycles lower than those of MagNA Pure DNA extractions. Our results suggest that sporeLYSE is an easy-to-use liquid reagent that can efficiently release large amounts of DNA from a variety of bacteria, including spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle M de Bruin
- DNA Genotek Inc., 3000 - 500 Palladium Drive, Ottawa, ON, K2V 1C2, Canada.
| | - Amy Chiefari
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Danielle Wroblewski
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Christina Egan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
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22
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DNA markers for tuberculosis diagnosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:139-152. [PMID: 30514496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), is an infectious disease with more than 10.4 million cases and 1.7 million deaths reported worldwide in 2016. The classical methods for detection and differentiation of mycobacteria are: acid-fast microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen staining), culture, and biochemical methods. However, the microbial phenotypic characterization is time-consuming and laborious. Thus, fast, easy, and sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have been developed based on specific DNA markers, which are commercially available for TB diagnosis. Despite these developments, the disease remains uncontrollable. The identification and differentiation among MTBC members with the use of NAATs remains challenging due, among other factors, to the high degree of homology within the members and mutations, which hinders the identification of specific target sequences in the genome with potential impact in the diagnosis and treatment outcomes. In silico methods provide predictive identification of many new target genes/fragments/regions that can specifically be used to identify species/strains, which have not been fully explored. This review focused on DNA markers useful for MTBC detection, species identification and antibiotic resistance determination. The use of DNA targets with new technological approaches will help to develop NAATs applicable to all levels of the health system, mainly in low resource areas, which urgently need customized methods to their specific conditions.
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23
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Marcos LA, Spitzer ED, Mahapatra R, Ma Y, Halse TA, Shea J, Isabelle M, Lapierre P, Escuyer VE. Mycobacterium orygis Lymphadenitis in New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1749-1751. [PMID: 28930016 PMCID: PMC5621560 DOI: 10.3201/eid2310.170490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium orygis in an immunocompetent person in Stony Brook, New York, USA. Initial real-time PCR assay failed to provide a final subspecies identification within the M. tuberculosis complex, but whole-genome sequencing characterized the isolate as M. orygis.
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24
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Scasso F, Ferrari G, DE Vincentiis GC, Arosio A, Bottero S, Carretti M, Ciardo A, Cocuzza S, Colombo A, Conti B, Cordone A, DE Ciccio M, Delehaye E, Della Vecchia L, DE Macina I, Dentone C, DI Mauro P, Dorati R, Fazio R, Ferrari A, Ferrea G, Giannantonio S, Genta I, Giuliani M, Lucidi D, Maiolino L, Marini G, Marsella P, Meucci D, Modena T, Montemurri B, Odone A, Palma S, Panatta ML, Piemonte M, Pisani P, Pisani S, Prioglio L, Scorpecci A, Scotto DI Santillo L, Serra A, Signorelli C, Sitzia E, Tropiano ML, Trozzi M, Tucci FM, Vezzosi L, Viaggi B. Emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in otorhinolaryngology. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2018; 38:S1-S106. [PMID: 29967548 PMCID: PMC6056203 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-suppl.1-38-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Emerging and re-emerging infectious disease in otorhinolaryngology (ENT) are an area of growing epidemiological and clinical interest. The aim of this section is to comprehensively report on the epidemiology of key infectious disease in otorhinolaryngology, reporting on their burden at the national and international level, expanding of the need of promoting and implementing preventive interventions, and the rationale of applying evidence-based, effective and cost- effective diagnostic, curative and preventive approaches. In particular, we focus on i) ENT viral infections (HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, Human Papilloma virus), retrieving the available evidence on their oncogenic potential; ii) typical and atypical mycobacteria infections; iii) non-specific granulomatous lymphadenopathy; iv) emerging paediatric ENT infectious diseases and the prevention of their complications; v) the growing burden of antimicrobial resistance in ENT and the strategies for its control in different clinical settings. We conclude by outlining knowledge gaps and action needed in ENT infectious diseases research and clinical practice and we make references to economic analysis in the field of ENT infectious diseases prevention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scasso
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASL 3 Genovese, Ospedale P.A. Micone, Genova, Italy
| | - G Ferrari
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASL 5 Genovese, Ospedale P.A. Levante Ligure, La Spezia, Italy
| | - G C DE Vincentiis
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - A Arosio
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Macchi, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - S Bottero
- UOC Chirurgia delle Vie Aeree, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - M Carretti
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - A Ciardo
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASL 5 Genovese, Ospedale P.A. Levante Ligure, La Spezia, Italy
| | - S Cocuzza
- Clinica di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Colombo
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy
| | - B Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Cordone
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASL 3 Genovese, Ospedale P.A. Micone, Genova, Italy
| | - M DE Ciccio
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASL 5 Genovese, Ospedale P.A. Levante Ligure, La Spezia, Italy
| | - E Delehaye
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASL 5 Genovese, Ospedale P.A. Levante Ligure, La Spezia, Italy
| | - L Della Vecchia
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Macchi, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - I DE Macina
- SOC Malattie Infettive, ASL 1 Imperiese, Ospedale di Sanremo, Italy
| | - C Dentone
- SOC Malattie Infettive, ASL 1 Imperiese, Ospedale di Sanremo, Italy
| | - P DI Mauro
- Clinica di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Dorati
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Fazio
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASL 5 Genovese, Ospedale P.A. Levante Ligure, La Spezia, Italy
| | - A Ferrari
- Direzione Sanitaria, AOU Parma, Italy
| | - G Ferrea
- SOC Malattie Infettive, ASL 1 Imperiese, Ospedale di Sanremo, Italy
| | - S Giannantonio
- UOC Audiologia e Otochirurgia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - I Genta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Giuliani
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - D Lucidi
- UOC Audiologia e Otochirurgia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - L Maiolino
- Clinica di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Marini
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - P Marsella
- UOC Audiologia e Otochirurgia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - D Meucci
- UOC Chirurgia delle Vie Aeree, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - T Modena
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Montemurri
- UOC Audiologia e Otochirurgia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - A Odone
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - S Palma
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria di Udine (ASUIUD), Italy
| | - M L Panatta
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - M Piemonte
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria di Udine (ASUIUD), Italy
| | - P Pisani
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy
| | - S Pisani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Prioglio
- SOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASL 3 Genovese, Ospedale P.A. Micone, Genova, Italy
| | - A Scorpecci
- UOC Audiologia e Otochirurgia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | - A Serra
- Clinica di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Signorelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy; Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - E Sitzia
- UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - M L Tropiano
- UOC Chirurgia delle Vie Aeree, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - M Trozzi
- UOC Chirurgia delle Vie Aeree, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - F M Tucci
- UOS Chirurgia Cervicale ORL, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - L Vezzosi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - B Viaggi
- SOC Neuroanestesia e Rianimazione, A.O.U. Careggi, Firenze, Italy
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25
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Ufimtseva E, Eremeeva N, Petrunina E, Umpeleva T, Karskanova S, Bayborodin S, Vakhrusheva D, Kravchenko M, Skornyakov S. Ex vivo expansion of alveolar macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the resected lungs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191918. [PMID: 29401466 PMCID: PMC5798839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as the causative agent, remains to be a serious world health problem. Traditional methods used for the study of Mtb in the lungs of TB patients do not provide information about the number and functional status of Mtb, especially if Mtb are located in alveolar macrophages. We have developed a technique to produce ex vivo cultures of cells from different parts of lung tissues surgically removed from patients with pulmonary TB and compared data on the number of cells with Mtb inferred by the proposed technique to the results of bacteriological and histological analyses used for examination of the resected lungs. The ex vivo cultures of cells obtained from the resected lungs of all patients were largely composed of CD14-positive alveolar macrophages, foamy or not, with or without Mtb. Lymphocytes, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and multinucleate Langhans giant cells were also observed. We found alveolar macrophages with Mtb in the ex vivo cultures of cells from the resected lungs of even those TB patients, whose sputum smears and lung tissues did not contain acid-fast Mtb or reveal growing Mtb colonies on dense medium. The detection of alveolar macrophages with Mtb in ex vivo culture as soon as 16-18 h after isolation of cells from the resected lungs of all TB patients suggests that the technique proposed for assessing the level of infection in alveolar macrophages of TB patients has higher sensitivity than do prolonged bacteriological or pathomorphological methods. The proposed technique allowed us to rapidly (in two days after surgery) determine the level of infection with Mtb in the cells of the resected lungs of TB patients and, by the presence or absence of Mtb colonies, including those with cording morphology, the functional status of the TB agent at the time of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ufimtseva
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Research Institute of Biochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Natalya Eremeeva
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Petrunina
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Umpeleva
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Karskanova
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Bayborodin
- Shared Center for Microscopic Analysis of Biological Objects, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Diana Vakhrusheva
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marionella Kravchenko
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Skornyakov
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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26
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Bapat PR, Dodkey RS, Shekhawat SD, Husain AA, Nayak AR, Kawle AP, Daginawala HF, Singh LK, Kashyap RS. Prevalence of zoonotic tuberculosis and associated risk factors in Central Indian populations. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2017; 7:277-283. [PMID: 29110869 PMCID: PMC7384573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to estimate the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) and examine the determinants of distribution of the disease in three high-risk populations of Central India. A prospective cohort study was conducted in Central India between March 2014 and June 2015. Based on the requisite inclusion criteria, we recruited a total of 301 participants whose blood samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction-based detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. bovis was detected in 11.4%, 8.9%, and 12.6% of the recruited participants belonging to three distinct population groups (Groups A, B, and C, respectively). The highest proportion of cases infected with M. bovis was observed in Group C, who lived in the high TB endemic region. Previous contact with active TB cases (odds ratio = 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.9612–14.4533) and raw milk consumption (odds ratio = 5.3472; 95% confidence interval, 1.9590–14.5956) were found to be important determinants of bovine TB in this population. The high incidence rates of bovine TB in the Central Indian populations indicate the substantial consequences of this disease for some population groups and settings. However, more research is necessary to identify the main transmission drivers in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi R Bapat
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renuka S Dodkey
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Seema D Shekhawat
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aliabbas A Husain
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit R Nayak
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuja P Kawle
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hatim F Daginawala
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lokendra K Singh
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajpal S Kashyap
- Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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27
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Sevilla IA, Molina E, Tello M, Elguezabal N, Juste RA, Garrido JM. Detection of Mycobacteria by Culture and DNA-Based Methods in Animal-Derived Food Products Purchased at Spanish Supermarkets. Front Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28649235 PMCID: PMC5465283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria include obligate and opportunistic pathogens that cause significant human and animal disease. The burden of tuberculosis has been largely reduced in developed territories but remains a huge problem worldwide. The significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria is growing considerably, especially in developed regions with higher life expectancy and more therapy-related immunosuppressed individuals. Due to their robustness mycobacteria can contaminate animal products by direct transmission from infected individuals or by environmental contamination during processing. The situation at market level is poorly known. Most studies analyzing commercially available foods are limited to a small or local scale and mainly focused on a particular mycobacterial species. There is a need to investigate if animal products that have passed the established controls to be for sale at main supermarkets could represent a route of contact with any mycobacteria. Thus, our goal was to study the prevalence of mycobacteria in these foods to assess if this could represent a source of human exposure. Five stores from the main supermarket chains in Spain were selected. 138 dairy and 119 meat products were purchased. All were processed using culture and multiplex real-time PCR methods. Additional molecular methods were used to specifically identify any positive result. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (2), M. avium subsp. avium (1), and M. fortuitum (1) were isolated from powdered infant formula and ground beef, chicken sausage, and mortadella cold cut, respectively. Mycobacterial DNA (M. avium, M. tuberculosis complex and other nontuberculous mycobacteria) was detected in 15% of dairy products and 2% of meat products. These results show that the prevalence of viable mycobacteria in foods of animal origin obtained at the supermarket was not substantial although a considerable proportion of them contained mycobacterial DNA. Contact with mycobacteria through this route could be ensured over time. Further investigation is necessary to determine the real impact of foodborne mycobacterial exposure on human health and identify critical points in the food production system to enable setting up more stringent control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker A Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
| | - Maitane Tello
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
| | - Ramón A Juste
- SERIDA-Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Carretera de OviedoVillaviciosa, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
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28
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Shea J, Halse TA, Lapierre P, Shudt M, Kohlerschmidt D, Van Roey P, Limberger R, Taylor J, Escuyer V, Musser KA. Comprehensive Whole-Genome Sequencing and Reporting of Drug Resistance Profiles on Clinical Cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York State. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:1871-1882. [PMID: 28381603 PMCID: PMC5442544 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00298-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a newer alternative for tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and is capable of providing rapid drug resistance profiles while performing species identification and capturing the data necessary for genotyping. Our laboratory developed and validated a comprehensive and sensitive WGS assay to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains, composed of a novel DNA extraction, optimized library preparation, paired-end WGS, and an in-house-developed bioinformatics pipeline. This new assay was assessed using 608 MTBC isolates, with 146 isolates during the validation portion of this study and 462 samples received prospectively. In February 2016, this assay was implemented to test all clinical cases of MTBC in New York State, including isolates and early positive Bactec mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 cultures from primary specimens. Since the inception of the assay, we have assessed the accuracy of identification of MTBC strains to the species level, concordance with culture-based drug susceptibility testing (DST), and turnaround time. Species identification by WGS was determined to be 99% accurate. Concordance between drug resistance profiles generated by WGS and culture-based DST methods was 96% for eight drugs, with an average resistance-predictive value of 93% and susceptible-predictive value of 96%. This single comprehensive WGS assay has replaced seven molecular assays and has resulted in resistance profiles being reported to physicians an average of 9 days sooner than with culture-based DST for first-line drugs and 32 days sooner for second-line drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Shea
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Tanya A Halse
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Shudt
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Donna Kohlerschmidt
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Van Roey
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Limberger
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jill Taylor
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Vincent Escuyer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kimberlee A Musser
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
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29
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A rare case of chronic otitis externa due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2017; 8:13-15. [PMID: 31723705 PMCID: PMC6850261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic otitis externa due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is extremely rare and very few cases have been presented in the medical literature. We report here the case of an immunocompetent 68-year-old male with chronic auricular drainage, otalgia, hearing loss, external ear canal and tympanic membrane thickening for 3 years who was ultimately diagnosed with tuberculous chronic otitis externa on biopsy of external auditory canal granulation tissue using molecular diagnostic techniques. Later, sputum cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex indicating disseminated tuberculosis. However, two plausible explanations could be pulmonary TB that disseminated to the ear canal with evidence of middle and outer otitis, or upper airway/nasopharyngeal involvement with direct extension into the middle and outer ear canals. Although extremely rare, extrapulmonary laryngeal head and neck tuberculosis should be considered in immunocompetent patients who present with chronic otitis without prior known exposure to tuberculosis when they fail standard therapy and in whom no other microbiologic cause can be identified.
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30
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First-time detection and identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex members in extrapulmonary tuberculosis clinical samples in south Tunisia by a single tube tetraplex real-time PCR assay. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005572. [PMID: 28475618 PMCID: PMC5435359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tunisia has one of the highest burdens of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) among tuberculosis (TB) cases but the contribution of MTBC-mediated human EPTB is unknown. EPTB diagnosis is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of clinical samples. Therefore, a need of a simplified molecular method for sensitive and specific TB detection and differentiation of MTBC members caused EPTB remains a priority to an early diagnosis, optimize successful anti-TB treatment and minimize transmission. We evaluated the performance of a single tube tetraplex Taq Man real time PCR for EPTB detection and differentiation between MTBC members directly on extrapulmonary samples. Materials and methods Extrapulmonary samples obtained from clinically suspected EPTB patients from 2013 to April 2015 were tested by Ziehl Neelsen Staining, mycobacterial culture and qPCR assay for RD1, RD9, RD12 and ext-RD9 targets (MTBC-RD qPCR). The performance of qPCR was compared to a reference standard based on MTBC culture and/or at least two criteria of a composite reference standard (CRS) including clinical, radiological, histopathological and therapeutic findings. Results EPTB was identified in 157/170 (92.4%) of included patients of whom 99 (63%) were confirmed by culture and 58 (36.9%) by CRS criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of qPCR, in comparison to the reference standard were 100% (157/157) and 92.3% (12/13), respectively. The sensitivity of qPCR was statistically significant as compared to culture and smear microscopy (P< 0.001). QPCR results showed M. bovis identification in 77.1% of extrapulmonary samples in occurrence to lymphadenitis infection. M. tuberculosis and M.bovis BCG were detected in 21.6% and 1.3% of cases, respectively. Conclusions MTBC–RD qPCR proved to be a rapid and sensitive assay for simultaneously TB detection and MTBC members identification on extrapulmonary samples within 1.5 days after sample receipt. Its high sensitivity could make this method a useful tool in diagnosing TB in addition to routine conventional methods and TB clinical parameters. Mycobacterial related EPTB diagnosis remains a challenge. In fact the paucibacillary nature of human specimens realized from inaccessible sites might be one of the causes giving a low sensitivity of routine used diagnostic tests. Therefore the use of Real time PCR (qPCR) contributes to a specific, sensitive and rapid EPTB diagnosis which helps to a successful anti TB treatment. However almost all the previous studies using qPCR to improve the molecular diagnosis of EPTB have focused only on positive culture materials or have identified only the Mycobacterium genus. Indeed, despite the relatively high occurrence of TB cases in Tunisia, there is no study available on EPTB related mycobacteria in southern Tunisia. Thus, our study is the first to evaluate a single tube tetraplex MTBC-RD qPCR in order to (i) detect and differentiate between the different MTBC members directly on EPTB specimens (ii) correlate qPCR results with a reference standard based on culture and/or at least two criteria of a composite reference standard (CRS) including clinical, radiological, histopathological and therapeutic findings. In our study, MTBC-RD qPCR was shown to give a high sensitivity and specificity compared to the reference standard. M. bovis is the major cause of EPTB in occurrence to lymphadenitis infection. Finally, M. bovis and M. tuberculosis were identified by qPCR among patients with negative culture being CRS positive for EPTB.
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Oral Vaccination of Free-Living Badgers (Meles meles) with Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Confers Protection against Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168851. [PMID: 28121981 PMCID: PMC5266210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A field trial was conducted to investigate the impact of oral vaccination of free-living badgers against natural-transmitted Mycobacterium bovis infection. For a period of three years badgers were captured over seven sweeps in three zones and assigned for oral vaccination with a lipid-encapsulated BCG vaccine (Liporale-BCG) or with placebo. Badgers enrolled in Zone A were administered placebo while all badgers enrolled in Zone C were vaccinated with BCG. Badgers enrolled in the middle area, Zone B, were randomly assigned 50:50 for treatment with vaccine or placebo. Treatment in each zone remained blinded until the end of the study period. The outcome of interest was incident cases of tuberculosis measured as time to seroconversion events using the BrockTB Stat-Pak lateral flow serology test, supplemented with post-mortem examination. Among the vaccinated badgers that seroconverted, the median time to seroconversion (413 days) was significantly longer (p = 0.04) when compared with non-vaccinated animals (230 days). Survival analysis (modelling time to seroconversion) revealed that there was a significant difference in the rate of seroconversion between vaccinated and non-vaccinated badgers in Zones A and C throughout the trial period (p = 0.015). For badgers enrolled during sweeps 1–2 the Vaccine Efficacy (VE) determined from hazard rate ratios was 36% (95% CI: -62%– 75%). For badgers enrolled in these zones during sweeps 3–6, the VE was 84% (95% CI: 29%– 97%). This indicated that VE increased with the level of vaccine coverage. Post-mortem examination of badgers at the end of the trial also revealed a significant difference in the proportion of animals presenting with M. bovis culture confirmed lesions in vaccinated Zone C (9%) compared with non-vaccinated Zone A (26%). These results demonstrate that oral BCG vaccination confers protection to badgers and could be used to reduce incident rates in tuberculosis-infected populations of badgers.
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Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:239-90. [PMID: 26912567 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00055-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The immunocompromised host is at increased risk of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria infection. Although
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex is a significant mycobacterial pathogen, nontuberculous mycobacteria causes substantial disease in those with suppressed immune responses. Mycobacterial infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality in this patient population, and rapid identification and susceptibility testing of the mycobacterial species is paramount to patient management and outcomes. Mycobacterial diagnostics has undergone some significant advances in the last two decades with immunodiagnostics (interferon gamma release assay), microscopy (light-emitting diode), culture (automated broth-based systems), identification (direct PCR, sequencing and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry) and susceptibility testing (molecular detection of drug resistance from direct specimens or positive cultures). Employing the most rapid and sensitive methods in the mycobacterial laboratory will have a tremendous impact on patient care and, in the case of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex, in the control of tuberculosis.
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Lara-Oya A, Rodríguez-Granger JM, Liébana-Martos MDC, Mendoza-López P, Sampedro-Martínez A, Cobo F, Gutierrez-Fernández J, Martínez-Lirola MJ, Navarro-Marí JM. Preliminary evaluation of a new kit for differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species using Speed-Oligo MTBC. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:910-914. [PMID: 27389862 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first evaluation of a novel molecular assay, the Speed-Oligo Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (SO-MTBC), which is based on PCR combined with a dipstick for the differentiation of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members. The results of this assay were compared with findings obtained using the Genotype MTBC assay. In this study, 189 strains of MTBC isolates from 2011 to 2014 were evaluated to determine the MTBC species. Most (174, 92 %) of the strains were identified as M. tuberculosissensu stricto, 7 (3.7 %) as Mycobacteriumbovis, 5 (2.6 %) as M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, 2 (1.1 %) as Mycobacteriumafricanum and 1 (0.5 %) as Mycobacteriumcaprae; no strains belonged to Mycobacteriummicroti and Mycobacteriumcanettii subsp. The concordance κ coefficient obtained was 0.96 with the results of the Genotype MTBC assay. SO-MTBC may represent a fast and easy-to-use alternative for differentiating among MTBC subspecies in laboratories with standard equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lara-Oya
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Sampedro-Martínez
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Cobo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutierrez-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid, 11, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | | | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 18014 Granada, Spain
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Mitchell K, Halse T, Kohlerschmidt D, Bennett T, Vanner C, King E, Musser K, Escuyer V. A Model of Shared Mycobacteriology Testing Services: Lessons Learned. Public Health Rep 2016; 130:623-31. [PMID: 26556934 DOI: 10.1177/003335491513000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The need for public health laboratories (PHLs) to prioritize resources has led to increased interest in sharing diagnostic services. To address this concept for tuberculosis (TB) testing, the New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center and the Rhode Island State Health Laboratories assessed the feasibility of shared services for the detection and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). METHODS We assessed multiple aspects of shared services including shipping, testing, reporting, and cost. Rhode Island State Health Laboratories shipped MTBC-positive specimens and isolates to Wadsworth Center. Average turnaround times were calculated and cost analysis was performed. RESULTS Testing turnaround times were similar at both PHLs; however, the availability of conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) results for Rhode Island primary specimens and isolates were extended by approximately four days of shipping time. An extended molecular testing panel was performed on every specimen submitted from Rhode Island State Health Laboratories to Wadsworth Center, and the total cost per specimen at Wadsworth Center was $177.12 less than at Rhode Island State Health Laboratories, plus shipping. Following a mid-study review, Wadsworth Center provided testing turnaround times for detection (same day), species determination of MTBC (same day), and molecular DST (2.5 days). CONCLUSION The collaboration between Wadsworth Center and Rhode Island State Health Laboratories to assess shared services of TB testing highlighted a successful model that may serve as a guideline for other PHLs. The provision of additional rapid testing at a lower cost demonstrated in this study could potentially improve patient management and result in significant cost and resource savings if used in similar models across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Mitchell
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY
| | - Tanya Halse
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY
| | | | - Toby Bennett
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI
| | | | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI
| | - Kimberlee Musser
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY
| | - Vincent Escuyer
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY
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Sheng S, Liu L, Zhao Z, Cai M, Jiang X, Kang Y, Dai Q, Lu X, Xie G. Electrochemical Determination of 16s Ribosomal RNA of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using Magnetite on Silica with DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Faksri K, Hanchaina R, Sangka A, Namwat W, Lulitanond V. Development and application of single-tube multiplex real-time PCR for lineage classification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on large sequence polymorphism in Northeast Thailand. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:404-10. [PMID: 26025596 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An appreciation of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is needed for effective planning of strategies in tuberculosis (TB) control. Large sequence polymorphisms (LSPs) are the molecular epidemiological and evolutionary markers for classification of Mtb into East Asian (EA) or Beijing, Indo-Oceanic (IO), Euro-American (EuA) and East African-Indian (EAI) lineages. We aimed to develop a single-tube multiplex real-time PCR assay using melting curve analysis for lineage classification of Mtb based on LSPs. The technique was optimized and tested with well-characterized strains (n = 89). The developed technique was then applied to classify Mtb isolates from TB patients (n = 256) randomly recruited from 19 provinces covering Northeast Thailand in 2013-2014. The technique demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity based on well-characterized strains compared to conventional techniques. The detection limit of the technique is 0.05 ng of genomic DNA of Mtb. The 256 Mtb isolates represented IO (n = 178, 70%), Beijing (n = 60, 23%) and EuA (n = 18, 7%) lineages. Significant associations of the Beijing lineage with drug resistance (p < 0.001) and younger average age of TB patients (p < 0.001) compared to other lineages were shown. The single-tube multiplex real-time PCR technique provides a simple, rapid and high performance tool for characterizing Mtb based on LSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Rattanavinan Hanchaina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Arunnee Sangka
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wises Namwat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Viraphong Lulitanond
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Costa P, Couto I, Viveiros M, Inácio J. Nested and multiplex real-time PCR using dual-labeled probes: detecting and discriminating Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members in cultures and animal tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1247:133-43. [PMID: 25399092 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2004-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) are causative agents of tuberculosis (TB) in both humans and animals. In the last two decades, the accumulating knowledge of the nucleotide sequences of several genes, and of the whole genomes, of MTC members has allowed the development of novel molecular assays able to detect and discriminate between these species. However, despite the significant advances in the development of molecular assays for detecting MTC members in human samples, only a few assays have been described for detecting these agents in animal tissues. In this chapter we describe the use of two TaqMan (®)-based real-time PCR approaches, highly sensitive and specific and easy to perform, to detect and identify veterinary-relevant MTC species in both animal tissue samples and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária IP, Lisbon, Portugal
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Costa P, Botelho A, Couto I, Viveiros M, Inácio J. Standing of nucleic acid testing strategies in veterinary diagnosis laboratories to uncover Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members. Front Mol Biosci 2014; 1:16. [PMID: 25988157 PMCID: PMC4428369 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2014.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid testing (NAT) designate any molecular approach used for the detection, identification, and characterization of pathogenic microorganisms, enabling the rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. These assays have been widely used since the 90s of the last century in human clinical laboratories and, subsequently, also in veterinary diagnostics. Most NAT strategies are based in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its several enhancements and variations. From the conventional PCR, real-time PCR and its combinations, isothermal DNA amplification, to the nanotechnologies, here we review how the NAT assays have been applied to decipher if and which member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is present in a clinical sample. Recent advances in DNA sequencing also brought new challenges and have made possible to generate rapidly and at a low cost, large amounts of sequence data. This revolution with the high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies makes whole genome sequencing (WGS) and metagenomics the trendiest NAT strategies, today. The ranking of NAT techniques in the field of clinical diagnostics is rising, and we provide a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis with our view of the use of molecular diagnostics for detecting tuberculosis in veterinary laboratories, notwithstanding the gold standard being still the classical culture of the agent. The complementary use of both classical and molecular diagnostics approaches is recommended to speed the diagnostic, enabling a fast decision by competent authorities and rapid tackling of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária IPLisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical da Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Botelho
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária IPLisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical da Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos (CREM), Universidade Nova de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical da Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical da Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - João Inácio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of BrightonBrighton, UK
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Costa P, Amaro A, Ferreira AS, Machado D, Albuquerque T, Couto I, Botelho A, Viveiros M, Inácio J. Rapid identification of veterinary-relevant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species using 16S rDNA, IS6110 and Regions of Difference-targeted dual-labelled hydrolysis probes. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 107:13-22. [PMID: 25192844 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) are causative agents of tuberculosis (TB) in both humans and animals. MTC species are genetically very similar but may differ in their epidemiology, namely geographic distribution and host preferences, virulence traits and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. However, the conventional laboratory diagnosis does not routinely differentiate between the species of the MTC. In this work we describe a rapid and robust two-step five-target probe-based real-time PCR identification algorithm, based on genomic deletion analysis, to identify the MTC species most commonly associated with TB in livestock and other animals. The first step allows the confirmation of the cultures as MTC members, by targeting their IS6110 element, or as a mycobacterial species, if only a 16S rDNA product is detected in the duplex amplification reaction. If a MTC member is identified, the second amplification step allows the assessment of the presence or absence of the RD1, RD4 and RD9 genomic regions. The correspondent pattern allows us to infer the species of the isolate as M. tuberculosis (if all RDs are present), Mycobacterium caprae (if only RD1 and RD4 are present) and Mycobacterium bovis (if only RD1 is present). The identification algorithm developed presented an almost perfect agreement with the results of the routine bacteriological analysis, with a kappa coefficient of 0.970 (CI(P95%) 0.929-1.000). The assay is able to be adaptable to automation and implementation in the routine diagnostic framework of veterinary diagnostic laboratories, with a particular focus for reference laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços em Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal; Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Amaro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços em Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços em Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Machado
- Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Albuquerque
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços em Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, CREM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Botelho
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços em Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Grupo de Micobactérias, Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, IHMT/UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Inácio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV, I.P.), Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços em Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, United Kingdom.
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Al-Anazi KA, Al-Jasser AM, Alsaleh K. Infections Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Oncol 2014; 4:231. [PMID: 25207262 PMCID: PMC4144006 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infections are uncommon in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These infections are 10-40 times commoner in recipients of stem cell transplantation than in the general population but they are 10 times less in stem cell transplantation recipients compared to solid organ transplant recipients. The incidence of M. tuberculosis infections in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation ranges between <1 and 16% and varies considerably according to the type of transplant and the geographical location. Approximately 80% of M. tuberculosis infections in stem cell transplant recipients have been reported in patients receiving allografts. Several risk factors predispose to M. tuberculosis infections in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and these are related to the underlying medical condition and its treatment, the pre-transplant conditioning therapies in addition to the transplant procedure and its own complications. These infections can develop as early as day 11 and as late as day 3337 post-transplant. The course may become rapidly progressive and the patient may develop life-threatening complications. The diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infections in stem cell transplant recipients is usually made on clinical grounds, cultures obtained from clinical specimens, tissues biopsies in addition to serology and molecular tests. Unfortunately, a definitive diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infections in these patients may occasionally be difficult to be established. However, M. tuberculosis infections in transplant recipients usually respond well to treatment with anti-tuberculosis agents provided the diagnosis is made early. A high index of suspicion should be maintained in recipients of stem cell transplantation living in endemic areas and presenting with compatible clinical and radiological manifestations. High mortality rates are associated with infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains, miliary or disseminated infections, and delayed initiation of therapy. In recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, isoniazid prophylaxis has specific indications and bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination is contraindicated as it may lead to disseminated infection. The finding that M. tuberculosis may maintain long-term intracellular viability in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells complicates the development of effective vaccines and strategies to eliminate tuberculosis. However, the introduction of linezolid, cellular immunotherapy, and immunomodulation in addition to autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation will ultimately have a positive impact on the overall management of infections caused by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ahmed Al-Anazi
- Section of Adult Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Alsaleh
- Section of Adult Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Pérez-Lago L, Navarro Y, García-de-Viedma D. Current knowledge and pending challenges in zoonosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis: a review. Res Vet Sci 2013; 97 Suppl:S94-S100. [PMID: 24360647 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is both the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB) and a zoonotic pathogen. In humans, considerably fewer cases of TB are caused by M. bovis than M. tuberculosis; nevertheless, diagnostic limitations mean that currently available data on prevalence grossly underestimate the true dimension of the problem. The routes of transmission from animals to humans are well known and include direct exposure to infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products. Application of fingerprinting tools facilitates analysis of the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis in animal-to-human and human-to-human transmission. Apart from cattle and M. bovis, other animal species and members within the M. tuberculosis complex can contribute to the zoonosis. Improvements in diagnostic techniques, application of more advanced discriminatory genotyping tools, and collaboration between veterinary and human health care researchers are key to our understanding of this zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Lago
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CD06/06/0058), Spain
| | - Yurena Navarro
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CD06/06/0058), Spain; CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío García-de-Viedma
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CD06/06/0058), Spain; CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid, Spain.
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The critical role of DNA extraction for detection of mycobacteria in tissues. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78749. [PMID: 24194951 PMCID: PMC3806855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleic acid-based methods offer promise for both targeted and exploratory investigations of microbes in tissue samples. As the starting material for such studies is a mixture of host and microbial DNA, we have critically evaluated the DNA extraction step to determine the quantitative and qualitative parameters that permit faithful molecular detection of mycobacteria in infected tissue. Specifically, we assessed: 1) tissue disruption procedures; 2) DNA extraction protocols; and 3) inhibition of bacterial PCR by host DNA. Principal Findings Regarding DNA extraction, we found that 1) grinding was not necessary if bead-beating is done, 2) the reference mycobacterial DNA extraction method recovered more pure DNA than commercial spin column kits, 3) lysozyme digestion of 1 hour was sufficient, and 4) repeated steps of phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol offered minimal gain in DNA quality. By artificially mixing mycobacterial DNA with DNA extracted from uninfected mice, we found that bacterial real-time quantitative PCR was only reliable when the quantity of host DNA was < 3 µg in a final volume of 25 µl and the quality was high (260/280 nm ratio = 1.89±0.08). Findings from spiked DNA studies were confirmed using DNA extracted from mice infected with different intracellular pathogens (M. tuberculosis, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis). Conclusions Our findings point to the most appropriate methods for extracting DNA from tissue samples for the purpose of detecting and quantifying mycobacteria. These data also inform on the limits of detection for two mycobacterial species and indicate that increasing the sample mass to improve analytic sensitivity comes at the cost of inhibition of PCR by host DNA.
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Kim Y, Choi Y, Jeon BY, Jin H, Cho SN, Lee H. A simple and efficient multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Mycobacterium genus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex to the species level. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:1220-6. [PMID: 23918573 PMCID: PMC3743195 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.5.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex comprises M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and M. africanum, and causes tuberculosis in humans and animals. Identification of Mycobacterium spp. and M. tuberculosis complex to the species level is important for practical use in microbiological laboratories, in addition to optimal treatment and public health. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel multiplex PCR assay targeting a conserved rpoB sequence in Mycobacteria spp., as well as regions of difference (RD) 1 and RD8, was developed and evaluated using 37 reference strains and 178 clinical isolates. RESULTS All mycobacterial strains produced a 518-bp product (rpoB), while other bacteria produced no product. Virulent M. tuberculosis complex strains, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. africanum, produced a 254-bp product (RD1), while M. bovis BCG, M. microti and nontuberculous mycobacteria produced no RD1 region product. Additionally, M. tuberculosis and M. africanum produced a 150-bp product (RD8), while M. bovis and M. bovis BCG produced a 360-bp product (deleted form of RD8). M. microti and nontuberculous mycobacteria produced no RD8 region product. This assay identified all Mycobacterium spp. and all M. tuberculosis complex strains to the species level. CONCLUSION The multiplex PCR assay of the present study could be implemented as a routine test in microbiology laboratories, and may contribute to more effective treatment and surveillance of tuberculosis stemming from the M. tuberculosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yeonim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Nae Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Neuzillet Y, Rouprêt M, Larré S, Irani J, Davin JL, Moreau JL, Pfister C. Diagnostic et prise en charge des événements indésirables sévères survenant au décours des instillations endovésicales de BCG pour le traitement des tumeurs de vessie n’infiltrant pas le muscle (TVNIM). Presse Med 2013; 42:1100-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Region of difference 4 in alpine Mycobacterium caprae isolates indicates three variants. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1381-8. [PMID: 23408688 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02966-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of complete genome sequence information for Mycobacterium caprae complicates a robust differentiation of M. caprae and Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, the presence or absence of M. caprae-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in lepA and gyrB genes was assessed. The region of difference 4 (RD4) was analyzed for the identification and characterization of M. caprae. Molecular characteristics were evaluated in 12 recent M. caprae isolates from livestock and wildlife collected over a 3-year period in Bavaria, Germany. Conventional PCR strategies, sequence analysis of PCR fragments, and data from a next-generation sequencing approach together with variable-number tandem-repeat genotyping were utilized. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lepA and gyrB genes indicating the presence of M. caprae were detected in all the isolates. At least three different RD4 variants were found for Alpine M. caprae isolates. The results demonstrate that the RD4 region is rather heterogeneous in M. caprae genomes. As assumed by others, the presence of RD4 is critical for PCR-based differentiation of M. caprae from M. bovis, but in addition, the observed variability of RD4 allows the identification of M. caprae genotypes and may be indicative of a geographical-type appearance.
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Stucki D, Malla B, Hostettler S, Huna T, Feldmann J, Yeboah-Manu D, Borrell S, Fenner L, Comas I, Coscollà M, Gagneux S. Two new rapid SNP-typing methods for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex into the main phylogenetic lineages. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41253. [PMID: 22911768 PMCID: PMC3401130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that strain variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) might influence the outcome of tuberculosis infection and disease. To assess genotype-phenotype associations, phylogenetically robust molecular markers and appropriate genotyping tools are required. Most current genotyping methods for MTBC are based on mobile or repetitive DNA elements. Because these elements are prone to convergent evolution, the corresponding genotyping techniques are suboptimal for phylogenetic studies and strain classification. By contrast, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are ideal markers for classifying MTBC into phylogenetic lineages, as they exhibit very low degrees of homoplasy. In this study, we developed two complementary SNP-based genotyping methods to classify strains into the six main human-associated lineages of MTBC, the "Beijing" sublineage, and the clade comprising Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. Phylogenetically informative SNPs were obtained from 22 MTBC whole-genome sequences. The first assay, referred to as MOL-PCR, is a ligation-dependent PCR with signal detection by fluorescent microspheres and a Luminex flow cytometer, which simultaneously interrogates eight SNPs. The second assay is based on six individual TaqMan real-time PCR assays for singleplex SNP-typing. We compared MOL-PCR and TaqMan results in two panels of clinical MTBC isolates. Both methods agreed fully when assigning 36 well-characterized strains into the main phylogenetic lineages. The sensitivity in allele-calling was 98.6% and 98.8% for MOL-PCR and TaqMan, respectively. Typing of an additional panel of 78 unknown clinical isolates revealed 99.2% and 100% sensitivity in allele-calling, respectively, and 100% agreement in lineage assignment between both methods. While MOL-PCR and TaqMan are both highly sensitive and specific, MOL-PCR is ideal for classification of isolates with no previous information, whereas TaqMan is faster for confirmation. Furthermore, both methods are rapid, flexible and comparably inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stucki
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bijaya Malla
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Hostettler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thembela Huna
- Division of Mycobacterial Research, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Fenner
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Genomics and Health Unit, Centre for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologìa y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Coscollà
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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SeekTB, a two-stage multiplex real-time-PCR-based method for differentiation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2203-6. [PMID: 22553241 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00718-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). The accurate identification of the MTC member causing human infection is important because the treatment of TB caused by some MTC members requires an alteration of the standard drug regimen, it can inform whether transmission is human to human or zoonotic, and it enables accurate epidemiology studies that help improve TB control. In this study, an internally controlled two-stage multiplex real-time PCR-based method, SeekTB, was developed for the accurate identification of all members of the MTC. The method was tested against a panel of well-characterized bacterial strains (n = 180) and determined to be 100% specific for members of the MTC. Additionally, 125 Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT)-positive cultures were blindly tested by using SeekTB, and the results were compared to those of the GenoType MTBC and TBc ID tests. The SeekTB and GenoType MTBC results were 100% concordant, identifying 84 of these isolates as M. tuberculosis isolates and 41 as non-MTC isolates. Nine discordant results between the molecular methods and the TBc ID culture confirmation test were observed; however, nucleotide sequencing confirmed the results obtained with GenoType MTBC and SeekTB. SeekTB is the first-described internally controlled multiplex real-time PCR diagnostic method for the accurate identification of all eight members of the MTC. This method, designed for use on cultured patient samples, is specific, sensitive, and rapid, with a turnaround time to results of approximately 1.5 to 3.5 h, depending on which, if any, member of the MTC is present.
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