1
|
Duployez C, Millière L, Senneville E, Piantoni L, Migaud H, Wallet F, Loïez C. Evolution of antibiotic susceptibility profiles of staphylococci from osteoarticular infections: A 10-year retrospective study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2023; 109:103512. [PMID: 36528264 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the bacteria responsible for osteoarticular infections is crucial for choosing the appropriate empirical antibiotic regimen. Wide use of broad spectrum antibiotics in these infections may have lead to selection of resistant bacteria. The aim of our study was to answer to these questions: (1) Did the bacterial pathogens isolated from osteoarticular infections (OAIs) and their antibiotic susceptibility profile change over the 10-year period in our University Hospital, particularly for Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative staphylococci? (2) Are the antibiotics used for post-operative antibiotic therapy still effective against staphylococci involved in OAIs? (3) Are the antibiotics used for documented therapy still effective against staphylococci involved in OAIs? HYPOTHESIS We hypothetise that bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance rates have changed little thanks to a reasoned prescription of antibiotics in our Center. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study describing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from osteoarticular infections over 10years in our University Hospital, with a focus on the Staphylococcus genus. RESULTS A total of 3474 staphylococci were included (2373 coagulase negative staphylococci and 1101 S. aureus), 34.8% (1207/3469) of which were resistant to methicillin. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles remained quite stable between 2010 and 2019, except for rifampicin (14.1% (45/318) versus 5.7% (23/401), p=0.0001) and fluoroquinolones (35.3% (109/309) versus 20.3% (81/399), p=0.000008) for which resistance rates significantly decreased even among methicillin-resistant strains. DISCUSSION In spite of wide use of antibiotics in orthopaedic units, overall resistance rates did not increase over the last 10years. The prescription of these molecules in combination regimens guided by the antibiotic susceptibility patterns performed on reliable samples and on the basis of multidisciplinary discussions may explain these results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, retrospective study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Duployez
- Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Institute of Microbiology, Lille University Hospital, Rue du Pr. Jules Leclercq, 59037 Lille, France; University Hospital of Lille, 59037 Lille, France.
| | - Laurine Millière
- Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Institute of Microbiology, Lille University Hospital, Rue du Pr. Jules Leclercq, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Eric Senneville
- University Hospital of Lille, 59037 Lille, France; Infectious Diseases Department, Gustave Dron Hospital, Rue du Président Coty, 59200 Tourcoing, France
| | - Luc Piantoni
- Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Institute of Microbiology, Lille University Hospital, Rue du Pr. Jules Leclercq, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Henri Migaud
- Orthopaedic Department, Lille University Hospital, Hôpital Salengro, Rue Emile Laine, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Wallet
- Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Institute of Microbiology, Lille University Hospital, Rue du Pr. Jules Leclercq, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Caroline Loïez
- Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Institute of Microbiology, Lille University Hospital, Rue du Pr. Jules Leclercq, 59037 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laurence Yehouenou C, Bogaerts B, Vanneste K, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Roosens NHC, Kpangon AA, Affolabi D, Simon A, Dossou FM, Dalleur O. Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Screening of MRSA in Patients and Healthcare Workers in Public Hospitals in Benin. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1954. [PMID: 37630513 PMCID: PMC10459514 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes a serious public health concern, with a considerable impact on patients' health, and substantial healthcare costs. In this study, patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) from six public hospitals in Benin were screened for MRSA. Strains were identified as MRSA using conventional microbiological methods in Benin, and confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in Belgium. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used on the confirmed MRSA isolates, to characterize their genomic content and study their relatedness. Amongst the 305 isolates (304 wound swabs and 61 nasal swabs) that were collected from patients and HCWs, we detected 32 and 15 cases of MRSA, respectively. From this collection, 27 high-quality WGS datasets were obtained, which carried numerous genes and mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance. The mecA gene was detected in all the sequenced isolates. These isolates were assigned to five sequence types (STs), with ST8 (55.56%, n = 15/27), ST152 (18.52%, n = 5/27), and ST121 (18.52%, n = 5/27) being the most common. These 27 isolates carried multiple virulence genes, including the genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin (48.15%, n = 13/27), and the tst gene (29.63%, n = 8/27), associated with toxic shock syndrome. This study highlights the need to implement a multimodal strategy for reducing the risk of the cross-transmission of MRSA in hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Laurence Yehouenou
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Group (CLIP), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain UCLouvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Laboratoire de Référence des Mycobactéries (LRM), Cotonou BP 817, Benin;
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), Université d’Abomey Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin
| | - Bert Bogaerts
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (B.B.); (K.V.); (S.C.J.D.K.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (B.B.); (K.V.); (S.C.J.D.K.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (B.B.); (K.V.); (S.C.J.D.K.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Nancy H. C. Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (B.B.); (K.V.); (S.C.J.D.K.); (N.H.C.R.)
| | - Arsène A. Kpangon
- Ecole Nationale des Techniciens Supérieurs en Santé Publique et Surveillance Épidémiologique, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin;
| | - Dissou Affolabi
- Laboratoire de Référence des Mycobactéries (LRM), Cotonou BP 817, Benin;
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), Université d’Abomey Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin
- Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou BP 386, Benin
| | - Anne Simon
- Centres Hospitaliers Jolimont, Prévention et Contrôle des Infections, Groupe Jolimont Asbl, Rue Ferrer 159, 7100 Haine-Saint-Paul, Belgium;
| | - Francis Moise Dossou
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitaire, Champs de Foire, Cotonou 01 BP 118, Benin;
| | - Olivia Dalleur
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Group (CLIP), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain UCLouvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Pharmacy, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee Y, Cho HS, Choi M, Prathap S, Soundrarajan N, Choi Y, Song H, Hong K, Park C. Comparison of DNA/RNA yield and integrity between PMAP36-mediated and other bacterial lysis methods. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 193:106396. [PMID: 34921868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, several methods are available for the isolation of bacterial DNA and RNA. However, the diversity and complexity of cell envelope structures limit their efficiency depending on the target bacterial species. In this study, we compared the differences in yield and integrity of RNA prepared from four gram-negative and six gram-positive bacterial species using bead-beating, bacteriolytic protein, and PMAP36-vortexing methods. Similarly, we also compared the efficiency of DNA extraction from Staphylococcus aureus. Physical disruption of bacterial cells showed versatility in breaking cells against all tested species; however, a decrease in the integrity of isolated DNA and RNA was observed. Among membranolytic proteins, PMAP36 showed the most promising results, in terms of both the yield and integrity of the prepared nucleic acids. Our results show that each method has inherent advantages and disadvantages depending on its application. Therefore, the characteristics of each method and target species should be considered before the extraction of bacterial DNA and RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Lee
- Department of stem cell and regenerative biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of stem cell and regenerative biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Munjeong Choi
- Department of stem cell and regenerative biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Somasundaram Prathap
- Department of stem cell and regenerative biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of stem cell and regenerative biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of stem cell and regenerative biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of stem cell and regenerative biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of stem cell and regenerative biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Toledo-Silva B, de Souza FN, Mertens K, Piepers S, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S. Bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococci suppress Staphylococcus aureus biofilm dispersal in vitro yet not through agr regulation. Vet Res 2021; 52:114. [PMID: 34479647 PMCID: PMC8414718 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a significant virulence factor in Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. A role of environmental signals and communication systems in biofilm development, such as the agr system in S. aureus, is suggested. In the context of multispecies biofilm communities, the presence of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) might influence S. aureus colonization of the bovine mammary gland, yet, such interspecies interactions have been poorly studied. We determined whether 34 S. chromogenes, 11 S. epidermidis, and 14 S. simulans isolates originating from bovine milk samples and teat apices (TA) were able to affect biofilm formation and dispersion of S. aureus, and if so, how isolate traits such as the capacity to regulate the S. aureus agr quorum sensing system are determinants in this process. The capacity of an agr-positive S. aureus strain to form biofilm was increased more in the presence of S. chromogenes than in the presence of S. simulans and S. epidermidis isolates and in the presence of NAS isolates that do not harbor biofilm related genes. On the other hand, biofilm dispersion of this particular S. aureus strain was suppressed by NAS as a group, an effect that was more pronounced by isolates from TA. Furthermore, the observed effects on biofilm formation and dispersion of the agr-positive S. aureus strain as well as of an agr-negative S. aureus strain did not depend on the capacity of NAS to repress the agr system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Toledo-Silva
- M-Team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fernando N de Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av. 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraiba, Rodovia PB-079 12, Areia, João Pessoa, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Kristien Mertens
- M-Team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-Team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-Team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
K.T R, Sebastian D. Iturin and surfactin from the endophyte Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain RKEA3 exhibits antagonism against Staphylococcus aureus. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Fergestad ME, De Visscher A, L'Abee-Lund T, Tchamba CN, Mainil JG, Thiry D, De Vliegher S, Wasteson Y. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics in 3 collections of staphylococci from bovine milk samples. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10250-10267. [PMID: 33934873 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is a prevalent disease in dairy cattle, and staphylococci are among the most common causative pathogens. Staphylococci can express resistance to a range of antimicrobials, of which methicillin resistance is of particular public health concern. Additionally, Staphylococcus aureus carries a variety of virulence factors, although less is understood about the virulence of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS). The aim of our study was to identify and characterize 3 collections of staphylococcal isolates from bovine milk samples regarding antimicrobial resistance, with emphasis on methicillin resistance, and their carriage of virulence genes typically displayed by Staph. aureus. A total of 272 staphylococcal isolates collected in Norway and Belgium in 2016 were included, distributed as follows: group 1, Norway, 100 isolates; group 2, Flanders, Belgium, 64 isolates; group 3, Wallonia, Belgium, 108 isolates. Species identification was performed by use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Phenotypic resistance was determined via disk diffusion, and PCR was used for detection of methicillin resistance genes, mecA and mecC, and virulence genes. Antimicrobial resistance was common in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus from all different groups, with resistance to trimethoprim-sulfonamide frequently occurring in Staph. epidermidis and Staph. haemolyticus as well as in Staph. aureus. Resistance to penicillin was most frequently observed in group 1. Ten Belgian isolates (1 from group 2, 9 from group 3) carried the methicillin resistance determinant mecA: 5 Staph. aureus from 2 different farms and 5 NAS from 3 different farms. Almost all Staph. aureus isolates were positive for at least 3 of the screened virulence genes, whereas, in total, only 8 NAS isolates harbored any of the same genes. Our study contributes to the continuous need for knowledge regarding staphylococci from food-producing animals as a basis for better understanding of occurrence of resistance and virulence traits in these bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Fergestad
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - A De Visscher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University (UGent), 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - T L'Abee-Lund
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - C Ngassam Tchamba
- Bacteriology, Department of Infection Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research in Animal and Health (FARAH) Centre, University of Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - J G Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infection Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research in Animal and Health (FARAH) Centre, University of Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - D Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infection Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research in Animal and Health (FARAH) Centre, University of Liège (ULiège), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - S De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University (UGent), 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Y Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schubert TL, Hume EB, Willcox MD. Staphylococcus aureus ocular isolates from symptomatic adverse events: antibiotic resistance and similarity of bacteria causing adverse events. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 91:148-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Schubert
- The School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
- The Institute for Eye Research, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Vision CRC, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
E‐mail:
| | - Emma Bh Hume
- The Institute for Eye Research, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Vision CRC, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
E‐mail:
| | - Mark Dp Willcox
- The School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
- The Institute for Eye Research, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Vision CRC, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
E‐mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ngassam Tchamba C, Duprez JN, Lucas P, Blanchard Y, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Argudín MA, Mainil J, Thiry D. Comparison of the Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette (SCC) mec in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Non- aureus Staphylococci (MRNAS) from Animals and Humans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030256. [PMID: 33806351 PMCID: PMC7998684 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and non-aureus staphylococci (MRNAS) cause different infections in animals, including mastitis, in livestock and humans. This study aimed to identify and compare the staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) types of MRSA or MRNAS isolated from several animal species and humans in different countries. Of 1462 S. aureus and non-aureus staphylococci, 68 grew on Chrom MRSA ID® agar, were phenotypically resistant to cefoxitin and tested positive with the PCR for the mecA gene. These 60 MRSA and 8 MRNAS were isolated in Belgium mainly from cows (livestock-associated (LA) MRS) and humans (community-acquired (CA) MRS) and in Japan from dogs and cats. The SCCmec cassettes were identified by multiplex PCR in 52 MRSA and 7 MRNAS and by whole genome sequencing (WGS) in 8 additional MRSA. The SCCmec types IV and V were the most frequent in Belgian LA-MRS and CA-MRS, while the SCCmec type II was identified in four of the five Japanese MRSA. The remaining isolate was a bovine S. haemolyticus in which no SCCmec was identified. These results confirm the high prevalence of the SCCmec types IV and V in LA-MRS and CA-MRS in Belgium, emphasizing the possible public health hazard of the former, and the absence of SCCmec in some MRNAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Ngassam Tchamba
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.N.T.); (J.-N.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Jean-Noël Duprez
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.N.T.); (J.-N.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Viral Genetics and Bio-Security Unit, ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Rue des Fusillés, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (P.L.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Viral Genetics and Bio-Security Unit, ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Rue des Fusillés, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (P.L.); (Y.B.)
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Maria A. Argudín
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Catholic University of Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jacques Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.N.T.); (J.-N.D.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Damien Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.N.T.); (J.-N.D.); (D.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Madhavan A, Sachu A, Balakrishnan A, Vasudevan A, Balakrishnan S, Vasudevapanicker J. Comparison of PCR and phenotypic methods for the detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:31-36. [PMID: 33889360 PMCID: PMC8043827 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i1.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Resistance to methicillin in methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is due to the presence of mec-A gene, which encodes a low affinity penicillin binding protein (PBP)-2a or PBP2. Accurate and rapid identification of MRSA in clinical specimens is essential for timely decision on effective treatment. The aim of the study was to compare three different methods for detection of MRSA namely cefoxitin disc diffusion, CHROM agar MRSA and VITEK-2 susceptibility with PCR which is the gold standard reference method and to find the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these isolates by VITEK-2. Materials and Methods: A Total of 100 non-duplicate S. aureus isolates were collected from different clinical samples among both outpatient and inpatients. Detection of MRSA among these isolates was done by cefoxitin disc diffusion, VITEK-2, CHROM agar MRSA and PCR. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of cefoxitin disc diffusion and Vitek was found to be 97.2% and 100%, while that of CHROM agar was found to be 100% and 78.6%. The overall prevalence of MRSA in our study by PCR was 72%. Conclusion: Based on the findings in our study, isolates which show cefoxitin zone diameter < 22 mm can be reported as MRSA. However, those isolates which have a zone diameter between 22–24 mm, should ideally be confirmed by PCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Madhavan
- Department of Microbiology, Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Sachu
- Department of Microbiology, Believers Church Medical College, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | | | - Anu Vasudevan
- Department of Biostatistics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sobha Balakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology, Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wuytack A, De Visscher A, Piepers S, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S. Non-aureus staphylococci in fecal samples of dairy cows: First report and phenotypic and genotypic characterization. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9345-9359. [PMID: 31421888 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine whether non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are present in rectal feces of healthy dairy cows, and if so, to delineate species to which they belong and to study several phenotypic and genotypic traits as a first step toward determining the potential impact of fecal shedding of NAS on bovine udder health. Fecal samples were aseptically collected from the rectum of 25 randomly selected clinically healthy dairy cows in a commercial dairy herd using an automated milking system. Fecal NAS were isolated and then identified at the species level using transfer RNA-intergenic spacer PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA housekeeping gene. Strain typing was performed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. The antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm formation, and growth and inhibitory characteristics of all NAS isolates were evaluated. Half of the cows were shedding NAS, resulting in 31 NAS isolates belonging to 11 different species. The most prevalent species were Staphylococcus rostri (23%, n = 7), Staphylococcus cohnii (16%, n = 5), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13%, n = 4) with all Staphylococcus agnetis, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Staph. rostri isolates belonging to the same strain according to RAPD banding patterns. Acquired antimicrobial resistance was observed in 28 of the 31 NAS isolates, mainly due to β-lactamase production. Most of the isolates (84%, n = 27) had a weak biofilm-forming potential, but only 2 contained the bap gene. The ica and aap genes were not detected in any of the isolates. In vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae was inhibited by Staph. agnetis isolates, and Staph. chromogenes isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Strep. dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. All fecal isolates were able to grow when oxygen and iron were limitedly available, mimicking the growth conditions in the mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wuytack
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A De Visscher
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science, Agricultural Engineering, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115 bus 1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu J, Pang L, Ma XX, Hu J, Tian Y, Yang YL, Sun DD. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus Aureus with Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility Derivated in Vitro. Open Med (Wars) 2018; 13:475-486. [PMID: 30426085 PMCID: PMC6227741 DOI: 10.1515/med-2018-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin has been the primary agent used to treat serious Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection for many years. However, the rise of MRSA infection rates and the extensive use of vancomycin have led to the emergence of reduced vancomycin susceptibility. Therefore, four typical Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains from different clinical specimens were derivated by vancomycin in vitro to better clarify their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Some experiments, such as stepwise selection of vancomycin-resistant strains, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antimicrobial susceptibility test, population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC), molecular typing, transmission electron microscopy, δ-hemolysin expression, autolysis assay, biofilm assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for gene expression were carried out to compare the derivated bacteria with their parental strains. Results showed that the observed phenotypes of vancomycin-resistant strains such as hemolysin, autolysis and biofilm significantly reduced, which were associated with vancomycin resistance capability of the selected strain. The changes of phenotype and regulatory genes expression were inversely proportional to the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MICvan). Most heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) or VISA strains belonged to spa type t570 and agr group II. In summary, the clinical isolated vancomycin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA), hVISA and VISA could be derivated into high vancomycin-resistant VISA in vitro, but it was difficult for them to develop into vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). VISA and hVISA could gradually adapt to the environment with the vancomycin concentration that continuously elevates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Long Pang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiao Xue Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yixing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ya Li Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dan Dan Sun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saka E, Terzi Gulel G. Detection of Enterotoxin Genes and Methicillin-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Water Buffalo Milk and Dairy Products. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1716-1722. [PMID: 29802728 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from water buffalo milk and dairy products. A total of 200 samples (100 raw milk, 50 clotted cream, and 50 cheese samples) was collected from different dairy farms and smallholders in Samsun, Turkey. All samples were analyzed using the standard procedure EN ISO 6888-1 and isolates were confirmed for the presence of the target 16S rRNA specific for Staphylococcus genus specific and nuc gene specific for S. aureus species by PCR. S. aureus was identified in 30 of 100 milk (30%), 9 of 50 clotted cream (18%), and 17 of 50 cheese (34%) samples. A total of 99 isolates was confirmed as S. aureus. Genotypic methicillin resistance was evaluated using PCR for the mecA gene. Out of 99 isolates, nine (9%) were found to be methicillin resistant (mecA gene positive). Twelve out of 99 (12%) S. aureus isolates were found positive for one or more genes encoding the enterotoxins. The gene coding for enterotoxin, sea, was the most frequent (five isolates, 41.6%), followed by sec (two isolates, 16.6%), sed (1 isolates, 8.3%) and see (1 isolate, 8.3%). While three isolates (25%) contained both sec and sed, none of the samples was positive for seb. In conclusion, the presence of se gene-positive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in buffalo milk and products revealed that consumption of these products is a potential risk of foodborne infection in this region. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Enterotoxigenic and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in milk and dairy products is an important public health problem. Especially in traditional dairy products, Staphylococcal enterotoxins may cause food poisoning due to consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Saka
- Dept. of Bacteriological Diagnosis Laboratory, Samsun Veterinary Control Inst., Atakum, Turkey
| | - Goknur Terzi Gulel
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ouidri MA. Screening of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during admission of patients to Frantz Fanon Hospital, Blida, Algeria. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 23:52-60. [PMID: 29692907 PMCID: PMC5913062 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was performed of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from nasal preoperative samples. Of 663 samples assessed, staphylococcus was detected in 143 (21.57%). The disc diffusion method (cefoxitin 30 μg), a screening test (oxacillin 6 μg/mL) and a search for Protein Binding Additional Penicillin 2 (PLP2a) allowed the detection and confirmation of resistance to methicillin for 36 strains, a rate of 5.43% of the total population studied. Eight MRSA carriers received care in the trauma service, 14 in cardiology, five in ear, nose and throat, four in neurosurgery and paediatrics, and one in SCI. Thirty-six methicillin-resistant of the nasal portage strains are in their great majority, 27 of 36, rather limited multi-R character (two to three families namely resistance: tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides). One of the MRSA strains was found to have intermediate sensitivity to vancomycin.
Collapse
|
14
|
Montanaro L, Baldassarri L, Corazzari T, Creti R, Ravaioli S, Cangini I, Pirini V, Maso A, Donati MELENA, Pegreffi F, Visai L, Campoccia D, Speziale P, Arciola CR. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene Detected in a Staphylococcus Aureus Strain Isolated from a Knee Arthroprosthesis Infection. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 32:630-4. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880903200912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This report focuses on the molecular characterization of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a knee arthroprosthesis infection and recognized retrospectively as a carrier of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. The stored microbiological isolate, which belonged to the strain collection of the Research Unit on Implant Infections of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, was retrieved for molecular analysis. Genotyping was carried out, revealing an interesting profile. In addition to the positivity for the Panton-Valentine toxin gene, the results indicated that the isolate belonged to the agr III group and was endowed with bbp and cna genes, both encoding for staphylococcal adhesins that bind bone proteins. The strain had the mecA gene for methicillin resistance, even though it was unable to resist any of the β-lactam or other antibiotics. Its gene configuration matched that of other community-acquired methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA) strains which have recently been reported worldwide. As far as we know, this is the first report on a PVL-positive S. aureus strain associated with an orthopedic implant (knee arthroprosthesis) infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Lucilla Baldassarri
- Respiratory and Systemic Disease Unit, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, National Health Institute, Rome - Italy
| | - Tolmino Corazzari
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena - Italy
| | - Roberta Creti
- Respiratory and Systemic Disease Unit, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, National Health Institute, Rome - Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Ilaria Cangini
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| | - Valter Pirini
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Alessandra Maso
- Microbiological Analysis Section of the Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - M. ELENA Donati
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Currently at the Microbiological Analysis Section of the Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Francesco Pegreffi
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia - Italy
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia - Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna - Italy
- Experimental Pathology Department, University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang Y, Hu Z, Shang W, Hu Q, Zhu J, Yang J, Peng H, Zhang X, Liu H, Cong Y, Li S, Hu X, Zhou R, Rao X. Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization Revealed High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in Chongqing, Southwestern China. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:241-246. [PMID: 27754770 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) accounts for ∼40% of staphylococcal infections in China. However, the molecular characterization of MSSA is not well described. In this study, 124 MSSA strains collected in 2013 from a comprehensive teaching hospital in Chongqing, Southwestern China, were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility testing and molecular typing, including multilocus sequence typing, staphylococcal protein A (spa) gene typing, accessory gene regulator (agr) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) gene detection, and antibiotic-resistant gene detection. MSSA strains exhibited high genetic heterogeneity. A total of 10 PFGE groups, 26 sequence types, and 47 spa types were identified. Type I (62.9%) was the most frequent agr type, followed by type II (15.3%), type IV (11.3%), and type III (10.5%). The prevalence of pvl genes was 27.4% (34/124). Notably, 44.4% (55/124) of MSSA strains were multidrug resistance (MDR), and MDR isolates were mostly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. The resistance gene blaZ was present in 84.7% of strains, ermC was present in 85.5% of strains, ermA was present in 28.2% of strains, tetK was present in 16.1% of strains, tetM was present in 6.5% of strains, and aacA-aphD was present in 2.6% of strains. These data demonstrated the high prevalence of MDR MSSA in Chongqing, thereby indicating the need to control MSSA infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Yang
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Qiwen Hu
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Junmin Zhu
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Yanguang Cong
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Li
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- 2 Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- 1 Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Soo Yean CY, Selva Raju K, Xavier R, Subramaniam S, Gopinath SCB, Chinni SV. Molecular Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Non-Protein Coding RNA-Mediated Monoplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158736. [PMID: 27367909 PMCID: PMC4930178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-protein coding RNA (npcRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Bacterial npcRNAs are structurally diversified molecules, typically 50-200 nucleotides in length. They play a crucial physiological role in cellular networking, including stress responses, replication and bacterial virulence. In this study, by using an identified npcRNA gene (Sau-02) in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), we identified the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus. A Sau-02-mediated monoplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was designed that displayed high sensitivity and specificity. Fourteen different bacteria and 18 S. aureus strains were tested, and the results showed that the Sau-02 gene is specific to S. aureus. The detection limit was tested against genomic DNA from MRSA and was found to be ~10 genome copies. Further, the detection was extended to whole-cell MRSA detection, and we reached the detection limit with two bacteria. The monoplex PCR assay demonstrated in this study is a novel detection method that can replicate other npcRNA-mediated detection assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Yeap Soo Yean
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Kishanraj Selva Raju
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Rathinam Xavier
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | | | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boda SK, Pandit S, Garai A, Pal D, Basu B. Bacterial siderophore mimicking iron complexes as DNA targeting antimicrobials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial secretion of siderophores for iron uptake can be employed as an efficient strategy to smuggle in bactericidal agents by conjugation to iron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Boda
- Laboratory for Biomaterials – Materials Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore – 560012
- India
| | - Subhendu Pandit
- Laboratory for Biomaterials – Materials Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore – 560012
- India
| | - Aditya Garai
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore – 560012
- India
| | - Debnath Pal
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore – 560012
- India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials – Materials Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore – 560012
- India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koupahi H, Honarmand Jahromy S, Rahbar M. Evaluation of Different Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods for Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 11:370-376. [PMID: 28855929 PMCID: PMC5563935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been emerged as a nosocomial and community acquired pathogen worldwide. There are many challenges for laboratory detection of MRSA. The aim of this study was to compare different phenotypic methods with PCR based method as a gold standard for detection of mecA gene. METHODS A total of 220 clinical isolates of S. aureus which were isolated from various clinical specimens from September 2013 until the June of 2014 in Milad Hospital of Tehran, Iran was subject of our study. Methicillin resistance was determined by oxacillin and cefoxitin disks, oxacillin screen agar and CHROMagar™ MRSA medium. The results of these methods were compared with mecA gene based PCR method as a gold standard method. RESULTS Among 220 isolates from S. aureus, 105 (47.72%) isolates were positive for mecA gene by PCR method. The results of cefoxitin disk diffusion method with 100% sensitivity and specificity was the same as PCR method .CHROMagar™ MRSA medium had 98.13% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Oxacillin disk diffusion and oxacillin screen agar had 95.42% and 97.22% sensitivity respectively. CONCLUSION Result of cefoxitin disk diffusion method with 100% sensitivity and specificity was the same as PCR method for detection mecA gene. Cefoxitin disk diffusion method can be used as an alternative method of PCR for detection of MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Koupahi
- Dept. of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rahbar
- Dept. of Microbiology, Iranian Reference Health Laboratory Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Elsayed MS, Mahmoud El-Bagoury AE, Dawoud MA. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis in cattle and water buffaloes from different farms of Sadat City in Egypt. Vet World 2015; 8:1051-8. [PMID: 27047197 PMCID: PMC4774771 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1051-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and subclinical mastitis and identify virulence factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and two milk samples were collected, 143 from mastitic cattle and buffaloes 94 and 49, respectively, and 59 from apparently healthy cattle and buffaloes 35 and 24, respectively. RESULTS California mastitis test was applied and positive prevalence were 91.48% and 75.51% for cattle and buffalo with clinical mastitis and 37.14% and 45.83% for cattle and buffalo with subclinical mastitis. S. aureus was isolated from clinically mastitic cattle and buffaloes were 39.29% and 50%, respectively. While, from subclinical mastitic cattle and buffaloes were 80% and 72.73%, respectively. Hemolytic activity was assessed for S. aureus isolated from clinically and subclinical mastitic cases with prevalences of 100% and 56.25%, respectively. Thermo nuclease production from clinically and subclinical mastitic cases was 25% and 56.25%, respectively. Simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conducted on S. aureus using 16S rRNA, clumping factor A, Panton valentine leukocidin, coagulase (Coa), alpha-hemolysin and beta-hemolysin those proved existence in 100%, 46.9%, 65.6%, 100%, 34.4%, and 43.75% of the isolates, respectively. While, multiplex PCR is utilized for detection of enterotoxins and proved that 12.5% was positive for enterotoxine Type D. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that simplex and multiplex PCR assays can be used as rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools to detect the presence of S. aureus and characterize its virulence factors that help in detection of severity of infection, distribution and stating preventive and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sabry Elsayed
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Abdallah Dawoud
- Library of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ekrami A, Abbasi Montazeri E, Kaydani GA, Shokoohizadeh L. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci: Prevalence and susceptibility patterns in a burn center in Ahvaz from 2013-2014. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2015; 7:208-13. [PMID: 26697160 PMCID: PMC4685165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) have recognized as the major cause of nosocomial infections that threat the burn patient's life. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of MRSA and MRCoNS and their antibiotic resistance patterns among burn patients in a burn center in Ahvaz, Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 340 clinical specimens: (80%) wound and (20%) blood were obtained from patients in Taleghani burn hospital during February 2013-2014. Staphylococci species identification and antibiogram were performed by standard procedures using disk diffusion method. The Methicillin resistance strains were detected by Etest and PCR using mecA specific primers. RESULTS Out of 30.2% (103) isolates that were recognized as staphylococci, 82 % (84) and 18% (19) were identified as S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) respectively. Resistance to methicillin was detected in 60% and 63% of the S. aureus and CoNS isolates respectively. Seven different antimicrobial resistance patterns observed among methicillin resistant staphylococci. The MRSA and MRCoNS strains showed closed resistance phenotypes. All the methicillin resistant isolates showed a high rate resistance to the other studied antibiotics in comparison to methicilin sensitive isolates. Vancomycin and imipenem showed the greatest effect against methicillin resistant isolates. During 8 years in the studied burn hospital, no significant changes in the methicillin resistance staphylococci frequency were detected. CONCLUSION The presence of multi resistant MRSA and MRCoNS strains is cause of concern in burn hospitals. Vancomycin remains as a drug of choice for methicillin resistance staphylococci infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ekrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, School of Para medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Effat Abbasi Montazeri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholam Abbas Kaydani
- Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, School of Para medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leili Shokoohizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, School of Para medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Corresponding author: Dr. Leili Shokoohizadeh, Tel: 986133738285, Fax: 986133738285, E. mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khamees AA, Abdelbary NM, Elmasry EA, Gohar SF. Incidence of MRSA infection in pneumonia in cancer patients with phenotyping & genotyping study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
22
|
Titécat M, Senneville E, Wallet F, Dezèque H, Migaud H, Courcol RJ, Loïez C. Microbiologic profile of Staphylococci isolated from osteoarticular infections: evolution over ten years. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2015; 16:77-83. [PMID: 25650692 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2013.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococci, especially coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent the most frequent micro-organism associated with osteoarticular infections (OAIs), especially those involving orthopedic devices. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the bacteria mostly responsible for OAIs is therefore crucial information for choosing the appropriate antibiotic regimen administered during the removal procedure until the first results of the conventional culture. METHODS The antibiotic susceptibility profile of staphylococci isolated from OAIs in a referent center for osteoarticular infection was studied over a 10-y period to adapt antibiotic protocols to the ecology. RESULTS From 2002 to 2011, the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and rifampicin decreased (27.9% versus 20.6% and 13% versus 1%, respectively); the resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ) was stable (24% on average), and all the isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides. For CoNS, the resistance to methicillin, rifampicin, and FQ increased (30.4% versus 43.9%, 13% versus 18.5%, and 20.3% versus 34.1%, respectively) over the same period. Resistance of the CoNS to vancomycin was observed in 2011 for the first time (2.3%), and 3.8% were resistant to teicoplanin in 2002 compared with 22% in 2011, with 3.5% resistant to linezolid in 2011. CONCLUSION The sensibility of bacteria over 10 y remained stable, except for CoNS. The increase of the resistances for CoNS led us to exclude teicoplanin from the first-line empiric antibiotic treatment, to avoid linezolid, and to prefer vancomycin or daptomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Titécat
- 1 Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center , Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Visscher A, Supré K, Haesebrouck F, Zadoks RN, Piessens V, Van Coillie E, Piepers S, De Vliegher S. Further evidence for the existence of environmental and host-associated species of coagulase-negative staphylococci in dairy cattle. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:466-74. [PMID: 25008316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are abundantly present in the dairy farm environment and on bovine skin and mucosae. They are also the most prevalent bacteria causing bovine intramammary infections (IMI). Reservoirs and transmission routes of CNS are not yet fully unraveled. The objectives of this study were to explore the distribution of CNS in parlor-related extramammary niches and to compare it to the distributions of CNS causing IMI in those herds. Niches that were targeted in this study were cows' teat apices, milking machine unit liners, and milker's skin or gloves. Each of the three herds had its own CNS microbiota in those niches. The most prevalent species in the parlor-related extramammary niches were Staphylococcus cohnii, S. fleurettii, and S. equorum in the first, second, and third herd, respectively, whereas S. haemolyticus and S. sciuri were found in all herds. S. cohnii and S. fleurettii, as well as S. haemolyticus, which was present in each herd, were also frequently found in milk samples. By contrast, S. chromogenes, S. simulans, and S. xylosus favored the mammary gland, whereas S. equorum was more common in the parlor-associated niches. Within each herd, species distribution was similar between teat apices and milking machine unit liners. In conclusion, some of the extramammary niches related to the milking process might act as infection sources for IMI-causing CNS. This study provides further evidence that the group of CNS species is comprised of environmental, opportunistic and host-adapted species which differ in ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen De Visscher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Scotland, UK; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Veerle Piessens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Coillie
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cherifi S, Byl B, Deplano A, Nagant C, Nonhoff C, Denis O, Hallin M. Genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections and from colonized healthcare workers in a Belgian hospital. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:20. [PMID: 24899534 PMCID: PMC4066695 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-13-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus epidermidis is a pathogen that is frequently encountered in the hospital environment. Healthcare workers (HCWs) can serve as a reservoir for the transmission of S. epidermidis to patients. Methods The aim of this study was to compare and identify differences between S. epidermidis isolated from 20 patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) and from the hands of 42 HCWs in the same hospital in terms of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production, presence of the intercellular adhesion (ica) operon and genetic diversity (pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec typing). Results S. epidermidis isolates that caused CRBSI were resistant to significantly more non-betalactam drugs than were isolates collected from HCWs. Among the 43 mecA positive isolates (26 from HCWs), the most frequent SCCmec type was type IV (44%). The ica operon was significantly more prevalent in CRBSI isolates than in HCWs (P < 0.05). Weak in vitro biofilm production seemed to correlate with the absence of the ica operon regardless of the commensal or pathogenic origin of the isolate. The 62 isolates showed high diversity in their PFGE patterns divided into 37 different types: 19 harbored only by the CRBSI isolates and 6 shared by the clinical and HCW isolates. MLST revealed a total of ten different sequence types (ST). ST2 was limited to CRBSI-specific PFGE types while the “mixed” PFGE types were ST5, ST16, ST88 and ST153. Conclusion One third of CRBSI episodes were due to isolates belonging to PFGE types that were also found on the hands of HCWs, suggesting that HCW serve as a reservoir for oxacillin resistance and transmission to patients. However, S. epidermidis ST2, mecA-positive and icaA-positive isolates, which caused the majority of clinically severe CRBSI, were not recovered from the HCW’s hands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Cherifi
- Infection Control Unit, Brugmann University Hospital, 4 Place Van Gehuchten, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun Z, Peng Y, Zhang M, Wang K, Bai J, Li X, Ning B, Gao Z. Simultaneous and highly sensitive detection of six different foodborne pathogens by high-throughput suspension array technology. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
Klaschik S, Lehmann LE, Steinhagen F, Book M, Molitor E, Hoeft A, Stueber F. Differentiation between Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species by real-time PCR including detection of methicillin resistants in comparison to conventional microbiology testing. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:122-8. [PMID: 24796889 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus has long been recognized as a major pathogen. Methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant strains of S. epidermidis (MRSE) are among the most prevalent multiresistant pathogens worldwide, frequently causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections. METHODS In the present pilot study, we tested a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to quickly differentiate Staphylococci and identify the mecA gene in a clinical setting. RESULTS Compared to the conventional microbiology testing the real-time PCR assay had a higher detection rate for both S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS; 55 vs. 32 for S. aureus and 63 vs. 24 for CoNS). Hands-on time preparing DNA, carrying out the PCR, and evaluating results was less than 5 h. CONCLUSIONS The assay is largely automated, easy to adapt, and has been shown to be rapid and reliable. Fast detection and differentiation of S. aureus, CoNS, and the mecA gene by means of this real-time PCR protocol may help expedite therapeutic decision-making and enable earlier adequate antibiotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Klaschik
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Riedweg-Moreno K, Wallet F, Blazejewski C, Goffard A. Successful management of Panton-Valentine leukocidine-positive necrotising pneumonia and A/H1N12009 influenzavirus coinfection in adult. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-201120. [PMID: 24436283 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a case of community-acquired necrotising pneumonia due to Panton-Valentine leukocidine-positive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and A/H1N12009 influenzavirus co-infection in a 26-year-old woman. Despite the presence of pejorative prognostic factors, the clinical course of the patient was favourable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karena Riedweg-Moreno
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oosthuysen WF, Orth H, Lombard CJ, Sinha B, Wasserman E. Population structure analyses of Staphylococcus aureus at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa, reveals a diverse population, a high prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes, and unique local methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 20:652-9. [PMID: 24206111 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies reporting on the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in South Africa have focused only on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study describes the population structure of S. aureus, including methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolated from patients at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Western Cape province. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), agr typing and SCCmec typing were used to characterize strains. Of 367 non-repetitive S. aureus isolates collected over a period of 1 year, 56 (15.3%) were MRSA. Skin and soft tissue infections were the most frequent source (54.8%), followed by bone and joint (15.3%) and respiratory tract infections (7.7%). For strain typing, PFGE was the most discriminative method, and resulted in 31 pulsotypes (n = 345, 94.0%), as compared with 16 spa clonal complexes (CCs) (n = 344, 93.4%). Four MLST CCs were identified after eBURST of sequence types (STs) of selected isolates. One hundred and sixty isolates (MSSA, n = 155, 42.2%) were PVL-positive, and agr types I-IV and SCCmec types I-V were identified. Our S. aureus population consisted of genotypically diverse strains, with PVL being a common characteristic of MSSA. MSSA and MRSA isolates clustered in different clones. However, the dominant MRSA clone (ST612) also contained an MSSA isolate, and had a unique genotype. Common global epidemic MRSA clones, such as ST239-MRSA-III and ST36-MRSA-II, were identified. A local clone, ST612-MRSA-IV, was found to be the dominant MRSA clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W F Oosthuysen
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yurdakul P, Ocal HY, Gulmez D, Yalcin E, Dogru D, Cinel G, Özcelik U, Kiper N, Sener B. Predominance of hospital-associated MRSA among cystic fibrosis patients in a Turkish reference cystic fibrosis centre. J Chemother 2013; 24:195-200. [PMID: 23040682 DOI: 10.1179/1973947812y.0000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Yurdakul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hu J, Ma XX, Tian Y, Pang L, Cui LZ, Shang H. Reduced vancomycin susceptibility found in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Northeast China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73300. [PMID: 24069184 PMCID: PMC3772004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strains of Staphylococcus aureus with an intermediate level of resistance to vancomycin (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, or VISA) or which contain subpopulations of mixed susceptibility (heterogeneous VISA, or hVISA) have been reported worldwide. However, the prevalence of VISA and hVISA infections in Northeast China is unknown. From 2007 through 2010, we surveyed the vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA, respectively) clinical isolates in Northeast China. Methods S. aureus clinical isolates (369 MRSA and 388 MSSA) were screened for hVISA and VISA on brain heart infusion agar containing 3 μg/mL vancomycin, and their identity confirmed using a modified population analysis profile-area under the curve method and broth microdilution. All hVISA and VISA isolates were characterized genotypically and phenotypically. Results Ten percent and 0.5 percent of the isolates were hVISA and VISA, respectively. The proportion of hVISA among MSSA isolates for the entire study period was 4.1%, but increased significantly year-by-year, from 1.2% in 2007 to 7.2% in 2010. The predominant sources of hVISA and VISA isolates were sputum (56.3%), pus (18.8%), and blood (8.8%). Molecular typing of hVISA and VISA strains revealed that, taken together, 80% contained the accessory gene regulator (agr) group II, and of these, 85.7% of the MR-hVISA and MR-VISA strains were staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type II. The adherence ability of all hVISA and VISA strains was reduced compared with that of vancomycin-susceptible strains, shown by biofilm assay. Conclusions The percentage of hVISA strains was high and increased each year. The proportion of hVISA among MSSA specifically also increased significantly each year. In isolates collected from diverse infection sites, hVISA and VISA strains were found predominantly in sputum, pus, and blood, in descending order. Testing for vancomycin susceptibility should include both MRSA and MSSA isolates collected from different clinical sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yixing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xue Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Pang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhu Cui
- Research Center for Anti-infectious Drugs, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hong Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Al-Talib H, Yean CY, Al-Khateeb A, Hasan H, Ravichandran M. Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a newly developed dry reagent-based polymerase chain reaction assay. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2013; 47:484-90. [PMID: 23927820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen responsible for significant numbers of nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. Molecular diagnosis for MRSA nasal carriers is increasingly important for rapid detection and screening of MRSA colonization because the conventional methods are time consuming and labor intensive. However, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests still require cold-chain storage as well as trained personnel, which makes them unsuitable for rapid high-throughput analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a thermostabilized PCR assay for MRSA in a ready-to-use form that requires no cold chain. METHODS The thermostabilized PCR assay detects the following targets simultaneously: (1) 16S rRNA of the Staphylococcus genus; (2) femA gene specific for S. aureus; (3) mecA gene conferring methicillin resistance; and (4) lukS gene, which encodes the virulent toxin. The thermostabilized PCR incorporates an internal amplification control that helps to verify the presence of PCR inhibitors in samples. PCR reagents and specific primers were lyophilized into a pellet form with an enzyme stabilizer. RESULTS The PCR was validated with 235 nasal swabs specimens and was found to be 100% sensitive and specific. The stability of the thermostabilized PCR was evaluated using the Q10 method and it was found to be stable for approximately 6 months at 24 °C. The limit of detection of thermostabilized PCR assay was determined by probit regression (95% confidence interval) was 10(6) colony forming units at the bacterial cell level and 10 ng of DNA at the genomic DNA level, which is comparable with conventional PCR methods. CONCLUSION A rapid thermostabilized PCR assay that requires minimal pipetting steps and is cold chain-free was developed for detecting MRSA nasal carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassanain Al-Talib
- Laboratory Medical Science Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Alyaa Al-Khateeb
- Medical Sciences Cluster, Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Hasan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cheng H, Yuan W, Zeng F, Hu Q, Shang W, Tang D, Xue W, Fu J, Liu J, Liu N, Zhu J, Yang J, Hu Z, Yuan J, Zhang X, Li S, Chen Z, Hu X, Rao X. Molecular and phenotypic evidence for the spread of three major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones associated with two characteristic antimicrobial resistance profiles in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2453-7. [PMID: 23766485 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones is dynamic and geographically unique. To understand the changing epidemiology of MRSA infections in China, we performed a prospective, multicity surveillance study with molecular typing and phenotypic analysis to determine the association of major prevalent clones with their antimicrobial resistance profiles. METHODS A total of 517 S. aureus isolates collected between January 2009 and March 2012 from six cities in China were subjected to antibiogram analysis and molecular typing, including staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, multilocus sequence typing, staphylococcal protein A gene typing and PFGE typing. RESULTS Among the isolates collected, 309 were characterized as MRSA, with a prevalence of 59.8%. Three major clones were found to be prevalent in China: ST239-MRSA-III-t030, ST239-MRSA-III-t037 and ST5-MRSA-II-t002. These three clones were associated with two characteristic resistance profiles, namely, gentamicin/ciprofloxacin/rifampicin/levofloxacin for the first clone and gentamicin/ciprofloxacin/clindamycin/erythromycin/tetracycline/levofloxacin/trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for the latter two. Several geographically unique minor clones were also identified. CONCLUSIONS The predominant MRSA clones in China were associated with characteristic antimicrobial resistance profiles. Antibiotics for treating patients with MRSA infections can be selected based on the strain typing data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liesse Iyamba JM, Seil M, Nagant C, Dulanto S, Deplano A, El Khattabi C, Takaisi Kikuni NB, Dehaye JP. Inhibition by EGTA of the formation of a biofilm by clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:700-10. [PMID: 23712617 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of EGTA on the adhesion and on the formation of a biofilm by two reference and eight clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus was studied. All the clinical strains were isolated from patients from Kinshasa. Spa typing confirmed that these clinical strains were distinct. The Biofilm Ring Test (BFRT®) showed that EGTA (100 µM-10 mM) inhibited the adhesion of the four clinical methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains and the crystal violet staining method that it inhibited the formation of a biofilm by all the strains. Divalent cations abolished the effect of EGTA on the formation of a biofilm, specially in the clinical MRSA strains. EGTA had no effect on established biofilms. Only concentrations of EGTA higher than 10 mM were toxic to eukaryotic cells. Our results establish the effectiveness and the safety of lock solutions with EGTA to prevent the formation in vitro of biofilms by S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Liesse Iyamba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique et Médicale et de Microbiologie Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratoire de Microbiologie Expérimentale et Pharmaceutique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gücükoğlu A, Çadirci Ö, Terzi G, Kevenk TO, Alişarli M. Determination of Enterotoxigenic and Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Ice Cream. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M738-41. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gücükoğlu
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ondokuz Mayıs Univ.; Kurupelit/Samsun; Turkey
| | - Özgür Çadirci
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ondokuz Mayıs Univ.; Kurupelit/Samsun; Turkey
| | - Göknur Terzi
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ondokuz Mayıs Univ.; Kurupelit/Samsun; Turkey
| | - T. Onur Kevenk
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ondokuz Mayıs Univ.; Kurupelit/Samsun; Turkey
| | - Mustafa Alişarli
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Technology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ondokuz Mayıs Univ.; Kurupelit/Samsun; Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Comparative epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from patients with catheter-related bacteremia and from healthy volunteers. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1541-7. [PMID: 23486718 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03378-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major cause of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Recent studies suggested the existence of well-adapted, highly resistant, hospital-associated S. epidermidis clones. The molecular epidemiology of S. epidermidis in Belgian hospitals and the Belgian community has not been explored yet. We compared a set of 33 S. epidermidis isolates causing CRBSI in hospitalized patients with a set of 33 commensal S. epidermidis isolates. The factors analyzed included resistance to antibiotics and genetic diversity as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and SCCmec typing. Additionally, the presence of virulence-associated mobile genetic elements, the ica operon and the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), was assessed and compared against clinical data. CRBSI S. epidermidis isolates were significantly resistant to more antibiotics than commensal S. epidermidis isolates. The two populations studied were very diverse and genetically distinct as only 23% of the 37 PFGE types observed were harbored by both CRBSI and commensal isolates. ACME was found in 76% of S. epidermidis strains, regardless of their origin, while the ica operon was significantly more prevalent in CRBSI isolates than in commensal isolates (P < 0.05). Nine patients presented a clinically severe CRBSI, eight cases of which were due to an ica-positive multiresistant isolate belonging to sequence type 2 (ST2) or ST54. S. epidermidis isolates causing CRBSI were more resistant and more often ica positive than commensal S. epidermidis isolates, which were genetically heterogeneous and susceptible to the majority of antibiotics tested. Clinically severe CRBSIs were due to isolates belonging to two closely related MLST types, ST2 and ST54.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vitko NP, Richardson AR. Laboratory maintenance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2013; Chapter 9:Unit 9C.2. [PMID: 23408135 PMCID: PMC4070006 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc09c02s28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial pathogen in the hospital and community settings, especially Staphylococcus aureus clones that exhibit methicillin-resistance (MRSA). Many strains of S. aureus are utilized in the laboratory, underscoring the genetic differences inherent in clinical isolates. S. aureus grows quickly at 37°C with aeration in rich media (e.g., BHI) and exhibits a preference for glycolytic carbon sources. Furthermore, S. aureus has a gold pigmentation, exhibits β-hemolysis, and is catalase and coagulase positive. The four basic laboratory protocols presented in this unit describe how to culture S. aureus on liquid and solid media, how to identify S. aureus strains as methicillin resistant, and how to generate a freezer stock of S. aureus for long-term storage.
Collapse
|
37
|
Prevalence of community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in skin and soft tissue infections among cases from Puducherry, India. J Public Health (Oxf) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-012-0507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
38
|
Gücükoğlu A, Onur Kevenk T, Uyanik T, Çadirci Ö, Terzi G, Alişarli M. Detection of EnterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusin Raw Milk and Dairy Products by Multiplex PCR. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M620-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Xu B, Liu L, Liu L, Li X, Li X, Wang X. A multiplex PCR assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and simultaneous discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M638-42. [PMID: 23106158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern, which had been detected in food and food production animals. Conventional testing for detection of MRSA takes 3 to 5 d to yield complete information of the organism and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern. So, a rapid method is needed to diagnose and treat the MRSA infections. The present study focused on the development of a multiplex PCR assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of MRSA. The assay simultaneously detected 4 genes, namely, 16S rRNA of the Staphylococcus genus, femA of S. aureus, mecA that encodes methicillin resistance, and one internal control. It was rapid and yielded results within 4 h. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex PCR assay was evaluated by comparing it with the conventional method. The analytical sensitivity of the multiplex PCR assay at the DNA level was 10 ng DNA. The analytical specificity was evaluated with 10 reference staphylococci strains and was 100%. The diagnostic evaluation of MRSA was carried out using 360 foodborne staphylococci isolates, and showed 99.1% of specificity, 96.4% of sensitivity, 97.5% of positive predictive value, and 97.3% of negative predictive value compared to the conventional method. The inclusion of an internal control in the multiplex PCR assay is important to exclude false-negative cases. This test can be used as an effective diagnostic and surveillance tool to investigate the spread and emergence of MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Koop G, De Visscher A, Collar CA, Bacon DAC, Maga EA, Murray JD, Supré K, De Vliegher S, Haesebrouck F, Rowe JD, Nielen M, van Werven T. Short communication: Identification of coagulase-negative staphylococcus species from goat milk with the API Staph identification test and with transfer RNA-intergenic spacer PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:7200-5. [PMID: 23040022 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most commonly isolated bacteria from goat milk, but they have often been identified with phenotypic methods, which may have resulted in misclassification. The aims of this paper were to assess the amount of misclassification of a phenotypic test for identifying CNS species from goat milk compared with transfer RNA intergenic spacer PCR (tDNA-PCR) followed by capillary electrophoresis, and to apply the tDNA-PCR technique on different capillary electrophoresis equipment. Milk samples were collected from 416 does in 5 Californian dairy goat herds on 3 occasions during lactation. In total, 219 CNS isolates were identified at the species level with tDNA-PCR and subjected to the API 20 Staph identification test kit (API Staph; bioMérieux, Durham, NC). If the same species was isolated multiple times from the same udder gland, only the first isolate was used for further analyses, resulting in 115 unique CNS isolates. According to the tDNA-PCR test, the most prevalent CNS species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus caprae, and Staphylococcus simulans. Typeability with API staph was low (72%). Although the API Staph test was capable of identifying the majority of Staph. epidermidis and Staph. caprae isolates, sensitivity for identification of Staph. simulans was low. The true positive fraction was high for the 3 most prevalent species. It was concluded that the overall performance of API Staph in differentiating CNS species from goat milk was moderate to low, mainly because of the low typeability, and that genotypic methods such as tDNA-PCR are preferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Koop
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bhutia KO, Singh TS, Biswas S, Adhikari L. Evaluation of phenotypic with genotypic methods for species identification and detection of methicillin resistant in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2012; 2:84-91. [PMID: 23776818 PMCID: PMC3678700 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic methods for the detection of methicillin resistance are inadequate, due to presence of hetero-resistant population and dependence of environmental factors that may affect the phenotypic expression of resistance. AIMS Present study was conducted, to evaluate the efficacy of phenotypic methods for the identification of species and mec-A mediated resistance in S. aureus with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to assess the prevalence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) toxin in methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and overall S.aureus population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 200 clinical isolates of Staphylococci were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic methods for the species identification and detection of MRSA. RESULTS The specificity and sensitivity of conventional methods in the detection of S.aureus, was found to be 100 and 97.59% respectively. However, the performance of phenotypic methods in the detection of MRSA were: Oxacillin disc diffusion (DD)-sensitivity 70.58%, specificity 75.75%; cefoxitin DD-sensitivity 86.27%, specificity 83.33%; and oxacillin agar dilution-sensitivity 92.15%, specificity 90.90%. PVL gene was detected in all mec-A positive isolates irrespective of their types. CONCLUSION Phenotypic methods still preferred for the species identification, but for the reliable detection of MRSA an algorithm should include a combination of tests and apply a genotypic method for confirmation of resistance isolates showing discrepant results. Considering the high prevalence of PVL-MRSA, we recommend PCR as assay, as it has an advantage of simultaneous detection of mec-A and pvl genes by multiplex PCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunsang O Bhutia
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5 Mile, Tadong, East Sikkim, India
| | - T Shantikumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5 Mile, Tadong, East Sikkim, India
| | - Shilpie Biswas
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genetix Biotech Asia (P) Ltd, 71/1, First Floor, Shivaji Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Luna Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, 5 Mile, Tadong, East Sikkim, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Giarola LB, Dos Santos RR, Tognim MCB, Borelli SD, Bedendo J. Carriage frequency, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dialysis and kidney tranplant patients at a hosptial in northern paraná. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:923-30. [PMID: 24031908 PMCID: PMC3768901 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among dialysis and kidney transplant patients, to identify the antimicrobial resistance profile of these strains and to verify their genetic profiles with the RW3A primer. The study included 159 individuals, comprising 111 dialysis and 48 kidney transplant patients. Of the 48 transplant patients, 75% were positive for S. aureus, whereas 49% of the 111 dialysis patients were carriers. Two samples yielded conflicting results for oxacillin sensitivity between the disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays: both were sensitive by the disk diffusion assay and resistant by MIC (4 μg/ml). In the antibiogram by disk diffusion, ten samples were resistant to cefoxitin, among which eight were also resistant to oxacillin. The resistance of the ten samples to cefoxitin by the disk diffusion assay was confirmed by MIC. Of the ten oxacillin-resistant samples, eight harbored the mecA gene. All samples were sensitive to vancomycin, and most were resistant to penicillin and demonstrated high rates of resistance to the other antimicrobials tested. The samples from dialysis patients exhibited a more homogenous genetic profile. Among the samples with a high percent similarity, no correlation with sensitivity or resistance to oxacillin was observed. According to the results of this study, the implementation of prevention and control measures, such as increased restrictions on prescriptions for antimicrobial drugs and nasal decontamination prior to high-risk procedures, is recommended.
Collapse
|
43
|
Can HY, Çelik TH. Detection of enterotoxigenic and antimicrobial resistant S. aureus in Turkish cheeses. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Detection of stapylococcal enterotoxin, methicillin-resistant and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cows and ewes with subclinical mastitis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:369-75. [PMID: 22160510 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most prevalent mastitis pathogens. However, virulence characteristics of CNS have not been well determined. The presence of genes for enterotoxins (sea-sej), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), the exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and mecA of CNS species isolated from cows and ewes with subclinical mastitis was investigated in this study. A total of 121 CNS (81 cows, 40 ewes) representing 18 different Staphylococci species were examined by PCR, and 38.1% (33 cows and 13 ewes) of CNS isolates had one or more se genes. The difference between percentages for SE toxin genes of CNS strains isolated from cows (40.7%) and ewes (32.5%) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05; χ(2) = 0.380). It was found that S. simulans isolates had the highest prevalent se genes. Furthermore, the most common SE gene types was seh-sej. In this study, none of the isolates harbored the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene (tsst) and the exfoliative toxin genes (eta, etb). Five cow (6.17%) and three ewe CNS (7.5%) isolates had mecA gene. Three cow (3.7%) and two ewe CNS (5.0%) isolates had pvl gene. In conclusion, the present study showed that CNS species isolated from cows and ewes could serve as potential reservoir of se, mecA, and pvl genes.
Collapse
|
45
|
Panton-Valentine leukocidin and some exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of staphylococci isolated from milks of small ruminants. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:573-9. [PMID: 21800213 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the existence of pvl gene, some toxin genes, and mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from sheep milk and to examine antimicrobial resistance profiles in staphylococci from sheep and goats' milk. The milk samples were collected from 13 different small ruminant farms in Kirikkale province from February to August 2009. A total of 1,604 half-udder milk samples from 857 ewes and 66 half-udder milk samples from 33 goats were collected. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated and identified from the samples. Toxin genes and mecA gene among S. aureus strains were determined by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci was examined by the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar, and interpreted according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The prevalence of subclinical intramammary infection in both ewes and goats was 5.2%. The most prevalent subclinical mastitis agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus with prevalences 2.8% (n:46) and 1.3% (n = 21), respectively. The prevalence of resistances in isolated Staphylococcus spp. to penicilin G, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and enrofloxacin were found as 26.9% (18), 7.5% (5), 6.0% (4), 3.0% (2), and 1.5% (1), respectively. Only 3 of the 21 S. aureus ewe isolates (13.4%) were shown to harbor enterotoxin genes being either seh, sej or sec. However, fourteen (66.6%) of the 21 S. aureus isolates had pvl gene while none of the isolates harbored mecA gene. In conclusion, Staphylococci were shown to be the most prevalent bacteria isolated from subclinical mastitis of ewes and goats and these isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics. In addition, S. aureus strains isolated from ewes were harboring few staphylococcal enterotoxin genes. However, Panton-Valentine leukocidin produced by S. aureus could be an important virulence factor and contribute to subclinical mastitis pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Turutoglu H, Hasoksuz M, Ozturk D, Yildirim M, Sagnak S. Methicillin and aminoglycoside resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis and sequence analysis of their mecA genes. Vet Res Commun 2011; 33:945-56. [PMID: 19685276 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were generally isolated from human beings; these agents were recently isolated from various animal species. It has been shown that MRSA isolates are not only resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, but can also be resistant to the other commonly used antibiotics. In this study, 18 phenotypic methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis cases were analyzed by PCR for the presence of mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance and aac (6′)/aph(2″), aph(3′)-IIIa and ant(4′)-Ia genes encoding aminoglycoside resistance. Out of 18 S. aureus isolates (oxacillin MICs, ≥4 μg/ml), 3 were positive for mecA gene. Only one from 3 mecA positive isolates was positive for genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and this isolate carried aac(6′)/aph(2″) in combination with aph(3′)-IIIa gene. The aph(3′)-IIIa gene was detected in 3 isolates. These three isolates carrying the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes were resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin and neomycin. The mecA gene of 3 MRSA isolates was sequenced. All three mecA genes of these isolates were identical to that found in human MRSA strains, except a one-base substitution at nucleotide position 757. From the data presented in this study, it can be concluded that MRSA isolated from bovine mastitis may be originated from human beings, but further studies are needed to investigate the possibility of zoonotic transfer of MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Turutoglu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Molecular Detection and Identification of Methicillin‐Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555816834.ch29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
48
|
Capsular serotype and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Malaysia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19547. [PMID: 21603602 PMCID: PMC3095606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major causative agent of severe infections, including sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media, that has since become a major public health concern. In this study, the serotypes distribution of pneumococcal isolates was investigated to predict the efficacy of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) among the Malaysian populations. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 151 clinical isolates were serotyped using multiplex PCR assays. Out of them, there were 21.2% penicillin-resistant, 29.1% penicillin-intermediate, and 49.7% penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae strains. Serotypes detected among the Malaysian isolates were 1, 3, 10A, 11A/11D, 12F/12A, 14, 15A, 15B/15C, 16F, 18C/18B/18A/18F, 19A, 19F, 23F, 35B, 35F/47F, 6A/6B, 7C/7B/40, 7F/7A, 9V/9A, and 34. Serotype 19F and 23F were the two most prevalent serotypes detected. Serotypes are highly associated with invasiveness of isolates (p = 0.001) and penicillin susceptibility (p<0.001). Serotype 19F was observed to have increased resistance against penicillin while serotype 19A has high invasive tendency. Age of patients was an important factor underlying the pneumococcal serotypes (p = 0.03) and clinical sites of infections (p<0.001). High prevalence of pneumococcal isolates were detected among children <5 years old at nasopharyngeal sites while elderly adults ≥60 years old were at increased risk for pneumococcal bacteremia. Conclusion/Significance Current study revealed that a number of serotypes, especially those associated with high penicillin resistance, have been formulated in the PCV7. Therefore, the protections expected from the routine use of PCV7 would be encouraging for the Malaysian. However, it is not possible to predict serotypes that might become predominant in the future and hence continued surveillance of circulating serotypes will be needed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Crivellaro S, Leone I, Bianco O, Savoia D. Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Torino (northwest Italy). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 69:250-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
50
|
Kristóf K, Kocsis E, Szabó D, Kardos S, Cser V, Nagy K, Hermann P, Rozgonyi F. Significance of methicillin–teicoplanin resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in bloodstream infections in patients of the Semmelweis University hospitals in Hungary. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:691-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-1142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|