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Cai Y, Gao W, Wang P, Zhang G, Wang X, Jiang L, Zeng J, Wang Y, Wu Z, Li Y. Comparative proteome analysis revealed the differences in response to both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis infection of bovine alveolar macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1266884. [PMID: 38029268 PMCID: PMC10646506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1266884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), attributed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is one of the most serious zoonotic diseases worldwide. Nevertheless, the host mechanisms preferentially leveraged by Mycobacterium remain unclear. After infection, both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium bovis (MB) bacteria exhibit intimate interactions with host alveolar macrophages; however, the specific mechanisms underlying these macrophage responses remain ambiguous. In our study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) infected with MTB or MB to elucidate the differential responses of BAMs to each pathogen at the protein level. Our findings revealed heightened TB infection susceptibility of BAMs that had been previously infected with MTB or MB. Moreover, we observed that both types of mycobacteria triggered significant changes in BAM energy metabolism. A variety of proteins and signalling pathways associated with autophagy and inflammation-related progression were highly activated in BAMs following MB infection. Additionally, proteins linked to energy metabolism were highly expressed in BAMs following MTB infection. In summary, we propose that BAMs may resist MTB and MB infections via different mechanisms. Our findings provide critical insights into TB pathogenesis, unveiling potential biomarkers to facilitate more effective TB treatment strategies. Additionally, our data lend support to the hypothesis that MTB may be transmitted via cross-species infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Weifeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Reference Lab, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Gao W, Cai Y, Zhang G, Wang X, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y. Lipidomics revealed the global lipid responses of primary bovine alveolar macrophages to infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 104:108407. [PMID: 34924313 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis (MTB) and M. bovis (MB) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are the causative agents of the notorious infectious disease tuberculosis (TB) in a range of mammals, including bovine and human. The lipid composition of MTB/MB performed imperative function as invading host macrophage. However, the detailed variations in lipid compositions of MTB and MB were unknown, while the responses relevant to lipid metabolisms in MTB/MB-infected host were also unclear. In the present study, a dual-Lipidomics were used to elucidate the differences in lipid composition of MTB and MB and responses in lipid metabolisms of primary bovine alveolar macrophages infected by MTB/MB. The Lipidomics showed significant differences in lipid composition, especially differences in levels of Glycerophospholipids, Sterol Lipids, Fatty Acyls and Polyketides between these two mycobacterium species. Meanwhile, both MTB and MB could invoke various responses of lipid metabolisms in host macrophages. An infection of MTB mainly induced the increases of Polyketides and Glycerophospholipids in macrophages, whereas an MB infection induced the increases of Glycerophospholipids and Sterol. Furthermore, TAG 13:0-18:5-18:5 of MTB and PC (16:1(9E)/0:0), PI(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), 4, 6-Decadiyn-1-ol isovalerate and LacCer (d18:1/24:1(15Z)) of MB were identified to cause variations in lipid metabolisms of macrophages, respectively. From these data, we proposed that the differential compositions of lipid compositions in MTB and MB could successfully colonize in macrophage by different mechanisms. MTB could promote the formation of foam cells of macrophage for its colonization and development, while MB mainly suppresses the macrophage autophagy to escape the immune responses of host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Macedo Couto R, Ranzani OT, Waldman EA. Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Humans: Control, Surveillance, and the One Health Approach. Epidemiol Rev 2020; 41:130-144. [PMID: 32294188 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic tuberculosis is a reemerging infectious disease in high-income countries and a neglected one in low- and middle-income countries. Despite major advances in its control as a result of milk pasteurization, its global burden is unknown, especially due the lack of surveillance data. Additionally, very little is known about control strategies. The purpose of this review was to contextualize the current knowledge about the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis and to describe the available evidence regarding surveillance and control strategies in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. We conducted this review enriched by a One Health perspective, encompassing its inherent multifaceted characteristics. We found that the burden of zoonotic tuberculosis is likely to be underreported worldwide, with higher incidence in low-income countries, where the surveillance systems are even more fragile. Together with the lack of specific political commitment, surveillance data is affected by lack of a case definition and limitations of diagnostic methods. Control measures were dependent on risk factors and varied greatly between countries. This review supports the claim that a One Health approach is the most valuable concept to build capable surveillance systems, resulting in effective control measures. The disease characteristics and suggestions to implement surveillance and control programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Macedo Couto
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otavio T Ranzani
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Alves Waldman
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fieweger RA, Wilburn KM, VanderVen BC. Comparing the Metabolic Capabilities of Bacteria in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E177. [PMID: 31216777 PMCID: PMC6617402 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7060177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria are known for their ability to maintain persistent infections in various mammals. The canonical pathogen in this genus is Mycobacterium tuberculosis and this bacterium is particularly successful at surviving and replicating within macrophages. Here, we will highlight the metabolic processes that M. tuberculosis employs during infection in macrophages and compare these findings with what is understood for other pathogens in the M. tuberculosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Fieweger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Kaley M Wilburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Brian C VanderVen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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Brites D, Loiseau C, Menardo F, Borrell S, Boniotti MB, Warren R, Dippenaar A, Parsons SDC, Beisel C, Behr MA, Fyfe JA, Coscolla M, Gagneux S. A New Phylogenetic Framework for the Animal-Adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2820. [PMID: 30538680 PMCID: PMC6277475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) affects humans and other animals and is caused by bacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Previous studies have shown that there are at least nine members of the MTBC infecting animals other than humans; these have also been referred to as ecotypes. However, the ecology and the evolution of these animal-adapted MTBC ecotypes are poorly understood. Here we screened 12,886 publicly available MTBC genomes and newly sequenced 17 animal-adapted MTBC strains, gathering a total of 529 genomes of animal-adapted MTBC strains. Phylogenomic and comparative analyses confirm that the animal-adapted MTBC members are paraphyletic with some members more closely related to the human-adapted Mycobacterium africanum Lineage 6 than to other animal-adapted strains. Furthermore, we identified four main animal-adapted MTBC clades that might correspond to four main host shifts; two of these clades are hypothesized to reflect independent cattle domestication events. Contrary to what would be expected from an obligate pathogen, MTBC nucleotide diversity was not positively correlated with host phylogenetic distances, suggesting that host tropism in the animal-adapted MTBC seems to be driven by contact rates and demographic aspects of the host population rather by than host relatedness. By combining phylogenomics with ecological data, we propose an evolutionary scenario in which the ancestor of Lineage 6 and all animal-adapted MTBC ecotypes was a generalist pathogen that subsequently adapted to different host species. This study provides a new phylogenetic framework to better understand the evolution of the different ecotypes of the MTBC and guide future work aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Brites
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Loiseau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Menardo
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Borrell
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna: Centro Nazionale di Referenza per la Tubercolosi Bovina, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robin Warren
- SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anzaan Dippenaar
- SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sven David Charles Parsons
- SAMRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel A Behr
- McGill International TB Centre, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Janet A Fyfe
- Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Victoria Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mireia Coscolla
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastien Gagneux
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes and predominant clones among the multidrug-resistant isolates in Spain 1998-2005. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:117-126. [PMID: 28789982 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is gradually decreasing in Spain, there is an increase in the proportion of foreign-born cases. This changing scenario is slowly shifting the local TB epidemiology from endemic to imported cases with an increased risk for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. MDR/XDR strains from Spain (n=366 MTBC isolates, 1 strain per patient) isolated between 1998 and 2005 were retained for this retrospective analysis. All strains were analyzed by spoligotyping, while 12-loci MIRU-VNTR data were available for 106 isolates from 2003 to 2005. Demographic, phylogenetic, and epidemiologic analyses using anonymized data were collected and analyzed using the SITVIT2 database. Our study provides with a first snapshot of genetic diversity of MDR/XDR-TB in several autonomous regions of Spain. It highlights significantly more of SIT1/Beijing and SIT66/BOV MDR isolates (5.7% and 7.38% respectively) and increasingly more foreign-born cases from Eastern Europe. Future studies should focus on shared genotypes between Spanish and foreign-born patients to decipher the modes of transmission and risk factors involved, and decipher the proportion of imported cases of active disease versus cases of reactivation of latent TB infection among foreign-born individuals.
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Analysing Tuberculosis Cases Among Healthcare Workers to Inform Infection Control Policy and Practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017; 38:976-982. [DOI: 10.1017/ice.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVETo determine the number and proportion of healthcare worker (HCW) tuberculosis (TB) cases infected while working in healthcare institutions in the Netherlands and to learn from circumstances that led to these infections.DESIGNCohort analysis.METHODSWe included all HCW TB patients reported to the Netherlands TB Register from 2000 to 2015. Using data from this register, including DNA fingerprints of the bacteria profile and additional information from public health clinics, HCW TB cases were classified into 4 categories: (1) infected during work in the Netherlands, (2) infected in the community, (3) infected outside the Netherlands, or (4) outside these 3 categories. An in-depth analysis of category 1 cases was performed to identify factors contributing to patient-to-HCW transmission.RESULTSIn total, 131 HCW TB cases were identified: 32 cases (24%) in category 1; 13 cases (10%) in category 2; 42 cases (32%) in category 3; and 44 cases (34%) in category 4. The annual number of HCW TB cases (P<.05), the proportion among reported cases (P<.01), and the number of category 1 HCW TB cases (P=.12) all declined over the study period. Delayed diagnosis in a TB patient was the predominant underlying factor of nosocomial transmission in 47% of category 1 HCW TB patients, most of whom were subsequently identified in a contact investigation. Performing high-risk procedures was the main contributing factor in the other 53% of cases.CONCLUSIONIn low-incidence countries, every HCW TB case should warrant timely and thorough investigation to help further define and fine-tune the HCW screening policy and to monitor its proper implementation.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:976–982
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In-depth analysis of the genome sequence of a clinical, extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis strain. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 100:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vazquez-Chacon CA, Martínez-Guarneros A, Couvin D, González-y-Merchand JA, Rivera-Gutierrez S, Escobar-Gutierrez A, De-la-Cruz López JJ, Gomez-Bustamante A, Gonzalez-Macal GA, Gonçalves Rossi LM, Muñiz-Salazar R, Rastogi N, Vaughan G. Human multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis infection in Mexico. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:802-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Güner MD, Bektaş U, Akmeşe R, Kamburoğlu HO, Armangil M, Ay Ş. Wrist Tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium bovis Infection: Case Series and Review of the Literature. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2015; 2:e262. [PMID: 25587496 PMCID: PMC4292244 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Tuberculosis infections are still one of the most important public health problems among developing countries. Musculoskeletal involvement represents 10-15% of all extrapulmonary cases. Tuberculosis tenosynovitis is usually misdiagnosed as nonspecific tenosynovitis. To avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment, it is important to be alert for mycobacterial infections. This article presents 3 patients with wrist tenosynovitis, which was caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection. The article also includes review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Derviş Güner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Hand Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; and Department of Hand Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Bektaş
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Hand Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; and Department of Hand Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Akmeşe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Hand Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; and Department of Hand Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Onuralp Kamburoğlu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Hand Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; and Department of Hand Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Armangil
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Hand Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; and Department of Hand Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şadan Ay
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Hand Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; and Department of Hand Surgery, Medicana International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Biofilm formation by Mycobacterium bovis: influence of surface kind and temperatures of sanitizer treatments on biofilm control. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:210165. [PMID: 24991540 PMCID: PMC4058659 DOI: 10.1155/2014/210165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis causes classic bovine tuberculosis, a zoonosis which is still a concern in Africa. Biofilm forming ability of two Mycobacterium bovis strains was assessed on coupons of cement, ceramic, or stainless steel in three different microbiological media at 37°C with agitation for 2, 3, or 4 weeks to determine the medium that promotes biofilm. Biofilm mass accumulated on coupons was treated with 2 sanitizers (sanitizer A (5.5 mg L−1 active iodine) and sanitizer B (170.6 g1 alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, 78 g−1 didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, 107.25 g L−1 glutaraldehyde, 146.25 g L−1 isopropanol, and 20 g L−1 pine oil) at 28 and 45°C and in hot water at 85°C for 5 min. Residual biofilms on treated coupons were quantified using crystal violet binding assay. The two strains had a similar ability to form biofilms on the three surfaces. More biofilms were developed in media containing 5% liver extract. Biofilm mass increased as incubation time increased till the 3rd week. More biofilms were formed on cement than on ceramic and stainless steel surfaces. Treatment with hot water at 85°C reduced biofilm mass, however, sanitizing treatments at 45°C removed more biofilms than at 28°C. However, neither treatment completely eliminated the biofilms. The choice of processing surface and temperatures used for sanitizing treatments had an impact on biofilm formation and its removal from solid surfaces.
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Mycobacterium bovis infection in a young Dutch adult: transmission from an elderly human source? Med Microbiol Immunol 2012; 201:397-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-012-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Marianelli C, Cifani N, Capucchio MT, Fiasconaro M, Russo M, La Mancusa F, Pasquali P, Di Marco V. A case of generalized bovine tuberculosis in a sheep. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:445-8. [PMID: 20453224 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report describes a rare case of generalized bovine-type tuberculosis in a slaughtered 4-year-old ewe discovered during routine surveillance at an abattoir. A postmortem examination revealed lesions in the ewe's thoracic and abdominal cavities, ranging from encapsulated, mineralized foci to extensive, soft, caseous tissue. Lesions in the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes were consistent with mycobacterial infection. A histopathological examination detected granulomatous lesions in all tissue samples. The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genome was confirmed through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of tissues, using IS6110 primers, followed by a nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR products. Acid-fast bacteria, characterized as Mycobacterium bovis, were isolated from lesions following 38 days of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Marianelli
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Bilal S, Iqbal M, Murphy P, Power J. Human bovine tuberculosis - remains in the differential. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:1379-1382. [PMID: 20688950 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.020511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is a pathogen of cattle. The unpasteurized milk of affected cattle is a source of infection in humans. Despite the screening of cattle and the pasteurization of milk, M bovis has not been eradicated. A high index of clinical suspicion is needed in symptomatic patients with a history of possible exposure. At risk groups include animal workers, farmers, meat packers, vets and zoo keepers. Humans are usually infected by the aerosol route. We present two cases of human bovine tuberculosis. One was a presumptive case and the second was a confirmed case. Both responded well to antituberculous therapy. In the confirmed case, there was evidence of transmission to the partner living in the same house. Rifampicin prophylaxis was given to the exposed case. The M. bovis from the confirmed case was isoniazid resistant, in addition to having the well known resistance to pyrazinamide. Isoniazid resistance has been described before in those who are immunocompromised. We describe it in an immunocompetent patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaukat Bilal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Naas General Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Philip Murphy
- Department of Microbiology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Joan Power
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Naas General Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Kildare, Ireland
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15
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Iwnetu R, van den Hombergh J, Woldeamanuel Y, Asfaw M, Gebrekirstos C, Negussie Y, Bekele T, Ashenafi S, Seyoum B, Melaku K, Yamuah L, Tilahun H, Tadesse Z, Aseffa A. Is tuberculous lymphadenitis over-diagnosed in Ethiopia? Comparative performance of diagnostic tests for mycobacterial lymphadenitis in a high-burden country. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 41:462-8. [PMID: 19382003 DOI: 10.1080/00365540902897697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethiopia reports the third highest number of extrapulmonary TB cases globally, most of which are lymph node TB (TBLN). We investigated the performance of the available diagnostic tests for TBLN. Fine needle aspirate (FNA) and excision biopsy samples from affected lymph nodes were collected from 150 consenting patients with suspected TBLN visiting regional hospitals in Ethiopia. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of histopathology against culture as reference was 92%, 88%, 97% and 77% and of FNA cytology (FNAC) 76%, 88%, 100% and 55%, respectively. Naked eye examination of FNA had 67% sensitivity and 64% specificity. HIV coinfection did not diminish the performance of macroscopic examination, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, histology or cytology examinations. When any positive result in ZN, histopathology or culture was considered confirmatory, clinical diagnosis could be confirmed in 85% of the patients, suggesting that TBLN is over-diagnosed in up to 15% of cases. With combined criteria as reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of FNAC was 72%, 100%, 100% and 55%, respectively. FNAC is a practical tool that can improve the diagnosis of TBLN in high-burden settings. Over-diagnosis alone cannot explain the high burden of LNTB in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Iwnetu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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16
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Primary tooth abscess caused by Mycobacterium bovis in an immunocompetent child. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:1143-5. [PMID: 20437277 PMCID: PMC2908448 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease, and although its incidence has dramatically decreased in developed countries where effective control measures are applied, it still remains a potential health hazard in the developing world. Tuberculosis of the oral cavity is extremely rare and is usually secondary to pulmonary involvement. We present the unusual case of an immunocompetent 6-year-old child residing in an urban area with primary oral tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, which was confirmed by the application of a molecular genetic approach. M. bovis belongs to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex which comprises species with close genetic relationship, and for this reason, the use of new molecular techniques is a useful tool for the differentiation at species level of the closely related members of this complex.
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17
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Sun AH, Fan XL, Li LW, Wang LF, Ans WY, Yan J. Rapid detection of rpoB gene mutations in rif-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates by oligonucleotide microarray. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2009; 22:253-258. [PMID: 19725469 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(09)60053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the specific mutations in rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by oligonucleotide microarray. METHODS Four wild-type and 8 mutant probes were used to detect rifampin resistant strains. Target DNA of M. tuberculosis was amplified by PCR, hybridized and scanned. Direct sequencing was performed to verify the results of oligonucleotide microarray. RESULTS Of the 102 rifampin-resistant strains 98 (96.1%) had mutations in the rpoB genes. CONCLUSION Oligonucleotide microarray with mutation-specific probes is a reliable and useful tool for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in Two Representative Multidrug-Resistant
Mycobacterium bovis
Isolates Collected from Patients in a Spanish Hospital Harboring a Human Infection Outbreak. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:826-7. [DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00193-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Romero B, Aranaz A, Bezos J, Alvarez J, de Juan L, Tariq Javed M, Mateos A, Gómez-Mampaso E, Domínguez L. Drug susceptibility of Spanish Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from animals. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:565-71. [PMID: 17900988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae are zoonotic bacteria that cause tuberculosis with several clinical manifestations. We have evaluated the susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs of a panel of Spanish isolates of animal origin. The analysis of the sequence of the main genes involved in resistance was performed in 41 M. bovis and five M. caprae. The katG, inhA, rpsL, embB and gyrA genes had single nucleotide polymorphisms, not previously described in other organisms of the complex. Thirty-two M. bovis and three M. caprae isolates were tested for susceptibility to isoniazid (INH), rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol, and ofloxacin using the standard proportion method. The results revealed that the isolates were sensitive to the five drugs. However, interference caused by sodium pyruvate in the INH test was detected: 94.3% grew at 0.2 microg INH/ml and 68.6% grew at 1 microg INH/ml. In the medium without pyruvate, 34.3% of the isolates did not grow whereas growth of the others was poor and slow. Nine M. bovis isolates were also tested by ESP Culture System II test and were sensitive to INH. The susceptibility of M. bovis to INH cannot be reliably determined using the standard proportion method due to the M. bovis growth requirements and the interference of pyruvate with INH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Romero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Etter E, Donado P, Jori F, Caron A, Goutard F, Roger F. Risk analysis and bovine tuberculosis, a re-emerging zoonosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1081:61-73. [PMID: 17135495 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1373.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread of immunodeficiency with AIDS, the consequence of poverty on sanitary protection and information at both individual and state levels lead control of tuberculosis (TB) to be one of the priorities of World Health Organization programs. The impact of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) on humans is poorly documented. However, BTB remains a major problem for livestock in developing countries particularly in Africa and wildlife is responsible for the failure of TB eradication programs. In Africa, the consumption of raw milk and raw meat, and the development of bushmeat consumption as a cheap source of proteins, represent one of the principal routes for human contaminations with BTB. The exploration of these different pathways using tools as participatory epidemiology allows the risk analysis of the impact of BTB on human health in Africa. This analysis represents a management support and decision tool in the study and the control of zoonotic BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Etter
- CIRAD, EMVT Department, Epidemiology and Ecology Unit, 34098 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles O Thoen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Philip A LoBue
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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22
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Romero B, Aranaz A, de Juan L, Alvarez J, Bezos J, Mateos A, Gómez-Mampaso E, Domínguez L. Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis isolates with the same spoligotyping profile as isolates from animals. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3405-8. [PMID: 16954286 PMCID: PMC1594710 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00730-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR-based characterization techniques have been adopted in most laboratories for Mycobacterium bovis typing. We report a molecular characterization of human multidrug-resistant M. bovis isolates and three bovine isolates that share the spoligotyping profile. The analysis of the direct repeat region showed that both groups differed in the presence of spacers not included in the current membrane. They were also distinguished by two out of the nine mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable-number tandem repeat loci tested, indicating that the human infection was not acquired from the cattle from which isolates were obtained. These results highlight that a combination of techniques is required for appropriate discrimination, even for those spoligotypes that have a low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Romero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Lari N, Rindi L, Bonanni D, Tortoli E, Garzelli C. Molecular analysis of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium bovis recovered from humans in Italy. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:4218-21. [PMID: 16988015 PMCID: PMC1698360 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01216-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve a better knowledge of Mycobacterium bovis epidemiology in Italy, 42 clinical isolates from humans were genotyped. Predominant molecular patterns were found in one cluster of 15 isolates sharing spoligotype (ST482), variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR), and IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (one 1.9-kb band) profiles and in two clusters of 6 and 3 Mycobacterium bovis BCG isolates differing by one VNTR character. The remaining 18 isolates yielded unique profiles. Our results confirm the potential utility of spoligotyping and VNTR typing as a major typing system of M. bovis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Lari
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Infettivologia ed Epidemiologia, Via San Zeno, 35/39 - I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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24
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Singh JP, Verma R, Chaudhuri P. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in India. J Vet Sci 2006; 7:181-7. [PMID: 16645345 PMCID: PMC3242112 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2006.7.2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for typing Indian strains of M. tuberculosis was investigated. M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis DT and 42 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were subjected to RAPD-PCR using 7 random decamer primers. All 7 primers were found to be differentiated and produced specific RAPD profiles. The polymorphic amplicons served as RAPD markers for M. tuberculosis. The dendrograms, obtained by different primers, showed the discriminatory ability of the primers. RAPD analysis provided a rapid and easy means of identifying polymorphism in M. tuberculosis isolates, and it was found to be a valuable alternative epidemiological tool. In addition, the results of the present study showed heterogeneity in the M. tuberculosis strains in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Singh
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, U.P., India
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25
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Park H, Song EJ, Song ES, Lee EY, Kim CM, Jeong SH, Shin JH, Jeong J, Kim S, Park YK, Bai GH, Chang CL. Comparison of a conventional antimicrobial susceptibility assay to an oligonucleotide chip system for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1619-24. [PMID: 16672384 PMCID: PMC1479202 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.5.1619-1624.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An oligonucleotide chip (Combichip Mycobacteria chip) detecting specific mutations in the rpoB, katG, and inhA genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was compared with conventional antimicrobial susceptibility results. The probes detecting drug resistance were as follows: 7 wild-type and 13 mutant probes for rifampin and 2 wild-type and 3 mutant probes for isoniazid. Target DNA of M. tuberculosis was amplified by PCR, followed by hybridization and scanning. Direct sequencing was performed to verify the results of the oligonucleotide chip. One-hundred seven of 115 rifampin-resistant strains (93%) had mutations in the rpoB gene. Eighty-five of 119 isoniazid-resistant strains (71%) had mutations in the katG gene or inhA gene. The diagnostic oligonucleotide chip with mutation-specific probes is a reliable and useful tool for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of resistance against rifampin and isoniazid in M. tuberculosis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Park
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, GeneIn Co., Ltd., Busan, Korea
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26
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Huard RC, Fabre M, de Haas P, Lazzarini LCO, van Soolingen D, Cousins D, Ho JL. Novel genetic polymorphisms that further delineate the phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:4271-87. [PMID: 16740934 PMCID: PMC1482959 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01783-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous report, we described a PCR protocol for the differentiation of the various species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) on the basis of genomic deletions (R. C. Huard, L. C. de Oliveira Lazzarini, W. R. Butler, D. van Soolingen, and J. L. Ho, J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:1637-1650, 2003). That report also provided a broad cross-comparison of several previously identified, phylogenetically relevant, long-sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (LSPs and SNPs, respectively). In the present companion report, we expand upon the previous work (i) by continuing the evaluation of known MTC phylogenetic markers in a larger collection of tubercle bacilli (n = 125), (ii) by evaluating additional recently reported MTC species-specific and interspecific polymorphisms, and (iii) by describing the identification and distribution of a number of novel LSPs and SNPs. Notably, new genomic deletions were found in various Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, new species-specific SNPs were identified for "Mycobacterium canettii," Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium pinnipedii, and, for the first time, intraspecific single-nucleotide DNA differences were discovered for the dassie bacillus, the oryx bacillus, and the two Mycobacterium africanum subtype I variants. Surprisingly, coincident polymorphisms linked one M. africanum subtype I genotype with the dassie bacillus and M. microti with M. pinnipedii, thereby suggesting closer evolutionary ties within each pair of species than had been previously thought. Overall, the presented data add to the genetic definitions of several MTC organisms as well as fine-tune current models for the evolutionary history of the MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Huard
- Division of International Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Room A-421, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY 10021, USA
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27
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David S, Portugal C, Antunes A, Calado A, Cardoso A, Barros V, Sancho L, de Sousa JG. Spoligotyping and pncA polymorphism: a two step scenario for Mycobacterium bovis diagnosis in Portugal. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2006; 11:533-56. [PMID: 16505940 DOI: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis is important in the control of transmission to the human population and also for treatment since M. bovis is naturally resistant to pyrazinamide. Eleven clinical isolates from the Fernando Fonseca Hospital with Spoligotypes indicative of M. bovis, through the absence of spacers 39-43 but that also counted with the absence of spacer 38, were analyzed. For the identification of these strains, the phenotypic analysis of pyrazinamide resistance and study of the polymorphisms of the pncA and gyrB genes were carried out. The study of the pncA polymorphism revealed that the strains analyzed did not contain the M. bovis specific mutation. In relation the gyrB polymorphisms, using the GenoTypeO MTBC kit, the strains were identified as belonging to the group M. tuberculosis, M. africanum subtipo II e M. canetti. The present investigation enabled us to define new genotypes on which future bacteriological studies should be based. Amongst these the study of the pncA polymorphism was considered important due to the immediate practical implications for the clinician. Evaluating transmission and defining groups of risk is an objective for which support from the veterinary services is considered relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana David
- Lisboa/Microbacteriology Teaching and Research Unit, Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Institute/ Nova University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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28
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Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis and closely associated acid-fast bacilli cause disease in humans. Epidemiologic investigations reveal that the organism may be ingested or inhaled. Extra pulmonary lesions may occur associated to the consumption of infected milk, even though with the practice of boiling milk, and the growth of milk pasteurization plants all over the world, the digestive route of infection became less important. On the other hand, airborne infection continues to occur among meat industry and slaughterhouse workers, in regions where the infection is still prevalent in cattle. Evidence of person to person transmission is rare. Main causes of concern related to M. bovis in industrialized countries are: epizootics in domesticated and wild mammals and latent infection in immigrants. Although multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of M. bovis have been identified, case reports reveal that anti-tuberculosis drugs routinely used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected patients are effective when properly administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Thoen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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29
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Bakshi CS, Shah DH, Verma R, Singh RK, Malik M. Rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on a 12.7-kb fragment by a single tube multiplex-PCR. Vet Microbiol 2005; 109:211-6. [PMID: 16005166 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was the design and validation of a rapid and easy single tube multiplex-PCR (m-PCR) assay for the unequivocal differential detection of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Oligonucleotide primers were based on the uninterrupted 229-bp sequence in the M. bovis genome and a unique 12.7-kb insertion sequence from the M. tuberculosis genome, which is responsible for species-specific genomic polymorphism between these two closely related pathogens. The m-PCR assay was optimized and validated using 22 M. bovis and 36 M. tuberculosis clinical strains isolated from diverse host species and 9 other non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) strains. The designed primers invariably amplified a unique 168-bp (M. bovis-specific) and 337-bp (M. tuberculosis-specific) amplicon from M. bovis and M. tuberculosis strains, respectively. The accuracy of the assay, in terms of specificity, was 100%, as none of the NTM strains tested revealed any amplification product. As little as 20 pg of genomic DNA could be detected, justifying the sensitivity of the method. The m-PCR assay is an extremely useful, simple, reliable and rapid method for routine differential identification of cultures of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. This m-PCR may be a valuable diagnostic tool in areas of endemicity, where bovine and human tuberculosis coexist, and the distinction of M. bovis from M. tuberculosis is required for monitoring the spread of M. bovis to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Bakshi
- National Biotechnology Center, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
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30
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Esteban J, Robles P, Soledad Jiménez M, Fernández Guerrero ML. Pleuropulmonary infections caused by Mycobacterium bovis: a re-emerging disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:840-3. [PMID: 16153260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Between 1980 and 2003, 13 patients (0.95% of all cases of tuberculosis) at a 600-bed university hospital in Madrid, Spain, were diagnosed with Mycobacterium bovis infection. All 13 cases occurred between 1994 and 1999; the mean age of the patients was 50 years (range 23-83 years), and 77% were males. Four (30%) patients were also positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most frequent localisation of the disease was the lung (ten patients; 77%). Seven patients, including four HIV-positive patients who died, had multidrug-resistant M. bovis infection. No other patient died, including two HIV-negative patients with multidrug-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Esteban
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Bigi F, Gioffré A, Klepp L, Santangelo MP, Velicovsky CA, Giambartolomei GH, Fossati CA, Romano MI, Mendum T, McFadden JJ, Cataldi A. Mutation in the P36 gene of Mycobacterium bovis provokes attenuation of the bacillus in a mouse model. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2005; 85:221-6. [PMID: 15922669 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
P36 is a member of a family of secreted proteins distributed throughout the genus Mycobacterium. The central domain of these proteins contains several amino acid PGLTS repeats, which differ considerably between species. P36, also called exported repetitive protein (Erp) in M. tuberculosis, has been shown to be associated with virulence since the disruption of its gene impaired multiplication of both virulent M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG in cultured macrophages and immunocompetent mice. In order to demonstrate that P36 is a putative virulence factor of wild-type Mycobacterium bovis we generated a P36 mutant by gene disruption and we evaluated its replication in spleen and lungs of infected mice. In this study, the mutant strain displays low levels of multiplication in mice, indicating that the P36 gene is important for in vivo growth of M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bigi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICV-INTA, De los Reseros y De las Cabañas, 1712, Castelar, Argentina.
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32
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Samper S, Iglesias MJ, Rabanaque MJ, Gómez LI, Lafoz MC, Jiménez MS, Ortega A, Lezcano MA, Van Soolingen D, Martín C. Systematic molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from Spain. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1220-7. [PMID: 15750087 PMCID: PMC1081258 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.3.1220-1227.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used spoligotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the IS6110-insertion sequence to study the molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in Spain. We analyzed 180 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates collected between January 1998 and December 2000. Consecutive isolates from the same patients (n = 23) always had identical genotypes, meaning that no cases of reinfection occurred. A total of 105 isolates (58.3%) had unique RFLP patterns, whereas 75 isolates (41.7%) were in 20 different RFLP clusters. Characterization of the katG and rpoB genes showed that 14 strains included in the RFLP clusters did not actually cluster. Only 33.8% of the strains isolated were suggestive of MDR transmission, a frequency lower than that for susceptible strains in Spain (46.6%). We found that the Beijing/W genotype, which is prevalent worldwide, was significantly associated with immigrants. The 22 isolates in the largest cluster corresponded to the Mycobacterium bovis strain responsible for two nosocomial MDR outbreaks in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Samper
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, C/ Isabel la Católica 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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33
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Parreiras PM, Lobato FCF, Alencar AP, Figueiredo TD, Gomes HM, Boéchat N, Lage AP, Assis RA, Pereira MAS, Souza PR, Mota PMPC, Suffys PN. Drug susceptibility of Brazilian strains of Mycobacterium bovis using traditional and molecular techniques. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:749-52. [PMID: 15654433 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from cattle to humans has been reported and can cause tuberculosis (Tb) and a problem in certain risk populations. Therefore, knowledge of resistance of M. bovis towards antibiotics used for therapy of human Tb could help avoiding cure delay and treatment cost increase when dealing with drug resistant organisms. We therefore evaluated the susceptibility of M. bovis isolates towards streptomycin, isoniazide, rifampicin, ethambutol, and ethionamide, the first line antibiotics for human Tb. Therefore, 185 clinical samples from cattle with clinical signs of tuberculosis were processed and submitted to culturing and bacterial isolates to identification and drug susceptibility testing using the proportion method. Among 89 mycobacterial strains, 65 were identified as M. bovis and none were resistant to any of the antibiotics used. Confirmation of present results by future studies, enrolling a large number of isolates and designed to properly represent Brazilian regions, may favor the idea of using isoniazide preventive therapy as part of a Tb control strategy in special situations. Also, nucleic acids from bacterial isolates were submitted to rifoligotyping, a recently described reverse hybridization assay for detection of mutations causing resistance towards rifampicin. Concordance between the conventional and the molecular test was 100%, demonstrating the use of such methodology for rapid evaluation of drug susceptibility in M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Parreiras
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Blázquez J. Hypermutation as a Factor Contributing to the Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:1201-9. [PMID: 14557965 DOI: 10.1086/378810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2003] [Accepted: 07/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to what was thought previously, bacteria seem to be, not merely spectators to their own evolution, but, through a variety of mechanisms, able to increase the rate at which mutations occur and, consequently, to increase their chances of becoming resistant to antibiotics. Laboratory studies and mathematical models suggest that, under stressful conditions, such as antibiotic challenge, selective pressure favors mutator strains of bacteria over nonmutator strains. These hypermutable strains have been found in natural bacterial populations at higher frequencies than expected. The presence of mutator strains in the clinical setting may indicate an enhanced risk of acquiring antibiotic resistance through mutational and recombinational events. In addition, some antibiotics are inducers of mechanisms that transiently increase the mutation rate, and thus probably act, not only as mere selectors of antibiotic resistant clones, but also as resistance-promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Blázquez
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Campus Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Kubica T, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Niemann S. Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae caused one-third of human M. bovis-associated tuberculosis cases reported in Germany between 1999 and 2001. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:3070-7. [PMID: 12843046 PMCID: PMC165304 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.7.3070-3077.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae and M. bovis subsp. bovis among German tuberculosis cases caused by the bovine tubercle bacillus from 1999 to 2001 was determined. Isolates from 166 patients living in Germany and 10 animals were analyzed by conventional laboratory procedures, spoligotyping, and partly by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the gyrB gene. By spoligotyping, 55 of 176 isolates (31%) could be identified as M. bovis subsp. caprae, and 121 (69%) were confirmed as M. bovis subsp. bovis. In general, a low variability of spoligotypes with 59 distinct patterns and a cluster rate of 77% (136 isolates/19 clusters) was determined. About half of all isolates were grouped in the three main clusters with 29, 30, and 35 isolates, respectively. Differences in age and gender between the patient groups infected with M. bovis subsp. bovis and M. bovis subsp. caprae did not reach statistical significance. However, marked differences in the geographical prevalence of M. bovis subsp. caprae were observed, ranging from fewer than 10% of all M. bovis isolates in the north up to more than 80% of isolates in the south of Germany. In conclusion, M. bovis subsp. caprae accounts for a high ratio of human M. bovis-associated tuberculosis cases in Germany and was more frequently found in the southern part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kubica
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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36
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Martínez JL, Baquero F. Interactions among strategies associated with bacterial infection: pathogenicity, epidemicity, and antibiotic resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15:647-79. [PMID: 12364374 PMCID: PMC126860 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.15.4.647-679.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of human populations. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that this problem should disappear. However, bacteria have been able to evolve to become antibiotic resistant. Nowadays, a proficient pathogen must be virulent, epidemic, and resistant to antibiotics. Analysis of the interplay among these features of bacterial populations is needed to predict the future of infectious diseases. In this regard, we have reviewed the genetic linkage of antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence in the same genetic determinants as well as the cross talk between antibiotic resistance and virulence regulatory circuits with the aim of understanding the effect of acquisition of resistance on bacterial virulence. We also discuss the possibility that antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence might prevail as linked phenotypes in the future. The novel situation brought about by the worldwide use of antibiotics is undoubtedly changing bacterial populations. These changes might alter the properties of not only bacterial pathogens, but also the normal host microbiota. The evolutionary consequences of the release of antibiotics into the environment are largely unknown, but most probably restoration of the microbiota from the preantibiotic era is beyond our current abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología. Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
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37
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Gómez Mampaso E. [The microbiology laboratory and tuberculosis]. Rev Clin Esp 2002; 202:16-9. [PMID: 11940428 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2565(02)70973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Gómez Mampaso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Sechi LA, Zanetti S, Sanguinetti M, Molicotti P, Romano L, Leori G, Delogu G, Boccia S, La Sorda M, Fadda G. Molecular basis of rifampin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated in Sardinia, Italy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1645-8. [PMID: 11353606 PMCID: PMC90526 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.6.1645-1648.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen of 22 (68%) Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle in Sardinia were found to be resistant to rifampin and isoniazid. Analysis of the rpoB and the katG, oxyR-ahpC, and inhA gene regions of these strains was performed in order to investigate the molecular basis of rifampin and isoniazid resistance, respectively. The most frequent mutation, encountered in 6 of 10 strains (60%), was in the rpoB gene; it occurred, at codon position 521 and resulted in leucine changed to proline. This suggests that codon 521 may be important for the development of rifampin resistance in M. bovis. Resistance to isoniazid is associated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a variety of mutations affecting one or more genes. Our results confirm the difficulty of interpreting the sequence variations observed in clinical strains of M. bovis. M. bovis strains isolated from the same geographic area showed similar mutations within the genes responsible for rifampin and isoniazid resistance. Our results represent the first study to elucidate the molecular genetic basis of drug resistance in M. bovis isolated from cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Sechi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione Microbiologia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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39
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Tudó G, González J, Gatell JM, Caylà JA, Martínez E, García A, Navarro M, Soriano E, Jiménez de Anta MT. Detection of unsuspected cases of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis by use of a molecular typing method. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:453-9. [PMID: 11462179 DOI: 10.1086/322734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2000] [Revised: 12/28/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect unsuspected cases of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis (TB) among patients who had been admitted to a university hospital. One hundred fifty-one samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients with pulmonary TB were studied. The isolates from 37 patients (24.5%) defined 11 clusters. None of the patients infected with these cluster isolates had hospital stays that coincided with one another, and for 5.4% of the patients, the epidemiological link was clearly outside the hospital. Previous incarceration was associated with infection with cluster isolates. In addition, 109 patients without TB (41 of whom were infected with human immunodeficiency virus) who shared a room with patients who had TB were followed for 18-60 months. Among the patients who survived, secondary cases of TB due to nosocomial transmission were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tudó
- Servei de Microbiologia, Institut Clínic d'Infeccions i Immunologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villaroel 170, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Casabona NM, Caylà JA. [Is it necessary to add a fourth drug to the initial treatment of tuberculosis?]. Med Clin (Barc) 2001; 116:638. [PMID: 11412656 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(01)71931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Van Soolingen D. Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections: main methodologies and achievements. J Intern Med 2001; 249:1-26. [PMID: 11168781 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, DNA fingerprint techniques have become available to study the interperson transmission of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. These methods have facilitated epidemiological studies at a population level. In addition, the species identification of rarely encountered mycobacteria has improved significantly. This article describes the state of the art of the main molecular typing methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-M. tuberculosis complex (atypical) mycobacteria. Important new insights that have been gained through molecular techniques into epidemiological aspects and diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases are highlighted.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Contact Tracing
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Genetics, Microbial/trends
- Genotype
- Humans
- Molecular Epidemiology/methods
- Mycobacterium/classification
- Mycobacterium/genetics
- Mycobacterium/isolation & purification
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/genetics
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/transmission
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/genetics
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Transformation, Bacterial
- Tuberculosis/epidemiology
- Tuberculosis/genetics
- Tuberculosis/transmission
- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Van Soolingen
- Mycobacteria Reference Department, Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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42
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Martin-Casabona N, Alcaide F, Coll P, González J, Manterola JM, Salvadó M, Caylà JA. [Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A multicenter study of the Barcelona area. Grupo de Trabajo sobre Resistencias en Tuberculosis]. Med Clin (Barc) 2000; 115:493-8. [PMID: 11386223 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(00)71603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this multicenter study was to establish the level of primary and acquired drug resistance of M. Tuberculosis strains isolated in Barcelona and to identify possible risk groups using clinical data. PATIENTS AND METHODS All tuberculosis patients with isolation and identification of M. tuberculosis strains from October 1995 to September 1997 were included. Susceptibility tests isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin and pyrazinamide were performed using the Bactec 460 system and the proportions method on solid medium. Logistic progression was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The total number of patients included was 1,749 (1,535 non-treated and 214 previously treated). Primary drug resistance was 5.7% (isoniazid 3.8%; rifampin 1.0%, streptomycin 2.1%, ethambutol 0.3% and pyrazinamide 1.0%). Acquired drug resistance was 20.5% (isoniazid 17.3%, rifampin 9.8%, ethambutol 1.9%, streptomycin 4.7% and pyrazinamide 6.5%). Primary drug resistance was associated with people over 60 years old and women. CONCLUSIONS The low level of drug resistance enables antituberculosis treatment of non-treated patients to start with the standardised three-drug regimes except in the case of foreign people from countries with a high level of drug resistance. Susceptibility tests are recommended on all M. tuberculosis strains isolated, together with controlled studies of drug resistance surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martin-Casabona
- Servicio de Microbiologia, Ciutat Sanitària, Universitària Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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van Embden JD, van Gorkom T, Kremer K, Jansen R, van Der Zeijst BA, Schouls LM. Genetic variation and evolutionary origin of the direct repeat locus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:2393-401. [PMID: 10762237 PMCID: PMC111299 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.9.2393-2401.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct repeat region in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains is composed of multiple direct variant repeats (DVRs), each of which is composed of a 36-bp direct repeat (DR) plus a nonrepetitive spacer sequence of similar size. It has been shown previously that clinical isolates show extensive polymorphism in the DR region by the variable presence of DVRs, and this polymorphism has been used in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. In an attempt to better understand the evolutionary scenario leading to polymorphic DR loci and to improve strain differentiation by spoligotyping, we characterized and compared the DNA sequences of the complete DR region and its flanking DNA of M. tuberculosis complex strains. We identified 94 different spacer sequences among 26 M. tuberculosis complex strains. No sequence homology was found between any of these spacers and M. tuberculosis DNA outside of the DR region or with any other known bacterial sequence. Although strains differed extensively in the presence or absence of DVRs, the order of the spacers in the DR locus was found to be well conserved. The data strongly suggest that the polymorphism in clinical isolates is the result of successive deletions of single discrete DVRs or of multiple contiguous DVRs from a primordial DR region containing many more DVRs than seen in present day isolates and that virtually no scrambling of DVRs took place during evolution. Because the majority of the novel spacer sequences identified in this study were confined to isolates of the rare Mycobacterium canettii taxon, the use of the novel spacers in spoligotyping led only to a slight improvement of strain differentiation by spoligotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D van Embden
- Department of Bacteriology of the Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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44
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Soini H, Pan X, Amin A, Graviss EA, Siddiqui A, Musser JM. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in Houston, Texas, by spoligotyping. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:669-76. [PMID: 10655365 PMCID: PMC86172 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.2.669-676.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (n = 1,429) from 1,283 patients collected as part of an ongoing population-based tuberculosis epidemiology study in Houston, Texas, were analyzed by spoligotyping and IS6110 profiling. The isolates were also assigned to one of three major genetic groups on the basis of nucleotide polymorphisms located at codons 463 and 95 in the genes (katG and gyrA) encoding catalase-peroxidase and the A subunit of DNA gyrase, respectively. A total of 225 spoligotypes were identified in the 1,429 isolates. There were 54 spoligotypes identified among 713 isolates (n = 623 patients) assigned to 73 IS6110 clusters. In addition, among 716 isolates (n = 660 patients) with unique IS6110 profiles, 200 spoligotypes were identified. No changes were observed either in the IS6110 profile or in the spoligotype for the 281 isolates collected sequentially from 133 patients. Five instances in which isolates with slightly different spoligotypes had the same IS6110 profile were identified, suggesting that in rare cases isolates with different spoligotypes can be clonally related. Spoligotypes correlated extremely well with major genetic group designations. Only three very similar spoligotypes were shared by isolates from genetic groups 2 and 3, and none was shared by group 1 and group 2 organisms or by group 1 and group 3 organisms. All organisms belonging to genetic groups 2 and 3 failed to hybridize with spacer probes 33 to 36. Taken together, the results support the existence of three distinct genetic groups of M. tuberculosis organisms and provide new information about the relationship between IS6110 profiles, spoligotypes, and major genetic groups of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Soini
- Institute for the Study of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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45
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Escalante P, Ramaswamy S, Sanabria H, Soini H, Pan X, Valiente-Castillo O, Musser JM. Genotypic characterization of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Peru. TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE 2000; 79:111-8. [PMID: 10645449 DOI: 10.1054/tuld.1998.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
SETTING Twenty-nine epidemiological unrelated and mostly multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains from Peruvian patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular genetics of MDR-TB strains recovered in a Latin American country. DESIGN Antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing, major genetic group designation, IS6110 fingerprinting, spoligotyping, and automated deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing of regions of the katG, rpoB, embB, gyrA, and pncA genes with mutations commonly associated with drug resistance. RESULTS Nineteen isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant by susceptibility testing. IS6110 typing showed that virtually all isolates were unique and therefore had independently acquired drug resistance. Seventy-nine percent of isoniazid-resistant strains had a Ser315Thr amino acid change in KatG. Ninety-five percent of rifampin-resistant isolates had amino acid replacements in the rifampin-resistance determining region of RpoB. Six of 11 ethambutol-resistant strains had EmbB alterations. Eleven pyrazinamide-resistant strains had distinct mutations in pncA. CONCLUSION Virtually all organisms evolved drug resistance independently. The types of drug resistance-associated mutations identified were very similar to changes occurring in isolates from other areas of the world. Nucleotide sequence-based strategies for rapid detection of drug resistance-conferring mutants will be applicable to organisms recovered in Peru, and potentially other areas of Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Escalante
- Institute for the Study of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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46
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Zumárraga MJ, Bernardell A, Bastida R, Quse V, Loureiro J, Cataldi A, Bigi F, Alito A, Castro Ramos M, Samper S, Otal I, Martin C, Romano MI. Molecular characterization of mycobacteria isolated from seals. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1999; 145 ( Pt 9):2519-2526. [PMID: 10517604 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-145-9-2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed in 10 seals from three species (Arctocephalus australis, Arctocephalus tropicalis and Otaria flavescens) found in South America. The mycobacteria isolated from these cases belonged to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, as determined by RFLP using an IS6110 probe, spoligotyping, analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and by PCR-restriction analysis of hsp65. Polymorphisms in gyrA, katG, oxyR and pncA were investigated in some of the isolates, as well as the presence of the MPB70 antigen. The insertion sequence IS6110 was present in three to seven copies in the genome of the mycobacteria isolated from seals. Using the IS6110 probe, six patterns (designated A, B, C, D, E and F) were identified from 10 different isolates. Patterns A and B were found for the mycobacteria isolated from two and four seals, respectively, indicating an epidemiological relationship between isolates grouped according to their IS6110 RFLP. The mycobacteria isolated from seals shared the majority of their IS6110 DNA-containing restriction fragments, and nine isolates had an identical spoligotype; only one isolate showed a minor difference in its spoligotype. In addition, none of these spoligotypes were found in other M. tuberculosis complex strains. These results suggest that the isolates from seals constitute a unique group of closely related strains. The mycobacteria isolated from seals showed polymorphisms at gyrA codon 95 and katG codon 463, as do group 1 M. tuberculosis, and M. bovis. Group 1 mycobacteria are associated with cluster cases. The spoligotypes found in the mycobacteria isolated from seals lack spacers 39-43, as does M. bovis, but the MPB70 antigen, which is highly expressed in M. bovis and minimally expressed in M. tuberculosis, was not detected in these mycobacteria. The mycobacteria isolated from seals also showed oxyR and pncA polymorphisms specific to M. tuberculosis. In conclusion, the mycobacteria that cause TB in seals in the South-Western Atlantic are a related group, and based on the combination of genetic characteristics, belong to a unique genotypic group within the M. tuberculosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zumárraga
- Instituto de Biotecnologı́a, CICV/INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina1
| | - A Bernardell
- Departamento de Micobacterias, DILAB SENASA, C. C. 77 Morón (1708), Buenos Aires, Argentina2
| | - R Bastida
- Fundación Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Argentina3
| | - V Quse
- Fundación Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Argentina3
| | - J Loureiro
- Fundación Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Argentina3
| | - A Cataldi
- Instituto de Biotecnologı́a, CICV/INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina1
| | - F Bigi
- Instituto de Biotecnologı́a, CICV/INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina1
| | - A Alito
- Instituto de Biotecnologı́a, CICV/INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina1
| | - M Castro Ramos
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis de la Dirección de Laboratorios Veterinarios (DILAVE) 'Miguel C. Rubino', Montevideo, Uruguay4
| | - S Samper
- Departamento de Microbiologı́a, Salud Pública y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain5
| | - I Otal
- Departamento de Microbiologı́a, Salud Pública y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain5
| | - C Martin
- Departamento de Microbiologı́a, Salud Pública y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain5
| | - M I Romano
- Instituto de Biotecnologı́a, CICV/INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina1
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47
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Long R, Nobert E, Chomyc S, van Embden J, McNamee C, Duran RR, Talbot J, Fanning A. Transcontinental spread of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:2014-7. [PMID: 10351954 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.6.9809076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the proportion of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) caused by drug-resistant strains is increasing. We report the case of a Canadian citizen who acquired a highly drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium bovis while visiting a relative with AIDS-related tuberculosis in Spain. The origin of the strain was traced using spoligotyping, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based fingerprint technology, and the European DNA database. The level of primary drug resistance-all five first-line drugs and 19 of 21 second-line drugs-in this case was unprecedented in Canada. Isolation of this strain from a Canadian citizen represents the first report of its appearance in this hemisphere. The infection was contained and combined medical-surgical treatment delivered.
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MESH Headings
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Canada
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Mycobacterium bovis/physiology
- Radiography, Thoracic
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/complications
- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/surgery
- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/transmission
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/surgery
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/transmission
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Affiliation(s)
- R Long
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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48
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Gutiérrez MC, Galán JC, Blázquez J, Bouvet E, Vincent V. Molecular markers demonstrate that the first described multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis outbreak was due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:971-5. [PMID: 10074511 PMCID: PMC88634 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.4.971-975.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We genetically characterized multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains which caused a nosocomial outbreak of tuberculosis affecting six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and one HIV-negative staff member (E. Bouvet, E. Casalino, G. Mendoza-Sassi, S. Lariven, E. Vallée, M. Pernet, S. Gottot, and F. Vachon, AIDS 7:1453-1460, 1993). The strains showed all the phenotypic characteristics of Mycobacterium bovis. They presented a high copy number of IS6110, the spacers 40 to 43 in the direct repeat locus, and the mtp40 fragment. They lacked the G-A mutation at position 285 in the oxyR gene and the C-G mutation at position 169 in the pncA gene. These genetic characteristics revealed that these were dysgonic, slow-growing M. tuberculosis strains mimicking the M. bovis phenotype, probably as a consequence of cellular alterations associated with the multidrug resistance. Spoligotyping and IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis confirmed that the outbreak was due to a single strain. However, the IS6110 RFLP pattern of the strain isolated from the last patient, diagnosed three years after the index case, differed slightly from the patterns of the other six strains. A model of a possible genetic event is presented to explain this divergence. This study stresses the value of using several independent molecular markers to identify multidrug-resistant tubercle bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gutiérrez
- Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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49
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Sechi LA, Leori G, Lollai SA, Duprè I, Molicotti P, Fadda G, Zanetti S. Different strategies for molecular differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated in Sardinia, Italy. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1781-5. [PMID: 10103282 PMCID: PMC91252 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.4.1781-1785.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different genetic markers were used to analyze 22 Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle in Sardinia and one human isolate. IS6110 DNA fingerprinting differentiated the strains into six patterns, whereas with enterobacterial repetitive consensus sequence primers produced seven clusters. PCR ribotyping followed by digestion with HaeIII and PvuII produced five and seven patterns, respectively. PCR with the (GTG)5 oligonucleotide primer showed the best discriminatory power, generating eight clusters among the strains analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Sechi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Zumárraga MJ, Martin C, Samper S, Alito A, Latini O, Bigi F, Roxo E, Cicuta ME, Errico F, Ramos MC, Cataldi A, van Soolingen D, Romano MI. Usefulness of spoligotyping in molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis-related infections in South America. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:296-303. [PMID: 9889207 PMCID: PMC84290 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.2.296-303.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred twenty-four Mycobacterium bovis isolates, mainly from South American countries, were typed by spoligotyping, and 41 different spoligotypes were identified. A total of 202 M. bovis isolates (90%) were grouped into 19 different clusters. The largest cluster contained 96 isolates (42.8%) on the basis of the most frequently observed spoligotype, spoligotype 34. Nineteen M. bovis isolates from humans in Argentina had spoligotypes and polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence (PGRS) types that represented the most common types found among isolates from cattle. All five isolates from Uruguay and three of the six isolates from Paraguay had spoligotypes that were also detected for isolates from Argentina. The spoligotypes of isolates from Brazil, Costa Rica, and Mexico and of some of the isolates from Paraguay could not be found in Argentina. A total of 154 M. bovis isolates were selected in order to compare the discriminative power of spoligotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with direct repeat (DR) and PGRS probes. By spoligotyping, 31 different types were found, while AluI-digested DR probe-associated RFLP analysis identified 42 types, and RFLP analysis with the PGRS probe also detected 42 types; these were partly independent of the DR types. By combining the results obtained by spoligotyping and by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes, 88 different types were obtained. Although the differentiation of M. bovis by spoligotyping was less discriminatory than differentiation by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes, spoligotyping is easier to perform and its results are easier to interpret. Therefore, for the purpose of typing of M. bovis isolates, spoligotyping could be performed first and the isolates could be grouped into clusters and then analyzed by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zumárraga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias, INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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