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Lamoth F, Kontoyiannis DP. PCR diagnostic platforms for non- Aspergillus mold infections: ready for routine implementation in the clinic? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:273-282. [PMID: 38501431 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2326474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While Aspergillus spp. remain the predominant cause of invasive mold infections, non-Aspergillus molds, such as the Mucorales or Fusarium spp., account for an increasing proportion of cases. The diagnosis of non-Aspergillus invasive mold infections (NAIMI) is challenging because of the low sensitivity and delay of conventional microbiological tests. Therefore, there is a particular interest to develop molecular tools for their early detection in blood or other clinical samples. AREAS COVERED This extensive review of the literature discusses the performance of Mucorales-specific PCR and other genus-specific or broad-range fungal PCR that can be used for the diagnosis of NAIMI in diverse clinical samples, with a focus on novel technologies. EXPERT OPINION PCR currently represents the most promising approach, combining good sensitivity/specificity and ability to detect NAIMI in clinical samples before diagnosis by conventional cultures and histopathology. Several PCR assays have been designed for the detection of Mucorales in particular, but also Fusarium spp. or Scedosporium/Lomentospora spp. Some commercial Mucorales PCRs are now available. While efforts are still needed for standardized protocols and the development of more rapid and simpler techniques, PCR is on the way to becoming an essential test for the early diagnosis of mucormycosis and possibly other NAIMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lamoth
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Lo ML, Thanh TAV, Midot F, Lau SYL, Wong WC, Tung HJ, Jee MS, Chin MY, Melling L. Comparison of Ganoderma boninense Isolate's Aggressiveness Using Infected Oil Palm Seedlings. J Microbiol 2023; 61:449-459. [PMID: 37097587 PMCID: PMC10167175 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Basal stem rot incidence caused by a white-rot fungus, Ganoderma boninense, is the major disease of oil palm in Southeast Asia. The rate of disease transmission and host damage are affected by variations in pathogen aggressiveness. Several other studies have used the disease severity index (DSI) to determine G. boninense aggressiveness levels while verifying disease using a culture-based method, which might not provide accurate results or be feasible in all cases. To differentiate G. boninense aggressiveness, we employed the DSI and vegetative growth measurement of infected oil palm seedlings. Disease confirmation was performed through scanning electron microscopy and molecular identification of fungal DNA from both infected tissue and fungi isolated from Ganoderma selective medium. Two-month-old oil palm seedlings were artificially inoculated with G. boninense isolates (2, 4A, 5A, 5B, and 7A) sampled from Miri (Lambir) and Mukah (Sungai Meris and Sungai Liuk), Sarawak. The isolates were categorized into three groups: highly aggressive (4A and 5B), moderately aggressive (5A and 7A), and less aggressive (2). Isolate 5B was identified as the most aggressive, and it was the only one to result in seedling mortality. Out of the five vegetative growth parameters measured, only the bole size between treatments was not affected. The integration of both conventional and molecular approaches in disease confirmation allows for precise detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lieng Lo
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Tu Anh Vu Thanh
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Frazer Midot
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Yu Ling Lau
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Chee Wong
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hun Jiat Tung
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mui Sie Jee
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Yee Chin
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lulie Melling
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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3
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Molecular diagnosis of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a COVID-19 setting. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1803-1810. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Acosta-España JD, Voigt K. An old confusion: Entomophthoromycosis versus mucormycosis and their main differences. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035100. [PMID: 36406416 PMCID: PMC9670544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases were underestimated for many years. And the global burden of fungal infections is substantial and has increased in recent years. Invasive fungal infections have been linked to several risk factors in humans which basically depend on the individual homeostasis of the patients. However, many fungi can infect even apparently healthy people. Knowledge of these pathogens is critical in reducing or stopping morbidity and/or mortality statistics due to fungal pathogens. Successful therapeutic strategies rely on rapid diagnosis of the causative fungal agent and the underlying disease. However, the terminology of the diseases was updated to existing phylogenetic classifications and led to confusion in the definition of mucormycosis, conidiobolomycosis, and basidiobolomycosis, which were previously grouped under the now-uncommon term zygomycosis. Therefore, the ecological, taxonomic, clinical, and diagnostic differences are addressed to optimize the understanding and definition of these diseases. The term "coenocytic hyphomycosis" is proposed to summarize all fungal infections caused by Mucorales and species of Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime David Acosta-España
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany,Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Kerstin Voigt,
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Zhao H, Nie Y, Zong TK, Wang YJ, Wang M, Dai YC, Liu XY. Species Diversity and Ecological Habitat of Absidia (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales) with Emphasis on Five New Species from Forest and Grassland Soil in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050471. [PMID: 35628728 PMCID: PMC9146633 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although species of Absidia are known to be ubiquitous in soil, animal dung, and insect and plant debris, the species diversity of the genus and their ecological habitats have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, we describe five new species of Absidia from forest and grassland soils in southwestern China, with support provided by phylogenetic, morphological, and physiological evidence. The species diversity and ecological habitat of Absidia are summarized. Currently, 22 species are recorded in China, which mainly occur in soil, especially in tropical and subtropical forests and mountains. An updated key to the species of Absidia in China is also provided herein. This is the first overview of the Absidia ecological habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yong Nie
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China;
| | - Tong-Kai Zong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- College of Plant Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China; (Y.-J.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Mu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China; (Y.-J.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.D.); (X.-Y.L.)
| | - Xiao-Yong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.D.); (X.-Y.L.)
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6
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Azhar A, Khan WH, Khan PA, Al-hosaini K, Owais M, Ahmad A. Mucormycosis and COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical and diagnostic approach. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:466-479. [PMID: 35216920 PMCID: PMC8855610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Dogra S, Arora A, Aggarwal A, Passi G, Sharma A, Singh G, Barnwal RP. Mucormycosis Amid COVID-19 Crisis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Novel Treatment Strategies to Combat the Spread. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794176. [PMID: 35058909 PMCID: PMC8763841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The havoc unleashed by COVID-19 pandemic has paved way for secondary ominous fungal infections like Mucormycosis. It is caused by a class of opportunistic pathogens from the order Mucorales. Fatality rates due to this contagious infection are extremely high. Numerous clinical manifestations result in damage to multiple organs subject to the patient's underlying condition. Lack of a proper detection method and reliable treatment has made the management of this infection troublesome. Several reports studying the behavior pattern of Mucorales inside the host by modulation of its defense mechanisms have helped in understanding the pathogenesis of this angio-invasive infection. Many recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of this fungal infection have not been much beneficial. Therefore, there is a need to foster more viable strategies. This article summarizes current and imminent approaches that could aid effective management of these secondary infections in these times of global pandemic. It is foreseen that the development of newer antifungal drugs, antimicrobial peptides, and nanotechnology-based approaches for drug delivery would help combat this infection and curb its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Dogra
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Arora
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aashni Aggarwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gautam Passi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi P. Barnwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Samson R, Dharne M. COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: evolving technologies for early and rapid diagnosis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:6. [PMID: 34900512 PMCID: PMC8647065 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mucormycosis is a deadly addition to the pandemic spectrum. Although it’s a rare, aggressive, and opportunistic disease, the associated morbidity and mortality are significant. The complex interplay of factors aggravating CAM is uncontrolled diabetes, irrational and excessive use of antibiotics, steroids, and an impaired immune system. Recently, India has been witnessing a rapid surge in the cases of coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis (CAM), since the second wave of COVID-19. The devastating and lethal implications of CAM had now become a matter of global attention. A delayed diagnosis is often associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, the rapid and early diagnosis of infection would be life-saving. Prevention and effective management of mucormycosis depend upon its early and accurate diagnosis followed by a multimodal therapeutic approach. The current review summarizes an array of detection methods and highlights certain evolving technologies for early and rapid diagnosis of CAM. Furthermore, several potential management strategies have also been discussed, which would aid in tackling the neglected yet fatal crisis of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19.
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Zautner AE, Frickmann H, Podbielski A. Risk Assessment for Molds in the Vicinity of a Child Requiring Peritoneal Dialysis Living in a Rural Northern German Area. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112292. [PMID: 34835418 PMCID: PMC8623174 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As well as severe immunosuppression, other predisposing factors may facilitate invasive mycosis caused by molds. Chronic kidney disease and the resulting peritoneal dialysis have been reported as factors putting patients at risk of fungal infections from environmental sources. We describe an environmental investigation undertaken to guide exposure prevention for a peritoneal dialysis patient with transient colonization of her nostrils by Lichtheimia corymbifera in a rural area of northern Germany. Systematic screening for airborne and surface-deposited molds enabled targeted recommendations to be made, although Lichtheimia corymbifera itself was not grown from the collected environmental samples. This communication is intended to illustrate how such an investigation can be performed on the basis of the environmental distribution of the molds and how preventive recommendations can be derived from the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Erich Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-15859
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hospital Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hospital Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
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10
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Liang G, Zhang M, Xu W, Wang X, Zheng H, Mei H, Liu W. Characterization of mitogenomes from four Mucorales species and insights into pathogenicity. Mycoses 2021; 65:45-56. [PMID: 34570921 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucorales, as one major order of Zygomycetes fungi, can infect human beings and cause serious consequence. We have noticed the pathogenicity of Mucorales is closely related to energy metabolism, while mitochondria play the role of energy factories in almost all biological activities. METHODS Virulence of M irregularis, M hiemalis, L corymbifera and R arrhizus were verified in Galleria mellonella larvae, as well as mitochondrial gene copies analysed with RT-qPCR. Mitogenomes of the four Mucorales species were sequenced based on illumina NovaSeq technology to study their characteristic features and functional regions. RESULTS Variant virulence of M irregularis, M hiemalis, L corymbifera and R arrhizu were verified by clinical retrospective data and our G mellonella infection models, also copies of mitochondrial genes indicated the significant associations with pathogenicity. A total of 274.18 clean reads were generated to be assembled; the complete mitogenomes of the four Mucorales species were obtained with totally different length. After the genomes annotated and compared, M irregularis was found more similar with M hiemalis than those of L corymbifera and R arrhizus, especially the small (rrns) and large (rrnl) subunits of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The GC content, ncRNAs and the distribution of the SNPs and InDels were also compared, and the GC content rate of fungi seems to be related to the fungal thermal adaptability. In addition, linear mitogenomes of these four Mucorales showed diverse arrangements of orf genes and directionality of some conserved gene elements. CONCLUSION This study uncovered the pathogenicity variances among the four Mucorales species and the relationship between their mitogenomic features and clinical pathogenicity. Further studies like spatial structure of mitochondrial genomes and the comprehensive analysis of transcription regulation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhao Liang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijie Zhang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Shanghai BIOZERON Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Zheng
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Mei
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jain R, Bhardwaj P, Pandey SS, Kumar S. Arnebia euchroma, a Plant Species of Cold Desert in the Himalayas, Harbors Beneficial Cultivable Endophytes in Roots and Leaves. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:696667. [PMID: 34335527 PMCID: PMC8322769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.696667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic mutualism of plants with microorganisms often leads to several benefits to its host including plant health and survival under extreme environments. Arnebia euchroma is an endangered medicinal plant that grows naturally in extreme cold and arid environments in the Himalayas. The present study was conducted to decipher the cultivable endophytic diversity associated with the leaf and root tissues of A. euchroma. A total of 60 bacteria and 33 fungi including nine yeasts were isolated and characterized at the molecular level. Among these, Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum with the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria (76.67%) and genus Pseudomonas. Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum (72.73%) dominated by class Eurotiales (42.42%) and genus Penicillium among isolated fungal endophytes. Leaf tissues showed a higher richness (Schao1) of both bacterial and fungal communities as compared to root tissues. The abilities of endophytes to display plant growth promotion (PGP) through phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) solubilization and production of ACC deaminase (ACCD), indole acetic acid (IAA), and siderophores were also investigated under in vitro conditions. Of all the endophytes, 21.51% produced ACCD, 89.25% solubilized P, 43.01% solubilized K, 68.82% produced IAA, and 76.34% produced siderophores. Six bacteria and one fungal endophyte displayed all the five PGP traits. The study demonstrated that A. euchroma is a promising source of beneficial endophytes with multiple growth-promoting traits. These endophytes can be used for improving stress tolerance in plants under nutrient-deficient and cold/arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Priyanka Bhardwaj
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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12
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Abbas A, Fu Y, Qu Z, Zhao H, Sun Y, Lin Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Jiang D. Isolation and evaluation of the biocontrol potential of Talaromyces spp. against rice sheath blight guided by soil microbiome. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5946-5961. [PMID: 33989446 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the major disease of rice that seriously threatens food security worldwide. Efficient and eco-friendly biological approaches are urgently needed since no resistant cultivars are available. In this study, fallow and paddy soils were initially subjected to microbiome analyses, and the results showed that Talaromyces spp. were significantly more abundant in the paddy soil, while Trichoderma spp. were more abundant in the fallow soil, suggesting that Talaromyces spp. could live and survive better in the paddy soil. Five Talaromyces isolates, namely, TF-04, TF-03, TF-02, TF-01 and TA-02, were isolated from the paddy soil using sclerotia of R. solani as baits and were further evaluated for their activity against rice sheath blight. These isolates efficiently parasitized the hyphae and rotted the sclerotia even at higher water contents in the sterilized sand and the soil. Isolate TF-04 significantly promoted rice growth, reduced the severity of rice sheath blight and increased the rice yield under outdoor conditions. Defence-related genes were upregulated and enzyme activities were enhanced in rice treated with isolate TF-04. Our research supplies a microbiome-guided approach to screen biological control agents and provides Talaromyces isolates to biologically control rice sheath blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqleem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 441057, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
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13
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Claussen M, Schmidt S. Differentiation of Basidiobolus spp. Isolates: RFLP of a Diagnostic PCR Amplicon Matches Sequence-Based Classification and Growth Temperature Preferences. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:110. [PMID: 33546095 PMCID: PMC7913143 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Basidiobolus, known since 1886, is primarily associated with reptiles and amphibians. Although globally distributed, rare infections caused by members of this genus mainly occur in tropical and subtropical regions. Morphological and physiological characteristics were used in the past for the description of species. However, some of these characteristics vary depending on culture conditions. Therefore, most species names are regarded as synonyms of B. ranarum as the only pathogenic species. Yet, not all environmental isolates are necessarily pathogenic. This study aimed to analyze if environmental Basidiobolus isolates can be distinguished reliably based on morpho-physiological and molecular characteristics. Eleven isolates originally obtained from feces of south African reptiles and one type strain, Basidiobolus microsporus DSM 3120, were examined morpho-physiologically. Sequence analysis of the 18S and partial 28S rRNA gene and restriction analysis of a diagnostic amplicon (restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP) were performed for all 12 strains. Based on the results obtained, morphological features and the 18S rRNA sequence proved insufficient for the reliable differentiation of isolates. However, isolates were distinguishable by growth temperature profiles, which matched isolate clusters established by partial 28S rRNA gene sequence and restriction analysis of a Basidiobolus specific diagnostic PCR amplicon. Our results indicate that RFLP analysis can be used as a fast screening method to identify Basidiobolus isolates with similar physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Claussen
- School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa;
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14
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Nie Y, Cai Y, Gao Y, Yu DS, Wang ZM, Liu XY, Huang B. Three new species of Conidiobolus sensu stricto from plant debris in eastern China. MycoKeys 2020; 73:133-149. [PMID: 33117082 PMCID: PMC7561611 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.73.56905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Conidiobolus Bref. is widely distributed and the Conidiobolus sensu lato contained three other genera, Capillidium, Microconidiobolus and Neoconidiobolus. A molecular phylogeny based on the nuclear large subunit of rDNA (nucLSU), the mitochondrial small subunit of rDNA (mtSSU) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1) revealed three novel species within the clade of Conidiobolus s.s., i.e. C. bifurcatus sp. nov., C. taihushanensis sp. nov. and C. variabilis sp. nov. These three species were isolated from plant debris in eastern China. Morphologically, C. bifurcatus sp. nov. is characterised by its secondary conidiophores often branched at the tip to form two short stipes each bearing a secondary conidium. C. taihushanensis sp. nov. is different from the others in its straight apical mycelia and the production of 2-5 conidia. C. variabilis sp. nov. is distinctive because of its various shapes of primary conidia. All these three new taxa are illustrated herein with an update key to the species of the genus Conidiobolus s.s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Nie
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Centre for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - De-Shui Yu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zi-Min Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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15
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Hagemann JB, Furitsch M, Wais V, Bunjes D, Walther G, Kurzai O, Essig A. First case of fatal Rhizomucor miehei endocarditis in an immunocompromised patient. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 98:115106. [PMID: 32629298 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhizomucor miehei is a cause of bovine mycotic abortion and mastitis and has rarely been described in human disease. Here, we report the first isolation of R. miehei from native mitral valve tissue in a fatal case of endocarditis that substantiates its pathogenic potential. Apart from morphological criteria, molecular methods were a cornerstone for definite diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Benjamin Hagemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Martina Furitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Wais
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Donald Bunjes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Grit Walther
- National Reference Centre for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- National Reference Centre for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.; Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Essig
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Sulaiman IM, Jacobs E, Simpson S. Application of Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1, Internal Transcribed Spacer 2, and Large-Subunit D1-D2 Regions as the Genetic Markers to Identify Fungi Isolated from Different Environmental Samples: A Molecular Surveillance Study of Public Health Importance. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:843-850. [PMID: 33241369 DOI: 10.1093/jaocint/qsz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In September 2012, a multistate fungal meningitis outbreak started across 20 states in the United States. It affected 753 individuals and caused 64 deaths who received contaminated spinal injections. In a previous study, we analyzed 26 environmental samples collected from the manufacturing premises of a compounding company to determine the possible cause of an outbreak and identified 14 distinct fungal species. OBJECTIVES In this follow-up study, we have analyzed 198 environmental samples collected from three additional compounding company premises located in the United States for the presence of pathogenic fungi. METHODS Environmental swab samples were initially examined by standard microbiological methods. Subsequently, DNA sequencing was performed on all of the 25 recovered fungal isolates at the D1-D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. RESULTS Sequence analysis of the ITS1, ITS2, and LSU rRNA regions confirmed the presence of the following fungal species in the environmental samples analyzed: (i) Pestalotiopsis cocculi from the region Ia; (ii) Epicoccum nigrum and Trichaptum biforme from the region Ib; (iii) Nigrospora sphaerica and Fusarium sp. from the region II; and (iv) Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., and Preussia sp. from the region III. Species identification of 25 recovered fungal isolates matched, in most cases, at 3 sequenced loci (ITS1, ITS2, and LSU). HIGHLIGHTS DNA sequencing of ITS1, ITS2, and LSU D1-D2 regions can be used to perform fungal typing and in implementing effective environmental monitoring programs of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad M Sulaiman
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 60, Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Emily Jacobs
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 60, Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Steven Simpson
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 60, Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
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17
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Wand O, Unterman A, Izhakian S, Fridel L, Kramer MR. Mucormycosis in lung transplant recipients: A systematic review of the literature and a case series. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e13774. [PMID: 31860739 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucormycosis is a rare infection in lung transplant recipients (LTR). Our objective was to better define the clinical presentation and optimal management of this frequently lethal infection. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify all published cases of mucormycosis in LTR using PubMed/MEDLINE. These cases were analyzed together with a new case series from our clinic. RESULTS Literature search yielded 44 articles matching the inclusion criteria, describing 121 cases. Six additional cases were identified from our clinic. Data regarding infection site and outcome were available for a total of 53 patients. The lungs were the most common site of infection (62%), followed by rhinocerebral and disseminated disease. Most cases (78%) developed in the first post-transplant year, with over 40% of them in the first month. Additional risk factors for mucormycosis were identified in over half of the patients. Surgical debridement was uncommon in pulmonary infection (9%). Posaconazole therapy was used in 35% of cases, mostly in combination with amphotericin B. Overall mortality was 32% but varied according to site of infection. CONCLUSION Mucormycosis in LTRs tends to be an early post-surgical infection, associated with additional risk factors and intensified immunosuppressive states, and most often affects the lungs, where surgical debridement is rarely feasible. Posaconazole as first-line therapy should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Wand
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Pulmonary Division, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Sava, Israel
| | - Avraham Unterman
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shimon Izhakian
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Ludmila Fridel
- Pathology Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel
| | - Mordechai R Kramer
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tiqwa, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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18
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Madani M, Zia M. Isolation of Mucorales from biological environment and identification of Rhizopus among the isolates using PCRRFLP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.34172/jsums.2019.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims: Mucorales are fungi belonging to the category of Zygomycetes, found much in nature. Culture-based methods for clinical samples are often negative, difficult and time-consuming and mainly identify isolates to the genus level, and sometimes only as Mucorales. Therefore, applying fast and accurate diagnosis methods such as molecular approaches seems necessary. This study aims at isolating Mucorales for determination of Rhizopus genus between the isolates using molecular methods. Methods: In this descriptive observational study, a total of 500 samples were collected from air and different surfaces and inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. Then, the fungi belonging to Mucorales were identified and their pure culture was provided. DNA extraction was done using extraction kit and the chloroform method. After amplification, the samples belonging to Mucorales were identified by observing 830 bp bands. For enzymatic digestion, enzyme BmgB1 was applied for identification of Rhizopus species by formation of 593 and 235 bp segments. Results: One hundred pure colonies belonging to Mucorales were identified using molecular methods and after enzymatic digestion, 21 isolates were determined as Rhizopus species. The sequencing of PCR products and macroscopic and microscopic studies confirmed the existence of R. stolonifera, R. oryzae and R. caespitosus in the samples. Conclusion: Generally, developing a reliable method for determining Zygomycete species can be a useful tool for better understanding of the epidemiology of mucoromycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Madani
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Zia
- Department of Basic Science, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Hassan MIA, Voigt K. Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S245-S256. [PMID: 30816980 PMCID: PMC6394756 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the basal lineage order Mucorales are able to cause infections in animals and humans. Mucormycosis is a well-known, life-threatening disease especially in patients with a compromised immune system. The rate of mortality and morbidity caused by mucormycosis has increased rapidly during the last decades, especially in developing countries. The systematic, phylogenetic, and epidemiological distributions of mucoralean fungi are addressed in relation to infection in immunocompromised patients. The review highlights the current achievements in (i) diagnostics and management of mucormycosis, (ii) the study of the interaction of Mucorales with cells of the innate immune system, (iii) the assessment of the virulence of Mucorales in vertebrate and invertebrate infection models, and (iv) the determination of virulence factors that are key players in the infection process, for example, high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), spore coat protein (CotH), alkaline Rhizopus protease enzyme (ARP), ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, calcineurin (CaN), serine and aspartate proteases (SAPs). The present mini-review attempts to increase the awareness of these difficult-to-manage fungal infections and to encourage research in the detection of ligands and receptors as potential diagnostic parameters and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Abdelwahab Hassan
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33rd El Buhouth Street (Postal code: 12622) Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Millon L, Scherer E, Rocchi S, Bellanger AP. Molecular Strategies to Diagnose Mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5010024. [PMID: 30897709 PMCID: PMC6463105 DOI: 10.3390/jof5010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques have provided a new understanding of the epidemiology of mucormycosis and improved the diagnosis and therapeutic management of this life-threatening disease. PCR amplification and sequencing were first applied to better identify isolates that were grown from cultures of biopsies or bronchalveolar lavage samples that were collected in patients with Mucorales infection. Subsequently, molecular techniques were used to identify the fungus directly from the infected tissues or from bronchalveolar lavage, and they helped to accurately identify Mucorales fungi in tissue samples when the cultures were negative. However, these tools require invasive sampling (biospsy, bronchalveolar lavage), which is not feasible in patients in poor condition in Hematology or Intensive Care units. Very recently, PCR-based procedures to detect Mucorales DNA in non-invasive samples, such as plasma or serum, have proved successful in diagnosing mucormycosis early in all patients, whatever the clinical status, and these procedures are becoming essential to improving patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Millon
- Parasitology Mycology Department, University Hospital, 25000 Besancon, France.
- Chrono-Environnement UMR/CNRS 6249, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Emeline Scherer
- Parasitology Mycology Department, University Hospital, 25000 Besancon, France.
- Chrono-Environnement UMR/CNRS 6249, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Steffi Rocchi
- Parasitology Mycology Department, University Hospital, 25000 Besancon, France.
- Chrono-Environnement UMR/CNRS 6249, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Anne-Pauline Bellanger
- Parasitology Mycology Department, University Hospital, 25000 Besancon, France.
- Chrono-Environnement UMR/CNRS 6249, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
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Functional characterisation of cellobiohydrolase I (Cbh1) from Trichoderma virens UKM1 expressed in Aspergillus niger. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 154:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Claussen M, Schmidt S. First-time isolation and quantification of Basidiobolus spp. from reptile faeces in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) using selective media. Mycoses 2018; 62:298-305. [PMID: 30411397 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Basidiobolus are potentially pathogenic fungi, known to cause mycoses in tropical and subtropical countries. Basidiobolus spp. can be associated with animals, and reptiles and amphibians are candidate vectors for the distribution of this fungus. The presence of Basidiobolus spp. was described for different reptiles in several African countries, although not for South Africa. In addition, quantitative data are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse faeces of selected South African reptiles for the presence and quantity of "viable Basidiobolus units." Faecal samples of gecko and agama lizards were collected and analysed using spread plating, with confirmation by PCR. The addition of dichloran and benomyl to standard fungal media improved the selectivity and allowed quantification of Basidiobolus spp. in reptile faeces. The amount of Basidiobolus spp. varied between 300 and 1.4 × 106 CFU per gram of pooled gecko faeces, which mostly corresponds to >1000 CFU per outside dropping and <100 CFU per inside dropping. About 60% of analysed agama faeces carried Basidiobolus spp., ranging from 150 to 1.2 × 105 CFU per dropping. Our results show for the first time that faeces of South African reptiles frequently carry Basidiobolus spp., confirming that they can contribute to the distribution of this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Claussen
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Abstract
The pathogenic entomophthoralean fungi cause infection in insects and mammalian hosts. Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus species can be found in soil and insect, reptile, and amphibian droppings in tropical and subtropical areas. The life cycles of these fungi occur in these environments where infecting sticky conidia are developed. The infection is acquired by insect bite or contact with contaminated environments through open skin. Conidiobolus coronatus typically causes chronic rhinofacial disease in immunocompetent hosts, whereas some Conidiobolus species can be found in immunocompromised patients. Basidiobolus ranarum infection is restricted to subcutaneous tissues but may be involved in intestinal and disseminated infections. Its early diagnosis remains challenging due to clinical similarities to other intestinal diseases. Infected tissues characteristically display eosinophilic granulomas with the Splendore-Höeppli phenomenon. However, in immunocompromised patients, the above-mentioned inflammatory reaction is absent. Laboratory diagnosis includes wet mount, culture serological assays, and molecular methodologies. The management of entomophthoralean fungi relies on traditional antifungal therapies, such as potassium iodide (KI), amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole, and surgery. These species are intrinsically resistant to some antifungals, prompting physicians to experiment with combinations of therapies. Research is needed to investigate the immunology of entomophthoralean fungi in infected hosts. The absence of an animal model and lack of funding severely limit research on these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonel Mendoza
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Arango-Franco CA, Moncada-Vélez M, Beltrán CP, Berrío I, Mogollón C, Restrepo A, Trujillo M, Osorio SD, Castro L, Gómez LV, Muñoz AM, Molina V, Del Río Cobaleda DY, Ruiz AC, Garcés C, Alzate JF, Cabarcas F, Orrego JC, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Puel A, Arias AA, Franco JL. Early-Onset Invasive Infection Due to Corynespora cassiicola Associated with Compound Heterozygous CARD9 Mutations in a Colombian Patient. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:794-803. [PMID: 30264381 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CARD9 deficiency is an inborn error of immunity that predisposes otherwise healthy humans to mucocutaneous and invasive fungal infections, mostly caused by Candida, but also by dermatophytes, Aspergillus, and other fungi. Phaeohyphomycosis are an emerging group of fungal infections caused by dematiaceous fungi (phaeohyphomycetes) and are being increasingly identified in patients with CARD9 deficiency. The Corynespora genus belongs to phaeohyphomycetes and only one adult patient with CARD9 deficiency has been reported to suffer from invasive disease caused by C. cassiicola. We identified a Colombian child with an early-onset, deep, and destructive mucocutaneous infection due to C. cassiicola and we searched for mutations in CARD9. METHODS We reviewed the medical records and immunological findings in the patient. Microbiologic tests and biopsies were performed. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was made and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the CARD9 mutations in the patient and her family. Finally, CARD9 protein expression was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by western blotting. RESULTS The patient was affected by a large, indurated, foul-smelling, and verrucous ulcerated lesion on the left side of the face with extensive necrosis and crusting, due to a C. cassiicola infectious disease. WES led to the identification of compound heterozygous mutations in the patient consisting of the previously reported p.Q289* nonsense (c.865C > T, exon 6) mutation, and a novel deletion (c.23_29del; p.Asp8Alafs10*) leading to a frameshift and a premature stop codon in exon 2. CARD9 protein expression was absent in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient. CONCLUSION We describe here compound heterozygous loss-of-expression mutations in CARD9 leading to severe deep and destructive mucocutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to C. cassiicola in a Colombian child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Arango-Franco
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.,Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marcela Moncada-Vélez
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patricia Beltrán
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Indira Berrío
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia.,Hospital General de Medellín "Luz Castro de Gutiérrez" ESE, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristian Mogollón
- Infectología, Hospital Universitario Fernando Troconnis, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | | | | | - Sara Daniela Osorio
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.,Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lorena Castro
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.,Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina Vanessa Gómez
- Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia.,Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana María Muñoz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Verónica Molina
- Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia.,Servicio de Dermatología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carlos Garcés
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.,Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Fernando Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica CNSG, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cabarcas
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica CNSG, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA , Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julio Cesar Orrego
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Paris, EU, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Paris, EU, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Paris, EU, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrés Augusto Arias
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. .,Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - José Luis Franco
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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Nagappan J, Chin CF, Angel LPL, Cooper RM, May ST, Low ETL. Improved nucleic acid extraction protocols for Ganoderma boninense, G. miniatocinctum and G. tornatum. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1541-1550. [PMID: 30203158 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The first and most crucial step of all molecular techniques is to isolate high quality and intact nucleic acids. However, DNA and RNA isolation from fungal samples are usually difficult due to the cell walls that are relatively unsusceptible to lysis and often resistant to traditional extraction procedures. Although there are many extraction protocols for Ganoderma species, different extraction protocols have been applied to different species to obtain high yields of good quality nucleic acids, especially for genome and transcriptome sequencing. Ganoderma species, mainly G. boninense causes the basal stem rot disease, a devastating disease that plagues the oil palm industry. Here, we describe modified DNA extraction protocols for G. boninense, G. miniatocinctum and G. tornatum, and an RNA extraction protocol for G. boninense. The modified salting out DNA extraction protocol is suitable for G. boninense and G. miniatocinctum while the modified high salt and low pH protocol is suitable for G. tornatum. The modified DNA and RNA extraction protocols were able to produce high quality genomic DNA and total RNA of ~ 140 to 160 µg/g and ~ 80 µg/g of mycelia respectively, for Single Molecule Real Time (PacBio Sequel® System) and Illumina sequencing. These protocols will benefit those studying the oil palm pathogens at nucleotide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Nagappan
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chiew Foan Chin
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Pei Lee Angel
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Richard M Cooper
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sean T May
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Eng-Ti Leslie Low
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes diagnosticados de mucormicosis en un hospital de tercer nivel (2012-2016). Rev Iberoam Micol 2018; 35:162-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Phylogenomic approaches have the potential to improve confidence about the inter-relationships of species in the order Mucorales within the fungal tree of life. Rhizopus species are especially important as plant and animal pathogens and bioindustrial fermenters for food and metabolite production. A dataset of 192 orthologous genes was used to construct a phylogenetic tree of 21 Rhizopus strains, classified into four species isolated from habitats of industrial, medical and environmental importance. The phylogeny indicates that the genus Rhizopus consists of three major clades, with R. microsporus as the basal species and the sister lineage to R. stolonifer and two closely related species R. arrhizus and R. delemar A comparative analysis of the mating type locus across Rhizopus reveals that its structure is flexible even between different species in the same genus, but shows similarities between Rhizopus and other mucoralean fungi. The topology of single-gene phylogenies built for two genes involved in mating is similar to the phylogenomic tree. Comparison of the total length of the genome assemblies showed that genome size varies by as much as threefold within a species and is driven by changes in transposable element copy numbers and genome duplications.
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28
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Nakagun S, Okazaki M, Toyotome T, Sugiyama N, Watanabe K, Horiuchi N, Kobayashi Y. Fatal Pulmonary and Cerebellar Zygomycosis due to Rhizomucor pusillus in a Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida). Mycopathologia 2018; 183:979-985. [PMID: 29789990 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old captive ringed seal (Pusa hispida) was treated with subcutaneous antibacterial injections for pus exuding wounds in the skin and associated blubber following a bite attack. Three months after the incident, the animal presented nystagmus and died the following day. At necropsy, there was a 25 × 18 × 25 mm well-delineated, opaque nodular mass in the lung, besides the skin ulcers and localized areas of discoloration in the blubber correlating with the bite wound and injection sites. Histopathology of the pulmonary mass demonstrated severe eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration among numerous intralesional fungal hyphae. The hyphae were irregularly branched, broad and aseptate, consistent of zygomycosis. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on the head, which was initially frozen intact, revealing diffuse areas of hyperintensity in the cerebellum. Restricted histopathologic examination of the cerebellum showed severe granulomatous inflammation well spread within the neuroparenchyma, associated with abundant intralesional fungal hyphae similar to those appreciated in the pulmonary mass. Molecular analyses of the fungi in the pulmonary and cerebellar tissue identified the etiologic agent in both sites as Rhizomucor pusillus. The likely route of infection is through inhalation of R. pusillus spores or fragmented hyphae from the environment that developed into an initial pulmonary infection, becoming the source of hematogenous dissemination to the cerebellum. The skin and blubber lesions likely contributed to immunosuppression. Zygomycosis is uncommon in pinnipeds, and the present report emphasizes the importance of considering zygomycete dissemination even when the primary focus is highly confined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakagun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, W2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Masako Okazaki
- Okhotsk Tokkari Center, 2 Kaiyokoen, Mombetsu, Hokkaido, 094-0031, Japan
| | - Takahito Toyotome
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, W2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuki Sugiyama
- Uminonakamichi Animal Hospital, 6-2-31 Mitoma East Ward, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 811-0201, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, W2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, W2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, W2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Diversity of mucoralean fungi in soils of papaya (Carica papaya L.) producing regions in Mexico. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:810-816. [PMID: 30007431 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mexico is the fifth largest producer of papaya worldwide and has recently reported problems with mucoralean fungi in this crop. These fungi are considered saprophytes in the soil and are ubiquitous in nature. In this work, they were isolated from soil in regions of intensive papaya cultivation in Mexico. Collections were made in the states of Colima, Oaxaca and Veracruz in Apr 2016. A total of 72 mucorales fungal isolates was obtained and morphologically characterized and then molecular characterization (28S ribosomal region) of 25 representative isolates was carried out. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences confirmed the presence of the species Gilbertella persicaria, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor circinelloides and Mucor hiemalis, which cause soft rot in papaya fruits, therefore, spores of these fungi found in the orchard soils can be considered as a constant source of contamination that affects healthy fruits. Additionally, Choanephora cucurbitarum, Mucor ellipsoideus, Rhizopus homothallicus, Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus schipperae, Lichteimia ramosa, Gongronella butleri, Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Cunninghamella blakesleeana were identified which are considered to have agricultural, biotechnological and medical importance.
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30
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Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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31
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Anisha C, Sachidanandan P, Radhakrishnan EK. Endophytic Paraconiothyrium sp. from Zingiber officinale Rosc. Displays Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity by Production of Danthron. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:343-352. [PMID: 29101453 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivity spectrum of fungal endophytes isolated from Zingiber officinale was analyzed against clinical pathogens and against the phytopathogen Pythium myriotylum, which causes Pythium rot in ginger. One of the isolates GFM13 showed broad bioactivity against various pathogens tested including P. myriotylum. The spore suspension as well as the culture filtrate of the endophytic fungal isolate was found to effectively protect ginger rhizomes from Pythium rot. By molecular identification, the fungal endophyte was identified as Paraconiothyrium sp. The bioactive compound produced by the isolate was separated by bioactivity-guided fractionation and was identified by GC-MS as danthron, an anthraquinone derivative. PCR amplification showed the presence of non-reducing polyketide synthase gene (NR-PKS) in the endophyte GFM13, which is reported to be responsible for the synthesis of anthraquinones in fungi. This is the first report of danthron being produced as the biologically active component of Paraconiothyrium sp. Danthron is reported to have wide pharmaceutical and agronomic applications which include its use as a fungicide in agriculture. The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of danthron and the endophytic origin of Paraconiothyrium sp. offer immense applications of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anisha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | | | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India.
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32
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Taxonomic identification of the thermotolerant and fast-growing fungus Lichtheimia ramosa H71D and biochemical characterization of the thermophilic xylanase LrXynA. AMB Express 2017; 7:194. [PMID: 29098440 PMCID: PMC5668220 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zygomycete fungus Lichtheimia ramosa H71D, isolated from sugarcane bagasse compost, was identified by applying phylogenetic analysis based on the DNA sequence of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), and subsequent secondary structure analysis of ITS2. L. ramosa H71D was able to grow over a wide range of temperatures (25–45 °C), manifesting optimal growth at 37 °C. A 64 kDa xylanase (named LrXynA) was purified from the culture supernatant of L. ramosa H71D grown on 2% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), as the only carbon source. LrXynA displayed optimal activity at pH 6 and temperature of 65 °C. The enzyme retained more than 50% of its maximal activity over a broad range of pH values (4.5–7.5). Enzyme half-life (t½) times at 55, 65 and 75 °C were 80, 25, and 8 min, respectively. LrXynA showed higher affinity (kM of 2.87 mg/mL) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/kM of 0.651 mg s/mL) towards Beechwood xylan in comparison to other substrates such as Birchwood xylan, Oat-spelt xylan, CMC, Avicel and Solka floc. The predominant final products from LrXynA-mediated hydrolysis of Beechwood xylan were xylobiose and xylotriose, suggesting that the enzyme is an endo-β-1,4 xylanase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of sugar cane bagasse (SCB) treated with LrXynA, alone or in combination with commercial cellulases, showed a positive effect on the hydrolysis of SCB. To our knowledge, this is the first report focusing on the biochemical and functional characterization of an endo-β-1,4 xylanase from the thermotolerant and fast-growing fungus Lichtheimia ramosa.
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33
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Banerjee S, Peck KN, Feldman MD, Schuster MG, Alwine JC, Robertson ES. Identification of fungal pathogens in a patient with acute myelogenic leukemia using a pathogen detection array technology. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 17:339-45. [PMID: 26619325 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1121349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive zygomycosis in immunocompromised patients results in a high mortality rate, and early identification is crucial to optimize therapy and to reduce morbidity. However, diagnosing specific species of zygomycetes fungi possess challenge in the clinical laboratories. A need for a rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool for early recognition of a zygomycetes fungus in clinical samples to the species level will lead to prompt and accurate therapy and the PathoChip provides one such platform. We utilized a pathogen array technology referred to as PathoChip, comprised of oligonucleotide probes that can detect all the sequenced viruses as well as known pathogenic bacteria, fungi and parasites and family-specific conserved probes, thus providing a means for detecting previously uncharacterized members of a family. We rapidly identified a zygomycetous fungus, Rhizomucor pusillus, an otherwise challenge for the clinical laboratories, predominantly in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. This report highlights the value of PathoChip as a diagnostic tool to identify micro-organisms to the species level, especially for those difficult to identify in most clinical laboratories. It will also help clinicians to obtain a critical snapshot of the infection profile of a patient to plan treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Banerjee
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Kristen N Peck
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Michael D Feldman
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Mindy G Schuster
- c Infectious Diseases Division, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , PA , USA
| | - James C Alwine
- d Department of Cancer Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Erle S Robertson
- a Department of Microbiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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34
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Metabolite analysis of endophytic fungi from cultivars of Zingiber officinale Rosc. identifies myriad of bioactive compounds including tyrosol. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:146. [PMID: 28597159 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi associated with rhizomes of four cultivars of Zingiber officinale were identified by molecular and morphological methods and evaluated for their activity against soft rot pathogen Pythium myriotylum and clinical pathogens. The volatile bioactive metabolites produced by these isolates were identified by GC-MS analysis of the fungal crude extracts. Understanding of the metabolites produced by endophytes is also important in the context of raw consumption of ginger as medicine and spice. A total of fifteen isolates were identified from the four varieties studied. The various genera identified were Acremonium sp., Gliocladiopsis sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Aspergillus sp., Phlebia sp., Earliella sp., and Pseudolagarobasidium sp. The endophytic community was unique to each variety, which could be due to the varying host genotype. Fungi from phylum Basidiomycota were identified for the first time from ginger. Seven isolates showed activity against Pythium, while only two showed antibacterial activity. The bioactive metabolites identified in the fungal crude extracts include tyrosol, benzene acetic acid, ergone, dehydromevalonic lactone, N-aminopyrrolidine, and many bioactive fatty acids and their derivatives which included linoleic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid methyl ester, and methyl linoleate. The presence of these varying bioactive endophytic fungi may be one of the reasons for the differences in the performance of the different ginger varieties.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kwaśna
- Department of Forest Pathology, Agriculture University, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71 c, 60- 625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Helgard I. Nirenberg
- Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Plant Virology, Microbiology and Biologial Safety, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
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36
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de Souza JI, Pires-Zottarelli CLA, dos Santos JF, Costa JP, Harakava R. Isomucor(Mucoromycotina): a new genus from a Cerrado reserve in state of São Paulo, Brazil. Mycologia 2017; 104:232-41. [DOI: 10.3852/11-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janaina Pinheiro Costa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stéfano 3687, 04301-902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Harakava
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Fitopatológica, Instituto Biológico, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves 1252, 04014-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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37
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Morin-Sardin S, Nodet P, Coton E, Jany JL. Mucor: A Janus-faced fungal genus with human health impact and industrial applications. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Sharma R, Prakash O, Sonawane MS, Nimonkar Y, Golellu PB, Sharma R. Diversity and Distribution of Phenol Oxidase Producing Fungi from Soda Lake and Description of Curvularia lonarensis sp. nov. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1847. [PMID: 27920761 PMCID: PMC5118452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Soda lake is hyper alkaline and saline habitat located in closed craters with high evaporation rate. In current study fungal diversity from water and sediment samples of a soda lake (Lonar lake) located in Buldhana district of Maharashtra, India was investigated using extensive culturomics approach and mimicking the natural conditions of Lonar lake in culture media. A total of 104 diverse isolates of extremophilic fungi were recovered from this study and phylogenetically characterized by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. In addition, due to important role of phenol oxidase, and peroxidase in degradation of toxic phenol, lignin, etc., all isolated pure cultures were also screened for extracellular phenol oxidase and peroxidase production potential. Diversity analysis indicated that different groups of extremophilic fungi are present in the water and sediment samples of Lonar lake. A total of 38 species of fungi belonging to 18-different genera were recovered. Out of 104 isolates 32 showed ≤97% sequences similarity, which were morphologically different and could be potential novel isolates of extremophilic fungi. However, out of 104 isolates only 14 showed the extracellular phenol oxidase production potentials at alkaline pH. Curvularia sp. strain MEF018 showed highest phenol oxidase production at alkaline condition and had low sequence similarity with previously characterized species (96% with Curvularia pseudorobusta). Taxonomic characterization (morphological and physiological) and multi locus sequence analysis (MLSA) using combined alignment of ITS-LSU-gpd of strain MEF018 showed that it is a novel species of the genus Curvularia and hence proposed as Curvularia lonarensis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science Pune, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science Pune, India
| | - Mahesh S Sonawane
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science Pune, India
| | - Yogesh Nimonkar
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science Pune, India
| | - Priyanka B Golellu
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell SciencePune, India; Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityPune, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science Pune, India
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39
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Caillot D, Valot S, Lafon I, Basmaciyan L, Chretien ML, Sautour M, Million L, Legouge C, Payssot A, Dalle F. Is It Time to Include CT "Reverse Halo Sign" and qPCR Targeting Mucorales in Serum to EORTC-MSG Criteria for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Mucormycosis in Leukemia Patients? Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw190. [PMID: 28101518 PMCID: PMC5225907 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 23 leukemia patients with proven (n = 17) or possible (n = 6)
pulmonary mucormycosis (PM), the presence of reversed halo sign on computed
tomography was strongly associated with the positivity of quantitative polymerase
chain reaction assays targeting Mucorales in the serum, confirming the value of these
two tools for the diagnosis of PM in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Caillot
- Department of Clinical Haematology, University Hospital, Dijon; Inserm Unit 866, LabEx Team, Dijon School of Medicine
| | - Stéphane Valot
- Mycology and Parasitology Department , University Hospital , Dijon
| | - Ingrid Lafon
- Department of Clinical Haematology , University Hospital , Dijon
| | - Louise Basmaciyan
- Mycology and Parasitology Department, University Hospital, Dijon; Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM, Team Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress
| | - Marie Lorraine Chretien
- Department of Clinical Haematology, University Hospital, Dijon; Inserm Unit 866, LabEx Team, Dijon School of Medicine
| | - Marc Sautour
- Mycology and Parasitology Department, University Hospital, Dijon; Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM, Team Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress
| | - Laurence Million
- Chrono-Environnement UMR, 6249 CNRS, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon; Parasitology-Mycology Department, University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Legouge
- Department of Clinical Haematology, University Hospital, Dijon; Inserm Unit 866, LabEx Team, Dijon School of Medicine
| | | | - Frédéric Dalle
- Mycology and Parasitology Department, University Hospital, Dijon; Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM, Team Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress
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40
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Hoque E, Fritscher J. A new mercury-accumulating Mucor hiemalis strain EH8 from cold sulfidic spring water biofilms. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:763-781. [PMID: 27177603 PMCID: PMC5061714 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report about a unique aquatic fungus Mucor hiemalisEH8 that can remove toxic ionic mercury from water by intracellular accumulation and reduction into elemental mercury (Hg0 ). EH8 was isolated from a microbial biofilm grown in sulfidic-reducing spring water sourced at a Marching's site located downhill from hop cultivation areas with a history of mercury use. A thorough biodiversity survey and mercury-removal function analyses were undertaken in an area of about 200 km2 in Bavaria (Germany) to find the key biofilm and microbe for mercury removal. After a systematic search using metal removal assays we identified Marching spring's biofilm out of 18 different sulfidic springs' biofilms as the only one that was capable of removing ionic Hg from water. EH8 was selected, due to its molecular biological identification as the key microorganism of this biofilm with the capability of mercury removal, and cultivated as a pure culture on solid and in liquid media to produce germinating sporangiospores. They removed 99% of mercury from water within 10-48 h after initial exposure to Hg(II). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated occurrence of intracellular mercury in germinating sporangiospores exposed to mercury. Not only associated with intracellular components, but mercury was also found to be released and deposited as metallic-shiny nanospheres. Electron-dispersive x-ray analysis of such a nanosphere confirmed presence of mercury by the HgMα peak at 2.195 keV. Thus, a first aquatic eukaryotic microbe has been found that is able to grow even at low temperature under sulfur-reducing conditions with promising performance in mercury removal to safeguard our environment from mercury pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Hoque
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fritscher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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41
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Colony-PCR Is a Rapid Method for DNA Amplification of Hyphomycetes. J Fungi (Basel) 2016; 2:jof2020012. [PMID: 29376929 PMCID: PMC5753074 DOI: 10.3390/jof2020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pure cultures identified with both classical morphological methods and through barcoding sequences are a basic requirement for reliable reference sequences in public databases. Improved techniques for an accelerated DNA barcode reference library construction will result in considerably improved sequence databases covering a wider taxonomic range. Fast, cheap, and reliable methods for obtaining DNA sequences from fungal isolates are, therefore, a valuable tool for the scientific community. Direct colony PCR was already successfully established for yeasts, but has not been evaluated for a wide range of anamorphic soil fungi up to now, and a direct amplification protocol for hyphomycetes without tissue pre-treatment has not been published so far. Here, we present a colony PCR technique directly from fungal hyphae without previous DNA extraction or other prior manipulation. Seven hundred eighty-eight fungal strains from 48 genera were tested with a success rate of 86%. PCR success varied considerably: DNA of fungi belonging to the genera Cladosporium, Geomyces, Fusarium, and Mortierella could be amplified with high success. DNA of soil-borne yeasts was always successfully amplified. Absidia, Mucor, Trichoderma, and Penicillium isolates had noticeably lower PCR success.
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Mahmoud AF. Genetic Variation and Biological Control of Fusarium graminearum Isolated from Wheat in Assiut-Egypt. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 32:145-56. [PMID: 27147934 PMCID: PMC4853104 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2015.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum Schwabe causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss of wheat and other cereal crops. Twelve isolates of F. graminearum were collected from naturally infected spikes of wheat from Assiut Egypt. These isolates were compared using SRAP. The results indicated distinct genetic groups exist within F. graminearum, and demonstrated that these groups have different biological properties, especially with respect to their pathogenicity on wheat. There were biologically significant differences between the groups; with group (B) isolates being more aggressive towards wheat than groups (A) and (C). Furthermore, Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) and Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) which isolated from wheat kernels were screened for antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. They significantly reduced the growth of F. graminearum colonies in culture. In order to gain insight into biological control effect in situ, highly antagonistic isolates of T. harzianum and B. subtilis were selected, based on their in vitro effectiveness, for greenhouse test. It was revealed that T. harzianum and B. subtilis significantly reduced FHB severity. The obtained results indicated that T. harzianum and B. subtilis are very effective biocontrol agents that offer potential benefit in FHB and should be harnessed for further biocontrol applications. The accurate analysis of genetic variation and studies of population structures have significant implications for understanding the genetic traits and disease control programs in wheat. This is the first known report of the distribution and genetic variation of F. graminearum on wheat spikes in Assiut Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer F. Mahmoud
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut,
Egypt
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43
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Springer J, Goldenberger D, Schmidt F, Weisser M, Wehrle-Wieland E, Einsele H, Frei R, Löffler J. Development and application of two independent real-time PCR assays to detect clinically relevant Mucorales species. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:227-234. [PMID: 26743820 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PCR-based detection of Mucorales species could improve diagnosis of suspected invasive fungal infection, leading to a better patient outcome. This study describes two independent probe-based real-time PCR tests for detection of clinically relevant Mucorales, targeting specific fragments of the 18S and the 28S rRNA genes. Both assays have a short turnaround time, allow fast, specific and very sensitive detection of clinically relevant Mucorales and have the potential to be used as quantitative tests. They were validated on various clinical samples (fresh and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens, mainly biopsies, n = 17). The assays should be used as add-on tools to complement standard techniques; a combined approach of both real-time PCR assays has 100 % sensitivity. Genus identification by subsequent sequencing is possible for amplicons of the 18S PCR assay. In conclusion, combination of the two independent Mucorales assays described in this study, 18S and 28S, detected all clinical samples associated with proven Mucorales infection (n = 10). Reliable and specific identification of Mucorales is a prerequisite for successful antifungal therapy as these fungi show intrinsic resistance to voriconazole and caspofungin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Springer
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Goldenberger
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friderike Schmidt
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maja Weisser
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Wehrle-Wieland
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reno Frei
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Löffler
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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44
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Utilizing Genomics to Study Entomopathogenicity in the Fungal Phylum Entomophthoromycota. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2016; 94:41-65. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Sharma R, Sharma R, Crous PW. Matsushimamyces, a new genus of keratinophilic fungi from soil in central India. IMA Fungus 2015; 6:337-43. [PMID: 26734544 PMCID: PMC4681257 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During a collecting trip exploring new habitats and locations for keratinophilic fungi, soil samples were collected from Bohani village in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Following isolation using a hair baiting technique, one sample yielded an interesting hyphomycetous fungus. The fungus, which could easily be observed under a dissecting microscope, formed prominently large, dark brown to opaque, fusoid conidia on horse hair after 2 mo of incubation. Single-conidial colonies were cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium by direct transfer, using a fine needle under a dissecting microscope. Morphologically the fungus resembles genera such as Bahugada, Hadrosporium, Manoharachariella, Pithomyces, and Septosporiopsis, but differs with regard to its conidia and conidiogenous cells. Based on its unique morphology, the present collection is described as a new genus, Matsushimamyces, with M. bohaniensis as type species. Phylogenetic analysis of the LSU region placed Matsushimamyces in Latoruaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Furthermore, based on the morphological and phylogenetic similarity (ITS and LSU rDNA), a second species, Polyschema venustum, is also referred to Matsushimamyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Pedro W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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46
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Dao HT, Beattie GAC, Rossman AY, Burgess LW, Holford P. Systematics and biology of two species of Microcera associated with armoured scales on citrus in Australia. Mycol Prog 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-015-1044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Carrillo-Casas EM, Arenas R, García-Méndez JO, Toussaint S, Moreno-Morales ME, Schcolnik-Cabrera AA, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Hernández-Castro R. Mucormycosis in a Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient Caused by Syncephalastrum racemosum: Case Report and Review of Literature. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:89-93. [PMID: 25736172 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection caused by saprophytic zygomycetes. These fungal infections are caused by members of the mucorales. The clinical importance of zygomycosis, an emerging and frequently fatal mycotic disease, has increased during recent years, due to several risk factors such as (a) the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic, (b) use of empirical antifungal treatment (mainly triazoles), and (c) aggressive chemotherapy and sustained leucopenia (i.e., peripheral stem cell transplantation). An almost fulminant pneumonia caused by Syncephalastrum racemosum in an immunocompromised patient with an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is described. Despite treatment with amphotericin B, deoxycholate, caspofungin, and surgical resection of fungal bodies from both lungs, and survival of 10 months without relapsing from fungal infection, the patient died due to hematological complications from an unresponsive disease. Herein is the description of the first case of pulmonary infection caused by Syncephalastrum racemosum.
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48
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El-Shabrawi MH, Kamal NM, Kaerger K, Voigt K. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: a mini-review. Mycoses 2014; 57 Suppl 3:138-43. [PMID: 25186791 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Basidiobolus ranarum (Entomophthoromycotina) very rarely affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To date, reported paediatric GI basidiobolomycosis cases are 27 worldwide; 19 from Saudi Arabia and 8 from other parts of the world. Often these cases present a diagnostic dilemma, are prone to misdiagnosis and lack of disease confirmation by proper molecular methodologies. The fungal mass removed by surgery is usually sent for conciliar histopathology, isolation by fungal cultures and final molecular testing for basidiobolomycosis. The incidence of basidiobolomycoses, their predisposing factors and the molecular diagnosis of the fungus causing the disease in combination with a phylogenetic framework are reviewed.
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49
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Dannaoui E, Millon L. Current Status of Diagnosis of Mucormycosis: Update on Molecular Methods. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-014-0196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Genetic Characterization of Fungi Isolated from the Environmental Swabs collected from a Compounding Center Known to Cause Multistate Meningitis Outbreak in United States Using ITS Sequencing. Pathogens 2014; 3:732-42. [PMID: 25438021 PMCID: PMC4243438 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A multistate fungal meningitis outbreak started in September of 2012 which spread in 20 states of the United States. The outbreak has been fatal so far, and has affected 751 individuals with 64 deaths among those who received contaminated spinal injections manufactured by a Compounding Center located in Massachusetts. In a preliminary study, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated the outbreak in collaboration with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), state and local health departments, and identified four fungal and several bacterial contaminations in the recalled unopened injection vials. This follow-up study was carried out to assess DNA sequencing of the ITS1 region of rRNA gene for rapid identification of fungal pathogens during public health outbreak investigations. A total of 26 environmental swabs were collected from several locations at the manufacturing premises of the Compounding Center known to have caused the outbreak. The swab samples were initially examined by conventional microbiologic protocols and a wide range of fungal species were recovered. Species-identification of these microorganisms was accomplished by nucleotide sequencing of ITS1 region of rRNA gene. Analysis of data confirmed 14 additional fungal species in the swabs analyzed.
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