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Gong J, Jiang Y, Zhang D, Li T, Fu L, Dou X. One-tube detection of Salmonella Typhimurium using LAMP and CRISPR-Cas12b. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0127124. [PMID: 39189759 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01271-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) is a predominant serovar causing foodborne illnesses worldwide. Traditional detection methods often face challenges, including the need for specialized equipment, skilled operators, and lengthy procedures. To address these limitations, we developed a rapid, sensitive, and specific ST detection method by integrating loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated protein 12b (CRISPR/Cas12b) system, all within a single tube. Our results indicate that the LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b reaction can be completed isothermally in under 1 h without requiring specialized instruments. The platform's limit of detection (LoD) is 12.5 copies per reaction. Additionally, the system demonstrated 100% inclusivity and exclusivity when tested against 30 reference strains, highlighting its specificity. In practical applications, the LoDs for ST in pure nucleic acid and contaminated fecal samples were 2.32 and 23.2 CFU/mL, respectively, with higher sensitivity observed in pure nucleic acid samples. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of the one-tube LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b platform as a rapid, sensitive, and specific tool for ST detection, particularly in resource-limited settings. IMPORTANCE Here, we have provided a novel one-step method for Salmonella Typhimurium detection in one pot by integrating the LAMP assay with the CRISPR/Cas12b system, offering significant advantages in terms of simplicity, speed, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinhong Dou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Yildiz M, Demirbilek SK. Investigation of prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in pet dogs and cats in Turkey. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1513. [PMID: 38924270 PMCID: PMC11198019 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although salmonellosis is considered to be a foodborne zoonotic disease, pets can play a significant role in the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella organisms to humans because of close contact with their owners. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, risk factors, virulence factors, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella in pet dogs and cats in Turkey and to assess the public health risk. Furthermore, to perform macroscopic comparison of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Salmonella-positive and Salmonella-negative animals. METHODS International Standards Organization (ISO) 6579-1:2017 and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) methods were used to compare the effectiveness of culture methods in the identification of Salmonella in 348 rectal swabs. Positive isolates were serotyped using the slide agglutination method according to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme and the presence of virulence genes (invA and stn) were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial activity was tested by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. RESULTS Salmonella prevalence was 5.73% (9/157) in dogs and 0.0% (0/191) in cats. Eight (8/9) isolates were cultured with the ISO method and 5 (5/9) isolates were cultured with the FDA method. Macroscopic results revealed that Salmonella agents had no effect on LAB. Three different serotypes were detected and all isolates were positive for virulence genes. Antibiotic resistance profiling indicated that 11.1% of the isolates were MDR and the highest resistance was found for ciprofloxacin. MDR-resistant S. Virchow and carbapenem-resistant S. Enteritidis were detected from dog isolates. There was a significant difference between raw meat consumption and Salmonella carriage (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Dogs could be potential carriers of Salmonella infection. The isolation of Salmonella in healthy dogs instead of dogs suffering from diarrhoea indicates that attention should be paid to asymptomatic carriage. The emergence of resistance among zoonotic Salmonella isolates poses a significant threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yildiz
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of MicrobiologyUludag UniversityBursaTurkey
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3
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Ren Z, Peng L, Chen S, Pu Y, Lv H, Wei H, Wan C. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 Inhibits Intestinal Infection of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain ATCC 13311 in Mice with High-Fat Diet. Foods 2021; 11:85. [PMID: 35010211 PMCID: PMC8750823 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is widely distributed in food. It can colonise the gastrointestinal tract after ingestion, causing lamina propria edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucosal epithelial decomposition. A high-fat diet (HFD) can induce an inflammatory response, but whether HFD can increase the infection level of S. Typhimurium is unknown. We established a model of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain ATCC 13311 ATCC 13311 infection in healthy adult mice with a maintenance diet (MD) or HFD to explore the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 intervention on S. Typhimurium ATCC 13311 colonization and its protective effects on mice. HFD exacerbated the infection of S. Typhimurium ATCC 13311, while the intervention of L. plantarum 1201 effectively mitigated this process. L. plantarum 1201 can reduce the colonies of S. ATCC 13311 in the intestines and tissues; and reduce intestinal inflammation by down-regulating the level of TLR4/NF-κB pathway related proteins in serum and the expression of related inflammatory factors in the colon and jejunum. Since L. plantarum 1201 can inhibit the colonization of S. Typhimurium ATCC 13311 and relieve inflammation in HFD, current research may support the use of L. plantarum 1201 to prevent S. Typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Y.P.); (H.L.); (H.W.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lingling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Y.P.); (H.L.); (H.W.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shufang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Y.P.); (H.L.); (H.W.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yi Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Y.P.); (H.L.); (H.W.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huihui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Y.P.); (H.L.); (H.W.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (Y.P.); (H.L.); (H.W.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Cuixiang Wan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Li X, Zheng T, Xie YN, Li F, Jiang X, Hou X, Wu P. Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Coupled with a Photosensitization Colorimetric Assay for Fast Salmonella spp. Testing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6559-6566. [PMID: 33852278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is one of the most serious foodborne pathogens causing millions of infection cases annually, especially in resource-limited areas. The standard culture method (2-3 days) and current nucleic acid amplification-based testing are not suitable for on-site testing in rural areas with heavy Salmonella spp. burden. Here, we developed a colorimetric recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method for fast and sensitive Salmonella spp. testing in 1 h. Specifically, the invA gene from the genomic DNA of Salmonella spp. was amplified isothermally to produce double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) amplicons, which were directly quantified by a photosensitization colorimetric assay. The proposed method offered the lowest detectable concentration of 5 × 103 colony-forming units/mL (cfu/mL), which is much lower than that of ELISA (105-107 cfu/mL). The detectable limit could be further pushed down to 3 cfu/mL upon coupling with bacteria pre-enrichment for 6 h. Analysis of synthetic milk samples confirmed the high precision (90%) and specificity (95%) of the method for Salmonella spp. testing. Moreover, use of a DNA releaser could further simplify the whole testing operation. Because RPA features low-temperature amplification (25-42 °C) without the need for specific instruments and the dsDNA-based photosensitization colorimetric assay served as a simple and facile readout for RPA, our method thus allows fast and low-cost Salmonella spp. testing in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ya-Ni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Sokoudjou JB, Atolani O, Njateng GSS, Khan A, Tagousop CN, Bitombo AN, Kodjio N, Gatsing D. Isolation, characterization and in vitro anti-salmonellal activity of compounds from stem bark extract of Canarium schweinfurthii. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:316. [PMID: 33076876 PMCID: PMC7574196 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria belonging to the Salmonella genus are major concern for health, as they are widely reported in many cases of food poisoning. The use of antibiotics remains a main stream control strategy for avian salmonellosis as well as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in humans. Due to the growing awareness about drug resistance and toxicities, the use of antibiotics is being discouraged in many countries whilst advocating potent benign alternatives such as phyto-based medicine. The objective of this work was to isolate, characterise the bioactive compounds of Canarium schweinfurthii; and evaluate their anti-salmonellal activity. METHODS The hydro-ethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii was fractionated and tested for their anti-salmonellal activity. The most active fractions (i.e. chloroform and ethyl acetate partition fractions) were then explored for their phytochemical constituents. Fractionation on normal phase silica gel column chromatography and size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 led to the isolation of four compounds (maniladiol, scopoletin, ethyl gallate and gallic acid) reported for the first time in Canarium schweinfurthii. RESULTS Result indicated that scopoletin and gallic acid had greater activity than the crude extracts and partition fractions. Among the isolated compounds, scopoletin showed the highest inhibitory activity with a MIC of 16 μg/ml against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. CONCLUSIONS The overall results of this study indicates that the hydro-ethanolic extract as well as some of isolated compounds have interesting anti-salmonellal activities that could be further explored for the development of potent therapy for salmonellosis. Furthermore, the study adds credence to the folkloric applications of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Sokoudjou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Olubunmi Atolani
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B, Ilorin, 1515, Nigeria
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Afsar Khan
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Cyrille Ngoufack Tagousop
- Department of Basic Scientific Studies, University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, P.O.Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - André Nehemie Bitombo
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Kodjio
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Gatsing
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
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6
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Rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella spp. in raw minced meat samples using droplet digital PCR. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Cetin E, Temelli S, Eyigor A. Nontyphoid Salmonella Prevalence, Serovar Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance in Slaughter Sheep. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:21-33. [PMID: 31970328 PMCID: PMC6957453 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the current prevalence, serovar distribution and antimicrobial resistance rate and patterns of nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) in slaughter sheep and their edible offal. While filling the gap of up to date related information in Turkey, data presented is also of significance since contamination of ovine meat, its products and offal with this pathogen is threat to public health due to their considerably high consumption rates in our country. Current NTS carriage in 200 apparently healthy slaughter sheep by ISO 6579:2002, 6579:2002/A1:2007 standard bacteriology (ISO) was 5% (10/200) (4 fecal content - 2%, 3 mesenterial lymph node - 1.5%, 3 kidney - 1.5%) out of 1,400 samples (0.7%), with no isolation from carcass, liver, gallbladder, spleen. Real-time PCR was in substantial agreement to ISO in confirming Salmonella-suspect isolates (Relative Trueness: 93.6%). S. Newport (40%) was the predominant serovar, followed by the second prevalent serovars as S. Typhimurium and S. Kentucky (20%), and by S. Umbilo and S. Corvallis (10%). Four and 6 out of 10 NTS isolates were susceptible (40%) and resistant (60%) to 18 antimicrobials, respectively. S. Typhimurium isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) to tigecycline and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, with one also resistant to cefepime. S. Corvallis was MDR to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin. The predominance of S. Newport and first isolation of S. Corvallis in sheep in the world; first time isolations of Newport, Kentucky, Corvallis, Umbilo serovars from sheep in Turkey; and high antimicrobial resistance rates obtained in majority of the isolates highlights study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Cetin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Namik Kemal University,
59030, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Seran Temelli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University,
16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Eyigor
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University,
16059, Bursa, Turkey
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Kouam MK, Biekop HMF, Katte B, Teguia A. Risk factors of Salmonella infection in laying hens in Menoua Division, Western region of Cameroon (Central Africa). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 67:101370. [PMID: 31630034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella infections in poultry farms are overlooked in many African countries; yet these infections are mostly zoonotic with impact on both poultry industry and public health. Considering the impact of Salmonella in laying hens, and the role of laying hens as a source of Salmonella outbreak in human, knowledge of the status of Salmonella on laying hen farms as well as the factors influencing the presence of Salmonella is important. In a cross sectional study, cloacal swabs were collected from 270 commercial laying hens on 27 farms located in Menoua Division. These samples were cultured on standard media. A questionnaire was used to collect information on animals, farms and farmer's characteristics. The prevalence of Salmonella was 93.34%; three zoonotic isolates namely S. Enteritidis (75.90%), S. Paratyphi (11.90%), and S. Typhimurium (5.60%) were identified. The location of farms was significantly associated with presence of Salmonella, and the risk of infection was 10-fold higher in Nkong-ni than Santchou (p < 0.05). Other potential risk factors such as flock size, age of the farm (infrastructure), or water source were not associated with Salmonella infection. The prophylactic measures against avian diseases in the country must include measures against Salmonella to protect poultry industry and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc K Kouam
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, PO BOX 122, Dschang, Cameroon; Center for Research on Filariases and Other Tropical Diseases (CRFilMT), P.O. Box 5797, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Herman M F Biekop
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, PO BOX 122, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bridget Katte
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, PO BOX 122, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Alexis Teguia
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, PO BOX 122, Dschang, Cameroon
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Kumar N, Mohan K, Georges K, Dziva F, Adesiyun AA. Prevalence, Serovars, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Cecal Samples of Chickens Slaughtered in Pluck Shops in Trinidad. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1560-1567. [PMID: 31424291 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and zonal distribution of Salmonella serotypes in poultry and to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella isolates. A total of 1,503 cecal samples of poultry were randomly collected from 33 pluck shops across Trinidad. Isolation and identification of Salmonella followed standard methods, and the disk diffusion method was used to determine resistance of isolates to 14 antimicrobial agents. Ninety-one (6.1%) of the 1,503 samples collected from four zones were positive for Salmonella. The frequency of isolation of Salmonella from chicken ceca (6.5%) was higher than that detected in duck ceca (5.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Ten serotypes were detected, with Salmonella Molade, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica I, and Salmonella Typhimurium the most prevalent at 56.0, 11.0, and 8.8%, respectively. The highest frequency of isolation of Salmonella was recorded in the northeast zone (59.3%). All 91 isolates exhibited resistance to at least 1 of the 14 antimicrobial agents. The highest frequency of resistance was exhibited to ampicillin (51.0%), kanamycin (49.5%), and streptomycin (37.4%). A total of 22 resistance patterns were exhibited by the 91 isolates of Salmonella, and 13 isolates (14.3%) exhibited multiple drug resistance. The results emphasize the need to implement hygienic practices to reduce the levels of contamination at poultry pluck shops and the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in the poultry production system in Trinidad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumar
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Krishna Mohan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Karla Georges
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Francis Dziva
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
| | - Abiodun A Adesiyun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9421 [A.A.A.])
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10
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Cetin E, Serbetcioglu T, Temelli S, Eyigor A. Nontyphoid
Salmonella
carriage, serovar profile and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in slaughter cattle. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Cetin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineNamık Kemal University Tekirdag Turkey
| | - Talha Serbetcioglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
| | - Seran Temelli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
| | - Aysegul Eyigor
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
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11
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Amraee M, Oloomi M, Yavari A, Bouzari S. DNA aptamer identification and characterization for E. coli O157 detection using cell based SELEX method. Anal Biochem 2017; 536:36-44. [PMID: 28818557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that causes symptoms in humans. Its rapid identification should be considered to avoid toxic effects of the pathogen. In this study, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment using whole cells (Cell-SELEX) method was used for recognizing E. coli strain, O157 by single-stranded DNA library of aptamer. Nine rounds of cell-selex procedure were applied using O157, as a whole-cell target, with O42, K12, Top10, DH5α E. coli cells, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi as counterparts. The specific interaction between selected DNA aptamers and targeted cell was assessed. After applying six rounds of SELEX for selection of DNA aptamers, the candidate sequences were obtained. Finally, specific aptamer was selected as an ideal aptamer for detection and capturing of E. coli O157. Dissociation constant of the selected aptamer were calculated (107.6 ± 67.8 pM). In addition, the secondary structure prediction and cross reactivity assays were performed. The isolated aptamer efficiency was confirmed and it was shown that the new DNA aptamer sequence has the ability to use for detection. This specific O157:H7 aptamer have the potential for application as a diagnostic ligand and could be used for detection of the related food borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoum Amraee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Mana Oloomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran.
| | - Afsaneh Yavari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
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12
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Multidrug-resistant Salmonellae isolated in Japanese quails reared in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1455-1460. [PMID: 28717851 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a major bacterial disease causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the period prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica in Japanese quails in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Four hundred cloacal swabs of quail birds were collected from 4 locations within Abeokuta. Salmonella was isolated from the samples using conventional methods for selective isolation of Salmonella and biochemical identification. Isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assays for the amplification and detection of Salmonella-associated virulence genes (invA and stn) using specific primers. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In all, Salmonella was isolated from 14 (3.5%) cloacal swabs. All 14 isolates possessed invA and stn genes. The Salmonella isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (100%), doxycycline (100%), ampicillin (100%), sulphamethoxazole (92.9%), nalidixic acid (85.8%), ceftazidime (78.6%), neomycin (64.3%), streptomycin (50%) and gentamycin (28.6%) but all the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials indicating multidrug resistance. The results concluded that Japanese quails harbour multidrug-resistant Salmonella which could be transmitted to humans through consumption of contaminated food or by direct and indirect contact with the carrier birds. Antimicrobial resistance could be due to overdependence on antimicrobials. Ciprofloxacin could be considered in the treatment of zoonotic Salmonellosis in humans.
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Diazonium-based impedimetric aptasensor for the rapid label-free detection of Salmonella typhimurium in food sample. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:566-573. [PMID: 26894987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fast and accurate detection of microorganisms is of key importance in clinical analysis and in food and water quality monitoring. Salmonella typhimurium is responsible for about a third of all cases of foodborne diseases and consequently, its fast detection is of great importance for ensuring the safety of foodstuffs. We report the development of a label-free impedimetric aptamer-based biosensor for S. typhimurium detection. The aptamer biosensor was fabricated by grafting a diazonium-supporting layer onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs), via electrochemical or chemical approaches, followed by chemical immobilisation of aminated-aptamer. FTIR-ATR, contact angle and electrochemical measurements were used to monitor the fabrication process. Results showed that electrochemical immobilisation of the diazonium-grafting layer allowed the formation of a denser aptamer layer, which resulted in higher sensitivity. The developed aptamer-biosensor responded linearly, on a logarithm scale, over the concentration range 1 × 10(1) to 1 × 10(8)CFU mL(-1), with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 × 10(1) CFU mL(-1) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 6 CFU mL(-1). Selectivity studies showed that the aptamer biosensor could discriminate S. typhimurium from 6 other model bacteria strains. Finally, recovery studies demonstrated its suitability for the detection of S. typhimurium in spiked (1 × 10(2), 1 × 10(4) and 1 × 10(6) CFU mL(-1)) apple juice samples.
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Villamizar-Rodríguez G, Fernández J, Marín L, Muñiz J, González I, Lombó F. Multiplex detection of nine food-borne pathogens by mPCR and capillary electrophoresis after using a universal pre-enrichment medium. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1194. [PMID: 26579100 PMCID: PMC4630290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine microbiological quality analyses in food samples require, in some cases, an initial incubation in pre-enrichment medium. This is necessary in order to ensure that small amounts of pathogenic strains are going to be detected. In this work, a universal pre-enrichment medium has been developed for the simultaneous growth of Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae family (38 species, 27 genera), Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. (two species, 13 strains). Growth confirmation for all these species was achieved in all cases, with excellent enrichments. This was confirmed by plating on the corresponding selective agar media for each bacterium. This GVUM universal pre-enrichment medium could be useful in food microbiological analyses, where different pathogenic bacteria must be detected after a pre-enrichment step. Following, a mPCR reaction for detection of all these pathogens was developed, after designing a set of nine oligonucleotide pairs from specific genetic targets on gDNA from each of these bacteria, covering all available strains already sequenced in GenBank for each pathogen type. The detection limits have been 1 Genome Equivalent (GE), with the exception of the Fam. Enterobacteriaceae (5 GEs). We obtained amplification for all targets (from 70 to 251 bp, depending on the bacteria type), showing the capability of this method to detect the most important industrial and sanitary food-borne pathogens from a universal pre-enrichment medium. This method includes an initial pre-enrichment step (18 h), followed by a mPCR (2 h) and a capillary electrophoresis (30 min); avoiding the tedious and long lasting growing on solid media required in traditional analysis (1–4 days, depending on the specific pathogen and verification procedure). An external testing of this method was conducted in order to compare classical and mPCR methods. This evaluation was carried out on five types of food matrices (meat, dairy products, prepared foods, canned fish, and pastry products), which were artificially contaminated with each one of the microorganisms, demonstrating the equivalence between both methods (coincidence percentages between both methods ranged from 78 to 92%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Villamizar-Rodríguez
- Research Unit "Biotechnology and Experimental Therapy Based in Nutraceuticals-BITTEN," Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Research Unit "Biotechnology and Experimental Therapy Based in Nutraceuticals-BITTEN," Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Marín
- Research Unit "Biotechnology and Experimental Therapy Based in Nutraceuticals-BITTEN," Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Muñiz
- Área de Microbiología, ALCE Calidad S.L. Llanera Llanera, Spain
| | - Isabel González
- Departamento I+D+i, Industrias Lácteas Asturianas, S.A. (Reny Picot) Navia, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Unit "Biotechnology and Experimental Therapy Based in Nutraceuticals-BITTEN," Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
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Wu W, Fang Z, Zhao S, Lu X, Yu L, Mei T, Zeng L. A simple aptamer biosensor for Salmonellae enteritidis based on fluorescence-switch signaling graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01901f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we report a rapid and cost-efficient assay for the detection of S. enteritidis using a specific aptamer, which can detect as low as 40 CFU mL−1 of S. enteritidis in 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shiming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xuewen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Luxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ting Mei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lingwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510530, China
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Soria MC, Soria MA, Bueno DJ, Terzolo HR. Comparison of 3 culture methods and PCR assays for Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum detection in poultry feed. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1505-15. [PMID: 23687146 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To detect Salmonella gallinarum or Salmonella pullorum in artificially contaminated poultry feed, 9 culture combinations were compared, including 3 preenrichment/enrichment methods (tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate/tetrathionate Hajna, tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate/selenite cystine broth, and Salmosyst) in combination with 3 selective agars (xylose lysine desoxicholate agar added with tergitol 4, EF-18, and Önöz), respectively. Additionally, a single PCR technique was applied combined with 2 different preenrichment media (tryptic soy broth plus ferrous sulfate and Salmosyst). The specificity and positive predictive value were 1 for all methods. There were some differences among Salmonella strains for sensitivity and accuracy in the culture and Salmosyst-PCR methods. The sensitivity and accuracy values were less than 0.60 and 0.64, respectively, whereas the negative predictive values were between 0.12 and 0.23. Two PCR methods did not show any difference in the parameters of performance evaluated. Kappa coefficients showed good agreement between both methods. None of the culture combinations was able to detect S. gallinarum or S. pullorum when the inoculum was less than 3 × 10² cfu/25 g, except the Salmosyst broth method, which could recover S. gallinarum from 3 × 10¹ cfu/25 g onward. Overall, there were differences in the detection limits among the strains and methods used. In general, the 3 selective plating media did not show any significant difference in the parameters of performance studied for each strain. On the other hand, the agreements were slight to fair when culture methods were compared among them and with both PCR methods. The differences in the detection levels that were obtained using these methods and the difficulty in detecting S. gallinarum or S. pullorum in feed represent a potential problem when a poultry feed sample is considered to be negative. It is highly recommended to use at least 2 methods to increase the chances of detecting S. gallinarum or S. pullorum in poultry feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecilia Soria
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Concepción del Uruguay, Casilla de Correo Nº6, 3260, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Chlamydophila in bald ibis (Geronticus eremita) feces in Turkey. J Zoo Wildl Med 2013; 44:21-6. [PMID: 23505699 DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Chlamydophila psittaci in fecal samples of bald ibises (Geronticus eremita) housed in a conservation facility in Turkey. A total of 82 fecal samples were collected from cages and evaluated by bacteriologic methods and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. and by PCR for C. psittaci. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 24 of 82 fecal samples (29.2%). Of these 18 (75%), 4 (16.7%) and 2 (8.3%) were Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and other Campylobacter spp., respectively. Salmonella spp. were detected in 8 fecal specimens.(9.7%) by PCR. The presence of C. psittaci was not detected in the bald ibises studied. The results suggested that the bald ibises in this present study might be at a higher risk of infection with Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp.
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Escherichia coli from cellulitis lesions in broilers. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-013-9138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ranjbar Malidareh N, Firouzi S, Ranjbar Malidareh N, Habibi H. In vitro and in vivo susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 22:1065-1068. [PMID: 24273481 PMCID: PMC3825484 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is the most important zoonotic disease, causing diarrhea and systemic infections. Due to poor management in antibiotic consumption, microbial resistance has increased in the treatment of zoonotic diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated from day-old broiler chickens which were referred to a private laboratory in Mazandaran—a province in the north of Iran—from 2008 to 2010. After harvesting the samples from the yolk sac, liver, and intestine of chickens, intestinal samples were transferred to selenite F and then incubated at 43 °C for 12–16 h. A loopful from selenite F and samples of liver and yolk sac were streaked on XLD and S.S agars. After incubation, the suspected colonies were inoculated into TSI agar for biochemical confirmation. The disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar was used to determine the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Because of the predominant use of enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine + trimethoprim, and flumequine for controlling Salmonella and Escherichia coli infections in the first week of broilers brooding in Iran, these three antibiotics were used in the in vivo study. From day 2 and continuing for 4 days, antibiotics were administrated in water, and after 10 days, samples from the liver, heart, and intestine were taken for isolation of Salmonella. In antimicrobial resistant tests, the most susceptible antibiotics were chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, and sulfadiazine + trimethoprim. The antimicrobial resistance to enrofloxacin, flumequine, colistin, and neomycin were 6.6, 11.6, 21.6, and 33.3 %, respectively. The results showed that 12 parties of broiler chickens were infected with paratyphoid salmonellae and the in vivo study showed that enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine + trimethoprim had the best and the weakest performance, respectively.
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Soria M, Soria M, Bueno D. Comparison of 2 culture methods and PCR assays for Salmonella detection in poultry feces. Poult Sci 2012; 91:616-26. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Cheung PY, Kam KM. Salmonella in food surveillance: PCR, immunoassays, and other rapid detection and quantification methods. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Ramya P, Madhavarao T, Rao L. Study on the incidence of Salmonella enteritidis in Poultry and meat Samples by Cultural and PCR Methods. Vet World 2012. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2012.541-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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23
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Castañeda-Ramírez C, Cortes-Rodríguez V, de la Fuente-Salcido N, Bideshi DK, del Rincón-Castro MC, Barboza-Corona JE. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from lettuce and evaluation of its susceptibility to novel bacteriocins of Bacillus thuringiensis and antibiotics. J Food Prot 2011; 74:274-8. [PMID: 21333148 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 13% of fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa) samples collected from markets and supermarkets in two cities of Mexico were contaminated with Salmonella spp. From those samples, amplicons of ∼300 base pairs (bp) were amplified, corresponding to the expected size of the invasion (invA) and internal transcribed spacer regions of the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of Salmonella spp. Additionally, Salmonella strains were isolated and harbored plasmids ranging from ∼9 to 16 kbp. From these strains, 91% were resistant to ampicillin and nitrofurantoin, whereas 55% were resistant to cephalothin and chloramphenicol. No resistance was detected to amikacin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, netilmicin, norfloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. When Salmonella isolates were tested against novel bacteriocins (morricin 269, kurstacin 287, kenyacin 404, entomocin 420, and tolworthcin 524) produced by five Mexican strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, 50% were susceptible to these antimicrobial peptides. This is the first report showing that Salmonella strains isolated from lettuce are susceptible to bacteriocins produced by the most important bioinsecticide worldwide, suggesting the potential use of these antibacterial peptides as therapeutic agents or food preservatives to reduce or destroy populations of Salmonella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Castañeda-Ramírez
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, 36500
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Jeyasekaran G, Raj KT, Shakila RJ, Thangarani AJ, Sukumar D, Jailani VAK. Rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serovars by multiplex PCR. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Temelli S, Kahya S, Eyigor A, Carli K. Incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken layer flocks in Turkey: Results by real-time polymerase chain reaction and International Organization for Standardization culture methods. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1406-10. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ahn YC, Cho MH, Yoon IK, Jung DH, Lee EY, Kim JH, Jang WC. Detection of Salmonella Using the Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Real-time PCR. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2010.54.02.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Joshi R, Janagama H, Dwivedi HP, Senthil Kumar TMA, Jaykus LA, Schefers J, Sreevatsan S. Selection, characterization, and application of DNA aptamers for the capture and detection of Salmonella enterica serovars. Mol Cell Probes 2008; 23:20-8. [PMID: 19049862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific pre-analytical sample processing methods are needed to enhance our ability to detect and quantify food borne pathogens from complex food and environmental samples. In this study, DNA aptamers were selected and evaluated for the capture and detection of Salmonella enterica serovar. Typhimurium. A total of 66 candidate sequences were enriched against S. Typhimurium outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with counter-selection against Escherichia coli OMPs and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Specificity of the selected aptamers was evaluated by gel-shift analysis against S. Typhimurium OMP. Five Salmonella-specific aptamer candidates were selected for further characterization. A dilution-to-extinction capture protocol using pure cultures of S. Typhimurium further narrowed the field to two candidates (aptamers 33 and 45) which showed low-end detection limits of 10-40CFU. DNase protection assays applied to these aptamers confirmed sequence-specific binding to S. Typhimurium OMP preparations, while South-Western blot analysis combined with mass spectrometry identified putative membrane proteins as targets for aptamer binding. Aptamer 33 was bound to magnetic beads and used for the capture of S. Typhimurium seeded into whole carcass chicken rinse samples, followed by detection using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In a pull-down assay format, detection limits were 10(1)-10(2)CFU S. Typhimurium/9mL rinsate, while in a recirculation format, detection limits were 10(2)-10(3)CFU/25mL rinsate. Reproducible detection at <10(1)S. typhimurium CFU/g was also achieved in spike-and-recovery experiments using bovine feces. The pull-down analysis using aptamer 33 was validated on 3 naturally infected chicken litter samples confirming their applicability in the field. This study demonstrates the applicability of Salmonella specific aptamers for pre-analytical sample processing as applied to food and environmental sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Joshi
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
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Sareyyüpoğlu B, Ok AÇ, Cantekin Z, Yardımcı H, Akan M, Akçay A. Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Salmonella spp. in Fecal Samples of Pet Birds. Avian Dis 2008; 52:163-7. [DOI: 10.1637/8052-070507-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kobayashi H, Kanazaki M, Shimizu Y, Nakajima H, Khatun MM, Hata E, Kubo M. Salmonella isolates from cloacal swabs and footpads of wild birds in the immediate environment of Tokyo Bay. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:309-11. [PMID: 17409651 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 328 cloacal swabs and 163 footpads of wild birds were investigated for the presence of salmonellae. All 19 isolates from cloacal swabs were serotyped as Salmonella Typhimurium susceptible to all five conventional antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, oxytetracycline and nalidixic acid) tested. In contrast, 15 salmonellae isolated from footpads included S. Muenhen, S. Virchow, S. Bareily and S. Bovismorbificans, including S. Typhimurium; these non-Salmonella Typhimurium isolates showed multiple drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kobayashi
- Epidemiology Research Team, National Institute of Animal Health, Ibaraki, Japan
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Singh B, Babu N, Jyoti J, Shankar H, Vijo T, Agrawal R, Chandra M, Kumar D, Teewari A. Prevalence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Salmonella in Equids Maintained by Low Income Individuals and on Designated Equine Farms in India. J Equine Vet Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gunaydin E, Eyigor A, Carli KT. A capillary polymerase chain reaction for Salmonella detection from poultry meat. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 44:24-9. [PMID: 17209810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.02033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, a capillary polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) was applied for Salmonella detection from poultry meat. METHODS AND RESULTS Salmonella detection limits of the optimized cPCR were determined with DNA templates from the samples of tetrathionate broth (TTB), Rappaport Vassiliadis broth (RVB) and selenite cystine broth (SCB) artificially contaminated with 10-fold dilutions of 6 x 10(8) CFU ml(-1) of pure Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Enteritidis 64K stock culture. Detection limits of cPCR from TTB, RVB and SCB were found as 6, 6 x 10(1) and 6 x 10(4) CFU ml(-1), respectively. In addition, detection limits of bacteriology were also determined as 6 CFU ml(-1) with TTB and SCB, and 6 x 10(1) CFU ml(-1) with RVB. A total of 200 samples, consisting of 100 chicken and 100 turkey meat samples, were tested with optimized cPCR and bacteriology. Eight and six per cent of the chicken meat samples were found to harbour Salmonella by cPCR and standard bacteriology, respectively. Of six Salmonella isolates, four belonged to serogroup D, two to serogroup B. CONCLUSIONS The TTB cultures of both artificially and naturally contaminated samples were found to be superior to those of RVB and SCB cultures in their cPCR results. This cPCR, utilizing template from 18-h TTB primary enrichment broth culture, takes approximately 40 min in the successful detection of Salmonella from poultry meat. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that cPCR from TTB enrichment culture of poultry meat would enable rapid detection of Salmonella in laboratories with low sample throughput and limited budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gunaydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Eyigor A, Goncagul G, Gunaydin E, Carli KT. Salmonella profile in chickens determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and bacteriology from years 2000 to 2003 in Turkey. Avian Pathol 2005; 34:101-5. [PMID: 16191689 DOI: 10.1080/03079450500059461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
From years 2000 to 2003, Salmonella was investigated from a total of 1785 samples comprised of chicken intestinal samples, cloacal swabs, drag swabs, litter samples and chick dust samples collected from 191 poultry breeding flocks belonging to 15 different chicken breeding stock companies in the Marmara region, Turkey by a SYBR green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (SGBRT-PCR), by a probe-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PSRT-PCR) and by standardized bacteriology as described in the manual of National Poultry Improvement Plan and Auxillary Provisions, United States Department of Agriculture. Between January 2000 and July 2001, Salmonella was detected at the rates of 5.87% and 4.10% out of a total of 1242 samples by SGBRT-PCR and bacteriology, respectively. From July 2001 until December 2003, Salmonella was found at rates of 11.42% and 5.52% from a total of 543 samples by PSRT-PCR and bacteriology, respectively. The dominant Salmonella serovar was determined as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis), while serogroup C1 and C2 in 2001 and serogroup E1 in 2002 were isolated as additional serovars. As a conclusion, S. Enteritidis seems to be the major problem in poultry breeding flocks in Turkey, and both of the real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were found more sensitive than standard bacteriology for the detection of Salmonella from poultry samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Eyigor
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Uludag University, Gorukle Kampusu, Bursa, Turkey
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Charlton BR, Walker RL, Kinde BH, Bauer CR, Channing-Santiago SE, Farver TB. Comparison of a Salmonella Enteritidis-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay to Delayed Secondary Enrichment Culture for the Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Environmental Drag Swab Samples. Avian Dis 2005; 49:418-22. [PMID: 16252498 DOI: 10.1637/7283-092404r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The California Egg Quality Assurance Program uses the delayed secondary enrichment culture method for detecting Salmonella Enteritidis in environmental drag swabs obtained from commercial layer complexes. The turnaround time for this method is variable and is dependent on the prevalence of Salmonella, level of the Salmonella identification, and capabilities of the performing laboratory. On a sample basis, a range of 4 to 8 days is required to identify a Salmonella sp. to the serogroup level. Additional time is required to serotype group D Salmonella isolates. A Salmonella Enteritidis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for use on drag swabs and chick box papers, and had a turnaround time of 3-4 days. The delayed secondary enrichment culture method and the Salmonella Enteritidis-specific PCR assay were compared on 942 drag swab and 85 chick box paper samples submitted from 217 and 22 premises, respectively, as part of the California Egg Quality Assurance Program. The PCR assay identified 43 positive Salmonella Enteritidis samples from 22 premises, whereas the culture method identified 24 group D Salmonella-positive samples from 16 premises. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the proportion of positive samples as determined by the two assays. Complete serotyping of the group D Salmonella-positive cultures confirmed Salmonella Enteritidis in all but one sample that was identified as Salmonella Jamaica and was negative by the PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Charlton
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System-Turlock Branch, University of California, Davis, P.O. Box 1522, Turlock, CA 95381, USA
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Nam HM, Srinivasan V, Gillespie BE, Murinda SE, Oliver SP. Application of SYBR green real-time PCR assay for specific detection of Salmonella spp. in dairy farm environmental samples. Int J Food Microbiol 2005; 102:161-71. [PMID: 15913820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Revised: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a SYBR Green 1 real-time PCR method for the specific detection of Salmonella spp. in dairy farm environmental samples. Previously reported 119-bp invA gene was selected for specificity, and 124 Salmonella spp. including type strains and 116 non-Salmonella strains were evaluated. All Salmonella strains tested were invA-positive and all non-salmonella strains yielded no amplification products. The melting temperature (Tm=79 degrees C) was consistently specific for the amplicon. Correlation coefficients of standard curves constructed using the threshold cycle (C(T)) versus copy numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis showed good linearity in broth (R2=0.994; slope=3.256) and sterilized milk (R2=0.988; slope=3.247), and the minimum levels of detection were >10(2) and >10(3) colony forming units (CFU)/ml, respectively. To validate the real-time PCR assay, an experiment was conducted with both spiked and naturally contaminated samples. Lagoon water, feed/silage, bedding soil, and bulk tank milk samples obtained from dairy farms were spiked with 10(0) to 10(5) CFU/ml of Salmonella Enteritidis. Sensitivities for detecting Salmonella in these sources were 10(3) to 10(4) CFU/ml of inoculums in broth without enrichment. Detection limits were reduced to <10 CFU/ml of inoculum in broth after 18 h enrichment. Ninety-three environmental samples including fecal slurry, feed/silage, lagoon water, drinking water, bulk tank milk, farm soil, and bedding soil were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella by real-time PCR, results were compared with those obtained by conventional culture methods. All samples analyzed were negative for Salmonella by both real-time PCR and standard culture method. No false positive or false negative results were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Mi Nam
- Food Safety Center of Excellence and Department of Animal Science, 59 McCord Hall, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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van Nierop W, Dusé AG, Marais E, Aithma N, Thothobolo N, Kassel M, Stewart R, Potgieter A, Fernandes B, Galpin JS, Bloomfield SF. Contamination of chicken carcasses in Gauteng, South Africa, by Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter. Int J Food Microbiol 2005; 99:1-6. [PMID: 15718024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2003] [Revised: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 06/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the foodborne pathogens, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp., on 99 fresh and frozen chicken carcasses sourced from various retailers in Gauteng, South Africa, was investigated. Using culture methods, 60.6% of the carcasses were found to be contaminated with one or more pathogens, with 19.2%, 19.2% and 32.3% of the carcasses being found to harbour Salmonella, L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter, respectively. The extent of contamination with one or more pathogens was not significantly different (p>0.1) between fresh or frozen samples or between samples from butcheries, supermarkets or street vendors. Significantly more (p<0.1) fresh carcasses from butcheries than from other outlets were contaminated with Salmonella, while more fresh carcasses from supermarkets were contaminated with Campylobacter. The proportion of carcasses with L. monocytogenes from all sources were similar. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results indicate an even higher extent of pathogen contamination, but the PCR techniques need to be further refined before they can be used routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- W van Nierop
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School and National Health Laboratory Services, P.O. Box 2115, Houghton 2041, South Africa
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36
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Cheung PY, Chan CW, Wong W, Cheung TL, Kam KM. Evaluation of two real-time polymerase chain reaction pathogen detection kits for Salmonella spp. in food. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 39:509-15. [PMID: 15548303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the LightCycler Salmonella Detection Kit and the TaqMan Salmonella Gold Detection and Quantitation Kit for the real-time PCR detection of Salmonella in various food samples. METHODS AND RESULTS Ready-to-eat foods and raw food samples were artificially contaminated with Salmonella serotypes. In the specificity test, bacterial DNA extracted from sample pre-enrichment culture was analysed with the detection kits performed respectively on the LightCycler Instrument or the ABI Prism 7000 Sequence Detection System. No false-positive or false-negative results were obtained, although the LightCycler system generated invalid PCR results on two occasions. In the sensitivity test using the LightCycler system, Salmonella could be detected in pre-enrichment cultures of 25-g samples inoculated with as low as 1.5 x 10(3) CFU (depending on food type), and false-negative results were obtained for samples with low inoculum levels. CONCLUSIONS Two commercial kits for real-time PCR detection of Salmonella were evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Evaluation using more food types and matrices, and foods that contain low number of Salmonella or high number of other competing bacteria, is needed before adopting the real-time PCR technique for routine food tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Cheung
- Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Laboratory Centre, Hong Kong, China.
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Sánchez-Jiménez MM, Cardona-Castro N. Validation of a PCR for diagnosis of typhoid fever and salmonellosis by amplification of the hilA gene in clinical samples from Colombian patients. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:875-878. [PMID: 15314194 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Validation of a PCR test to detect hilA gene sequences of Salmonella spp. was performed in blood and faeces samples from typhoid fever and salmonellosis patients. Sensitivity (S), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the PCR in blood samples were performed by testing: 37 patients with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever, 34 of them confirmed by isolation of S. Typhi from blood cultures; 35 patients infected with other pathogens corroborated by blood culture (Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9; Serratia marcescens, 5; Escherichia coli, 4; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 9; Providencia alcalifaciens, 4 and Enterobacter cloacae, 4) and blood samples from 150 healthy volunteers. To evaluate S, SP, PPV and NPV of the PCR in faeces samples we studied: 34 patients with enteritis due Salmonella spp. (S. Typhimurium, 21; S. Enteritidis, 9; S. Choleraesuis, 3 and S. Agona, 1); faeces samples from 35 patients with enteric infection due to Shigella sonnei (8), Shigella flexneri (10), enteropathogenic E. coli (12), Aeromonas hydrophila (5) and faeces samples from 150 healthy volunteers. The S, SP, PPV and NPV of the PCR in blood samples were all 100 %. PCR detected three patients with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever and negative blood cultures. In faeces samples, S was 97 %, SP 100 %, PPV 100 % and NPV 99 %. The lowest number of c.f.u. ml(-1) detected by PCR in blood samples was 1 x 10(1) and in faeces samples 4 x 10(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Sánchez-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Cra 43a No. 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Colombia 2Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia Programa de Maestría Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Colombia 3Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nora Cardona-Castro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Cra 43a No. 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Colombia 2Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia Programa de Maestría Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Colombia 3Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud CES, Medellín, Colombia
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Riyaz-Ul-Hassan S, Verma V, Qazi GN. Rapid detection of Salmonella by polymerase chain reaction. Mol Cell Probes 2004; 18:333-9. [PMID: 15294322 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterotoxin gene (stn) was sequenced from Salmonella enterica serotypes: Typhimurium, Typhi, Paratyphi A and B. The sequences from all the four serotypes showed complete homology with the already reported stn gene sequence of the serotype Typhimurium. As a tool for detection of this organism, four pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify different fragments of this important pathological marker. The protocols were standardized with serotype Typhimurium in such a way so as to complete the PCR reaction in 75-90 min. These primers were found to generate specific amplicons with all the serotypes of Salmonella tested. The PCR protocols were found to be highly specific as no amplifications, specific or non-specific, were found when reactions were run using non-Salmonella DNA as template. The employment of a nested PCR markedly increased the sensitivity of the assay system in natural water samples. The protocol described herein is highly sensitive as it detects less than 10 cells of Salmonella in 250 microl of blood and approx. 1 cell in 1 ml of water without any enrichment. For the validation of this protocol, 72 coded samples of 11% skimmed milk spiked with different pathogens were received from NICED, Kolkata and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella. Our procedures detected correctly the presence of Salmonella in nine samples. 50 samples of raw milk were subjected to this PCR after enrichment for 8 h and 6 samples were found positive for Salmonella. The study indicates that Salmonella enterotoxin (stn) gene is highly conserved and the protocol devised in this study can be used as rapid and reliable method for detection of Salmonella spp. in water, milk and blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Riyaz-Ul-Hassan
- Biotechnology Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, India
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Carli KT, Eyigor A. Real-time polymerase chain reaction for Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chicken trachea. Avian Dis 2004; 47:712-7. [PMID: 14562901 DOI: 10.1637/6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a rapid detection procedure for Mycoplasma gallisepticum from chicken tracheal swabs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by LightCycler system, where we were able to monitor the amplification of the newly synthesized M. gallisepticum-specific PCR product as a proportionally increasing fluorescent signal by using the double-stranded DNA binding dye SYBR Green I and have identified M. gallisepticum-specific PCR products by DNA melting curve analysis by plotting the first negative derivative (-d[F1]dT) of fluorescence over temperature. Detection limits of the PCR were found to be 3 and 3000 colony-forming units ml(-1) with pure culture of M. gallisepticum and artificially spiked samples, respectively. Out of 96 tracheal swabs, 68 were taken from live chickens and 28 were taken by scraping the mucosal surface of the trachea (SMST) of necropsied chickens. All of the 18 PCR-positive results were from the swabs taken by the SMST method, whereas all of the samples taken from live chickens were negative. Thus, the PCR with the SMST method had a sensitivity and a specificity of 64.2% (18 of 28 chickens) and 100%, respectively. The total time required for template preparation from tracheal swab samples and real-time PCR was approximately 65 min. These results indicate that real-time PCR with the LightCycler technology is a rapid and sensitive test to identify M. gallisepticum-infected flocks if a proper sampling is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tayfun Carli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle Kampusu, 16384 Bursa, Turkey
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Taitt CR, Shubin YS, Angel R, Ligler FS. Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by using a rapid, array-based immunosensor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:152-8. [PMID: 14711637 PMCID: PMC321280 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.1.152-158.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The multianalyte array biosensor (MAAB) is a rapid analysis instrument capable of detecting multiple analytes simultaneously. Rapid (15-min), single-analyte sandwich immunoassays were developed for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, with a detection limit of 8 x 10(4) CFU/ml; the limit of detection was improved 10-fold by lengthening the assay protocol to 1 h. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was also detected in the following spiked foodstuffs, with minimal sample preparation: sausage, cantaloupe, whole liquid egg, alfalfa sprouts, and chicken carcass rinse. Cross-reactivity tests were performed with Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni. To determine whether the MAAB has potential as a screening tool for the diagnosis of asymptomatic Salmonella infection of poultry, chicken excretal samples from a private, noncommercial farm and from university poultry facilities were tested. While the private farm excreta gave rise to signals significantly above the buffer blanks, none of the university samples tested positive for S. enterica serovar Typhimurium without spiking; dose-response curves of spiked excretal samples from university-raised poultry gave limits of detection of 8 x 10(3) CFU/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rowe Taitt
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
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Valdivieso-Garcia A, Desruisseau A, Riche E, Fukuda S, Tatsumi H. Evaluation of a 24-hour bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for the rapid detection of Salmonella in chicken carcass rinses. J Food Prot 2003; 66:1996-2004. [PMID: 14627274 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-66.11.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BEIA), using Salmonella-specific monoclonal antibody M183 for capture and biotinylated monoclonal antibody M183 for detection, was developed with InteLite AB streptavidin-biotinylated firefly luciferase complex as a reporter. Salmonella cultures were preenriched in buffered peptone water with shaking for 6 h at 37 degrees C and then selectively enriched in Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate (MKTT) broth and modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) medium for 16 h at 42 degrees C. After enrichment, the total test time for the BEIA was 1.5 h. The analytical sensitivity of the BEIA ranged from 6.0 x 10(2) CFU/ml to 1.2 x 10(5) CFU/ml in MKTT and from 1.4 x 10(5) to 2.3 x 10(6) CFU/ml in MSRV using six Salmonella serovars prevalent in Canada. With enrichment cultures, the BEIA detected 1 CFU of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis in 25 ml of chicken rinses. Representative strains of 10 Salmonella serovars were detected, and cross-reactivity was not observed with 25 non-Salmonella foodborne bacteria. The BEIA performance was assessed by testing 420 poultry samples, which were analyzed in parallel with the standard MSRV culture method. The BEIA detected 117 (27.88%) Salmonella-positive samples, whereas the standard MSRV culture method detected 124 (29.5%). The BEIA had a sensitivity of 64.5% and a specificity of 87.5% compared to the standard MSRV culture method. However, similar specificities and sensitivities were obtained when the standard MSRV culture method was compared to the BEIA (sensitivity = 68.4% and specificity = 85.5%). Neither method detected 100% of the Salmonella found in the samples tested, and statistical analyses indicated no significant difference between the two methods. In summary, the BEIA offers another alternative for the detection of Salmonella, with the additional advantage of providing a 24-h test for detecting Salmonella in chicken carcass rinses. The results obtained in this research indicate that tests are still needed for the isolation and detection of Salmonella that will establish the true prevalence of Salmonella in chicken samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valdivieso-Garcia
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada, 110 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 3W4.
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Oliveira SD, Rodenbusch CR, Cé MC, Rocha SLS, Canal CW. Evaluation of selective and non-selective enrichment PCR procedures for Salmonella detection. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 36:217-21. [PMID: 12641714 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare PCR combined with enrichment media with the standard microbiological techniques (SMT) and to determine the most sensitive method for the detection of Salmonella and the identification of Salm. typhimurium (ST), Salm. enteritidis (SE), Salm. gallinarum (SG) and Salm. pullorum (SP). METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 87 samples from poultry using PCR and SMT, PCR being performed from non-selective (NS) and Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) media. PCR-NS was less sensitive than PCR-RV and SMT for the detection and identification of Salmonella. PCR-RV detected more positive samples of Salmonella sp. than SMT but both these methods showed similar sensitivity regarding the identification of Salmonella serovars. CONCLUSIONS PCR-RV was more sensitive and decreased the time necessary to detect and identify Salmonella. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PCR-RV is a powerful tool for the rapid and accurate detection and identification of Salmonella and can be implemented in diagnostic and food analysis laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Oliveira
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Eyigor A, Carli KT. Rapid detection of Salmonella from poultry by real-time polymerase chain reaction with fluorescent hybridization probes. Avian Dis 2003; 47:380-6. [PMID: 12887197 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2003)047[0380:rdosfp]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Detection of Salmonella by bacteriologic methods is known to be time consuming. Therefore, we have developed a real-time probe-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to rapidly detect Salmonella invA gene-based PCR products from chicken feces and carcasses by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. The sensitivity and the specificity of this system were determined as 3 colony-forming units ml(-1) and 100%, respectively. Overnight tetrathionate broth enrichment cultures of chicken feces and carcass samples were used in template preparation for PCR. Also, a standard bacteriology was performed (National Poultry Improvement Plan-U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bacteriological Analytical Manual-Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition) for confirmation. Seventy-two cloacal swab, 147 intestine, and 50 carcass (neck) samples were examined. Thirteen (8.8%) and 25 (17%) of the intestinal samples were found to harbor Salmonella by bacteriology and PCR, respectively. Forty-five of 50 (90%) carcass samples were Salmonella positive by both methods. Salmonella was not detected from cloacal swab samples. Results indicate that this assay has the potential for use in routine monitoring and detection of Salmonella in infected flocks and carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Eyigor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA
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Liu T, Liljebjelke K, Bartlett E, Hofacre C, Sanchez S, Maurer JJ. Application of nested polymerase chain reaction to detection of Salmonella in poultry environment. J Food Prot 2002; 65:1227-32. [PMID: 12182472 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-65.8.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of Salmonella from environmental and processing-plant poultry samples requires the sampling of large numbers of areas within the poultry house or plant. Subsequently, the required number of samples necessitates a large volume of work for a microbiology laboratory, especially when the protocol requires the inclusion of a delayed secondary enrichment for the isolation of Salmonella. This study examined the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify those secondary enrichments containing Salmonella. The unique Salmonella virulence gene invA was chosen as the target for the development of a nested PCR because of its uniform distribution among Salmonella serotypes. The use of nested PCR primers increased the sensitivity of detection 100-fold, resulting in the detection of as few as four cells. There was a strong, statistically significant positive correlation between PCR and culture results as determined by chi-square (P < 0.001) and kappa (kappa = 0.915; excellent agreement) tests. Using PCR to screen primary enrichments for presumptive Salmonella contamination, we improved our efficiency at isolating Salmonella upon secondary enrichment by 20%, and no false negatives were observed. This method will not only validate the use of secondary enrichment procedures but also reduce costs and manpower required for the surveillance of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongrui Liu
- Department of Avian Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Eyigor A, Carli KT, Unal CB. Implementation of real-time PCR to tetrathionate broth enrichment step of Salmonella detection in poultry. Lett Appl Microbiol 2002; 34:37-41. [PMID: 11849490 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study describes the implementation of real-time PCR to tetrathionate broth enrichment step of Salmonella detection in poultry. METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time PCR with Salmonella invA-specific primers and a standard bacteriological method was applied to detect Salmonella in tetrathionate enrichment cultures of 492 intestinal homogenates and 27 drag swabs from 47 poultry flocks. The number of positive individual samples by real-time PCR and culture method was 65 (12.5%) and 35 (6.8%), respectively. The number of Salmonella-positive flocks was 13 (27.7%) by both methods. PCR detection required 25 min for up to 32 samples. Melting curve analysis revealed the Tm for Salmonella-specific PCR product as 87 +/- 1 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of real-time PCR to tetrathionate broth enrichment step reduces the Salmonella detection time to 18 h and 25 min. Isolation of Salmonella should be carried out with PCR to determine the serovar. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Real-time PCR is a powerful tool in rapid and accurate Salmonella monitoring in poultry companies, together with standard bacteriology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eyigor
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle Kampusu, 16043 Bursa, Turkey
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