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Zhang MM, Melton TA, Akhtar H, Shah A, Schuetz AN, Clement J, Stevens RW. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter fetus: report from a reference laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0144723. [PMID: 38421164 PMCID: PMC11005329 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01447-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is known to cause human disease, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised hosts. There are limited published data for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with this organism, and no interpretive criteria are available. We reviewed antimicrobial susceptibilities of C. fetus isolates tested at a tertiary care center and reference laboratory over an 11-year period. C. fetus isolates from patients treated at Mayo Clinic and those sent as referrals for identification and susceptibility were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using agar dilution for ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, meropenem, and tetracycline. Geographic distribution, culture source, organism minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions, and MIC50 and MIC90 were examined. Excluding duplicates, 105 unique isolates were identified from 110 positive cultures. Blood cultures represented the most common source, followed by body fluids, skin and soft tissue, and central nervous system. Gentamicin and meropenem had favorable MIC50 and MIC90 of 1 µg/mL. Ciprofloxacin demonstrated an MIC50 of 1 µg/mL; however, the MIC90 was >2 µg/mL. Erythromycin demonstrated MIC50 and MIC90 of 2 µg/mL. Tetracycline and doxycycline were tested on a limited number of isolates and showed a wide range of MICs. Gentamicin and meropenem demonstrated favorable MICs in C. fetus isolates. These may represent therapeutic options for consideration in serious C. fetus infections, pending susceptibility results. Ciprofloxacin, which showed variable results, may be more appropriate for use only after susceptibility testing. C. fetus interpretive criteria are needed to aid clinicians in selection of both empiric and definitive therapies. IMPORTANCE Our findings contribute to the scant literature on Campylobacter fetus antimicrobial susceptibility test results. We used a reference test method of agar dilution and provide MICs for a large number of organisms and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming May Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tanner A. Melton
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haris Akhtar
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aditya Shah
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Audrey N. Schuetz
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Josh Clement
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan W. Stevens
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Azar SS, Simeone FJ, Jarolimova J, Nussbaum EZ. Case 37-2023: A 29-Year-Old Man with Sickle Cell Disease and Right Hip Pain. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:2088-2096. [PMID: 38048191 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc2309497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharl S Azar
- From the Departments of Medicine (S.S.A., J.J.), Radiology (F.J.S.), and Pathology (E.Z.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (S.S.A., J.J.), Radiology (F.J.S.), and Pathology (E.Z.N.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - F Joseph Simeone
- From the Departments of Medicine (S.S.A., J.J.), Radiology (F.J.S.), and Pathology (E.Z.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (S.S.A., J.J.), Radiology (F.J.S.), and Pathology (E.Z.N.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Jana Jarolimova
- From the Departments of Medicine (S.S.A., J.J.), Radiology (F.J.S.), and Pathology (E.Z.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (S.S.A., J.J.), Radiology (F.J.S.), and Pathology (E.Z.N.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - E Zachary Nussbaum
- From the Departments of Medicine (S.S.A., J.J.), Radiology (F.J.S.), and Pathology (E.Z.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (S.S.A., J.J.), Radiology (F.J.S.), and Pathology (E.Z.N.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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3
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Grouteau G, Mignonat C, Marchou B, Martin-Blondel G, Glass O, Roubaud-Baudron C, Lansalot-Matras P, Alik S, Balardy L, De Nadaï T, Bénéjat L, Jehanne Q, Le Coustumier A, Lehours P. Campylobacter fetus foodborne illness outbreak in the elderly. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1194243. [PMID: 37485516 PMCID: PMC10361658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In June 2021, a cluster of seven cases of Campylobacter fetus infections occurred in a rehabilitation center and caused significant morbidity in elderly patients including five with bacteremia and two with osteoarticular medical device infections. The genetic identity identified by whole genome sequencing of the different Campylobacter fetus strains confirms a common source. This foodborne illness outbreak may have resulted from the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, such as a cow's raw milk cheese resulting from a farm-to-fork strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Grouteau
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Tarbes-Lourdes, Lourdes, France
| | - Cédric Mignonat
- Rehabilitation Center, L'Arbizon, Bagnères de Bigorre, France
| | - Bruno Marchou
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Tarbes-Lourdes, Lourdes, France
| | - Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291—CNRS UMR5051—Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Glass
- Cellule de veille d'alerte et de gestion sanitaire, Agence Régionale de Santé Occitanie, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Roubaud-Baudron
- Pôle de Gérontologie Clinique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Lansalot-Matras
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Tarbes-Lourdes, Lourdes, France
| | - Simon Alik
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Tarbes-Lourdes, Lourdes, France
| | | | | | - Lucie Bénéjat
- National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bacteriology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Quentin Jehanne
- National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bacteriology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Philippe Lehours
- Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bacteriology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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4
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van der Graaf-van Bloois L, Duim B, Looft T, Veldman KT, Zomer AL, Wagenaar JA. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter fetus: emergence and genomic evolution. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 36862577 PMCID: PMC10132061 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a pathogen, which is primarily associated with fertility problems in sheep and cattle. In humans, it can cause severe infections that require antimicrobial treatment. However, knowledge on the development of antimicrobial resistance in C. fetus is limited. Moreover, the lack of epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and clinical breakpoints for C. fetus hinders consistent reporting about wild-type and non-wild-type susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic susceptibility pattern of C. fetus and to determine the C. fetus resistome [the collection of all antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their precursors] to describe the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in C. fetus isolates over time. Whole-genome sequences of 295 C. fetus isolates, including isolates that were isolated in the period 1939 till the mid 1940s, before the usage of non-synthetic antimicrobials, were analysed for the presence of resistance markers, and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was obtained for a selection of 47 isolates. C. fetus subspecies fetus (Cff) isolates showed multiple phenotypic antimicrobial resistances compared to C. fetus subspecies venerealis (Cfv) isolates that were only intrinsic resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. Cff isolates showed elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations for cefotaxime and cefquinome that were observed in isolates from 1943 onwards, and Cff isolates contained gyrA substitutions, which conferred resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistances to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and phenicols were linked to acquired ARGs on mobile genetic elements. A plasmid-derived tet(O) gene in a bovine Cff isolate in 1999 was the first mobile genetic element observed, followed by detection of mobile elements containing tet(O)-aph(3')-III and tet(44)-ant(6)-Ib genes, and a plasmid from a single human isolate in 2003, carrying aph(3')-III-ant(6)-Ib and a chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat). The presence of ARGs in multiple mobile elements distributed among different Cff lineages highlights the risk for spread and further emergence of AMR in C. fetus. Surveillance for these resistances requires the establishment of ECOFFs for C. fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective / WOAH Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht/Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective / WOAH Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht/Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Torey Looft
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kees T Veldman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective / WOAH Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht/Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective / WOAH Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht/Lelystad, Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
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5
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Campylobacter fetus Cellulitis. Cureus 2023; 15:e35328. [PMID: 36846634 PMCID: PMC9946759 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus, a bacteria of the Campylobacter genus that are a group of bacteria known to cause intestinal infections, is a particular microbial agent due to its most common presentation being as a non-intestinal systemic infection and rarely as a focal infection, most frequently cellulitis. C. fetus's main reservoirs are cattle and sheep. Humans are usually infected by consuming raw milk and/or meat. Infection in humans is rare and generally related to immune deficiencies, malignancy, chronic liver disease, diabetes mellitus and elderly age, among other factors. Diagnosis is usually achieved by blood cultures due to the lack of focalized signs/symptoms and the pathogen's endovascular tropism. The authors present a case of cellulitis due to Campylobacter fetus, a microbial agent that affects susceptible patients with a mortality rate of up to 14%. We aim to emphasize the importance of potential bacterial seeding sites secondary to bacteremia given the agent tropism for vascular tissue. The medical diagnosis was performed by the identification of bacteria in blood cultures. Campylobacter spp. infections are more frequently related to undercooked poultry or meat, but in this case, the consumption of fresh cheese was considered the most likely source of infection. A literature review showed that, in patients with previous antibiotic cycles, a combination of carbapenem and gentamicin had better outcomes and lower relapse rates. Due to typical surface antigenic variation, immune control may not be attainable and may account for relapsing infections, even after appropriate therapy. The duration of treatment has yet to be well established. Based on other reported cases, we considered a four-week treatment to be sufficient, given clinical improvement and absence of recurrence in the follow-up time.
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6
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Ntivuguruzwa JB, Kolo FB, Mwikarago EI, vanHeerden H. Characterization of Brucella spp. and other abortigenic pathogens from aborted tissues of cattle and goats in Rwanda. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1655-1663. [PMID: 35420251 PMCID: PMC9297783 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abortions cause tremendous economic losses in food‐producing animals and may lead to food insecurity. Objectives This study aimed to characterize Brucella spp. and other abortigenic pathogens from aborted tissues of cattle. Methods For cattle, aborted tissues (n = 19) were cultured, and Brucella spp. were detected using the genus‐specific 16S‐23S ribosomal DNA interspacer region (ITS) assay and speciated using Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis (AMOS) and Bruce‐ladder PCR assays. Brucella negative samples were screened using the eight abortigenic pathogens PCR panel. Samples from an abortion outbreak that occurred within a goat tribe were included in this investigation. Sera of females (n = 8) and males (n = 2) were analyzed using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (i‐ELISA), while vaginal swabs (n = 3) and aborted tissues (n = 1) were cultured and characterized. Results The ITS‐PCR detected Brucella DNA in cultures from two aborted tissues of cattle (10.5%, [2/19]), which were identified as B. melitensis (n = 1), and B. abortus (n = 1) using AMOS and Bruce‐ladder PCR assays. Campylobacter fetus (n = 7) and Leptospira spp. (n = 4) including co‐infections (n = 2) of C. fetus and Leptospira spp. were identified from the Brucella negative samples of cattle. Goats (100.0%, 10/10) were brucellosis seropositive on RBT and i‐ELISA. Mixed infections caused by B. melitensis and B. abortus were isolated from the vaginal swabs (n = 3) and aborted tissues (n = 1). Discussion and conclusions This is the first identification of abortion‐associated pathogens in aborted cattle indicating the enormous financial losses and a threat to public health. It is therefore essential to include these identified pathogens in the surveillance scheme of veterinary and human services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bosco Ntivuguruzwa
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Francis Babaman Kolo
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Emil Ivan Mwikarago
- Department of Human Medicine and Device assessment and Registration, Rwanda Food and Drug Administration, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Henriette vanHeerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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7
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Dorsch MA, Casaux ML, Calleros L, Aráoz V, Caffarena RD, Monesiglio C, Barcellos M, da Silva Silveira C, Perdomo Y, Banchero G, Uzal FA, Fraga M, Giannitti F. Placentitis and abortion caused by a multidrug resistant strain of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus in a sheep in Uruguay. Rev Argent Microbiol 2022; 54:25-30. [PMID: 33875294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetusfetus (Cff) is a major infectious cause of abortion in sheep worldwide, and an opportunistic human pathogen. Information on Cff as an ovine abortifacient in South America is limited. We describe a case of abortion caused by a multidrug resistant strain of Cff in a sheep in Uruguay. In August 2017, 3/57 pregnant ewes (5.3%) aborted whithin one week. Histopathologic examination of the placenta of an aborted ewe revealed severe neutrophilic and fibrinonecrotizing placentitis with vasculitis and thrombosis of the chorionic arterioles. Cff was isolated on microaerobic culture in Skirrow agar, and further confirmed by 16S rDNA PCR amplification and sequencing, and endpoint and real time PCR assays. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed resistance to tetracyclines, nalidixic acid, telithromycin and clindamycin. Other abortifacients were not detected. Further studies are necessary to determine the geographic distribution, ecology, epidemiology, economic impact, and antimicrobial resistance of Cff in sheep flocks in Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías A Dorsch
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - María L Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Virginia Aráoz
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Rubén D Caffarena
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay; Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Monesiglio
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Maila Barcellos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Caroline da Silva Silveira
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Yisell Perdomo
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Georgget Banchero
- Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción de Carne y Lana, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS), San Bernardino Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 50 Km 11, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay.
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8
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Lynch CT, Buttimer C, Epping L, O'Connor J, Walsh N, McCarthy C, O'Brien D, Vaughan C, Semmler T, Bolton D, Coffey A, Lucey B. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of two Campylobacter fetus isolates from a patient with relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6486444. [PMID: 34962980 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal and systemic disease in humans and are well established veterinary and economic pathogens. We report the complete genomic sequences of two C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) isolates recovered in 2017 (CITCf01) and 2018 (CITCf02) from a case of recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis. Both were capable of growth aerobically. Their genomes were found to be highly conserved and syntenic with 99.97% average nucleotide identity (ANI) while differences in their respective sap loci defined the temporal separation of their genomes. Based on core genome phylogeny and ANI of 83 Cff genomes belonging to the previously described human-associated Cff lineage, CITCf01 and CITCf02 grouped in a clade of eleven sequence type (ST)3 Cff (including the Cff type strain NCTC 10842T). CITCf01 and CITCf02 were marked for their lack of unique genomic features when compared to isolates within the subspecies and the type strain in particular. We identified point mutations in oxidative stress response genes, among others, that may contribute to aerobiosis. We report a case of Cff causing relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis and we highlight the sap island as a polymorphic site within the genetically stable ST3 lineage, central to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe T Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Buttimer
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lennard Epping
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - James O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor McCarthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre O'Brien
- Department of Microbiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carl Vaughan
- Department of Cardiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - Declan Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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9
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Seong YJ, Lee SH, Kim EJ, Choi YH, Kim TJ, Lee WG, Heo JY. Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis meningitis associated with a companion dog in a young adult: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1280. [PMID: 34961472 PMCID: PMC8711199 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-07007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter spp., common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, especially poultry, can cause acute gastrointestinal illness in humans through animal-to-human transmission. Although Campylobacter fetus, especially subspecies fetus, rarely leads to systemic infections such as bacteremia in immunocompromised patients, it is unclear whether Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis (Cfv) causes infectious diseases in humans. Case presentation A 28-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism visited the emergency department with weakness of the left extremities. The patient was clinically diagnosed with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. The organism from the blood culture was subsequently identified as Campylobacter fetus. On phylogenetic analysis, the 16S rRNA sequence showed 99.93% similarity with other Cfv 16S rRNA sequences. The patient had no exposure to identifiable sources except for close contact with a companion dog, which could have been a possible source of transmission. Conclusions This case suggests that Cfv could lead to human systemic infections such as meningitis and that companion animals, in addition to well-known animal hosts, could be sources of transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-07007-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeol Jung Seong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Honam Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwa Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wee Gyo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Nakatani R, Shimizu K, Matsuo T, Koyamada R, Mori N, Yamashita T, Mori S. Campylobacter fetus bacteremia and meningitis in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient undergoing maintenance therapy: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:680. [PMID: 34256709 PMCID: PMC8278592 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter fetus is an uncommon Campylobacter species, and its infections mainly cause infective endocarditis, aortic aneurysm, and meningitis rather than enteritis. It is more likely to be detected in blood than Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli, specifically reported in 53% of patients. In our case, C. fetus was detected in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old woman, who was on maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), presented to our clinic with chief complaints of severe headache and nausea. Blood and CSF cultures revealed C. fetus. We administrated meropenem 2 g intravenously (IV) every 8 h for 3 weeks, and she was discharged without neurological sequelae. CONCLUSION We encountered a case of C. fetus meningitis without gastrointestinal symptoms, neck stiffness or jolt accentuation in a patient with ALL. Undercooked beef was considered the source of C. fetus infection in this case, suggesting that the need for a neutropenic diet and safe food handling be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakatani
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koki Shimizu
- Department of Hematology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Koyamada
- Department of Hematology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- Department of Hematology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Mori
- Department of Hematology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Eke UA, Doub JB, Chua JV. Campylobacter fetus aortitis in a patient with HIV. IDCases 2021; 25:e01169. [PMID: 34094867 PMCID: PMC8167207 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 36-year-old man with well controlled HIV developed Campylobacter fetus aortitis. To prevent aortic rupture, emergent surgical resection and neo-aortoiliac replacement with his left femoral vein was conducted. After surgical intervention, he was successfully treated with intravenous ertapenem for 6 weeks followed by oral amoxicillin for 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzoamaka A Eke
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James B Doub
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel V Chua
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Nishikubo M, Nasu S, Maruoka H, Kawabata T, Ikeda M, Nishioka H. Sequential breast implant infections due to Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:1080-1083. [PMID: 33563526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the leading causes of bacterial intestinal infections worldwide, while Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (C. fetus) has been reported to cause extraintestinal infections, including medical device implant infections. However, breast implant infections have rarely been reported. We describe the case of a 64-year-old woman with breast implant infection and vertebral osteomyelitis due to C. fetus. The patient recovered by surgical removal of the infected left implant and was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks. However, two weeks after the completion of antibiotics, she experienced an infection in the right implant due to C. fetus, which had developed quinolone resistance with a G91T mutation during the treatment course. This case showed that C. fetus can cause breast implant infections, and although the infection may appear to be unilateral initially, the possibility of sequential contralateral infection should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nishikubo
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seiko Nasu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hayato Maruoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawabata
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mika Ikeda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishioka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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13
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Ono S, Shimogawara T, Hasegawa H. Endovascularly Treated Superficial Femoral Artery Aneurysm Rupture Secondary to Campylobacter fetus Bacteremia: A Case Report. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 72:664.e1-664.e6. [PMID: 33227459 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative aneurysms of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are relatively rare and often recognized when they become symptomatic such as rupture. Infected SFA aneurysms are much rarer, especially those caused by Campylobacter fetus bacteremia. We report a case of a 67-year-old woman referred to our hospital owing to the presence of a painful reddish swelling on her left thigh. A huge SFA aneurysm rupture was diagnosed, and endovascular treatment with a covered stent was performed. C. fetus was detected in the blood culture thereafter, and antibacterial therapy was successfully performed without any additional surgical interventions. She remained well without any evidence of indolent infection 19 months after the endovascular treatment. The endovascular approach with appropriate prolonged antibacterial therapy would be a feasible alternative for managing selected infected aneurysm cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeshi Ono
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Shimogawara
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Abstract
EDUCATION GAP Campylobacter is one of the 2 most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. It most commonly occurs in children younger than 5 years of age. Campylobacter species can cause a wide range of syndromes, from asymptomatic infections to severe systemic infections. OBJECTIVES After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize that Campylobacter is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States and internationally. 2. Understand the indications for testing and the treatment of Campylobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Same
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pranita D Tamma
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Laenens D, Plazier M, van der Hilst JCH, Messiaen P. Campylobacter fetus spondylodiscitis in a patient with HIV infection and restored CD4 count. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225272. [PMID: 30012680 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) is a rare condition and mostly seen in elderly or immunocompromised patients. We present the first case of C. fetus spondylodiscitis in a virologically suppressed HIV seropositive patient with low back pain. MRI was performed and showed spondylodiscitis of the L4-L5 region. Empirical antibiotic therapy with flucloxacillin was started after blood cultures were drawn and an image-guided disc biopsy was performed. Blood cultures remained negative. The anaerobic culture of the puncture biopsy of the disc revealed presence of C. fetus after which the antibiotic treatment was switched to ceftriaxone. Guided by the susceptibility results, the therapy was switched to ciprofloxacin orally for 6 weeks after which the patient made full clinical, biochemical and radiographic recovery. Since no other immune-deficient conditions were noted, it is important to highlight that patients with HIV infection with restored CD4 counts and complete virological suppression can still be susceptible for infections caused by rare pathogens. Low back pain should raise suspicion for these conditions and should be examined properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Laenens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Jessa Ziekenhuis vwz, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mark Plazier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jessa Ziekenhuis vwz, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen C H van der Hilst
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Jessa Ziekenhuis vwz, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED Research Institute, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Peter Messiaen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Jessa Ziekenhuis vwz, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED Research Institute, Universiteit Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
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16
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Nulens E, Decoster EL, Schoonooghe MC, Muyldermans A. An unexpected Campylobacter fetus infection. Infection 2018; 46:729-730. [PMID: 29846885 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nulens
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, Ruddershove 10, 8000, Brugge, Belgium.
| | - Eva-Line Decoster
- Department of General Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, 8000, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Schoonooghe
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, Ruddershove 10, 8000, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Astrid Muyldermans
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, Ruddershove 10, 8000, Brugge, Belgium
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17
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Zamora-López MJ, Álvarez-García P, García-Campello M. Prosthetic hip joint infection caused by Campylobacter fetus: A case report and literature review. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2018; 31:53-57. [PMID: 29390600 PMCID: PMC6159359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Zamora-López
- Mª José Zamora-López, Microbiología y Parasitología. C/ Princesa de Éboli 100, 1ºB, 28050, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Early Onset Prosthetic Joint Infection and Bacteremia due to Campylobacter fetusSubspecies fetus. Case Rep Infect Dis 2017; 2017:5892846. [PMID: 28928998 PMCID: PMC5591925 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5892846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a zoonotic pathogen that occasionally causes serious, relapsing, invasive disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of relapsing C. fetus diarrheal illness in a 75-year-old woman which resulted in secondary bacteremia and seeding of the left knee prosthetic joint. Patient responded favorably to debridement and retention of prosthesis in addition to six weeks of meropenem followed by chronic oral doxycycline suppressive therapy.
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19
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Nishiguchi S, Sekine I, Kuroda S, Sato M, Kitagawa I. Myositis Ossificans of the Hip Due to Pyogenic Arthritis Caused by Campylobacter fetus Subspecies fetus. Intern Med 2017; 56:967-972. [PMID: 28420848 PMCID: PMC5465416 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old woman was admitted with severe hip pain causing immobility and high serum levels of inflammatory markers. The patient had a medical history of diabetes. She had been scheduled to undergo right hip replacement surgery for the treatment of osteoarthritis associated with gradually progressive pain. On admission, an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan showed an abnormal increase in synovial fluid surrounding the right ilium, with piriformis muscle calcification. Subsequent blood and specimen cultures identified Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus. This is a rare report of a case of myositis ossificans followed by C. fetus pyogenic arthritis of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nishiguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekine
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Shun Kuroda
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Morihiko Sato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
| | - Izumi Kitagawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Japan
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20
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Agrawal A, Sikachi RR. Infective abdominal aortitis due to Campylobacter fetus bacteremia: A case report and review of literature. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:290-293. [PMID: 27904826 PMCID: PMC5116866 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2016.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious aortitis (IA) is a rare but life-threatening condition, and most commonly affects the abdominal aorta or thoracic aorta. Various microorganisms have been associated with infectious thoracic aortitis, most commonly Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Salmonella species. Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) has been seen as a cause of infective aortitis only in a few case reports. We report a rare case of infective aortitis of the abdominal aorta caused due to C. fetus bacteremia. While C. fetus infections usually occur in patients with immunosuppression, such as malignancy, or those with diabetes mellitus, but our patient was not immunocompromised. Furthermore, the IA occurred in the absence of an aortic aneurysm, unlike its usual presentation. Thus, it is extremely important to establish an early diagnosis of IA and find out the causative organism for appropriate medical treatment, because this condition is potentially life threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Agrawal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwell Health — Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Abhinav Agrawal, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwell Health — Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, USA. E-mail:
| | - Rutuja R Sikachi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwell Health — Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, New York, USA
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21
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Hussein K, Raz-Pasteur A, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Geffen Y, Oren I, Paul M, Kassis I. Campylobacter bacteraemia: 16 years of experience in a single centre. Infect Dis (Lond) 2016; 48:796-9. [PMID: 27320494 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2016.1195916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter bacteraemia (CB) is rare and usually occurs in immune-compromised patients. In this study we examined the incidence and epidemiology of CB in one institution over 15.5 years. METHODS The medical records of all the consecutive patients with CB admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, microbiologic and outcome data were collected. RESULTS During the study period, 65 patients with CB were identified. The majority of the patients were middle aged and immune-compromised. Campylobacter jejuni was the most commonly identified species (33/47, 70%). The main underlying conditions were haematological malignancies (43%) and chronic liver disease (14%). Fifty-seven percent of the patients were receiving immunosuppressive therapy at the time of bacteraemia. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (85%), diarrhoea (40%), abdominal pain (40%), and nausea and vomiting (40%). Of the isolates tested, 97% were susceptible to macrolides, and only 35% were susceptible to quinolones. Susceptibility to quinolones decreased over the years. Most patients did not receive adequate empiric antibiotic treatment (81.5%) and about 20% never received directed therapy. Mortality and relapse rates were low (5% each). There was no association between adequate empirical or definitive antibiotic therapy and adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION The main predisposing factor for Campylobacter bacteraemia in our cohort was immunosuppression. Prognosis was generally favourable regardless of appropriateness of antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khetam Hussein
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Ayelet Raz-Pasteur
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Yael Shachor-Meyouhas
- b Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Yuval Geffen
- c Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Ilana Oren
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Mical Paul
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Imad Kassis
- b Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
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22
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Escher R, Brunner C, von Steiger N, Brodard I, Droz S, Abril C, Kuhnert P. Clinical and epidemiological analysis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus infections in humans and comparative genetic analysis with strains isolated from cattle. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:198. [PMID: 27177684 PMCID: PMC4868008 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (CFF) is an important pathogen for both cattle and humans. We performed a systematic epidemiological and clinical study of patients and evaluated the genetic relatedness of 17 human and 17 bovine CFF isolates by using different genotyping methods. In addition, the serotype, the dissemination of the genomic island containing a type IV secretion system (T4SS) and resistance determinants for tetracycline and streptomycin were also evaluated. Methods The isolates from patients diagnosed with CFF infection as well as those from faecal samples of healthy calves were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), as well as single locus sequence typing (SLST) targeting cmp1 and cmp2 genes encoding two major outer membrane proteins in CFF. The presence of the genomic island and identification of serotype was determined by PCRs targeting genes of the T4SS and the sap locus, respectively. Tetracycline and streptomycin resistance phenotypes were determined by minimal inhibitory concentration. Clinical data obtained from medical records and laboratory data were supplemented by data obtained via telephone interviews with the patients and treating physicians. Results PFGE analysis defined two major clusters; cluster A containing 16 bovine (80 %) isolates and cluster B containing 13 human (92 %) isolates, suggesting a host preference. Further genotypic analysis using MLST, SLST as well as sap and T4SS PCR showed the presence of genotypically identical isolates in cattle and humans. The low diversity observed within the cmp alleles of CFF corroborates the clonal nature of this pathogen. The genomic island containing the tetracycline and streptomycin resistance determinants was found in 55 % of the isolates in cluster A and correlated with phenotypic antibiotic resistance. Conclusions Most human and bovine isolates were separated on two phylogenetic clusters. However, several human and bovine isolates were identical by diverse genotyping methods, indicating a possible link between strains from these two hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Escher
- Department of Medicine, Spital Emmental, Burgdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Colette Brunner
- Department of Medicine, Spital Emmental, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle Brodard
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Droz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Abril
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Current address: Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Campylobacter jejuni Fatal Sepsis in a Patient with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review of a Difficult Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:544. [PMID: 27077849 PMCID: PMC4849000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) bacteremia is difficult to diagnose in individuals with hematological disorders undergoing chemotherapy. The cause can be attributed to the rarity of this infection, to the variable clinical presentation, and to the partial overlapping symptoms underlying the disease. Here, we report a case of a fatal sepsis caused by C. jejuni in a 76-year-old Caucasian man with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. After chemotherapeutic treatment, the patient experienced fever associated with severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia without hemodynamic instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The slow growth of C. jejuni in the blood culture systems and the difficulty in identifying it with conventional biochemical phenotyping methods contributed to the delay of administering a targeted antimicrobial treatment, leading to a fatal outcome. Early recognition and timely intervention are critical for the successful management of C. jejuni infection. Symptoms may be difficult to recognize in immunocompromised patients undergoing chemotherapy. Thus, it is important to increase physician awareness regarding the clinical manifestations of C. jejuni to improve therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the use of more aggressive empirical antimicrobial treatments with aminoglycosides and/or carbapenems should be considered in immunosuppressed patients, in comparison to those currently indicated in the guidelines for cancer-related infections supporting the use of cephalosporins as monotherapy.
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24
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Hagiya H, Matsumoto M, Furukawa H, Murase T, Otsuka F. Mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by Campylobacter fetus: a case report and literature review. Ann Vasc Surg 2014; 28:1933.e7-1933.e14. [PMID: 25017776 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. usually cause gastrointestinal infections, but among them, Campylobacter fetus is a well-known organism causing mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm (MAAA), which requires proper surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy. We report a 65-year-old man who was successfully treated by an in situ operation using a rifampicin (RFP)-bonded J-Graft for C. fetus-induced MAAA. We performed a review of the English literature on MAAA caused by C. fetus and summarized the results of the cases (28 cases). All but 2 of the patients (92.9%) were men. Blood culture and arterial wall culture were positive in 63% and 73.1% of the cases, respectively. Aneurysm rupture was seen in half of the patients, and approximately half of those patients died. Among the 18 patients who underwent in situ graft replacement, only 1 patient (5.6%) died after surgery. Antibiotic therapy was performed for more than 1 month in most cases, and overall mortality rate was 25.9% (7 of 27 cases, 3 deaths before the operation and 4 deaths after surgery). Although extra-anatomic bypass has been conventionally performed after complete resection of an MAAA, the utility of in situ surgery has generally been recognized. Our review suggests that the in situ operation can be a choice also in cases of C. fetus-associated MAAA. Furthermore, our case suggested the clinical utility of a newly manufactured prosthetic graft, J-Graft, for such surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Emergency Unit and Critical Care Center, Tsuyama Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsuyama Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsuyama Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Murase
- Microbiology Division, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tsuyama Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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25
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Melendez BA, Hollis HW, Rehring TF. Mycotic popliteal aneurysm rupture secondary to Campylobacter fetus. Ann Vasc Surg 2014; 29:122.e9-11. [PMID: 24930978 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycotic aneurysms of the popliteal artery are uncommon. Popliteal aneurysms rarely rupture. The authors present the second reported case of popliteal artery rupture as a result of Campylobacter fetus infection. This report confirms the arterial destructive potential of C. fetus infection in a peripheral artery. METHODS An 85-year-old male who had previously undergone endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in 2007 presented with positive blood cultures for C. fetus. No endocarditis was detected. No periprosthetic fluid to suggest aortic endograft infection was present. During hospitalization for sepsis, he developed acute right knee pain and swelling. A 5.2-cm popliteal aneurysm, with contained rupture, was found on ultrasound and confirmed by computed tomography and angiography. Recommendations for treatment and a literature review are provided. RESULTS This patient was successfully managed with total excision of the aneurysm via a posterior approach with reconstruction through a medial approach using autologous saphenous vein bypass. Culture-directed antibiotic therapy (6 weeks of intravenous ertapenem) to eradicate the pathogen completed the therapy. The patient is doing well at 18- month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Mycotic popliteal aneurysm associated with C. fetus is a rare but potentially fatal condition. Isolating C. fetus should alert the surgeon to the peripheral arterial destructive potential of this pathogen, as manifested by acute rupture in this patient. Traditional resection through a posterior approach and revascularization through noncontaminated tissue with culture-directed therapy are the treatments of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Melendez
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Exempla Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, CO.
| | - Harris W Hollis
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Exempla Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, CO
| | - Thomas F Rehring
- Department of Vascular Therapy, Colorado Permanente Medical Group, Denver, CO
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26
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Patrick ME, Gilbert MJ, Blaser MJ, Tauxe RV, Wagenaar JA, Fitzgerald C. Human infections with new subspecies of Campylobacter fetus. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1678-80. [PMID: 24050521 PMCID: PMC3810764 DOI: 10.3201/eid1910.130883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov. is a newly proposed subspecies of C. fetus with markers of reptile origin. We summarize epidemiologic information for 9 humans infected with this bacterium. All cases were in men, most of whom were of Asian origin. Infection might have been related to exposure to Asian foods or reptiles.
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Cypierre A, Denes E, Barraud O, Jamilloux Y, Jacques J, Durox H, Pinet P, Weinbreck P. Campylobacter fetus infections. Med Mal Infect 2014; 44:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yamagami K, Miyashita T, Nakamura T, Shirano M, Nakamura T, Kameda K, Nishijima M, Imanishi M, Yang X, Kanegane H. Campylobacter fetus bacteremia with purulent pleurisy in a young adult with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. Intern Med 2014; 53:1221-5. [PMID: 24881753 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24-year-old man presented with fever and pleural effusion predominantly containing lymphocytes. Cultures of the pleural effusion and blood revealed Campylobacter fetus, and laboratory studies showed a low serum level of immunoglobulin. The patient was diagnosed with C. fetus pleuritis, bacteremia and primary hypogammaglobulinemia, and subsequent treatment with meropenem and immunoglobulin improved his condition. Although the underlying cause of the primary hypogammaglobulinemia remains unclear, the patient's status improved under immunoglobulin replacement therapy. C. fetus pleuritis is a rare infectious disease usually observed in immunocompromised hosts. We herein describe the first report of C. fetus pleuritis in a young adult with primary hypogammaglobulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Japan
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Temporal and farm-management-associated variation in faecal-pat prevalence of Campylobacter fetus in sheep and cattle. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 142:1196-204. [PMID: 24067441 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The faecal-pat prevalence (as estimated by culture) of Campylobacter fetus from cattle and sheep on 19 farms in rural Lancashire was investigated using standard Campylobacter culture techniques and PCR during a 2-year longitudinal study. C. fetus was isolated from 9·48% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8·48-10·48] of cattle faecal pats and 7·29% (95% CI 6·21-9·62) of sheep faecal pats. There was evidence of significant differences in shedding prevalence between geographical regions; cows in geographical zone 3 had an increased risk of shedding C. fetus compared to cows in geographical zones 1 and 2 (OR 6·64, 95% CI 1·67-26·5, P = 0·007), as did cows at pasture (OR 1·66, 95% CI 1·01-2·73, P = 0·046) compared to when housed. Multiple logistic regression modelling demonstrated underlying seasonal periodicity in both species.
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Meningitis and endocarditis caused by Campylobacter fetus after raw-liver ingestion. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3147-50. [PMID: 23824770 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00631-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report Campylobacter fetus meningitis associated with endocarditis in a 75-year-old diabetic man after he consumed raw liver. C. fetus was isolated from blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid. Cure was obtained with combined intravenous imipenem-gentamicin for 4 weeks; no relapse occurred after 6 months of follow-up.
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Serraino A, Florio D, Giacometti F, Piva S, Mion D, Zanoni RG. Presence of Campylobacter and Arcobacter species in in-line milk filters of farms authorized to produce and sell raw milk and of a water buffalo dairy farm in Italy. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:2801-7. [PMID: 23453517 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence of Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. in dairy herds authorized for the production and sale of raw milk and in a water buffalo dairy farm, and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A total of 196 in-line milk filters were collected from 14 dairy farms (13 bovine and 1 water buffalo) for detection of Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. by microbiological culture. For each farm investigated, 1 isolate for each Campylobacter and Arcobacter species isolated was tested using the Etest method (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) to evaluate the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, and gentamicin. A total of 52 isolates were detected in 49 milk filters in 12 farms (85.7%) out of 14 and the isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni (6), Campylobacter hyointestinalis ssp. hyointestinalis (8), Campylobacter concisus (1), Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus (1), Arcobacter butzleri (22), and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (14). The small number of isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility precludes any epidemiological consideration but highlights that all Campylobacter isolates were susceptible to macrolides, which are the first-choice drugs for the treatment of campylobacteriosis, and that resistance to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline was detected; for Arcobacter isolates, resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol was detected. The sale of raw milk for human consumption by self-service automatic vending machines has been allowed in Italy since 2004 and the presence of C. jejuni in in-line milk filters confirms that raw milk consumption is a significant risk factor for human infection. The high occurrence of emerging Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. discovered in dairy farms authorized for production and sale of raw milk represents an emerging hazard for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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A Case of Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Caused by Campylobacter fetus for Which Early Diagnosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Was Difficult. Asian Spine J 2012; 6:274-8. [PMID: 23275811 PMCID: PMC3530702 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2012.6.4.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this case report was to report a rare case of pyogenic spondylodiscitis caused by Campylobacter fetus. A 37-year-old male presented with fever and low back pain. By lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), no abnormal finding was observed at the first presentation. However, low back pain was aggravated, and fever did not improve. Thus, lumbar MRI was repeated on the 26 day after the onset of symptoms, showing abnormal signals at vertebrae and disc spaces, and pyogenic spondylitis was diagnosed. The possibility of pyogenic spondylodiscitis should be taken into account if a patient presents with low back pain and fever, and areas of low signal intensity on a T1-weighted MRI should be carefully examined. When initial MRI does not reveal abnormal findings, repeated MRI after one or two weeks or, more favorably, immediate gadolinium enhancement MRI, are important for patients who have persistent low back pain and fever.
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Sprenger H, Zechner EL, Gorkiewicz G. So close and yet so far - Molecular Microbiology of Campylobacter fetus subspecies. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2012; 2:66-75. [PMID: 24611123 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, C. fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis, which are considered emerging pathogens in humans and animals. Comparisons at the genome level have revealed modest subspecies-specific variation; nevertheless, these two subspecies show distinct host and niche preferences. C. fetus subsp. fetus is a commensal and pathogen of domesticated animals that can be transmitted to humans via contaminated food. The clinical features of human infection can be severe, especially in impaired hosts. In contrast, C. fetus subsp. venerealis is a sexually transmitted pathogen essentially restricted to cattle. Infections leading to bovine venereal campylobacteriosis cause substantial economic losses due to abortion and infertility. Recent genome sequencing of the two subspecies has advanced our understanding of C. fetus adaptations through comparative genomics and the identification of subspecies-specific gene regions predicted to be involved in pathogenesis. The most striking difference between the subspecies is the highly subspecies-specific association of a pathogenicity island in the C. fetus subsp. venerealis chromosome. The inserted region encodes a Type 4 secretion system, which contributes to virulence properties of this organism in vitro. This review describes the main differences in epidemiological, phenotypic, and molecular characteristics of the two subspecies and summarizes recent advances towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of C. fetus pathogenesis.
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Martínez-Balzano C, Kohlitz PJ, Chaudhary P, Hegazy H. Campylobacter fetus bacteremia in a young healthy adult transmitted by khat chewing. J Infect 2011; 66:184-6. [PMID: 22138599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is a pathogen affecting almost exclusively patients with immunosuppression and chronic debilitating diseases. We report the case of a healthy young man with C. fetus bacteremia presenting with fever, hypotension and meningitis. The patient had no exposure to contaminated sources except from khat chewing, which we describe as a possible source of transmission for the first time.
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Abstract
A growing number of Campylobacter species other than C. jejuni and C. coli have been recognized as emerging human and animal pathogens. Although C. jejuni continues to be the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, advances in molecular biology and development of innovative culture methodologies have led to the detection and isolation of a range of under-recognized and nutritionally fastidious Campylobacter spp., including C. concisus, C. upsaliensis and C. ureolyticus. These emerging Campylobacter spp. have been associated with a range of gastrointestinal diseases, particularly gastroenteritis, IBD and periodontitis. In some instances, infection of the gastrointestinal tract by these bacteria can progress to life-threatening extragastrointestinal diseases. Studies have shown that several emerging Campylobacter spp. have the ability to attach to and invade human intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages, damage intestinal barrier integrity, secrete toxins and strategically evade host immune responses. Members of the Campylobacter genus naturally colonize a wide range of hosts (including pets, farm animals and wild animals) and are frequently found in contaminated food products, which indicates that these bacteria are at risk of zoonotic transmission to humans. This Review presents the latest information on the role and clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter spp. in gastrointestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
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36
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Two novel antibiotic resistance genes, tet(44) and ant(6)-Ib, are located within a transferable pathogenicity island in Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3052-5. [PMID: 20479200 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00304-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
New tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes, tet(44) and ant(6)-Ib, were identified in Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus within a transferable pathogenicity island that is typically unique to Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. The 640-amino-acid tetracycline resistance determinant, Tet 44, belongs to a class of proteins that confers resistance to tetracycline and minocycline by ribosomal protection. The 286-amino-acid streptomycin resistance determinant, ANT(6)-Ib, belongs to a family of aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferases. The resistance phenotypes were demonstrated by gene inactivation and expression.
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37
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Ausselet N, Huang D, Vandercam B, Yombi JC. Campylobacter fetus cellulitis in an immunocompromised patient: case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg 2009; 64:346-8. [PMID: 19810424 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2009.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus is an opportunist Gram-negative bacillus. The most frequent clinical manifestation is bacteriemia but it can also be responsable for soft tissue infections, endovascular infections, meningitis, peritonitis and thrombophlebitis. Campylobacter fetus cellulitis has been described, but rarely identified in subcutaneous puncture samples. We report a case of an immunocompromised patient with Campylobacter fetus bacteriemia associated with a soft tissue infection whose subcutaneous puncture also revealed the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ausselet
- Department of internal medicine, infectious and tropical diseases, Saint Luc University hospital, Bruxelles
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38
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Pacanowski J, Lalande V, Lacombe K, Boudraa C, Lesprit P, Legrand P, Trystram D, Kassis N, Arlet G, Mainardi JL, Doucet-Populaire F, Girard PM, Meynard JL. Campylobacter bacteremia: clinical features and factors associated with fatal outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 47:790-6. [PMID: 18699745 DOI: 10.1086/591530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter bacteremia is uncommon. The influence of underlying conditions and of the impact of antibiotics on infection outcome are not known. METHODS From January 2000 through December 2004, 183 episodes of Campylobacter bacteremia were identified in 23 hospitals in the Paris, France, area. The medical records were reviewed. Characteristics of bacteremia due to Campylobacter fetus and to other Campylobacter species were compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for fatal outcome within 30 days. RESULTS Most affected patients were elderly or immunocompromised. C. fetus was the most commonly identified species (in 53% of patients). The main underlying conditions were liver disease (39%) and cancer (38%). The main clinical manifestations were diarrhea (33%) and skin infection (16%). Twenty-seven patients (15%) died within 30 days. Compared with patients with bacteremia due to other Campylobacter species, patients with C. fetus bacteremia were older (mean age, 69.5 years vs. 55.6 years; P = .001) and were more likely to have cellulitis (19% vs. 7%; P = .03), endovascular infection (13% vs. 1%; P = .007), or infection associated with a medical device (7% vs. 0%; P = .02). Independent risk factors for death were cancer (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-20.8) and asymptomatic infection (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.5-29.4) for C. fetus bacteremia, the absence of prescription of appropriate antibiotics (OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 0.9-157.5), and prescription of third-generation cephalosporins (OR, 10.2; 95% CI, 1.9-53.7) for bacteremia caused by other species. CONCLUSIONS Campylobacter bacteremia occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients. Clinical features and risk factors of death differ by infection species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Pacanowski
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
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39
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Muga Zuriarrain O, Ruiz Benito M, Eizaguirre Arocena F, Nogués Pérez A, Idigoras P. Enfermedad invasiva por Campylobacter fetus en lactante inmunocompetente. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009; 70:308-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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40
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Lau SKP, Wong GKM, Poon RWS, Lee LCK, Leung KW, Tse CWS, Ho PL, Que TL, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Susceptibility patterns of clinical and fish isolates of Laribacter hongkongensis: comparison of the Etest, disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 63:704-8. [PMID: 19202149 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 60 strains of Laribacter hongkongensis isolated from humans and fish to eight antibiotics and compare the results obtained from broth microdilution, Etest and disc diffusion susceptibility testing. PATIENTS AND METHODS The susceptibilities of 60 isolates of L. hongkongensis from humans with gastroenteritis and fish to eight antibiotics were tested by three methods [broth microdilution (reference method), Etest and disc diffusion] and their results were compared. RESULTS All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin by all three methods, except for one strain which was resistant to ciprofloxacin by broth microdilution. All were susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam by Etest and disc diffusion, but eight were resistant by broth microdilution. By broth microdilution, 90%, 100%, 46.7%, 100% and 8.3% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, erythromycin and tetracycline, respectively. Although broth microdilution generally yielded higher MICs of beta-lactams, MICs obtained with Etest were in good correlation with broth microdilution for all drugs except ampicillin/sulbactam, with >90% agreement within 2 log(2) dilutions for imipenem, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline. Comparison of susceptibilities between broth microdilution and the other two methods showed the highest (>95%) percentage agreement for imipenem, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The highest discrepancies were observed with erythromycin (58.3% agreement), with an apparent increase in susceptibility by disc diffusion. A higher proportion of human isolates than fish isolates were tetracycline-resistant by all three tests (P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS Etest and disc diffusion appear to be reliable for evaluation of susceptibilities of L. hongkongensis to imipenem, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. However, these methods may underestimate resistance to other beta-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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41
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Aortoiliac aneurysms infected by Campylobacter fetus. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48:815-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Onoda M, Furutani A, Akiyama N, Morikage N, Yoshimura K, Hamano K. Infected aneurysms of bilateral deep femoral arteries due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus. Ann Vasc Surg 2008; 22:476-80. [PMID: 18466824 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2007.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Infected aneurysms due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus have rarely been reported. Here, we describe the first case of infected aneurysm of bilateral deep femoral arteries due to C. fetus fetus. We successfully treated this case by administration of antibiotics effective for C. fetus fetus and bilateral obturator bypass with complete resection of the infected aneurysms. The aneurysmal wall culture disclosed the presence of C. fetus fetus in a microaerobic atmosphere after the operation. A distinctive culture condition was necessary to detect C. fetus fetus. In the case of infected aneurysms, we should be aware of the possibility of infection with C. fetus fetus, and an appropriate culture for this organism may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Onoda
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
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43
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AHMAR WALID, JOHNSON DOUGLAS, RICHARDS MICHAEL, STRATHMORE NEIL. Campylobacter Fetus Infection of an Internal Cardioverter Defibrillator. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2008; 31:258-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2007.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Yano K, Saito T, Yoshino S, Imura H, Kozuru M, Iwai T, Uchida T. Infected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm from Campylobacter Fetus Bacteremia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 97:1675-7. [DOI: 10.2169/naika.97.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yano
- Departments of General Internal Medicine, Iizuka Hospital
| | - Tomohiro Saito
- Departments of General Internal Medicine, Iizuka Hospital
| | | | - Hiroshi Imura
- Departments of General Internal Medicine, Iizuka Hospital
| | - Mitsuo Kozuru
- Departments of General Internal Medicine, Iizuka Hospital
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Gazaigne L, Legrand P, Renaud B, Bourra B, Taillandier E, Brun-Buisson C, Lesprit P. Campylobacter fetus bloodstream infection: risk factors and clinical features. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 27:185-9. [PMID: 17999095 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report 21 cases of Campylobacter fetus bloodstream infection observed in our institution over a 9-year period. The median age of the patients was 78 years. Most of them (62%) had a significant underlying disease, such as diabetes, immunodeficiency or cardiovascular disease. The main clinical features were fever with (62% of cases) or without (38%) extra-intestinal symptoms. These included mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (24%) and cellulitis (19%). Antibiotic treatment was mainly based on amoxicilline-clavulanate (57%) or imipenem (21%), for a median duration of 28 days. A favourable outcome was observed in 72% of cases. Death directly attributable to infection was observed for three patients, due to the rupture of an infected aneurysm or relapsing bloodstream infection with septic shock. All patients initially treated with imipenem had a favourable outcome. This report adds evidence that C. fetus bloodstream infection should be suspected in elderly patients with fever, immunodeficiency and cardiovascular damages. Imipenem seems to be the most active drug, especially in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gazaigne
- Unité de Contrôle Epidémiologie et Prévention de l'Infection, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Service des Urgences, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Créteil, France
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46
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Alfredson DA, Korolik V. Identification of putative zinc hydrolase genes of the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily from Campylobacter jejuni. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 49:159-64. [PMID: 17266723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA fragments encoding two putative zinc-dependent hydrolases, designated GLX2-1 and GLX2-2, from a clinical isolate of Campylobacter jejuni, strain 012, were cloned and sequenced. GLX2-1 was encoded by a sequence of 798 bp and GLX2-2 by a sequence of 597 bp. The amino acid sequences deduced from C. jejuni DNA showed 99% and 100% identity, respectively, to putative zinc hydrolases reported from C. jejuni ATCC strain 11168, and also shared identity (28-43%) with several hypothetical conserved proteins and known zinc-dependent hydrolases and metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily proteins. A strictly conserved motif, -H-X-H-X-D-, characteristic of the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily of proteins, including class B metallo-beta-lactamases, was identified in both proteins. Other conserved metal-binding ligands, characteristic of the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily of proteins, were also identified. Functional beta-lactamase could not be expressed in either Escherichia coli or Campylobacter coli transformed with C. jejuni hydrolase-containing plasmids, suggesting that they do not function as metallo-beta-lactamases, although structurally they are consistent with the zinc metallo-hydrolase family of the beta-lactamase fold.
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47
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Rapp C, Imbert P, Fabre R, Cavallo JD, Debord T. Bactériémie et dermohypodermite à Campylobacter fetus sur cathéter à chambre implantable au cours d'une infection par le VIH. Med Mal Infect 2007; 37:284-6. [PMID: 17446026 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus is an opportunist Gram-negative bacillus, which is known to be a cause of systemic infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. We report a C. fetus bacteremia and cellulitis complicating a venous access port infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This bacillus seems to have a predilection for the vascular endothelium and its isolation is difficult. Physicians should be aware of C. fetus infection in patients with vascular devices. Microbiologists should accurately isolate this organism from clinical specimens by modifying incubation techniques and performing molecular biology. The prognosis seems to be improved by a prolonged betalactam antibiotic regimen, especially amoxicilline plus clavulanic acid. In HIV infected patients, quinolones that were successful in our case, should be used with caution because of increasing resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rapp
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital militaire Bégin, 69, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé cedex, France.
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48
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Campylobacter fetus. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/01.idc.0000236974.51334.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Goegebuer T, Verhaeghe JP, Verlinde A, De Laere E, Surmont I. Infection of the thyroid gland caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. Acta Clin Belg 2007; 62:130-3. [PMID: 17547296 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2007.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report what we consider to be the first case of an abscess of the thyroid gland due to Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (C. fetus) in a patient suffering from hyperthyroidism. C. fetus is known as a rare and opportunistic pathogen in humans, causing a broad variety of systemic infections. Acquisition by humans is thought to occur through contact with animals or animal products and to start as a gastro-intestinal colonization. The detection of C. fetus in stool is challenging, since culture efforts are generally directed in order to fulfil growth requirements of C.jejuni, a much more common enteric pathogen. Detection of C. fetus in non-stool samples is even more challenging since routine culture doesn't imply prolonged incubation (>72h), selective media and microaerophilic conditions. It is therefore not unlikely that human infections caused by C. fetus occur more often than generally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goegebuer
- Laboratorium KLinische Biologie, Heilig Hartziekenhuis Roeselare-Menen vzw, Wilgenstraat 2, 8800 Roeselare, België
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Inglis GD, Morck DW, McAllister TA, Entz T, Olson ME, Yanke LJ, Read RR. Temporal prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from beef cattle in Alberta feedlots. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:4088-95. [PMID: 16751519 PMCID: PMC1489659 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02830-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was temporally assessed in campylobacters isolated from beef cattle (7,738 fecal samples from 2,622 animals) in four commercial feedlots in Alberta. All calves were administered chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline in feed, and a majority of the animals (93%) were injected with long-acting oxytetracycline upon arrival at the feedlot. Fecal samples from individual animals were collected upon arrival (i.e., entry sample), 69 days (standard deviation [SD] = 3 days) after arrival (i.e., interim sample), and 189 days (SD = 33 days) after arrival (i.e., exit sample) at the feedlot. In total, 1,586 Campylobacter isolates consisting of Campylobacter coli (n = 154), Campylobacter fetus (n = 994), Campylobacter jejuni (n = 431), Campylobacter hyointestinalis (n = 4), and Campylobacter lanienae (n = 3) were recovered and characterized. The administration of antimicrobials did not decrease carriage rates of campylobacters, and minimal resistance (< or =4%) to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and meropenem was observed. In contrast, substantive increases in the prevalence of isolates resistant to tetracycline and doxycycline (56 to 89%) for C. coli, C. fetus, and C. jejuni, as well as in the number of animals (7 to 42%) from which resistant isolates were recovered, were observed during the feedlot period. Increased resistance to erythromycin (total isolates and carriages rates) was also observed in isolates of C. coli over the three isolation times. The majority of C. fetus isolates recovered were resistant to nalidixic acid, but this was independent of when they were isolated. A relatively limited number of multidrug-resistant isolates were recovered and consisted primarily of C. coli resistant to tetracyclines and erythromycin (10% of isolates). Over the course of the feedlot period, considerable increases in antimicrobial resistance were observed in C. coli, C. fetus, and C. jejuni, but with the exception of erythromycin resistance in C. coli, the administration of antimicrobial agents to beef cattle was found to have a minimal impact on resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones, the two classes of antimicrobials used to treat campylobacteriosis in humans. However, the widespread use of antimicrobial agents in beef production and the possible horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements with antimicrobial resistance determinants among Campylobacter and other bacterial taxa emphasize the need to monitor AMR development in bacteria from beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Inglis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
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