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Komine T, Yoshida M, Sato MP, Hasegawa Y, Hoshino Y, Wada S, Fukano H. Complete genome sequence of the type strain of Mycobacterium montefiorense, strain ATCC BAA-256. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024:e0047624. [PMID: 38953663 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00476-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium montefiorense, a nontuberculous mycobacterium, is a causative agent of mycobacteriosis in aquatic animals, its type strain M. montefiorense ATCC BAA-256 being isolated from a moray eel. In this study, we report the complete ATCC BAA-256 genome sequence with a 5,693,452-bp-containing circular chromosome, 65.2% GC content, and 5,407 coding sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komine
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshida
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Wada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Matsumoto M, Chien TBC, Machida Y, Matoyama H, Kishihara T, Sato S, Kawato S, Hirono I, Sano M, Kato G. Mycolicibacterium cyprinidarum sp. nov., a rapidly growing species isolated from diseased koi carp, Cyprinus carpio. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38809248 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium was isolated from diseased koi carp in Niigata, Japan, which was identified as representing a novel Mycolicibacterium species through whole genome sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates (NGTWS0302, NGTWS1803T and NGTWSNA01) were found to belong to the genus Mycolicibacterium through phylogenetic analysis using whole genome sequences of mycobacteria species. The bacterial colony was smooth, moist and non-chromogenic on 1% Ogawa medium at 30 °C. In biochemical characteristic tests, the bacterial isolates showed positive reactions for catalase activity, Tween 80 hydrolysis and tellurite reduction. The isolates were sensitive to 2-4 µg ml-1 ampicillin, kanamycin and rifampicin. Based on these results, we propose a novel Mycolicibacterium species, Mycolicibacterium cyprinidarum sp. nov. The type strain is NGTWS1803T (=JCM 35117T=ATCC TSD-289T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsumoto
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Tang Belinda Chien Chien
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Machida
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hisato Matoyama
- Niigata Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experiment Station, 2650 Okawahara, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-1137, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kishihara
- Niigata Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experiment Station, 2650 Okawahara, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-1137, Japan
| | - Shoh Sato
- Niigata Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experiment Station, 2650 Okawahara, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-1137, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawato
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Goshi Kato
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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Maboni G, Prakash N, Moreira MAS. Review of methods for detection and characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in aquatic organisms. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:299-311. [PMID: 37606184 PMCID: PMC11110783 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231194619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is an emerging and often lethal disease of aquatic organisms caused by several non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species. Early diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in aquaculture and aquatic settings is critical; however, clinical diagnoses and laboratory detection are challenging, and the available literature is scarce. In an attempt to fill the gap, here we review the most relevant approaches to detect and characterize mycobacteria in clinical specimens of aquatic organisms. Emphasis is given to recent advances in molecular methods used to differentiate NTM species spanning from targeted gene sequencing to next-generation sequencing. Further, given that there are major gaps in our understanding of the prevalence of the different NTM species, partially because of their distinct requirements for in vitro growth, we also reviewed the most relevant NTM species reported to cause disease in aquatic organisms and their specific in vitro growth conditions. We also highlight that traditional bacterial culture continues to be relevant for NTM identification, particularly in non-automated laboratories. However, for NTM species discrimination, a high level of accuracy can be achieved with MALDI-TOF MS and molecular approaches, especially targeted gene sequencing applied from clinical specimens or from pure NTM isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazieli Maboni
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niharika Prakash
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Aparecida S. Moreira
- Department of Veterinary, Bacterial Diseases Laboratory, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Komine T, Ihara H, Inohana M, Kwok JC, Shimizu A, Terasawa T, Miyazaki A, Srivorakul S, Iwao H, Harada S, Yoshida M, Hoshino Y, Kurata O, Fukano H, Wada S. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease associated with Mycobacterium montefiorense in salamanders. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1248288. [PMID: 37954664 PMCID: PMC10637390 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1248288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mycobacterium montefiorense is one of the causes of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in moray eels and salamanders. Although M. montefiorense infection could be a threat to salamanders, little information is available regarding this pathogen and associated infection. This study aimed to provide fundamental information regarding M. montefiorense and its infection in salamanders. Methods Nine M. montefiorense strains isolated from three species of salamanders, namely, Japanese black salamander (Hynobius nigrescens), Hakuba salamander (H. hidamontanus), and Tohoku hynobiid salamander (H. lichenatus), between 2010 and 2018, were characterized based on phenotypic and genetic examination. We also pathologically observed salamanders infected with the M. montefiorense strains, including Hakuba salamanders and Tohoku hynobiid salamanders. Results The microbiological and chemical characteristics of the M. montefiorense salamander and an eel strain (reference strain) matched. Susceptibility testing for antimicrobials suggested that clarithromycin may be effective. Regarding disinfectants, phtharal, peracetic acid, glutaral, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium chloride may be effective. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the strains isolated from salamanders in 2014 and 2018 were genetically closely related, which could indicate an outbreak. The main gross findings in infected salamanders include skin ulcerative lesions or nodules in the enlarged liver. Microscopically, multifocal to coalescent granulomatous lesions composed of massive macrophages containing numerous acid-fast bacilli were prominently observed in the liver. Conclusion This study contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity and phenotypic characteristics of M. montefiorense, as well as the pathology of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komine
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyogo Ihara
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Inohana
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jennifer Caroline Kwok
- Retinal Disease Studies Facility, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Akane Shimizu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsumugi Terasawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saralee Srivorakul
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Mitsunori Yoshida
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kurata
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Wada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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Ebani VV. Bacterial Infections in Sea Turtles. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050333. [PMID: 37235416 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea turtles are important for the maintenance of marine and beach ecosystems, but they are seriously endangered due to factors mainly related to human activities and climate change such as pollution, temperature increase, and predation. Infectious and parasitic diseases may contribute to reducing the number of sea turtles. Bacteria are widespread in marine environments and, depending on the species, may act as primary or opportunistic pathogens. Most of them are able to infect other animal species, including humans, in which they can cause mild or severe diseases. Therefore, direct or indirect contact of humans with sea turtles, their products, and environment where they live represent a One Health threat. Chlamydiae, Mycobacteria, and Salmonellae are known zoonotic agents able to cause mild or severe diseases in sea turtles, other animals, and humans. However, other bacteria that are potentially zoonotic, including those that are antimicrobially resistant, are involved in different pathologies of marine turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Mycobacterium montefiorense Strains Isolated from Salamanders in Captivity. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0070222. [PMID: 36314924 PMCID: PMC9670993 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00702-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium montefiorense is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes infections in fish and salamanders. Here, we report annotated draft genome sequences of eight strains that were isolated in 2014 and 2018 from salamanders reared in an aquarium in Japan.
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Aghajani J, Farnia P, Farnia P, Ghanavi J, Saif S, Marjani M, Tabarsi P, Moniri A, Abtahian Z, Hoffner S, Velayati AA. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on incidence of mycobacterial diseases among suspected tuberculosis pulmonary patients in Tehran, Iran. Int J Mycobacteriol 2022; 11:415-422. [PMID: 36510928 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_167_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) caused limitations in the country's strategies to fight against mycobacterial infections. The aim of this study was to compare the suspected tuberculosis (TB) pulmonary patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2018-December 2021) who were referred to the National Reference TB Laboratory (NRL TB), Tehran, Iran. The mycobacterial isolated strains were identified and compared with previous data. Methods A total of 16,899 clinical samples collected from 7041 suspected pulmonary TB patients were received from 2018 to 2021. Primary isolation of Mycobacterium isolates was done on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Then, the DNA was extracted from acid-fast bacillus culture-positive samples and identification was performed by IS6110, Hsp65, and 16S-23S rRNA genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and nested PCR methods. Results A total of 11679 specimens (69.1%) from 4866 suspected TB patients were collected in 2018-2019 and 5220 specimens (30.8%; from 2175 patients) in 2020-2021. Out of 11679 specimens, 2046 samples that belong to 852 patients were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the remaining were non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM) species (n = 244) isolated from 102 patients. The cultures for 12894 specimens were either negative (76.3%) or contaminated (845/16899; 5%). A comparison of the total number of patients who were referred for diagnosis and treatment (954/666 patients, P > 0.05) showed a 30.1% reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although, with these low number of patients, the significant increases of NTM species (P < 0.05) among suspected TB pulmonary patients were observed. Besides, new species of NTM, for example, Mycobacterium peregrinum and Mycobacterium montefiorense, were detected. For the past 20 years, these two species were not reported from pulmonary patients in Iran. Conclusions During the pandemic of COVID-19, the TB diagnosis network became irregular, as a consequence, many patients could not reach the treatment center, and this could increase the circulation of mycobacterial diseases (TB and NTM). The study shows the emergence of new opportunistic NTM species also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Aghajani
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Farnia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalaledin Ghanavi
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Saif
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Moniri
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abtahian
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sven Hoffner
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Matsumoto M, Fischer U, Sano M, Kato G. Cell-mediated immune response against mycolic acids of Mycobacteroides salmoniphilum in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104195. [PMID: 34217784 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium spp. causes economic damages to the world aquaculture industry. In mammals, mycolic acids contained in the cell wall of Mycobacterium spp. are presented by CD1b molecule as lipid antigens and induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Here, we investigated CMI responses against the mycolic acids of Mycobacterioides salmoniphilum in a CD1-lacking teleost fish, rainbow trout. After stimulation of trout leukocytes with mycolic acids, the number and percentage of CD8α+ T cells increased. Fish immunized with mycolic acids showed an up-regulation of IFN-γ. Further, in vitro re-stimulation of leukocytes derived from immunized fish resulted in proliferation of CD8α+ cells. These data suggest that mycolic acids are recognized as lipid antigens resulting in an activation of rainbow trout CD8α+ cells and up-regulation of the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ. The mycolic acids are promising candidates for vaccines to activate CD8α+ T cells against fish mycobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsumoto
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Bioscience, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Motohiko Sano
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Bioscience, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Goshi Kato
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Bioscience, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
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Davidovich N, Morick D, Carella F. Mycobacteriosis in Aquatic Invertebrates: A Review of Its Emergence. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1249. [PMID: 32824567 PMCID: PMC7464023 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is a chronic bacterial disease reported in aquatic and terrestrial animals, including humans. The disease affects a wide range of cultured and wild organisms worldwide. Mycobacteriosis is well-known in aquatic vertebrates (e.g., finfish, marine mammals), while in the last few years, reports of its presence in aquatic invertebrates have been on the rise, for both freshwater and marine species. The number of cases is likely to increase as a result of increased awareness, surveillance and availability of diagnostic methods. Domestication of wild aquatic species and the intensification of modern aquaculture are also leading to an increase in the number of reported cases. Moreover, climate changes are affecting fresh and marine aquatic ecosystems. The increasing reports of mycobacteriosis in aquatic invertebrates may also be influenced by global climate warming, which could contribute to the microbes' development and survival rates, pathogen transmission and host susceptibility. Several species of the genus Mycobacterium have been diagnosed in aquatic invertebrates; a few of them are significant due to their wide host spectrum, economic impact in aquaculture, and zoonotic potential. The impact of mycobacteriosis in aquatic invertebrates is probably underestimated, and there is currently no effective treatment other than facility disinfection. In this review, we provide an overview of the diversity of mycobacterial infections reported in molluscs, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms and sponges. We highlight important issues relating to its pathological manifestation, diagnosis and zoonotic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Morick
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong, China
| | - Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, Ed. 7, 80136 Naples, Italy;
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Shirata M, Tamaru A, Marumo S, Fukui M. Mycobacterium triplex pulmonary disease in an immunocompetent host: A case report and literature review. IDCases 2019; 18:e00648. [PMID: 31720222 PMCID: PMC6838927 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The report describes a rare case of pulmonary disease due to M. triplex. The pulmonary lesion was discovered as an incidental finding on chest X-ray. The organism was identified by housekeeping gene sequencing analysis. The patient had a history of tuberculosis & non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. The patient was treated with antimicrobials and the lesion was cured.
Mycobacterium triplex (M. triplex) is a bacterial species that can cause severe pulmonary diseases. Despite its clinical importance, only a few cases of M. triplex infection have been reported. Here, we present a rare case of pulmonary disease due to M. triplex in an immunocompetent patient who showed abnormal findings on chest X-ray and computed tomography scans. In this patient, the bacterium was identified by DNA sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA and hsp65 genes. The patient was successfully treated with the appropriate antimicrobial agents. To put this case into the context of the current literature, we also reviewed other case reports of M. triplex infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shirata
- Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Aki Tamaru
- Division of Microbiology, Bacteriology Section, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Satoshi Marumo
- Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Motonari Fukui
- Respiratory Disease Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
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A mycobacterial disease is associated with the silent mass mortality of the pen shell Pinna nobilis along the Tyrrhenian coastline of Italy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2725. [PMID: 30804364 PMCID: PMC6389904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease is an increasing threat for marine bivalves worldwide. Recently, a mass mortality event (MME) impacting the bivalve Pinna nobilis was detected across a wide geographical area of the Spanish Mediterranean Sea and linked to a haplosporidian parasite. In 2017–2018, mass mortality events affecting the pen shell Pinna nobilis were recorded in two different regions of Italy, Campania and Sicily, in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Histopathological and molecular examinations of specimens showed the presence of Haplosporidium sp. in only one specimen in one area. Conversely, in all of the surveyed moribund animals, strong inflammatory lesions at the level of connective tissue surrounding the digestive system and gonads and linked to the presence of intracellular Zhiel-Neelsen-positive bacteria were observed. Molecular analysis of all of the diseased specimens (13) confirmed the presence of a Mycobacterium. Blast analysis of the sequences from all of the areas revealed that they were grouped together with the human mycobacterium M. sherrisii close to the group including M. shigaense, M. lentiflavum and M. simiae. Based on pathological and molecular findings, it is proposed that a mycobacterial disease is associated with the mortality episodes of Pinna nobilis, indicating that, at this time, Haplosporidium sp. is not responsible for these events in Campanian and Sicilian waters.
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Mycobacteriosis in Farmed Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Caused By Mycobacterium frederiksbergense in Turkey. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2018-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Over the past decades, different mycobacteriosis agents have become important fish pathogens. The present study describes a different mycobacteriosis in farmed sea bream (Sparus aurata) caused by Mycobacterium frederiksbergense in Turkey. Affected 15 fish, weighing 15 to 20 g, showed lethargy, stunted growth, pale skin, dorsal fin necrosis, and a significant level of mortality (40 %) in fish stocks. Internally, no multifocal white-colored granulomas in the visceral organs were observed. Inoculation of the visceral organs onto Löwenstein-Jensen medium and Tryptic Soy Agar (1.5% NaCl) slants produced only fast-growing (2-3 weeks), orange to yellow-colored, photochromogenic acid-fast colonies. Ziehl-Nielsen positive bacterial isolates were identified using a commercially available line probe assay (Genotype Mycobacterium CM/AS assay) and with 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fifteen isolates were identified as Mycobacterium frederiksbergense. Histopathologically, epithelioid cell granulomas were not observed in any vicseral organs but acid-fast bacteria were detected in the liver, kidney, spleen, and heart tissue. This study shows that asystemic mycobacteriosis is observed in sea bream with high mortality.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium montefiorense Isolated from Japanese Black Salamander (Hynobius nigrescens). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/21/e00448-18. [PMID: 29798927 PMCID: PMC5968723 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00448-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium montefiorense is a member of the Mycobacterium simiae complex, the largest group of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Here, we report the genome sequence of M. montefiorense isolate BS, isolated from diseased Japanese black salamander (Hynobius nigrescens) reared in an aquarium in Japan. This is the first reported case of an M. montefiorense infection in an amphibian.
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Abstract
Four slowly growing mycobacteria isolates were isolated from the respiratory tract and soft tissue biopsies collected in four unrelated patients in Iran. Conventional phenotypic tests indicated that these four isolates were identical to Mycobacterium lentiflavum while 16S rRNA gene sequencing yielded a unique sequence separated from that of M. lentiflavum. One representative strain AFP-003T was characterized as comprising a 6,121,237-bp chromosome (66.24% guanosine-cytosine content) encoding for 5,758 protein-coding genes, 50 tRNA and one complete rRNA operon. A total of 2,876 proteins were found to be associated with the mobilome, including 195 phage proteins. A total of 1,235 proteins were found to be associated with virulence and 96 with toxin/antitoxin systems. The genome of AFP-003T has the genetic potential to produce secondary metabolites, with 39 genes found to be associated with polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide syntases and 11 genes encoding for bacteriocins. Two regions encoding putative prophages and three OriC regions separated by the dnaA gene were predicted. Strain AFP-003T genome exhibits 86% average nucleotide identity with Mycobacterium genavense genome. Genetic and genomic data indicate that strain AFP-003T is representative of a novel Mycobacterium species that we named Mycobacterium ahvazicum, the nineteenth species of the expanding Mycobacterium simiae complex.
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Puk K, Banach T, Wawrzyniak A, Adaszek Ł, Ziętek J, Winiarczyk S, Guz L. Detection of Mycobacterium marinum, M. peregrinum, M. fortuitum and M. abscessus in aquarium fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:153-156. [PMID: 28699669 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Puk
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - T Banach
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Wawrzyniak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ł Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - J Ziętek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - S Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - L Guz
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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16
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Kwak Y, Li QX, Shin JH. Draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium rufum JS14(T), a polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium from petroleum-contaminated soil in Hawaii. Stand Genomic Sci 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27486485 PMCID: PMC4969647 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-016-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium rufum JS14T (=ATCC BAA-1377T, CIP 109273T, JCM 16372T, DSM 45406T), a type strain of the species Mycobacterium rufum sp. . belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae, was isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil in Hilo (HI, USA) because it harbors the capability of degrading PAH. Here, we describe the first genome sequence of strain JS14T, with brief phenotypic characteristics. The genome is composed of 6,176,413 bp with 69.25 % G + C content and contains 5810 protein-coding genes with 54 RNA genes. The genome information on M. rufum JS14T will provide a better understanding of the complexity of bacterial catabolic pathways for degradation of specific chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyoung Kwak
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
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17
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Chin'ombe N, Muzividzi B, Munemo E, Nziramasanga P. Molecular Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Humans in Zimbabwe Using 16S Ribosequencing. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:113-23. [PMID: 27335623 PMCID: PMC4899540 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801610010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were previously isolated from diverse environments such as water, soil, sewage, food and animals. Some of these NTM are now known to be opportunistic pathogens of humans. Objective: The main purpose of the study was to identify NTM isolates stored at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL) and were previously isolated from humans during a national tuberculosis (TB) survey. Methods: Pure NTM cultures already isolated from human sputum samples during the national TB survey were retrieved from the NMRL and used for this study. DNA was extracted from the samples and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The amplicons were sequenced and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the NTM species. Results: Out of total of 963 NTM isolates stored at the NMRL, 81 were retrieved for speciation. Forty isolates (49.4%) were found to belong to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) species. The other 41 isolates (50.6%) were identified as M. lentiflavum (6.2%), M. terrae complex (4.9%), M. paraense (4.9%), M. kansasii (3.7%), M. moriokaense (3.7%), M. asiaticum (2.5%), M. novocastrense (2.5%), M. brasiliensis (2.5%), M. elephantis (2.5%), M. paraffinicum (1.2%), M. bohemicum (1.2%), M. manitobense (1.2%), M. intermedium (1.2%), M. tuberculosis complex (1.2%), M. parakoreense (1.2%), M. florentinum (1.2%), M. litorale (1.2%), M. fluoranthenivorans (1.2%), M. sherrisii (1.2%), M. fortuitum (1.2%) and M septicum (1.2%). Two isolates (2.5%) could not be identified, but were closely related to M. montefiorense and M. phlei respectively. Interestingly, the MAC species were the commonest NTM during the survey. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of identifying species of NTM in Zimbabwe. Future studies need to ascertain their true diversity and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyasha Chin'ombe
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Boniface Muzividzi
- National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P.O. Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ellen Munemo
- National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P.O. Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Pasipanodya Nziramasanga
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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18
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Pourahmad F, Pate M, Ocepek M, Borroni E, Cabibbe AM, Capitolo E, Cittaro D, Frizzera E, Jenčič V, Mariottini A, Marumo K, Vaggelli G, Cirillo DM, Tortoli E. Mycobacterium angelicum sp. nov., a non-chromogenic, slow-growing species isolated from fish and related to Mycobacterium szulgai. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:4724-4729. [PMID: 26420689 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The name 'Mycobacterium angelicum' dates back to 2003 when it was suggested for a slowly growing mycobacterium isolated from freshwater angelfish. This name is revived here and the novel species is proposed on the basis of the polyphasic characterization of four strains including the original one. The four strains presented 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Mycobacterium szulgai but clearly differed from M. szulgai for the milky white aspect of the colonies. The sequence similarity with the type strain of M. szulgai ranged, in eight additionally investigated genetic targets, from 78.9 to 94.3 %, an evident contrast with the close relatedness that emerged at the level of 16S rRNA gene. The average nucleotide identity between the genomes of M. szulgai DSM 44166T and strain 126/5/03T (type strain of the novel species) was 92.92 %, and supported the status of independent species. The confirmation of the name Mycobacterium angelicum sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 126/5/03T ( = CIP 109313T = DSM 45057T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateja Pate
- National Veterinary Institute, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- National Veterinary Institute, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emanuele Borroni
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea M Cabibbe
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Capitolo
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cittaro
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vlasta Jenčič
- National Veterinary Institute, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Kenji Marumo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guendalina Vaggelli
- Mycrobiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela M Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Tortoli
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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19
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Comparison of methods for the isolation of mycobacteria from water treatment plant sludge. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1165-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Sevim P, Ozer S, Rad F. First isolation of Mycobacterium spp. in Mullus spp. in Turkey. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2015; 16:144-9. [PMID: 27175166 PMCID: PMC4827678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ichthyozoonotic Mycobacterium spp. poses health risks both to fish and humans. In this study, the presence of ichthyozoonotic Mycobacterium spp. was investigated in red mullet (Mullus barbatus barbatus) and surmullet (Mullus surmuletus), widely caught species in the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. A total of 208 fish samples, provided from fishermen of Mersin province (Turkey) were studied. Using conventional methods, Mycobacterium spp. was isolated and identified at the genus level by PCR and at the species level by PCR-RFLP. Thirteen Mycobacterium spp. were detected in 13 (6.25%) fish samples. Four mycobacteria were identified as M. genavense, three as M. fortuitum, three as M. scrofulaceum, one as M. marinum, one as M. vaccae and one as M. aurum. No signs of mycobacteriosis were observed in fish samples. Findings of this study can contribute to future studies of onichthyozoonotic Mycobacterium spp. in seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sevim
- Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Provincial Directorate of Çorum, Çorum, Turkey
| | - S Ozer
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Mersin, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - F Rad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Mersin, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
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21
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Zerihun MA, Colquhoun DJ, Poppe TT. Experimental mycobacteriosis in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:365-377. [PMID: 22404316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Piscine mycobacteriosis causes losses in a number of fish species both in the wild and in aquaculture worldwide. Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infections have on several occasions been reported in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The present study tested and confirmed the susceptibility of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., an important yet relatively novel aquaculture species, to infection with M. salmoniphilum. Atlantic cod injected intraperitoneally with a suspension of this bacterium were maintained together with cohabitant (COH) fish in a flow-through marine water system at 10-11 °C. The fish were supervised daily and samples taken at 2, 7, 14, 23, 34 and 53 weeks post-infection and examined pathologically, bacteriologically and using molecular biology. Injected mycobacteria were re-isolated in high concentrations from both injected and COH fish groups. Death attributable to mycobacterial infection was observed in both injected (47%) and COH (28%) fish groups. Extensive development of granuloma in visceral organs, mainly the mesenteries, spleen, kidney and liver (lesser extent) and at later stages of the infection in heart tissues and gills, was observed in both injected and COH fish. Granulomas underwent a temporal progression of distinct morphological stages, culminating in well-circumscribed lesions surrounded by normal or healing tissue. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in both granulomas and non-granulomatous tissues. This study confirms that Atlantic cod is highly susceptible to M. salmoniphilum infection and that this bacterial species may be a threat to cod both in the wild and in the aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zerihun
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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22
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Kazumi Y, Mitarai S. The evaluation of an identification algorithm for Mycobacterium species using the 16S rRNA coding gene and rpoB. Int J Mycobacteriol 2012; 1:21-8. [PMID: 26786945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional biochemical tests are the standard for the identification of Mycobacterium species, but molecular identifications are becoming more prevalent. The rpoB gene encodes the β-subunit of RNA polymerase and is utilized for the identification of Mycobacterium species. In the present study, a stepwise Mycobacterium species identification algorithm using the 16S rRNA encoding gene and rpoB analysis was evaluated for its effectiveness. METHODS A total of 172 clinical Mycobacterium isolates were tested, and concordant results were obtained with 108 strains by using the conventional method and molecular methods (AccuProbe or DDH method). RESULTS In these 108 strains, 4 strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis, but rpoB indicated no identical Mycobacterium species with more than 99% similarity. The remaining 64 strains were not identified by conventional method and commercial kits. Forty-two showed concordant results with 16S rRNA and rpoB analysis, and 13 strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis although rpoB indicated no identical Mycobacterium species. On the other hand, 4 strains included 2 strains of Gordona and 2 strains of M. celatum type II which were identified by rpoB but not by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Finally, 5 strains could not be identified by analysis of either gene. The rpoB analysis can differentiate M. kansasii from M. gastri; M. malmoense from M. szulgai; M. abscessus from M. chelonae; M. peregrinum from M. septicum; M. porcinum from M. fortuitum; and M. farucinogense from M. senegalense-pairs that are not differentiated by 16S rRNA analysis. Additionally, Nocardia asteroids, Rhodococcus equi, Gordona aichiense, G. aurantiaca, G. bronchialis and G. terrae are able to be analyzed by using rpoB. CONCLUSIONS The 16S rRNA gene identification is a rapid and prevalent method but still has some limitations. Therefore, the stepwise combination of rpoB with 16S rRNA gene analysis is an effective system for the identification of Mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kazumi
- Molecular Epidemiology Division, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Zerihun MA, Nilsen H, Hodneland S, Colquhoun DJ. Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:769-781. [PMID: 21916902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple greyish-white visceral nodules containing abundant rapidly growing and acid-fast bacteria, subsequently identified as Mycobacterium salmoniphilum, were detected in moribund and newly dead market-sized fish during a period of increased mortality in an Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, farm in western Norway. Isolates cultured from diseased fish were phenotypically consistent with Mycobacterium sp. previously isolated from Atlantic salmon [MT 1890 (= NCIMB13533), MT1892, MT1900 and MT1901] in the Shetland Isles, Scotland. Partial sequences of 16S rDNA, ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), 65-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp65) and β subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB) revealed 97-99% similarity with M. salmoniphilum type strain ATCC 13758(T) . The source of infection was not confirmed. Koch's postulates were fulfilled following experimental challenge of Atlantic salmon with field isolate NVI6598 (FJ616988). Mortality was recorded in experimentally infected fish; however, the infection remained subclinical in the majority of affected fish over the 131-day challenge period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zerihun
- National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Gauthier DT, Helenthal AM, Rhodes MW, Vogelbein WK, Kator HI. Characterization of photochromogenic Mycobacterium spp. from Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2011; 95:113-124. [PMID: 21848119 DOI: 10.3354/dao02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A large diversity of Mycobacterium spp. has been isolated from striped bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay, USA. The new species M. shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii are the dominant isolates, while the classical fish pathogen M. marinum is found much less frequently. M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, other Mycobacterium spp. known to commonly infect fishes, have not yet been aseptically isolated from striped bass within Chesapeake Bay. While M. pseudoshottsii and M. shottsii have been phenotypically and genotypically characterized, other less common mycobacterial isolates have not. In the present study, we describe 17 photochromogenic isolates from Chesapeake Bay striped bass using phenotypic characterization and multilocus sequencing of 16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes. Genetic characterization reveals that these isolates are related to widely divergent portions of the mycobacterial phylogeny; however, some interesting trends are observed, such as a majority of isolates (10/17) belonging to the M. simiae-related grouping. Five additional isolates were assigned to the slow-growing mycobacteria (including 2 identified as M. marinum), while 2 are clearly shown to belong genetically to the fast-growing mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
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25
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Sequence‐Based Identification and Characterization of Mycobacteria. Mol Microbiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555816834.ch27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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First human isolate of Mycobacterium poriferae in the sputum of a patient with chronic bronchitis. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3107-8. [PMID: 21653776 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00436-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Web-accessible database of hsp65 sequences from Mycobacterium reference strains. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2296-303. [PMID: 21450960 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02602-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria include a large number of pathogens. Identification to species level is important for diagnoses and treatments. Here, we report the development of a Web-accessible database of the hsp65 locus sequences (http://msis.mycobacteria.info) from 149 out of 150 Mycobacterium species/subspecies. This database can serve as a reference for identifying Mycobacterium species.
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28
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Tortoli E, Böttger EC, Fabio A, Falsen E, Gitti Z, Grottola A, Klenk HP, Mannino R, Mariottini A, Messinò M, Pecorari M, Rumpianesi F. Mycobacterium europaeum sp. nov., a scotochromogenic species related to the Mycobacterium simiae complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 61:1606-1611. [PMID: 20693362 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.025601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four strains isolated in the last 15 years were revealed to be identical in their 16S rRNA gene sequences to MCRO19, the sequence of which was deposited in GenBank in 1995. In a polyphasic analysis including phenotypic and genotypic features, the five strains (including MCRO19), which had been isolated in four European countries, turned out to represent a unique taxonomic entity. They are scotochromogenic slow growers and are genetically related to the group that included Mycobacterium simiae and 15 other species. The novel species Mycobacterium europaeum sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these five strains. Strain FI-95228(T) ( = DSM 45397(T) = CCUG 58464(T)) was chosen as the type strain. In addition, a thorough revision of the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the species related to M. simiae was conducted which leads us to suggest the denomination of the 'Mycobacterium simiae complex' for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tortoli
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Erik C Böttger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Fabio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Enevold Falsen
- Culture Collection University of Göteborg, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zoe Gitti
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Mycobacteriology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Herakleon, Greece
| | - Antonella Grottola
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roberta Mannino
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Massimino Messinò
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Pecorari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Rumpianesi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
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hsp65 PCR-restriction analysis (PRA) with capillary electrophoresis in comparison to three other methods for identification of Mycobacterium species. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 80:190-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Mycobacteriosis in fish can result in ulcers, emaciation, and in some cases death. Mycobacteria have been previously isolated from a variety of Chesapeake Bay fish species, and the current study was designed to identify potential host specificity and location fidelity of mycobacterial isolates. Mycobacteria were isolated from wild fish of the Chesapeake Bay collected from the Upper Bay, the Choptank River, Herring Bay, the Chicamacomico River, the Pocomoke River and the Potomac River in 2003-2006. Mycobacterial isolates were recovered from striped bass, Morone saxatilis, Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, white perch, Morone americana, summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, common carp, Cyprinus carpio carpio, spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, killifish, Fundulus sp., blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis, American gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum and American silver perch, Bairdiella chrysoura. Twenty-nine well-defined mycobacterial groups resulted from gas chromatography dendrogram clustering of isolates. The majority of groups included more than one host species and more than one site of collection. However, four groups contained only striped bass isolates, three of which were similar to M. shottsii. Therefore, multiple Chesapeake Bay fish species are colonized with multiple mycobacterial isolates, of which few appear to be host or location specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Stine
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD, USA
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31
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Pourahmad F, Thompson KD, Adams A, Richards RH. Detection and identification of aquatic mycobacteria in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fish tissues. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2009; 32:409-419. [PMID: 19392681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of mycobacteria from field samples is problematic, and isolation of the bacterium is sometimes not even attempted. The detection of mycobacteria through traditional histology using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is neither sensitive nor specific. However, detection of mycobacterial DNA from FFPE specimens, suspected of being infected with mammalian mycobacteriosis, is a routine clinical procedure. In the present study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was used to detect and identify mycobacteria in FFPE specimens sampled from fish suspected of being infected with fish mycobacteriosis. A total of 45 fish tissue samples, comprising of 12 tissue samples obtained from experimentally infected fish and the remainder from fish naturally infected with mycobacteria, were analysed using a PCR protocol which amplifies a fragment of the mycobacterial 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) gene. PCR-restriction enzyme analysis and/or sequencing were employed to further analyse the PCR amplicons. The PCR results were compared with those obtained by histology and culture. Mycobacterial DNA was detected in 34 of the 45 samples examined, of which 16 samples (47%) showed granulomatous reactions on histological examination. Using histology as the gold standard, no false-negative PCR results were obtained. Also, considering the presence or absence of granulomas as a diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR in 42 of the FFPE tissues were 16/16 (100%) and 8/26 (approximately 30.8%), respectively. Corresponding microbiological cultures were available for 15 cases, of which 13 were pure Mycobacterium cultures. Of these, 13 were PCR positive (100% sensitivity and 50% specificity). The PCR-based methods used here proved sensitive, specific and rapid for the detection of mycobacteria in routinely processed paraffin wax-embedded and formalin-fixed histological samples, and the results of the study suggest that this method has potential use in retrospective epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pourahmad
- Aquatic Vaccine Unit, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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32
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Jacobs JM, Stine CB, Baya AM, Kent ML. A review of mycobacteriosis in marine fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2009; 32:119-130. [PMID: 19261041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is a serious and often lethal disease of fish, affecting a wide range of species globally both in culture and wild settings. Caused by several species of the genus Mycobacterium, the disease has received considerable attention in recent years because of the discovery of new species in piscine hosts, epizootics in wild fisheries, and the ability of a few species to infect humans. The impact of this disease in aquaculture and the aquaria trade has been well reported and there is currently no widely accepted cure other than depopulation and facility disinfection. However, the impact on wild fisheries is poorly understood and may relate to species-specific interactions (host-pathogen) and possibly environmental stressors. In this review, much of what is known about mycobacteriosis in marine fish is summarized with particular attention to an epizootic in striped bass, Morone saxatilis, (Walbaum), in Chesapeake Bay, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jacobs
- NOAA/NOS/NCCOS Cooperative Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654, USA.
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33
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Pourahmad F, Cervellione F, Thompson KD, Taggart JB, Adams A, Richards RH. Mycobacterium stomatepiae sp. nov., a slowly growing, non-chromogenic species isolated from fish. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 58:2821-7. [PMID: 19060066 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.2008/001164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowly growing, non-chromogenic mycobacteria were isolated from striped barombi mbo cichlids (Stomatepia mariae) maintained at the London Zoo Aquarium, UK. The isolates could be differentiated from other slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria by a combination of phenotypic features including their inability to grow at 37 degrees C, positive tests for heat-stable catalase, tellurite reduction and arylsulfatase activity, and the absence of urease activity, Tween 80 hydrolysis, nitrate reductase, iron uptake and semiquantitative catalase. The almost full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence, together with partial sequences from the 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and the beta-subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase (rpoB) genes and the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) region were identical for all three novel strains, but distinct from those of all known mycobacterial species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel isolates within the slowly growing mycobacteria group in close proximity to Mycobacterium florentinum. Based on genotypic and phenotypic findings, it is proposed that these isolates represent a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, for which the name Mycobacterium stomatepiae sp. nov. is proposed with strain T11(T) (=DSM 45059(T)=CIP 109275(T)=NCIMB 14252(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazel Pourahmad
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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34
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Pourahmad F, Thompson KD, Taggart JB, Adams A, Richards RH. Evaluation of the INNO-LiPA mycobacteria v2 assay for identification of aquatic mycobacteria. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:931-940. [PMID: 19017069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-seven isolates of mycobacteria comprising 10 reference strains, 47 field isolates and one non-Mycobacterium isolate were screened using commercial INNO-LiPA v2 assay kits. All mycobacteria isolates tested hybridized with the Mycobacterium genus probe on the LiPA strip. All M. marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae reference and field strains and three out of the four M. gordonae isolates hybridized to their corresponding species- or complex-specific probes. Two cultures (a type strain and a field isolate) yielded mixed growth of two mycobacterial species, i.e. M. chelonae and M. fortuitum. A Mycobacterium isolate from one of these cultures was subsequently purified and correctly identified with the kit. However, sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of various mycobacteria isolates revealed a misidentification of M. shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii with the kit because these isolates reacted with the M. marinum/M. ulcerans probe. Moreover, nine of the 13 field isolates presumed to be M. fortuitum from the results of the kit had closer ITS sequence homology with M. conceptionense, a species which, to our knowledge, has never been reported in fish. These findings highlight the need to redesign the M. fortuitum-M. peregrinum probe included in the INNO-LiPA assay and to introduce additional complex-specific probes into the kit. Nevertheless, the kit proved to be a rapid and reliable method for identifying mycobacteria in the aquatic environment and would be particularly useful in laboratories without sequencing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pourahmad
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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35
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Mycobacteriosis in fishes: a review. Vet J 2008; 180:33-47. [PMID: 18620877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium species have long been recognised as a significant source of morbidity and mortality in finfish aquaculture, as well as in wild finfishes. Mycobacteria infecting fishes also include zoonotic pathogens that can cause protracted illness, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Several basic aspects of mycobacterial pathobiology in aquatic animals remain poorly understood, although a number of important recent developments have been made, especially with respect to identification of novel Mycobacterium spp. infecting fishes and a new group of mycobacteria closely related to the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. This review will encompass important aspects of mycobacterial disease in fishes, discuss recent research including studies of mycobacteriosis in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) of Chesapeake Bay, USA, and suggest directions for future work.
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36
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Mycobacterium peregrinum infection in farmed European tench (Tinca tinca L.). Vet Microbiol 2008; 131:393-9. [PMID: 18539409 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work is the first description of Mycobacterium peregrinum as an etiological agent for mycobacteriosis in farmed fishes. We report the mycobacterial infection in farmed European tench (Tinca tinca L.) which was confirmed by culture, molecular identification methods (PCRs aimed at 16S rRNA, rpobeta and hsp65 sequencing), and histopathology. Since M. peregrinum infection has been described in humans, their clinical significance in fishes should be considered of healthcare interest. With this case report, we also show that a multidisciplinary approach was needed to overcome difficulties associated to diagnosis of piscine mycobacteriosis.
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37
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Whipps CM, Butler WR, Pourahmad F, Watral VG, Kent ML. Molecular systematics support the revival of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum (ex Ross 1960) sp. nov., nom. rev., a species closely related to Mycobacterium chelonae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 57:2525-2531. [PMID: 17978213 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections in fish are usually attributed to strains of Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Bacteria identified as M. chelonae have been isolated numerous times from salmonid fishes. Recently, this bacterium has been associated with salmon mortalities in the aquaculture industry. An M. chelonae-like species from salmon, 'Mycobacterium salmoniphilum', was described in 1960. However, the species name lost standing in nomenclature when it was omitted from the 1980 Approved Lists of Bacterial Names because the species could not be distinguished with confidence from M. fortuitum. In the 1980s, mycobacteria isolated from salmon were characterized as a distinct subspecies, 'Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. piscarium'. Again, the uncertainty of the validity of the species resulted in the subsequent withdrawal of the name. Since then, most studies have considered isolates from salmon to be M. chelonae. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the small-subunit rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes was used to examine the taxonomic relatedness of type cultures and authentic isolates in our culture collection available from earlier studies. The M. chelonae-like strains from salmon were phylogenetically distinct from other Mycobacterium strains and members of the M. chelonae complex. Moreover, the cell-wall-bound mycolic acids were not representative of known mycolate patterns for M. chelonae-complex organisms. These results supported the status of the species as a separate taxon and effect the valid publication of the name 'M. salmoniphilum' as Mycobacterium salmoniphilum (ex Ross 1960) sp. nov., nom. rev., with the type strain SCT (=ATCC 13578T =DSM 43276T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Whipps
- Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3404, USA
| | - W Ray Butler
- Mycobacteriology Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fazel Pourahmad
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ilam University, PO Box 69315-516, Ilam, Iran.,Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Virginia G Watral
- Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3404, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3404, USA
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38
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Harriff MJ, Bermudez LE, Kent ML. Experimental exposure of zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton), to Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium peregrinum reveals the gastrointestinal tract as the primary route of infection: a potential model for environmental mycobacterial infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2007; 30:587-600. [PMID: 17850575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The natural route by which fish become infected with mycobacteria is unknown. Danio rerio (Hamilton) were exposed by bath immersion and intubation to Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium peregrinum isolates obtained from diseased zebrafish. Exposed fish were collected over the course of 8 weeks and examined for the presence of mycobacteriosis. Mycobacteria were consistently cultured from the intestines, and often from the livers and spleens of fish exposed by both methods. Mycobacteria were not observed in the gills. Histological analysis revealed that fish infected with M. marinum often developed granulomas accompanied by clinical signs of mycobacteriosis, while infection with M. peregrinum infrequently led to clinical signs of disease. Passage of the bacteria through environmental amoebae (Acanthamoeba castellani) was associated with increased growth of M. peregrinum over the course of 8 weeks, when compared to infection with the bacteria not passed through amoebae. The results provide evidence that zebrafish acquire mycobacteria primarily through the intestinal tract, resulting in mycobacterial dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Harriff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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39
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Uyttebroek M, Vermeir S, Wattiau P, Ryngaert A, Springael D. Characterization of cultures enriched from acidic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil for growth on pyrene at low pH. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3159-64. [PMID: 17369339 PMCID: PMC1907120 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02837-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils of pH 2 were successfully used as inoculum to enrich cultures growing on phenanthrene and pyrene at different pHs, including pH 3. Selected pyrene-utilizing cultures obtained at pH 3, pH 5, and pH 7 were further characterized. All showed rapid [14C]pyrene mineralization at pH 3 and pH 5 and grew on pyrene at pH values ranging from 2 to 6. Eubacterial and mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting and sequencing indicated that the cultures were dominated by a single bacterium closely related to Mycobacterium montefiorense, belonging to the slow-growing Mycobacterium sp. In contrast, a culture enriched on pyrene at pH 7 from a slightly alkaline soil sampled at the same site was dominated by Pseudomonas putida and a fast-growing Mycobacterium sp. The M. montefiorense-related species dominating the pyrene-utilizing cultures enriched from the acidic soils was also the dominant Mycobacterium species in the acidic soils. Our data indicate that a slow-growing Mycobacterium species is involved in PAH degradation in that culture and show that bacteria able to degrade high-molecular-weight PAHs at low pH are present in acidic PAH-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Uyttebroek
- Division Soil and Water Management, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Abstract
The continuous evolution of mycobacterial taxonomy may represent a source of confusion for laboratories and clinicians. Apart from the obvious pathogenic strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans, the role of other mycobacteria may be associated with varying conditions ranging from contamination to specific disease processes. Of the more than 120 mycobacterial species recognized currently, very few have not been reported as pathogenic in humans or animals. Although the attempt to keep pace with the steadily increasing number of mycobacterial species seems hopeless, a careful review of the recent literature relevant to the newly described species may be advantageous. The aim of this present update is to provide epidemiological and clinical information along with major phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the species described in the last 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tortoli
- Regional Reference Centre for Mycobacteria, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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41
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Iwen PC, Tarantolo SR, Mohamed AM, Hinrichs SH. First report of Mycobacterium nebraskense as a cause of human infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 56:451-3. [PMID: 16935454 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Newly described nontuberculous Mycobacterium species have emerged as causes of opportunistic infection in compromised patients. This report describes the first case of Mycobacterium nebraskense isolated from a patient with a history of emphysema and details the need for adequate diagnostic capabilities to manage patients with infections caused by slow-growing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Iwen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA.
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42
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McNabb A, Adie K, Rodrigues M, Black WA, Isaac-Renton J. Direct identification of mycobacteria in primary liquid detection media by partial sequencing of the 65-kilodalton heat shock protein gene. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:60-6. [PMID: 16390949 PMCID: PMC1351931 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.1.60-66.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated extending the use of direct partial hsp65 gene sequencing for the identification of mycobacteria to isolates in primary liquid detection media as an economical, feasible, and more rapid means of identification. During the course of the study, the hsp65 sequence-based identifications for isolates from 670 primary liquid detection media determined to be positive for acid-fast bacilli were compared to the identifications derived from Accuprobes, biochemical test panels, or 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Preliminary analysis indicated a 97.6% concordance, with a final agreement of 99.1% between the identification algorithms. hsp65 sequencing costs (32.84 US dollars) were greater than the cost of identification with Accuprobe (9 US dollars) but less than the cost of the biochemical test panel identification (average cost, 98.90 US dollars) and equivalent to the cost of 16S rRNA sequencing, although there was a referral cost (59.85 US dollars) for the shipping of isolates to another reference laboratory. Analysis indicated that our laboratory would have recognized a cost savings of approximately 12,000 US dollars by using hsp65 sequencing to identify isolates from specimens with a negative fluorescent- smear status and would have achieved further savings by using it as an alternative to biochemical panel testing for fluorescent-smear-positive specimens. The time to identification by hsp65 gene sequencing was slightly longer than that required by the Accuprobe assay (1 versus 2 days), shorter than that required by the biochemical test panels (2 days versus 26 days on average), and more rapid than referral for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McNabb
- Laboratory Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Canada.
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43
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Poort MJ, Whipps CM, Watral VG, Font WF, Kent ML. Molecular characterization of a Mycobacterium species in non-native poeciliids in Hawaii using DNA sequences. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2006; 29:181-5. [PMID: 16533304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Poort
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Fish Disease Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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44
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Rhodes MW, Kator H, McNabb A, Deshayes C, Reyrat JM, Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace R, Trott KA, Parker JM, Lifland B, Osterhout G, Kaattari I, Reece K, Vogelbein W, Ottinger CA. Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing chromogenic species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:1139-1147. [PMID: 15879246 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of slowly growing photochromogenic mycobacteria was isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. Biochemical reactions, growth characteristics and mycolic acid profiles (HPLC) resembled those of Mycobacterium shottsii, a non-pigmented mycobacterium also isolated during the same epizootic. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, the gene encoding the exported repeated protein (erp) and the gene encoding the 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and restriction enzyme analysis of the hsp65 gene demonstrated that this group of isolates is unique. Insertion sequences associated with Mycobacterium ulcerans, IS2404 and IS2606, were detected by PCR. These isolates could be differentiated from other slowly growing pigmented mycobacteria by their inability to grow at 37 °C, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase, negative Tween 80 hydrolysis and resistance to isoniazid (1 μg ml−1), p-nitrobenzoic acid, thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. On the basis of this polyphasic study, it is proposed that these isolates represent a novel species, Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov. The type strain, L15T, has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC BAA-883T and the National Collection of Type Cultures (UK) as NCTC 13318T.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Bass/microbiology
- Chaperonin 60
- Chaperonins/genetics
- DNA Transposable Elements
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Genes, rRNA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium/classification
- Mycobacterium/isolation & purification
- Mycobacterium/physiology
- Mycolic Acids/analysis
- Mycolic Acids/isolation & purification
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Virginia
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha W Rhodes
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Howard Kator
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Alan McNabb
- Laboratory Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver BC, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Caroline Deshayes
- Avenir Group, Inserm U570, Avenir Group, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Marc Reyrat
- Avenir Group, Inserm U570, Avenir Group, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Richard Wallace
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Kristin A Trott
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John M Parker
- Office of Laboratory Animal Care, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Barry Lifland
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Ilsa Kaattari
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Kimberly Reece
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Wolfgang Vogelbein
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Christopher A Ottinger
- US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
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45
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Tortoli E, Rindi L, Goh KS, Katila ML, Mariottini A, Mattei R, Mazzarelli G, Suomalainen S, Torkko P, Rastogi N. Mycobacterium florentinum sp. nov., isolated from humans. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:1101-1106. [PMID: 15879240 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight mycobacterial strains isolated during an 11 year period from the sputum of independent patients with various pulmonary disorders and, in one case, from a lymph node of a young girl, were found to present identical features. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics revealed that the most closely related species to these test isolates were Mycobacterium triplex and Mycobacterium lentiflavum. However, the lipids of the cell wall of the test isolates differed from those of the latter species by TLC and presented unique profiles by both GC and HPLC. Genotypic analysis showed that they had unique 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and could be differentiated from all other mycobacterial strains by PCR restriction analysis of hsp65. The strains presented high resistance to antimycobacterial drugs. The name Mycobacterium florentinum sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon, with strain FI-93171T (=DSM 44852T=CIP 108409T) as the type strain.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Cell Wall/chemistry
- Chaperonin 60
- Chaperonins/genetics
- Child
- Chromatography, Gas
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Feces/microbiology
- Female
- Genes, rRNA
- Humans
- Lipids/analysis
- Lipids/isolation & purification
- Lymph Nodes/microbiology
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium/classification
- Mycobacterium/cytology
- Mycobacterium/isolation & purification
- Mycobacterium/physiology
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sputum/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tortoli
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Rindi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnologies, Infectivology and Epidemiology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Khye S Goh
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, 97165 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Marja L Katila
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alessandro Mariottini
- Genetics and Cytogenetics Unit, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Romano Mattei
- Clinical Laboratory, Campo di Marte Hospital, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Gianna Mazzarelli
- Microbiological and Virological Serum-immunology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sini Suomalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Torkko
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, National Public Health Institute, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nalin Rastogi
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, 97165 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
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46
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Herdman AV, Steele JCH. The new mycobacterial species—emerging or newly distinguished pathogens. Clin Lab Med 2004; 24:651-90, vi. [PMID: 15325060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diseases due to nontuberculous mycobacteria are increasing in frequency, especially in patients with compromised immunity. A number of "new" mycobacterial species have been described in the last decade, largely as the result of the use of new tools to identify previously unrecognized mycobacteria found in the environment and in clinical specimens. This article reviews many of these potentially pathogenic organisms, summarizing what is known regarding their phenotypic and genotypic characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V Herdman
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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47
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Häfner B, Haag H, Geiss HK, Nolte O. Different molecular methods for the identification of rarely isolated non-tuberculous mycobacteria and description of new hsp65 restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. Mol Cell Probes 2004; 18:59-65. [PMID: 15036371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is done frequently to identify non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) on a genetic basis. Here we report the results of analysing the hsp65 patterns of some rarely isolated NTM for which patterns have not been published before (Mycobacterium bohemicum, Mycobacterium hassiacum, Mycobacterium heckeshornense, Mycobacterium monacense, and Mycobacterium triplex). Furthermore new hsp65-variants for Mycobacterium interjectum (type II), Mycobacterium mucogenicum (type V), Mycobacterium gordonae (type VIII) and Mycobacterium paraffinicum (perhaps synonymous to Mycobacterium scrofulaceum) are described. All species were characterised by hsp65-RFLP, sequencing a 441-bp fragment of the hsp65 gene and sequencing the hypervariable region of the 16S rDNA. Additional data for less frequently isolated mycobacteria are provided and the hitherto described data for the Mycobacterium gordonae complex are summarised. Although the hsp65-RFLP analysis turned out to be a useful method a number of restraints (lack of standardisation, slight variability in fragment length) limits its broader use. Reliable identification of NTM needs, however, more than one molecular method. Identification results obtained by applying different methods yielded conflicting results. Confusion may be caused by older data base entries which are not updated and not longer reflect the actual systematic and taxonomy of the genus Mycobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Häfner
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Hygiene-Institute, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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