1
|
Seignères B, Descamps F, Croise R, Barlet V, Bouvier-Alias M, Chevaliez S, Pawlotsky JM, Abdelhady W, Rafik M, Avellon AM, Echevarria JM, Hausmann M, Dugua JM. Multicenter clinical evaluation of the new 3rd generation assay for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus on the VIDAS(®) system. J Clin Virol 2016; 78:20-6. [PMID: 26962723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of antibodies (anti-HCV) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is indispensable for screening and diagnosis of viral hepatitis and for the viral safety of blood, tissue or organ donations. It gains additional importance by the new HCV drugs which improve the therapeutic possibilities dramatically. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a newly developed immune assay for anti-HCV based on the well-established VIDAS platform. STUDY DESIGN The assay was evaluated with samples from anti-HCV negative blood donors and from patients with or without HCV markers in six centres in France, Spain and Egypt. The status of the samples was determined by using CE-marked immune assays (Architect, AxSym, Prism, Vitros), two immunoblots (RIBA, Inno-Lia) and/or HCV RNA results. RESULTS Specificity was 99.67% in 10,320 French blood donors without anti-HCV, 99.5% in 200 anti-HCV negative hospitalized European patients and 99.0% in 198 negative patients from Egypt. Sensitivity was 99.7% in 1054 patients pretested positive by other assays; 345 patients with known genotype had genotype 1-6; 61 patients were co-infected with HIV. VIDAS was reactive in 78% of 91 patients with uncertain or very weak anti-HCV. It became on average positive at day 37 with seroconversion panels. CONCLUSIONS This multicentric, international study with >12,000 samples show that the new VIDAS anti-HCV assay is very suitable for screening and confirmation of HCV infection. Sensitivity, specificity and recognition of seroconversion compare favorably with well-established CE-marked tests and help to clarify discrepant results obtained with other assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Seignères
- bioMérieux, R&D Immunoassays, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | | | - R Croise
- EFS Rhône-Alpes, Metz-Tessy, France
| | - V Barlet
- EFS Rhône-Alpes, Metz-Tessy, France
| | - M Bouvier-Alias
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - S Chevaliez
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - J M Pawlotsky
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - W Abdelhady
- Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams Faculty of Medecine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Rafik
- Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams Faculty of Medecine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Avellon
- National Centre of Microbiology, Department of Virology, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - J M Echevarria
- National Centre of Microbiology, Department of Virology, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - M Hausmann
- bioMérieux, R&D Immunoassays, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - J-M Dugua
- bioMérieux, R&D Immunoassays, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Usefulness of a fourth generation ELISA assay for the reliable identification of HCV infection in HIV-positive adults from Gabon (Central Africa). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116975. [PMID: 25617896 PMCID: PMC4305295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Guidelines for optimized HCV screening are urgently required in Africa, especially for patients infected with HIV, who sometimes show false positive or false negative reactivity in anti-HCV antibody assays. Here, we assessed the usefulness of a fourth-generation HCV Ag-Ab ELISA for the identification of active HCV infection in HIV-positive patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between 03/2010 and 01/2013 and included 762 Gabonese HIV-positive adult patients. The results of ELISA (Monolisa HCV Ag-Ab ULTRA, Bio-Rad) were compared with those obtained by RT-PCR (gold standard). The optimal ELISA signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratio to identify patients with active hepatitis C (positive HCV RNA) was determined. Specimens were further tested by the INNO-LIA HCV Score assay (Innogenetics) and the Architect HCV Ag kit (Abbott) to define the best diagnostic strategy. Results Sixty-seven patients tested positive for HCV (S/CO ratio ≥ 1) by ELISA. Of these, 47 (70.1%) tested positive for HCV RNA. The optimal S/CO associated with active HCV infection was 1.7. At this threshold, the sensitivity of ELISA was 97.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 90.0–99.9%), its specificity was 91.3% (95% CI 85.0–95.5%), and HCV seroprevalence rate was 7.3% (56/762) (95% CI 5.6–9.4%). Among 57 HCV-seropositive patients with available INNO-LIA results, false reactivity was identified in 14 (24.6%), resolved HCV infection in two (3.5%), possible acute HCV infections in nine (15.8%) and likely chronic HCV infections in 32 (56.1%) patients. HCV core Ag was undetectable in 14/15 (93.3%) specimens that tested negative for HCV RNA whereas it was quantified in 34 (out of 39, 87.2%) samples that tested positive for HCV RNA. Conclusions Our study provides comprehensive guidance for HCV testing in Gabon, and will help greatly clinicians to improve case definitions for both the notification and surveillance of HCV in patients co-infected with HIV.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang K, Wang L, Sun Y, Zhang R, Lin G, Xie J, Li J. Improving the safety of blood transfusion by using a combination of two screening assays for hepatitis C virus. Transfus Med 2014; 24:297-304. [PMID: 25262976 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To illustrate that the combination of a single nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) with a single immunoassay for hepatitis C virus (HCV) detection, as proposed internationally, may lead to the omission of anti-HCV reactive sera with non-reactive NAT results. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 822 of 519, 299 serum samples from 11 blood centres in China were retested for anti-HCV by using 10 screening assays to detect HCV antibodies. A recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA HCV 3·0; Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics) was performed to define confirmed HCV infection status. Samples with positive or indeterminate RIBA-HCV results were tested by quantitative tests for HCV RNA (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS We found that 47 of the 822 (5·72%) serum samples were RIBA-positive without detectable HCV RNA. For these samples, the 10 anti-HCV immunoassays gave discordant and unsatisfactory results (detection rate ranging from 10·64 to 34·04%; ratio per 100 000 donations ranging from 5·97 to 8·09). Compared with a single anti-HCV screening assay, the two-assay combination increased the detection of these samples. The five best combinations [Sorin and Lizhu enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), Ortho and Lizhu EIAs, Sorin and Wantai EIAs, Sorin EIA and Roche CIA and Ortho and Wantai EIAs] increased the detection rate from 46·81 to 55·57%, thus reducing the ratio per 100 000 donations of HCV-seropositive samples. CONCLUSION The combination of two anti-HCV screening immunoassays in parallel with an HCV NAT is a better strategy for HCV detection in blood centres to improve the safety of blood transfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Generation of a parvovirus B19 vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2013; 31:3872-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Zeng Y, You X, Liu L, He J, Zhu C, Yu M, Ma X, Wu Y. The immune effects of multiple antigen peptides containing the mimic epitopes of the adhesion protein of Mycoplasma genitalium. Can J Microbiol 2013; 59:479-84. [PMID: 23826957 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses stimulated by multiple antigen peptides (MAPs) containing the mimic epitopes of Mycoplasma genitalium adhesion protein (MgPa). Three MAPs containing the mimic epitopes of MgPa were synthesized on a branched polylysine matrix. After purification and characterization, these MAPs were used to immunize BALB/c mice. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and the subtype of IgG antibody in the serum of the immunized mice were detected by indirect ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The proliferation of the spleen lymphocyte was detected using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels in the cultured supernatant of spleen lymphocytes were measured by ELISA. The 3 different MAPs were prepared with high purity. Levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies were elevated in the mice serum immunized by all 3 MAPs. The major antibody isotype was IgG2a. Importantly, mice immunized with a mixture of the 3 MAPs produced significantly more antibodies than those immunized with a single MAP (p < 0.05). Moreover, these MAPs could stimulate the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of immunized mice and induce the production of IFN-γ and IL-4. The IFN-γ and IL-4 levels stimulated by the mixed MAPs were significantly higher than those stimulated by a single MAP (p < 0.01). The 3 different MAPs could induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses. The immunoreactivity of the mixed MAPs was stronger than that of the single MAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alaee M, Rajabi P, Sharifi Z, Farajollahi MM. Immunoreactivity assessment of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease and NS5A proteins expressed in TOPO cloning system. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2012; 47:282-91. [PMID: 23040046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of acute and chronic liver disease. Numerous screening assays based on the detection of immunoresponses to HCV structural and nonstructural proteins have been designed. Various studies have demonstrated genotype-specific differences in anti-HCV antibody responses to different HCV proteins. METHODS Full-length NS3 protease and N-terminally truncated NS5A were expressed using pET TOPO 102/D system. Antigenicity of the purified recombinant proteins was assessed by immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, anti-HCV antibody responses to the recombinant proteins were evaluated in three prevalent genotypes in Iran. RESULTS We were able to express and purify NS5A and NS3 protease using TOPO cloning system. The HCV NS3 protease and NS5A produced in BL21 Star (DE3) was immunoreactive. Our results demonstrate that NS3 protease and NS5A have good immunoreactivity, but they are not sufficient for detecting all HCV-positive sera. No significant genotype-specific differences were detected in immunoresponses to the recombinant proteins. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we successfully isolated, expressed, and purified substantial amount of HCV NS3 protease and N-terminally truncated NS5A, and used them as capturing antigens in a screening ELISA assay with high sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity. Accordingly, it is well confirmed that TOPO cloning system can be used as a dynamic system in order to express higher amount of immunoreactive viral proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Alaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Rajabi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Morad Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
O'Connell RJ, Gates RG, Bautista CT, Imbach M, Eggleston JC, Beardsley SG, Manak MM, Gonzales R, Rentas FJ, Macdonald VW, Cardo LJ, Reiber DT, Stramer SL, Michael NL, Peel SA. Laboratory evaluation of rapid test kits to detect hepatitis C antibody for use in predonation screening in emergency settings. Transfusion 2012; 53:505-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Sowole MA, Kraatz HB. Electrochemical detection of hepatitis C viral NS3-4A protease. Analyst 2012; 137:1120-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
Kohler ME, Johnson BD, Palen K, Chen QR, Khan J, Orentas RJ. Tumor antigen analysis in neuroblastoma by serological interrogation of bioinformatic data. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2316-24. [PMID: 20718755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of tumor antigens remains a major objective in tumor immunology, especially in pediatric malignancies where solid tumors often do not express a single dominant antigen. Methods such as the Serological Screening of Recombinant cDNA Expression Libraries (SEREX) have been used in the discovery of tumor-expressed proteins by virtue of their ability to induce an antibody response. To focus and accelerate this approach, we first identified candidate antigens by gene expression profiling data from clinical neuroblastoma specimens and then used an animal model to generate an antibody response to an engineered cell-based vaccine. Candidate tumor antigens were expressed as recombinant proteins in a mammalian system and screened for antibody recognition using serum from mice vaccinated with a neuroblastoma cell-based vaccine engineered to express CD80 and CD86, with or without Treg depletion. Through this procedure, the never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase NEK2 was identified as a tumor-associated antigen. Direct testing of serum from patients newly diagnosed with neuroblastoma showed specific serological responses in two of 20 patients. Although NEK2 was not universally recognized, it may serve as a tumor antigen for some patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Eric Kohler
- Department of Pediatrics Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang GH, Luo YJ, Wu XY, Si BY, Lin L, Zhu QY. Monoclonal antibody induced with inactived EV71-Hn2 virus protects mice against lethal EV71-Hn2 virus infection. Virol J 2010; 7:106. [PMID: 20500892 PMCID: PMC2887433 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a viral pathogen that belongs to the Picornaviridae family, EV71-infected children can develop severe neurological complications leading to rapid clinical deterioration and death. Results In this study, several monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced by immunizing mice with the inactived EV71 Henan (Hn2) virus strain. The isolated MAbs were characterised by in vitro neutralizing analysis and peptide ELISA. ELISA assay showed that the neutralizing monoclonal antibody 4E8 specifically reacted with synthetic peptides which contain amino acid 240-250 and 250-260 of EV71 VP1. The in vivo protection assay showed that 4E8 can protect two-day-old BALB/c mice against the lethal challenge of EV71 virus. Conclusion The MAb 4E8 could be a promising candidate to be humanized and used for treatment of EV71 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-hui Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Fengtai District, Beijing, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lara J, Wohlhueter RM, Dimitrova Z, Khudyakov YE. Artificial neural network for prediction of antigenic activity for a major conformational epitope in the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein. Bioinformatics 2008; 24:1858-64. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
12
|
Sensitivity of a rapid immuno-chromatographic test for hepatitis C antibodies detection. J Clin Virol 2008; 41:129-33. [PMID: 18069058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) are the most widely used anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening tests but simple, instrument and electricity-free screening tests have been developed with results available in a few minutes. METHODS The sensitivity of a rapid immuno-chromatographic assay for the detection of anti-HCV antibodies was evaluated on 421 HCV RNA-positive samples from chronic carriers and compared with ELISA method. RESULTS The sensitivity of the ELISA method was 99.3% and the sensitivity of the rapid test was 95.5%. False negative results were independent of HCV genotype, but were associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive status. Among HIV-negative people, sensitivities of the rapid test and the EIA assay were 99.2% and 100%, respectively. Whereas among HIV-positive people, sensitivities were 77.5% and 96.3%. CONCLUSIONS The immuno-chromatographic test is rapid and simple, and could be used along with rapid anti-HIV determination, in settings with limited facilities or when rapid results are required.
Collapse
|
13
|
Selection and application of serotypical synthetic peptides derived from hepatitis C virus NS5A region. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200707010-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
14
|
Bernardin F, Stramer SL, Rehermann B, Page-Shafer K, Cooper S, Bangsberg DR, Hahn J, Tobler L, Busch M, Delwart E. High levels of subgenomic HCV plasma RNA in immunosilent infections. Virology 2007; 365:446-56. [PMID: 17493654 PMCID: PMC2001282 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A genetic analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in rare blood donors who remained HCV seronegative despite long-term high-level viremia revealed the chronic presence of HCV genomes with large in frame deletions in their structural genes. Full-length HCV genomes were only detected as minority variants. In one immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected donor the truncated HCV genome transiently decreased in frequency concomitant with delayed seroconversion and re-emerged following partial seroreversion. The long-term production of heavily truncated HCV genomes in vivo suggests that these viruses retained the necessary elements for RNA replication while the deleted structural functions necessary for their spread in vivo was provided in trans by wild-type helper virus in co-infected cells. The absence of immunological pressure and a high viral load may therefore promote the emergence of truncated HCV subgenomic replicons in vivo.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tobler LH, Stramer SL, Chien DY, Lin S, Arcangel P, Phelps BH, Cooper SL, Busch MP. Antibodies to a novel antigen in acute hepatitis C virus infections. Vox Sang 2007; 92:1-7. [PMID: 17181584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conformational viral proteins potentially play an important role in the immunobiology of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and may enable earlier antibody detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCV RNA was detected using nucleic acid testing. Early antibody production was evaluated using three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) containing antigenic proteins not present in licensed EIAs. Respectively, these contained: (1) multiple-epitope fusion antigen (MEFA) 7.1-NS3/4a, (2) F and Core, and (3) E1/E2 proteins. NS3/4a is a conformational antigen retaining protease and helicase enzymatic activities. MEFA 7.1 contains the linear epitopes used in licenced EIAs, including the latest EIA-3.0, in combination with genotype 1-3 specific epitopes. Forty-two RNA positive, EIA-3.0 negative samples, including two persistently serosilent cases, were used to evaluate these research EIAs. As controls, 54 EIA-3.0 negative/RNA negative and three HCV RNA+/antibody positive specimens were included. RESULTS Only the MEFA 7.1-NS3/4a EIA was positive in seven (17%) of the 42 HCV RNA + specimens, in all three EIA-3.0 positive controls but in none of 54 EIA-3.0 negative/HCV RNA negative controls. Notably, six of the seven (86%) specimens had evidence of active hepatitis (ALT > 210 IU/l). The two serosilent cases were research EIA negative. CONCLUSION A novel EIA with conformational and linear epitopes detected HCV antibodies in 17% of viraemic specimens missed by the standard reference EIA-3.0. Our research EIA appears to detect HCV antibodies closer to the initiation of acute hepatitis. Given that the average RNA-positive, antibody-negative window period is 56.4 days, this 17% yield would translate into a 10-day earlier detection of antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L H Tobler
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burbelo PD, Ching KH, Mattson TL, Light JS, Bishop LR, Kovacs JA. Rapid antibody quantification and generation of whole proteome antibody response profiles using LIPS (luciferase immunoprecipitation systems). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 352:889-95. [PMID: 17157815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The application of LIPS to the rapid quantification of antibody responses to infectious agents is described. Chimeric genes encoding pathogen antigens fused to Renilla luciferase are expressed in mammalian cells; crude extracts are prepared and, without purification, employed in immunoprecipitation assays to quantify pathogen-specific antibodies. In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, antibody levels to the MSG-14 antigen of Pneumocystis jirovecii measured by this assay correlated well with levels previously obtained with an optimized ELISA. We also correctly predicted Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV infection status in all but 2 of 99 assays analyzing 33 patient sera. We then used 15 HIV-encoded proteins comprising the whole HIV proteome to generate antibody response profiles for these 33 sera. Each HIV antigen was recognized by antibodies in serum from at least one HIV-infected individual. Data generated with these simple, quantitative antibody-detection assays have both clinical and research applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Burbelo
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vajdy M, Selby M, Medina-Selby A, Coit D, Hall J, Tandeske L, Chien D, Hu C, Rosa D, Singh M, Kazzaz J, Nguyen S, Coates S, Ng P, Abrignani S, Lin YL, Houghton M, O'Hagan DT. Hepatitis C virus polyprotein vaccine formulations capable of inducing broad antibody and cellular immune responses. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2253-2262. [PMID: 16847121 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although approximately 3 % of the world's population is infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), there is no prophylactic vaccine available. This study reports the design, cloning and purification of a single polyprotein comprising the HCV core protein and non-structural proteins NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5a and NS5b. The immunogenicity of this polyprotein, which was formulated in alum, oil-in-water emulsion MF59 or poly(dl-lactide co-glycolide) in the presence or absence of CpG adjuvant, was then determined in a murine model for induction of B- and T-cell responses. The addition of adjuvants or a delivery system to the HCV polyprotein enhanced serum antibody and T-cell proliferative responses, as well as IFN-gamma responses, by CD4+ T cells. The antibody responses were mainly against the NS3 and NS5 components of the polyprotein and relatively poor responses were elicited against NS4 and the core components. IFN-gamma responses, however, were induced against all of the individual components of the polyprotein. These data suggest that the HCV polyprotein delivered with adjuvants induces broad B- and T-cell responses and could be a vaccine candidate against HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vajdy
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Mark Selby
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | - Doris Coit
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - John Hall
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Laura Tandeske
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - David Chien
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Celine Hu
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Domenico Rosa
- Chiron Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Jina Kazzaz
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Steve Nguyen
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Steve Coates
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | - Yin-Ling Lin
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | - Derek T O'Hagan
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Toellner L, Fischlechner M, Ferko B, Grabherr RM, Donath E. Virus-coated layer-by-layer colloids as a multiplex suspension array for the detection and quantification of virus-specific antibodies. Clin Chem 2006; 52:1575-83. [PMID: 16728470 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.065789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suspension array technology has surpassed ELISA for automated, simultaneous detection and quantification of soluble biomarkers such as virus-specific antibodies. We describe assays in which antigens are attached to a lipid bilayer surrounding color-coded particles. METHODS We used layer-by-layer technology to establish a multiplex suspension array with distinguishable microbeads coated with authentic viral surfaces to catch and quantify virus-specific antibodies in a flow cytometric analysis. Antigenic surfaces were generated by chimeric and wild-type baculoviruses plus 2 different influenza A virus subtypes fused to a lipid bilayer surrounding distinctly colored particles. Specificity of binding of chosen antibodies and sera was detected by immunofluorescence. Results of multiplex analysis were compared with results of ELISA. RESULTS Titrations of virus-specific antibodies in the multiplex suspension array demonstrated specific binding to the viral surface proteins. The multiplex suspension array gave positive results for up to log 5-diluted primary antibodies with an approximately 5- to 10-fold reduced dynamic range compared with the respective ELISA. CONCLUSIONS The bead-based multiplex suspension array is customizable and easy to establish. By displaying native influenza A virus surfaces and recombinant HIV-1 epitopes, the new assay provides a tool for the detection of major viral infections in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Toellner
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|