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Szukiewicz D. Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9818. [PMID: 37372966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to the control of glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially in adipose tissue (AT). The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on a pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes. Impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin or IR paradoxically leads to diseases with an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, an excess of visceral AT in obesity initiates chronic low-grade inflammatory conditions that interfere with insulin signaling via insulin receptors (INSRs). Moreover, in response to IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates a primarily defensive inflammatory response associated with the subsequent release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and a real threat of organ function deterioration. In this review, all components of this vicious cycle are characterized with particular emphasis on the interplay between insulin signaling and both the innate and adaptive immune responses related to obesity. Increased visceral AT accumulation in obesity should be considered the main environmental factor responsible for the disruption in the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the immune system, resulting in autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Ferreira Silva M, Salomão Lopes C, Batista Ferreira França F, Lucas Pires Ramos E, Maria Santiago F, Roberto Mineo J, Wilson Patriarca Mineo T. Role of TLR2/MyD88 in the production of specific IgM and IgG antibodies during the immunization of mice against Neospora caninum. Vaccine 2022; 40:5860-5867. [PMID: 36075796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a parasite relevant to the veterinary field. Innate and adaptive responses against N. caninum induce effector mechanisms that limit parasite replication, but little is known about their role in humoral response. Our work aimed to verify whether key molecules in the TLR2/MyD88-mediated response would impact the production of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in mice during immunization with soluble antigens of N. caninum. We observed that lack of IFN-gamma did not negatively affect the production of specific antibodies. However, mice genetically deficient in Toll-like receptor 2, Myeloid differentiation factor 88, Interleukin 12 and inducible nitric oxide synthase presented significant decrease in antibody levels against N. caninum antigens, which also reflected in the diversity of the antigen recognized by their serum. In that sense, we show here that molecules within this innate recognition pathway may present a direct impact in the induction of an antibody response against N. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Salomão Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Batista Ferreira França
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Santiago
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Lizbeth RSG, Jazmín GM, José CB, Marlet MA. Immunoinformatics study to search epitopes of spike glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 as potential vaccine. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:4878-4892. [PMID: 32583729 PMCID: PMC7332869 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1780944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease named COVID-19 is caused by the virus reported in 2019 first identified in China. The cases of this disease have increased and as of June 1st, 2020 there are more than 216 countries affected. Pharmacological treatments have been proposed based on the resemblance of the HIV virus. With regard to prevention there is no vaccine, thus, we proposed to explore the spike protein due to its presence on the viral surface, and it also contains the putative viral entry receptor as well as the fusion peptide (important in the genome release). In this work we have employed In Silico techniques such as immunoinformatics tools which permit the identification of potential immunogenic regions on the viral surface (spike glycoprotein). From these analyses, we identified four epitopes E332-370, E627-651, E440-464 and E694-715 that accomplish essential features such as promiscuity, conservation grade, exposure and universality, and they also form stable complexes with MHCII molecule. We suggest that these epitopes could generate a specific immune response, and thus, they could be used for future applications such as the design of new epitope vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramírez-Salinas Gema Lizbeth
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - García-Machorro Jazmín
- Laboratorio de medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Correa-Basurto José
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Martínez-Archundia Marlet
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
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Li K, Wang C, Yang F, Cao W, Zhu Z, Zheng H. Virus-Host Interactions in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:571509. [PMID: 33717061 PMCID: PMC7952751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.571509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the livestock industry in many countries. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of FMD that can spread rapidly by direct and indirect transmission. FMDV is internalized into host cell by the interaction between FMDV capsid proteins and cellular receptors. When the virus invades into the cells, the host antiviral system is quickly activated to suppress the replication of the virus and remove the virus. To retain fitness and host adaptation, various viruses have evolved multiple elegant strategies to manipulate host machine and circumvent the host antiviral responses. Therefore, identification of virus-host interactions is critical for understanding the host defense against virus infections and the pathogenesis of the viral infectious diseases. This review elaborates on the virus-host interactions during FMDV infection to summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FMD, and we hope it can provide insights for designing effective vaccines or drugs to prevent and control the spread of FMD and other diseases caused by picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Yousif AS, Ronsard L, Shah P, Omatsu T, Sangesland M, Bracamonte Moreno T, Lam EC, Vrbanac VD, Balazs AB, Reinecker HC, Lingwood D. The persistence of interleukin-6 is regulated by a blood buffer system derived from dendritic cells. Immunity 2020; 54:235-246.e5. [PMID: 33357409 PMCID: PMC7836640 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) membrane receptor and its circulating soluble form, sIL-6R, can be targeted by antibody therapy to reduce deleterious immune signaling caused by chronic overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. This strategy may also hold promise for treating acute hyperinflammation, such as observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlighting a need to define regulators of IL-6 homeostasis. We found that conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), defined in mice via expression of the transcription factor Zbtb46, were a major source of circulating sIL-6R and, thus, systemically regulated IL-6 signaling. This was uncovered through identification of a cDC-dependent but T cell-independent modality that naturally adjuvants plasma cell differentiation and antibody responses to protein antigens. This pathway was then revealed as part of a broader biological buffer system in which cDC-derived sIL-6R set the in-solution persistence of IL-6. This control axis may further inform the development of therapeutic agents to modulate pro-inflammatory immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Yousif
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Larance Ronsard
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pankaj Shah
- The Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tatsushi Omatsu
- The Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maya Sangesland
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thalia Bracamonte Moreno
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan C Lam
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vladimir D Vrbanac
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alejandro B Balazs
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- The Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; The Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Failure of CD4 T Cell-Deficient Hosts To Control Chronic Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection Leads to Exacerbated Inflammation, Chronic Anemia, and Altered Myelopoiesis. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00417-20. [PMID: 33046510 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00417-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to recurrent nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia. A key manifestation of HIV infection is the loss of CD4 T cells, which are crucial for immunity to Salmonella infection. We characterized the consequences of CD4 T cell depletion in mice where virulent Salmonella establish chronic infection, similar to chronic NTS disease in humans. Salmonella-infected, CD4-depleted 129X1/SvJ mice remained chronically colonized for at least 5 weeks, displaying increased splenomegaly and more severe splenitis than infected mice with CD4 T cells. Mature erythrocytes, immature erythroid cells, and phagocytes accounted for the largest increase in splenic cellularity. Anemia, which is associated with increased mortality in Salmonella-infected humans, was exacerbated by CD4 depletion in infected mice and was accompanied by increased splenic sequestration of erythrocytes and fewer erythropoietic elements in the bone marrow, despite significantly elevated levels of circulating erythropoietin. Splenic sequestration of red blood cells, the appearance of circulating poikilocytes, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines suggest inflammation-induced damage to erythrocytes contributes to anemia and splenic retention of damaged cells in infected animals. Depleting CD4 T cells led to increased myeloid cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow, as well as expansion of CD8 T cells, which has been observed in CD4-depleted humans. This work describes a mouse model of Salmonella infection that recapitulates several aspects of human disease and will allow us to investigate the interplay of innate and adaptive immune functions with chronic inflammation, anemia, and susceptibility to Salmonella infection.
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Lucroy MD, Clauson RM, Suckow MA, El-Tayyeb F, Kalinauskas A. Evaluation of an autologous cancer vaccine for the treatment of metastatic canine hemangiosarcoma: a preliminary study. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:447. [PMID: 33208160 PMCID: PMC7672887 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is an aggressive cancer arising from multipotential bone marrow-derived stem cells. Anthracycline chemotherapy drugs have been the mainstay adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery with only modest improvement in survival and an attendant risk for adverse events. Immunotherapy, using a whole cell autologous cancer vaccine adjuvanted with MIM-SIS, may improve outcomes for dogs with HSA with a lower risk for adverse events compared with chemotherapy. Results In cultured DH82 canine monocyte-like cells, autologous cancer vaccines prepared from 13 dogs with HSA increased MHC-II surface expression ranging from 20.0-60.4% on single-stained cells, CD80 surface expression ranging from 23.7–45.9% on single-stained cells, and MHC-II/CD80 surface expression ranging from 7.2–20.1% on double-stained cells. Autologous cancer vaccines were able to, on average, stimulate an up-regulation of MHC-II and CD80 by 48-fold as compared to media only (MHC-II + CD80 + cells: 12.19 ± 3.70% vs. 0.25 ± 0.06%; p < 0.001). The overall median survival time for dogs treated with the autologous cancer vaccine was 142 days (range, 61 to 373 days). Dogs treated with the autologous cancer vaccine or maximum tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy had significantly (P < 0.001) longer survival than dogs treated with surgery alone. The 1-year survival rate was 12.5% for dogs treated with the autologous cancer vaccine, and 0% for dogs treated with surgery alone or MTD chemotherapy. No adverse events were observed in the dogs treated with the autologous cancer vaccine. Conclusions The adjuvanted autologous cancer vaccine is capable of up-regulating MHC-II and CD80 in cultured canine monocyte-derived cells, which are important stimulatory molecules in generating an immune response and improves survival time in dogs with metastatic (stage III) HSA when compared to surgical treatment alone. Autologous cancer vaccine-treated dogs had survival similar to those dogs treated with MTD chemotherapy without any observed adverse events. This autologous cancer vaccine represents an effective form of individualized immunotherapy that is an appealing option for dog owners not wanting to pursue adjuvant chemotherapy for HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lucroy
- Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 400 Farmington Avenue R1855 CB129, 06032, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Ryan M Clauson
- Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 400 Farmington Avenue R1855 CB129, 06032, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mark A Suckow
- Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Kentucky, 445 Bowman Hall, KY, 40506-0032, Lexington, USA
| | - Ferris El-Tayyeb
- Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 400 Farmington Avenue R1855 CB129, 06032, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ashley Kalinauskas
- Torigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 400 Farmington Avenue R1855 CB129, 06032, Farmington, CT, USA
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Oladipo EK, Ajayi AF, Ariyo OE, Onile SO, Jimah EM, Ezediuno LO, Adebayo OI, Adebayo ET, Odeyemi AN, Oyeleke MO, Oyewole MP, Oguntomi AS, Akindiya OE, Olamoyegun BO, Aremu VO, Arowosaye AO, Aboderin DO, Bello HB, Senbadejo TY, Awoyelu EH, Oladipo AA, Oladipo BB, Ajayi LO, Majolagbe ON, Oyawoye OM, Oloke JK. Exploration of surface glycoprotein to design multi-epitope vaccine for the prevention of Covid-19. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020; 21:100438. [PMID: 33043110 PMCID: PMC7533051 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation and generation of T and B cell-mediated long-term immune response are essential for the curbing of a deadly virus such as SAR-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Corona Virus 2). Immunoinformatics approach in vaccine design takes advantage of antigenic and non-allergenic epitopes present on the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 to elicit immune responses. T cells and B cells epitopes were predicted, and the selected residues were subjected to allergenicity, antigenicity and toxicity screening which were linked by appropriate linkers to form a multi-epitope subunit vaccine. The physiochemical properties of the vaccine construct were analyzed, and the molecular weight, molecular formula, theoretical isoelectric point value, half-life, solubility score, instability index, aliphatic index and GRAVY were predicted. The vaccine structure was constructed, refined, validated, and disulfide engineered to get the best model. Molecular binding simulation and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out to predict the stability and binding affinity of the vaccine construct with TLRs. Codon acclimatization and in silico cloning were performed to confirm the vaccine expression and potency. Results obtained indicated that this novel vaccine candidate is non-toxic, capable of initiating the immunogenic response and will not induce an allergic reaction. The highest binding energy was observed in TLR4 (Toll-like Receptor 4) (-1398.1), and the least is TLR 2 (-1479.6). The steady rise in Th (T-helper) cell population with memory development was noticed, and IFN-g (Interferon gamma) was provoked after simulation. At this point, the vaccine candidate awaits animal trial to validate its efficacy and safety for use in the prevention of the novel COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Kolawole Oladipo
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Bioinformatics, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa Elijah Ariyo
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | - Esther Moradeyo Jimah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Louis Odinakaose Ezediuno
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadunsin Iyanuoluwa Adebayo
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Tayo Adebayo
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Aduragbemi Noah Odeyemi
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Marvellous Oluwaseun Oyeleke
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olawumi Elizabeth Akindiya
- Microbiology Programme, Department of Biological Science, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Victoria Oyetayo Aremu
- Reproduction and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Medical Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Genomics Unit, Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria
| | - Abiola O Arowosaye
- Department of Virology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Elukunbi Hilda Awoyelu
- Department of Natural Sciences, Precious Conerstone University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adio Abayomi Oladipo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Grouping Serology, Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife Wesley Guild Hospital Wing, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Bukola Bisola Oladipo
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olusola Nathaniel Majolagbe
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Monisola Oyawoye
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Bioinformatics, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Julius Kola Oloke
- Department of Natural Sciences, Precious Conerstone University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Chan Y, Jazayeri SD, Ramanathan B, Poh CL. Enhancement of Tetravalent Immune Responses to Highly Conserved Epitopes of a Dengue Peptide Vaccine Conjugated to Polystyrene Nanoparticles. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030417. [PMID: 32722368 PMCID: PMC7563452 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination remains the major approach to the prevention of dengue. Since the only licensed live attenuated vaccine (LAV) lacked efficacy against all four serotypes, other vaccine platforms, such as synthetic peptide vaccines, should be explored. In this study, four multi-epitope peptides (P1-P4) were designed by linking a universal T-helper epitope (PADRE or TpD) to the highly conserved CD8 T cell epitope and B cell epitope (B1 or B2) against all four DENV serotypes. The multi-epitope peptides were conjugated to polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) and four nanovaccines (NP1-NP4) were constructed. Mice immunized with NP1-NP4 elicited significantly higher titers of IgG and neutralizing antibodies when compared to immunization with naked P1-P4. The immune responses in mice immunized with peptide vaccines were compared with nanovaccines using ELISA, ELISPOT, and a neutralization test based on FRNT50. Among the four conjugated peptide nanovaccines, NP3 comprising the TpD T-helper epitope linked to the highly conserved B1 epitope derived from the E protein was able to elicit significant levels of IFN-γ and neutralizing antibodies to all four dengue serotypes. NP3 is a promising tetravalent synthetic peptide vaccine, but the selection of a more effective CD8+ T cell epitope and adjuvants to further improve the immunogenicity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Chan
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (Y.C.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Seyed Davoud Jazayeri
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (Y.C.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Babu Ramanathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (Y.C.); (S.D.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-74918622
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Tsilibary EPC, Souto EP, Kratzke M, James LM, Engdahl BE, Georgopoulos AP. Anthrax Protective Antigen 63 (PA63): Toxic Effects in Neural Cultures and Role in Gulf War Illness (GWI). Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520931966. [PMID: 32656531 PMCID: PMC7328487 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520931966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective antigen (PA) 63 (PA63) is a protein derived from the PA83 component contained in the anthrax vaccine. The anthrax vaccine ("Biothrax") was administered together with other vaccines to Gulf War veterans, about 35% of whom later developed a multisymptom disease (Gulf War Illness [GWI]), with prominent neurological/cognitive/mood symptoms, among others. The disease has been traditionally attributed to exposures to toxic chemicals during the war but other factors could be involved, including vaccines received. Of these, the anthrax vaccine is the most toxic. Here, we assessed directly the PA63 toxin's harmful effects on cultured neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cells with respect to cell spreading, process formation, apoptosis, and integrity of cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and mitochondria. We found that, when added in N2A cultures, PA63 toxin led to decreased cell spreading and cell aggregation, leading to apoptosis. The mechanisms of PA63-induced cell damage included compromised cell membrane permeability indicated by enhanced access of propidium iodide in cells. In addition, signaling pathways leading to organization of N2A cytoskeleton were negatively affected, as both actin and microtubular networks were compromised. Finally, the mitochondrial membrane potential was impaired in specific assays. Altogether, these alterations led to apoptosis as a collective toxic effect of PA63 which was substantially reduced by the concomitant addition of specific antibodies against PA63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie-Photini C Tsilibary
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric P Souto
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marian Kratzke
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa M James
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian E Engdahl
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Ledbetter L, Cherla R, Chambers C, Zhang Y, Mitchell WJ, Zhang G. Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Restricted, CD4 + T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms Are Required for Vaccine-Induced Protective Immunity against Coxiella burnetii. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00824-19. [PMID: 31792078 PMCID: PMC7035945 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00824-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the role of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II in vaccine-mediated protection against Coxiella burnetii, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a formalin-inactivated C. burnetii Nine Mile phase I vaccine (PIV) in β2-microglobulin-deficient (B2m KO) and MHC-II-deficient (MHC-II KO) mice. Vaccination reduced disease severity in wild-type (WT) and B2m KO mice but failed to reduce bacterial burden in MHC-II KO mice. This suggests that the MHC-II antigen presentation pathway is required for PIV-mediated protection against C. burnetii infection. MHC-I and MHC-II affect antibody isotype switching, since both PIV-vaccinated B2m KO and MHC-II KO mice produced less Coxiella-specific IgG than PIV-vaccinated WT mice. Interestingly, MHC-II and CD4 deficiencies were not equivalent in terms of splenomegaly and bacterial clearance. This demonstrates a partial role for CD4+ T cells while revealing MHC-II-restricted, CD4-independent mechanisms. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from PIV-vaccinated WT mice to naive CD4-deficient (CD4 KO) mice demonstrated that antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells are sufficient to generate protection. Conversely, transfer of naive CD4+ T cells to PIV-vaccinated CD4 KO mice exacerbates disease. Using Tbet-deficient (Tbet KO) mice, we showed a partial role for Th1 subset CD4+ T cells in vaccine protection. Furthermore, Th1-independent roles for Tbet were suggested by significant differences in disease between PIV-vaccinated Tbet KO and CD4 KO mice. Interferon gamma was shown to contribute to the host inflammatory response but not bacterial clearance. Collectively, these findings suggest that vaccine-induced protective immunity against a murine model of experimental Q fever requires MHC-II-restricted, CD4+ T cell-dependent and -independent mechanisms that can be exploited for a new-generation human Q fever vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Ledbetter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rama Cherla
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - William J Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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12
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Wong J, Layton D, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:535-546. [PMID: 31583825 PMCID: PMC6800307 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are a well-established model for studying both the pathogenesis and transmission of human respiratory viruses and evaluation of antiviral vaccines. Advanced immunological studies would add substantial value to the ferret models of disease but are hindered by the low number of ferret-reactive reagents available for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, progress has been made to understand immune responses in the ferret model with a limited set of ferret-specific reagents and assays. This review examines current immunological insights gained from the ferret model across relevant human respiratory diseases, with a focus on influenza viruses. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to advance the utility of ferrets for immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Wong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Daniel Layton
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityAustralian Animal Health LaboratoriesGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
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13
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Lee YT, Kim KH, Ko EJ, Kim MC, Lee YN, Hwang HS, Lee Y, Jung YJ, Kim YJ, Santos J, Perez DR, Kang SM. Enhancing the cross protective efficacy of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine by supplemented vaccination with M2 ectodomain virus-like particles. Virology 2019; 529:111-121. [PMID: 30685658 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines including live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) provide suboptimal protection against drift and potential pandemic strains. We hypothesized that supplementing LAIV with a highly conserved antigenic target M2 ectodomain (M2e) would confer cross-protection by inducing humoral and cellular immune responses to conserved antigenic targets. Intranasal vaccination with LAIV (A/Netherlands/602/09, H1N1) supplemented with tandem repeat M2e containing virus-like particles (M2e5x VLP) induced M2e- and virus-specific antibodies. Upon heterosubtypic virus challenge, M2e5x VLP-supplemented LAIV vaccination of mice induced significantly improved cross protection by preventing weight loss and lowering lung viral titers. Further mechanistic studies on heterosubtypic immunity suggest that T cell responses to M2e and nucleoprotein as well as systemic and mucosal antibodies to M2e and viruses might be contributing to cross protection. Therefore, this study demonstrates a novel vaccination strategy to improve the cross protective efficacy of LAIV by supplementing with a conserved M2e antigenic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Green Cross Cell Corp., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Komipharm Co., Ltd., Siheung, Gyeonggi-do 15094, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jefferson Santos
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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14
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Shen C, Zhang M, Chen Y, Zhang L, Wang G, Chen J, Chen S, Li Z, Wei F, Chen J, Yang K, Guo S, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Yu H, Luo W, Zhang J, Chen H, Chen Y, Xia N. An IgM antibody targeting the receptor binding site of influenza B blocks viral infection with great breadth and potency. Theranostics 2019; 9:210-231. [PMID: 30662563 PMCID: PMC6332795 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the receptor binding site (RBS) of hemagglutinin (HA) have potential for developing into powerful anti-influenza agents. Several previously reported influenza B bnAbs are nevertheless unable to neutralize a portion of influenza B virus variants. HA-specific bnAbs with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activity may possess the ability to block virus entry directly. Polymeric IgM antibodies are expected to more effectively inhibit virus attachment and entry into target cells due to their higher avidity and/or steric hindrance. We therefore hypothesized that certain RBS-targeted IgM antibodies with strong cross-lineage HI activity might display broader and more potent antiviral activity against rapidly evolving influenza B viruses. Methods: In this study, we generated IgM and IgG bnAbs targeting the RBS of influenza B virus using the murine hybridoma technique. IgM and IgG versions of the same antibodies were then developed by isotype switching and characterized in subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results: Two IgM and two IgG bnAbs against influenza B virus HA were identified. Of these, one IgM subtype antibody, C7G6-IgM, showed strong HI and neutralization activities against all 20 representative influenza B strains tested, with higher potency and broader breadth of anti-influenza activity in vitro than the IgG subtype variant of itself, or other previously-reported influenza B bnAbs. Furthermore, C7G6-IgM conferred excellent cross-protection against distinct lineages of influenza B viruses in mice and ferrets, performing better than the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir, and showed an additive antiviral effect when administered in combination with oseltamivir. Mechanistically, C7G6-IgM potently inhibits infection with influenza B virus strains from different lineages by blocking viral entry. Conclusion: In summary, our study highlights the potential of IgM subtype antibodies in combatting pathogenic microbes. Moreover, C7G6-IgM is a promising candidate for the development of prophylactics or therapeutics against influenza B infection.
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15
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Complement C3 Plays a Key Role in Inducing Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Influenza Virus Strain-Specific Hemagglutinin-Based or Cross-Protective M2 Extracellular Domain-Based Vaccination. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00969-18. [PMID: 30068650 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00969-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement pathway is involved in eliminating antigen immune complexes. However, the role of the C3 complement system remains largely unknown in influenza virus M2 extracellular (M2e) domain or hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine-mediated protection after vaccination. Using a C3 knockout (C3 KO) mouse model, we found that complement protein C3 was required for effective induction of immune responses to vaccination with M2e-based or HA-based vaccines, which include isotype class-switched antibodies and effector CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. C3 KO mice after active immunization with cross-protective nonneutralizing M2e-based vaccine were not protected against influenza virus, although low levels of M2e-specific antibodies were protective after passive coadministration with virus in wild-type mice. In contrast, C3 KO mice that were immunized with strain-specific neutralizing HA-based vaccine were protected against homologous virus challenge despite lower levels of HA antibody responses. C3 KO mice showed impaired maintenance of innate immune cells and a defect in innate immune responses upon exposure to antigens. The findings in this study suggest that C3 is required for effective induction of humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses as well as protective immunity after nonneutralizing influenza M2e vaccination.IMPORTANCE Complement is the well-known innate immune defense system involved in the opsonization and lysis of pathogens but is less studied in establishing adaptive immunity after vaccination. Influenza virus HA-based vaccination confers protection via strain-specific neutralizing antibodies, whereas M2e-based vaccination induces a broad spectrum of protection by immunity against the conserved M2e epitopes. This study revealed the critical roles of C3 complement in inducing humoral and cellular immune responses after immunization with M2e or HA vaccines. C3 was found to be required for protection by M2e-based but not by HA-based active vaccination as well as for maintaining innate antigen-presenting cells. Findings in this study have insight into better understanding the roles of C3 complement in inducing effective innate and adaptive immunity as well as in conferring protection by cross-protective conserved M2e vaccination.
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16
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Both Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC-I) and MHC-II Molecules Are Required, while MHC-I Appears To Play a Critical Role in Host Defense against Primary Coxiella burnetii Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00602-17. [PMID: 29311245 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00602-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the role of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) and class II MHC (MHC-II) antigen presentation pathways in host defense against Coxiella burnetii infection, we examined whether MHC-I or MHC-II deficiency in mice would significantly influence their susceptibility to virulent C. burnetii Nine Mile phase I (NMI) infection. The results indicate that NMI infection induced more severe disease in both MHC-I-deficient and MHC-II-deficient mice than in wild-type (WT) mice, while only MHC-I-deficient mice developed a severe persistent infection and were unable to control bacterial replication. These results suggest that both MHC-I-restricted CD8+ T cells and MHC-II-restricted CD4+ T cells contribute to host defense against primary C. burnetii infection, while MHC-I-restricted CD8+ T cells appear to play a more critical role in controlling bacterial replication. Additionally, although NMI infection induced more severe disease in TAP1-deficient mice than in their WT counterparts, TAP1 deficiency in mice did not significantly influence their ability to eliminate C. burnetii This suggests that C. burnetii antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells by the MHC-I classical pathway may depend only partially on TAP1. Furthermore, granzyme B deficiency in mice did not significantly alter their susceptibility to C. burnetii infection, but perforin-deficient mice were unable to control host inflammatory responses during primary C. burnetii infection. These results suggest that perforin, but not granzyme B, is required for C. burnetii antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to control primary C. burnetii infection.
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17
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Feng Y, Sun X, Ye X, Feng Y, Wang J, Zheng X, Liu X, Yi C, Hao M, Wang Q, Li F, Xu W, Li L, Li C, Zhou R, Chen L, Feng L. Hexon and fiber of adenovirus type 14 and 55 are major targets of neutralizing antibody but only fiber-specific antibody contributes to cross-neutralizing activity. Virology 2018; 518:272-283. [PMID: 29550678 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Re-emerging human adenoviruses type 14 (HAdV14) and 55 (HAdV55) represent two highly virulent adenoviruses. The neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses elicited by infection or immunization remain largely unknown. Herein, we generated hexon-chimeric HAdV14 viruses harboring each single or entire hexon hyper-variable-regions (HVR) from HAdV55, and determined the neutralizing epitopes of human and mouse nAbs. In human sera, hexon-targeting nAbs are type-specific and mainly recognize HVR2, 5, and 7. Fiber-targeting nAbs are only detectable in sera cross-neutralizing HAdV14 and HAdV55 and contribute substantially to cross-neutralization. Penton-binding antibodies, however, show no significant neutralizing activities. In mice immunized with HAdV14 or HAdV55, a single immunization mainly elicited hexon-specific nAbs, which recognized HAdV14 HVR1, 2, and 7 and HAdV55 HVR1 and 2, respectively. After a booster immunization, cross-neutralizing fiber-specific nAbs became detectable. These results indicated that hexon elicits type-specific nAbs whereas fiber induces cross-neutralizing nAbs to HAdV14 and HAdV55, which are of significance in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510230, China; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xikui Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, No. 269 Chenghua North Road, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Xianmiao Ye
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yupeng Feng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Changhua Yi
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Mingli Hao
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, No. 269 Chenghua North Road, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth people's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 627 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth people's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 627 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Chufang Li
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510230, China; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Liqiang Feng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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18
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Kim YJ, Lee YT, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kim KH, Ko EJ, Song JM, Kang SM. Cross-Protective Efficacy of Influenza Virus M2e Containing Virus-Like Particles Is Superior to Hemagglutinin Vaccines and Variable Depending on the Genetic Backgrounds of Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1730. [PMID: 29276514 PMCID: PMC5727122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus M2 extracellular domain (M2e) has been a target for developing cross-protective vaccines. However, the efficacy and immune correlates of M2e vaccination are poorly understood in the different host genetic backgrounds in comparison with influenza vaccines. We previously reported the cross-protective efficacy of virus-like particle (M2e5x VLP) vaccines containing heterologous tandem M2e repeats (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian influenza viruses. In this study to gain better understanding of cross-protective influenza vaccines, we compared immunogenicity and efficacy of M2e5x VLP, H5 hemagglutinin VLP (HA VLP), and inactivated H3N2 virus (H3N2i) in wild-type strains of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, and CD4 and CD8 knockout (KO) mice. M2e5x VLP was superior to HA VLP in conferring cross-protection whereas H3N2i inactivated virus vaccine provided high efficacy of homologous protection. After M2e5x VLP vaccination and challenge, BALB/c mice induced higher IgG responses, lower lung viral loads, and less body weight loss when compared with those in C57BL/6 mice. M2e5x VLP but not H3N2i immune mice after primary challenges developed strong immunity against a secondary heterosubtypic virus as a model of future pandemics. M2e5x VLP and HA VLP vaccines were able to raise IgG isotypes in CD4 KO mice. T cells were found to contribute to cross-protection by playing a role in reducing lung viral loads. In conclusion, M2e5x VLP vaccination induced better cross-protection than HA VLP, and its efficacy varied depending on the genetic backgrounds of mice, supporting the important roles of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jae-Min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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19
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Ko EJ, Lee YT, Kim KH, Lee Y, Jung YJ, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kang T, Kang SM. Roles of Aluminum Hydroxide and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvants in Overcoming CD4+ T Cell Deficiency To Induce Isotype-Switched IgG Antibody Responses and Protection by T-Dependent Influenza Vaccine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:279-291. [PMID: 27881702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvant effects in the CD4-deficient condition largely remain unknown. We investigated the roles of combined monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and aluminum hydroxide (Alum) adjuvant (MPL+Alum) in inducing immunity after immunization of CD4 knockout (CD4KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with T-dependent influenza vaccine. MPL+Alum adjuvant mediated IgG isotype-switched Abs, IgG-secreting cell responses, and protection in CD4KO mice, which were comparable to those in WT mice. In contrast, Alum adjuvant effects were dependent on CD4+ T cells. MPL+Alum adjuvant was effective in recruiting monocytes and neutrophils as well as in protecting macrophages from Alum-mediated cell loss at the injection site in CD4KO mice. MPL+Alum appeared to attenuate MPL-induced inflammatory responses in WT mice, likely improving the safety. Additional studies in CD4-depleted WT mice and MHC class II KO mice suggest that MHC class II+ APCs contribute to providing alternative B cell help in the CD4-deficient condition in the context of MPL+Alum-adjuvanted vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeuk Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
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20
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Brazzoli M, Magini D, Bonci A, Buccato S, Giovani C, Kratzer R, Zurli V, Mangiavacchi S, Casini D, Brito LM, De Gregorio E, Mason PW, Ulmer JB, Geall AJ, Bertholet S. Induction of Broad-Based Immunity and Protective Efficacy by Self-amplifying mRNA Vaccines Encoding Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin. J Virol 2016; 90:332-44. [PMID: 26468547 PMCID: PMC4702536 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01786-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seasonal influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease that remains a major health problem worldwide, especially in immunocompromised populations. The impact of influenza disease is even greater when strains drift, and influenza pandemics can result when animal-derived influenza virus strains combine with seasonal strains. In this study, we used the SAM technology and characterized the immunogenicity and efficacy of a self-amplifying mRNA expressing influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) antigen [SAM(HA)] formulated with a novel oil-in-water cationic nanoemulsion. We demonstrated that SAM(HA) was immunogenic in ferrets and facilitated containment of viral replication in the upper respiratory tract of influenza virus-infected animals. In mice, SAM(HA) induced potent functional neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses, characterized by HA-specific CD4 T helper 1 and CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, mice immunized with SAM(HA) derived from the influenza A virus A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) strain (Cal) were protected from a lethal challenge with the heterologous mouse-adapted A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) virus strain (PR8). Sera derived from SAM(H1-Cal)-immunized animals were not cross-reactive with the PR8 virus, whereas cross-reactivity was observed for HA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Finally, depletion of T cells demonstrated that T-cell responses were essential in mediating heterologous protection. If the SAM vaccine platform proves safe, well tolerated, and effective in humans, the fully synthetic SAM vaccine technology could provide a rapid response platform to control pandemic influenza. IMPORTANCE In this study, we describe protective immune responses in mice and ferrets after vaccination with a novel HA-based influenza vaccine. This novel type of vaccine elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses. Although vaccine-specific antibodies are the key players in mediating protection from homologous influenza virus infections, vaccine-specific T cells contribute to the control of heterologous infections. The rapid production capacity and the synthetic origin of the vaccine antigen make the SAM platform particularly exploitable in case of influenza pandemic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cross Protection
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Ferrets
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Leukocyte Reduction Procedures
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Respiratory System/virology
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diletta Magini
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l., Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Vanessa Zurli
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics S.r.l., Siena, Italy Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Luis M Brito
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Peter W Mason
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Ulmer
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Geall
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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