1
|
Blanco A, Coronado RA, Arun N, Ma K, Dar RD, Kieffer C. Monocyte to macrophage differentiation and changes in cellular redox homeostasis promote cell type-specific HIV latency reactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313823121. [PMID: 38683980 PMCID: PMC11087762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313823121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV latency regulation in monocytes and macrophages can vary according to signals directing differentiation, polarization, and function. To investigate these processes, we generated an HIV latency model in THP-1 monocytes and showed differential levels of HIV reactivation among clonal populations. Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation of HIV-infected primary human CD14+ and THP-1 cells induced HIV reactivation and showed that virus production increased concomitant with macrophage differentiation. We applied the HIV-infected THP-1 monocyte-to-macrophage (MLat) model to assess the biological mechanisms regulating HIV latency dynamics during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. We pinpointed protein kinase C signaling pathway activation and Cyclin T1 upregulation as inherent differentiation mechanisms that regulate HIV latency reactivation. Macrophage polarization regulated latency, revealing proinflammatory M1 macrophages suppressed HIV reactivation while anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages promoted HIV reactivation. Because macrophages rely on reactive-oxygen species (ROS) to exert numerous cellular functions, we disrupted redox pathways and found that inhibitors of the thioredoxin (Trx) system acted as latency-promoting agents in T-cells and monocytes, but opposingly acted as latency-reversing agents in macrophages. We explored this mechanism with Auranofin, a clinical candidate for reducing HIV reservoirs, and demonstrated Trx reductase inhibition led to ROS induced NF-κB activity, which promoted HIV reactivation in macrophages, but not in T-cells and monocytes. Collectively, cell type-specific differences in HIV latency regulation could pose a barrier to HIV eradication strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Blanco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Robert A. Coronado
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Neha Arun
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Kelly Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Roy D. Dar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Collin Kieffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pulfer A, Pizzagalli DU, Gagliardi PA, Hinderling L, Lopez P, Zayats R, Carrillo-Barberà P, Antonello P, Palomino-Segura M, Grädel B, Nicolai M, Giusti A, Thelen M, Gambardella LM, Murooka TT, Pertz O, Krause R, Gonzalez SF. Transformer-based spatial-temporal detection of apoptotic cell death in live-cell imaging. eLife 2024; 12:RP90502. [PMID: 38497754 PMCID: PMC10948145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has revolutionized live-cell imaging by allowing the study of spatial-temporal cell dynamics in living animals. However, the complexity of the data generated by this technology has limited the development of effective computational tools to identify and quantify cell processes. Amongst them, apoptosis is a crucial form of regulated cell death involved in tissue homeostasis and host defense. Live-cell imaging enabled the study of apoptosis at the cellular level, enhancing our understanding of its spatial-temporal regulation. However, at present, no computational method can deliver robust detection of apoptosis in microscopy timelapses. To overcome this limitation, we developed ADeS, a deep learning-based apoptosis detection system that employs the principle of activity recognition. We trained ADeS on extensive datasets containing more than 10,000 apoptotic instances collected both in vitro and in vivo, achieving a classification accuracy above 98% and outperforming state-of-the-art solutions. ADeS is the first method capable of detecting the location and duration of multiple apoptotic events in full microscopy timelapses, surpassing human performance in the same task. We demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of ADeS across various imaging modalities, cell types, and staining techniques. Finally, we employed ADeS to quantify cell survival in vitro and tissue damage in mice, demonstrating its potential application in toxicity assays, treatment evaluation, and inflammatory dynamics. Our findings suggest that ADeS is a valuable tool for the accurate detection and quantification of apoptosis in live-cell imaging and, in particular, intravital microscopy data, providing insights into the complex spatial-temporal regulation of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Pulfer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Euler Institute, USILuganoSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Pau Carrillo-Barberà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Paola Antonello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Grädel
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Giusti
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, IDSIALuganoSwitzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Woottum M, Yan S, Sayettat S, Grinberg S, Cathelin D, Bekaddour N, Herbeuval JP, Benichou S. Macrophages: Key Cellular Players in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2024; 16:288. [PMID: 38400063 PMCID: PMC10893316 DOI: 10.3390/v16020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cells of the myeloid lineages, including tissue macrophages and conventional dendritic cells, were rapidly recognized, in addition to CD4+ T lymphocytes, as target cells of HIV-1, their specific roles in the pathophysiology of infection were initially largely neglected. However, numerous studies performed over the past decade, both in vitro in cell culture systems and in vivo in monkey and humanized mouse animal models, led to growing evidence that macrophages play important direct and indirect roles as HIV-1 target cells and in pathogenesis. It has been recently proposed that macrophages are likely involved in all stages of HIV-1 pathogenesis, including virus transmission and dissemination, but above all, in viral persistence through the establishment, together with latently infected CD4+ T cells, of virus reservoirs in many host tissues, the major obstacle to virus eradication in people living with HIV. Infected macrophages are indeed found, very often as multinucleated giant cells expressing viral antigens, in almost all lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues of HIV-1-infected patients, where they can probably persist for long period of time. In addition, macrophages also likely participate, directly as HIV-1 targets or indirectly as key regulators of innate immunity and inflammation, in the chronic inflammation and associated clinical disorders observed in people living with HIV, even in patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. The main objective of this review is therefore to summarize the recent findings, and also to revisit older data, regarding the critical functions of tissue macrophages in the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection, both as major HIV-1-infected target cells likely found in almost all tissues, as well as regulators of innate immunity and inflammation during the different stages of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Woottum
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (M.W.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Sen Yan
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (M.W.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophie Sayettat
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (M.W.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Séverine Grinberg
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (S.G.); (D.C.); (N.B.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Dominique Cathelin
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (S.G.); (D.C.); (N.B.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Nassima Bekaddour
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (S.G.); (D.C.); (N.B.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- CNRS UMR-8601, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (S.G.); (D.C.); (N.B.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Serge Benichou
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; (M.W.); (S.Y.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ikeogu N, Ajibola O, Zayats R, Murooka TT. Identifying physiological tissue niches that support the HIV reservoir in T cells. mBio 2023; 14:e0205323. [PMID: 37747190 PMCID: PMC10653859 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02053-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) can efficiently suppress Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) replication to undetectable levels, but rare populations of infected memory CD4+ T cells continue to persist, complicating viral eradication efforts. Memory T cells utilize distinct homing and adhesion molecules to enter, exit, or establish residence at diverse tissue sites, integrating cellular and environmental cues that maintain homeostasis and life-long protection against pathogens. Critical roles for T cell receptor and cytokine signals driving clonal expansion and memory generation during immunity generation are well established, but whether HIV-infected T cells can utilize similar mechanisms for their own long-term survival is unclear. How infected, but transcriptionally silent T cells maintain their recirculation potential through blood and peripheral tissues, or whether they acquire new capabilities to establish unique peripheral tissue niches, is also not well understood. In this review, we will discuss the cellular and molecular cues that are important for memory T cell homeostasis and highlight opportunities for HIV to hijack normal immunological processes to establish long-term viral persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Romaniya Zayats
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas T. Murooka
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang W, Truong K, Ye C, Sharma S, He H, Liu L, Wen M, Misra A, Zhou P, Kimata JT. Engineered CD4 T cells expressing a membrane anchored viral inhibitor restrict HIV-1 through cis and trans mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167965. [PMID: 37781368 PMCID: PMC10538569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection of target cells can occur through either cell-free virions or cell-cell transmission in a virological synapse, with the latter mechanism of infection reported to be 100- to 1,000-fold more efficient. Neutralizing antibodies and entry inhibitors effectively block cell-free HIV-1, but with few exceptions, they display much less inhibitory activity against cell-mediated HIV-1 transmission. Previously, we showed that engineering HIV-1 target cells by genetically linking single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of antibodies to glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) potently blocks infection by cell-free virions and cell-mediated infection by immature dendritic cell (iDC)-captured HIV-1. Expression of scFvs on CD4+ cell lines by transduction with X5 derived anti-HIV-1 Env antibody linked to a GPI attachment signal directs GPI-anchored scFvs into lipid rafts of the plasma membrane. In this study, we further characterize the effect of GPI-scFv X5 on cell-cell HIV-1 transmission from DCs to target cells. We report that expression of GPI-scFv X5 in transduced CD4+ cell lines and human primary CD4+ T cells potently restricts viral replication in iDC- or mDC-captured HIV-1 in trans. Using live-cell imaging, we observed that when GPI-GFP or GPI-scFv X5 transduced T cells are co-cultured with iDCs, GPI-anchored proteins enrich in contact zones and subsequently migrate from T cells into DCs, suggesting that transferred GPI-scFv X5 interferes with HIV-1 infection of iDCs. We conclude that GPI-scFv X5 on the surface of transduced CD4+ T cells not only potently blocks cell-mediated infection by DCs, but it transfers from transduced cells to the surface of iDCs and neutralizes HIV-1 replication in iDCs. Our findings have important implications for HIV-1 antibody-based immunotherapies as they demonstrate a viral inhibitory effect that extends beyond the transduced CD4+ T cells to iDCs which can enhance HIV-1 replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wang
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Khanghy Truong
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chaobaihui Ye
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Huan He
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Wen
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anisha Misra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul Zhou
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jason T. Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Masenga SK, Mweene BC, Luwaya E, Muchaili L, Chona M, Kirabo A. HIV-Host Cell Interactions. Cells 2023; 12:1351. [PMID: 37408185 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was a great milestone in the management of HIV infection. ARVs suppress viral activity in the host cell, thus minimizing injury to the cells and prolonging life. However, an effective treatment has remained elusive for four decades due to the successful immune evasion mechanisms of the virus. A thorough understanding of the molecular interaction of HIV with the host cell is essential in the development of both preventive and curative therapies for HIV infection. This review highlights several inherent mechanisms of HIV that promote its survival and propagation, such as the targeting of CD4+ lymphocytes, the downregulation of MHC class I and II, antigenic variation and an envelope complex that minimizes antibody access, and how they collaboratively render the immune system unable to mount an effective response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Bislom C Mweene
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Emmanuel Luwaya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Lweendo Muchaili
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Makondo Chona
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neary M, Owen A, Olagunju A. A Holistic Review of the Preclinical Landscape for Long-Acting Anti-infective Drugs Using HIV as a Paradigm. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S490-S497. [PMID: 36410386 PMCID: PMC10200324 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of predictive preclinical models is a key contributor to the steep attrition rate in drug development. Successful clinical translation may be higher for new chemical entities or existing approved drugs reformulated for long-acting (LA) administration if preclinical studies designed to identify any new uncertainties are predictive of human exposure and response. In this review, we present an overview of standard preclinical assessments deployed for LA formulations and delivery systems, using human immunodeficiency virus LA therapeutics preclinical development as a paradigm. Key progress in the preclinical development of novel LA antiretrovirals formulations and delivery systems are summarized, including bispecific broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody and small molecule technologies for codelivery of multiple drugs with disparate solubility properties. There are new opportunities to take advantage of recent developments in tissue engineering and 3-dimensional in vitro modeling to advance preclinical modeling of anti-infective activity, developmental and reproductive toxicity assessment, and to apply quantitative modeling and simulation strategies. These developments are likely to drive the progression of more LA anti-infective drugs and multipurpose technologies into clinical development in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Neary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Adeniyi Olagunju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chand S, DeMarino C, Gowen A, Cowen M, Al-Sharif S, Kashanchi F, Yelamanchili SV. Methamphetamine Induces the Release of Proadhesive Extracellular Vesicles and Promotes Syncytia Formation: A Potential Role in HIV-1 Neuropathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030550. [PMID: 35336957 PMCID: PMC8950763 DOI: 10.3390/v14030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART), the high pervasiveness of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) poses a significant challenge for society. Methamphetamine (meth) and related amphetamine compounds, which are potent psychostimulants, are among the most commonly used illicit drugs. Intriguingly, HIV-infected individuals who are meth users have a comparatively higher rate of neuropsychological impairment and exhibit a higher viral load in the brain than infected individuals who do not abuse meth. Effectively, all cell types secrete nano-sized lipid membrane vesicles, referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can function as intercellular communication to modulate the physiology and pathology of the cells. This study shows that meth treatments on chronically HIV-infected promonocytic U1 cells induce the release of EVs that promote cellular clustering and syncytia formation, a phenomenon that facilitates HIV pathogenesis. Our analysis also revealed that meth exposure increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and HIV-Nef protein expression in both large (10 K) and small (100 K) EVs. Further, when meth EVs are applied to uninfected naïve monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), we saw a significant increase in cell clustering and syncytia formation. Furthermore, treatment of MDMs with antibodies against ICAM-1 and its receptor, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA1), substantially blocked syncytia formation, and consequently reduced the number of multinucleated cells. In summary, our findings reveal that meth exacerbates HIV pathogenesis in the brain through release of proadhesive EVs, promoting syncytia formation and thereby aiding in the progression of HIV infection in uninfected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (C.D.); (M.C.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Austin Gowen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (C.D.); (M.C.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Sarah Al-Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (C.D.); (M.C.); (S.A.-S.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (C.D.); (M.C.); (S.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (S.V.Y.)
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.C.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (S.V.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lopez P, Ajibola O, Pagliuzza A, Zayats R, Koh WH, Herschhorn A, Chomont N, Murooka TT. T cell migration potentiates HIV infection by enhancing viral fusion and integration. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110406. [PMID: 35196491 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells actively migrate along reticular networks within lymphoid organs in search for cognate antigen, but how these behaviors impact HIV entry and infection is unclear. Here, we show that migratory T cells in 3D collagen matrix display significantly enhanced infection and integration by cell-free R5-tropic lab adapted and transmitted/founder molecular HIV clones in the absence of exogenous cytokines or cationic polymers. Using two different collagen matrices that either support or restrict T cell migration, we observe high levels of HIV fusion in migratory T cells, whereas non-motile T cells display low viral entry and integration. Motile T cells were less sensitive to combination antiretroviral drugs and were able to freely migrate into regions with high HIV densities, resulting in high infection rates. Together, our studies indicate that the environmental context in which initial HIV-T cell encounters occur modulates HIV-1 entry and integration efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lopez
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amelie Pagliuzza
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Centre de recherche du CHUM and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Romaniya Zayats
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Wan Hon Koh
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alon Herschhorn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Centre de recherche du CHUM and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Demoliou C, Papaneophytou C, Nicolaidou V. SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1: So Different yet so Alike . Immune Response at the Cellular and Molecular Level. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1787-1795. [PMID: 36313221 PMCID: PMC9608044 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.73134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past half century, humanity has experienced two devastating pandemics; the HIV-1 pandemic and the recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Both emerged as zoonotic pathogens. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly migrated all over the world in less than two years, much as HIV-1 did almost 40 years ago. Despite these two RNA viruses being different in their mode of transmission as well as the symptoms they generate, recent evidence suggests that they cause similar immune responses. In this mini review, we compare the molecular basis for CD4+ T cell lymphopenia and other effects on the immune system induced by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 infections. We considered features of the host immune response that are shared with HIV-1 and could account for the lymphopenia and other immune effects observed in COVID-19. The information provided herein, may cast the virus-induced lymphopenia and cytokine storm associated with the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis in a different light for further research on host immune responses. It can also provide opportunities for the identification of novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19. Furthermore, we provide some basic information to enable a comparative framework for considering the overlapping sets of immune responses caused by HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Demoliou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos Papaneophytou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vicky Nicolaidou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Single-chain variable fragments of broadly neutralizing antibodies prevent HIV cell-cell transmission. J Virol 2021; 96:e0193421. [PMID: 34935437 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01934-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are able to prevent HIV infection following passive administration. Single-chain variable fragments (scFv) may have advantages over IgG as their smaller size permits improved diffusion into mucosal tissues. We have previously shown that scFv of bNAbs retain significant breadth and potency against cell-free viral transmission in a TZM-bl assay. However, scFv have not been tested for their ability to block cell-cell transmission, a model in which full-sized bNAbs lose potency. We tested 4 scFv (CAP256.25, PGT121, 3BNC117 and 10E8v4) compared to IgG, in free-virus and cell-cell neutralization assays in A3.01 cells, against a panel of seven heterologous viruses. We show that free-virus neutralization titers in the TZM-bl and A3.01 assays were not significantly different, and confirm that scFv show a 1 to 32-fold reduction in activity in the cell-free model, compared to IgG. However, whereas IgG show 3.4 to 19-fold geometric mean potency loss in cell-cell neutralization compared to free-virus transmission, scFv had more comparable activity in the two assays, with only a 1.3 to 2.3-fold reduction. Geometric mean IC50 of scFv for cell-cell transmission ranged from 0.65 μg/ml (10E8v4) to 2.3 μg/ml (3BNC117) with IgG and scFv neutralization showing similar potency against cell-associated transmission. Therefore, despite the reduced activity of scFv in cell-free assays, their retention of activity in the cell-cell format may make scFv useful for the prevention of both modes of transmission in HIV prevention studies. Importance Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are a major focus for passive immunization against HIV, with the recently concluded HVTN AMP (Antibody Mediated Protection) trial providing proof of concept. Most studies focus on cell-free HIV, however cell-associated virus may play a significant role in HIV infection, pathogenesis and latency. Single-chain variable fragments (scFv) of antibodies may have increased tissue penetration, and reduced immunogenicity. We previously demonstrated that scFv of four HIV-directed bNAbs (CAP256-VRC26.25, PGT121, 3BNC117 and 10E8v4) retain significant potency and breadth against cell-free HIV. As some bNAbs have been shown to lose potency against cell-associated virus, we investigated the ability of bNAb scFv to neutralize this mode of transmission. We demonstrate that unlike IgG, scFv of bNAbs are able to neutralize cell-free and cell-associated virus with similar potency. These scFv, which show functional activity in the therapeutic range, may therefore be suitable for further development as passive immunity for HIV prevention.
Collapse
|
12
|
Barbaro JM, Cuervo AM, Berman JW. HIV Increases the Inhibitory Impact of Morphine and Antiretrovirals on Autophagy in Primary Human Macrophages: Contributions to Neuropathogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092183. [PMID: 34571832 PMCID: PMC8470112 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV enters the CNS early after peripheral infection, establishing reservoirs in perivascular macrophages that contribute to development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in 15–40% of people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Opioid use may contribute to dysregulated macrophage functions resulting in more severe neurocognitive symptoms in PWH taking opioids. Macroautophagy helps maintain quality control in long-lived cell types, such as macrophages, and has been shown to regulate, in part, some macrophage functions in the CNS that contribute to HAND. Using Western blotting and confocal immunofluorescence in primary human macrophages, we demonstrated that morphine and a commonly prescribed ART regimen induce bulk autophagy. Morphine and ART also inhibited completion of autophagy. HIV infection increased these inhibitory effects. We also examined two types of selective autophagy that degrade aggregated proteins (aggrephagy) and dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy). Morphine and ART inhibited selective autophagy mediated by p62 regardless of HIV infection, and morphine inhibited mitophagic flux in HIV-infected cells demonstrating potential mitotoxicity. These results indicate that inhibition of autophagy, both in bulk and selective, in CNS macrophages may mediate neurocognitive dysfunction in PWH using opioids. Increasing autophagic activity in the context of HIV may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing HAND in these individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Barbaro
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Joan W. Berman
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Relaño-Rodríguez I, Espinar-Buitrago MDLS, Martín-Cañadilla V, Gómez-Ramírez R, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. G2-S16 Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimer Can Reduce HIV-1 Reservoir Formation by Inhibiting Macrophage Cell to Cell Transmission. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8366. [PMID: 34445073 PMCID: PMC8393995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is still a major problem, not only in developing countries but is also re-emerging in several developed countries, thus the development of new compounds able to inhibit the virus, either for prophylaxis or treatment, is still needed. Nanotechnology has provided the science community with several new tools for biomedical applications. G2-S16 is a polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer capable of inhibiting HIV-1 in vitro and in vivo by interacting directly with viral particles. One of the main barriers for HIV-1 eradication is the reservoirs created in primoinfection. These reservoirs, mainly in T cells, are untargetable by actual drugs or immune system. Thus, one approach is inhibiting HIV-1 from reaching these reservoir cells. In this context, macrophages play a main role as they can deliver viral particles to T cells establishing reservoirs. We showed that G2-S16 dendrimer is capable of inhibiting the infection from infected macrophages to healthy T CD4/CD8 lymphocytes by eliminating HIV-1 infectivity inside macrophages, so they are not able to carry infectious particles to other body locations, thus preventing the reservoirs from forming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Relaño-Rodríguez
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-R.); (M.d.l.S.E.-B.); (V.M.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María de la Sierra Espinar-Buitrago
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-R.); (M.d.l.S.E.-B.); (V.M.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Martín-Cañadilla
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-R.); (M.d.l.S.E.-B.); (V.M.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-R.); (M.d.l.S.E.-B.); (V.M.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Human TRIM5α: Autophagy Connects Cell-Intrinsic HIV-1 Restriction and Innate Immune Sensor Functioning. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020320. [PMID: 33669846 PMCID: PMC7923229 DOI: 10.3390/v13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) persists as a global health concern, with an incidence rate of approximately 2 million, and estimated global prevalence of over 35 million. Combination antiretroviral treatment is highly effective, but HIV-1 patients that have been treated still suffer from chronic inflammation and residual viral replication. It is therefore paramount to identify therapeutically efficacious strategies to eradicate viral reservoirs and ultimately develop a cure for HIV-1. It has been long accepted that the restriction factor tripartite motif protein 5 isoform alpha (TRIM5α) restricts HIV-1 infection in a species-specific manner, with rhesus macaque TRIM5α strongly restricting HIV-1, and human TRIM5α having a minimal restriction capacity. However, several recent studies underscore human TRIM5α as a cell-dependent HIV-1 restriction factor. Here, we present an overview of the latest research on human TRIM5α and propose a novel conceptualization of TRIM5α as a restriction factor with a varied portfolio of antiviral functions, including mediating HIV-1 degradation through autophagy- and proteasome-mediated mechanisms, and acting as a viral sensor and effector of antiviral signaling. We have also expanded on the protective antiviral roles of autophagy and outline the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation to intervene in chronic HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
|
15
|
Koh WH, Lopez P, Ajibola O, Parvarchian R, Mohammad U, Hnatiuk R, Kindrachuk J, Murooka TT. HIV-Captured DCs Regulate T Cell Migration and Cell-Cell Contact Dynamics to Enhance Viral Spread. iScience 2020; 23:101427. [PMID: 32798973 PMCID: PMC7452485 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of cell-associated HIV-1 from the genital mucosa to lymphoid organs represents a critical first step toward systemic infection. Mature DCs capture and transmit HIV-1 to T cells, but insights into DC-to-T cell viral spread dynamics within a 3-dimensional environment is lacking. Using live-cell imaging, we show that mature DCs rapidly compartmentalize HIV-1 within surface-accessible invaginations near the uropod. HIV-1 capture did not interfere with DC migration toward lymph node homing chemo-attractants and their ability to enter lymphatic vessels. However, HIV-captured DCs engaged in prolonged contacts with autologous CD4+ T cells, which led to high T cell infection. Interestingly, we show that surface bound, virion-associated Env induced signal transduction in motile T cells that facilitated prolonged DC:T cell interactions, partially through high-affinity LFA-1 expression. Together, we describe a mechanism by which surface bound HIV-1 particles function as signaling receptors that regulate T cell motility, cell-cell contact dynamics, and productive infection. Mature DCs compartmentalize HIV particles near the uropodia via Siglec-1 receptor HIV-captured DCs respond to lymph node-homing chemokines and access lymphatics Prolonged contacts between HIV-captured DCs and CD4 T cells facilitate virus transfer Surface-accessible HIV particles can induce T cell signaling via Env:CD4 engagement
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hon Koh
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Paul Lopez
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Roshan Parvarchian
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Umar Mohammad
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ryan Hnatiuk
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lotfi S, Nasser H, Noyori O, Hiyoshi M, Takeuchi H, Koyanagi Y, Suzu S. M-Sec facilitates intercellular transmission of HIV-1 through multiple mechanisms. Retrovirology 2020; 17:20. [PMID: 32650782 PMCID: PMC7350586 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-1 promotes the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) that connect distant cells, aiding cell-to-cell viral transmission between macrophages. Our recent study suggests that the cellular protein M-Sec plays a role in these processes. However, the timing, mechanism, and to what extent M-Sec contributes to HIV-1 transmission is not fully understood, and the lack of a cell line model that mimics macrophages has hindered in-depth analysis. Results We found that HIV-1 increased the number, length and thickness of TNTs in a manner dependent on its pathogenic protein Nef and M-Sec in U87 cells, as observed in macrophages. In addition, we found that M-Sec was required not only for TNT formation but also motility of U87 cells, both of which are beneficial for viral transmission. In fact, M-Sec knockdown in U87 cells led to a significantly delayed viral production in both cellular and extracellular fractions. This inhibition was observed for wild-type virus, but not for a mutant virus lacking Nef, which is known to promote not only TNT formation but also migration of infected macrophages. Conclusions By taking advantage of useful features of U87 cells, we provided evidence that M-Sec mediates a rapid and efficient cell–cell transmission of HIV-1 at an early phase of infection by enhancing both TNT formation and cell motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Lotfi
- Division of Infection & Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hesham Nasser
- Division of Infection & Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41511, Egypt
| | - Osamu Noyori
- Division of Infection & Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masateru Hiyoshi
- Department of Safety Research On Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yoshio Koyanagi
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto University, KyotoKyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Suzu
- Division of Infection & Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|